{"pageNumber":"2724","pageRowStart":"68075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70035341,"text":"70035341 - 2004 - The effects of wildfire on the peak streamflow magnitude and frequency, Frijoles and Capulin Canyons, Bandelier National Monument, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035341","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The effects of wildfire on the peak streamflow magnitude and frequency, Frijoles and Capulin Canyons, Bandelier National Monument, New Mexico","docAbstract":"In June of 1977, the La Mesa fire burned 15,270 acres in and around Frijoles Canyon, Bandelier National Monument and the adjacent Santa Fe National Forest, New Mexico. The Dome fire occurred in April of 1996 in Bandelier National Monument, burned 16,516 acres in Capulin Canyon and the surrounding Dome Wilderness area. Both canyons are characterized by extensive archeological artifacts, which could be threatened by increased runoff and accelerated rates of erosion after a wildfire. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the National Park Service monitored the fires' effects on streamflow in both canyons. Copyright 2004 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Watershed Management and Operations Management 2000","conferenceTitle":"Watershed Management and Operations Management 2000","conferenceDate":"20 June 2000 through 24 June 2000","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40499(2000)39","isbn":"0784404992; 9780784404997","usgsCitation":"Veenhuis, J., 2004, The effects of wildfire on the peak streamflow magnitude and frequency, Frijoles and Capulin Canyons, Bandelier National Monument, New Mexico, in Watershed Management and Operations Management 2000, v. 105, Fort Collins, CO, 20 June 2000 through 24 June 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40499(2000)39.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215341,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40499(2000)39"}],"volume":"105","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babafe4b08c986b322fe1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veenhuis, J.E.","contributorId":6850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veenhuis","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70035165,"text":"70035165 - 2004 - Clearwater local scour experiments in a large flume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035165","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Clearwater local scour experiments in a large flume","docAbstract":"Local sediment scour experiments have been conducted with 0.114 m, 0.305 m and 0.914 m diameter circular piles in a 6.1 m (20 ft) wide by 6.4 m (21 ft) deep by 38.4 m (126 ft) long flume in the Hydraulics Laboratory at the USGS Conte Laboratory in Turners Falls, MA. All of the tests to date have been in the clearwater scour range of velocities and with two near uniform diameter sediments with median diameters of 0.2 mm and 0.8 mm. All tests were conducted with steady, fully developed flows. This paper describes the procedures and instrumentation used in these tests and outlines the live bed scour experiments that are planned after the completion of the clearwater tests. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)130","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"Sheppard, D., Odeh, M., Pritsivelis, A., and Glasser, T., 2004, Clearwater local scour experiments in a large flume, in Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)130.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215182,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)130"},{"id":242964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f642e4b0c8380cd4c63f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheppard, D.M.","contributorId":36336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odeh, M.","contributorId":95413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odeh","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pritsivelis, A.","contributorId":75771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pritsivelis","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glasser, T.","contributorId":60421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glasser","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035342,"text":"70035342 - 2004 - Debris-flow susceptibility of watersheds recently burned by wildfire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035342","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Debris-flow susceptibility of watersheds recently burned by wildfire","docAbstract":"Evaluation of the erosional response of 95 recently burned watersheds in Colorado, New Mexico, and southern California to storm rainfall established the factors that best differentiate between debris-flow producing basins and those that produced other flow responses. These factors are drainage-basin morphology and lithology, and the presence or absence of water-repellent soils. Basins underlain by sedimentary rocks were most likely to produce debris flows that contain large material, and sand- and gravel-dominated debris flows were generated primarily from terrain underlain by decomposed granite. Basin-area and relief thresholds define the morphologic conditions under which both types of debris flows occurred. Debris flows containing large material were more likely to be produced from basins without water-repellent soils than from basins with water repellency. The occurrence of sand and gravel-dominated debris flows depended on the presence of water repellent soils. Copyright 2004 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Watershed Management and Operations Management 2000","conferenceTitle":"Watershed Management and Operations Management 2000","conferenceDate":"20 June 2000 through 24 June 2000","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40499(2000)38","isbn":"0784404992; 9780784404997","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S., 2004, Debris-flow susceptibility of watersheds recently burned by wildfire, in Watershed Management and Operations Management 2000, v. 105, Fort Collins, CO, 20 June 2000 through 24 June 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40499(2000)38.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215342,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40499(2000)38"}],"volume":"105","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdfde4b0c8380cd4ea59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, S.H.","contributorId":38154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70035160,"text":"70035160 - 2004 - Evaluating observations in the context of predictions for the death valley regional groundwater system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035160","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluating observations in the context of predictions for the death valley regional groundwater system","docAbstract":"When a model is calibrated by nonlinear regression, calculated diagnostic and inferential statistics provide a wealth of information about many aspects of the system. This work uses linear inferential statistics that are measures of prediction uncertainty to investigate the likely importance of continued monitoring of hydraulic head to the accuracy of model predictions. The measurements evaluated are hydraulic heads; the predictions of interest are subsurface transport from 15 locations. The advective component of transport is considered because it is the component most affected by the system dynamics represented by the regional-scale model being used. The problem is addressed using the capabilities of the U.S. Geological Survey computer program MODFLOW-2000, with its Advective Travel Observation (ADV) Package. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)390","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"Ely, D., Hill, M.C., Tiedeman, C.R., and O’Brien, G.M., 2004, Evaluating observations in the context of predictions for the death valley regional groundwater system, in Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)390.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215088,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)390"},{"id":242860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bebe4b0c8380cd5293f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, D.M.","contributorId":33356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tiedeman, C. R.","contributorId":104107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Brien, G. M.","contributorId":31407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015162,"text":"1015162 - 2004 - Variable breeding phenology affects the exposure of amphibian embryos to ultraviolet radiation: Reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-01T16:46:33.053141","indexId":"1015162","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variable breeding phenology affects the exposure of amphibian embryos to ultraviolet radiation: Reply","docAbstract":"

Corn and Muths (2002) describe how seasonal and annual variation in estimated flux of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, combined with year-to-year variation in amphibian breeding, phenology, introduces considerable variability in the UV-B exposures to amphibians. The response to our paper by Blaustein et al. (2004) misstates the objective and conclusions of our study, contains other errors of interpretation, and critiques our study for adopting practices that they themselves use. We are confident that an unbiased assessment will show that the conclusions of Corn and Muths (2002) are valid and robust with respect to montane amphibians, and that the criticisms raised by Blaustein et al. (2004) are either invalid or irrelevant.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/03-3173","usgsCitation":"Corn, P., and Muths, E., 2004, Variable breeding phenology affects the exposure of amphibian embryos to ultraviolet radiation: Reply: Ecology, v. 85, no. 6, p. 1759-1763, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-3173.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1759","endPage":"1763","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602b8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corn, Paul Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":107379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":322376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muths, Erin 0000-0002-5498-3132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":14012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194904,"text":"70194904 - 2004 - Plume-scale testing of a simplified method for detecting tritium contamination in plants and soil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-11T06:27:16","indexId":"70194904","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"chapter":"4.5","title":"Plume-scale testing of a simplified method for detecting tritium contamination in plants and soil","docAbstract":"

Cost-effective methods are needed to detect contamination near radioactive-waste and other contaminated sites. Such methods should be capable of providing an early warning of contaminant releases and should be accurate and robust enough for assessing the long-term performance of waste-isolation facilities and remediation measures. Recently, a simplified method for detecting tritium contamination in plants and soil was developed (1). The method includes solar distillation of plant water from foliage, followed by filtration and adsorption of scintillation-interfering constituents on a graphite-based solid-phase-extraction column prior to direct-scintillation counting. The objectives of the in-progress study described here are to (i) test the simplified contamination-detection method for collection and analysis of plume-scale tritium data and (ii) gain insight into tritium migration pathways and processes.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Workshop on long-term performance monitoring of metals and radionuclides in the subsurface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint workshop on long-term monitoring of metals and radionuclides in the subsurface: Strategies, tools and case studies","conferenceDate":"April 21-22, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Reston, VA","language":"English","publisher":"Center for Integrated Sensor Technology and Environmental Monitoring Systems","usgsCitation":"Andraski, B.J., Halford, K.J., and Michel, R.L., 2004, Plume-scale testing of a simplified method for detecting tritium contamination in plants and soil, in Proceedings, Workshop on long-term performance monitoring of metals and radionuclides in the subsurface, Reston, VA, April 21-22, 2004, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350739,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","city":"Beatty","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert Research Site","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-115.9082,39.1615],[-115.5191,38.9578],[-115.4725,38.9325],[-115.4433,38.9162],[-115.3694,38.8769],[-115.363,38.874],[-115.242,38.8093],[-115.0969,38.7309],[-115.0777,38.721],[-115.0604,38.7107],[-115.0291,38.6937],[-114.999,38.6777],[-114.9996,38.592],[-114.9997,38.4315],[-114.9994,38.3894],[-115.0004,38.0507],[-115.1185,38.0508],[-115.1436,38.0508],[-115.326,38.0515],[-115.3453,38.0514],[-115.4003,38.051],[-115.4587,38.0506],[-115.6394,38.0512],[-115.6581,38.051],[-115.8404,38.0504],[-115.8931,38.0507],[-115.8938,37.723],[-115.8969,37.5498],[-115.8975,37.2796],[-115.8982,37.1926],[-115.8942,36.8425],[-115.8941,36.686],[-115.8945,36.6702],[-115.8949,36.598],[-115.8949,36.5962],[-115.8946,36.5858],[-115.8947,36.5005],[-115.8945,36.4806],[-115.8949,36.462],[-115.8944,36.457],[-115.8948,36.3087],[-115.8945,36.2923],[-115.8943,36.1957],[-115.8945,36.1608],[-115.8948,36.1163],[-115.8948,36.0927],[-115.895,36.0015],[-115.9178,36.0192],[-115.9518,36.0457],[-115.9925,36.0773],[-116.049,36.1211],[-116.0624,36.1314],[-116.1039,36.1636],[-116.1287,36.1829],[-116.1702,36.2152],[-116.173,36.2174],[-116.2311,36.2626],[-116.2834,36.3028],[-116.2954,36.3122],[-116.3752,36.373],[-116.5107,36.4764],[-116.5247,36.4871],[-116.5589,36.5131],[-116.574,36.5245],[-116.5946,36.54],[-116.6556,36.5867],[-116.6583,36.5888],[-116.6764,36.6024],[-116.706,36.6248],[-116.7895,36.6877],[-116.8424,36.7276],[-116.8453,36.7298],[-116.8806,36.7568],[-116.8912,36.7648],[-116.9237,36.7891],[-116.9641,36.8193],[-116.9783,36.8299],[-116.981,36.8319],[-117.0046,36.8495],[-117.164,36.9688],[-117.1639,36.9698],[-117.1637,37.0182],[-117.164,37.0894],[-117.1642,37.171],[-117.1641,37.1909],[-117.1641,37.1936],[-117.1665,37.6995],[-117.1664,37.714],[-117.1663,37.7285],[-117.1663,37.7435],[-117.1662,37.7585],[-117.1657,38.0019],[-117.2198,38.0482],[-117.2397,38.0483],[-117.239,38.0641],[-117.2408,38.0705],[-117.2653,38.0932],[-117.6896,38.4731],[-118.0197,38.7599],[-118.197,38.9154],[-118.1972,38.9993],[-117.8559,39.0746],[-117.7748,39.092],[-117.7008,39.1058],[-117.6409,39.1149],[-117.5946,39.1231],[-117.4742,39.1431],[-117.3823,39.1562],[-117.3609,39.1585],[-117.3318,39.1629],[-117.3063,39.1634],[-117.2849,39.1633],[-117.1995,39.1632],[-117.0856,39.1628],[-117.0322,39.1626],[-117.0144,39.1626],[-116.9871,39.1625],[-116.9158,39.1631],[-116.7562,39.1622],[-116.7301,39.1625],[-116.5996,39.1616],[-116.5859,39.162],[-116.4815,39.1616],[-116.3497,39.1618],[-116.2358,39.1616],[-116.0548,39.1624],[-115.9082,39.1615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nye\",\"state\":\"NV\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6d9dd4e4b06e28e9cac2b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halford, Keith J. 0000-0002-7322-1846 khalford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":1374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"Keith","email":"khalford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026435,"text":"70026435 - 2004 - Nonlinear response of trout abundance to summer stream temperatures across a thermally diverse montane landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026435","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonlinear response of trout abundance to summer stream temperatures across a thermally diverse montane landscape","docAbstract":"Stream temperature is a fundamental physical factor that affects the distribution and abundance of salmonids, but empirical inconsistencies exist regarding the nature of this relationship in wild populations. We sampled trout populations composed primarily of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki but also including brown trout Salmo trutta and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis at 102 reaches on 24 first- to fourth-order streams across a thermally diverse montane landscape. Curves fit to scatterplots of density and biomass versus mean July-August stream temperatures suggested nonlinear, dome-shaped responses. Peaks occurred near mean stream temperatures of 12??C; x-intercepts were near 3??C and 21??C. We conclude that inconsistencies in previously reported temperature-abundance relationships for wild trout populations may have resulted from sampling only a subset of the thermal environments occupied by a species. Researchers analyzing this relationship should be cognizant of the range of temperatures studied and the expected form of the relationship over that range.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T03-010.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Isaak, D., and Hubert, W., 2004, Nonlinear response of trout abundance to summer stream temperatures across a thermally diverse montane landscape: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 133, no. 5, p. 1254-1259, https://doi.org/10.1577/T03-010.1.","startPage":"1254","endPage":"1259","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208491,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T03-010.1"},{"id":234265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a678fe4b0c8380cd733c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isaak, D.J.","contributorId":77326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaak","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026404,"text":"70026404 - 2004 - Contemporary carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems in the Southeastern Plains of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T10:51:15","indexId":"70026404","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contemporary carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems in the Southeastern Plains of the United States","docAbstract":"

Quantifying carbon dynamics over large areas is frequently hindered by the lack of consistent, high-quality, spatially explicit land use and land cover change databases and appropriate modeling techniques. In this paper, we present a generic approach to address some of these challenges. Land cover change information in the Southeastern Plains ecoregion was derived from Landsat data acquired in 1973, 1980, 1986, 1992, and 2000 within 11 randomly located 20-km × 20-km sample blocks. Carbon dynamics within each of the sample blocks was simulated using the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS), capable of assimilating the variances and covariance of major input variables into simulations using an ensemble approach. Results indicate that urban and forest areas have been increasing, whereas agricultural land has been decreasing since 1973. Forest clear-cutting activity has intensified, more than doubling from 1973 to 2000. The Southeastern Plains has been acting as a carbon sink since 1973, with an average rate of 0.89 Mg C/ha/yr. Biomass, soil organic carbon (SOC), and harvested materials account for 56%, 34%, and 10% of the sink, respectively. However, the sink has declined continuously during the same period owing to forest aging in the northern part of the ecoregion and increased forest clear-cutting activities in the south. The relative contributions to the sink from SOC and harvested materials have increased, implying that these components deserve more study in the future. The methods developed here can be used to quantify the impacts of human management activities on the carbon cycle at landscape to global scales.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-003-9152-z","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Liu, S., Loveland, T., and Kurtz, R., 2004, Contemporary carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems in the Southeastern Plains of the United States: Environmental Management, v. 33, no. S1, p. S442-S456, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9152-z.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"S442","endPage":"S456","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208513,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9152-z"}],"volume":"33","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa4be4b0c8380cd4da1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurtz, R.M.","contributorId":51958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurtz","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026471,"text":"70026471 - 2004 - Tree-ring-based reconstruction of precipitation in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, since 1260 A.D","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026471","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tree-ring-based reconstruction of precipitation in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, since 1260 A.D","docAbstract":"Cores and cross sections from 79 Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and limber pine (Pinus flexilis) trees at four sites in the Bighorn Basin of north-central Wyoming and south-central Montana were used to develop a proxy for annual (June-June) precipitation spanning 1260-1998 A.D. The reconstruction exhibits considerable nonstationarity, and the instrumental era (post-1900) in particular fails to capture the full range of precipitation variability experienced in the past ???750 years. Both single-year and decadal-scale dry events were more severe before 1900. Dry spells in the late thirteenth and sixteenth centuries surpass both magnitude and duration of any droughts in the Bighorn Basin after 1900. Precipitation variability appears to shift to a higher-frequency mode after 1750, with 15-20-yr droughts becoming rare. Comparisons between instrumental and reconstructed values of precipitation and indices of Pacific basin variability reveal that precipitation in the Bighorn Basin generally responds to Pacific forcing in a manner similar to that of the southwestern United States (drier during La Nin??a events), but high country precipitation in areas surrounding the basin displays the opposite response (drier during El Nin??o events). ?? 2004 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3855:TROPIT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Gray, S., Fastie, C., Jackson, S., and Betancourt, J., 2004, Tree-ring-based reconstruction of precipitation in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, since 1260 A.D: Journal of Climate, v. 17, no. 19, p. 3855-3865, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3855:TROPIT>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"3855","endPage":"3865","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478193,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3855:tropit>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208473,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3855:TROPIT>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7a6e4b08c986b3273db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, S.T.","contributorId":19680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fastie, C.L.","contributorId":66034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fastie","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, S.T.","contributorId":90072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035157,"text":"70035157 - 2004 - The Modular Modeling System (MMS): A modeling framework for water- and environmental-resources management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70035157","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The Modular Modeling System (MMS): A modeling framework for water- and environmental-resources management","docAbstract":"The interdisciplinary nature and increasing complexity of water- and environmental-resource problems require the use of modeling approaches that can incorporate knowledge from a broad range of scientific disciplines. The large number of distributed hydrological and ecosystem models currently available are composed of a variety of different conceptualizations of the associated processes they simulate. Assessment of the capabilities of these distributed models requires evaluation of the conceptualizations of the individual processes, and the identification of which conceptualizations are most appropriate for various combinations of criteria, such as problem objectives, data constraints, and spatial and temporal scales of application. With this knowledge, \"optimal\" models for specific sets of criteria can be created and applied. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Modular Modeling System (MMS) is an integrated system of computer software that has been developed to provide these model development and application capabilities. MMS supports the integration of models and tools at a variety of levels of modular design. These include individual process models, tightly coupled models, loosely coupled models, and fully-integrated decision support systems. A variety of visualization and statistical tools are also provided. MMS has been coupled with the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) object-oriented reservoir and river-system modeling framework, RiverWare, under a joint USGS-BOR program called the Watershed and River System Management Program. MMS and RiverWare are linked using a shared relational database. The resulting database-centered decision support system provides tools for evaluating and applying optimal resource-allocation and management strategies to complex, operational decisions on multipurpose reservoir systems and watersheds. Management issues being addressed include efficiency of water-resources management, environmental concerns such as meeting flow needs for endangered species, and optimizing operations within the constraints of multiple objectives such as power generation, irrigation, and water conservation. This decision support system approach is being developed, tested, and implemented in the Gunni-son, Yakima, San Juan, Rio Grande, and Truckee River basins of the western United States. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World's Water and Environmental Resources Challenges - Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001","conferenceTitle":"World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001","conferenceDate":"20 May 2001 through 24 May 2001","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40569(2001)24","isbn":"0784405697; 9780784405697","usgsCitation":"Leavesley, G., Markstrom, S., and Viger, R., 2004, The Modular Modeling System (MMS): A modeling framework for water- and environmental-resources management, in Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World's Water and Environmental Resources Challenges - Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001, v. 111, Orlando, FL, 20 May 2001 through 24 May 2001, https://doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)24.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215542,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)24"},{"id":243353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba7fae4b08c986b321917","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markstrom, S.L.","contributorId":76807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Viger, Roland J. 0000-0003-2520-714X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-714X","contributorId":80711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"Roland J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026476,"text":"70026476 - 2004 - Transfer of the Argentine Precordillera terrane from Laurentia: Constraints from detrital-zircon geochronology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026476","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transfer of the Argentine Precordillera terrane from Laurentia: Constraints from detrital-zircon geochronology","docAbstract":"Ages from U-Pb and 207Pb/206Pb analyses of detrital zircons from synrift sandstone in the Lower Cambrian Cerro Totora Formation of the Argentine Precordillera have strong similarities to those from late synrift sandstones in the Lower Cambrian Rome Formation of southern Laurentia (Alabama). Ages of detrital zircons from the Cerro Totora sample cluster at 1160-970 Ma (60% of analyzed zircons , 1490-1300 Ma (24%), and 1890-1640 Ma (16%). Ages from two Rome samples cluster at 1240-970 Ma (32% of analyzed zircons), 1540-1270 Ma (31%), 1840-1610 Ma (14%), 1970-1890 Ma (5%), and 2930-2310 Ma (18%). The ages of detrital zircons from the Rome and Cerro Totora sandstones are consistent with sediment supply from the Grenville and older Proterozoic Laurentian provinces, and the older cluster in the Rome sandstones corresponds in age to the Laurentian Archean Superior province. Neither the Rome nor Cerro Totora samples include components younger than Grenville, and the lack of zircons from distinctly Gondwanan provinces is consistent with a Laurentian provenance. The detrital-zircon ages support previous interpretations that the Precordillera was rifted from the Ouachita embayment of Laurentia during Early Cambrian time and subsequently was transferred to Gondwana. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G20727.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Thomas, W., Astini, R., Mueller, P., Gehrels, G.E., and Wooden, J.L., 2004, Transfer of the Argentine Precordillera terrane from Laurentia: Constraints from detrital-zircon geochronology: Geology, v. 32, no. 11, p. 965-968, https://doi.org/10.1130/G20727.1.","startPage":"965","endPage":"968","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208529,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G20727.1"},{"id":234337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6cee4b08c986b326eb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, W.A.","contributorId":78104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Astini, R.A.","contributorId":91645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Astini","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, P.A.","contributorId":86117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gehrels, G. E.","contributorId":9660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehrels","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026470,"text":"70026470 - 2004 - Comparison of natural resource issues on tropical pacific ranges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026470","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparison of natural resource issues on tropical pacific ranges","docAbstract":"The natural resources issues on tropical Pacific ranges are compared. If active management plan is in place, FWS may exempt those spp. from critical Habitat Prevention and control or invasive species essential. Wetlands are low-hanging fruit for restoration, but birds present mgmt. challenge. Marine sites may offer less potential for precise mgmt. of natural resources than terrestrial sites such as, lack of knowledge, observational limits, ecosystem complexity, mobile biota. It has been suggested that the tremendus public interest in helping with conservation activities - volunteer opportunities may offset staffing shortfalls.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the First Conference on Sustainable Range Management - 2004","conferenceTitle":"First Conference on Sustainable Range Management - 2004","conferenceDate":"5 January 2004 through 8 January 2004","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","isbn":"1574771442","usgsCitation":"Helweg, D., and Jacobi, J., 2004, Comparison of natural resource issues on tropical pacific ranges, in Proceedings of the First Conference on Sustainable Range Management - 2004, New Orleans, LA, 5 January 2004 through 8 January 2004, p. 2027-2042.","startPage":"2027","endPage":"2042","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f87be4b0c8380cd4d127","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helweg, D.A.","contributorId":107072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helweg","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobi, J.D.","contributorId":13570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026457,"text":"70026457 - 2004 - The influence of hook type, angler experience, and fish size on injury rates and the duration of capture in an Alaskan catch-and-release rainbow trout fishery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026457","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of hook type, angler experience, and fish size on injury rates and the duration of capture in an Alaskan catch-and-release rainbow trout fishery","docAbstract":"Owing to concerns about the high incidence of past hooking injuries in Alagnak River rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, fish were captured with spin- and fly-fishing gear with barbed and barbless circle and \"J\" hooks to determine gear types contributing to injury. Landing and hook removal times were measured for a portion of fish captured, and the anatomical hooking location, hooking scar locations, bleeding intensity, angler experience, and fish size were recorded for all captured fish. Approximately 62% of fish captured experienced at least one new hooking injury, and 29% of fish had at least one past hooking injury. Small fish sustained higher new injury and bleeding rates, but large fish had higher past injury rates. Injury rates were higher for barbed J hooks, barbed J hooks took longer to remove, and fish caught by spin-fishing were injured more frequently than fish caught by fly-fishing. Fewer fly-fishing-caught fish were injured using circle hooks, and circle hooks tended to hook fish in only one location, generally in the jaw. Barbed J hooks were more efficient at landing fish, and J hooks were more efficient at landing fish than circle hooks. Novice anglers injured proportionally more fish than experienced anglers, primarily during hook removal. Landing time was positively correlated with fish size, and experienced anglers took longer to land fish than novices because they captured larger fish. These results suggest that a reduction in hooking injuries may be achieved by using circle hooks as an alternative to J hooks and barbless J hooks to reduce injury and handling time, yet catch efficiency for both methods would be reduced. Although fish captured with barbless J hooks and circle hooks had fewer injuries, it is important to note that each hook type also caused significant injury, and angler education is recommended to promote proper hook removal techniques.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M03-108.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Meka, J.M., 2004, The influence of hook type, angler experience, and fish size on injury rates and the duration of capture in an Alaskan catch-and-release rainbow trout fishery: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 24, no. 4, p. 1309-1321, https://doi.org/10.1577/M03-108.1.","startPage":"1309","endPage":"1321","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208310,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M03-108.1"},{"id":233976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad27e4b08c986b3239fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meka, Julie M.","contributorId":44713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meka","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70026548,"text":"70026548 - 2004 - Chemical constituents in the Peedee and Castle Hayne aquifers: Porters Neck area, New Hanover County, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T10:25:30","indexId":"70026548","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical constituents in the Peedee and Castle Hayne aquifers: Porters Neck area, New Hanover County, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Concerns about overuse and potential contamination of major aquifers in the southeastern part of North Carolina resulted in the initiation of a subsurface water quality study in February 2001. The focus of this study was to examine variations in nutrients (NO3-, TRP, SO42- Cl-, NH4+) and total dissolved Fe in the Cretaceous Peedee and Tertiary Castle Hayne Limestone aquifers of northeastern New Hanover County. Water samples were collected monthly for one year from sixteen wells located in the Porters Neck area (west of the Intracoastal Waterway and south of Futch Creek) and four springs located on the south side of Futch Creek. Variations in selective nutrient concentrations were measured between and within each aquifer. Concentrations of NH4+ and Fe increased in the Peedee sandstone aquifer during the warmer summer and early fall months. In late summer to early fall, Fe, NO 3-, NH4+, and TRP concentrations in the Castle Hayne Limestone aquifer were significantly higher than in the spring and winter months. Chloride and SO 42- concentrations for the Castle Hayne Limestone aquifer both increased during the warmer months, probably as a result of saltwater intrusion. Factors considered for nutrient and Fe variance include: temperature variation, anaerobic conditions, subsurface stratigraphy/structure, recharge locations, site location and surface fertilization. The shallower Castle Hayne Limestone aquifer showed seasonal variability in the study area, whereas the Peedee sandstone aquifer showed little to no seasonal variability. Increases in NO3- and TRP lagged slightly behind periods of high fertilization and were more prevalent down-dip of a major golf course. Nutrient content and seasonal variation of Futch Creek springs indicated that they originate from the Castle Hayne Limestone aquifer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Roberts, T., and Harris, W., 2004, Chemical constituents in the Peedee and Castle Hayne aquifers: Porters Neck area, New Hanover County, North Carolina: Southeastern Geology, v. 43, no. 2, p. 81-102.","startPage":"81","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"New Hanover County","otherGeospatial":"Porters Neck area","volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f56de4b0c8380cd4c20b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, T.L.","contributorId":93254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, W.B.","contributorId":6635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026494,"text":"70026494 - 2004 - VEMAP Phase 2 bioclimatic database. I. Gridded historical (20th century) climate for modeling ecosystem dynamics across the conterminous USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-23T15:54:55.988373","indexId":"70026494","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1249,"text":"Climate Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"VEMAP Phase 2 bioclimatic database. I. Gridded historical (20th century) climate for modeling ecosystem dynamics across the conterminous USA","docAbstract":"

Analysis and simulation of biospheric responses to historical forcing require surface climate data that capture those aspects of climate that control ecological processes, including key spatial gradients and modes of temporal variability. We developed a multivariate, gridded historical climate dataset for the conterminous USA as a common input database for the Vegetation/Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP), a biogeochemical and dynamic vegetation model intercomparison. The dataset covers the period 1895—1993 on a 0.5° latitude/longitude grid. Climate is represented at both monthly and daily timesteps. Variables are: precipitation, mininimum and maximum temperature, total incident solar radiation, daylight-period irradiance, vapor pressure, and daylight-period relative humidity. The dataset was derived from US Historical Climate Network (HCN), cooperative network, and snowpack telemetry (SNOTEL) monthly precipitation and mean minimum and maximum temperature station data. We employed techniques that rely on geostatistical and physical relationships to create the temporally and spatially complete dataset. We developed a local kriging prediction model to infill discontinuous and limited-length station records based on spatial autocorrelation structure of climate anomalies. A spatial interpolation model (PRISM) that accounts for physiographic controls was used to grid the infilled monthly station data. We implemented a stochastic weather generator (modified WGEN) to disaggregate the gridded monthly series to dailies. Radiation and humidity variables were estimated from the dailies using a physically-based empirical surface climate model (MTCLIM3). Derived datasets include a 100 yr model spin-up climate and a historical Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) dataset. The VEMAP dataset exhibits statistically significant trends in temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, vapor pressure, and PDSI for US National Assessment regions. The historical climate and companion datasets are available online at data archive centers. 

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C.","contributorId":63969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"I.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Running, S.","contributorId":88215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Running","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Hibbard, K.A.","contributorId":23402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hibbard","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Post, W.M.","contributorId":27756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"King, A.W.","contributorId":47259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Smith, T.","contributorId":28032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Rizzo, B.","contributorId":19727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzo","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Woodward, F.I.","contributorId":36314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"F.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34}]}} ,{"id":1003771,"text":"1003771 - 2004 - Could blackbird mortality from avicide DRC-1339 contribute to avian botulism outbreaks in North Dakota?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-21T11:05:12","indexId":"1003771","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Could blackbird mortality from avicide DRC-1339 contribute to avian botulism outbreaks in North Dakota?","docAbstract":"

Blackbird (family lcteridae) depredation on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) crops in the prairie states of the United States has motivated the proposed use of an avicide, DRC-1339 (3-chloro-4-methylaniline), to decrease their numbers. The resulting mortality of blackbirds at wetland roosts could increase the potential of avian botulism occurring in affected marshes. To assess this possibility, we seeded (artificially placed) blackbird carcasses in selected wetlands in Stutsman County, North Dakota, during August-September 2000 and July-September 2001 to evaluate their rate of decomposition and role in initiating avian botulism outbreaks. We monitored carcasses to determine their persistence, the frequency and amount of maggots produced, and the presence of type C botulinum toxin. In 10 of our 12 study wetlands, blackbird carcasses were not rapidly removed by scavengers, thus providing substrate for maggot growth and potential production of Clostridium botulinum toxin. Decomposition of carcasses occurred rapidly, and maggot production averaged 4a??5 g per carcass within 9 days. We were unable to detect C. botulinum type C toxin in any of the 377 blackbird carcasses or the 112 samples of maggots we collected in 2000 or 2001. None of the 25 blackbird carcasses we tested contained botulinum spores, the most probable explanation for the absence of botulinum toxin production. Our results indicate that the likelihood of DRC-1339-poisoned blackbirds causing botulism outbreaks would be minimal in North Dakota wetlands during late summer and early autumn.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0870:CBMFAD]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Goldberg, D., Samuel, M., Rocke, T., Johnson, K.M., and Linz, G., 2004, Could blackbird mortality from avicide DRC-1339 contribute to avian botulism outbreaks in North Dakota?: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 32, no. 3, p. 870-880, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0870:CBMFAD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"870","endPage":"880","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"2033\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Stutsman\",\"state\":\"ND\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-99.2669,47.3268],[-98.8466,47.327],[-98.8392,47.327],[-98.8232,47.3272],[-98.8152,47.3271],[-98.4991,47.327],[-98.467,47.3266],[-98.4677,47.2402],[-98.4685,46.9788],[-98.4412,46.9789],[-98.4396,46.6296],[-98.7894,46.6294],[-99.0379,46.6309],[-99.1616,46.6317],[-99.4122,46.6316],[-99.4498,46.6319],[-99.4477,46.8044],[-99.4476,46.9788],[-99.4821,46.9795],[-99.4824,47.0089],[-99.4822,47.0162],[-99.4821,47.0249],[-99.4826,47.0396],[-99.4827,47.1558],[-99.4801,47.3267],[-99.2669,47.3268]]]}}]}","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68379f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldberg, Diana R. 0000-0001-8540-8512","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8540-8512","contributorId":82252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Diana R.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":314230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":88680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, K. M.","contributorId":23513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Linz, G.","contributorId":20296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linz","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1003770,"text":"1003770 - 2004 - Modeling the population dynamics of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culcidae), along an elevational gradient in Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T18:55:51","indexId":"1003770","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2385,"text":"Journal of Medical Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the population dynamics of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culcidae), along an elevational gradient in Hawaii","docAbstract":"

We present a population model to understand the effects of temperature and rainfall on the population dynamics of the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, along an elevational gradient in Hawaii. We use a novel approach to model the effects of temperature on population growth by dynamically incorporating developmental rate into the transition matrix, by using physiological ages of immatures instead of chronological age or stages. We also model the effects of rainfall on survival of immatures as the cumulative number of days below a certain rain threshold. Finally, we incorporate density dependence into the model as competition between immatures within breeding sites. Our model predicts the upper altitudinal distributions of Cx. quinquefasciatus on the Big Island of Hawaii for self-sustaining mosquito and migrating summer sink populations at 1,475 and 1,715 m above sea level, respectively. Our model predicts that mosquitoes at lower elevations can grow under a broader range of rainfall parameters than middle and high elevation populations. Density dependence in conjunction with the seasonal forcing imposed by temperature and rain creates cycles in the dynamics of the population that peak in the summer and early fall. The model provides a reasonable fit to the available data on mosquito abundance for the east side of Mauna Loa, Hawaii. The predictions of our model indicate the importance of abiotic conditions on mosquito dynamics and have important implications for the management of diseases transmitted by Cx. quinquefasciatus in Hawaii and elsewhere.

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Some populations of the two-striped garter snake (Thamnophis hammondii) have lived in sympatry with these species since their introduction; other populations have never encountered them. To assess the possible adaptation to a novel prey, we tested the predatory responses of T. hammondii from different populations to different chemosensory cues from native and introduced prey species. We presented chemical extracts from potential prey types and 2 control odors to individual snakes on cotton swabs and recorded the number of tongue flicks and attacks directed at each swab. Subject response was higher for prey odors than control substances. Odors from introduced centrarchid fish (Lepomis) elicited higher response levels than other prey types, including native anuran larvae (Pseudacris regilla). The pattern of response was similar for both populations of snakes (experienced and nai??ve, with respect to the introduced prey). We suggest that the generalist aquatic lifestyle of T. hammondii has allowed it to take advantage of increasing populations of introduced prey. Decisions on the management strategies for some of these introduced prey species should include consideration of how T. hammondii populations might respond in areas of sympatry.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909(2004)049<0449:SCTPRT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Mullin, S., Imbert, H., Fish, J., Ervin, E., and Fisher, R., 2004, Snake (Colubridae: Thamnophis) predatory responses to chemical cues from native and introduced prey species: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 49, no. 4, p. 449-456, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2004)049<0449:SCTPRT>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"449","endPage":"456","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208530,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2004)049<0449:SCTPRT>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91ace4b08c986b319a15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullin, S.J.","contributorId":100506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullin","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Imbert, H.","contributorId":20949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbert","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fish, J.M.","contributorId":43146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fish","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ervin, E.L.","contributorId":99917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ervin","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026387,"text":"70026387 - 2004 - Toward fisheries sustainability in North America: Issues, challenges, and strategies for action","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026387","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward fisheries sustainability in North America: Issues, challenges, and strategies for action","docAbstract":"Many fisheries in North America are severely depleted and trending downwards. In an effort to find ways of reversing this disturbing situation, the American Fisheries Society and the Sustainable Fisheries Foundation invited leading experts in fisheries science and aquatic resource management to share their thoughts and insights in this book. These experts were asked to identify the factors that are currently impairing our ability to effectively manage fisheries resources and propose creative solutions for addressing the most challenging issues affecting fisheries sustainability. Based on the information that was provided by the experts (i.e., as presented in the earlier chapters of this book), it is apparent that a wide range of human activities are adversely affecting our shared fisheries resources and the aquatic habitats upon which they depend. The most challenging problems stem from causes that are largely beyond the scope of traditional fisheries management (e.g., human population growth, resource consumption patterns, global climate change, broad land-use patterns). It is also apparent that resolution of these challenges will require a new approach to fisheries management - one that effectively integrates economic, social, and environmental interests into a decision-making framework that supports fisheries sustainability. The key strategies for supporting such a transition toward a more holistic and comprehensive approach to managing the human activities that influence fisheries and aquatic resources are summarized in this chapter. ?? 2004 by the American Fisheries Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, D., and Knudsen, E., 2004, Toward fisheries sustainability in North America: Issues, challenges, and strategies for action: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 2004, no. 43, p. 271-281.","startPage":"271","endPage":"281","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2004","issue":"43","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5b7e4b08c986b326852","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, D.D.","contributorId":41986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knudsen, E.E.","contributorId":26116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudsen","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003769,"text":"1003769 - 2004 - Proposed list of extinct, rare, and/or endangered microlichens in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-04T13:27:37","indexId":"1003769","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2800,"text":"Mycotaxon","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proposed list of extinct, rare, and/or endangered microlichens in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"

We propose that 41 species of macrolichens be listed for rare status in Wisconsin, along with 6 other species we think are now extinct in the state. Almost 60% of the species occur in the northern part of the state. Some of the extinct species occurred in the southern part. The rare and extinct species exist(ed) in 43% of the counties. None of the rare and extinct species are endemic to Wisconsin, and they represent 7% of the total lichen flora of the state. One species was last collected in 1884, but others were collected only recently. Forty-seven percent of the listed species are ranked critically imperiled (S1).

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P.","contributorId":52103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wetmore, C. M.","contributorId":65036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wetmore","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026385,"text":"70026385 - 2004 - Evaluation of land performance in Senegal using multi-temporal NDVI and rainfall series","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T16:39:19","indexId":"70026385","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of land performance in Senegal using multi-temporal NDVI and rainfall series","docAbstract":"

Time series of rainfall data and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were used to evaluate land cover performance in Senegal, Africa, for the period 1982–1997, including analysis of woodland/forest, agriculture, savanna, and steppe land cover types. A strong relationship exists between annual rainfall and season-integrated NDVI for all of Senegal (r=0.74 to 0.90). For agriculture, savanna, and steppe areas, high positive correlations portray ‘normal’ land cover performance in relation to the rainfall/NDVI association. Regions of low correlation might indicate areas impacted by human influence. However, in the woodland/forest area, a negative or low correlation (with high NDVI) may reflect ‘normal’ land cover performance, due in part to the saturation effect of the rainfall/NDVI association. The analysis identified three areas of poor performance, where degradation has occurred over many years. Use of the ‘Standard Error of the Estimate’ provided essential information for detecting spatial anomalies associated with land degradation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.019","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Li, J., Lewis, J., Rowland, J., Tappan, G., and Tieszen, L., 2004, Evaluation of land performance in Senegal using multi-temporal NDVI and rainfall series: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 59, no. 3, p. 463-480, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.019.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"480","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208335,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.019"}],"volume":"59","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c8ee4b0c8380cd52bc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Ji","contributorId":22916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Ji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, J.","contributorId":79672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":3108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tappan, G. 0000-0002-2240-6963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-6963","contributorId":26859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappan","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tieszen, L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026575,"text":"70026575 - 2004 - Changes in plant functional groups, litter quality, and soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization with sheep grazing in an Inner Mongolian Grassland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-24T16:07:24.569485","indexId":"70026575","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2441,"text":"Journal of Range Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in plant functional groups, litter quality, and soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization with sheep grazing in an Inner Mongolian Grassland","docAbstract":"

This study reports on changes in plant functional group composition, litter quality, and soil C and N mineralization dynamics from a 9-year sheep grazing study in Inner Mongolia. Addressed are these questions: 1) How does increasing grazing intensity affect plant community composition? 2) How does increasing grazing intensity alter soil C and N mineralization dynamics? 3) Do changes in soil C and N mineralization dynamics relate to changes in plant community composition via inputs of the quality or quantity of litter? Grazing plots were set up near the Inner Mongolia Grassland Ecosystem Research Station (IMGERS) with 5 grazing intensities: 1.3, 2.7, 4.0, 5.3, and 6.7 sheep ha−1·yr−1. Plant cover was lower with increasing grazing intensity, which was primarily due to a dramatic decline in grasses, Carex duriuscula, and Artemisia frigida. Changes in litter mass and percentage organic C resulted in lower total C in the litter layer at 4.0 and 5.3 sheep ha−1·yr−1 compared with 2.7 sheep ha−1·yr−1. Total litter N was lower at 5.3 sheep ha−1·yr−1 compared with 2.7 sheep ha−1·yr−1. Litter C:N ratios, an index of litter quality, were significantly lower at 4.0 sheep ha−1·yr−1 relative to 1.3 and 5.3 sheep ha−1·yr−1. Cumulative C mineralized after 16 days decreased with increasing grazing intensity. In contrast, net N mineralization (NH 4 NO−3) after a 12-day incubation increased with increasing grazing intensity. Changes in C and N mineralization resulted in a narrowing of CO2-C:net Nmin ratios with increasing grazing intensity. Grazing explained 31% of the variability in the ratio of CO2-C:net Nmin. The ratio of CO2-C:net Nmin was positively correlated with litter mass. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between litter mass and A. frigida cover. Results suggest that as grazing intensity increases, microbes become more C limited resulting in decreased microbial growth and demand for N.

","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0613:CIPFGL]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Barger, N., Ojima, D., Belnap, J., Shiping, W., Yanfen, W., and Chen, Z., 2004, Changes in plant functional groups, litter quality, and soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization with sheep grazing in an Inner Mongolian Grassland: Journal of Range Management, v. 57, no. 6, p. 613-619, https://doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0613:CIPFGL]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"619","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mongolia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 87.71484375,\n 49.83798245308484\n ],\n [\n 86.8359375,\n 48.22467264956519\n ],\n [\n 89.6484375,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n 90.3515625,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n 93.8671875,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n 97.3828125,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n 107.75390625,\n 41.244772343082076\n ],\n [\n 114.43359375,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n 120.58593749999999,\n 46.92025531537451\n ],\n [\n 117.59765625,\n 48.574789910928864\n ],\n [\n 116.3671875,\n 50.28933925329178\n ],\n [\n 112.32421875,\n 49.61070993807422\n ],\n [\n 108.28125,\n 50.17689812200107\n ],\n [\n 104.23828125,\n 50.401515322782366\n ],\n [\n 100.37109375,\n 52.5897007687178\n ],\n [\n 97.03125,\n 50.51342652633956\n ],\n [\n 90.3515625,\n 50.401515322782366\n ],\n [\n 87.71484375,\n 49.83798245308484\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f420e4b0c8380cd4bb62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barger, N.N.","contributorId":81670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barger","given":"N.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ojima, D.S.","contributorId":49549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ojima","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shiping, W.","contributorId":42396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiping","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yanfen, W.","contributorId":41628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanfen","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chen, Z.","contributorId":26117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70026455,"text":"70026455 - 2004 - Quantifying probabilities of volcanic events: The example of volcanic hazard at Mount Vesuvius","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-23T10:07:51","indexId":"70026455","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying probabilities of volcanic events: The example of volcanic hazard at Mount Vesuvius","docAbstract":"We describe an event tree scheme to quantitatively estimate both long- and short-term volcanic hazard. The procedure is based on a Bayesian approach that produces a probability estimation of any possible event in which we are interested and can make use of all available information including theoretical models, historical and geological data, and monitoring observations. The main steps in the procedure are (1) to estimate an a priori probability distribution based upon theoretical knowledge, (2) to modify that using past data, and (3) to modify it further using current monitoring data. The scheme allows epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties to be dealt with in a formal way, through estimation of probability distributions at each node of the event tree. We then describe an application of the method to the case of Mount Vesuvius. Although the primary intent of the example is to illustrate the methodology, one result of this application merits special mention. The present emergency response plan for Mount Vesuvius is referenced to a maximum expected event (MEE), the largest out of all the possible eruptions within the next few decades. Our calculation suggest that there is a nonnegligible (1-20%) chance that the next eruption could be larger than that stipulated in the present MEE. The methodology allows all assumptions and thresholds to be clearly identified and provides a rational means for their revision if new data or information are obtained. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003155","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Marzocchi, W., Sandri, L., Gasparini, P., Newhall, C., and Boschi, E., 2004, Quantifying probabilities of volcanic events: The example of volcanic hazard at Mount Vesuvius: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 11, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003155.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208289,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003155"},{"id":233941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Mount Vesuvius","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 14.346771240234375,\n 40.772221877329024\n ],\n [\n 14.534912109374998,\n 40.772221877329024\n ],\n [\n 14.534912109374998,\n 40.870949302299984\n ],\n [\n 14.346771240234375,\n 40.870949302299984\n ],\n [\n 14.346771240234375,\n 40.772221877329024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91d8e4b0c8380cd804cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marzocchi, W.","contributorId":29156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marzocchi","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandri, L.","contributorId":95658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandri","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gasparini, P.","contributorId":35881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasparini","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newhall, C.","contributorId":16557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boschi, Enzo","contributorId":15375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boschi","given":"Enzo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026403,"text":"70026403 - 2004 - Comparison of AMSR-E and SSM/I snow parameter retrievals over the Ob river basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026403","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparison of AMSR-E and SSM/I snow parameter retrievals over the Ob river basin","docAbstract":"Passive microwave observations from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - EOS (AMSR-E) and from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) are used to analyse the evolution of the snow pack in the Ob river basin during the snow season of 2002-03. The Ob river is the biggest Russian river with respect to its watershed area (2 975 000 km2). The Ob originates in the Altai mountains and flows northward across the vast West Siberian lowland towards the Arctic Ocean. The majority of snow cover is contained in the lowlands rather than in mountainous regions and persists for six months or more. During the snow season, surface air temperatures are very cold. Therefore, the combination of cold dry snow and large areas of uniform topography is ideal for snowpack extent and water equivalent retrievals from passive microwave observations. The thermal gradient through the snow pack is estimated and used to model the growth of the snow grain size and to compute the evolution of the passive microwave derived snow depth over the region. A comparison between the AMSR-E and SSM/I estimates is performed and the differences between the snow parameters from the two satellite instruments are analysed.","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings: Science for Society: Exploring and Managing a Changing Planet. IGARSS 2004","conferenceDate":"20 September 2004 through 24 September 2004","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Mognard, N.M., Grippa, M., LeToan, T., Kelly, R., Chang, A., and Josberger, E., 2004, Comparison of AMSR-E and SSM/I snow parameter retrievals over the Ob river basin, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), v. 6, Anchorage, AK, 20 September 2004 through 24 September 2004.","startPage":"3713","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f83ee4b0c8380cd4cf83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mognard, N. M.","contributorId":27612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mognard","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grippa, M.","contributorId":82098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grippa","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeToan, T.","contributorId":103448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeToan","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, R.E.J.","contributorId":76521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"R.E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chang, A.T.C.","contributorId":68035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"A.T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70026492,"text":"70026492 - 2004 - Siberia snow depth climatology derived from SSM/I data using a combined dynamic and static algorithm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026492","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Siberia snow depth climatology derived from SSM/I data using a combined dynamic and static algorithm","docAbstract":"One of the major challenges in determining snow depth (SD) from passive microwave measurements is to take into account the spatiotemporal variations of the snow grain size. Static algorithms based on a constant snow grain size cannot provide accurate estimates of snow pack thickness, particularly over large regions where the snow pack is subjected to big spatial temperature variations. A recent dynamic algorithm that accounts for the dependence of the microwave scattering on the snow grain size has been developed to estimate snow depth from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) over the Northern Great Plains (NGP) in the US. In this paper, we develop a combined dynamic and static algorithm to estimate snow depth from 13 years of SSM/I observations over Central Siberia. This region is characterised by extremely cold surface air temperatures and by the presence of permafrost that significantly affects the ground temperature. The dynamic algorithm is implemented to take into account these effects and it yields accurate snow depths early in the winter, when thin snowpacks combine with cold air temperatures to generate rapid crystal growth. However, it is not applicable later in the winter when the grain size growth slows. Combining the dynamic algorithm to a static algorithm, with a temporally constant but spatially varying coefficient, we obtain reasonable snow depth estimates throughout the entire snow season. Validation is carried out by comparing the satellite snow depth monthly averages to monthly climatological data. We show that the location of the snow depth maxima and minima is improved when applying the combined algorithm, since its dynamic portion explicitly incorporate the thermal gradient through the snowpack. The results obtained are presented and evaluated for five different vegetation zones of Central Siberia. Comparison with in situ measurements is also shown and discussed. ?? 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2004.06.012","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Grippa, M., Mognard, N., Le, T.T., and Josberger, E., 2004, Siberia snow depth climatology derived from SSM/I data using a combined dynamic and static algorithm: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 93, no. 1-2, p. 30-41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.06.012.","startPage":"30","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208291,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.06.012"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8eece4b08c986b318c18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grippa, M.","contributorId":82098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grippa","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mognard, N.","contributorId":90508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mognard","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Le, Toan T.","contributorId":46271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le","given":"Toan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}