In this study, data characteristics for composited, multitemporal Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data sets for Alaska were assessed for a 7- year period from 1991 to 1997. This involved consideration of the satellite sensors used, data processing performed, and data set compilation, along with an analysis of acquisition date, solar zenith angle, satellite viewing angle, presence of clouds, and registration accuracy for each year. Each year?s worth of data are available on CD-ROM in byte format. All data sets have an initial start date of April 1, but had varying ending dates (mid-September to late October) because of satellite sensor malfunction or the presence of clouds or snow; no data set extended beyond October 31. Satellite scan angles were summarized in seven categories: data obtained at nadir, data within 30, 40, and 55 degrees of nadir, data greater than 55 degrees off nadir, and proportions of the data representing east or west look angles. Minimum, maximum, and average solar zenith angles were provided for each period. Estimates of cloud cover for each period were based on three tests: reflectance gross cloud test, channel 3 minus channel 4, and channel 4 minus channel 5. Registration accuracy was estimated using a gray-level autocorrelation technique. Results of this investigation indicate that the composited data available on CD-ROM should be useful for a number of different regional assessments of Earth cover properties. However, caution is advised when using these data because (1) loss in precision from the conversion to a byte format, (2) low sun angles and high viewing angles in the September and October data, and (3) registration inaccuracies of 2 to 8 pixels.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","doi":"10.3133/ofr99401","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Markon, C., 1999, Characteristics of the Alaskan 1-Km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data sets used for analysis of vegetation biophysical properties: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-401, iii, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99401.","productDescription":"iii, 86 p.","numberOfPages":"90","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":53018,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0401/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0401/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4f1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markon, Carl J.","contributorId":80305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26706,"text":"wri984151 - 1999 - Traveltimes along Clear Creek and selected tributaries upstream from Golden, Colorado, 1996-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:25:01","indexId":"wri984151","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4151","title":"Traveltimes along Clear Creek and selected tributaries upstream from Golden, Colorado, 1996-97","docAbstract":"Increased traffic along mountainous stretches of Interstate Highway 70, U.S. Highway 40, and U.S. Highway 6 in Colorado has resulted in a corresponding increase in the movement of hazardous materials. The proximity of Clear Creek and its tributaries to these highways places downstream water users at risk in the event of an accidental hazardous-material release. A traveltime study was performed on two reaches of Clear Creek and two of its tributaries to provide the necessary information to allow downstream water managers to protect water supplies in the event of a hazardous-material release. The information also can be used by hazardous-materialresponse teams to intercept contaminants as they move downstream. This report summarizes the methods and findings of the traveltime study.
Traveltime measurements were made using rhodamine-WT dye as a tracer in two reaches of Clear Creek and two Clear Creek tributaries in Clear Creek and Jefferson Counties, Colorado. The reaches were Clear Creek from the town of Berthoud Falls to the city limits of Golden; Clear Creek from the eastern edge of the Loveland Basin Ski Area parking lot to the town of Georgetown; the headwaters of two Clear Creek tributaries near Loveland Pass to the Loveland Valley Ski Area; and two unnamed tributaries of Hoop Creek (a tributary of Clear Creek) near Berthoud Pass to the confluence with the West Fork of Clear Creek. Measurements were made at three times of the year to obtain data from different flow conditions.
Traveltime and average velocities were determined for each stream reach. During high flow, dye-cloud leading-edge traveltimes ranged from about 0.6 hour along the Loveland Pass to the Loveland Valley Ski Area drainage to about 8.8 hours between Berthoud Falls and Golden. During low flow, leading-edge traveltimes ranged from about 2.6 hours along the same drainage from Loveland Pass to about 28.6 hours between Berthoud Falls and Golden. Average velocity between the Loveland Pass sites ranged from about 1.3 miles per hour during high flow to about 0.3 mile per hour during low flow. Average velocities between Berthoud Falls and Golden ranged from about 4.4 miles per hour during high flow to about 1.3 miles per hour during low flow.
A curve-fitting program was used to fit Lorentz and Gaussian distributions to the data generated from the traveltime measurements. Because discrete (not continuous) traveltime measurements were made, an estimate of the actual time of the leading edge, peak, and trailing edge needed to be determined from the sample data. The curve-fitting program provided the means to calculate the timing of events (leading edge, peak, and trailing edge) that were not precisely measured. Calculated leading-edge, peak, and trailing-edge times were used to generate a series of graphs for each study reach.
Traveltime estimation tables were generated from the data for a range of Clear Creek discharges. Because of the high variability of discharge within the basin, the Lawson surface-water gage located near the center of the basin was used as the reference location. Discharge measurements for the Lawson gage are available on the Internet, which can be accessed by most hazardous-material-team dispatchers. Traveltimes determined during the individual studies were plotted against the corresponding discharge at the reference location. A curve-fitting program was used to generate a series of curves, which were used to produce traveltime estimation tables.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984151","usgsCitation":"Cuffin, S.M., 1999, Traveltimes along Clear Creek and selected tributaries upstream from Golden, Colorado, 1996-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4151, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984151.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359008,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4151/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4151/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Golden","otherGeospatial":"Clear Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.8833,\n 39.625\n ],\n [\n -105.23,\n 39.625\n ],\n [\n -105.23,\n 39.875\n ],\n [\n -105.8833,\n 39.875\n ],\n [\n -105.8833,\n 39.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db62699e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cuffin, Sally M.","contributorId":93945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuffin","given":"Sally","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30113,"text":"wri994048 - 1999 - Hydrogeologic assessment of the Sequim-Dungeness area, Clallam County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-17T21:11:51.159631","indexId":"wri994048","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4048","title":"Hydrogeologic assessment of the Sequim-Dungeness area, Clallam County, Washington","docAbstract":"The Sequim-Dungeness area covers\n116 square miles (mi2) on the northern part of the\nOlympic Peninsula in northwestern Washington.\nThe central part of this area (74 mi2) was designated\nas a primary study area. During the past two\ndecades, the population has rapidly increased, land\nuse has changed from mostly agricultural to residential,\nand salmon populations in the Dungeness River\nhave appreciably declined. The increasing competition\nfor water combined with a close relation\nbetween ground water, the Dungeness River, and an\nextensive irrigation system has created a need for a\nbetter understanding of ground water and the relation\nbetween ground water and surface water in the study\narea.
\nThe Sequim-Dungeness area is underlain\nby as much as 2,000 feet of unconsolidated\nQuaternary deposits that are mostly of glacial origin.\nInterpretation of 10 hydrogeologic cross sections\nand lithologic logs of about 600 wells led to the\ndelineation of three aquifers, two confining beds, and\na lower unit of undifferentiated deposits. A bedrock\nunit at the bottom is considered the base of the\nground-water system.
\nGround water in the study area is recharged\nfrom infiltration and percolation of precipitaton, percolation\nof unconsumed irrigation water, leakage\nfrom irrigation ditches, subsurface inflow through\nthe southern study-area boundary, and leakage from\nstreams. Average annual recharge for the study\nperiod (December 1995 to September 1997) was\nestimated to be 17.7 inches (in.) ( 151 cubic feet per\nsecond (ft3/s)). The distribution of recharge was\n8.6 in. (74 ft3fs) from precipitation, 2.7 in. (23 ft3/s)\nfrom subsurface inflow, 3.1 in. (26 ft3/s) from irrigation,\nand 3.3 in. (28 ft3/s) from leakage from the\nDungeness River. The 8.6 in. of recharge from precipitation\nis much higher than would be expected in\nan average year because average annual precipitation\nduring the study period was about 28 in., which\nis 1.35 times higher than long-term average annual precipitation.\nThe long-term average annual\nrecharge from precipitation was estimated to be\n5.4 in. (48 ft3/s).
\nGround water discharges as subsurface flow\nto saltwater bodies, flow to streams, flow to springs,\nand as withdrawals from wells. Subsurface flow to\nsaltwater bodies and flow to springs were not estimated\nin this study. Estimated average annual discharge\nwas 3.2 inches (in.) (27 ft3/s)) to the\nDungeness River and 4.6 in. (39 ft3/s) to other\nstreams in the study area. Gross withdrawals from\nwells in 1996 were estimated to be 1.0 in. (8.4 ft3/s).
\nThere was a small but statistically significant\nincrease in nitrate concentrations in ground water\nfrom 1980 to 1996. Median concentrations in the\nprimary study area were 0.37 milligrams per liter\n(mg/L) in 1980 and 0.46 mg/L in 1996. The areal\npattern of elevated nitrate concentrations has not\nchanged appreciably during the past 15 years. Elevated\nconcentrations were found in a large area east\nof the Dungeness River and at scattered locations\nwest of the Dungeness River.
\nAbout 543,200 pounds of nitrogen are estimated\nto enter the ground-water system in the primary\nstudy area each year. Four sources account for\nabout 85 percent of the nitrogen; residential fertilizers,\nseptic systems, mineralization of soil organic\nmatter, and agricultural fertilizers .. It appears that the\nfour major sources are approximately equivalent in\namounts of nitrogen.
\nConcentrations of nitrate in the shallow aquifer\nwere significantly higher under residential areas\nthan under natural grasslands or forests. Median\nnitrate concentrations were 1.3 mg/L under residential\nareas, 0.55 mg/L under agricultural areas, and\n0.12 mg/L under natural grasslands or forests.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tacoma, WA","doi":"10.3133/wri994048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Clallam County Department of Community Development and Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Thomas, B.E., Goodman, L.A., and Olsen, T.D., 1999, Hydrogeologic assessment of the Sequim-Dungeness area, Clallam County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4048, vi, 165 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994048.","productDescription":"vi, 165 p.","numberOfPages":"173","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286650,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400737,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18914.htm"},{"id":286649,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4048/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Clallam County","otherGeospatial":"Sequim-Dungeness Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.375,48.0 ], [ -123.375,48.125 ], [ -123.0,48.125 ], [ -123.0,48.0 ], [ -123.375,48.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628cca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Blakemore E.","contributorId":93871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Blakemore","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodman, Layna A.","contributorId":14462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodman","given":"Layna","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olsen, Theresa D. 0000-0003-4099-4057 tdolsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-4057","contributorId":1644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Theresa","email":"tdolsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27315,"text":"wri984142 - 1999 - Ground water and surface water in the Haiku area, East Maui, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-27T22:25:24.461913","indexId":"wri984142","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4142","displayTitle":"Ground Water and Surface Water in the Haiku Area, East Maui, Hawaii","title":"Ground water and surface water in the Haiku area, East Maui, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The Haiku study area lies on the gently sloping eastern flank of the East Maui Volcano (Haleakala) between the drainage basins of Maliko Gulch to the west and Kakipi Gulch to the east. The study area lies on the northwest rift zone of East Maui Volcano, a geologic feature 3 to 5 miles wide marked by surface expressions such as cinder, spatter, and pumice cones. The study area contains two geologic units, the main shield-building stage Honomanu Basalt and the Kula Volcanics. The hydraulic conductivity of the Honomanu Basalt was estimated to be between 1,000 and 3,600 feet per day on the basis of aquifer tests and 3,300 feet per day on the basis of the regional recharge rate and observed ground-water heads. The hydraulic conductivity of the Kula Volcanics is expected to be several orders of magnitude lower.\r\n\r\nAn estimated 191 million gallons per day of rainfall and 22 million gallons per day of fog drip reach the study area and about 98 million gallons per day enters the ground-water system as recharge. Nearly all of the ground water currently withdrawn in the study area is from well 5520-01 in Maliko Gulch, where historic withdrawal rates have averaged about 2.8 million gallons per day. An additional 18 million gallons per day of ground-water withdrawal is proposed.\r\n\r\nFlow in Waiohiwi Gulch, a tributary to Maliko Gulch, is perennial between about 2,000 ft and 4,000 ft altitude. At lower altitudes in Maliko Gulch, flow is perennial at only a few spots downstream of springs and near the coast. The Kuiaha and Kaupakulua Gulch systems are usually dry from sea level to an altitude of 350 feet and gain water from about 350 feet to about 900 feet altitude. The two main branches of the Kaupakulua Gulch system alternately gain and lose water as high as 2,400 feet altitude. Kakipi Gulch has perennial flow over much of its length but is often dry near the coast below 400 feet altitude.\r\n\r\nFresh ground water occurs in two main forms: (1) as perched high-level water held up by relatively low-permeability geologic layers, and (2) as a freshwater lens floating on denser, underlying saltwater. The rocks beneath the contact between the Kula Volcanics and the underlying Honomanu Basalt and above the freshwater lens appear to be unsaturated on the basis of several observations: (1) streams are dry or losing water where they are incised into the Honomanu Basalt, (2) the hydraulic conductivity of the Honomanu Basalt is too high to support a thick ground-water lens given the estimated recharge to the study area, and (3) wells that penetrate through the contact have encountered conditions of cascading water from above the contact and dry lava tubes in the Honomanu Basalt. More than 90 percent of the recharge to the study area is estimated to flow downward through the perched high-level water body to reach the freshwater lens.\r\n\r\nA cross-sectional, steady-state, variably saturated ground-water flow model using the computer code VS2DT was constructed to evaluate whether a two-layer, variably saturated ground-water flow system could exist given the hydrologic and geologic conditions of the Haiku study area. Using 25 inches per year of recharge and hydraulic characteristics representative of the Kula Volcanics and the Honomanu Basalt, the model demonstrates that a 13-foot thick geologic layer with a saturated vertical hydraulic conductivity less than 6.6Y10-2 feet per day can impede vertical ground-water flow enough to produce two separate saturated zones with an unsaturated zone between them. Subsequent lower vertical hydraulic conductivity values for the impeding layer allow even less water to reach the lower layer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984142","usgsCitation":"Gingerich, S.B., 1999, Ground water and surface water in the Haiku area, East Maui, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4142, iv, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984142.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4142/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95631,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4142/report.pdf","size":"7493","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.43707275390625,\n 20.732997212795915\n ],\n [\n -156.1651611328125,\n 20.732997212795915\n ],\n [\n -156.1651611328125,\n 20.969133867372147\n ],\n [\n -156.43707275390625,\n 20.969133867372147\n ],\n [\n -156.43707275390625,\n 20.732997212795915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66de37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gingerich, Stephen B. 0000-0002-4381-0746 sbginger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-0746","contributorId":1426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"Stephen","email":"sbginger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25402,"text":"wri984143 - 1999 - Areal studies aid protection of ground-water quality in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-04T12:24:40.745538","indexId":"wri984143","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4143","displayTitle":"Areal Studies Aid Protection of Ground-Water Quality in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin","title":"Areal studies aid protection of ground-water quality in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin","docAbstract":"In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, initiated studies designed to characterize the ground-water quality and hydrogeology in northern Illinois, and southern and eastern Wisconsin (with a focus on the north-central Illinois cities of Belvidere and Rockford, and the Calumet region of northeastern Illinois and northwestern Indiana). These areas are considered especially susceptible to ground-water contamination because of the high density of industrial and waste-disposal sites and the shallow depth to the unconsolidated sand and gravel aquifers and the fractured, carbonate bedrock aquifers that underlie the areas. The data and conceptual models of ground-water flow and contaminant distribution and movement developed as part of the studies have allowed Federal, State, and local agencies to better manage, protect, and restore the water supplies of the areas.
Water-quality, hydrologic, geologic, and geophysical data collected as part of these areal studies indicate that industrial contaminants are present locally in the aquifers underlying the areas. Most of the contaminants, particularly those at concentrations that exceeded regulatory water-quality levels, were detected in the sand and gravel aquifers near industrial or waste-disposal sites. In water from water-supply wells, the contaminants that were present generally were at concentrations below regulatory levels. The organic compounds detected most frequently at concentrations near or above regulatory levels varied by area. Trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (volatile chlorinated compounds) were most prevalent in north-central Illinois; benzene (a petroleum-related compound) was most prevalent in the Calumet region. Differences in the type of organic compounds that were detected in each area likely reflect differences in the types of industrial sites that predominate in the areas. Nickel and aluminum were the trace metals detected most frequently at concentrations above regulatory levels in both areas. Contaminants in the shallow sand and gravel aquifers and carbonate aquifers appear to have moved with ground water discharging to local lakes, streams, and wetlands. Ground-water flow and possibly contaminant movement is concentrated in the weathered surface zones and in deeper fractures of the carbonate aquifers underlying both areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984143","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Mills, P., Kay, R.T., Brown, T.A., and Yeskis, D.J., 1999, Areal studies aid protection of ground-water quality in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4143, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984143.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1953,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4143/wrir98_4143.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.88 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 98–4143"},{"id":157775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4143/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -90.87890625,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -89.912109375,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -89.033203125,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -85.69335937499999,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -84.990234375,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -84.83642578125,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -86.63818359375,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -87.451171875,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -87.73681640625,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -87.69287109375,\n 43.78695837311561\n ],\n [\n -86.7919921875,\n 45.506346901083425\n ],\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 45.336701909968134\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
The South Florida Ecosystem Program is a collaborative effort by Federal agencies, working with State and local agencies, to help resolve land-use demands and water-supply issues in south Florida. The role of the U.S. Geological Survey in the program is to provide scientific insight into south Florida's hydrology and geology, which are an integral part of the fragile ecosystems of the Everglades, Florida Bay, and the Florida Keys. Historical changes in water-management practices to accommodate a large and rapidly growing urban population along the Atlantic coast, as well as intensive agricultural activities, have resulted in a highly managed hydrologic system with canals, levees, and pumping stations. These structures have altered the hydrology of the Everglades ecosystem, including Florida Bay. Currently, there are plans to change the quantity of water delivered to Everglades National Park and Florida Bay to restore the natural flow of the system.
Florida Bay, home to several endangered species, is a valuable breeding ground for marine life and an important recreational and sport fishing area. Florida Bay encompasses about 850 square miles in total area with an average depth of less than 3.5 feet. It is bordered by the mainland portion of Everglades National Park to the north, the Florida Keys to the east and south, and is open to the Gulf of Mexico to the west. During the last decade, Florida Bay has experienced algal blooms and seagrass die-offs which are signals of ecological deterioration that has been attributed to an increase in salinity and nutrient content of bay waters. Salinity and nutrient content are directly related to the amount and quality of freshwater that enters the bay and to flow patterns within the bay. Restoration of the Florida Bay ecosystem requires a better understanding of the linkage between the amount of water and nutrients flowing into the bay and the salinity and quality of the bay environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs13596","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, Freshwater Discharge to Florida Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 1996–135, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13596.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123047,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0135/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":517,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0135/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.26866109562512,\n 25.360434861416195\n ],\n [\n -81.82431518557821,\n 25.360434861416195\n ],\n [\n -81.82431518557821,\n 24.51407355119764\n ],\n [\n -80.26866109562512,\n 24.51407355119764\n ],\n [\n -80.26866109562512,\n 25.360434861416195\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Revision - June 1996","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
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U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
This CD-ROM contains copies of the navigation and field water gun subbottom data collected aboard the F/V Alpha & Omega II. The USGS Cruise ALPH98013 was conducted from 10-22 September, 1998, and is a collaborative involving the U.S Army Corps of Engineers, New York District and the United States Geological SurveyCoastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Field Center.
In 1995, the USGS, in cooperation with the U.S Army Corps of Engineers (USACOE), New York District, began a program to generate reconnaissance maps of the sea floor offshore of the New York-New Jersey metropolitan area, one of the most populated coastal regions of the United States. The goal of this mapping program is to provide a regional synthesis of the sea-floor environment, including a description of sedimentary environments, sediment texture, sea-floor morphology, and geologic history to aid in understanding the impacts of anthropogenic activities, such as ocean dumping. This mapping effort differs from previous studies of this area by obtaining digital, sidescan sonar images that cover 100 percent of the sea floor.
This investigation was motivated by the need to develop an environmentally acceptable solution for the disposal of dredged material from the New York - New Jersey Port, by the need to identify potential sources of sand for renourishment of the southern shore of Long island, and by the opportunity to develop a better understanding of the transport and long-term fate of contaminants by investigations of the present distribution of materials discharged into the New York Bight over the last 100+ years (Schwab and others, 1997).
Sidescan-sonar data collected during USGS Cruises Seax95007 and Seax96004 (May 1995 and May 1996, respectively) were digitally mosaicked to provide a base suitable for use in Geographic Information Systems of the New York Bight Apex region. During USGS Cruise Alph98013, supplemental sidescan sonar and seismic reflection data were collected within the New York Bight Apex region, primarily to augment the seismic reflection portion of the mapping project. Additional sidescan sonar and seismic reflection data were collected east of the Seax95007 and Seax96004 survey areas. These data abut sidescan sonar and seismic reflection data collected off the Southern Long Island shoreline during USGS Cruises Dian96040, Dian97011, and Dian97032 (September 1996, May 1997, October 1997, respectively).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99395","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Foster, D., Schwab, W.C., Danforth, W.W., Denny, J.F., Hill, J.C., Irwin, B., Nichols, D., and O’Brien, T., 1999, Archive of 15 cubic inch water gun data collected during USGS Cruise ALPH98013, New York Bight, 10-22, September, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-395, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99395.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153693,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0395/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":259843,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0395/index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679dee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, D.S.","contributorId":30641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danforth, W. W.","contributorId":16386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denny, J. F.","contributorId":13653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hill, J. C.","contributorId":100878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Irwin, B.J.","contributorId":105684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nichols, D.R.","contributorId":42979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"O’Brien, T.F.","contributorId":86309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":32304,"text":"ofr99178 - 1999 - Water-level altitudes 1999, water-level changes 1977-99 and 1998-99, and compaction 1973-98 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers: Houston-Galveston region, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-06T22:33:30.728474","indexId":"ofr99178","displayToPublicDate":"2000-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-178","title":"Water-level altitudes 1999, water-level changes 1977-99 and 1998-99, and compaction 1973-98 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers: Houston-Galveston region, Texas","docAbstract":"This report is one in an annual series of reports that depicts water-level altitudes and water-level changes since 1977 and compaction since 1973 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in the Houston-Galveston region, Texas. The report, prepared in cooperation with the City of Houston and the Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District, presents maps for the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers showing the approximate water-level altitudes in wells in 1999 and approximate water-level changes in wells from 1977 to 1999 and from 1998 to 1999, a map showing extensometer site locations, and graphs showing measured compaction of subsurface material at selected sites from 1973 to 1998. The most recent previously published water-level-altitude maps and water-level-change maps for the two aquifers in the region are by Coplin (1998). The Houston-Galveston region comprises Harris and Galveston Counties and adjacent parts of Brazoria, Fort Bend, Waller, Montgomery, Liberty, and Chambers Counties.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99178","usgsCitation":"Coplin, L., Santos, H.X., and East, J.W., 1999, Water-level altitudes 1999, water-level changes 1977-99 and 1998-99, and compaction 1973-98 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers: Houston-Galveston region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-178, 8 Plates: 21.00 × 17.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99178.","productDescription":"8 Plates: 21.00 × 17.00 inches","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":19702,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0178/plate-2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 2"},{"id":19706,"rank":405,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0178/plate-6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 6"},{"id":19705,"rank":404,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0178/plate-5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 5"},{"id":19704,"rank":403,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0178/plate-4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 4"},{"id":19701,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0178/plate-1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 1"},{"id":19708,"rank":407,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0178/plate-8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 8"},{"id":19707,"rank":406,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0178/plate-7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 7"},{"id":410129,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19498.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":19703,"rank":402,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0178/plate-3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 3"},{"id":163673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Galveston, Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.3505859375,\n 29.554345125748267\n ],\n [\n -94.52636718749999,\n 30.031055426540206\n ],\n [\n -94.7021484375,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -94.976806640625,\n 30.675715404167743\n ],\n [\n -95.07568359375,\n 30.829139422013956\n ],\n [\n -95.25970458984374,\n 30.954057859276126\n ],\n [\n -95.614013671875,\n 30.95876857077987\n ],\n [\n -96.064453125,\n 30.798474179567823\n ],\n [\n -96.2841796875,\n 30.64027517241868\n ],\n [\n -96.3446044921875,\n 30.462879341709886\n ],\n [\n -96.2237548828125,\n 30.073847754270204\n ],\n [\n -96.03149414062499,\n 29.410890376109\n ],\n [\n -95.82275390625,\n 29.080175989623203\n ],\n [\n -95.6304931640625,\n 28.9072060763367\n ],\n [\n -95.3558349609375,\n 28.8831596093235\n ],\n [\n -94.7515869140625,\n 29.291189838184863\n ],\n [\n -94.3505859375,\n 29.554345125748267\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5ed9fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplin, L.S.","contributorId":49366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplin","given":"L.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santos, H. X.","contributorId":69611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santos","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"East, J. W.","contributorId":99186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":21916,"text":"ofr99432 - 1999 - Lithostratigraphy, geophysics, biostratigraphy, and strontium-isotope stratigraphy of the surficial aquifer system of eastern Collier County and northern Monroe County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-18T19:01:23.607024","indexId":"ofr99432","displayToPublicDate":"2000-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-432","title":"Lithostratigraphy, geophysics, biostratigraphy, and strontium-isotope stratigraphy of the surficial aquifer system of eastern Collier County and northern Monroe County, Florida","docAbstract":"In 1997, ten cores were drilled in eastern Collier County and northern Monroe County, within the limits of the Big Cypress National Preserve. These cores represent a continuation of the study of seven cores in western Collier County begun in 1996 and reported in Weedman and others (1997) and Edwards and others (1998). This joint U.S. Geological Survey and Florida Geological Survey project is designed to acquire subsurface geologic and hydrologic data in southwest Florida to extend current ground-water models, thereby expanding the utility of these models for land and water management. In this report we describe the lithostratigraphy, geophysical logging, sedimentological analysis, dinocyst biostratigraphy, and strontium-isotope stratigraphy of these ten cores. \r\n\r\nThe three geophysical logs (natural gamma-ray, induction conductivity, and neutron porosity) assumed to be related to formation lithology and water quality show that a number of clay-rich zones are present in all of the boreholes, and that pore-water conductivity increases with depth. The clay-rich zones are confirmed by visual examination of core material and sedimentological analysis.\r\n\r\nThe relative transmissivity calculated at 10-foot-thick intervals shows that in six of the boreholes, high values are associated with the shallow aquifer in the 0-40 ft interval. Two of the boreholes (the most northerly and the most easterly) showed relatively higher values of transmissivity in permeable zones at or somewhat below 100 ft in depth. Core geology and logs indicate that the deeper aquifers are not more permeable than similar deeper zones in the other boreholes, but rather that the shallow aquifer appears to be less permeable in these two coreholes.\r\n\r\nThe Arcadia (?) Formation was only penetrated in the deepest core where it is late Miocene in age. The Peace River Formation was penetrated in all but the two westernmost cores. It yields a late Miocene age, based on both dinocysts and strontium-isotope stratigraphy. The top is an irregular surface. Age and stratigraphic relations suggest that the upper part of the Peace River and lower part of the unnamed formation are at least partially equivalent laterally.\r\n\r\nThe unnamed formation was recovered in every core. It is thinnest in the northernmost core and thickest to the west. Ages calculated from strontium isotopes range from 6.9 to 4.6 million years ago (late Miocene to early Pliocene). The top of the unnamed formation is deepest to the north and it becomes shallower to the southwest.\r\n\r\nThe Tamiami Formation also was recovered in every core and consistently yields early Pliocene ages; it yields late Pliocene ages near the top in two cores. The age and lateral relations strongly suggest that the lower part of the Tamiami Formation and the upper part of the unnamed formation are lateral facies of each other.\r\n\r\nThe Fort Thompson (?) Formation, Miami Limestone, and undifferentiated siliciclastic sediments and limestone at the very top of the cores were not dated.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99432","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Weedman, S., Paillet, F.L., Edwards, L.E., Simmons, K.R., Scott, T., Wardlaw, B.R., Reese, R., and Blair, J., 1999, Lithostratigraphy, geophysics, biostratigraphy, and strontium-isotope stratigraphy of the surficial aquifer system of eastern Collier County and northern Monroe County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-432, 125 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99432.","productDescription":"125 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1275,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-432/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155273,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":482192,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-432/of99-432.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Collier County, Monroe County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.9854736328125,\n 25.530050090109015\n ],\n [\n -80.958251953125,\n 25.530050090109015\n ],\n [\n -80.958251953125,\n 26.58607100679426\n ],\n [\n -81.9854736328125,\n 26.58607100679426\n ],\n [\n -81.9854736328125,\n 25.530050090109015\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635f8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weedman, S.D.","contributorId":23961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weedman","given":"S.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simmons, K. R.","contributorId":68771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scott, T.M.","contributorId":66694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wardlaw, B. R.","contributorId":9269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reese, R.S.","contributorId":17644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reese","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Blair, J.L.","contributorId":55857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":22018,"text":"ofr99585 - 1999 - Physical, chemical, and isotopic data for samples from the Anderson Springs area, Lake County, California, 1998-1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T12:55:31.410278","indexId":"ofr99585","displayToPublicDate":"2000-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-585","title":"Physical, chemical, and isotopic data for samples from the Anderson Springs area, Lake County, California, 1998-1999","docAbstract":"Anderson Springs is located about 90 miles (145 kilometers) north of San Francisco, California, in the southwestern part of Lake County. The area was first developed in the late 1800s as a health resort, which was active until the 1930s. In the rugged hills to the south of the resort were four small mercury mines of the eastern Mayacmas quicksilver district. About 1,260 flasks of mercury were produced from these mines between 1909 and 1943. In the 1970s, the high-elevation areas surrounding Anderson Springs became part of The Geysers geothermal field. Today, several electric powerplants are located on the ridges above Anderson Springs, utilizing steam produced from a 240°C vapor-dominated reservoir.
\nThe primary purpose of this report is to provide physical, chemical, and isotopic data on samples collected in the Anderson Springs area during 1998 and 1999, in response to a Freedom of Information Act request. In July 1998, drainage from the Schwartz adit of the abandoned Anderson mercury mine increased substantially over a 2-day period, transporting a slurry of water and precipitates down a tributary and into Anderson Creek. In August 1998, J.J. Rytuba and coworkers sampled the Schwartz adit drainage and water from the Anderson Springs Hot Spring for base metal and methylmercury analysis. They measured a maximum temperature (Tm) of 85°C in the Hot Spring. Published records show that the temperature of the Anderson Springs Hot Spring (main spring) was 63°C in 1889, 42–52°C from 1974 through 1991, and 77°C in March 1995. To investigate possible changes in thermal spring activity and to collect additional samples for geochemical analysis, C.J. Janik and coworkers returned to the area in September and December 1998. They determined that a cluster of springs adjacent to the main spring had Tm=98°C, and they observed that a new area of boiling vents and small fumaroles (Tm=99.3°C) had formed in an adjacent gully about 20 meters to the north of the main spring.
\nDuring August–October 1999, several field trips were conducted in the vicinity of Anderson Springs to continue monitoring and sampling the thermal manifestations. The new fumarolic area had increased in temperature and in discharge intensity since 1998, and a zone of dead trees had developed on the steep bank directly west of the fumaroles. Ground temperatures and diffuse flow of CO2 flow through soils were measured in the area surrounding the main spring and new fumaroles and in the zone of tree-kill.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99585","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Janik, C.J., Goff, F., Sorey, M., Rytuba, J.J., Counce, D., Colvard, E., Huebner, M., White, L.D., and Foster, A., 1999, Physical, chemical, and isotopic data for samples from the Anderson Springs area, Lake County, California, 1998-1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-585, Report: 27 p.,Tables 1-5, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99585.","productDescription":"Report: 27 p.,Tables 1-5","numberOfPages":"28","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51486,"rank":8,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0585/pdf/of99-585.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1189,"rank":7,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0585/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285084,"rank":6,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99585.jpg"},{"id":285081,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0585/table_3.xls"},{"id":285082,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0585/table_4.xls"},{"id":285083,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0585/table_5.xls"},{"id":285080,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0585/table_2.xls"},{"id":153012,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0585/table_1.xls"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Lake County","city":"Anderson Springs","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.70991,38.764934 ], [ -122.70991,38.784975 ], [ -122.686993,38.784975 ], [ -122.686993,38.764934 ], [ -122.70991,38.764934 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janik, C. J.","contributorId":10795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goff, F.","contributorId":53408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rytuba, J. J.","contributorId":83082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Counce, D.","contributorId":36165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counce","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Colvard, E.M.","contributorId":83553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvard","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Huebner, M.","contributorId":95497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebner","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"White, L. D.","contributorId":14330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Foster, A.","contributorId":46977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":27316,"text":"wri994090 - 1999 - Ground-water occurrence and contribution to streamflow, northeast Maui, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T20:50:49.285478","indexId":"wri994090","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4090","displayTitle":"Ground-Water Occurrence and Contribution to Streamflow, Northeast Maui, Hawaii","title":"Ground-water occurrence and contribution to streamflow, northeast Maui, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The study area lies on the northern flank of theEast Maui Volcano (Haleakala) and covers about129 square miles between the drainage basins ofMaliko Gulch to the west and Makapipi Stream tothe east. About 989 million gallons per day of rain-fall and 176 million gallons per day of fog dripreaches the study area and about 529million gal-lons per day enters the ground-water system asrecharge. Average annual ground-water with-drawal from wells totals only about 3 million gal-lons per day; proposed (as of 1998) additionalwithdrawals total about 18 million gallons per day.Additionally, tunnels and ditches of an extensiveirrigation network directly intercept at least 10 mil-lion gallons per day of ground water.The total amount of average annual stream-flow in gaged stream subbasins upstream of 1,300feet altitude is about 255 million gallons per dayand the total amount of average annual base flow isabout 62 million gallons per day. Six major sur-face-water diversion systems in the study area havediverted an average of 163 million gallons per dayof streamflow (including nearly all base flow ofdiverted streams) for irrigation and domestic sup-ply in central Maui during 1925–97.Fresh ground water is found in two mainforms. West of Keanae Valley, ground-water flowappears to be dominated by a variably saturatedsystem. A saturated zone in the uppermost rockunit, the Kula Volcanics, is separated from a fresh-water lens near sea level by an unsaturated zone inthe underlying Honomanu Basalt. East of KeanaeValley, the ground-water system appears to befully saturated above sea level to altitudes greaterthan 2,000 feet.
The total average annual streamflow of gagedstreams west of Keanae Valley is about 140 milliongallons per day at 1,200 feet to 1,300 feet altitude.It is not possible to estimate the total averageannual streamflow at the coast. All of the base flowmeasured in the study area west of Keanae Valleyrepresents ground-water discharge from the high-elevation saturated zone. Total average dailyground-water discharge from the high-elevationsaturated zone upstream of 1,200 feet altitude isgreater than 38 million gallons per day, all of whichis eventually removed from the streams by surface-water diversion systems. Perennial streamflow hasbeen measured at altitudes greater than 3,000 feetin several of the streams. Discharge from the high-elevation saturated zone is persistent even duringperiods of little rainfall.
The total average annual streamflow of the gaged streams east of Keanae Valley is about 109million gallons per day at about 1,300 feet altitude. It is not possible to estimate the total average annual streamflow at the coast nor at higher altitudes. All of the base flow measured east of Keanae Valley represents ground-water discharge from the vertically extensive freshwater-lens system. Total average daily ground-water discharge to gaged streams upstream of 1,200 feet altitude is about 27million gallons per day. About 19 million gallons per day of ground water discharges through the Kula and Hana Volcanics between about 500 feet and 1,300 feet altitude in the gaged stream sub-basins. About 13 million gallons per day of this discharge is in Hanawi Stream. The total ground-water discharge above 500 feet altitude in this part of the study area is greater than 56 million gallons per day.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994090","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the County of Maui Department of Water Supply and the State of Hawaii Commission on Water Resource Management","usgsCitation":"Gingerich, S.B., 1999, Ground-water occurrence and contribution to streamflow, northeast Maui, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4090, vi, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994090.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_99_4090.jpg"},{"id":13741,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri99-4090/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415603,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23293.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.092,\n 20.942\n ],\n [\n -156.092,\n 20.75\n ],\n [\n -156.258,\n 20.75\n ],\n [\n -156.258,\n 20.942\n ],\n [\n -156.092,\n 20.942\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5edf14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gingerich, Stephen B. 0000-0002-4381-0746 sbginger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-0746","contributorId":1426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"Stephen","email":"sbginger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":67153,"text":"i2634 - 1999 - Geologic map of the Sedan quadangle, Gallatin and Park Counties, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T20:59:08.856533","indexId":"i2634","displayToPublicDate":"2000-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2634","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Geologic map of the Sedan quadangle, Gallatin and Park Counties, Montana","docAbstract":"This quadrangle lies 6.4 km (4 mi) northeast of Bozeman, Mont., in southwestern Montana. Metamorphic, sedimentary, and volcanic rocks of Precambrian to Tertiary age are exposed in the Bridger Range and southwestern margin of the Crazy Mountains Basin in a crustal cross section and a structural triangle zone. Surface geology records Precambrian extension, Late Paleocene east-vergent contraction, including backthrusts, and Holocene basin-range extension.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2634","usgsCitation":"Skipp, B., Lageson, D., and McMannis, W.J., 1999, Geologic map of the Sedan quadangle, Gallatin and Park Counties, Montana (Version 2.1): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2634, 1 Plate: 58.17 × 41.00 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2634.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 58.17 × 41.00 inches; Downloads Directory","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6123,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2634/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":109901,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23269.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"23269"}],"scale":"48000","projection":"Polyconic","country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Gallatin County, Park County","otherGeospatial":"Sedan quadangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -110.75,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -110.75,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 46\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 2.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8444","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skipp, Betty","contributorId":51268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"Betty","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lageson, D. R.","contributorId":51534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lageson","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMannis, W. J.","contributorId":59291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMannis","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23026,"text":"ofr99537 - 1999 - Analytical results for 35 mine-waste tailings cores and six bed sediment samples, and an estimate of the volume of contaminated materials at Buckeye meadow on upper Basin Creek, northern Jefferson County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T19:43:02","indexId":"ofr99537","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-537","displayTitle":"Analytical Results for 35 Mine-Waste Tailings Cores and Six Bed-Sediment Samples, and An Estimate of the Volume of Contaminated Material at Buckeye Meadow on Upper Basin Creek, Northern Jefferson County, Montana","title":"Analytical results for 35 mine-waste tailings cores and six bed sediment samples, and an estimate of the volume of contaminated materials at Buckeye meadow on upper Basin Creek, northern Jefferson County, Montana","docAbstract":"Metal-mining related wastes in the Boulder River basin study area in northern Jefferson County, Montana have been implicated in their detrimental effects on water quality with regard to acid-generation and toxic-metal solubilization. Flotation-mill tailings in the meadow below the Buckeye mine, hereafter referred to as the Buckeye mill-tailings site, have been identified as significant contributors to water quality degradation of Basin Creek, Montana. Basin Creek is one of three tributaries to the Boulder River in the study area; bed sediments and waters draining from the Buckeye mine have also been implicated. Geochemical analysis of 35 tailings cores and six bed-sediment samples was undertaken to determine the concentrations of Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Pb,and Zn present in these materials. These elements are environmentally significant, in that they can be toxic to fish and/or the invertebrate organisms that constitute their food. A suite of one-inch cores of dispersed flotation-mill tailings and underlying premining material was taken from a large, flat area north of Basin Creek near the site of the Buckeye mine. Thirty-five core samples were taken and divided into 204 subsamples. The samples were analyzed by ICP-AES (inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy) using a mixed-acid digestion. Results of the core analyses show that the elements listed above are present at moderate to very high concentrations (arsenic to 63,000 ppm, silver to 290 ppm, cadmium to 370 ppm, copper to 4,800 ppm, lead to 93,000 ppm, and zinc to 23,000 ppm). Volume calculations indicate that an estimated 8,400 metric tons of contaminated material are present at the site. Six bed-sediment samples were also subjected to the mixed-acid total digestion, and a warm (50°C) 2M HCl-1% H2O2 leach and analyzed by ICP-AES. Results indicate that bed sediments of Basin Creek are only slightly impacted by past mining above the Buckeye-Enterprise complex, moderately impacted at the upper (eastern) end of the tailings area, and heavily impacted at the lower (western) end of the area and downstream. The metals are mostly contained in the 2M HCl-1% H2O2 leachable phase, which are the hydrous amorphous iron- and manganese-hydroxide coatings on detrital sediment particles.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr99537","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Fey, D.L., Church, S.E., and Finney, C.J., 1999, Analytical results for 35 mine-waste tailings cores and six bed sediment samples, and an estimate of the volume of contaminated materials at Buckeye meadow on upper Basin Creek, northern Jefferson County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-537, Report: 59 p.; 5 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99537.","productDescription":"Report: 59 p.; 5 Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340624,"rank":7,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/ofr19990537_table8.xls","text":"Table 8","size":"16.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 8","linkHelpText":"- Total-digestion from residues following 2M HCl-1%H2O2 leach of bed-sediment samples near Buckeye flotation tailings, upper Basin Creek, Montana"},{"id":340620,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/ofr19990537_table4.xls","text":"Table 4","size":"46 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 4","linkHelpText":"- Field Numbers, depths to midpoints of intervals, and interval sample descriptions for cores from Buckeye flotation tailings, upper Basin Creek, Montana"},{"id":341919,"rank":8,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0537/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":340623,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/ofr19990537_table7.xls","text":"Table 7","size":"16.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 7","linkHelpText":"- Partial-digestion (2M HCl-1% H2O2) concentration data from bed-sediment samples near Buckeye flotation tailings, upper Basin Creek, Montana"},{"id":340622,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/ofr19990537_table6.xls","text":"Table 6","size":"16.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 6","linkHelpText":"- Total-digestion concentration data from bed-sediment samples near Buckeye flotation tailings, upper Basin Creek, Montana"},{"id":52407,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.87 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":155319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":340621,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/ofr19990537_table5.xls","text":"Table 5","size":"77.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 5","linkHelpText":"- Concentration data for total digestions of tailings core samples by ICP-AES, upper Basin Creek, Montana"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Basin Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.4066162109375,\n 46.34313560260196\n ],\n [\n -111.79412841796875,\n 46.34313560260196\n ],\n [\n -111.79412841796875,\n 46.5720787149159\n ],\n [\n -112.4066162109375,\n 46.5720787149159\n ],\n [\n -112.4066162109375,\n 46.34313560260196\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 973
Denver, CO 80225
The accompanying directory structure contains a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) compilation of geophysical, geological, and tectonic data for the Circum-North Pacific. This area includes the Russian Far East, Alaska, the Canadian Cordillera, linking continental shelves, and adjacent oceans. This GIS compilation extends from 120°E to 115°W, and from 40°N to 80°N. This area encompasses: (1) to the south, the modern Pacific plate boundary of the Japan-Kuril and Aleutian subduction zones, the Queen Charlotte transform fault, and the Cascadia subduction zone; (2) to the north, the continent-ocean transition from the Eurasian and North American continents to the Arctic Ocean; (3) to the west, the diffuse Eurasian-North American plate boundary, including the probable Okhotsk plate; and (4) to the east, the Alaskan-Canadian Cordilleran fold belt. This compilation should be useful for: (1) studying the Mesozoic and Cenozoic collisional and accretionary tectonics that assembled this continental crust of this region; (2) studying the neotectonics of active and passive plate margins in this region; and (3) constructing and interpreting geophysical, geologic, and tectonic models of the region. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) programs provide powerful tools for managing and analyzing spatial databases. Geological applications include regional tectonics, geophysics, mineral and petroleum exploration, resource management, and land-use planning. This CD-ROM contains thematic layers of spatial data-sets for geology, gravity field, magnetic field, oceanic plates, overlap assemblages, seismology (earthquakes), tectonostratigraphic terranes, topography, and volcanoes. The GIS compilation can be viewed, manipulated, and plotted with commercial software (ArcView and ArcInfo) or through a freeware program (ArcExplorer) that can be downloaded from http://www.esri.com for both Unix and Windows computers using the button below.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99422","issn":"0094-9140","isbn":"0607936231","usgsCitation":"Greninger, M.L., Klemperer, S.L., and Nokleberg, W.J., 1999, Geographic information systems (GIS) compilation of geophysical, geologic, and tectonic data for the circum-North Pacific (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-422, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99422.","productDescription":"42 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":390792,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_72189.htm"},{"id":1397,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-422/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, Russia, United States","otherGeospatial":"North Pacific","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a90ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greninger, Mark L.","contributorId":72816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greninger","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klemperer, Simon L.","contributorId":106929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemperer","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":189727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27717,"text":"wri994008 - 1999 - Estimating the magnitude of peak flows for streams in Maine for selected recurrence intervals","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":27717,"text":"wri994008 - 1999 - Estimating the magnitude of peak flows for streams in Maine for selected recurrence intervals","indexId":"wri994008","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Estimating the Magnitude of Peak Flows for Streams in Maine for Selected Recurrence Intervals","title":"Estimating the magnitude of peak flows for streams in Maine for selected recurrence intervals"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70215422,"text":"sir20205092 - 2020 - Estimating flood magnitude and frequency on gaged and ungaged streams in Maine","indexId":"sir20205092","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Estimating flood magnitude and frequency on gaged and ungaged streams in Maine"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70215422,"text":"sir20205092 - 2020 - Estimating flood magnitude and frequency on gaged and ungaged streams in Maine","indexId":"sir20205092","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Estimating flood magnitude and frequency on gaged and ungaged streams in Maine"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-07T16:38:58.124541","indexId":"wri994008","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4008","displayTitle":"Estimating the Magnitude of Peak Flows for Streams in Maine for Selected Recurrence Intervals","title":"Estimating the magnitude of peak flows for streams in Maine for selected recurrence intervals","docAbstract":"This report gives estimates of, and presents techniques for estimating, the magnitude of peak flows for streams in Maine for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 500 years. A flowchart in this report guides the user to the appropriate estimates and (or) estimating techniques for a site on a specific stream. \r\n\r\nSection 1, 'Estimates of peak flows and maximum recorded flows at USGS streamflow-gaging stations,' contains peak-flow estimates and the maximum recorded flows at 98 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-gaging stations. In the development of the peak-flow estimates at gaging stations, a new generalized skew coefficient was calculated for Maine. This single statewide value of 0.029 (with a standard error of prediction of 0.297) is more accurate for Maine than the national skew isoline map in Bulletin 17B of the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data. \r\n\r\nTwo techniques are presented to estimate the peak flows for ungaged, unregulated streams in rural drainage basins. These two techniques were developed using generalized least squares regression procedures at 70 USGS gaging stations in Maine and eastern New Hampshire. Section 2, 'Estimating peak flows for ungaged, unregulated streams in rural drainage basins,' uses the final explanatory variables of drainage area and basin wetlands. The average standard error of prediction for the 100-year peak flow regression equation in section 2 was 48.6 percent to -32.7 percent. Drainage area was the only explanatory variable used in section 3, 'Estimating peak flows for ungaged, unregulated streams in rural drainage basins - Simplified technique.' The average standard error of prediction for the 100-year peak flow regression equation in section 3 was 80.3 percent to -44.5 percent. \r\n\r\nSection 4 of the report describes techniques for estimating peak flows for ungaged sites on gaged, unregulated streams in rural drainage basins. Section 5, 'Estimating peak flows for ungaged, unregulated streams in urbanized drainage basins,' describes regression equations for use when a drainage basin is urbanized. These urban regression equations come from a previous USGS nationwide study. As stated in section 6, because peak flows on regulated streams are dependent on variable human actions, estimating peak flows at ungaged sites on regulated streams is beyond the scope of this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maine Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Hodgkins, G.A., 1999, Estimating the magnitude of peak flows for streams in Maine for selected recurrence intervals: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4008, Report: iv, 45 p.; Computer program, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994008.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 45 p.; Computer program","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481801,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75292","text":"Superseded Publication:","linkHelpText":"A technique for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in Maine(1975)"},{"id":124568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4008/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56561,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4008/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72,43 ], [ -72,48 ], [ -66.5,48 ], [ -66.5,43 ], [ -72,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc2df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24111,"text":"ofr99243 - 1999 - Stream and aquifer biology of south-central Texas — A literature review, 1973-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T20:30:11.944529","indexId":"ofr99243","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-243","title":"Stream and aquifer biology of south-central Texas — A literature review, 1973-97","docAbstract":"This report summarizes in table format 32 aquatic vertebrate (primarily fish), 54 aquatic invertebrate, and 13 aquatic plant studies available for the area of the South-Central Texas study unit of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment. The studies, published mostly during 1973–97, pertain to the Guadalupe, San Antonio, and Nueces River Basins, the San Antonio-Nueces and Nueces-Rio Grande Coastal Basins, and the Edwards aquifer where it underlies the upper parts of the three river basins. The biology of the study-unit streams is determined mostly by the characteristics of the ecoregions they transect—the Edwards Plateau, Texas Blackland Prairies, East Central Texas Plains, Western Gulf Coastal Plain, and Southern Texas Plains.
About 20 percent of the previous fish and invertebrate studies and about 75 percent of the aquatic plant surveys have centered on Comal Springs in Comal County and San Marcos Springs in Hays County. Although several important studies are available for the San Antonio region, documentation of aquatic biology for the remainder of the study unit is relatively sparse. The streams in the study unit, particularly in the Edwards Plateau, support three dominant biological groups—fish, aquatic invertebrates, and plants. Potential threats to these organisms include impoundments and flood-control projects, siltation from erosion, ground-water pumping, recreational activities, wastewater discharge, and introduction of non-native species. More than 30 non-native fish, invertebrate, and plant species have been introduced into the region. Of the 19 aquatic species Federally listed as endangered or threatened in Texas, 8 are associated with springs and spring runs in the study unit. All of the endangered species in the study unit are associated with springs and spring runs.
A large number of endemic species in the study unit are associated with subterranean aquatic ecosystems, most likely a consequence of the unique proximity of the varied topographic and hydrologic conditions of the area and of the geological development of the Edwards aquifer. Ninety-one endemics, including 44 species found solely underground, are associated with the aquatic ecosystems (including springs) of the Edwards aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99243","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ourso, R.T., and Hornig, C., 1999, Stream and aquifer biology of south-central Texas — A literature review, 1973-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-243, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99243.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1772,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr99-243","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":392880,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22916.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.5,\n 27.567\n ],\n [\n -98.617,\n 27.567\n ],\n [\n -98.617,\n 30.183\n ],\n [\n -102.5,\n 30.183\n ],\n [\n -102.5,\n 27.567\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a51db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ourso, Robert T. 0000-0002-5952-8681 rtourso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5952-8681","contributorId":203207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ourso","given":"Robert","email":"rtourso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornig, C. E.","contributorId":100423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornig","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27026,"text":"wri984217 - 1999 - Magmatic carbon dioxide emissions at Mammoth Mountain, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-30T14:18:49.843552","indexId":"wri984217","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4217","title":"Magmatic carbon dioxide emissions at Mammoth Mountain, California","docAbstract":"Carbon dioxide (CO2) of magmatic origin is seeping out of the ground in unusual quantities at several locations around the flanks of Mammoth Mountain, a dormant volcano in Eastern California. The most recent volcanic activity on Mammoth Mountain was steam eruptions about 600 years ago, but seismic swarms and long-period earthquakes over the past decade are evidence of an active magmatic system at depth. The CO2 emission probably began in 1990 but was not recognized until 1994. Seismic swarms and minor ground deformation during 1989, believed to be results of a shallow intrusion of magma beneath Mammoth Mountain, probably triggered the release of C01, which persists in 1998.
The CO2 gas is at ambient temperatures and emanates diffusely from the soil surface rather than flowing from distinct vents. The CO2 has collected in the soil by displacing air in the pore spaces and reaches concentrations of greater than 95 percent by volume in places. The total area affected by high CO2 concentrations and high CO2 flux from the soil surface was estimated at 60 hectares in 1997. Coniferous forest covering about 40 hectares has been killed by high CO2, concentrations in the root zone.
In more than 300 soil-gas samples collected from depths of 0.5 to 2 m in 1995, CO2 concentrations ranged from background levels (less than 1 percent) to greater than 95 percent by volume. At 250 locations, CO2 flux was measured using a closed chamber in 1996; values, in grams per square meter per day, ranged from background (less than 25) to more than 30,000. On the basis of these data, the total emission of magmatic CO2, in 1996 is estimated to be about 530 megagrams per day.
Concentrations of CO2, exceeding Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards have been measured in pits dug in soil and snow, in poorly ventilated buildings, and in below-ground valve-boxes around Mammoth Mountain. CO2, concentrations greater than 10 percent in poorly ventilated spaces are not uncommon on some parts of Mammoth Mountain. Humans and other animals exposed to CO2 concentrations greater than 10 percent could lose consciousness and die rapidly. With knowledge of the problem and reasonable caution, however, the health hazard to humans can be avoided.
As noted earlier, the CO2 emission is related to magmatic activity at depth, but at present (1998) it does not portend an imminent volcanic eruption.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984217","usgsCitation":"Farrar, C.D., Neil, J.M., and Howle, J.F., 1999, Magmatic carbon dioxide emissions at Mammoth Mountain, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4217, Report: iv, 34 p.; 1 Plate: 39.34 x 34.82 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984217.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 34 p.; 1 Plate: 39.34 x 34.82 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":431613,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4217/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2189,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri98-4217/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":270605,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4217/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158571,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4217/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mammoth Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.25659179687499,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -118.564453125,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -118.564453125,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -119.25659179687499,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -119.25659179687499,\n 37.42252593456307\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db649224","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farrar, Christopher D. cdfarrar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"Christopher","email":"cdfarrar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":197431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neil, John M.","contributorId":13957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neil","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howle, James F. 0000-0003-0491-6203 jfhowle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":2225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"James","email":"jfhowle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22256,"text":"ofr9924 - 1999 - Volcano hazards in the Mount Jefferson region, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-20T14:19:38","indexId":"ofr9924","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-24","title":"Volcano hazards in the Mount Jefferson region, Oregon","docAbstract":"Mount Jefferson is a prominent feature of the landscape seen from highways east and west of the Cascades. Mount Jefferson (one of thirteen major volcanic centers in the Cascade Range) has erupted repeatedly for hundreds of thousands of years, with its last eruptive episode during the last major glaciation which culminated about 15,000 years ago. Geologic evidence shows that Mount Jefferson is capable of large explosive eruptions. The largest such eruption occurred between 35,000 and 100,000 years ago, and caused ash to fall as far away as the present-day town of Arco in southeast Idaho. Although there has not been an eruption at Mount Jefferson for some time, experience at explosive volcanoes elsewhere suggests that Mount Jefferson cannot be regarded as extinct. If Mount Jefferson erupts again, areas close to the eruptive vent will be severely affected, and even areas tens of kilometers (tens of miles) downstream along river valleys or hundreds of kilometers (hundreds of miles) downwind may be at risk. Numerous small volcanoes occupy the area between Mount Jefferson and Mount Hood to the north, and between Mount Jefferson and the Three Sisters region to the south. These small volcanoes tend not to pose the far-reaching hazards associated with Mount Jefferson, but are nonetheless locally important. A concern at Mount Jefferson, but not at the smaller volcanoes, is the possibility that small to- moderate sized landslides could occur even during periods of no volcanic activity. Such landslides may transform as they move into lahars (watery flows of rock, mud, and debris) that can inundate areas far downstream. The population at immediate risk in the Mount Jefferson region is small, but these residents as well as other people who visit the area for recreation and work purposes should be aware of the potential hazards. Probably the greatest concern in the Mount Jefferson region is the possibility that large lahars might enter reservoirs on either side of the volcano, namely, Detroit Lake to the west and Lake Billy Chinook to the east. Lahars entering these lakes could set up large waves that could overtop dams and possibly cause dam failure, with catastrophic effects downstream. Such events have very low probabilities but great potential consequences. This report describes the kinds of hazardous geologic events that have occurred in the Mount Jefferson area in the past and shows, in the accompanying volcano-hazards-zonation maps, which areas will likely be at risk when hazardous events occur again in the future.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9924","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Walder, J.S., Gardner, C.A., Conrey, R.M., Fisher, B.J., and Schilling, S.P., 1999, Volcano hazards in the Mount Jefferson region, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-24, Report: 14 p.; 2 Plates: 38 x 27 inches and 29.24 x 31.08 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9924.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 2 Plates: 38 x 27 inches and 29.24 x 31.08 inches","numberOfPages":"18","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr9924.jpg"},{"id":1336,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0024/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51681,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0024/pdf/of1999-0024_plate1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":51682,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0024/pdf/of1999-0024_plate2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":51683,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0024/pdf/of1999-0024.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"1927 North American Datum","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range;Detroit Lake;Lake Billy Chinook;Mount Jefferson","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.65,39.85 ], [ -124.65,49.05 ], [ -116.41,49.05 ], [ -116.41,39.85 ], [ -124.65,39.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd7a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walder, Joseph S. jswalder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walder","given":"Joseph","email":"jswalder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Cynthia A. 0000-0002-6214-6182 cgardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6214-6182","contributorId":1959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Cynthia","email":"cgardner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conrey, Richard M.","contributorId":41911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, Bruce J.","contributorId":40293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schilling, Steven P.","contributorId":31081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":64638,"text":"i2669 - 1999 - Three-dimensional geologic maps of Quaternary sediments in east-central Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T21:15:49.423924","indexId":"i2669","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2669","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Three-dimensional geologic maps of Quaternary sediments in east-central Illinois","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2669","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., Price, S.D., Kempton, J.P., and Berg, R.C., 1999, Three-dimensional geologic maps of Quaternary sediments in east-central Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2669, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2669.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":109907,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23438.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"23438"},{"id":6080,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/i-maps/i-2669/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Illinois","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.377,\n 39.87\n ],\n [\n -87.876,\n 39.87\n ],\n [\n -87.876,\n 40.62\n ],\n [\n -89.377,\n 40.62\n ],\n [\n -89.377,\n 39.87\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b882","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, D. 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C.","contributorId":11673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":28276,"text":"wri984267 - 1999 - Soil-calcium depletion linked to acid rain and forest growth in the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-13T10:16:15","indexId":"wri984267","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4267","title":"Soil-calcium depletion linked to acid rain and forest growth in the eastern United States","docAbstract":"Since the discovery of acid rain in the 1970's, scientists have been concerned that deposition of acids could cause depletion of calcium in forest soils. Research in the 1980's showed that the amount of calcium in forest soils is controlled by several factors that are difficult to measure. Further research in the 1990's, including several studies by the U.S. Geological Survey, has shown that (1) calcium in forest soils has decreased at locations in the northeastern and southeastern U.S., and (2) acid rain and forest growth (uptake of calcium from the soil by roots) are both factors contributing to calcium depletion. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri984267","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G.B., and Huntington, T., 1999, Soil-calcium depletion linked to acid rain and forest growth in the eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4267, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984267.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57096,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4267/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4267/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696cea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huntington, T.G. 0000-0002-9427-3530","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":64675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"T.G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":199516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28099,"text":"wri994192 - 1999 - Floods of June 28-29, 1998 in Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-22T09:29:22","indexId":"wri994192","displayToPublicDate":"2000-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4192","displayTitle":"Floods of June 28-29, 1998 in Ohio","title":"Floods of June 28-29, 1998 in Ohio","docAbstract":"During a 96-hour period extending from June 26 to June 30, 1998, a stalled frontal system produced a series of storms that dumped 10 inches or more of rain on parts of Ohio. The storms occurred at the end of a relatively wet month, resulting in flooding and widespread damage throughout much of central, east-central, and southeastern Ohio. Twenty-three Ohio counties were declared Federal and State disaster areas as a result of the storms and flooding with an estimated economic impact of nearly $178 million. Twelve storm or flood-related fatalities were reported. Flooding was most severe in the Ohio counties of Guernsey, Noble, and Washington, which lie roughly along a north-south line coincident with the band of heaviest rainfall. Some streams in those counties had peak streamflows with estimated recurrence intervals in excess of 100 years.
This report describes the meteorologic factors contributing to the floods and provides information on the resulting damages. Peak-streamflows, estimated recurrence intervals, and high-water elevation or stage data are reported for selected locations in the State.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994192","usgsCitation":"Koltun, G., 1999, Floods of June 28-29, 1998 in Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4192, iv, 22 p. :col. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994192.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p. :col. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2152,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4192/wri19994192.pdf","text":"Report","size":"990 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 1999-4192"},{"id":159011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4192/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Ohio Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd.
Columbus, OH 43229
The Klamath Mountains consist of various accreted terranes and include many plutons that range in composition from gabbro to granodiorite. Some of the plutons (preaccretionary plutons) were parts of terranes before the terranes accreted; others (accretionary plutons) intruded during or after the accretion of their host terrane(s). This report attempts to (1) graphically illustrate how the Klamath Mountains grew by the accretion of allochthonous oceanic terranes during early Paleozoic to Cretaceous times, (2) identify the plutons as either preaccretionary or accretionary, and (3) genetically relate the plutonic intrusions to specific accretionary episodes.
\nThe eight accretionary episodes portrayed in this report are similar to those shown by Irwin and Mankinen (1998) who briefly described the basis for the timing of the episodes and who illustrated the ~110 degrees of clockwise rotation of the Klamath Mountains since Early Devonian time. Each episode is named for the accreting terrane. In all episodes (Figs. 1-8), the heavy black line represents a fault that separates the accreting oceanic rocks on the left from earlier accreted terranes on the right. The preaccretionary plutons are shown within the accreting oceanic crustal rocks to the left of the heavy black line, and the accretionary plutons in most instances are shown intruding previously accreted terranes to the right. Episodes earlier than the Central Metamorphic episode (Fig. 1), and that may have been important in the formation of the early Paleozoic nucleous of the province (the Eastern Klamath terrane), are not known. The 'Present Time' distribution of the accreted terranes and plutons is shown at a large scale in Figure 9.
\nThe schematic vertical section (Fig. 10) depicts the terranes as a stack of horizontal slabs that include or are intruded by vertical plutons. Note that at their base the ~170 Ma preaccretionary plutons of the Western Hayfork subterrane are truncated by the ~164 Ma Salt Creek accretionary fault, the ~160 Ma accretionary plutons are truncated by the ~150 Ma Bear Wallow accretionary fault, and the ~150 Ma accretionary plutons (and questionably the Grants Pass ~139 Ma accretionary pluton) are truncated by the ~120 Ma South Fork fault.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99374","usgsCitation":"Irwin, W., and Wooden, J., 1999, Plutons and accretionary episodes of the Klamath Mountains, California and Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-374, Report: 53.80 x 31.20 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99374.","productDescription":"Report: 53.80 x 31.20 inches","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163121,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99374.gif"},{"id":3191,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0374/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284927,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0374/pdf/of99-374.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.2997,40.7 ], [ -124.2997,42.72 ], [ -122.4,42.72 ], [ -122.4,40.7 ], [ -124.2997,40.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6bb6e4b0b29085104186","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":32209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}