{"pageNumber":"2720","pageRowStart":"67975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":1001068,"text":"1001068 - 2004 - Additions to the aquatic diptera (Chaoboridae, Chironomidae, Culicidae, Tabanidae, Tipulidae) fauna of the White River National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-04T10:41:18","indexId":"1001068","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2531,"text":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Additions to the aquatic diptera (Chaoboridae, Chironomidae, Culicidae, Tabanidae, Tipulidae) fauna of the White River National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas","docAbstract":"The dipteran fauna of Arkansas is generally poorly known.  A previous study of the Aquatic macroinvertebrates of the White River National Wildlife Refuge, the largest refuge in Arkansas, reported only 12 diptera taxa out of 219 taxa collected (Chordas et al., 1996).  Most of the dipterans from this study were identified only to the family level.  The family Chironomidae is a large, diverse group and was predicted to be much more diverse in the refuge than indicated by previous studies.  In this study, Chironomidae were targeted, with other aquatic or semiaquatic dipterans also retained, in collections designed to better define the dipteran fauna of the White River National Wildlife Refuge.  Adult dipterans were collected from 22 sites within the refuge using sweep-nets, two types of blacklight traps, and lighted fan traps in June of 2001.  Specimens from previous studies were retrieved and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level.  A total of 4,917 specimens representing 122 taxa was collected.  The 122 taxa were comprised of the following: two chaoborids, 83 chironomids, 15 culicids, nine tabanids, and 13 tipulids.  Of these, 46 species are new state records for Arkansas.  Nine undescribed species of chironomids were collected, and eight species records represent significant range extensions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Arkansas Academy of Science","usgsCitation":"Chordas, S.W., Hudson, P.L., and Chapman, E.G., 2004, Additions to the aquatic diptera (Chaoboridae, Chironomidae, Culicidae, Tabanidae, Tipulidae) fauna of the White River National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas: Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, v. 58, p. 37-45.","productDescription":"p. 37-45","startPage":"37","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266916,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://libinfo.uark.edu/aas/issues/2004v58/v58a6.pdf"}],"volume":"58","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69787a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chordas, Stephen W. III","contributorId":87089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chordas","given":"Stephen","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapman, Eric G.","contributorId":46450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70184480,"text":"70184480 - 2004 - Transport and time lag of chlorofluorocarbon gases in the unsaturated zone, Rabis Creek, Denmark","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:22:05","indexId":"70184480","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport and time lag of chlorofluorocarbon gases in the unsaturated zone, Rabis Creek, Denmark","docAbstract":"<p><span>Transport of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases through the unsaturated zone to the water table is affected by gas diffusion, air–water exchange (solubility), sorption to the soil matrix, advective–dispersive transport in the water phase, and, in some cases, anaerobic degradation. In deep unsaturated zones, this may lead to a time lag between entry of gases at the land surface and recharge to groundwater. Data from a Danish field site were used to investigate how time lag is affected by variations in water content and to explore the use of simple analytical solutions to calculate time lag. Numerical simulations demonstrate that either degradation or sorption of CFC-11 takes place, whereas CFC-12 and CFC-113 are nonreactive. Water flow did not appreciably affect transport. An analytical solution for the period with a linear increase in atmospheric CFC concentrations (approximately early 1970s to early 1990s) was used to calculate CFC profiles and time lags. We compared the analytical results with numerical simulations. The time lags in the 15-m-deep unsaturated zone increase from 4.2 to between 5.2 and 6.1 yr and from 3.4 to 3.9 yr for CFC-11 and CFC-12, respectively, when simulations change from use of an exponential to a linear increase in atmospheric concentrations. The CFC concentrations at the water table before the early 1990s can be estimated by displacing the atmospheric input function by these fixed time lags. A sensitivity study demonstrates conditions under which a time lag in the unsaturated zone becomes important. The most critical parameter is the tortuosity coefficient. The analytical approach is valid for the low range of tortuosity coefficients (τ = 0.1–0.4) and unsaturated zones greater than approximately 20 m in thickness. In these cases the CFC distribution may still be from either the exponential or linear phase. In other cases, the use of numerical models, as described in our work and elsewhere, is an option.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society","doi":"10.2136/vzj2004.1249","usgsCitation":"Engesgaard, P., Højberg, A., Hinsby, K., Jensen, K., Laier, T., Larsen, F., Busenberg, E., and Plummer, N., 2004, Transport and time lag of chlorofluorocarbon gases in the unsaturated zone, Rabis Creek, Denmark: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 3, no. 4, p. 1249-1261, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2004.1249.","productDescription":"13 p. ","startPage":"1249","endPage":"1261","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Denmark","otherGeospatial":"Rabis Creek","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c945e4b0f37a93ee9b5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engesgaard, Peter","contributorId":49044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engesgaard","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Højberg, Anker L.","contributorId":187776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Højberg","given":"Anker L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinsby, Klaus","contributorId":187777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinsby","given":"Klaus","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jensen, Karsten H.","contributorId":187778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Karsten H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Laier, Troels","contributorId":187779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laier","given":"Troels","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larsen, Flemming","contributorId":187780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larsen","given":"Flemming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":1000879,"text":"1000879 - 2004 - Effect of stock size, climate, predation, and trophic status on recruitment of alewives in Lake Ontario, 1978-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T11:57:02","indexId":"1000879","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of stock size, climate, predation, and trophic status on recruitment of alewives in Lake Ontario, 1978-2000","docAbstract":"<p><span>The population of alewives&nbsp;</span><i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i><span>&nbsp;in Lake Ontario is of great concern to fishery managers because alewives are the principal prey of introduced salmonines and because alewives negatively influence many endemic fishes. We used spring bottom trawl catches of alewives to investigate the roles of stock size, climate, predation, and lake trophic status on recruitment of alewives to age 2 in Lake Ontario during 1978&ndash;2000. Climate was indexed from the temperature of water entering a south-shore municipal treatment plant, lake trophic status was indexed by the mean concentration of total phosphorus (TP) in surface water in spring, and predation was indexed by the product of the number of salmonines stocked and relative, first-year survival of Chinook salmon</span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span>. A Ricker-type parent&ndash;progeny model suggested that peak production of age-1 alewives could occur over a broad range of spawning stock sizes, and the fit of the model was improved most by the addition of terms for spring water temperature and winter duration. With the addition of the two climate terms, the Ricker model indicated that when water was relatively warm in spring and the winter was relatively short, peak potential production of young was nine times higher than when water temperature and winters were average, and 73 times higher than when water was cold in spring and winters were long. Relative survival from age 1 to recruitment at age 2 was best described by a multiple linear regression with terms for adult abundance, TP, and predation. Mean recruitment of age-2 fish in the 1978&ndash;1998 year-classes predicted by using the two models in sequence was only about 20% greater than the observed mean recruitment. Model estimates fit the measured data exceptionally well for all but the largest four year-classes, which suggests that the models will facilitate improvement in estimates of trophic transfer due to alewives.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/T03-016.1","usgsCitation":"O’Gorman, R., Lantry, B.F., and Schneider, C.P., 2004, Effect of stock size, climate, predation, and trophic status on recruitment of alewives in Lake Ontario, 1978-2000: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 133, no. 4, p. 855-867, https://doi.org/10.1577/T03-016.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"855","endPage":"867","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6254ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":309717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lantry, Brian F. 0000-0001-8797-3910 bflantry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-3910","contributorId":3435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantry","given":"Brian","email":"bflantry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, Clifford P.","contributorId":45251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70184487,"text":"70184487 - 2004 - Use of PRD1 bacteriophage in groundwater viral transport, inactivation, and attachment studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T15:29:58","indexId":"70184487","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1619,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","onlineIssn":"1574-6941","printIssn":"0168-6496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of PRD1 bacteriophage in groundwater viral transport, inactivation, and attachment studies","docAbstract":"<p><span>PRD1, an icosahedra-shaped, 62 nm (diameter), double-stranded DNA bacteriophage with an internal membrane, has emerged as an important model virus for studying the manner in which microorganisms are transported through a variety of groundwater environments. The popularity of this phage for use in transport studies involving geologic media is due, in part, to its relative stability over a range of temperatures and low degree of attachment in aquifer sediments. Laboratory and field investigations employing PRD1 are leading to a better understanding of viral attachment and transport behaviors in saturated geologic media and to improved methods for describing mathematically subsurface microbial transport at environmentally significant field scales. Radioisotopic labeling of PRD1 is facilitating additional information about the nature of viral interactions with solid surfaces in geologic media, the importance of iron oxide surfaces, and allowing differentiation between inactivation and attachment in field-scale tracer tests.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.femsec.2003.09.015","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R.W., and Ryan, J.N., 2004, Use of PRD1 bacteriophage in groundwater viral transport, inactivation, and attachment studies: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v. 49, no. 1, p. 3-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2003.09.015.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"3","endPage":"16","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2003.09.015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c944e4b0f37a93ee9b59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":681706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000877,"text":"1000877 - 2004 - Organochlorine compounds in Lake Superior: Chiral polychlorinated biphenyls and biotransformation in the aquatic food web","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T15:29:29","indexId":"1000877","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine compounds in Lake Superior: Chiral polychlorinated biphenyls and biotransformation in the aquatic food web","docAbstract":"<p><span>The enantiomeric composition of seven chiral PCB congeners was measured in the Lake Superior aquatic food web sampled in 1998, to determine the extent of enantioselective biotransformation in aquatic biota. All chiral PCB congeners studied (CBs 91, 95, 136, 149, 174, 176, and 183) biomagnified in the Lake Superior aquatic food web, based on biomagnification and food web magnification factors greater than unity. PCB atropisomers were racemic in phytoplankton and zooplankton, suggesting no biotransformation potential toward PCBs for these low trophic level organisms. However,&nbsp;</span><i>Diporeia</i><span>&nbsp;and mysids had significantly nonracemic residues for most chiral congeners studied. This observation suggests that these macrozooplankton can stereoselectively metabolize chiral congeners. Alternatively, macrozooplankton obtained nonracemic residues from feeding on organic-rich suspended particles and sediments, which would imply that stereoselective microbial PCB biotransformation may be occurring in Lake Superior sediments at PCB concentrations far lower than that previously associated with such activity. Widely nonracemic PCB residues in forage fish (lake herring, rainbow smelt, and slimy sculpin) and lake trout suggest a combination of both in vivo biotransformation and uptake of nonracemic residues from prey for these species. Minimum biotransformation rates, calculated from enantiomer mass balances between predators and prey, suggest metabolic half-lives on the order of 8 yr for CB 136 in lake trout and 2.6 yr for CB 95 in sculpins. This result suggests that significant biotransformation may occur for metaboliz able PCB congeners over the lifespan of these biota. This study highlights the potential of chiral analysis to study biotransformation processes in food webs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es0346983","usgsCitation":"Wong, C.S., Mabury, S.A., Whittle, D.M., Backus, S., Teixeira, C., DeVault, D.S., Bronte, C.R., and Muir, D.C., 2004, Organochlorine compounds in Lake Superior: Chiral polychlorinated biphenyls and biotransformation in the aquatic food web: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 1, p. 84-92, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0346983.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"92","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a784","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, Charles S.","contributorId":51239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mabury, Scott A.","contributorId":32860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mabury","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whittle, D. Michael","contributorId":71121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whittle","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Backus, Sean M.","contributorId":31335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backus","given":"Sean M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Teixeira, Camilla","contributorId":57000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teixeira","given":"Camilla","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeVault, David S.","contributorId":22720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeVault","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Muir, Derek C.G.","contributorId":68679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muir","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":1001081,"text":"1001081 - 2004 - Burrowing mayflies as indicators of ecosystem health: Status of populations in two western Lake Superior embayments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T12:49:27","indexId":"1001081","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Burrowing mayflies as indicators of ecosystem health: Status of populations in two western Lake Superior embayments","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Environment Canada are supporting the development of indicators of ecosystem health that can be used to report on progress in restoring and maintaining the Great Lakes ecosystem, as called for in the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the United States and Canada. One indicator under development for Great Lakes mesotrophic environments is based on burrowing mayflies (<i>Hexagenia</i>: Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae). In this paper, we report the results of a benthic survey in spring 2002 to determine the status of nymphal populations of <i>Hexagenia</i> in two western Lake Superior embayments, the St. Louis River estuary, an area with significant water-use impairments, and Chequamegon Bay, an area with no known water-use impairments. Ponar grab samples collected throughout these embayments showed nymphs were generally abundant in finely particulate, cohesive substrate (clay or mixtures of clay and sand) in both embayments. However, in the St. Louis River estuary nymphs were absent in those preferred substrates at 11 stations in the eastern portion of St. Louis Bay and the adjoining northwestern portion of the Duluth-Superior Harbor, where the sediments were variously contaminated with visible amounts of taconite pellets, paint chips, oil, or combusted coal waste (clinkers). Our results suggest that human activities have rendered those portions of the St. Louis River estuary unsuitable for habitation by <i>Hexagenia</i> nymphs and we recommend that trend monitoring of the nymphal population there be conducted to permit reporting on progress in restoring and maintaining the health and integrity of this Great Lakes ecosystem embayment, consistent with the intent of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634980490513346","usgsCitation":"Edsall, T.A., Gorman, O.T., and Evrard, L.M., 2004, Burrowing mayflies as indicators of ecosystem health: Status of populations in two western Lake Superior embayments: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 7, no. 4, p. 507-513, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980490513346.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"507","endPage":"513","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f991c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edsall, Thomas A.","contributorId":84302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":310428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorman, Owen T. 0000-0003-0451-110X otgorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-110X","contributorId":2888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"Owen","email":"otgorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evrard, Lori M. 0000-0001-8582-5818 levrard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8582-5818","contributorId":2720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evrard","given":"Lori","email":"levrard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176529,"text":"70176529 - 2004 - Seasonal methane emissions by diffusion and ebullition from oligohaline marsh environments in coastal Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-20T14:42:23","indexId":"70176529","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Seasonal methane emissions by diffusion and ebullition from oligohaline marsh environments in coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p><span>Methane is an important atmospheric greenhouse gas that is emitted from many natural and anthropogenic sources. In order to evaluate the global methane budget, precise data are needed from the diverse sources including coastal wetlands. Over 100 time-series determinations of methane emissions from an oligohaline wetland (brackish marsh) in coastal Louisiana show large variability during five seasonal sampling periods. Emission by both diffusion and ebullition (bubbles) was measured, however, neither of these emission modes were strongly dependent on either water depth or temperature (except in winter). Methane emission to static collectors placed over plants (</span><i>Scirpus olneyi</i><span> and</span><i>Spartina patens</i><span>) was not significantly different from shallow open water or mud. However, considerable heterogeneity in methane emissions and processes occurs even at a single site. Thus, establishing a reasonable estimate of the overall methane emission for a particular marsh environment and season requires multiple measurements at several sites. The average emissions for April, May, July, and September ranged from 31 to 54 mg/m2/h (744–1296 mg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/day). This can be separated into emissions from diffusion ranging from 8.3 to 20 mg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/h (18–50% of total) and emissions due to ebullition of 20–44 mg/m /h (50–82%). January emissions were much lower, amounting to 0.2 mg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/h (6 mg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/day), mainly by diffusion with only one episode of ebullition. Extrapolating these data to annual emissions gives total annual methane emissions of 203 g/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/yr (61 g/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/yr by diffusion and 142 g/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/yr by ebullition).</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemical investigations in Earth and Space Science: A tribute to Isaac R. Kaplan: The Geochemical Society Special Publications Vol. 9","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Geochemical Society","doi":"10.1016/S1873-9881(04)80028-2","usgsCitation":"Leventhal, J.S., and Guntenspergen, G.R., 2004, Seasonal methane emissions by diffusion and ebullition from oligohaline marsh environments in coastal Louisiana, chap. <i>of</i> Geochemical investigations in Earth and Space Science: A tribute to Isaac R. Kaplan: The Geochemical Society Special Publications Vol. 9, v. 9, p. 389-408, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1873-9881(04)80028-2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"408","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328771,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe932ee4b0824b2d14c992","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leventhal, Joel S.","contributorId":36529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leventhal","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026328,"text":"70026328 - 2004 - Strontium isotopic signatures of oil-field waters: Applications for reservoir characterization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70026328","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium isotopic signatures of oil-field waters: Applications for reservoir characterization","docAbstract":"The 87Sr/86Sr compositions of formation waters that were collected from 71 wells producing from a Pennsylvanian carbonate reservoir in New Mexico display a well-defined distribution, with radiogenic waters (up to 0.710129) at the updip western part of the reservoir, grading downdip to less radiogenic waters (as low as 0.708903 to the east. Salinity (2800-50,000 mg/L) displays a parallel trend; saline waters to the west pass downdip to brackish waters. Elemental and isotopic data indicate that the waters originated as meteoric precipitation and acquired their salinity and radiogenic 87Sr through dissolution of Upper Permian evaporites. These meteoric-derived waters descended, perhaps along deeply penetrating faults, driven by gravity and density, to depths of more than 7000 ft (2100 m). The 87 Sr/86Sr and salinity trends record influx of these waters along the western field margin and downdip flow across the field, consistent with the strong water drive, potentiometric gradient, and tilted gas-oil-water contacts. The formation water 87Sr/86Sr composition can be useful to evaluate subsurface flow and reservoir behavior, especially in immature fields with scarce pressure and production data. In mature reservoirs, Sr Sr isotopes can be used to differentiate original formation water from injected water for waterflood surveillance. Strontium isotopes thus provide a valuable tool for both static and dynamic reservoir characterization in conjunction with conventional studies using seismic, log, core, engineering, and production data. Copyright ??2004. The American Association of Petroleum Geologist. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/07130404002","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Barnaby, R., Oetting, G., and Gao, G., 2004, Strontium isotopic signatures of oil-field waters: Applications for reservoir characterization: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 88, no. 12, p. 1677-1704, https://doi.org/10.1306/07130404002.","startPage":"1677","endPage":"1704","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208469,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/07130404002"},{"id":234225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bb9e4b08c986b31d057","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnaby, R.J.","contributorId":67699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnaby","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oetting, G.C.","contributorId":66033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oetting","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gao, G.","contributorId":86941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026318,"text":"70026318 - 2004 - Modification of pure oxygen absorption equipment for concurrent stripping of carbon dioxide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026318","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modification of pure oxygen absorption equipment for concurrent stripping of carbon dioxide","docAbstract":"The high solubility of carbon dioxide precludes significant desorption within commercial oxygen absorption equipment. This operating characteristic of the equipment limits its application in recirculating water culture systems despite its ability to significantly increase allowable fish loading rates (kg/(L min)). Carbon dioxide (DC) is typically removed by air stripping. This process requires a significant energy input for forced air movement, air heating in cold climates and water pumping. We developed a modification for a spray tower that provides for carbon dioxide desorption as well as oxygen absorption. Elimination of the air-stripping step reduces pumping costs while allowing dissolved nitrogen to drop below saturation concentrations. This latter response provides for an improvement in oxygen absorption efficiency within the spray tower. DC desorption is achieved by directing head-space gases from the spray tower (O2, N2, CO2) through a sealed packed tower scrubber receiving a 2 N NaOH solution. Carbon dioxide is selectively removed from the gas stream, by chemical reaction, forming the product Na 2CO3. Scrubber off-gas, lean with regard to carbon dioxide but still rich with oxygen, is redirected through the spray tower for further stripping of DC and absorption of oxygen. Make-up NaOH is metered into the scrubbing solution sump on an as needed basis as directed by a feedback control loop programmed to maintain a scrubbing solution pH of 11.4-11.8. The spent NaOH solution is collected, then regenerated for reuse, in a batch process that requires relatively inexpensive hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2). A by-product of the regeneration step is an alkaline filter cake, which may have use in bio-solids stabilization. Given the enhanced gas transfer rates possible with chemical reaction, the required NaOH solution flow rate through the scrubber represents a fraction of the spray tower water flow rate. Further, isolation of the water being treated from the atmosphere (1), allows for an improvement in oxygen absorption efficiency by maintaining DN well below local saturation concentrations (2), minimizes building energy requirements related to heating and ventilation and (3), reduces the potential for pathogen transmittance. We report on the performance of a test scrubber evaluated over a range of NaOH solution temperatures, pH, packing irrigation rates, and gas stream compositions. We also describe our experience with the process in a pilot scale recirculating water (trout) production system.","largerWorkTitle":"Aquacultural Engineering","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2004.03.010","issn":"01448609","usgsCitation":"Watten, B., Sibrell, P., Montgomery, G., and Tsukuda, S., 2004, Modification of pure oxygen absorption equipment for concurrent stripping of carbon dioxide, <i>in</i> Aquacultural Engineering, v. 32, no. 1, p. 183-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2004.03.010.","startPage":"183","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478274,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2004.03.010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208348,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2004.03.010"},{"id":234042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5cb0e4b0c8380cd6fe9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watten, B.J. 0000-0002-2227-8623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":11537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":408987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sibrell, P.L.","contributorId":13343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Montgomery, G.A.","contributorId":102248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tsukuda, S.M.","contributorId":70157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsukuda","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026329,"text":"70026329 - 2004 - Evidence for increased latent heat transport during the Cretaceous (Albian) greenhouse warming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026329","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for increased latent heat transport during the Cretaceous (Albian) greenhouse warming","docAbstract":"Quantitative estimates of increased heat transfer by atmospheric H 2O vapor during the Albian greenhouse warming suggest that the intensified hydrologic cycle played a greater role in warming high latitudes than at present and thus represents a viable alternative to oceanic heat transport. Sphaerosiderite ??18O values in paleosols of the North American Cretaceous Western Interior Basin are a proxy for meteoric ??18O values, and mass-balance modeling results suggest that Albian precipitation rates exceeded modern rates at both mid and high latitudes. Comparison of modeled Albian and modern precipitation minus evaporation values suggests amplification of the Albian moisture deficit in the tropics and moisture surplus in the mid to high latitudes. The tropical moisture deficit represents an average heat loss of ???75 W/m2 at 10??N paleolatitude (at present, 21 W/m2). The increased precipitation at higher latitudes implies an average heat gain of ???83 W/m2 at 45??N (at present, 23 W/m2) and of 19 W/m2 at 75??N (at present, 4 W/m2). These estimates of increased poleward heat transfer by H2O vapor during the Albian may help to explain the reduced equator-to-pole temperature gradients. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G20828.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Ufnar, D.F., Gonzalez, L.A., Ludvigson, G.A., Brenner, R.L., and Witzke, B., 2004, Evidence for increased latent heat transport during the Cretaceous (Albian) greenhouse warming: Geology, v. 32, no. 12, p. 1049-1052, https://doi.org/10.1130/G20828.1.","startPage":"1049","endPage":"1052","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208487,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G20828.1"},{"id":234259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d43e4b0c8380cd52eec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ufnar, David F.","contributorId":64371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ufnar","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez, Luis A.","contributorId":20922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludvigson, Greg A.","contributorId":80803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brenner, Richard L.","contributorId":94457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenner","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13387,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game - Commercial Fisheries, P.O. Box 669, Cordova, AK  99574","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":409034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Witzke, B.J.","contributorId":12976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzke","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026332,"text":"70026332 - 2004 - Spatial and temporal variation of Cenozoic surface elevation in the Great Basin and Sierra Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-24T17:58:01.216656","indexId":"70026332","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variation of Cenozoic surface elevation in the Great Basin and Sierra Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>The surface uplift of mountain belts caused by tectonism plays an important role in determining the long-term climate evolution of the Earth. However, the general lack of information on the paleotopography of mountain belts limits our ability to identify the links and feedbacks between topography, tectonics, and climate change on geologic time-scales. Here, we present a <span>δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O and δD</span> record of authigenic minerals for the northern Great Basin that captures the timing and magnitude of regional surface uplift and subsidence events in the western United States during the Cenozoic. Authigenic calcite, smectite, and chert <span>δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span> values suggest the northern Great Basin region experienced ~2km of surface uplift between the middle Eocene and early Oligocene followed by ~1 to 2km of surface subsidence in the southern Great Basin and/or Sierra Nevada since the middle Miocene. These data when combined with previously published work show that the surface uplift history varied in both space and time. Surface uplift migrated from north to south with high elevations in southern British Columbia and northeastern Washington in the middle Eocene and development of surface uplift in north and central Nevada in the Oligocene. This pattern of north to south surface uplift is similar to the timing of magmatism in the western Cordillera, a result that supports tectonic models linking magamtism with removal of mantle lithosphere and/or a subducting slab.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.304.10.862","usgsCitation":"Horton, T., Sjostrom, D., Abruzzese, M., Poage, M., Waldbauer, J., Hren, M., Wooden, J., and Chamberlain, C., 2004, Spatial and temporal variation of Cenozoic surface elevation in the Great Basin and Sierra Nevada: American Journal of Science, v. 304, no. 10, p. 862-888, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.304.10.862.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"862","endPage":"888","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478203,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.304.10.862","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.4541015625,\n              39.16414104768742\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.3447265625,\n              37.26530995561875\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0380859375,\n              36.73888412439431\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.19238281249999,\n              37.50972584293751\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.357421875,\n              39.53793974517628\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.26953125,\n              42.48830197960227\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.73046875,\n              41.86956082699455\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.19140625,\n              41.64007838467894\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.90527343750001,\n              42.52069952914966\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.32226562500001,\n              42.74701217318067\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.4541015625,\n              39.16414104768742\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"304","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9458e4b08c986b31aa08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, T.W.","contributorId":98509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sjostrom, D.J.","contributorId":92840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sjostrom","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abruzzese, M.J.","contributorId":53996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abruzzese","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poage, M.A.","contributorId":100588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poage","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waldbauer, J.R.","contributorId":84956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldbauer","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hren, M.","contributorId":96879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hren","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wooden, J.","contributorId":21736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chamberlain, C. P.","contributorId":103841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chamberlain","given":"C. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70026301,"text":"70026301 - 2004 - Genotoxicity in native fish associated with agricultural runoff events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T07:44:37","indexId":"70026301","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genotoxicity in native fish associated with agricultural runoff events","docAbstract":"<p>The primary objective of the present study was to test whether agricultural chemical runoff was associated with in-stream genotoxicity in native fish. Using Sacramento sucker (Catostomus occidentalis), we combined field-caging experiments in an agriculturally dominated watershed with controlled laboratory exposures to field-collected water samples, and we coupled genotoxicity biomarker measurements in fish with bacterial mutagenicity analysis of water samples. We selected DNA strand breakage as a genotoxicity biomarker and Ames Salmonella mutagenicity tests as a second, supporting indicator of genotoxicity. Data from experiments conducted during rainfall runoff events following winter application of pesticides in 2000 and 2001 indicated that DNA strand breaks were significantly elevated in fish exposed to San Joaquin River (CA, USA) water (38.8, 28.4, and 53.6% DNA strand breakage in year 2000 field, year 2000 lab, and year 2001 field exposures, respectively) compared with a nearby reference site (15.4, 8.7, and 12.6% DNA strand breakage in year 2000 field, year 2000 lab, and year 2001 field exposures, respectively). Time-course measurements in field experiments supported a linkage between induction of DNA strand breakage and the timing of agricultural runoff. San Joaquin River water also caused significant reversion mutation in two Ames Salmonella tester strains. Salmonella mutagenicity corroborated in-stream effects, further strengthening a causal relationship between runoff events and genotoxicity. Potentially responsible agents are discussed in the context of timing of runoff events in the field, concordance between laboratory and field exposures, pesticide application patterns in the drainage, and analytical chemistry data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/03-649.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Whitehead, A., Kuivila, K., Orlando, J.L., Kotelevtsev, S., and Anderson, S.L., 2004, Genotoxicity in native fish associated with agricultural runoff events: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 23, no. 12, p. 2868-2877, https://doi.org/10.1897/03-649.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2868","endPage":"2877","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208525,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/03-649.1"}],"volume":"23","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1593e4b0c8380cd54e99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitehead, Andrew","contributorId":72055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":190790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":408926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orlando, James L. 0000-0002-0099-7221 jorlando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-7221","contributorId":1368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"James","email":"jorlando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":408924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kotelevtsev, S.","contributorId":28783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotelevtsev","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, Susan L.","contributorId":87062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026334,"text":"70026334 - 2004 - Standard penetration test-based probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic soil liquefaction potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026334","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Standard penetration test-based probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic soil liquefaction potential","docAbstract":"This paper presents'new correlations for assessment of the likelihood of initiation (or triggering) of soil liquefaction. These new correlations eliminate several sources of bias intrinsic to previous, similar correlations, and provide greatly reduced overall uncertainty and variance. Key elements in the development of these new correlations are (1) accumulation of a significantly expanded database of field performance case histories; (2) use of improved knowledge and understanding of factors affecting interpretation of standard penetration test data; (3) incorporation of improved understanding of factors affecting site-specific earthquake ground motions (including directivity effects, site-specific response, etc.); (4) use of improved methods for assessment of in situ cyclic shear stress ratio; (5) screening of field data case histories on a quality/uncertainty basis; and (6) use of high-order probabilistic tools (Bayesian updating). The resulting relationships not only provide greatly reduced uncertainty, they also help to resolve a number of corollary issues that have long been difficult and controversial including: (1) magnitude-correlated duration weighting factors, (2) adjustments for fines content, and (3) corrections for overburden stress. ?? ASCE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:12(1314)","issn":"10900241","usgsCitation":"Cetin, K., Seed, R., Der Kiureghian, A., Tokimatsu, K., Harder, L., Kayen, R.E., and Moss, R., 2004, Standard penetration test-based probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic soil liquefaction potential: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 130, no. 12, p. 1314-1340, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:12(1314).","startPage":"1314","endPage":"1340","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478196,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/51p3w4fr","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208526,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:12(1314)"},{"id":234328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96aae4b08c986b31b63e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cetin, K.O.","contributorId":69339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cetin","given":"K.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seed, R.B.","contributorId":34691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seed","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Der Kiureghian, A.","contributorId":14615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Der Kiureghian","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tokimatsu, K.","contributorId":85756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tokimatsu","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harder, L.F. Jr.","contributorId":37123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harder","given":"L.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kayen, R. E.","contributorId":14424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moss, R.E.S.","contributorId":71362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"R.E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70026324,"text":"70026324 - 2004 - Resolving global versus local/regional Pu sources in the environment using sector ICP-MS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026324","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2155,"text":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resolving global versus local/regional Pu sources in the environment using sector ICP-MS","docAbstract":"Sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is a versatile method for the determination of plutonium activities and isotopic compositions in samples containing this element at fallout levels. Typical detection limits for 239+240Pu are 0.1, 0.02 and 0.002 Bq kg -1Pu for samples sizes of 0.5 g, 3 g, and 50 g of soil, respectively. The application of sector ICP-MS-based Pu determinations is demonstrated in studies in sediment chronology, soil Pu inventory and depth distribution, and the provenance of global fallout versus local or regional Pu sources. A sediment core collected from Sloans Lake (Denver, Colorado, USA) exhibits very similar 137Cs and 239+240Pu activity profiles; 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios indicate possible small influences from the Nevada Test Site and/or the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site. An undisturbed soil profile from Lockett Meadow (Flagstaff, Arizona, USA) exhibits an exponential decrease in 239+240Pu activity versus depth; 240Pu/239Pu in the top 3 cm is slightly lower than the global fallout range of 0.180 ?? 0.014 due to possible regional influence of Nevada Test Site fallout. The 239??240Pu inventory at Lockett Meadow is 56 ?? 4 Bq m-2, consistent with Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude fallout. Archived NdF3 sources, prepared from Polish soils, demonstrate that substantial 239+240Pu from the 1986 Chernobyl disaster has been deposited in north eastern regions of Poland; compared to global fallout, Chernobyl Pu exhibits higher abundances of 240Pu and 241Pu. The ratios 240Pu/239pu and 241Pu/239Pu co-vary and range from 0.186-0.348 and 0.0029-0.0412, respectively, in forest soils (241Pu/239Pu = 0.2407??[240Pu/239Pu] - 0.0413; r2 = 0.9924). ?? The Royal Society of Chemistry 2004.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1039/b302903d","issn":"02679477","usgsCitation":"Ketterer, M., Hafer, K., Link, C., Kolwaite, D., Wilson, J., and Mietelski, J., 2004, Resolving global versus local/regional Pu sources in the environment using sector ICP-MS: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, v. 19, no. 2, p. 241-245, https://doi.org/10.1039/b302903d.","startPage":"241","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208418,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b302903d"},{"id":234158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa9d8e4b0c8380cd85fe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketterer, M.E.","contributorId":58433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketterer","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hafer, K.M.","contributorId":98086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hafer","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Link, C.L.","contributorId":82505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolwaite, D.","contributorId":97292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolwaite","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, Jim","contributorId":10503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mietelski, J.W.","contributorId":55612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mietelski","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026340,"text":"70026340 - 2004 - Rupture process of the M 7.9 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake: Subevents, directivity, and scaling of high-frequency ground motions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-15T10:00:19.489628","indexId":"70026340","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rupture process of the M 7.9 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake: Subevents, directivity, and scaling of high-frequency ground motions","docAbstract":"Displacement waveforms and high-frequency acceleration envelopes from stations at distances of 3-300 km were inverted to determine the source process of the M 7.9 Denali fault earthquake. Fitting the initial portion of the displacement waveforms indicates that the earthquake started with an oblique thrust subevent (subevent # 1) with an east-west-striking, north-dipping nodal plane consistent with the observed surface rupture on the Susitna Glacier fault. Inversion of the remainder of the waveforms (0.02-0.5 Hz) for moment release along the Denali and Totschunda faults shows that rupture proceeded eastward on the Denali fault, with two strike-slip subevents (numbers 2 and 3) centered about 90 and 210 km east of the hypocenter. Subevent 2 was located across from the station at PS 10 (Trans-Alaska Pipeline Pump Station #10) and was very localized in space and time. Subevent 3 extended from 160 to 230 km east of the hypocenter and had the largest moment of the subevents. Based on the timing between subevent 2 and the east end of subevent 3, an average rupture velocity of 3.5 km/sec, close to the shear wave velocity at the average rupture depth, was found. However, the portion of the rupture 130-220 km east of the epicenter appears to have an effective rupture velocity of about 5.0 km/ sec, which is supershear. These two subevents correspond approximately to areas of large surface offsets observed after the earthquake. Using waveforms of the M 6.7 Nenana Mountain earthquake as empirical Green's functions, the high-frequency (1-10 Hz) envelopes of the M 7.9 earthquake were inverted to determine the location of high-frequency energy release along the faults. The initial thrust subevent produced the largest high-frequency energy release per unit fault length. The high-frequency envelopes and acceleration spectra (>0.5 Hz) of the M 7.9 earthquake can be simulated by chaining together rupture zones of the M 6.7 earthquake over distances from 30 to 180 km east of the hypocenter. However, the inversion indicates that there was relatively little high-frequency energy generated along the 60-km portion of the Totschunda fault on the east end of the rupture.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040612","usgsCitation":"Frankel, A., 2004, Rupture process of the M 7.9 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake: Subevents, directivity, and scaling of high-frequency ground motions: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6B, p. S234-S255, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040612.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"S234","endPage":"S255","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":1001050,"text":"1001050 - 2004 - Modeling the suppression of sea lamprey populations by the release of sterile males or sterile females","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-13T12:16:48.222082","indexId":"1001050","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the suppression of sea lamprey populations by the release of sterile males or sterile females","docAbstract":"<p>The suppressive effects of trapping adult sea lampreys, <i>Petromyzon marinus</i> Linnaeus, and releasing sterile males (SMRT) or females (SFRT) into a closed system were expressed in deterministic models. Suppression was modeled as a function of the proportion of the population removed by trapping, the number of sterile animals released, the reproductive rate and sex ratio of the population, and (for the SFRT) the rate of polygyny. Releasing sterile males reduced populations more quickly than did the release of sterile females. For a population in which 30% are trapped, sterile animals are initially released at ratio of 10 sterile to 1 fertile animal, 5 adult progeny are produced per fertile mating, 60% are male, and males mate with an average of 1.65 females, the initial population is reduced 87% by SMRT and 68% by SFRT in one generation. The extent of suppression achieved is most sensitive to changes in the initial sterile release ratio. Given the current status of sea lamprey populations and trapping operations in the Great Lakes, the sterile-male-release technique has the best chance for success on a lake-wide basis if implemented in Lake Michigan. The effectiveness of the sterile-female-release technique should be investigated in a controlled study. Advancing trapping technology should be a high priority in the near term, and artificial rearing of sea lampreys to the adult stage should be a high priority in the long term. The diligent pursuit of sea lamprey suppression over a period of several decades can be expected to yield great benefits.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(04)70363-9","usgsCitation":"Klassen, W., Adams, J.V., and Twohey, M.B., 2004, Modeling the suppression of sea lamprey populations by the release of sterile males or sterile females: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 30, no. 4, p. 463-473, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(04)70363-9.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"473","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.724609375,\n              46.73986059969267\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.17578124999999,\n              46.195042108660154\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.802734375,\n              46.255846818480315\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.59374999999999,\n              42.09822241118974\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.36328125,\n              41.50857729743935\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.1328125,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.869140625,\n              43.96119063892024\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.375,\n              45.336701909968134\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.84765625,\n              43.58039085560784\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.3203125,\n              41.376808565702355\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.453125,\n              41.64007838467894\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.673828125,\n              44.33956524809713\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.31054687499999,\n              44.465151013519616\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.98046875,\n              45.767522962149876\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.71484375,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.52734374999999,\n              48.22467264956519\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.724609375,\n              46.73986059969267\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae35c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klassen, Waldemar","contributorId":89476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klassen","given":"Waldemar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twohey, Michael B.","contributorId":62541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twohey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":310345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026308,"text":"70026308 - 2004 - Preliminary results of a dam-removal analysis on brewster creek near st. Charles, Illinois, 2002-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026308","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Preliminary results of a dam-removal analysis on brewster creek near st. Charles, Illinois, 2002-2004","docAbstract":"The benefits of gradually removing a dam (through multiple notches) are to reduce the total project cost and reduce possible environmental effects by allowing the impounded sediment to slowly move downstream, and a stable stream and revegetated floodplain to form upstream. Notching, in this study of a dam on Brewster Creek, near St. Charles, Illinois, involves cutting a given height (in five 12-18 inch notches over approximately a 9 month period) across the length (or some portion of the length) of the dam. Brewster Creek is a tributary of the Fox River in northeastern, Illinois. Sediment, dissolved oxygen, and geomorphic response are being monitored before, during, and after a gradual (notching) removal of the dam. The study area includes the creek reach immediately below the dam and above the lake. Preliminary data analysis indicate that during and after the removal, the relation between the sediment transported to the study area from upstream and the sediment transported out of the study area remained relatively stable. This preliminary result indicates that the notching system created a fairly slow and predictable sediment transport response to storms, when compared to known upstream sediment loads. This result corresponds to the slow geomorphic response at the site since inception of the notching sequence in 2003. The creek responded to the five notches removed over the course of 9 months by gradually cutting through the former lakebed sediment to establish a meandering channel. Notchings did not appreciably affect dissolved oxygen concentrations in Brewster Creek.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2004 Self-Sustaining Solutions for Streams, Wetlands, and Watersheds Conference","conferenceTitle":"2004 Self-Sustaining Solutions for Streams, Westlands, and Watersheds Conference","conferenceDate":"12 September 2004 through 15 September 2004","conferenceLocation":"St Paul, MN","language":"English","isbn":"1892769441","usgsCitation":"Kosky, K., Straub, T.D., Roseboom, D., and Johnson, G., 2004, Preliminary results of a dam-removal analysis on brewster creek near st. Charles, Illinois, 2002-2004, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 2004 Self-Sustaining Solutions for Streams, Wetlands, and Watersheds Conference, St Paul, MN, 12 September 2004 through 15 September 2004, p. 266-272.","startPage":"266","endPage":"272","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8a65e4b0c8380cd7e04c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"D'Ambrosio J.L.","contributorId":128433,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"D'Ambrosio J.L.","id":536591,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Kosky, K.M.","contributorId":62383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosky","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straub, T. D.","contributorId":88775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roseboom, D.P.","contributorId":44331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseboom","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, G.P.","contributorId":34554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"G.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026310,"text":"70026310 - 2004 - The Coso geothermal area: A laboratory for advanced MEQ studies for geothermal monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-31T18:05:27.872703","indexId":"70026310","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The Coso geothermal area: A laboratory for advanced MEQ studies for geothermal monitoring","docAbstract":"<p>The permanent 16-station network of three-component digital seismometers at the Coso geothermal area, California, supplemented by 14 temporary instruments deployed in connection with the DOE Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) Project, provides high-quality microearthquake (MEQ) recordings that are well suited to monitoring a producing geothermal area. We are currently using these data to investigate structure and active processes within the geothermal reservoir by applying three advanced methods: a) high-precision MEQ hypocenter location; b) time-dependent tomography; c) complete (moment tensor) MEQ source mechanism determination. Preliminary results to date resolve seismogenic structures in the producing field more clearly than is possible with conventional earthquake-location techniques. A shallow part of the producing field shows clear changes in the ratio of the seismic wave speeds, <i>V<sub>p</sub></i>/<i>V<sub>s</sub></i>, between 1996 and 2002, which are probably related to physical changes in the reservoir caused by fluid extraction.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermal Resources Council Transactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Geothermal Energy: The Reliable Renewable - Geothermal Resources Council 2004 Annual Meeting, GRC","conferenceDate":"August 29-September 1, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Indian Wells, California, United States","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","issn":"01935933","usgsCitation":"Julian, B., Foulger, G., and Richards-Dinger, K., 2004, The Coso geothermal area: A laboratory for advanced MEQ studies for geothermal monitoring, <i>in</i> Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 28, Indian Wells, California, United States, August 29-September 1, 2004, p. 403-405.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"403","endPage":"405","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234468,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":412508,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geothermal-library.org/index.php?mode=pubs&action=view&record=1022507"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coso Geothermal Area, Coso Volcanic Field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.9428256323103,\n              36.09078737099766\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.92016633055245,\n              35.979179875670326\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.89750702879459,\n              35.93304707841433\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.89476044676346,\n              35.909136361180586\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.8569949438338,\n              35.87242213045528\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.75605805418513,\n              35.904687058147786\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.75468476316959,\n              36.002513914194296\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.7485049535994,\n              36.09689067835505\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.9428256323103,\n              36.09078737099766\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6efe4b08c986b3212e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Julian, B.R.","contributorId":101272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foulger, G.R.","contributorId":14439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foulger","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richards-Dinger, K.","contributorId":37125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards-Dinger","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026311,"text":"70026311 - 2004 - An integrated geospatial approach to monitoring the Bering Glacier system, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026311","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An integrated geospatial approach to monitoring the Bering Glacier system, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Bering Glacier is the largest and longest glacier in continental North America, with an area of approximately 5,175 km2, and a length of 190 km. It is also the largest surging glacier in America, having surged at least five times during the twentieth century. The last surge of the Bering Glacier occurred in 1993-1995, since then, the glacier has undergone constant and significant retreat thereby expanding the boundaries of Vitus Lake and creating a highly dynamic system, both ecologically and hydrologically. This study utilized GIS to integrate remote sensing observations, with detailed bathymetric, hydrographic and in situ water quality measurements of the rapidly expanding Vitus Lake. Vitus Lake has nearly doubled in surface area from 58.4 km2 to 108.8 km2, with a corresponding increase in water volume from 6.1 km3 to 10.5 km3 over the same period. The remote sensing observations were used to direct a systematic bathymetric, hydrographic and water quality measurement survey in Vitus Lake which revealed a complex three dimensional structure that is the result of sea water inflow, convection generated by ice melting and the injection of fresh water from beneath the glacier.","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings: Science for Society: Exploring and Managing a Changing Planet. IGARSS 2004","conferenceDate":"20 September 2004 through 24 September 2004","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Josberger, E., Payne, J., Savage, S., Shuchman, R., and Meadows, G., 2004, An integrated geospatial approach to monitoring the Bering Glacier system, Alaska, <i>in</i> International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), v. 2, Anchorage, AK, 20 September 2004 through 24 September 2004, p. 1140-1143.","startPage":"1140","endPage":"1143","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea80e4b0c8380cd488e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Payne, J.","contributorId":37126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savage, S.","contributorId":103049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shuchman, R.","contributorId":44719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuchman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meadows, G.","contributorId":38439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meadows","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026336,"text":"70026336 - 2004 - Beliefs and attitudes toward lethal management of deer in Cuyahoga Valley National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026336","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Beliefs and attitudes toward lethal management of deer in Cuyahoga Valley National Park","docAbstract":"We used the theory of reasoned action to help understand attitudes and beliefs about lethal management of deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Cuyahoga Valley National Park (CVNP), Ohio. We used a mail-back survey to collect data from Ohio residents in the surrounding 9-county area. Two strata were defined: residents <10 km from CVNP (near n = 369) and residents =10 km from CVNP (far n = 312). Respondents indicated that lethal control of deer was acceptable (near 71%??4.7%, far 62%??5.5%) and taking no action to reduce deer populations was unacceptable (near 75%??4.5%, far 72%??5.1%). Beliefs about outcomes of lethal control and evaluation of those outcomes proved to be strong predictors of the acceptability of lethal control of deer in CVNP. Lethal control was more acceptable if it was done to prevent severe consequences for humans (e.g., spread of disease, car collisions) or the natural environment (e.g., maintain a healthy deer herd) than to prevent negative aesthetic impacts or personal property damage. Results from the study can be used to assist managers at CVNP as they make decisions regarding alternatives for deer management in the park and to inform others managing abundant deer populations of socially relevant impacts of management actions.","largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[1166:BAATLM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Fulton, D., Skerl, K., Shank, E., and Lime, D., 2004, Beliefs and attitudes toward lethal management of deer in Cuyahoga Valley National Park, <i>in</i> Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 32, no. 4, p. 1166-1176, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[1166:BAATLM]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1166","endPage":"1176","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208551,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[1166:BAATLM]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0ace4b0c8380cd4a85b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulton, D.C.","contributorId":50104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skerl, K.","contributorId":44330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skerl","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shank, E.M.","contributorId":85375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shank","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lime, D.W.","contributorId":32865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lime","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1000867,"text":"1000867 - 2004 - Rapid assessment indicator of wetland integrity as an unintended predictor of avian diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T11:51:30","indexId":"1000867","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid assessment indicator of wetland integrity as an unintended predictor of avian diversity","docAbstract":"<p>Rapid assessment of aquatic ecosystems has been widely implemented, sometimes without thorough evaluation of the robustness of rapid assessment metrics as indicators of ecological integrity. Here, we evaluate whether the Ohio Rapid Assessment Method (ORAM) for Wetlands Version 5.0 is a useful indicator of ecological integrity beyond its intended purpose. ORAM was developed to categorize natural wetlands for regulatory purposes and to contribute to the development of indicators of biotic integrity. It was never intended for use as an index of the quality of habitat for wetland birds. Nonetheless, it is conceivable that ORAM scores could serve as adequate predictors of avian diversity. We evaluated whether avian species richness in wetlands could be reliably predicted from each of the following variables: (1) total ORAM score, (2) total score minus the score for one metric that did not apply to all wetlands, and (3) sum of scores for the four ORAM components (of 16 scored) with the highest potential point total. These four components corresponded to aquatic vegetation communities, microtopography, modifications to natural hydrologic regime, and sources of water. All three variables were significant predictors of both total species richness and mean species richness of birds of conservation concern. Variable (3) was a significant predictor of mean species richness of wetland-dependent birds. Variable (2) was a weak predictor of both total and mean species richness of all birds combined. These results extend the robustness of ORAM as an indicator of the ecological integrity of wetlands.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:HYDR.0000027731.16535.53","usgsCitation":"Stapanian, M.A., Waite, T.A., Krzys, G., Mack, J.J., and Micacchion, M., 2004, Rapid assessment indicator of wetland integrity as an unintended predictor of avian diversity: Hydrobiologia, v. 520, no. 1-3, p. 119-126, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000027731.16535.53.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"126","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"520","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64945e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stapanian, Martin A. 0000-0001-8173-4273 mstapanian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-4273","contributorId":3425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","email":"mstapanian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, Thomas A.","contributorId":98691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krzys, Gregory","contributorId":87508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krzys","given":"Gregory","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mack, John J.","contributorId":55395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Micacchion, Mick","contributorId":21511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micacchion","given":"Mick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026325,"text":"70026325 - 2004 - Brown bear response to elevated viewing structures at Brooks River, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70026325","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Brown bear response to elevated viewing structures at Brooks River, Alaska","docAbstract":"The increasing popularity of brown bear (Ursus arctos) viewing at Brooks River in Katmai National Park, Alaska has resulted in overcrowded facilities, increasing bear-human conflicts, displacement of bears from important habitats, and degradation of cultural resources. To partially address these issues, the National Park Service (NPS) constructed a 300-m-long elevated boardwalk with interconnected viewing platforms in August 2000. To determine what effects the new structures might have on individual bears, we observed bear movements and behaviors before and after construction. We used direct observations and motion-detection cameras to construct temporal-spatial profiles of bear activity. Although bear numbers were similar (59 bears in 2000 and 56 bears in 2001) and bear activity within the greater Brooks River area did not differ (P = 0.62, n = 29) between the 2 years of this study, trail crossings in the vicinity of the new structures decreased 78% (7,436 crossings in 2000 and 1,646 crossings in 2001; ??2 = 762, df = 14, P < 0.001). Bear temporal use of the boardwalk area changed such that when human use was highest, bear use was proportionally lower in the post- versus pre-construction phase (??2 = 34, df = 3, P < 0.005). Of 123 direct observations of bears approaching to pass beneath the structures, only 19.5% rerouted or avoided crossing under the structures. Bears' responses to the new structures were influenced by the behavior of visitors upon the structures. Potential management tools to minimize impacts of these structures on bears include enhanced public education regarding visitor conduct on the boardwalk, as well as visitor management and monitoring.","largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[1132:BBRTEV]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"DeBruyn, T., Smith, T.S., Proffitt, K., Partridge, S., and Drummer, T., 2004, Brown bear response to elevated viewing structures at Brooks River, Alaska, <i>in</i> Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 32, no. 4, p. 1132-1140, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[1132:BBRTEV]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1132","endPage":"1140","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208443,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[1132:BBRTEV]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f28ce4b0c8380cd4b23f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeBruyn, T.D.","contributorId":73382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBruyn","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, T. S.","contributorId":47326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Proffitt, K.","contributorId":37509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proffitt","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Partridge, S.","contributorId":96878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Partridge","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drummer, T.D.","contributorId":35279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drummer","given":"T.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026330,"text":"70026330 - 2004 - Hydraulic tests in highly permeable aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T11:00:55","indexId":"70026330","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulic tests in highly permeable aquifers","docAbstract":"<p><span>A semianalytical solution is presented for a mathematical model describing the flow of groundwater in response to a slug or pumping test in a highly permeable, confined aquifer. This solution, which is appropriate for wells of any degree of penetration and incorporates inertial mechanisms at both the test and observation wells, can be used to gain new insights into hydraulic tests in highly permeable settings. The oscillatory character of slug‐ and pumping‐induced responses will vary considerably across a site, even in an essentially homogeneous formation, when wells of different radii, depths, and screen lengths are used. Thus variations in the oscillatory character of responses do not necessarily indicate variations in hydraulic conductivity (K). Existing models for slug tests in partially penetrating wells in high‐K aquifers neglect the storage properties of the media. That assumption, however, appears reasonable for a wide range of common conditions. Unlike in less permeable formations, drawdown at an observation well in a high‐K aquifer will be affected by head losses in the pumping well. Those losses, which affect the form of the pumping‐induced oscillations, can be difficult to characterize. Thus analyses of observation‐well drawdown should utilize data from the period after the oscillations have dissipated whenever possible. Although inertial mechanisms can have a large impact on early‐time drawdown, that impact decreases rapidly with duration of pumping and distance to the observation well. Conventional methods that do not consider inertial mechanisms should therefore be viable options for the analysis of drawdown data at moderate to large times.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003WR002998","usgsCitation":"Butler, J.J., and Zhan, X., 2004, Hydraulic tests in highly permeable aquifers: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 12, Article W12402; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002998.","productDescription":"Article W12402; 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478130,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003wr002998","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3308e4b0c8380cd5ec83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, James J. Jr.","contributorId":199860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhan, Xiaoyong","contributorId":140206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhan","given":"Xiaoyong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035531,"text":"70035531 - 2004 - Simulation of an urban ground-water-flow system in the Menomonee Valley, Milwaukee, Wisconsin using analytic element modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035531","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulation of an urban ground-water-flow system in the Menomonee Valley, Milwaukee, Wisconsin using analytic element modeling","docAbstract":"A single-layer, steady-state analytic element model was constructed to simulate shallow ground-water flow in the Menomonee Valley, an old industrial center southwest of downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Project objectives were to develop an understanding of the shallow ground-water flow system and identify primary receptors of recharge to the valley. The analytic element model simulates flow in a 18.3 m (60 ft) thick layer of estuarine and alluvial sediments and man-made fill that comprises the shallow aquifer across the valley. The thin, laterally extensive nature of the shallow aquifer suggests horizontal-flow predominates, thus the system can appropriately be modeled with the Dupuit-Forchheimer approximation in an analytic element model. The model was calibrated to the measured baseflow increase between two USGS gages on the Menomonee River, 90 head measurements taken in and around the valley during December 1999, and vertical gradients measured at five locations under the river and estuary in the valley. Recent construction of the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewer District Inline Storage System (ISS) in the Silurian dolomite under the Menomonee Valley has locally lowered heads in the dolomite appreciably, below levels caused by historic pumping. The ISS is a regional hydraulic sink which removes water from the bedrock even during dry weather. The potential effect on flow directions in the shallow aquifer of dry-weather infiltration to the ISS was evaluated by adjusting the resistance of the line-sink strings representing the ISS in the model to allow infiltration from 0 to 100% of the reported 9,500 m<sup>3</sup>/d. The best fit to calibration targets was found between 60% (5,700 m<sup>3</sup>/d) and 80% (7,600 m<sup>3</sup>/d) of the reported dry-weather infiltration. At 60% infiltration, 65% of the recharge falling on the valley terminates at the ISS and 35% at the Menomonee River and estuary. At 80% infiltration, 73% of the recharge terminates at the ISS, and 27% at the river and estuary. Model simulations suggest that the ISS has an greater influence on the shallow ground-water flow in the eastern half of valley as compared to the western half. Preliminary three-dimensional simulations using the numerical MODFLOW code show good agreement with the single-layer simulation and supports its use in evaluating the shallow system. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World's Water and Environmental Resources Challenges - Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001","conferenceTitle":"World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001","conferenceDate":"20 May 2001 through 24 May 2001","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40569(2001)32","isbn":"0784405697; 9780784405697","usgsCitation":"Dunning, C.P., and Feinstein, D.T., 2004, Simulation of an urban ground-water-flow system in the Menomonee Valley, Milwaukee, Wisconsin using analytic element modeling, <i>in</i> Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World's Water and Environmental Resources Challenges - Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001, v. 111, Orlando, FL, 20 May 2001 through 24 May 2001, https://doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)32.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216210,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)32"},{"id":244064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9011e4b08c986b3192d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunning, C. P.","contributorId":35792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feinstein, D. T.","contributorId":47328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feinstein","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026305,"text":"70026305 - 2004 - Density dependence and risk of extinction in a small population of sea otters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026305","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density dependence and risk of extinction in a small population of sea otters","docAbstract":"Sea otters (Enhydra lutris (L.)) were hunted to extinction off the coast of Washington State early in the 20th century. A new population was established by translocations from Alaska in 1969 and 1970. The population, currently numbering at least 550 animals, A major threat to the population is the ongoing risk of majour oil spills in sea otter habitat. We apply population models to census and demographic data in order to evaluate the status of the population. We fit several density dependent models to test for density dependence and determine plausible values for the carrying capacity (K) by comparing model goodness of fit to an exponential model. Model fits were compared using Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). A significant negative relationship was found between the population growth rate and population size (r2=0.27, F=5.57, df=16, p<0.05), suggesting density dependence in Washington state sea otters. Information criterion statistics suggest that the model is the most parsimonious, followed closely by the logistic Beverton-Holt model. Values of K ranged from 612 to 759 with best-fit parameter estimates for the Beverton-Holt model including 0.26 for r and 612 for K. The latest (2001) population index count (555) puts the population at 87-92% of the estimated carrying capacity, above the suggested range for optimum sustainable population (OSP). Elasticity analysis was conducted to examine the effects of proportional changes in vital rates on the population growth rate (??). The elasticity values indicate the population is most sensitive to changes in survival rates (particularly adult survival).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biodiversity and Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10531-004-2146-1","issn":"09603115","usgsCitation":"Gerber, L., Buenau, K., and VanBlaricom, G., 2004, Density dependence and risk of extinction in a small population of sea otters: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 13, no. 14, p. 2741-2757, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-2146-1.","startPage":"2741","endPage":"2757","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208550,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-2146-1"},{"id":234364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fea5e4b0c8380cd4ee47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerber, L.R.","contributorId":33097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerber","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buenau, K.E.","contributorId":29176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buenau","given":"K.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"VanBlaricom, G.","contributorId":17936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanBlaricom","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}