{"pageNumber":"2721","pageRowStart":"68000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70026998,"text":"70026998 - 2004 - Pedogenic silica accumulation in chronosequence soils, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T17:09:59.524864","indexId":"70026998","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pedogenic silica accumulation in chronosequence soils, southern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Chronosequential analysis of soil properties has proven to be a valuable approach for estimating ages of geomorphic surfaces where no independent age control exists. In this study we examined pedogenic silica as an indicator of relative ages of soils and geomorphic surfaces, and assessed potential sources of the silica. Pedogenic opaline silica was quantified by tiron (4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene-disulfonic acid [disodium salt], C</span><sub>6</sub><span>H</span><sub>4</sub><span>Na</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>8</sub><span>S</span><sub>2</sub><span>) extraction for pedons in two different chronosequences in southern California, one in the San Timoteo Badlands and one in Cajon Pass. The soils of both of these chronosequences are developed in arkosic sediments and span 11.5 to 500 ka. The amount of pedogenic silica increases with increasing duration of pedogenesis, and the depth of the maximum silica accumulation generally coincides with the maximum expression of the argillic horizon. Pedogenic silica has accumulated in all of the soils, ranging from 1.2% tiron-extractable Si (Si</span><sub>tn</sub><span>) in the youngest soil to 4.6% in the oldest. Primary Si decreases with increasing duration of weathering, particularly in the upper horizons, where weathering conditions are most intense. The loss of Si coincides with the loss of Na and K, implicating the weathering of feldspars as the likely source of Si loss. The quantity of Si lost in the upper horizons is adequate to account for the pedogenic silica accumulation in the subsoil. Pedogenic silica was equally effective as pedogenic Fe oxides as an indicator of relative soil age in these soils.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/sssaj2004.1295","usgsCitation":"Kendrick, K., and Graham, R., 2004, Pedogenic silica accumulation in chronosequence soils, southern California: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 68, no. 4, p. 1295-1303, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.1295.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1295","endPage":"1303","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Timoteo Badlands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.24609374999999,\n              33.94905609818093\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.06756591796875,\n              33.94905609818093\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.06756591796875,\n              34.0219331594475\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.24609374999999,\n              34.0219331594475\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.24609374999999,\n              33.94905609818093\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a762de4b0c8380cd77f84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendrick, K.J. 0000-0002-9839-6861","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-6861","contributorId":48595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendrick","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, R.C.","contributorId":33740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70142618,"text":"70142618 - 2004 - Global land ice measurements from space (GLIMS): remote sensing and GIS investigations of the Earth's cryosphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:58:45","indexId":"70142618","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global land ice measurements from space (GLIMS): remote sensing and GIS investigations of the Earth's cryosphere","docAbstract":"<p><span>Concerns over greenhouse‐gas forcing and global temperatures have initiated research into understanding climate forcing and associated Earth‐system responses. A significant component is the Earth's cryosphere, as glacier‐related, feedback mechanisms govern atmospheric, hydrospheric and lithospheric response. Predicting the human and natural dimensions of climate‐induced environmental change requires global, regional and local information about ice‐mass distribution, volumes, and fluctuations. The Global Land‐Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) project is specifically designed to produce and augment baseline information to facilitate glacier‐change studies. This requires addressing numerous issues, including the generation of topographic information, anisotropic‐reflectance correction of satellite imagery, data fusion and spatial analysis, and GIS‐based modeling. Field and satellite investigations indicate that many small glaciers and glaciers in temperate regions are downwasting and retreating, although detailed mapping and assessment are still required to ascertain regional and global patterns of ice‐mass variations. Such remote sensing/GIS studies, coupled with field investigations, are vital for producing baseline information on glacier changes, and improving our understanding of the complex linkages between atmospheric, lithospheric, and glaciological processes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10106040408542307","usgsCitation":"Bishop, M.P., Olsenholler, J.A., Shroder, J., Barry, R.G., Rasup, B.H., Bush, A.B., Copland, L., Dwyer, J.L., Fountain, A.G., Haeberli, W., Kaab, A., Paul, F., Hall, D.K., Kargel, J.S., Molnia, B.F., Trabant, D.C., and Wessels, R.L., 2004, Global land ice measurements from space (GLIMS): remote sensing and GIS investigations of the Earth's cryosphere: Geocarto International, v. 19, no. 2, p. 57-84, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106040408542307.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54fec432e4b02419550debc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bishop, Michael P.","contributorId":18674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsenholler, Jeffrey A.","contributorId":139607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olsenholler","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shroder, John F.","contributorId":113549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroder","given":"John F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barry, Roger G.","contributorId":36049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barry","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12502,"text":"University of Colorado - Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rasup, Bruce H.","contributorId":139609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rasup","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12502,"text":"University of Colorado - Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bush, Andrew B. G.","contributorId":139610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bush","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"B. G.","affiliations":[{"id":12799,"text":"University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Copland, Luke","contributorId":63304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Copland","given":"Luke","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12799,"text":"University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fountain, Andrew G.","contributorId":10410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fountain","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6929,"text":"Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Haeberli, Wilfried","contributorId":21951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haeberli","given":"Wilfried","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kaab, Andreas","contributorId":53175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaab","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Paul, Frank","contributorId":103177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Hall, Dorothy K.","contributorId":24697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Kargel, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":76601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Molnia, Bruce F. bmolnia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"Bruce","email":"bmolnia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Trabant, Dennis C.","contributorId":13965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trabant","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Wessels, Rick L. rwessels@usgs.gov","contributorId":566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wessels","given":"Rick","email":"rwessels@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":1000903,"text":"1000903 - 2004 - Fleet dynamics of the commercial lake trout fishery in Michigan waters of Lake Superior during 1929-1961","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-13T12:17:52.592378","indexId":"1000903","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fleet dynamics of the commercial lake trout fishery in Michigan waters of Lake Superior during 1929-1961","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding fishing fleet dynamics is important when using fishery dependent data to infer the status of fish stocks. We analyzed data from mandatory catch reports from the commercial lake trout (</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>) fishery in Michigan waters of Lake Superior during 1929–1961, a period when lake trout populations collapsed through the combined effects of overfishing and sea lamprey (</span><i>Petromyzon marinus</i><span>) predation. The number of full-time fishermen increased during 1933–1943 and then decreased during 1943–1957. Addition of new fishermen was related to past yield, market prices, World War II draft exemptions, and lost fishing opportunities in Lake Huron and Lake Michigan. Loss of existing fishermen was related to declining lake trout density. Large mesh (≥ 114-mm stretch-measure) gill net effort increased during 1929–1951 because fishermen fished more net inshore as lake trout density declined, even though catch per effort (CPE) was often higher in deeper waters. The most common gill net mesh size increased from 114-mm to 120-mm stretch-measure during 1929–1957, as lake trout growth increased. More effort was fished inshore than offshore and the amount of inshore effort was less variable over time than offshore effort. Relatively stable yield was maintained by increasing gill net effort and by moving some effort to better grounds. Because fishing-up caused yield and CPE to remain high despite declining lake trout abundance, caution must be used when basing goals for lake trout restoration on historical fishery indices.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(04)70343-3","usgsCitation":"Wilberg, M.J., Bronte, C.R., and Hansen, M.J., 2004, Fleet dynamics of the commercial lake trout fishery in Michigan waters of Lake Superior during 1929-1961: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 30, no. 2, p. 252-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(04)70343-3.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"252","endPage":"266","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.41748046874999,\n              46.84516443029276\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3955078125,\n              46.543749602738565\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6484375,\n              46.73986059969267\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.04443359375,\n              47.487513008956554\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.681640625,\n              46.70973594407157\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.11035156249999,\n              46.830133640447386\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.78076171875,\n              46.78501604269254\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.47314453125,\n              46.46813299215554\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.68212890625,\n              46.37725420510028\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.06689453125,\n              46.58906908309182\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.078125,\n              46.66451741754235\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.01220703125,\n              46.46813299215554\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.57275390625,\n              46.40756396630067\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.10009765625,\n              47.07012182383309\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.8251953125,\n              47.30903424774781\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.4404296875,\n              47.53203824675999\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.60498046875,\n              48.06339653776211\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.41796875,\n              48.40003249610685\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.92333984375,\n              48.19538740833338\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.40673828125,\n              48.03401915864286\n            ],\n            [\n              -90,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef0b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilberg, Michael J.","contributorId":36494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilberg","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1016299,"text":"1016299 - 2004 - Responses of Ambystoma gracile to the removal of introduced nonnative fish from a mountain lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-16T17:16:35.196676","indexId":"1016299","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of Ambystoma gracile to the removal of introduced nonnative fish from a mountain lake","docAbstract":"<p>Introduced, nonnative brook trout (<i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>) were removed from a mountain lake in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, to examine the capacity of native <i>Ambystoma gracile</i> (Northwestern Salamander) in the lake to respond to the intentional removal of fish. Temporal trends (<span class=\"inline-formula\">Δ̄</span><span>N</span>) were calculated for <i>A. gracile</i> larvae/neotene and egg mass relative abundances in the Fish Removal and an adjacent Fishless Lake. The diel and spatial patterns of <i>A. gracile</i> in the lakes were also enumerated during time-intervals of fish presence in and after fish removal from the Fish Removal Lake. Sixty-six fish were removed from the Fish Removal Lake. The <span class=\"inline-formula\">Δ̄</span><span>Ns</span> for relative abundances in the Fish Removal Lake were positive for the study period and indicated that the number of larvae/neotenes and egg masses observed in the lake increased concurrent with the removal and extirpation of fish from the lake. Numbers of larvae/neotenes and egg masses observed in the Fishless Lake varied annually, but no overall positive or negative trends were evident during the study. <i>Ambystoma gracile</i> in the Fish Removal Lake, during fish presence, were predominantly nocturnal and located in the shallow, structurally complex nearshore area of the lake. After fish were removed, the number of <i>A. gracile</i> observed in the lake increased, especially during the day and in the deeper, less structurally complex offshore area of the lake. Fishless Lake <i>A. gracile</i> were readily observed day and night in all areas of the lake throughout the study. The <i>A. gracile</i> in the Fish Removal Lake behaviorally adapted to the presence of introduced fish and were able to recover from the affects of the fish following fish removal. This study underscores the important relationship between species life history and the variability of responses of montane aquatic-breeding amphibians to fish introductions in mountain lakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1670/44-04A","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, R.L., Larson, G.L., and Samora, B., 2004, Responses of Ambystoma gracile to the removal of introduced nonnative fish from a mountain lake: Journal of Herpetology, v. 38, no. 4, p. 578-585, https://doi.org/10.1670/44-04A.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"578","endPage":"585","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.14599609375001,\n              46.558860303117164\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.201171875,\n              46.558860303117164\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.201171875,\n              46.965259400349275\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14599609375001,\n              46.965259400349275\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14599609375001,\n              46.558860303117164\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fac93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, Robert L.","contributorId":52931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, Gary L. gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Gary","email":"gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Samora, B.","contributorId":10012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samora","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027119,"text":"70027119 - 2004 - Diazotrophic community structure and function in two successional stages of biological soil crusts from the Colorado Plateau and Chihuahuan Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T14:30:13.035347","indexId":"70027119","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diazotrophic community structure and function in two successional stages of biological soil crusts from the Colorado Plateau and Chihuahuan Desert","docAbstract":"<p><span>The objective of this study was to characterize the community structure and activity of N</span><sub>2</sub><span>-fixing microorganisms in mature and poorly developed biological soil crusts from both the Colorado Plateau and Chihuahuan Desert. Nitrogenase activity was approximately 10 and 2.5 times higher in mature crusts than in poorly developed crusts at the Colorado Plateau site and Chihuahuan Desert site, respectively. Analysis of&nbsp;</span><i>nifH</i><span>&nbsp;sequences by clone sequencing and the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism technique indicated that the crust diazotrophic community was 80 to 90% heterocystous cyanobacteria most closely related to&nbsp;</span><i>Nostoc</i><span>&nbsp;spp. and that the composition of N</span><sub>2</sub><span>-fixing species did not vary significantly between the poorly developed and mature crusts at either site. In contrast, the abundance of&nbsp;</span><i>nifH</i><span>&nbsp;sequences was approximately 7.5 times greater (per microgram of total DNA) in mature crusts than in poorly developed crusts at a given site as measured by quantitative PCR. 16S rRNA gene clone sequencing and microscopic analysis of the cyanobacterial community within both crust types demonstrated a transition from a&nbsp;</span><i>Microcoleus vaginatus</i><span>-dominated, poorly developed crust to mature crusts harboring a greater percentage of&nbsp;</span><i>Nostoc</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Scytonema</i><span>&nbsp;spp. We hypothesize that ecological factors, such as soil instability and water stress, may constrain the growth of N</span><sub>2</sub><span>-fixing microorganisms at our study sites and that the transition to a mature, nitrogen-producing crust initially requires bioengineering of the surface microenvironment by&nbsp;</span><i>Microcoleus vaginatus</i><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.70.2.973-983.2004","usgsCitation":"Yeager, C.M., Kornosky, J.L., Housman, D.C., Grote, E.E., Belnap, J., and Kuske, C.R., 2004, Diazotrophic community structure and function in two successional stages of biological soil crusts from the Colorado Plateau and Chihuahuan Desert: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 70, no. 2, p. 973-983, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.2.973-983.2004.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"973","endPage":"983","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478060,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/348917","text":"External Repository"},{"id":235555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau, Chihuahuan Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.3192138671875,\n              37.89219554724437\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.6270751953125,\n              37.89219554724437\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.6270751953125,\n              38.69408504756833\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.3192138671875,\n              38.69408504756833\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.3192138671875,\n              37.89219554724437\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.87088012695312,\n              33.4302952539532\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.73423767089844,\n              33.4302952539532\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.73423767089844,\n              33.60775712333095\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.87088012695312,\n              33.60775712333095\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.87088012695312,\n              33.4302952539532\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00b2e4b0c8380cd4f87b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yeager, Chris M.","contributorId":41301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yeager","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kornosky, J. L.","contributorId":71367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kornosky","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Housman, David C.","contributorId":60752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Housman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grote, Edmund E. 0000-0002-9103-9482 ed_grote@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9103-9482","contributorId":4271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grote","given":"Edmund","email":"ed_grote@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kuske, Cheryl R.","contributorId":81063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuske","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70429,"text":"ofr20041418 - 2004 - Chronic wasting disease risk analysis workshop: An integrative approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T12:49:35","indexId":"ofr20041418","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1418","title":"Chronic wasting disease risk analysis workshop: An integrative approach","docAbstract":"<p>Risk analysis tools have been successfully used to determine the potential hazard associated with disease introductions and have facilitated management decisions designed to limit the potential for disease introduction. Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) poses significant challenges for resource managers due to an incomplete understanding of disease etiology and epidemiology and the complexity of management and political jurisdictions. Tools designed specifically to assess the risk of CWD introduction would be of great value to policy makers in areas where CWD has not been detected.</p>\n<p>To this end, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) created a steering committee representing states, native communities, federal, academic, and non-government entities. This committee formulated a collaborative process for the development of CWD risk assessment tools applicable to both free-ranging and captive populations. The committee recommended a workshop be held on the topic and suggested the format, content, and potential participants.</p>\n<p>Identified objectives of the workshop included:</p>\n<p>1. Identify and discuss the needs of various government and non-government groups involved with assessing, managing, and/or preventing CWD.</p>\n<p>2. Identify current gaps in CWD research specifically in relation to information applicable to the risk analysis process.</p>\n<p>3. Construct a general, consensual, framework model (Figure 1) that incorporates all factors identified as potentially associated with the presence or absence of CWD (Table 1).</p>\n<p>The resulting CWD Risk Analysis Workshop was held May 11&ndash;13, 2004 in Fort Collins, Colorado. The workshop was attended by 28 individuals representing a cross-section of management, research, and nongovernment organizations. Experts with experience in a variety of risk analysis approaches and representatives from public and private user groups presented in the plenary session. The remainder of the workshop consisted of facilitated breakout sessions and all-group discussions.</p>\n<p>The framework model (Figure 1) reflects the workshop discussions and subsequent review and comments from workshop participants and steering committee members.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041418","usgsCitation":"Gillette, S., Dein, J., Salman, M., Richards, B., and Duarte, P., 2004, Chronic wasting disease risk analysis workshop: An integrative approach: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1418, v, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041418.","productDescription":"v, 53 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186181,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041418.PNG"},{"id":320280,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1418/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db673637","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillette, Shana","contributorId":44620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillette","given":"Shana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dein, Joshua","contributorId":8558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dein","given":"Joshua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Salman, Mo","contributorId":30296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salman","given":"Mo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richards, Bryan","contributorId":56731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Bryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duarte, Paulo","contributorId":9349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duarte","given":"Paulo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026420,"text":"70026420 - 2004 - Colonization, population growth, and nesting success of Black Oystercatchers following a seismic uplift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T16:23:51.829449","indexId":"70026420","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Colonization, population growth, and nesting success of Black Oystercatchers following a seismic uplift","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present data on the colonization of Middleton Island, Alaska, by Black Oystercatchers (</span><i>Haematopus bachmani</i><span>) following the creation of an extensive rocky intertidal zone after the Alaskan earthquake of 1964. The first pair of oystercatchers was detected in 1976, and it was another 5 years before the population increased to three pairs. Oystercatcher numbers increased steadily thereafter, with a population explosion occurring in the 1990s. By 2002, there were 171 territorial pairs on the island. The total number of birds increased from two in 1976 to 718 in 2002. Breeding-pair densities on Middleton Island are the highest recorded for any portion of Alaska, averaging more than 5 pairs per km of shoreline in 2002. Nesting success in 2001 and 2002 was greater (83% or more of the eggs laid hatched) than that reported for any other population of oystercatchers in Alaska or along the Pacific Coast. We attribute this exponential growth rate and exceptionally high reproductive success to the large area of available and suitable habitat, the low number of avian predators and the complete lack of mammalian predators, low rate of nest loss to high tides and storm surges, and a low level of human disturbance. We propose nominating Middleton Island as a regional Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network site because a high percentage of the world's and region's population of Black Oystercatchers resides there during the breeding season. Further, since Middleton Island may be the single most important site in Alaska for Black Oystercatchers, we suggest it be protected from future development.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/106.4.791","usgsCitation":"Gill, V., Hatch, S.A., and Lanctot, R., 2004, Colonization, population growth, and nesting success of Black Oystercatchers following a seismic uplift: Condor, v. 106, no. 4, p. 791-800, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.4.791.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"791","endPage":"800","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478064,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.4.791","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Middleton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -146.40243530273438,\n              59.39477224351406\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.25411987304688,\n              59.39477224351406\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.25411987304688,\n              59.47752265509619\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.40243530273438,\n              59.47752265509619\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.40243530273438,\n              59.39477224351406\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7b9e4b0c8380cd4cc8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, V.A.","contributorId":35498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":77879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard B.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":409436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70194918,"text":"70194918 - 2004 - Tectonic, climatic, and land-use controls on groundwater recharge in an arid alluvial basin, Amargosa Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T14:21:43.271291","indexId":"70194918","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"9","title":"Tectonic, climatic, and land-use controls on groundwater recharge in an arid alluvial basin, Amargosa Desert","docAbstract":"<p>Unsaturated-zone profiles in alluvial sediments of the Amargosa Desert reveal distinct patterns of groundwater recharge corresponding to tectono-geomorphic setting and land-use history. Profiles of water potential, water content, and solute concentrations beneath irrigated fields, undisturbed native vegetation, and the normally dry channel of the Amargosa River reflect strongly contrasting recharge regimes. Profiles beneath irrigated fields and channel sites indicate quasi-steady percolation at depths sufficient to be isolated from seasonal variations in meteorologic forcing. Displaced chloride and nitrate peaks beneath a recently converted agricultural field and a weakly incised channel site capture newly initiated deep percolation moving previously accumulated salts from the upper profile to greater depths. Channel migration caused by an extreme flood initiated deep percolation at the latter site. Downward-advected nitrate peaks beneath an irrigated field mark resumption of cultivation following eight years of dormancy. Where available, travel time estimates of recharging fluxes support chemical mass balance estimates. Recharging fluxes range from ~6 to 22% of applied water for irrigated fields and from ~12 to 15% of infiltration for channel sites. Profiles of environmental tracers beneath undisturbed native vegetation in interfluvial areas are consistent with negligible recharge and sustained profile drying throughout the Holocene. Four to five times more chloride is accumulated on older, uplifted alluvium than on younger, non-uplifted alluvium, showing that tectonic controls on recharge become important when timescales extend to many millennia. Groundwater recharge in desert basins is limited to features that occupy a small fraction of the land surface and are not necessarily stationary.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Groundwater recharge in a desert environment: The southwestern United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Americal Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"Stonestrom, D.A., Prudic, D.E., Laczniak, R.J., and Akstin, K., 2004, Tectonic, climatic, and land-use controls on groundwater recharge in an arid alluvial basin, Amargosa Desert, chap. <i>of</i> Groundwater recharge in a desert environment: The southwestern United States, p. 29-48.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350763,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350813,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/009WSA03/summary"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.89727783203125,\n              36.301845303684324\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.67779541015625,\n              36.301845303684324\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.67779541015625,\n              37.00035919622158\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.89727783203125,\n              37.00035919622158\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.89727783203125,\n              36.301845303684324\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7040d7e4b06e28e9cae4fd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hogan, James F.","contributorId":30533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726101,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Fred M.","contributorId":57957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726102,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726103,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laczniak, Randell J.","contributorId":90687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"Randell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Akstin, Katherine kakstin@usgs.gov","contributorId":5178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akstin","given":"Katherine","email":"kakstin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":72277,"text":"fs20043146 - 2004 - Fort Collins Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T15:01:50","indexId":"fs20043146","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3146","title":"Fort Collins Science Center","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey's Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) is one of 17 USGS biological science centers nationwide. FORT conducts research and develops technical applications to assist land managers in understanding and managing biological resources, habitats, and ecosystems. Although the majority of FORT's activities are conducted within the 15-state Central Region of the USGS, many FORT projects are national or international in scope.</p>\n<p>FORT serves all Department of the Interior land management bureaus and other natural resource agencies. In addition, FORT scientists partner with DOI and other federal entities such as CDC, DOE, EPA, NASA, NIH, and USDA to share expertise and resources. FORT also partners with several universities and works cooperatively with states and nongovernmental organizations. Products and services include reports and publications, predictive models and software, maps and GIS products, and other technical assistance in the form of meetings, workshops, training, field visits, and needs assessments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20043146","usgsCitation":"Banowetz, M., 2004, Fort Collins Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3146, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043146.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122718,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3146.jpg"},{"id":320288,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3146/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e486be4b07f02db50a559","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banowetz, Michele","contributorId":71275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banowetz","given":"Michele","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70027385,"text":"70027385 - 2004 - Conservative and reactive solute transport in constructed wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:41:28","indexId":"70027385","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservative and reactive solute transport in constructed wetlands","docAbstract":"<p><span>The transport of bromide, a conservative tracer, and rhodamine WT (RWT), a photodegrading tracer, was evaluated in three wastewater‐dependent wetlands near Phoenix, Arizona, using a solute transport model with transient storage. Coupled sodium bromide and RWT tracer tests were performed to establish conservative transport and reactive parameters in constructed wetlands with water losses ranging from (1) relatively impermeable (15%), (2) moderately leaky (45%), and (3) significantly leaky (76%). RWT first‐order photolysis rates and sorption coefficients were determined from independent field and laboratory experiments. Individual wetland hydraulic profiles influenced the extent of transient storage interaction in stagnant water areas and consequently RWT removal. Solute mixing and transient storage interaction occurred in the impermeable wetland, resulting in 21% RWT mass loss from main channel and storage zone photolysis (10%) and sorption (11%) reactions. Advection and dispersion governed solute transport in the leaky wetland, limiting RWT photolysis removal (1.2%) and favoring main channel sorption (3.6%). The moderately leaky wetland contained islands parallel to flow, producing channel flow and minimizing RWT losses (1.6%).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003WR002130","usgsCitation":"Keefe, S.H., Barber, L.B., Runkel, R.L., Ryan, J.N., McKnight, D.M., and Wass, R.D., 2004, Conservative and reactive solute transport in constructed wetlands: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 1, W01201; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002130.","productDescription":"W01201; 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9f7e4b0c8380cd4d84b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keefe, Steffanie H. 0000-0002-3805-6101 shkeefe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3805-6101","contributorId":2843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefe","given":"Steffanie","email":"shkeefe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":413441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wass, Roland D.","contributorId":72858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wass","given":"Roland","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70027522,"text":"70027522 - 2004 - Speciation and characterization of arsenic in gold ores and cyanidation tailings using X-ray absorption spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70027522","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Speciation and characterization of arsenic in gold ores and cyanidation tailings using X-ray absorption spectroscopy","docAbstract":"The knowledge of mineralogy and molecular structure of As is needed to better understand the stability of As in wastes resulting from processing of gold ores. In this study, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe, X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy (including both XANES and EXAFS regimes) were employed to determine the mineralogical composition and local coordination environment of As in gold ores and process tailings from bench-scale tests designed to mimic a common plant practice. Arsenic-bearing minerals identified in the ores and tailings include iron (III) oxyhydroxides, scorodite (FeAsO4??2H2O), ferric arsenates, arseniosiderite (Ca2Fe3 (AsO4)3O2??3H2O), Ca-Fe arsenates, pharmacosiderite (KFe4 (AsO4)3(OH)4??6-7H2O), jarosite (K2Fe6(SO4)4 (OH)12) and arsenopyrite (FeAsS). Iron (III) oxyhydroxides contain variable levels of As from trace to about 22 wt% and Ca up to approximately 9 wt%. Finely ground ore and tailings samples were examined by bulk XAFS and selected mineral grains were analyzed by microfocused XAFS (micro-EXAFS) spectroscopy to reconcile the ambiguities of multiple As sources in the complex bulk EXAFS spectra. XANES spectra indicated that As occurs as As5+in all the samples. Micro-EXAFS spectra of individual iron (III) oxyhydroxide grains with varying As concentrations point to inner-sphere bidentate-binuclear arsenate complexes as the predominant form of As. There are indications for the presence of a second Fe shell corresponding to bidentate-mononuclear arrangement. Iron (III) oxyhydroxides with high As concentrations corresponding to maximum adsorption densities probably occur as nanoparticles. The discovery of Ca atoms around As in iron (III) oxyhydroxides at interatomic distances of 4.14-4.17 A?? and the coordination numbers suggest the formation of arseniosiderite-like nanoclusters by coprecipitation rather than simple adsorption of Ca onto iron (III) oxyhydroxides. Correlation of Ca with As in iron (III) oxyhydroxides as determined by electron microprobe analysis supports the coprecipitate origin for the presence of Ca in iron (III) oxyhydroxides. The samples containing higher abundances of ferric arsenates released higher As concentrations during the cyanidation tests. The presence of highly soluble ferric arsenates and Ca-Fe arsenates, and relatively unstable iron (III) oxyhydroxides with Fe/As molar ratios of less than 4 in the ore and process tailings suggests that not only the tailings in the impoundment will continue to release As, but also there is the potential for mobilization of As from the natural sources such as the unmined ore. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2003.07.013","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Paktunc, D., Foster, A., Heald, S., and Laflamme, G., 2004, Speciation and characterization of arsenic in gold ores and cyanidation tailings using X-ray absorption spectroscopy: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, no. 5, p. 969-983, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.07.013.","startPage":"969","endPage":"983","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211165,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.07.013"},{"id":238376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94e6e4b08c986b31aca9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paktunc, D.","contributorId":77337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paktunc","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, A.","contributorId":46977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heald, S.","contributorId":52784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heald","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laflamme, G.","contributorId":72987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laflamme","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027252,"text":"70027252 - 2004 - Contamination of groundwater under cultivated fields in an arid environment, central Arava Valley, Israel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-04T12:47:30","indexId":"70027252","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contamination of groundwater under cultivated fields in an arid environment, central Arava Valley, Israel","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">The purpose of this study is to obtain a better understanding of groundwater contamination processes in an arid environment (precipitation of 50 mm/year) due to cultivation. Additional aims were to study the fate of N, K, and other ions along the whole hydrological system including the soil and vadose zone, and to compare groundwater in its natural state with contaminated groundwater (through the drilling of several wells).</p><p id=\"\">A combination of physical, chemical, and isotopic analyses was used to describe the hydrogeological system and the recharge trends of water and salts to the aquifers. The results indicate that intensive irrigation and fertilization substantially affected the quantity and quality of groundwater recharge. Low irrigation efficiency of about 50% contributes approximately 3.5–4 million&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>/year to the hydrological system, which corresponds to 0.65 m per year of recharge in the irrigated area, by far the most significant recharge mechanism.</p><p id=\"\">Two main contamination processes were identified, both linked to human activity: (1) salinization due to circulation of dissolved salts in the irrigation water itself, mainly chloride, sulfate, sodium and calcium, and (2) direct input of nitrate and potassium mainly from fertilizers.</p><p id=\"\">The nitrate concentrations in a local shallow groundwater lens range between 100 and 300 mg/l and in the upper sub-aquifer are over 50 mg/l. A major source of nitrate is fertilizer N in the excess irrigation water. The isotopic compositions of <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N–NO<sub>3</sub> (range of 4.9–14.8‰) imply also possible contributions from nearby sewage ponds and/or manure. Other evidence of contamination of the local groundwater lens includes high concentrations of K (20–120 mg/l) and total organic carbon (about 10 mg/l).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.12.016","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Oren, O., Yechieli, Y., Böhlke, J., and Dody, A., 2004, Contamination of groundwater under cultivated fields in an arid environment, central Arava Valley, Israel: Journal of Hydrology, v. 290, no. 3-4, p. 312-328, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.12.016.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"312","endPage":"328","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Israel","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[35.71992,32.70919],[35.54567,32.39399],[35.54525,31.7825],[35.39756,31.48909],[35.42092,31.10007],[34.9226,29.50133],[34.26543,31.21936],[34.55637,31.54882],[34.48811,31.60554],[34.75259,32.07293],[34.95542,32.82738],[35.09846,33.08054],[35.12605,33.0909],[35.46071,33.08904],[35.5528,33.26427],[35.8211,33.27743],[35.8364,32.86812],[35.7008,32.71601],[35.71992,32.70919]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Israel\"}}]}","volume":"290","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa47e4b0c8380cd4d9ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oren, O.","contributorId":61222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oren","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yechieli, Y.","contributorId":23308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yechieli","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dody, A.","contributorId":71365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dody","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":72275,"text":"fs20043148 - 2004 - Fort Collins Science Center: Species and Habitats of Federal Interest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T15:59:00","indexId":"fs20043148","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3148","title":"Fort Collins Science Center: Species and Habitats of Federal Interest","docAbstract":"<p>Ecosystem changes directly affect a wide variety of plant and animal species, floral and faunal communities, and groups of species such as amphibians and grassland birds. Appropriate management of public lands plays a crucial role in the conservation and recovery of endangered species and can be a key element in preventing a species from being listed under the Endangered Species Act. The Species and Habitats of Federal Interest Branch of the Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) conducts research on the ecology, habitat requirements, distribution and abundance, population dynamics, and genetics and systematics of many species facing threatened or endangered status or of special concern to resource management agencies. FORT scientists develop reintroduction and restoration techniques, technologies for monitoring populations, and novel methods to analyze data on population trends and habitat requirements. FORT expertise encompasses both traditional and specialized natural resource disciplines within wildlife biology, including population dynamics, animal behavior, plant and community ecology, inventory and monitoring, statistics and computer applications, conservation genetics, stable isotope analysis, and curatorial expertise.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20043148","usgsCitation":"Stevens, P., 2004, Fort Collins Science Center: Species and Habitats of Federal Interest: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3148, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043148.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125018,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3148.jpg"},{"id":320283,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3148/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4909e4b07f02db56b1bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Patty","contributorId":28321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Patty","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70027288,"text":"70027288 - 2004 - Feasibility of measuring dissolved carbon dioxide based on head space partial pressures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70027288","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feasibility of measuring dissolved carbon dioxide based on head space partial pressures","docAbstract":"We describe an instrument prototype that measures dissolved carbon dioxide (DC) without need for standard wetted probe membranes or titration. DC is calculated using Henry's Law, water temperature, and the steady-state partial pressure of carbon dioxide that develops within the instrument's vertical gas-liquid contacting chamber. Gas-phase partial pressures were determined with either an infrared detector (ID) or by measuring voltage developed by a pH electrode immersed in an isolated sodium carbonate solution (SC) sparged with recirculated head space gas. Calculated DC concentrations were compared with those obtained by titration over a range of DC (2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28mg/l), total alkalinity (35, 120, and 250mg/l as CaCO3), total dissolved gas pressure (-178 to 120 mmHg), and dissolved oxygen concentrations (7, 14, and 18 mg/l). Statistically significant (P < 0.001) correlations were established between head space (ID) and titrimetrically determined DC concentrations (R2 = 0.987-0.999, N = 96). Millivolt and titrimetric values from the SC solution tests were also correlated (P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.997, N = 16). The absolute and relative error associated with the use of the ID and SC solution averaged 0.9mg/l DC and 7.0% and 0.6 mg/l DC and 9.6%, respectively. The precision of DC estimates established in a second test series was good; coefficients of variation (100(SD/mean)) for the head space (ID) and titration analyses were 0.99% and 1.7%. Precision of the SC solution method was 1.3%. In a third test series, a single ID was coupled with four replicate head space units so as to permit sequential monitoring (15 min intervals) of a common water source. Here, appropriate gas samples were secured using a series of solenoid valves (1.6 mm bore) activated by a time-based controller. This system configuration reduced the capital cost per sample site from US$ 2695 to 876. Absolute error averaged 2.9, 3.1, 3.7, and 2.7 mg/ l for replicates 1-4 (N = 36) during a 21-day test period (DC range, 36-40 mg/l). The ID meter was then modified so as to provide for DO as well as DC measurements across components of an intensive fish production system. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquacultural Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2003.09.002","issn":"01448609","usgsCitation":"Watten, B., Boyd, C., Schwartz, M., Summerfelt, S., and Brazil, B.L., 2004, Feasibility of measuring dissolved carbon dioxide based on head space partial pressures: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 30, no. 3-4, p. 83-101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2003.09.002.","startPage":"83","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478102,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2003.09.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209154,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2003.09.002"},{"id":235382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f3be4b0c8380cd5381f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watten, B.J. 0000-0002-2227-8623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":11537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":413036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyd, C.E.","contributorId":97445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwartz, M.F.","contributorId":91442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Summerfelt, S.T.","contributorId":47717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Summerfelt","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brazil, B. L.","contributorId":60990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brazil","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027279,"text":"70027279 - 2004 - Analysing the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes with recent instrumentally recorded aftershocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70027279","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysing the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes with recent instrumentally recorded aftershocks","docAbstract":"Although dynamic stress changes associated with the passage of seismic waves are thought to trigger earthquakes at great distances, more than 60 per cent of all aftershocks appear to be triggered by static stress changes within two rupture lengths of a mainshock. The observed distribution of aftershocks may thus be used to infer details of mainshock rupture geometry. Aftershocks following large mid-continental earthquakes, where background stressing rates are low, are known to persist for centuries, and models based on rate-and-state friction laws provide theoretical support for this inference. Most past studies of the New Madrid earthquake sequence have indeed assumed ongoing microseismicity to be a continuing aftershock sequence. Here we use instrumentally recorded aftershock locations and models of elastic stress change to develop a kinematically consistent rupture scenario for three of the four largest earthquakes of the 1811-1812 New Madrid sequence. Our results suggest that these three events occurred on two contiguous faults, producing lobes of increased stress near fault intersections and end points, in areas where present-day microearthquakes have been hitherto interpreted as evidence of primary mainshock rupture. We infer that the remaining New Madrid mainshock may have occurred more than 200 km north of this region in the Wabash Valley of southern Indiana and Illinois-an area that contains abundant modern microseismicity, and where substantial liquefaction was documented by historic accounts. Our results suggest that future large midplate earthquake sequences may extend over a much broader region than previously suspected.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature02557","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Mueller, K., Hough, S., and Bilham, R., 2004, Analysing the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes with recent instrumentally recorded aftershocks: Nature, v. 429, no. 6989, p. 284-288, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02557.","startPage":"284","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209033,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02557"},{"id":235202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"429","issue":"6989","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaf3e4b0c8380cd48b09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, K.","contributorId":20115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bilham, R.","contributorId":87328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bilham","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027287,"text":"70027287 - 2004 - Exploration review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-29T09:05:00","indexId":"70027287","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploration review","docAbstract":"The worldwide budget for nonfuel mineral exploration was expected to increase by 27 percent in 2003 from the 2002 budget, according to the Metals Economics Group (MEG) of Halifax, Nova Scotia. The increase comes after five years of declining spending for mineral exploration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Wilburn, D., 2004, Exploration review: Mining Engineering, v. 56, no. 5, p. 25-37.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"37","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e1ae4b0c8380cd532d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilburn, D.R.","contributorId":98911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilburn","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70027511,"text":"70027511 - 2004 - The perception of volcanic risk in Kona communities from Mauna Loa and Hualālai volcanoes, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-17T11:04:53","indexId":"70027511","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The perception of volcanic risk in Kona communities from Mauna Loa and Hualālai volcanoes, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"<p>Volcanic hazards in Kona (i.e. the western side of the island of Hawai'i) stem primarily from Mauna Loa and Hualālai volcanoes. The former has erupted 39 times since 1832. Lava flows were emplaced in Kona during seven of these eruptions and last impacted Kona in 1950. Hualālai last erupted in ca. 1800. Society's proximity to potential eruptive sources and the potential for relatively fast-moving lava flows, coupled with relatively long time intervals since the last eruptions in Kona, are the underlying stimuli for this study of risk perception. Target populations were high-school students and adults ( n =462). Using these data, we discuss threat knowledge as an influence on risk perception, and perception as a driving mechanism for preparedness. Threat knowledge and perception of risk were found to be low to moderate. On average, fewer than two-thirds of the residents were aware of the most recent eruptions that impacted Kona, and a minority felt that Mauna Loa and Hualālai could ever erupt again. Furthermore, only about one-third were aware that lava flows could reach the coast in Kona in less than 3 h. Lava flows and ash fall were perceived to be among the least likely hazards to affect the respondent's community within the next 10 years, whereas vog (volcanic smog) was ranked the most likely. Less than 18% identified volcanic hazards as amongst the most likely hazards to affect them at home, school, or work. Not surprisingly, individual preparedness measures were found on average to be limited to simple tasks of value in frequently occurring domestic emergencies, whereas measures specific to infrequent hazard events such as volcanic eruptions were seldom adopted. Furthermore, our data show that respondents exhibit an 'unrealistic optimism bias' and infer that responsibility for community preparedness for future eruptions primarily rests with officials. We infer that these respondents may be less likely to attend to hazard information, react to warnings as directed, and undertake preparedness measures than other populations who perceive responsibility to lie with themselves. There are significant differences in hazard awareness and risk perception between students and adults, between subpopulations representing local areas, and between varying ethnicities. We conclude that long time intervals since damaging lava flows have occurred in Kona have contributed to lower levels of awareness and risk perceptions of the threat from lava flows, and that the on-going eruption at Kilauea has facilitated greater awareness and perception of risk of vog but not of other volcanic hazards. Low levels of preparedness may be explained by low perceptions of threat and risk and perhaps by the lack of a clear motivation or incentive to seek new modes of adjustment. 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsvier","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00288-9","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Gregg, C., Houghton, B.F., Johnston, D., Paton, D., and Swanson, D.A., 2004, The perception of volcanic risk in Kona communities from Mauna Loa and Hualālai volcanoes, Hawai'i: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 130, no. 3-4, p. 179-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00288-9.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211021,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00288-9"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Mauna Loa volcano, Hualālai volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.9893798828125,\n              19.287813240262167\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3466796875,\n              19.287813240262167\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3466796875,\n              19.72534224805787\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.9893798828125,\n              19.72534224805787\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.9893798828125,\n              19.287813240262167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"130","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae84e4b08c986b32415d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregg, Chris E.","contributorId":40397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"Chris E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, David M.","contributorId":68082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paton, Douglas","contributorId":64861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paton","given":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027299,"text":"70027299 - 2004 - Uptake pathway for Ag bioaccumulation in three benthic invertebrates exposed to contaminated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:56:53","indexId":"70027299","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uptake pathway for Ag bioaccumulation in three benthic invertebrates exposed to contaminated sediments","docAbstract":"<p><span>We exposed 3 benthic invertebrates, the clam&nbsp;</span><i>Macoma balthica</i><span>, the polychaete&nbsp;</span><i>Neanthes arenaceodentata</i><span>and the amphipod&nbsp;</span><i>Leptocheirus plumulosus</i><span>, to Ag-contaminated sediments to evaluate the relative importance of various uptake routes (sediments, porewater or overlying water, and supplementary food) for Ag bioaccumulation. Silver bioaccumulation was evaluated at 4 levels of sediment Ag (0.1, 0,3, 1,2 and 3.3 µmol Ag g</span><sup>-1</sup><span>) and 2 levels of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), &lt;0.5 or ~40 µmol g</span><sup>-1</sup><span>, and compared among food treatments with or without Ag contamination, or with different food rations.&nbsp;</span><i>L. plumulosus</i><span>&nbsp;were incubated for 35 d in the Ag-contaminated sediments after 3 mo of Ag-sediment equilibration, and&nbsp;</span><i>M. balthica<span>&nbsp;</span></i><span>and&nbsp;</span><i>N. arenaceodentata</i><span>&nbsp;for 19 d after 5 mo equilibration. Ag bioaccumulation in the 3 organisms was significantly correlated with 1N HCl-extractable Ag concentrations (Ag-SEM: simultaneously extracted Ag with AVS) in sediments. The Ag concentrations in porewater and overlying water were greatest in the sediments with least AVS, consistent with previous studies. Nevertheless, the amphipod and clam exposed to oxic sediments (&lt;0.5 µmol AVS g</span><sup>-1</sup><span>) accumulated amounts of Ag similar to those accumulated by organisms exposed to anoxic sediments (~40 µmol AVS g</span><sup>-1</sup><span>), when Ag-SEM levels were comparable. The dissolved Ag source was important for bioaccumulation in the polychaete&nbsp;</span><i>N. arenaceodentata</i><span>. Amphipods fed Ag-contaminated food contained ~1.8-fold more tissue Ag concentrations than those fed uncontaminated food. As suggested in kinetic (DYMBAM) modeling studies, ingestion of contaminated sediments and food were the principle routes of Ag bioaccumulation by the benthic invertebrates during chronic exposure, but the relative importance of each uptake route differed among species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Marine Ecology","doi":"10.3354/meps270141","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Yoo, H., Lee, J., Lee, B., Lee, I., Schlekat, C., Koh, C., and Luoma, S., 2004, Uptake pathway for Ag bioaccumulation in three benthic invertebrates exposed to contaminated sediments: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 270, p. 141-152, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps270141.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478229,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps270141","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"270","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd78e4b08c986b32904b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yoo, H.","contributorId":46725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoo","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, J.-S.","contributorId":15787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, B.-G.","contributorId":11777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"B.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, I.T.","contributorId":19352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"I.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schlekat, C.E.","contributorId":89683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlekat","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koh, C.-H.","contributorId":9797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koh","given":"C.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70027281,"text":"70027281 - 2004 - Supergroup stratigraphy of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains (Middle? Jurassic through holocene, Eastern North America)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T06:49:15","indexId":"70027281","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Supergroup stratigraphy of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains (Middle? Jurassic through holocene, Eastern North America)","docAbstract":"An inclusive supergroup stratigraphic framework for the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains is proposed herein. This framework consists of five supergroups that 1) are regionally inclusive and regionally applicable, 2) meaningfully reflect the overall stratigraphic and structural history of the Coastal Plains geologic province of the southeastern United States, and 3) create stratigraphic units that are readily mappable and useful at a regional level. Only the Marquesas Supergroup (Lower Cretaceous to lowest Upper Cretaceous) has been previously established. The Trent Supergroup (middle middle Eocene to basal lower Miocene) is an existing name here raised to supergroup rank. The Minden Supergroup (Middle? through Upper Jurassic), the Ancora Supergroup (Upper Cretaceous to lower middle Eocene), and the Nomini Supergroup (lower Miocene to Recent) are new stratigraphic concepts proposed herein. In order to bring existing groups and formations into accord with the supergroups described here, the following stratigraphic revisions are made. 1) The base of the Shark River Formation (Trent Supergroup) is moved upward. 2) The Old Church Formation is removed from the Chesapeake Group (Nomini Supergroup) and moved to the Trent Supergroup without group placement. 3) The Tiger Leap and Penney Farms formations are removed from the Hawthorn Group (Nomini Supergroup) and moved to the Trent Supergroup without group placement. 4) The Piney Point and Chickahominy formations are removed from the Pamunkey Group (Ancora Supergroup) and moved to the Trent Supergroup without group placement. 5) the Tallahatta Formation is removed from the Claiborne Group (Trent Supergroup) and placed within the Ancora Supergroup without group placement.","language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Weems, R.E., Self-Trail, J., and Edwards, L.E., 2004, Supergroup stratigraphy of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains (Middle? Jurassic through holocene, Eastern North America): Southeastern Geology, v. 42, no. 4, p. 191-216.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f59e4b08c986b31e4f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Self-Trail, Jean 0000-0002-3018-4985 jstrail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3018-4985","contributorId":147370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self-Trail","given":"Jean","email":"jstrail@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027292,"text":"70027292 - 2004 - Microforms in gravel bed rivers: Formation, disintegration, and effects on bedload transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70027292","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microforms in gravel bed rivers: Formation, disintegration, and effects on bedload transport","docAbstract":"This research aims to advance current knowledge on cluster formation and evolution by tackling some of the aspects associated with cluster microtopography and the effects of clusters on bedload transport. The specific objectives of the study are (1) to identify the bed shear stress range in which clusters form and disintegrate, (2) to quantitatively describe the spacing characteristics and orientation of clusters with respect to flow characteristics, (3) to quantify the effects clusters have on the mean bedload rate, and (4) to assess the effects of clusters on the pulsating nature of bedload. In order to meet the objectives of this study, two main experimental scenarios, namely, Test Series A and B (20 experiments overall) are considered in a laboratory flume under well-controlled conditions. Series A tests are performed to address objectives (1) and (2) while Series B is designed to meet objectives (3) and (4). Results show that cluster microforms develop in uniform sediment at 1.25 to 2 times the Shields parameter of an individual particle and start disintegrating at about 2.25 times the Shields parameter. It is found that during an unsteady flow event, effects of clusters on bedload transport rate can be classified in three different phases: a sink phase where clusters absorb incoming sediment, a neutral phase where clusters do not affect bedload, and a source phase where clusters release particles. Clusters also increase the magnitude of the fluctuations in bedload transport rate, showing that clusters amplify the unsteady nature of bedload transport. A fourth-order autoregressive, autoregressive integrated moving average model is employed to describe the time series of bedload and provide a predictive formula for predicting bedload at different periods. Finally, a change-point analysis enhanced with a binary segmentation procedure is performed to identify the abrupt changes in the bedload statistic characteristics due to the effects of clusters and detect the different phases in bedload time series using probability theory. The analysis verifies the experimental findings that three phases are detected in the bedload rate time series structure, namely, sink, neutral, and source. ?? ASCE / JUNE 2004.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:6(554)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Strom, K., Papanicolaou, A., Evangelopoulos, N., and Odeh, M., 2004, Microforms in gravel bed rivers: Formation, disintegration, and effects on bedload transport: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 130, no. 6, p. 554-567, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:6(554).","startPage":"554","endPage":"567","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209209,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:6(554)"},{"id":235458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a567ce4b0c8380cd6d612","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strom, K.","contributorId":75735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papanicolaou, A.N.","contributorId":10208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papanicolaou","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evangelopoulos, N.","contributorId":93678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evangelopoulos","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Odeh, M.","contributorId":95413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odeh","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027293,"text":"70027293 - 2004 - USGS tethered ACP platforms: New design means more safety and accuracy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70027293","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1918,"text":"Hydro International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS tethered ACP platforms: New design means more safety and accuracy","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey has developed an innovative tethered platform that supports an Acoustic Current Profiler (ACP) in making stream-flow measurements (use of the term ACP in this article refers to a class of instruments and not a specific brand name or model). The tethered platform reduces the hazards involved in conventional methods of stream-flow measurement. The use of the platform reduces or eliminates time spent by personnel in streams and boats or on bridges and cableway and stream-flow measurement accuracy is increased.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydro International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"13854569","usgsCitation":"Morlock, S.E., Stewart, J.A., and Rehmel, M., 2004, USGS tethered ACP platforms: New design means more safety and accuracy: Hydro International, v. 8, no. 4, p. 45-47.","startPage":"45","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbbe6e4b08c986b3288d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morlock, S. E.","contributorId":31437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morlock","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, J. A.","contributorId":50158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rehmel, M.S.","contributorId":43148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehmel","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027289,"text":"70027289 - 2004 - Flow path of the 1993 Hokkaido-Nansei-oki earthquake seismoturbidite, suthern margin of the Japan sea north basin, inferred from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70027289","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow path of the 1993 Hokkaido-Nansei-oki earthquake seismoturbidite, suthern margin of the Japan sea north basin, inferred from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility","docAbstract":"A magnetic fabric analysis has been carried out on standard cube samples from one gravity and three multiple cores extracted from the Shiribeshi trough and Okushiri basin in the southern margin of the Japan sea north basin. It is aimed at tracing the flow path of turbidites that are assumed to have deposited in response to the 1993 Hokkaido-Nansei-oki earthquake. Magnetic remanence was used for reorientation to the geographic coordinates. Magnetomineralogical investigations including low-temperature magnetometry, magnetic hysteresis loops and isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) acquisition experiments indicate that pseudosingle domain to multidomain magnetite is the principal magnetic carrier and is, therefore, capable of providing reliable anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) palaeocurrent direction estimates. A well-developed near-horizontal magnetic foliation and minimum susceptibility axes lying close to vertical are recorded at all sites reflecting an original depositional fabric. Clearly defined magnetic lineation was observed at all sites and is considered to reflect the palaeocurrent direction. Down-core changes of susceptibility and key AMS parameters show good correspondence to occurrences of turbidite layers marking the increase of input of influx materials. In agreement with results from recent marine surveys and IZANAGI side-scan sonar images, an NNE transportation trend has been estimated for sediments at sites from the Shiribeshi trough with a possible depositing path initiating from the slope bounding the south and southeastern margin down to the trough floor. Similarly, a SSE palaeocurrent direction has been estimated for sediments from the Okushiri basin with evidence for a relatively strong transporting current flowing through the canyons along the steep slope bounding the north and northeastern margins of the basin. The present results agree with the view that slope failure is the most probable mechanism for the down-slope transport of the sand from the shelves and upper slopes down to floors of basins and troughs in the southern margin of the Japan sea north basin. They further support the ongoing assumption that the 1993 Hokkaido-Nansei-oki and other strong historical earthquakes together with associated tsunamis are the principal triggering forces for the down-slope mass gravitational transport and formation of turbidites in this seismically active area. ?? 2004 RAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02210.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Abdeldayem, A., Ikehara, K., and Yamazaki, T., 2004, Flow path of the 1993 Hokkaido-Nansei-oki earthquake seismoturbidite, suthern margin of the Japan sea north basin, inferred from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility: Geophysical Journal International, v. 157, no. 1, p. 15-24, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02210.x.","startPage":"15","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478104,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2004.02210.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209155,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02210.x"},{"id":235383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"157","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a124be4b0c8380cd54253","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abdeldayem, A.L.","contributorId":46282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abdeldayem","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ikehara, K.","contributorId":11814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikehara","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yamazaki, T.","contributorId":82064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamazaki","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027515,"text":"70027515 - 2004 - Upper Cretaceous sequences and sea-level history, New Jersey Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027515","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper Cretaceous sequences and sea-level history, New Jersey Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"We developed a Late Cretaceous sealevel estimate from Upper Cretaceous sequences at Bass River and Ancora, New Jersey (ODP [Ocean Drilling Program] Leg 174AX). We dated 11-14 sequences by integrating Sr isotope and biostratigraphy (age resolution ??0.5 m.y.) and then estimated paleoenvironmental changes within the sequences from lithofacies and biofacies analyses. Sequences generally shallow upsection from middle-neritic to inner-neritic paleodepths, as shown by the transition from thin basal glauconite shelf sands (transgressive systems tracts [TST]), to medial-prodelta silty clays (highstand systems tracts [HST]), and finally to upper-delta-front quartz sands (HST). Sea-level estimates obtained by backstripping (accounting for paleodepth variations, sediment loading, compaction, and basin subsidence) indicate that large (>25 m) and rapid (???1 m.y.) sea-level variations occurred during the Late Cretaceous greenhouse world. The fact that the timing of Upper Cretaceous sequence boundaries in New Jersey is similar to the sea-level lowering records of Exxon Production Research Company (EPR), northwest European sections, and Russian platform outcrops points to a global cause. Because backstripping, seismicity, seismic stratigraphic data, and sediment-distribution patterns all indicate minimal tectonic effects on the New Jersey Coastal Plain, we interpret that we have isolated a eustatic signature. The only known mechanism that can explain such global changes-glacio-eustasy-is consistent with foraminiferal ??18O data. Either continental ice sheets paced sea-level changes during the Late Cretaceous, or our understanding of causal mechanisms for global sea-level change is fundamentally flawed. Comparison of our eustatic history with published ice-sheet models and Milankovitch predictions suggests that small (5-10 ?? 106 km3), ephemeral, and areally restricted Antarctic ice sheets paced the Late Cretaceous global sea-level change. New Jersey and Russian eustatic estimates are typically one-half of the EPR amplitudes, though this difference varies through time, yielding markedly different eustatic curves. We conclude that New Jersey provides the best available estimate for Late Cretaceous sea-level variations. ?? 2004 Geological Society America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25279.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Miller, K., Sugarman, P.J., Browning, J., Kominz, M., Olsson, R., Feigenson, M., and Hernandez, J., 2004, Upper Cretaceous sequences and sea-level history, New Jersey Coastal Plain: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 116, no. 3-4, p. 368-393, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25279.1.","startPage":"368","endPage":"393","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211067,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25279.1"},{"id":238232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd38e4b08c986b328f1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, K.G.","contributorId":18094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sugarman, P. J.","contributorId":81154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugarman","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Browning, J.V.","contributorId":18889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kominz, M.A.","contributorId":107471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kominz","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olsson, R.K.","contributorId":83296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsson","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Feigenson, M.D.","contributorId":65641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feigenson","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hernandez, J.C.","contributorId":29613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernandez","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70027792,"text":"70027792 - 2004 - A unique approach to estimating lateral anisotropy in complex geohydrologic environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T22:28:09.904333","indexId":"70027792","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2339,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A unique approach to estimating lateral anisotropy in complex geohydrologic environments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Aquifers in fractured rock or karstic settings are likely to have anisotropic transmissivity distributions. Aquifer tests that are performed in these settings also are frequently affected by leakage from adjacent confining units. Finite-difference models such as MODFLOW are convenient tools for estimating the hydraulic characteristics of the stressed aquifer and adjacent confining units but are poor tools for the estimation of lateral anisotropy. This limitation of finite-difference methods can be overcome by application of the spin method, a technique whereby the positions of the observation wells are rotated about the production well to estimate anisotropy and orientation. Formal parameter estimation is necessary to analyze aquifer tests because of the number of parameters that are estimated. As a test, transmissivity, anisotropy, and orientation were successfully estimated for a simple hypothetical problem with known properties. The technique also was applied to estimate hydraulic properties of the Santee Limestone/Black Mingo (SL/BM) aquifer and a leaky confining unit beneath Charleston, South Carolina. A 9-day aquifer test with an average discharge of 6441/min was analyzed numerically. Drawdowns in the SL/BM aquifer and confining unit were simulated with a 12-layer MODFLOW model that was discretized into 81 rows of 81 columns. Simulated drawdowns at seven observation wells that ranged from 23 to 2700 m from the production well were matched to measured drawdowns. Transmissivity estimated along the minor axis ranged from 10 to 15 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/day and along the major axis ranged from 80 to 10Om</span><sub>2</sub><span>/day. The major axis of transmissivity was oriented along compass heading 116° (degrees clockwise from north), which agrees with geologic interpretations. Vertical hydraulic conductivity and specific storage estimates for the overlying confining unit were 4 x 10</span><sup>-5</sup><span>&nbsp;m/day and 2 x 10</span><sup>-4</sup><span>&nbsp;1/m, respectively.</span></p>","language":"French, English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00221680409500050","usgsCitation":"Halford, K.J., and Campbell, B., 2004, A unique approach to estimating lateral anisotropy in complex geohydrologic environments: Journal of Hydraulic Research, v. 42, no. Sup. 1, p. 77-81, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221680409500050.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"81","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238035,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Charleston","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.1397705078125,\n              32.731840896865684\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.7882080078125,\n              32.731840896865684\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.7882080078125,\n              32.88420028540548\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.1397705078125,\n              32.88420028540548\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.1397705078125,\n              32.731840896865684\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"Sup. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e60ce4b0c8380cd4711f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halford, K. J. 0000-0002-7322-1846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":61077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, B.","contributorId":65279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027435,"text":"70027435 - 2004 - Using dual-bacterial denitrification to improve δ15N determinations of nitrates containing mass-independent 17O","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T18:20:31.303632","indexId":"70027435","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Using dual-bacterial denitrification to improve δ<sup>15</sup>N determinations of nitrates containing mass-independent <sup>17</sup>O","title":"Using dual-bacterial denitrification to improve δ15N determinations of nitrates containing mass-independent 17O","docAbstract":"<p><span>The bacterial denitrification method for isotopic analysis of nitrate using N</span><sub>2</sub><span>O generated from </span><i>Pseudomonas aureofaciens</i><span> may overestimate </span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N values by as much as 1–2‰ for samples containing atmospheric nitrate because of mass-independent </span><sup>17</sup><span>O variations in such samples. By analyzing such samples for </span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N and </span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O using the denitrifier </span><i>Pseudomonas chlororaphis</i><span>, one obtains nearly correct </span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N values because oxygen in N</span><sub>2</sub><span>O generated by </span><i>P. chlororaphis</i><span> is primarily derived from H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O. The difference between the apparent </span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N value determined with </span><i>P. aureofaciens</i><span> and that determined with </span><i>P. chlororaphis</i><span>, assuming mass-dependent oxygen isotopic fractionation, reflects the amount of mass-independent </span><sup>17</sup><span>O in a nitrate sample. By interspersing nitrate isotopic reference materials having substantially different </span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O values with samples, one can normalize oxygen isotope ratios and determine the fractions of oxygen in N</span><sub>2</sub><span>O derived from the nitrate and from water with each denitrifier. This information can be used to improve </span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N values of nitrates having excess </span><sup>17</sup><span>O. The same analyses also yield estimates of the magnitude of </span><sup>17</sup><span>O excess in the nitrate (expressed as </span><i>Δ</i><sup>17</sup><span>O) that may be useful in some environmental studies. The 1-</span><i>σ</i><span> uncertainties of </span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N, </span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O and </span><i>Δ</i><sup>17</sup><span>O measurements are ±0.2, ±0.3 and ±5‰, respectively. </span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1002/rcm.1318","usgsCitation":"Coplen, T.B., Bohlke, J., and Casciotti, K.L., 2004, Using dual-bacterial denitrification to improve δ15N determinations of nitrates containing mass-independent 17O: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 18, no. 3, p. 245-250, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1318.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"250","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc048e4b08c986b32a031","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casciotti, Karen L. 0000-0002-5286-7795","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5286-7795","contributorId":213205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Casciotti","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38718,"text":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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