{"pageNumber":"2722","pageRowStart":"68025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70027685,"text":"70027685 - 2004 - Using fish communities to assess streams in Romania: Initial development of an index of biotic integrity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70027685","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using fish communities to assess streams in Romania: Initial development of an index of biotic integrity","docAbstract":"Multimetric biotic indices increasingly are used to complement physicochemical data in assessments of stream quality. We initiated development of multimetric indices, based on fish communities, to assess biotic integrity of streams in two physiographic regions of central Romania. Unlike previous efforts to develop such indices for European streams, our metrics and scoring criteria were selected largely on the basis of empirical relations in the regions of interest. We categorised 54 fish species with respect to ten natural-history attributes, then used this information to compute 32 candidate metrics of five types (taxonomic, tolerance, abundance, reproductive, and feeding) for each of 35 sites. We assessed the utility of candidate metrics for detecting anthropogenic impact based on three criteria: (a) range of values taken, (b) relation to a site-quality index (SQI), which incorporated information on hydrologic alteration, channel alteration, land-use intensity, and water chemistry, and (c) metric redundancy. We chose seven metrics from each region to include in preliminary multimetric indices (PMIs). Both PMIs included taxonomic, tolerance, and feeding metrics, but only two metrics were common to both PMIs. Although we could not validate our PMIs, their strong association with the SQI in each region suggests that such indices would be valuable tools for assessing stream quality and could provide more comprehensive assessments than the traditional approaches based solely on water chemistry.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:HYDR.0000014030.18386.65","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Angermeier, P., and Davideanu, G., 2004, Using fish communities to assess streams in Romania: Initial development of an index of biotic integrity: Hydrobiologia, v. 511, p. 65-78, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000014030.18386.65.","startPage":"65","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210941,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000014030.18386.65"},{"id":238029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"511","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc04fe4b08c986b32a054","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Angermeier, P. L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":6410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davideanu, G.","contributorId":105522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davideanu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027726,"text":"70027726 - 2004 - Magmatic intrusion west of Three Sisters, central Oregon, USA: The perspective from spring geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T10:36:10","indexId":"70027726","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magmatic intrusion west of Three Sisters, central Oregon, USA: The perspective from spring geochemistry","docAbstract":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: left;\"><span>A geochemical investigation of springs near Three Sisters volcanoes was conducted in response to the detection of crustal uplift west of the peaks. Dilute, low-temperature springs near the center of uplift show </span><sup>3</sup><span>He/</span><sup>4</sup><span>He ratios ≥7</span><i>R</i><sub>A</sub><span> (</span><i>R</i><sub>A</sub><span> is the ratio in air), and transport in total ∼16 MW of heat and ∼180 g/s of magmatic carbon (as CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>). These anomalous conditions clearly reflect the influence of magma, but they seemingly predate the onset of the present uplift and derive from a previous event. Episodes of intrusion may thus be more common in this area than the age of eruptive vents would imply.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1130/G19974.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Evans, W.C., van Soest, M., Mariner, R.H., Hurwitz, S., Ingebritsen, S.E., Wicks, C., and Schmidt, M., 2004, Magmatic intrusion west of Three Sisters, central Oregon, USA: The perspective from spring geochemistry: Geology, v. 32, no. 1, p. 69-72, https://doi.org/10.1130/G19974.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"72","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b4ae4b0c8380cd6942c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Soest, M.C.","contributorId":78533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Soest","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mariner, Robert H.","contributorId":81075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurwitz, S.","contributorId":61110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wicks, C.W. Jr.","contributorId":6228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"C.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schmidt, M.E.","contributorId":53075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70027497,"text":"70027497 - 2004 - Deep and bottom water export from the Southern Ocean to the Pacific over the past 38 million years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-18T16:14:31.270662","indexId":"70027497","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep and bottom water export from the Southern Ocean to the Pacific over the past 38 million years","docAbstract":"<p>The application of radiogenic isotopes to the study of Cenozoic circulation patterns in the South Pacific Ocean has been hampered by the fact that records from only equatorial Pacific deep water have been available. We present new Pb and Nd isotope time series for two ferromanganese crusts that grew from equatorial Pacific bottom water (D137-01, \"Nova,\" 7219 m water depth) and southwest Pacific deep water (63KD, \"Tasman,\" 1700 m water depth). The crusts were dated using <sup>10</sup><span>Be/</span><sup>9</sup><span>Be</span> ratios combined with constant Co-flux dating and yield time series for the past 38 and 23 Myr, respectively. The surface Nd and Pb isotope distributions are consistent with the present-day circulation pattern, and therefore the new records are considered suitable to reconstruct Eocene through Miocene paleoceanography for the South Pacific. The isotope time series of crusts Nova and Tasman suggest that equatorial Pacific deep water and waters from the Southern Ocean supplied the dissolved trace metals to both sites over the past 38 Myr. Changes in the isotopic composition of crust Nova are interpreted to reflect development of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and changes in Pacific deep water circulation caused by the build up of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. The Nd isotopic composition of the shallower water site in the southwest Pacific appears to have been more sensitive to circulation changes resulting from closure of the Indonesian seaway.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003PA000923","usgsCitation":"van de Flierdt, T., Frank, M., Halliday, A.N., Hein, J., Hattendorf, B., Gunther, D., and Kubik, P., 2004, Deep and bottom water export from the Southern Ocean to the Pacific over the past 38 million years: Paleoceanography, v. 19, no. 1, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003PA000923.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478121,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003pa000923","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"South Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -182.4609375,\n              -56.170022982932046\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.93750000000001,\n              -56.170022982932046\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.93750000000001,\n              -13.2399454992863\n            ],\n            [\n              -182.4609375,\n              -13.2399454992863\n            ],\n            [\n              -182.4609375,\n              -56.170022982932046\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe1be4b0c8380cd4eb18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van de Flierdt, T.","contributorId":55613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van de Flierdt","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frank, M.","contributorId":103396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halliday, A. N.","contributorId":87663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halliday","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hattendorf, B.","contributorId":80052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hattendorf","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gunther, D.","contributorId":35491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunther","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kubik, P.W.","contributorId":21691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubik","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70027477,"text":"70027477 - 2004 - Soil science and geology: Connects, disconnects and new opportunities in geoscience education","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:45:12","indexId":"70027477","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2324,"text":"Journal of Geoscience Education","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil science and geology: Connects, disconnects and new opportunities in geoscience education","docAbstract":"Despite historical linkages, the fields of geology and soil science have developed along largely divergent paths in the United States during much of the mid- to late- twentieth century. The shift in recent decades within both disciplines to greater emphasis on environmental quality issues and a systems approach has created new opportunities for collaboration and cross-training. Because of the importance of the soil as a dynamic interface between the hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere, introductory and advanced soil science classes are now being taught in a number of earth and environmental science departments. The National Research Council's recent report, Basic Research Opportunities in Earth Science, highlights the soil zone as part of the land surface-to-groundwater \"critical zone\" requiring additional investigation. To better prepare geology undergraduates to deal with complex environmental problems, their training should include a fundamental understanding of the nature and properties of soils. Those undergraduate geology students with an interest in this area should be encouraged to view soil science as a viable earth science specialty area for graduate study. Summer internships such as those offered by the National Science Foundation-funded Integrative Graduate Education, Research, and Training (IGERT) programs offer geology undergraduates the opportunity to explore research and career opportunities in soil science.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.5408/1089-9995-52.2.191","issn":"10899995","usgsCitation":"Landa, E.R., 2004, Soil science and geology: Connects, disconnects and new opportunities in geoscience education: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 52, no. 2, p. 191-196, https://doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-52.2.191.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"196","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9219e4b08c986b319cd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70027548,"text":"70027548 - 2004 - Prospects for quantifying structure, floristic composition and species richness of tropical forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-27T16:25:32.661836","indexId":"70027548","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prospects for quantifying structure, floristic composition and species richness of tropical forests","docAbstract":"<p>Airborne spectral and light detection and ranging (lidar) sensors have been used to quantify biophysical characteristics of tropical forests. Lidar sensors have provided high-resolution data on forest height, canopy topography, volume, and gap size; and provided estimates on number of strata in a forest, successional status of forests, and above-ground biomass. Spectral sensors have provided data on vegetation types, foliar biochemistry content of forest canopies, tree and canopy phenology, and spectral signatures for selected tree species. A number of advances are theoretically possible with individual and combined spectral and lidar sensors for the study of forest structure, floristic composition and species richness. Delineating individual canopies of over-storey trees with small footprint lidar and discrimination of tree architectural types with waveform distributions is possible and would provide scientists with a new method to study tropical forest structure. Combined spectral and lidar data can be used to identify selected tree species and identify the successional status of tropical forest fragments in order to rank forest patches by levels of species richness. It should be possible in the near future to quantify selected patterns of tropical forests at a higher resolution than can currently be undertaken in the field or from space.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/01431160310001598917","usgsCitation":"Gillespie, T., Brock, J., and Wright, C.W., 2004, Prospects for quantifying structure, floristic composition and species richness of tropical forests: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 25, no. 4, p. 707-715, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160310001598917.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"707","endPage":"715","costCenters":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f5de4b0c8380cd7f6ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillespie, T.W.","contributorId":83315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillespie","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brock, J. 0000-0002-5289-9332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":71658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, C. W. wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":49758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015184,"text":"1015184 - 2004 - Empirical evidence for large nonmarket values for water resources: TCM benefits estimates for Lake Powell","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T12:50:15","indexId":"1015184","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2080,"text":"International Journal of Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical evidence for large nonmarket values for water resources: TCM benefits estimates for Lake Powell","docAbstract":"<p><span>The wide acceptance of travel cost method (TCM) nonmarket benefits estimates rests, in part, on the fact that it deploys data on actual expenditures – as opposed to hypothetical behaviour – to estimate benefits conferred. The data for the current analysis was gathered from a survey that was distributed on-site at Lake Powell in 1997. The Lake Powell survey data indicates that aggregate recreation expenditures for Lake Powell trips were a remarkable $291 million in 1997. Hence, TCM benefits estimates for Lake Powell are also notably high. We explore several policy and management implications of our estimates including the light these high values shed on recent large and highly controversial CVM benefits estimates at water based sites.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inderscience","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2004.005524","usgsCitation":"Douglas, A.J., and Johnson, R.L., 2004, Empirical evidence for large nonmarket values for water resources: TCM benefits estimates for Lake Powell: International Journal of Water, v. 2, no. 4, p. 229-246, https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2004.005524.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"246","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Lake Powell","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.6815185546875,\n              36.89389967838269\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.30685424804686,\n              36.89389967838269\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.30685424804686,\n              37.65773212628272\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.6815185546875,\n              37.65773212628272\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.6815185546875,\n              36.89389967838269\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6057e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, Aaron J.","contributorId":76243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":32626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":93801,"text":"93801 - 2004 - Grey wolf <i>Canis lupus</i> Linnaeus, 1758","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-15T11:16:40","indexId":"93801","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Grey wolf <i>Canis lupus</i> Linnaeus, 1758","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canids: foxes, wolves, jackals, and dogs: status survey and conservation action plan","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"IUCN--The World Conservation Union","publisherLocation":"Gland, Switzerland","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., and Boitani, L., 2004, Grey wolf <i>Canis lupus</i> Linnaeus, 1758, chap. <i>of</i> Canids: foxes, wolves, jackals, and dogs: status survey and conservation action plan, p. 124-129.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292281,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/8500"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671f79","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio","contributorId":99476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sillero-Zubiri","given":"Claudio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505162,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffmann, Michael","contributorId":108034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505163,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macdonald, David W.","contributorId":108374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macdonald","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505164,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boitani, L.","contributorId":66196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boitani","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1012984,"text":"1012984 - 2004 - Spatial and temporal multiyear sea ice distributions in the Arctic: A neural network analysis of SSM/I data, 1988-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T12:01:23","indexId":"1012984","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal multiyear sea ice distributions in the Arctic: A neural network analysis of SSM/I data, 1988-2001","docAbstract":"<p>Arctic multiyear sea ice concentration maps for January 1988-2001 were generated from SSM/I brightness temperatures (19H, 19V, and 37V) using modified multiple layer perceptron neural networks. Learning data for the neural networks were extracted from ice maps derived from Okean and ERS satellite imagery to capitalize on the stability of active radar multiyear ice signatures. Evaluations of three learning algorithms and several topologies indicated that networks constructed with error back propagation learning and 3-20-1 topology produced the most consistent and physically plausible results. Operational neural networks were developed specifically with January learning data, and then used to estimate daily multiyear ice concentrations from daily-averaged SSM/I brightness temperatures during January. Monthly mean maps were produced for analysis by averaging the respective daily estimates. The 14-year series of January multiyear ice distributions revealed dense and persistent cover in the central Arctic surrounded by expansive regions of highly fluctuating interannual cover. Estimates of total multiyear ice area by the neural network were intermediate to those of other passive microwave algorithms, but annual fluctuations and trends were similar among all algorithms. When compared to Radarsat estimates of multiyear ice concentration in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas (1997-1999), average discrepancies were small (0.9-2.5%) and spatial coherency was reasonable, indicating the neural network's Okean and ERS learning data facilitated passive microwave inversion that emulated backscatter signatures. During 1988-2001, total January multiyear ice area declined at a significant linear rate of -54.3 x 10<sup>3</sup> km<sup>2</sup>/yr<sup>-1</sup> (-1.4%/yr<sup>-1</sup>). The most persistent and extensive decline in multiyear ice concentration (-3.3%/yr<sup>-1</sup>) occurred in the southern Beaufort and Chukchi Seas. In autumn 1996, a large multiyear ice recruitment of over 106 km<sup>2</sup> (mostly in the Siberian Arctic) fully replenished the previous 8-year decline in total area, but it was followed by an accelerated and compensatory decline during the subsequent 4 years. Seventy-five percent of the interannual variation in January multiyear sea ice area was explained by linear regression on two atmospheric parameters: the previous inter's (JFM) Arctic Oscillation index as a proxy to melt duration and the previous year's average sea level pressure gradient across the Fram Strait as a proxy to annual ice export. Consecutive year changes (1994-2001) in January multiyear ice volume were significantly correlated with duration of the intervening melt season (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.73, -80.0 km<sup>3</sup>/d<sup>-1</sup>), emphasizing a large thermodynamic influence on the Arctic's mass sea ice balance during summers with anomalous melt durations.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JC002388","usgsCitation":"Belchansky, G., Douglas, D., Alpatsky, I., and Platonov, N.G., 2004, Spatial and temporal multiyear sea ice distributions in the Arctic: A neural network analysis of SSM/I data, 1988-2001: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 109, no. 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,{"id":96226,"text":"96226 - 2004 - Foraging ecology in White-tailed Kites (Elanus leucurus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-30T18:29:50","indexId":"96226","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"displayTitle":"Foraging ecology in White-tailed Kites (<i>Elanus leucurus</i>)","title":"Foraging ecology in White-tailed Kites (Elanus leucurus)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Western Illinois University","publisherLocation":"Macomb, IL","usgsCitation":"Mohan, H., 2004, Foraging ecology in White-tailed Kites (Elanus leucurus), 36 p.","productDescription":"36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae5a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mohan, H.M.","contributorId":9987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohan","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":96757,"text":"96757 - 2004 - Distribution and abundance of the southwestern willow flycatcher at selected southern California sites in 2001. Prepared for the California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Division, Sacramento, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:52","indexId":"96757","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Distribution and abundance of the southwestern willow flycatcher at selected southern California sites in 2001. Prepared for the California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Division, Sacramento, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Rourke, J., Kus, B., and Whitfield, M., 2004, Distribution and abundance of the southwestern willow flycatcher at selected southern California sites in 2001. Prepared for the California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Division, Sacramento, California.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649ff5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rourke, J.","contributorId":67032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rourke","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kus, B.","contributorId":97840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitfield, M.","contributorId":100310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitfield","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":85407,"text":"85407 - 2004 - Trapping and shooting light geese on migration and wintering areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:03","indexId":"85407","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Trapping and shooting light geese on migration and wintering areas","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Direct control and alternative harvest strategies for North American light geese: Report of the Direct Control and Alternative Harvest Measures Working Group. Arctic Goose Joint Venture Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Canadian Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC; Ottawa, Ontario","usgsCitation":"Cox, R.R., and Ankeny, C., 2004, Trapping and shooting light geese on migration and wintering areas, chap. <i>of</i> Direct control and alternative harvest strategies for North American light geese: Report of the Direct Control and Alternative Harvest Measures Working Group. Arctic Goose Joint Venture Special Publication, p. 87-94.","productDescription":"p. 87-94","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697df8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Johnson, M. A.","contributorId":87088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504511,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ankeny, C.D.","contributorId":101597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ankeny","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504512,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Cox, R. R. Jr.","contributorId":57006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ankeny, C.D.","contributorId":101597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ankeny","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":93894,"text":"93894 - 2004 - Writing refuge management goals and objectives: a handbook","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-13T14:41:41","indexId":"93894","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Writing refuge management goals and objectives: a handbook","docAbstract":"<p>Goals and objectives are the unifying elements of successful refuge management.\nThey identify and focus management priorities, provide a context for resolving issues,\nguide specific projects, provide rationale for decisions, and offer a defensible link\namong management actions, refuge purpose(s), Service policy, and the National\nWildlife Refuge System (Refuge System) mission. Pursuant to Refuge Planning\nPolicy (602 FW 1, 3, 4), this handbook offers guidance on how to write goals and\nobjectives for national wildlife refuges and provides counsel on their development.\nWhile the handbook specifically addresses biology and visitor services, you can also\nutilize this guidance when developing goals and objectives for other refuge programs.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Several assumptions are basic to this handbook. The handbook focuses on the\nmechanics of writing sound goals and objectives. Detailed guidance on what\ninformation to consider, collect, interpret, and synthesize into goals and objectives is\nbeyond the scope of this handbook. It views a vision statement as the synthesis of a\nrefuge’s purpose(s), the Refuge System mission and goals, and other biological, legal,\nand social concerns in which the refuge has a role. It also assumes a familiarity with\nthe hierarchical nature of planning and where, within a planning process, the writing\nof goals and objectives occurs.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This guidance applies to conceptual management plans, comprehensive conservation\nplans (CCPs), step-down management plans (e.g., habitat management, visitor\nservices, fire management), or any other planning document incorporating goals \nand objectives, including strategic documents developed under the Government\nPerformance and Results Act. We intend this guidance for use by an internal\naudience tasked with writing refuge goals and objectives, primarily refuge managers,\nbiologists, visitor services specialists, planners, and other members of refuge\nplanning teams. Still, it recognizes that we should write goals and objectives so that\ninterested members of the public can understand them, to the extent this does not\njeopardize the technical accuracy or reduce the inclusion of necessary information.\nThe terminology and definitions used in this handbook are widely accepted in the\nplanning field and are not inconsistent with more recent application in strategic\nplanning. Perhaps most important, the handbook presumes all goals and objectives\nmust further the specific purpose(s) of the refuge and the broader mission of the\nRefuge System, as well as be consistent with Refuge Planning Policy and any other\nrelevant Service policy and directives.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, National Wildlife Refuge System","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Adamcik, R.S., Bell, E., DeLong, D.C., Schomaker, J.H., Hamilton, D.B., Laubhan, M.K., and Schroeder, R.L., 2004, Writing refuge management goals and objectives: a handbook, 30 p.","productDescription":"30 p.","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11981,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/refuges/policiesandbudget/pdfs/WritingRefugeGoals_022504.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e49eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adamcik, Robert S.","contributorId":70334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adamcik","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bell, Elizabeth 0000-0002-1587-8241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1587-8241","contributorId":49736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bell","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeLong, Don C. Jr.","contributorId":71925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"Don","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schomaker, John H.","contributorId":81842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schomaker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":298280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Laubhan, Murray K.","contributorId":100324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laubhan","given":"Murray","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schroeder, Richard L.","contributorId":10368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":93893,"text":"93893 - 2004 - Swift fox <i>Vulpes velox</i> (Say, 1823)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-14T10:54:18","indexId":"93893","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Swift fox <i>Vulpes velox</i> (Say, 1823)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canids: foxes, wolves, jackals, and dogs: status survey and conservation action plan","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"IUCN--The World Conservation Union","publisherLocation":"Gland, Switzerland","usgsCitation":"Moehrenschlager, A., and Sovada, M., 2004, Swift fox <i>Vulpes velox</i> (Say, 1823), chap. <i>of</i> Canids: foxes, wolves, jackals, and dogs: status survey and conservation action plan, p. 109-116.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11980,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/8500","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687f7e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio","contributorId":99476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sillero-Zubiri","given":"Claudio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505189,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffmann, Michael","contributorId":108034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505190,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macdonald, David W.","contributorId":108374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macdonald","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505191,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Moehrenschlager, A.","contributorId":35261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moehrenschlager","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sovada, M.A.","contributorId":54534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovada","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003940,"text":"1003940 - 2004 - Book review: Bioindicators & biomonitors, principles, concepts, and applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-21T15:53:03","indexId":"1003940","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Bioindicators & biomonitors, principles, concepts, and applications","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.02.003","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J.P., 2004, Book review: Bioindicators & biomonitors, principles, concepts, and applications: Science of the Total Environment, v. 328, no. 1-3, p. 295-295, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.02.003.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"295","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290617,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.02.003"}],"volume":"328","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605ba4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, James P.","contributorId":100323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":81605,"text":"81605 - 2004 - Lessons learned from the wildfires","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:54","indexId":"81605","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Lessons learned from the wildfires","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire, chaparral and survival in southern California.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Sunbelt Publications","publisherLocation":"El Cajon, CA","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., and Fotheringham, C.J., 2004, Lessons learned from the wildfires, chap. <i>of</i> Fire, chaparral and survival in southern California., p. 112-122.","productDescription":"p. 112-122","startPage":"112","endPage":"122","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8045","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Halsey, R.W.","contributorId":113385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halsey","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504375,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fotheringham, C. J.","contributorId":63334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fotheringham","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008225,"text":"1008225 - 2004 - An experimental demonstration of stem damage as a predictor of fire-caused mortality for ponderosa pine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:26","indexId":"1008225","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An experimental demonstration of stem damage as a predictor of fire-caused mortality for ponderosa pine","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"van Mantgem, P.J., and Schwartz, M., 2004, An experimental demonstration of stem damage as a predictor of fire-caused mortality for ponderosa pine: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 34, p. 1343-1347.","productDescription":"p. 1343-1347","startPage":"1343","endPage":"1347","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684813","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Mantgem, P. J.","contributorId":73527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, M.W.","contributorId":68246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":85960,"text":"85960 - 2004 - Identifying marine bird distribution and evaluating visitor impacts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T11:23:16","indexId":"85960","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Identifying marine bird distribution and evaluating visitor impacts","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annual Report (PMIS 35598) to National Park Service","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Annual Report (PMIS 35598) to National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Arimitsu, M.L., Romano, M.D., and Piatt, J.F., 2004, Identifying marine bird distribution and evaluating visitor impacts.","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698669","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arimitsu, Mayumi L. 0000-0001-6982-2238 marimitsu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-2238","contributorId":140501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arimitsu","given":"Mayumi","email":"marimitsu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romano, Marc D.","contributorId":73528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romano","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":85639,"text":"85639 - 2004 - Tundra swan research needs on the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:01","indexId":"85639","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Tundra swan research needs on the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Selected Papers of the Nineteenth Trumpeter Swan Society Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kenow, K., Nissen, J., Drieslein, R., and Thorson, E., 2004, Tundra swan research needs on the Upper Mississippi River, chap. <i>of</i> Selected Papers of the Nineteenth Trumpeter Swan Society Conference, v. 32, 180-189.","productDescription":"180-189","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db6240c2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Weaver, D.K.","contributorId":90405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504616,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linck, M.H.","contributorId":113897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linck","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504618,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shea, R.E.","contributorId":111842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shea","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504617,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Kenow, K.P.","contributorId":18302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenow","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nissen, J.M.","contributorId":92196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nissen","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drieslein, R.","contributorId":77469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drieslein","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thorson, E.M.","contributorId":35262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorson","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":87276,"text":"87276 - 2004 - Riparian ecosystem assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T14:52:04.447495","indexId":"87276","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"15","title":"Riparian ecosystem assessments","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Riparian areas of the southwestern United States: Hydrology, ecology, and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","usgsCitation":"Stromberg, J., Briggs, M., Scott, M., and Shafroth, P., 2004, Riparian ecosystem assessments, chap. 15 <i>of</i> Riparian areas of the southwestern United States: Hydrology, ecology, and management, p. 315-331.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"331","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267796,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.1201/9780203497753/riparian-areas-southwestern-united-states-malchus-baker-peter-ffolliott-leonard-debano-daniel-neary?refId=7bb56f47-5076-4ad1-bc8c-c58688acdbdb&context=ubx","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a11e4b07f02db600359","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Baker, M. B.","contributorId":76068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504897,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ffolliott, P. F.","contributorId":111494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ffolliott","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504898,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeBano, L. F.","contributorId":113392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBano","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504900,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neary, D. G.","contributorId":112363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neary","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504899,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Stromberg, J.","contributorId":28921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, M.","contributorId":89830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, M.","contributorId":62173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shafroth, P.","contributorId":98665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":81597,"text":"81597 - 2004 - Plant communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T13:45:49.050136","indexId":"81597","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Plant communities","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The natural resources of Point Loma","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cabrillo National Monument Foundation","usgsCitation":"McEachern, K., 2004, Plant communities, chap. 5 <i>of</i> The natural resources of Point Loma, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db685099","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEachern, K.","contributorId":67438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":81485,"text":"81485 - 2004 - Pleistocene glaciations of the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:02","indexId":"81485","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Pleistocene glaciations of the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Quaternary Period in the United States: Developments in Quaternary Science, v. 1","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","usgsCitation":"Pierce, K.L., 2004, Pleistocene glaciations of the Rocky Mountains, chap. <i>of</i> The Quaternary Period in the United States: Developments in Quaternary Science, v. 1, v. 1, p. 63-76.","productDescription":"63-76","startPage":"63","endPage":"76","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684eba","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gillespie, A.R.","contributorId":69575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillespie","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504179,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porter, S.C.","contributorId":35066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504178,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atwater, B.F. 0000-0003-1155-2815","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-2815","contributorId":14006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwater","given":"B.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504177,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, K. L.","contributorId":12404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":85401,"text":"85401 - 2004 - Comparative ecology and conservation priorities of swift and kit foxes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:59:18","indexId":"85401","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Comparative ecology and conservation priorities of swift and kit foxes","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology and Conservation of Wild Canids","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","usgsCitation":"Moehrenschlager, A., Cypher, B., Ralls, K., List, R., and Sovada, M., 2004, Comparative ecology and conservation priorities of swift and kit foxes, chap. <i>of</i> Biology and Conservation of Wild Canids, p. 185-189.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"189","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae529","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"MacDonald, D.W.","contributorId":112448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504498,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sillero-Zubiri, C.","contributorId":112934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sillero-Zubiri","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504499,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Moehrenschlager, A.","contributorId":35261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moehrenschlager","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cypher, B.L.","contributorId":38925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cypher","given":"B.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ralls, K.","contributorId":107222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralls","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"List, R.","contributorId":103612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sovada, M.A.","contributorId":54534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovada","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":87227,"text":"87227 - 2004 - Dynamic consequences of allochthonous nutrient input into freshwater systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:59","indexId":"87227","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1684,"text":"Food Webs at the Landscape Level","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic consequences of allochthonous nutrient input into freshwater systems","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Food Webs at the Landscape Level","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D., and Mulholland, P.J., 2004, Dynamic consequences of allochthonous nutrient input into freshwater systems: Food Webs at the Landscape Level, p. 12-24.","startPage":"12","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62fa0d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Polis, G. A. Huxel, G.R.","contributorId":111457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polis","given":"G. A.","suffix":"Huxel, G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504845,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulholland, P. J.","contributorId":89081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulholland","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1004042,"text":"1004042 - 2004 - National Wildlife Health Center Quarterly Mortality Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-26T14:05:39","indexId":"1004042","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3499,"text":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National Wildlife Health Center Quarterly Mortality Report","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Converse, K.A., Sohn, R., McLaughlin, G., and Lemanksi, C., 2004, National Wildlife Health Center Quarterly Mortality Report: Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 40, no. 3, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              72.71190310803662\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.7421875,\n              72.71190310803662\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.7421875,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db69848d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sohn, R.","contributorId":8042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohn","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLaughlin, G.","contributorId":38506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lemanksi, C.","contributorId":76687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemanksi","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1013395,"text":"1013395 - 2004 - Estimating the time of melt onset and freeze onset over Arctic sea-ice area using active and passive microwave data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:02:07","indexId":"1013395","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the time of melt onset and freeze onset over Arctic sea-ice area using active and passive microwave data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accurate calculation of the time of melt onset, freeze onset, and melt duration over Arctic sea-ice area is crucial for climate and global change studies because it affects accuracy of surface energy balance estimates. This comparative study evaluates several methods used to estimate sea-ice melt and freeze onset dates: (1) the melt onset database derived from SSM/I passive microwave brightness temperatures (</span><i>T</i><sub>b</sub><span>s) using Drobot and Anderson's [J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 24033] Advanced Horizontal Range Algorithm (AHRA) and distributed by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC); (2) the International Arctic Buoy Program/Polar Exchange at the Sea (IABP/POLES) surface air temperatures (SATs); (3) an elaborated version of the AHRA that uses IABP/POLES to avoid anomalous results (Passive Microwave and Surface Temperature Analysis [PMSTA]); (4) another elaborated version of the AHRA that uses<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>T</i><sub>b</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>variance to avoid anomalous results (Mean Differences and Standard Deviation Analysis [MDSDA]); (5) Smith's [J. Geophys. Res. 103 (1998) 27753] vertically polarized<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>T</i><sub>b</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>algorithm for estimating melt onset in multiyear (MY) ice (SSM/I 19V–37V); and (6) analyses of concurrent backscattering cross section (</span><i>σ</i><span>°) and brightness temperature (</span><i>T</i><sub>b</sub><span>) from OKEAN-01 satellite series. Melt onset and freeze onset maps were created and compared to understand how the estimates vary between different satellite instruments and methods over different Arctic sea-ice regions. Comparisons were made to evaluate relative sensitivities among the methods to slight adjustments of the<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>T</i><sub>b</sub><span>calibration coefficients and algorithm threshold values. Compared to the PMSTA method, the AHRA method tended to estimate significantly earlier melt dates, likely caused by the AHRA's susceptibility to prematurely identify melt onset conditions. In contrast, the IABP/POLES surface air temperature data tended to estimate later melt and earlier freeze in all but perennial ice. The MDSDA method was least sensitive to small adjustments of the SMMR–SSM/I inter-satellite calibration coefficients. Differences among methods varied by latitude. Freeze onset dates among methods were most disparate in southern latitudes, and tended to converge northward. Surface air temperatures (IABP/POLES) indicated freeze onset well before the MDSDA method, especially in southern peripheral seas, while PMSTA freeze estimates were generally intermediate. Surface air temperature data estimated latest melt onset dates in southern latitudes, but earliest melt onset in northern latitudes. The PMSTA estimated earliest melt onset dates in southern regions, and converged with the MDSDA northward. Because sea-ice melt and freeze are dynamical transitional processes, differences among these methods are associated with differing sensitivities to changing stages of environmental and physical development. These studies contribute to the growing body of documentation about the levels of disparity obtained when Arctic seasonal transition parameters are estimated using various types of microwave data and algorithms.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2004.05.001","usgsCitation":"Belchansky, G.I., Douglas, D., Mordvintsev, I.N., and Platonov, N.G., 2004, Estimating the time of melt onset and freeze onset over Arctic sea-ice area using active and passive microwave data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 92, no. 1, p. 21-39, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.05.001.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"39","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc7d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belchansky, Gennady I.","contributorId":71471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belchansky","given":"Gennady","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mordvintsev, Ilia N.","contributorId":91044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mordvintsev","given":"Ilia","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Platonov, Nikita G.","contributorId":8791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Platonov","given":"Nikita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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