Catastrophic events share characteristic nonlinear behaviors that are often generated by cross-scale interactions and feedbacks among system elements. These events result in surprises that cannot easily be predicted based on information obtained at a single scale. Progress on catastrophic events has focused on one of the following two areas: nonlinear dynamics through time without an explicit consideration of spatial connectivity [Holling, C. S. (1992) Ecol. Monogr. 62, 447–502] or spatial connectivity and the spread of contagious processes without a consideration of cross-scale interactions and feedbacks [Zeng, N., Neeling, J. D., Lau, L. M. & Tucker, C. J. (1999) Science 286, 1537–1540]. These approaches rarely have ventured beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries. We provide an interdisciplinary, conceptual, and general mathematical framework for understanding and forecasting nonlinear dynamics through time and across space. We illustrate the generality and usefulness of our approach by using new data and recasting published data from ecology (wildfires and desertification), epidemiology (infectious diseases), and engineering (structural failures). We show that decisions that minimize the likelihood of catastrophic events must be based on cross-scale interactions, and such decisions will often be counterintuitive. Given the continuing challenges associated with global change, approaches that cross disciplinary boundaries to include interactions and feedbacks at multiple scales are needed to increase our ability to predict catastrophic events and develop strategies for minimizing their occurrence and impacts. Our framework is an important step in developing predictive tools and designing experiments to examine cross-scale interactions.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0403822101","usgsCitation":"Peters, D., Pielke, R.A., Bestelmeyer, B.T., Allen, C.D., Munson-McGee, S., and Havstad, K.M., 2004, Cross scale interactions, nonlinearities, and forecasting catastrophic events: PNAS, v. 101, no. 42, p. 15130-15135, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0403822101.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"15130","endPage":"15135","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489984,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/523446","text":"External Repository"},{"id":132401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"42","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db680f57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Debra P. C.","contributorId":36903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peters","given":"Debra P. C.","affiliations":[{"id":25579,"text":"USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":322547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pielke, Roger A. Sr.","contributorId":32762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pielke","given":"Roger","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":322548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.","contributorId":26180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bestelmeyer","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6973,"text":"USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range and Jornada Basin LTER, Las Cruces, NM; New Mexico State University, Dept. of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Las Cruces, NM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":322550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Munson-McGee, Stuart","contributorId":99939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munson-McGee","given":"Stuart","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27640,"text":"New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":322552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Havstad, Kris M.","contributorId":16692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havstad","given":"Kris","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":2000065,"text":"2000065 - 2004 - Comparison of catch and lake trout bycatch in commercial trap nets and gill nets targeting lake whitefish in northern Lake Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T11:35:07","indexId":"2000065","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":27,"text":"Fisheries Research Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2071","title":"Comparison of catch and lake trout bycatch in commercial trap nets and gill nets targeting lake whitefish in northern Lake Huron","docAbstract":"We compared seasonal lake whitefish catch rates, lake trout bycatch, and gearinduced lake trout mortality between commercial trap nets and gill nets in north-central Lake Huron. Onboard monitors recorded catches from 260 gill net and 96 trap net lifts from October 1998 through December 1999. Catch rates for lake whitefish were highest in fall for both gear types, reflecting proximity of spawning sites to the study area. Lake whitefish catch rates were also relatively high in spring but low in both gear types in summer. Lake trout were the principal bycatch species in both gears. The lake trout bycatch was lowest in both gear types in fall, highest in gill nets in spring, and highest in trap nets in summer. The ratio of lake trout to legal whitefish (the target species) was highest in summer and lowest in fall in both gear types. The high lake trout ratio in summer was due principally to low catch rates of lake whitefish. All but 3 of 186 live lake trout removed from trap net pots survived for at least two days of observation in laboratory tanks. Therefore, we estimated that post-release survival of trap netted lake trout that had not been entangled in the mesh was 98.4%. In addition, we accounted for stress-induced mortality for lake trout that were live at capture but entangled in the mesh of either gear type. Resulting estimates of lake trout survival were higher in trap nets (87.8%) than in gill nets (39.6%). The number of lake trout killed per lift was highest during summer in trap nets and during spring in gill nets. In trap nets, 85% of dead lake trout were observed to be entangled in the mesh of the pot or tunnels. Survival rates of lake trout in gill nets were higher in our study than reported by others, probably because our nets were hand lifted in a small boat. Our trap net-induced mortality estimates on lake trout were higher than those reported by others because we adjusted our estimates to account for post-release mortality caused by handling and injury. Studies such as ours should prove useful to managers developing harvest allocation options that are consistent with the need to protect nontarget populations. For example, applying our seasonal lake trout-whitefish catch ratios to a hypothetical small-boat gill net fishery, the lake trout bycatch from harvest of 100,000 kg of whitefish would equal the estimated lake trout production available for harvest in the study area for year 2002. The two trap net fisheries may have incidentally killed half this number of lake trout annually from 1995-99. Bycatch estimates are also important inputs to catch-at-age decision models used in developing rehabilitation and harvest strategies for target and bycatch species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.E., Ebener, M.P., Gebhardt, K., and Bergstedt, R., 2004, Comparison of catch and lake trout bycatch in commercial trap nets and gill nets targeting lake whitefish in northern Lake Huron: Fisheries Research Report 2071, 25 p.","productDescription":"25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611f7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, James E.","contributorId":45668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebener, Mark P.","contributorId":25099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebener","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12957,"text":"Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":325038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gebhardt, Kenneth","contributorId":6967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebhardt","given":"Kenneth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger","contributorId":7803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026834,"text":"70026834 - 2004 - Upper crustal structure from the Santa Monica Mountains to the Sierra Nevada, Southern California: Tomographic results from the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment, Phase II (LARSE II)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026834","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper crustal structure from the Santa Monica Mountains to the Sierra Nevada, Southern California: Tomographic results from the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment, Phase II (LARSE II)","docAbstract":"In 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) collected refraction and low-fold reflection data along a 150-km-long corridor extending from the Santa Monica Mountains northward to the Sierra Nevada. This profile was part of the second phase of the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE II). Chief imaging targets included sedimentary basins beneath the San Fernando and Santa Clarita Valleys and the deep structure of major faults along the transect, including causative faults for the 1971 M 6.7 San Fernando and 1994 M 6.7 Northridge earthquakes, the San Gabriel Fault, and the San Andreas Fault. Tomographic modeling of first arrivals using the methods of Hole (1992) and Lutter et al. (1999) produces velocity models that are similar to each other and are well resolved to depths of 5-7.5 km. These models, together with oil-test well data and independent forward modeling of LARSE II refraction data, suggest that regions of relatively low velocity and high velocity gradient in the San Fernando Valley and the northern Santa Clarita Valley (north of the San Gabriel Fault) correspond to Cenozoic sedimentary basin fill and reach maximum depths along the profile of ???4.3 km and >3 km , respectively. The Antelope Valley, within the western Mojave Desert, is also underlain by low-velocity, high-gradient sedimentary fill to an interpreted maximum depth of ???2.4 km. Below depths of ???2 km, velocities of basement rocks in the Santa Monica Mountains and the central Transverse Ranges vary between 5.5 and 6.0 km/sec, but in the Mojave Desert, basement rocks vary in velocity between 5.25 and 6.25 km/sec. The San Andreas Fault separates differing velocity structures of the central Transverse Ranges and Mojave Desert. A weak low-velocity zone is centered approximately on the north-dipping aftershock zone of the 1971 San Fernando earthquake and possibly along the deep projection of the San Gabriel Fault. Modeling of gravity data, using densities inferred from the velocity model, indicates that different velocity-density relationships hold for both sedimentary and basement rocks as one crosses the San Andreas Fault. The LARSE II velocity model can now be used to improve the SCEC Community Velocity Model, which is used to calculate seismic amplitudes for large scenario earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120030058","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Lutter, W.J., Fuis, G., Ryberg, T., Okaya, D.A., Clayton, R., Davis, P., Prodehl, C., Murphy, J., Langenheim, V., Benthien, M., Godfrey, N.J., Christensen, N., Thygesen, K., Thurber, C., Simila, G., and Keller, G.R., 2004, Upper crustal structure from the Santa Monica Mountains to the Sierra Nevada, Southern California: Tomographic results from the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment, Phase II (LARSE II): Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 2, p. 619-632, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030058.","startPage":"619","endPage":"632","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478165,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121001-131459133","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209235,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120030058"},{"id":235501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd53e4b08c986b328f7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lutter, W. J.","contributorId":90361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutter","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryberg, T.","contributorId":91643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okaya, D. A.","contributorId":64280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okaya","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clayton, R.W.","contributorId":63413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davis, P.M.","contributorId":15229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Prodehl, C.","contributorId":100376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prodehl","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Murphy, J.M.","contributorId":84760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":411284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Benthien, M.L.","contributorId":20780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benthien","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Godfrey, N. J.","contributorId":12866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godfrey","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Christensen, N.I.","contributorId":28016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"N.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Thygesen, K.","contributorId":56840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thygesen","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Thurber, C.H.","contributorId":28617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Simila, G.","contributorId":18151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simila","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Keller, Gordon R.","contributorId":90280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70027554,"text":"70027554 - 2004 - Dissolved organic carbon and disinfection by-product precursor release from managed peat soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-01T17:48:31.075348","indexId":"70027554","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved organic carbon and disinfection by-product precursor release from managed peat soils","docAbstract":"A wetland restoration demonstration project examined the effects of a permanently flooded wetland on subsidence of peat soils. The project, started in 1997, was done on Twitchell Island, in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California. Conversion of agricultural land to a wetland has changed many of the biogeochemical processes controlling dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release from the peat soils, relative to the previous land use. Dissolved organic C in delta waters is a concern because it reacts with chlorine, added as a disinfectant in municipal drinking waters, to form carcinogenic disinfection byproducts (DBPs), including trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). This study explores the effects of peat soil biogeochemistry on DOC and DBP release under agricultural and wetland management. Results indicate that organic matter source, extent of soil organic matter decomposition, and decomposition pathways all are factors in THM formation. The results show that historical management practices dominate the release of DOC and THM precursors. However, within-site differences indicate that recent management decisions can contribute to changes in DOC quality and THM precursor formation. Not all aromatic forms of carbon are highly reactive and certain environmental conditions produce the specific carbon structures that form THMs. Both HAA and THM precursors are elevated in the DOC released under wetland conditions. The findings of this study emphasize the need to further investigate the roles of organic matter sources, microbial decomposition pathways, and decomposition status of soil organic matter in the release of DOC and DBP precursors from delta soils under varying land-use practices.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq2004.4650","usgsCitation":"Fleck, J., Bossio, D., and Fujii, R., 2004, Dissolved organic carbon and disinfection by-product precursor release from managed peat soils: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 33, no. 2, p. 465-475, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.4650.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"475","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Twitchell Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.69143676757811,\n 38.08377048360514\n ],\n [\n -121.56509399414061,\n 38.08377048360514\n ],\n [\n -121.56509399414061,\n 38.14751758025121\n ],\n [\n -121.69143676757811,\n 38.14751758025121\n ],\n [\n -121.69143676757811,\n 38.08377048360514\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0232e4b0c8380cd4ff33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleck, J.A. 0000-0002-3217-3972","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":35864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bossio, D.A.","contributorId":80897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bossio","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fujii, R.","contributorId":32278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027251,"text":"70027251 - 2004 - Unsaturated flow and transport through a fault embedded in fractured welded tuff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:08:24","indexId":"70027251","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unsaturated flow and transport through a fault embedded in fractured welded tuff","docAbstract":"To evaluate the importance of matrix diffusion as a mechanism for retarding radionuclide transport in the vicinity of a fault located in unsaturated fractured rock, we carried out an in situ field experiment in the Exploratory Studies Facility at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. This experiment involved the release of ∼82,000 L of water over a period of 17 months directly into a near‐vertical fault under both constant positive head (at ∼0.04 m) and decreasing fluxes. A mix of conservative tracers (pentafluorobenzoic acid (PFBA) and bromide (applied in the form of lithium bromide)) was released along the fault over a period of 9 days, 7 months after the start of water release along the fault. As water was released into the fault, seepage rates were monitored in a large cavity excavated below the test bed. After the release of tracers, seepage water was continuously collected from three locations and analyzed for the injected tracers. Observations of bromide concentrations in seepage water during the early stages of the experiment and bromide and PFBA concentrations in the seepage water indicate the significant effects of matrix diffusion on transport through a fault embedded in fractured, welded rock.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003WR002571","usgsCitation":"Salve, R., Liu, H., Cook, P., Czarnomski, A., Hu, Q., and Hudson, D., 2004, Unsaturated flow and transport through a fault embedded in fractured welded tuff: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 4, Article W04210; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002571.","productDescription":"Article W04210; 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478205,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003wr002571","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbcf0e4b08c986b328e5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salve, Rohit","contributorId":81929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salve","given":"Rohit","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Hui-Hai","contributorId":179328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Hui-Hai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cook, Paul","contributorId":175585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Czarnomski, Atlantis","contributorId":35928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Czarnomski","given":"Atlantis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hu, Qinhong","contributorId":203736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Qinhong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hudson, David","contributorId":203739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hudson","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027215,"text":"70027215 - 2004 - Late Pleistocene mammoth remains from Coastal Maine, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70027215","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene mammoth remains from Coastal Maine, USA","docAbstract":"Remains identified as those of a woolly mammoth ( Mammuthus primigenius ) dated at 12,200 ?? 55 14C yr B.P. were recovered while excavating in a complex sequence of glaciomarine sediments in Scarborough, Maine, USA. The mammoth was found in the top meter of a fossiliferous unit of mud and sand laminites. These sediments were deposited during a marine regressive phase following the transgression that accompanied northward retreat of the margin of the Laurentide ice sheet. A Portlandia arctica valve from the underlying transgressive unit provides a minimum age of 14,820 ?? 105 14C yr B.P. for local deglaciation. The mammoth, an adult female, died in midwinter with no evidence of human involvement. Tusk growth rates and oxygen-isotope variation over the last few years of life record low seasonality. The mammoth was transported to the site as a partial carcass by the late-glacial proto-Saco River. It sank in a near-shore setting, was subjected to additional disarticulation and scattering of elements, and was finally buried in sediments reworked by the shallowing sea. ?? 2004 University of Washington. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2004.02.006","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Hoyle, B., Fisher, D., Borns, H., Churchill-Dickson, L.L., Dorion, C.C., and Weddle, T., 2004, Late Pleistocene mammoth remains from Coastal Maine, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 61, no. 3, p. 277-288, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.02.006.","startPage":"277","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209175,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.02.006"},{"id":235414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4515e4b0c8380cd67012","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoyle, B.G.","contributorId":33104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoyle","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, D.C.","contributorId":95247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borns, H.W. Jr.","contributorId":21701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borns","given":"H.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Churchill-Dickson, L. L.","contributorId":74557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Churchill-Dickson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dorion, C. C.","contributorId":93236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorion","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weddle, T.K.","contributorId":60002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weddle","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027513,"text":"70027513 - 2004 - Strain accumulation across the Coast Ranges at the latitude of San Francisco, 1994-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-08T15:53:31.062884","indexId":"70027513","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strain accumulation across the Coast Ranges at the latitude of San Francisco, 1994-2000","docAbstract":"A 66-monument geodetic array spanning the Coast Ranges near San Francisco has been surveyed more than eight times by GIPS between late 1993 and early 2001. The measured horizontal velocities of the monuments are well represented by uniform, right-lateral, simple shear parallel to N29°W. (The local strike of the San Andreas Fault is ∼N34°W.) The observed areal dilatation rate of 6.9 ± 10.0 nstrain yr−1 (quoted uncertainty is one standard deviation and extension is reckoned positive) is not significantly different from zero, which implies that the observed strain accumulation could be released by strike-slip faulting alone. Our results are consistent with the slip rates assigned by the Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities [2003] to the principal faults (San Gregorio, San Andreas, Hayward-Rodgers Creek, Calaveras-Concord-Green Valley, and Greenville Faults) cutting across the GPS array. The vector sum of those slip rates is is 39.8 ± 2.6 mm yr−1 N29.8°W ± 2.8°, whereas the motion across the GPS array (breadth 120 km) inferred from the uniform strain rate approximation is 38.7 ± 1.2 mm yr−1 N29.0°W ± 0.9° right-lateral shear and 0.4 ± 0.9 mm yr−1 N61°E ± 0.9° extension. We interpret the near coincidence of these rates and the absence of significant accumulation of areal dilatation to imply that right-lateral slip on the principal faults can release the accumulating strain; major strain release on reverse faults subparallel to the San Andreas Fault within the Coast Ranges is not required.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002612","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., Gan, W., Prescott, W., and Svarc, J.L., 2004, Strain accumulation across the Coast Ranges at the latitude of San Francisco, 1994-2000: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 3, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002612.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478379,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jb002612","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Coast Ranges","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.81640624999999,\n 35.94243575255424\n ],\n [\n -121.22314453124999,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -121.00341796874999,\n 36.474306755095235\n ],\n [\n -121.77246093750001,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -122.2119140625,\n 38.22091976683121\n ],\n [\n -122.71728515624999,\n 38.22091976683121\n ],\n [\n -122.9150390625,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -121.81640624999999,\n 35.94243575255424\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b988fe4b08c986b31c096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gan, Weijun","contributorId":33083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gan","given":"Weijun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Svarc, J. L.","contributorId":75995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027514,"text":"70027514 - 2004 - Crystallographic controls on the frictional behavior of dry and water-saturated sheet structure minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-08T15:41:02.680847","indexId":"70027514","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crystallographic controls on the frictional behavior of dry and water-saturated sheet structure minerals","docAbstract":"We compare the frictional strengths of 17 sheet structure mineral powders, measured under dry and water-saturated conditions, to identify the factors that cause many of them to be relatively weak. The dry coefficient of friction μ ranges upward from 0.2 for graphite, leveling off at 0.8 for margarite, clintonite, gibbsite, kaolinite, and lizardite. The values of μ (dry) correlate directly with calculated (001) interlayer bond strengths of the minerals. This correlation occurs because shear becomes localized along boundary and Riedel shears and the platy minerals in them rotate into alignment with the shear planes. For those gouges with μ (dry) < 0.8, shear occurs by breaking the interlayer bonds to form new cleavage surfaces. Where μ (dry) = 0.8, consistent with Byerlee's law, the interlayer bonds are sufficiently strong that other frictional processes dominate. The transition in dry friction mechanisms corresponds to calculated surface energies of 2–3 J/m2. Adding water causes μ to decrease for every mineral tested except graphite. If the minerals are separated into groups with similar crystal structures, μ (wet) increases with increasing interlayer bond strength within each group. This relationship also holds for the swelling clay montmorillonite, whose water-saturated strength is consistent with the strengths of nonswelling clays of similar crystal structure. Water in the saturated gouges forms thin, structured films between the plate surfaces. The polar water molecules are bonded to the plate surfaces in proportion to the mineral's surface energy, and μ (wet) reflects the stresses required to shear through the water films.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002582","usgsCitation":"Moore, D., and Lockner, D., 2004, Crystallographic controls on the frictional behavior of dry and water-saturated sheet structure minerals: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 3, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002582.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478106,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jb002582","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd03e4b0c8380cd4e5a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":106496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027265,"text":"70027265 - 2004 - Reaction rim growth on olivine in silicic melts: Implications for magma mixing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-15T10:53:15","indexId":"70027265","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reaction rim growth on olivine in silicic melts: Implications for magma mixing","docAbstract":"Finely crystalline amphibole or pyroxene rims that form during reaction between silicic host melt and cognate olivine xenocrysts, newly introduced during magma mixing events, can provide information about the timing between mixing and volcanic eruptions. We investigated rim growth experimentally by placing forsteritic olivine in rhyolitic and rhyodacitic melts for times between 25 and 622 h at 50 and 150 MPa, H2O-saturated, at the Ni-NiO buffer. Rims of orthopyroxene microlites formed from high-silica rhyolite and rhyodacite melts at 885°C and 50 MPa, and in the rhyolite at 150 MPa and 885°C. Rims of amphibole with lesser orthopyroxene formed in the rhyolite at 150 MPa and 800°C and in the rhyodacite at 150 MPa and 885°C. Irregular, convolute olivine edges and mass balance between olivine, melt, and rim phases show that olivine partly dissolved at all conditions. Iron-rich zones at the exteriors of olivines, which increased in width parabolically with time, show that Fe-Mg interdiffusion occurring in olivines was not outpaced by olivine dissolution. Linear increases of the square of rim widths with time suggest that diffusion within the melt is the rate-controlling process for olivine dissolution and rim growth. Rims grew one-half to one order-of-magnitude faster when melt water contents were doubled, unless conditions were far above the liquidus. Rim growth rate in rhyolite increases from 0.055 ± 0.01 µm2/h at 885°C and 50 MPa to 0.64 ± 0.13 µm2/h at 800°C and 150 MPa. Melt composition has a lesser effect on rim growth rates, with growth rate increasing as melt SiO2 content decreases. Pyroxene rims on olivines in andesite erupted from Arenal volcano (Costa Rica) grew at a rate of 3.0 ± 0.2 µm2/h over an eleven-year period. This rate is faster than those of the experiments due to lower melt viscosity and higher temperatures, and suggests that a magma mixing event preceded the start of the eruption by days.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., and Gardner, J.E., 2004, Reaction rim growth on olivine in silicic melts: Implications for magma mixing: American Mineralogist, v. 89, no. 5-6, p. 748-759.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"748","endPage":"759","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334517,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/TOC/2004/MJ04.html"}],"volume":"89","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a957ee4b0c8380cd81a4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, James E.","contributorId":43243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026838,"text":"70026838 - 2004 - Evidence of long-term seasonal climate forcing in rhizolith isotopes during the last glaciation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026838","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of long-term seasonal climate forcing in rhizolith isotopes during the last glaciation","docAbstract":"High density carbonate rhizoliths were found from a loess-paleosol succession from the late Wisconsin period (21-11 ka) in Illinois. Their morphology shows that they formed in a close contact with living and decomposing roots, suggesting a root/microbial respiration origin. Carbon (??13C) and oxygen (??18O) isotopic analyses were performed on 36 and 37 individual rhizoliths of two separate 10 cm intervals and 98 bulk rhizoliths of all 10 cm intervals. The results of the individual rhizolith ??13C and ??18O analyses suggest that the carbon source was largely derived from respiring C3, C4 and microbial biomass, and that meteoric water was controlled mainly by warm-season precipitation. The results of bulk rhizolith ??13C and ??18O analyses show that warm-season proxies varied in phase with glacial fluctuations at submillennial scales, suggesting long-term seasonal forcing may have played an important role on climate change during the late Wisconsin glaciation in North America. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004GL020207","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Wang, H., Ambrose, S., and Fouke, B., 2004, Evidence of long-term seasonal climate forcing in rhizolith isotopes during the last glaciation: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, no. 13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020207.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478221,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gl020207","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209256,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020207"},{"id":235536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d64e4b0c8380cd52fbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Hongfang","contributorId":92635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Hongfang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ambrose, S.H.","contributorId":88506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambrose","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fouke, B.W.","contributorId":53137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fouke","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026824,"text":"70026824 - 2004 - A resampling procedure for generating conditioned daily weather sequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T14:59:00","indexId":"70026824","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A resampling procedure for generating conditioned daily weather sequences","docAbstract":"A method is introduced to generate conditioned daily precipitation and temperature time series at multiple stations. The method resamples data from the historical record “nens” times for the period of interest (nens = number of ensemble members) and reorders the ensemble members to reconstruct the observed spatial (intersite) and temporal correlation statistics. The weather generator model is applied to 2307 stations in the contiguous United States and is shown to reproduce the observed spatial correlation between neighboring stations, the observed correlation between variables (e.g., between precipitation and temperature), and the observed temporal correlation between subsequent days in the generated weather sequence. The weather generator model is extended to produce sequences of weather that are conditioned on climate indices (in this case the Niño 3.4 index). Example illustrations of conditioned weather sequences are provided for a station in Arizona (Petrified Forest, 34.8°N, 109.9°W), where El Niño and La Niña conditions have a strong effect on winter precipitation. The conditioned weather sequences generated using the methods described in this paper are appropriate for use as input to hydrologic models to produce multiseason forecasts of streamflow.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003WR002747","usgsCitation":"Clark, M., Gangopadhyay, S., Brandon, D., Werner, K., Hay, L.E., Rajagopalan, B., and Yates, D., 2004, A resampling procedure for generating conditioned daily weather sequences: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 4, Article W04304; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002747.","productDescription":"Article W04304; 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003wr002747","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e549e4b0c8380cd46c73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Martyn P.","contributorId":21445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Martyn P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu 0000-0003-3864-8251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3864-8251","contributorId":173439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gangopadhyay","given":"Subhrendu","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandon, David","contributorId":22023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brandon","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Werner, Kevin","contributorId":194369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werner","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":411236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rajagopalan, Balaji","contributorId":145813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rajagopalan","given":"Balaji","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16240,"text":"U of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yates, David","contributorId":127383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yates","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70027253,"text":"70027253 - 2004 - The nearshore benthic invertebrate community of southern Lake Michigan and its response to beach nourishment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T11:33:04","indexId":"70027253","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The nearshore benthic invertebrate community of southern Lake Michigan and its response to beach nourishment","docAbstract":"The nearshore benthic environment of Lake Michigan represents a dynamic and little studied habitat. To explore the biology and response of this community to beach nourishment, Ponar samples were taken at 1.5, 3, and 6 m depths at 10 transects along the southern shore of Lake Michigan before and after beach nourishment. Forty taxa were identified, and two of these, Chaetogaster diastrophus and Nematoda, made up over 81% of all organisms collected. Shallow sites (≤ 3 m) were generally dominated byC. diastrophus and Nematoda, and these sites represent communities adapted to constant wave induced sediment disturbance. Deep (6 m) sites were generally dominated by Nematoda, but fair numbers of C. diastrophus, Amphichaeta leydigi, Paracladopelma spp., and other less abundant taxa were identified. Greater diversity at deeper sites may be related to the stability resulting from reduced wave disturbance. A notable decrease in mean invertebrate density (P < 0.01) from 2001 to 2002 downdrift from the site of beach nourishment suggests that sand placement affected invertebrate populations, although a more thorough understanding of this community's response to environmental variables is required to further support this conclusion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(04)70334-2","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Garza, E., and Whitman, R., 2004, The nearshore benthic invertebrate community of southern Lake Michigan and its response to beach nourishment: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 30, no. 1, p. 114-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(04)70334-2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"114","endPage":"122","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae0ae4b08c986b323ed3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garza, E.L.","contributorId":11815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garza","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027224,"text":"70027224 - 2004 - Depletion of the chloramine-T marker residue, para-toluenesulfonamide, from skin-on fillet tissue of hybrid striped bass, rainbow trout, and yellow perch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70027224","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depletion of the chloramine-T marker residue, para-toluenesulfonamide, from skin-on fillet tissue of hybrid striped bass, rainbow trout, and yellow perch","docAbstract":"Waterborne exposure to n-sodium-n-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide (chloramine-T) is an effective treatment for controlling fish mortalities caused by bacterial gill disease (BGD). Currently, data are being generated to gain United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the use of chloramine-T in aquaculture. As part of the data required for an approval, depletion of the chloramine-T marker residue (para-toluenesulfonamide [p-TSA]) from the edible fillet tissue of exposed fish must be determined. Hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis??Morone chrysops; mean weight 357 g), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; mean weight 457 g), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens; mean weight 144 g) were exposed to 20 mg/l of chloramine-T for 60 min on 4 consecutive days (the most aggressive treatment expected for approved use in the United States). Groups of fish (n=15 or 19) were sampled immediately after the last treatment and periodically through 48 or 168 h after the treatment phase. Duplicate subsamples of skin-on fillet tissue from each fish were analyzed for p-TSA. Mean p-TSA concentrations in fillet tissue from fish sampled immediately after the last treatment were 142 ng/g (hybrid striped bass), 97 ng/g (rainbow trout), and 150 ng/g (yellow perch). Mean p-TSA concentrations at terminal sample times were 94 (168 h; hybrid striped bass), 74 (48 h; rainbow trout), and 35 ng/g (168 h; yellow perch). The half-lives of p-TSA in fillet tissue from fish near or at market size were 11.4 (hybrid striped bass), 4.3 (rainbow trout), and 3.2 days (yellow perch).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00448-4","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Meinertz, J., Stehly, G., Greseth, S.L., Gaikowski, M., and Gingerich, W., 2004, Depletion of the chloramine-T marker residue, para-toluenesulfonamide, from skin-on fillet tissue of hybrid striped bass, rainbow trout, and yellow perch: Aquaculture, v. 235, no. 1-4, p. 65-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00448-4.","startPage":"65","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209249,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00448-4"},{"id":235523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"235","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feb3e4b0c8380cd4ee98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinertz, J.R. 0000-0002-8855-2648","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-2648","contributorId":16786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinertz","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stehly, G. R.","contributorId":34081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehly","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greseth, Shari L.","contributorId":105681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greseth","given":"Shari","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaikowski, M.P. 0000-0002-6507-9341","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":51685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gingerich, W.H.","contributorId":83481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027452,"text":"70027452 - 2004 - Fishes of the Missouri national recreational river, South Dakota and Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T11:36:41","indexId":"70027452","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1859,"text":"Great Plains Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fishes of the Missouri national recreational river, South Dakota and Nebraska","docAbstract":"Two sections of the Missouri River, one extending 94 km downstream from Gavins Point Dam, and the other extending 62 km downstream from Fort Randall Dam, are legally designated as National Recreational Rivers. An ichthyofaunal list and fish habitat data were needed for conservation planning by states and federal agencies (e.g., National Park Service). We collected fish during three summers from four macrohabitats, using five fish collection techniques, and measured fish habitat characteristics. Temperature, conductivity, and turbidity varied little, but substrate, depth, and velocity differed among macrohabitats (e.g., depth and velocity in the channel exceeded those elsewhere; sand dominated the substrate except in silt-laden tributary mouths and backwaters). We collected 21,699 fish of 53 species and combined our survey with others to compile a list of 92 species. Common recreational species included walleye (Sander vitreum) and catfishes (Ictaluridae). Twenty nonnative species were present. Seventy-two native species have persisted, but the pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) is endangered and a few other species (e.g., native minnows) may be in decline.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Great Plains Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10525165","usgsCitation":"Berry, C.R., and Young, B., 2004, Fishes of the Missouri national recreational river, South Dakota and Nebraska: Great Plains Research, v. 14, no. 1, p. 89-114.","startPage":"89","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268121,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch/690/"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10b9e4b0c8380cd53da1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berry, C. R. Jr.","contributorId":39167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, B.","contributorId":47893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026856,"text":"70026856 - 2004 - Optimizing correlation techniques for improved earthquake location","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-08T13:31:53.747558","indexId":"70026856","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimizing correlation techniques for improved earthquake location","docAbstract":"Earthquake location using relative arrival time measurements can lead to dramatically reduced location errors and a view of fault-zone processes with unprecedented detail. There are two principal reasons why this approach reduces location errors. The first is that the use of differenced arrival times to solve for the vector separation of earthquakes removes from the earthquake location problem much of the error due to unmodeled velocity structure. The second reason, on which we focus in this article, is that waveform cross correlation can substantially reduce measurement error. While cross correlation has long been used to determine relative arrival times with subsample precision, we extend correlation measurements to less similar waveforms, and we introduce a general quantitative means to assess when correlation data provide an improvement over catalog phase picks. We apply the technique to local earthquake data from the Calaveras Fault in northern California. Tests for an example streak of 243 earthquakes demonstrate that relative arrival times with normalized cross correlation coefficients as low as ∼70%, interevent separation distances as large as to 2 km, and magnitudes up to 3.5 as recorded on the Northern California Seismic Network are more precise than relative arrival times determined from catalog phase data. Also discussed are improvements made to the correlation technique itself. We find that for large time offsets, our implementation of time-domain cross correlation is often more robust and that it recovers more observations than the cross spectral approach. Longer time windows give better results than shorter ones. Finally, we explain how thresholds and empirical weighting functions may be derived to optimize the location procedure for any given region of interest, taking advantage of the respective strengths of diverse correlation and catalog phase data on different length scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020238","usgsCitation":"Schaff, D.P., Bokelmann, G.H., Ellsworth, W., Zanzerkia, E., Waldhauser, F., and Beroza, G., 2004, Optimizing correlation techniques for improved earthquake location: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 2, p. 705-721, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020238.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"705","endPage":"721","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f01e4b0c8380cd758e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaff, David P.","contributorId":146736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaff","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bokelmann, G. H. R.","contributorId":64422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bokelmann","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. 0000-0001-8378-4979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8378-4979","contributorId":194691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zanzerkia, E.","contributorId":50332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zanzerkia","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waldhauser, Felix","contributorId":59106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldhauser","given":"Felix","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beroza, Gregory C.","contributorId":10713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beroza","given":"Gregory C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70026819,"text":"70026819 - 2004 - Habitat restoration across large areas: Assessing wildlife responses in the Clearwater basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-01T15:18:10.909126","indexId":"70026819","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3744,"text":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat restoration across large areas: Assessing wildlife responses in the Clearwater basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"Over the past century, fire suppression and prevention have altered disturbance regimes across the Pacific Northwest, resulting in a significant divergence of historical and current conditions in forested habitats. To address this continuing trend in habitat changes and begin restoring historical patterns of disturbance, the Clearwater Basin Elk Habitat Initiative (CEI) proposes relatively extensive management actions in the Clearwater basin of north-central Idaho. We attempted to evaluate potential effects of such management actions on selected wildlife species using extant data sets and suggest ways to improve such projects with respect to a multispecies and adaptive management approach. Although there is increased interest in ecosystem management over large areas, the increased scale of analysis and implementation require a substantial increase in the level of species information beyond what currently exists. We conclude that baseline information required for an effective multispecies land-management policy in the Clearwater basin does not exist for many terrestrial wildlife species. To implement a true multispecies or ecosystem approach, wildlife and land managers should cooperate to increase existing population data and modeling efforts for wildlife species in the basin and develop a sustainable monitoring program to evaluate habitat management changes and their influence on wildlife populations within the context of adaptive management theory. Management actions to restore disturbance patterns should attempt spatial and temporal scales that are biologically relevant to the population ecology of species being affected.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/wjaf/19.2.123","usgsCitation":"Scanvara, L., Servheen, G., Melquist, W., Davis, D., and Scott, J.M., 2004, Habitat restoration across large areas: Assessing wildlife responses in the Clearwater basin, Idaho: Western Journal of Applied Forestry, v. 19, no. 2, p. 123-132, https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/19.2.123.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"132","costCenters":[{"id":342,"text":"Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478207,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/19.2.123","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.09228515624999,\n 45.62940492064501\n ],\n [\n -114.14794921875,\n 45.62940492064501\n ],\n [\n -114.14794921875,\n 46.84516443029276\n ],\n [\n -117.09228515624999,\n 46.84516443029276\n ],\n [\n -117.09228515624999,\n 45.62940492064501\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f1de4b0c8380cd5cad4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scanvara, L.K.","contributorId":54386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanvara","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Servheen, G.","contributorId":7479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Servheen","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melquist, W.","contributorId":45093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melquist","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, D.","contributorId":85747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scott, J. M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027223,"text":"70027223 - 2004 - Herbicide concentrations in the Mississippi River basin: The importance of chloroacetanilide herbicide degradates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:25:22","indexId":"70027223","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Herbicide concentrations in the Mississippi River basin: The importance of chloroacetanilide herbicide degradates","docAbstract":"The proportion of chloroacetanilide herbicide degradates, specifically the ethane sulfonic (ESA) and oxanilic (OA) acids, averaged 70% of the total herbicide concentration in samples from the Upper Mississippi River. In samples from the Missouri River and the Ohio River, the proportion of chloroacetanilide degradates in the total herbicide concentration was much less, 24% and 41%, respectively. The amount of tile drainage throughout the Mississippi River Basin appeared to be related to the occurrence and distribution of chloroacetanilide degradates in water samples. Pesticide concentrations in streams of the Mississippi River Basin have been well characterized. However, recent research demonstrates that in order to more fully understand the fate and transport of pesticides, the major pesticide degradates need to be included in the analysis. From March 1999 through May 2001, water samples from four major junctures of the Mississippi River Basin were collected and analyzed for a suite of herbicides and their degradate compounds. Each sampling site was selected to represent a major part of the Mississippi River: upper and lower Mississippi, Missouri and Ohio Rivers. Each basin has unique landscape variables, geology, hydrology, precipitation, and land use, which is reflected in the pesticide content at the most downstream sample site near the mouth of the Mississippi River. Atrazine was the most frequently detected herbicide (detected in 97% of the samples), followed by metolachlor (60%), and acetochlor (31%). The most frequently detected degradates were metolachlor ESA (69%), followed by deethylatrazine (62%), metolachlor OA (37%), and alachlor ESA (37%). Metolachlor ESA was detected more frequently than its parent compound (69 vs. 60%), as was alachlor ESA (37 vs. 9%). After an improvement was made in the analytical method, metolachlor ESA was detected in every sample, metolachlor OA in 89% of the samples, alachlor ESA in 84%, acetochlor ESA in 71%, and acetochlor OA in 66%.
We present a self-consistent model for the interior of Io, taking the recent Galileo data into account. In this model, Io has a completely molten core, substantially molten mantle, and a very cold lithosphere. Heat from magmatic activity can mobilize volatile compounds such as SO2 in the lithosphere, and the movement of such cryogenic fluids may be important in the formation of surface features including sapping scarps and paterae.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2004.01.005","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Keszthelyi, L., Jaeger, W.L., Turtle, E.P., Milazzo, M.P., and Radebaugh, J., 2004, A post-Galileo view of Io's interior: Icarus, v. 169, no. 1, p. 271-286, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.01.005.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"286","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209178,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.01.005"}],"volume":"169","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4e5e4b0c8380cd469e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaeger, Windy L.","contributorId":61679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Windy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turtle, Elizabeth P.","contributorId":45443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turtle","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Milazzo, Moses P. 0000-0002-9101-2191 moses@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-2191","contributorId":4811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milazzo","given":"Moses","email":"moses@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Radebaugh, Jani","contributorId":101792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radebaugh","given":"Jani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027264,"text":"70027264 - 2004 - Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, with notes on body color and development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70027264","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, with notes on body color and development","docAbstract":"We observed Suwannee River Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, in the laboratory and found free embryos (first interval after hatching) hid under rocks and did not migrate. Thus, wild embryos should be at the spawning area. Larvae (first interval feeding exogenously) initiated a slow downstream migration, and some juveniles (interval with adult features) continued to migrate slowly for at least 5 months, e.g., a 1-step long larva-juvenile migration. No other population of sturgeon yet studied has this migration style. A conceptual model using this result suggests wild year-0 sturgeon have a variable downstream migration style with short-duration (short distance) migrants and long-duration (long distance) migrants. This migration style should widely disperse wild fish. The model is supported by field studies that found year-0 juveniles are widely dispersed in fresh water to river km 10. Thus, laboratory and field data agree that the entire freshwater reach of river downstream of spawning is nursery habitat. Foraging position of larvae and early juveniles was mostly on the bottom, but fish also spent hours holding position in the water column, an unusual feeding location for sturgeons. The holding position of fish above the bottom suggests benthic forage in the river is scarce and fish have evolved drift feeding. The unusual migration and foraging styles may be adaptations to rear in a river at the southern limit of the species range with poor rearing habitat (low abundance of benthic forage and high summer water temperatures). Suwannee River Gulf sturgeon and Hudson River Atlantic sturgeon, A. o. oxyrinchus, are similar for initiation of migration, early habitat preference, and diel migration. The two subspecies differ greatly for migration and foraging styles, which is likely related to major differences in the quality of rearing habitat. The differences between Atlantic sturgeon populations show the need for geographical studies to represent the behavior of an entire species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022855.96143.95","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Kynard, B., and Parker, E., 2004, Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, with notes on body color and development: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 70, no. 1, p. 43-55, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022855.96143.95.","startPage":"43","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487486,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/b:ebfi.0000022855.96143.95","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209250,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022855.96143.95"},{"id":235525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e51e4b0c8380cd755b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kynard, B.","contributorId":51232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, E.","contributorId":101429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026826,"text":"70026826 - 2004 - LIDAR optical rugosity of coral reefs in Biscayne National Park, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70026826","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"LIDAR optical rugosity of coral reefs in Biscayne National Park, Florida","docAbstract":"The NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), a temporal waveform-resolving, airborne, green wavelength LIDAR (light detection and ranging), is designed to measure the submeter-scale topography of shallow reef substrates. Topographic variability is a prime component of habitat complexity, an ecological factor that both expresses and controls the abundance and distribution of many reef organisms. Following the acquisition of EAARL coverage over both mid-platform patch reefs and shelf-margin bank reefs within Biscayne National Park in August 2002, EAARL-based optical indices of topographic variability were evaluated at 15 patch reef and bank reef sites. Several sites were selected to match reefs previously evaluated in situ along underwater video and belt transects. The analysis used large populations of submarine topographic transects derived from the examination of closely spaced laser spot reflections along LIDAR raster scans. At all 15 sites, each LIDAR transect was evaluated separately to determine optical rugosity (Rotran), and the average elevation difference between adjacent points (Av(??E ap)). Further, the whole-site mean and maximum values of Ro tran and Av(??Eap) for the entire population of transects at each analysis site, along with their standard deviations, were calculated. This study revealed that the greater habitat complexity of inshore patch reefs versus outer bank reefs results in relative differences in topographic complexity that can be discerned in the laser returns. Accordingly, LIDAR sensing of optical rugosity is proposed as a complementary new technique for the rapid assessment of shallow coral reefs. ?? Springer-Verlag 2004.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coral Reefs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00338-003-0365-7","issn":"07224028","usgsCitation":"Brock, J.C., Wright, C.W., Clayton, T., and Nayegandhi, A., 2004, LIDAR optical rugosity of coral reefs in Biscayne National Park, Florida: Coral Reefs, v. 23, no. 1, p. 48-59, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-003-0365-7.","startPage":"48","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209136,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-003-0365-7"},{"id":235351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40e3e4b0c8380cd6510f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, J. C.","contributorId":36095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, C. W. wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":49758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clayton, T.D.","contributorId":78037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nayegandhi, A.","contributorId":95578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027255,"text":"70027255 - 2004 - Tritium hydrology of the Mississippi River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-04T12:50:08","indexId":"70027255","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tritium hydrology of the Mississippi River basin","docAbstract":"In the early 1960s, the US Geological Survey began routinely analysing river water samples for tritium concentrations at locations within the Mississippi River basin. The sites included the main stem of the Mississippi River (at Luling Ferry, Louisiana), and three of its major tributaries, the Ohio River (at Markland Dam, Kentucky), the upper Missouri River (at Nebraska City, Nebraska) and the Arkansas River (near Van Buren, Arkansas). The measurements cover the period during the peak of the bomb-produced tritium transient when tritium concentrations in precipitation rose above natural levels by two to three orders of magnitude. Using measurements of tritium concentrations in precipitation, a tritium input function was established for the river basins above the Ohio River, Missouri River and Arkansas River sampling locations. Owing to the extent of the basin above the Luling Ferry site, no input function was developed for that location. The input functions for the Ohio and Missouri Rivers were then used in a two-component mixing model to estimate residence times of water within these two basins. (The Arkansas River was not modelled because of extremely large yearly variations in flow during the peak of the tritium transient.) The two components used were: (i) recent precipitation (prompt outflow) and (ii) waters derived from the long-term groundwater reservoir of the basin. The tritium concentration of the second component is a function of the atmospheric input and the residence times of the groundwaters within the basin. Using yearly time periods, the parameters of the model were varied until a best fit was obtained between modelled and measured tritium data. The results from the model indicate that about 40% of the flow in the Ohio River was from prompt outflow, as compared with 10% for the Missouri River. Mean residence times of 10 years were calculated for the groundwater component of the Ohio River versus 4 years for the Missouri River. The mass flux of tritium through the Mississippi Basin and its tributaries was calculated during the years that tritium measurements were made. The cumulative fluxes, calculated in grams of 3II were: (i) 160 g for the Ohio (1961-1986), (ii) 98 g for the upper Missouri (1963-1997), (iii) 30 g for the Arkansas (1961-1997) and (iv) 780 g for the Mississippi (1961-1997). Published in 2004 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1403","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Michel, R.L., 2004, Tritium hydrology of the Mississippi River basin: Hydrological Processes, v. 18, no. 7, p. 1255-1269, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1403.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1255","endPage":"1269","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478112,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1229196","text":"External Repository"},{"id":235419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.537109375,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -92.724609375,\n 38.89103282648846\n ],\n [\n -92.548828125,\n 34.08906131584994\n ],\n [\n -92.63671875,\n 30.524413269923986\n ],\n [\n -91.845703125,\n 29.84064389983441\n ],\n [\n -90.615234375,\n 28.459033019728043\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 29.22889003019423\n ],\n [\n -89.56054687499999,\n 34.23451236236987\n ],\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -89.56054687499999,\n 44.15068115978094\n ],\n [\n -92.46093749999999,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n -96.240234375,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -95.537109375,\n 45.336701909968134\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb86de4b08c986b327858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027506,"text":"70027506 - 2004 - Rehabilitation of a lignite mine-disturbed area in the Indian Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027506","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2597,"text":"Land Degradation and Development","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rehabilitation of a lignite mine-disturbed area in the Indian Desert","docAbstract":"Extensive lignite mining in the Indian (Thar) Desert commenced within the past decade. Accompanying extraction of this valuable resource there have been visible, important environmental impacts. The resultant land degradation has prompted concern from both public and regulatory bodies. This research assesses the success of rehabilitation plans implemented to revegetate a lignite mine-disturbed area, near the village of Giral in western Rajasthan State. Rehabilitation success was achieved within the environmental constraints of this northwest Indian hot-desert ecosystem using a combination of: (1) backfilling (abandoned pits) with minespoil and of covering the backfilled-surfaces with fresh topsoil to a thickness of about 0??30 m; (2) use of micro-catchment rainwater harvesting (MCWH) technique; (3) soil profile modification approaches; (4) plant establishment methodologies; and (5) the selection of appropriate germplasm material (trees, shrubs and grasses). Preliminary results indicate that the resulting vegetative cover will be capable of self-perpetuation under natural conditions while at the same time meeting the land-use requirements of the local people. The minespoil is alkaline in nature and has high electrical conductance. The average content of organic carbon, N, P and K is lower than in the regional topsoil. However, the concentration of Ca, Mg, Na and total S in the minespoil is much higher than in the topsoil. Further, the spoil material has no biological activity. Enhanced plant growth was achieved in MCWH plots, compared to control plots, where minespoil moisture storage was improved by 18-43 per cent. The rehabilitation protocol used at the site appears to have been successful because, in addition to the planted species, desirable native invasive species have become established. This study developed methods for the rehabilitation of lignite mine-disturbed areas and has also resulted in an understanding of rehabilitation processes in arid regions with an emphasis on the long-term monitoring of rehabilitation success. ?? 2004 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Land Degradation and Development","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/ldr.601","issn":"10853278","usgsCitation":"Sharma, K., Kumar, P., Gough, L.P., and SanFilipo, J., 2004, Rehabilitation of a lignite mine-disturbed area in the Indian Desert: Land Degradation and Development, v. 15, no. 2, p. 163-176, https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.601.","startPage":"163","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210973,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.601"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a5fee4b0e8fec6cdc059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharma, K.D.","contributorId":53545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharma","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kumar, P.","contributorId":45476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"SanFilipo, J.R. 0000-0002-8739-5628","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5628","contributorId":27074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"SanFilipo","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027503,"text":"70027503 - 2004 - Guidelines for managing lesser prairie-chicken populations and their habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027503","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Guidelines for managing lesser prairie-chicken populations and their habitats","docAbstract":"Lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) populations have declined by >90% since the 1800s. These declines have concerned both biologists and private conservation groups and led to a petition to list the lesser prairie-chicken as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Most of the land in the current range of the lesser prairie-chicken is privately owned, and declines have been primarily attributed to anthropogenic factors. Conversion of native rangeland to cropland and excessive grazing have been implicated as leading causes in the species' decline. Periodic drought probably has exacerbated these problems. Little research on habitat requirements was conducted prior to 1970. Despite recent advances in the knowledge of lesser prairie-chicken ecology, no comprehensive guidelines for management of the species have been published. In these guidelines, we provide a synopsis of our current knowledge of lesser prairie-chicken habitat requirements and suggest management strategies to monitor, maintain, and enhance lesser prairie-chicken populations.","largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Hagen, C., Jamison, B., Giesen, K., and Riley, T., 2004, Guidelines for managing lesser prairie-chicken populations and their habitats, in Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 32, no. 1, p. 69-82.","startPage":"69","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2e3ee4b0c8380cd5c3e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagen, C.A.","contributorId":86526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagen","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jamison, B.E.","contributorId":102831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jamison","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giesen, K.M.","contributorId":57262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giesen","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riley, T.Z.","contributorId":74948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"T.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}