Uranium(VI) adsorption onto aquifer sediments was studied in batch experiments as a function of pH and U(VI) and dissolved carbonate concentrations in artificial groundwater solutions. The sediments were collected from an alluvial aquifer at a location upgradient of contamination from a former uranium mill operation at Naturita, Colorado (USA). The ranges of aqueous chemical conditions used in the U(VI) adsorption experiments (pH 6.9 to 7.9; U(VI) concentration 2.5 · 10−8 to 1 · 10−5 M; partial pressure of carbon dioxide gas 0.05 to 6.8%) were based on the spatial variation in chemical conditions observed in 1999–2000 in the Naturita alluvial aquifer. The major minerals in the sediments were quartz, feldspars, and calcite, with minor amounts of magnetite and clay minerals. Quartz grains commonly exhibited coatings that were greater than 10 nm in thickness and composed of an illite-smectite clay with occluded ferrihydrite and goethite nanoparticles. Chemical extractions of quartz grains removed from the sediments were used to estimate the masses of iron and aluminum present in the coatings. Various surface complexation modeling approaches were compared in terms of the ability to describe the U(VI) experimental data and the data requirements for model application to the sediments. Published models for U(VI) adsorption on reference minerals were applied to predict U(VI) adsorption based on assumptions about the sediment surface composition and physical properties (e.g., surface area and electrical double layer). Predictions from these models were highly variable, with results overpredicting or underpredicting the experimental data, depending on the assumptions used to apply the model. Although the models for reference minerals are supported by detailed experimental studies (and in ideal cases, surface spectroscopy), the results suggest that errors are caused in applying the models directly to the sediments by uncertain knowledge of: 1) the proportion and types of surface functional groups available for adsorption in the surface coatings; 2) the electric field at the mineral-water interface; and 3) surface reactions of major ions in the aqueous phase, such as Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, SO42−, H4SiO4, and organic acids. In contrast, a semi-empirical surface complexation modeling approach can be used to describe the U(VI) experimental data more precisely as a function of aqueous chemical conditions. This approach is useful as a tool to describe the variation in U(VI) retardation as a function of chemical conditions in field-scale reactive transport simulations, and the approach can be used at other field sites. However, the semi-empirical approach is limited by the site-specific nature of the model parameters.
This study is devoted to a systematic analysis of the state of stress of the central European Alps and northern Alpine foreland in Switzerland based on focal mechanisms of 138 earthquakes with magnitudes between 1 and 5. The most robust feature of the results is that the azimuth of the minimum compressive stress, S3, is generally well constrained for all data subsets and always lies in the NE quadrant. However, within this quadrant, the orientation of S3 changes systematically both along the structural strike of the Alpine chain and across it. The variation in stress along the mountain belt from NE to SW involves a progressive, counterclockwise rotation of S3 and is most clear in the foreland, where it amounts to 45°–50°. This pattern of rotation is compatible with the disturbance to the stress field expected from the indentation of the Adriatic Block into the central European Plate, possibly together with buoyancy forces arising from the strongly arcuate structure of the Moho to the immediate west of our study area. Across the Alps, the variation in azimuth of S3 is defined by a progressive, counterclockwise rotation of about 45° from the foreland in the north across the Helvetic domain to the Penninic nappes in the south and is accompanied by a change from a slight predominance of strike-slip mechanisms in the foreland to a strong predominance of normal faulting in the high parts of the Alps. The observed rotation can be explained by the perturbation of the large-scale regional stress by a local uniaxial deviatoric tension with a magnitude similar to that of the regional differential stress and with an orientation perpendicular to the strike of the Alpine belt. The tensile nature and orientation of this stress is consistent with the “spreading” stress expected from lateral density changes due to a crustal root beneath the Alps.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002550","usgsCitation":"Kastrup, U., Zoback, M., Deichmann, N., Evans, K.F., Giardini, D., and Michael, A., 2004, Stress field variations in the Swiss Alps and the northern Alpine foreland derived from inversion of fault plane solutions: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 1, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002550.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489818,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jb002550","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Switzerland","otherGeospatial":"European Alps","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 5.954589843750009,\n 46.14939437647684\n ],\n [\n 7.558593750000009,\n 45.67548217560647\n ],\n [\n 7.91015625000001,\n 45.95114968669138\n ],\n [\n 8.81103515625,\n 45.93587062119052\n ],\n [\n 9.6240234375,\n 46.118941506107056\n ],\n [\n 10.59082031250001,\n 46.437856895024204\n ],\n [\n 10.722656250000009,\n 46.93526088057716\n ],\n [\n 10.085449218750009,\n 47.368594345213374\n ],\n [\n 8.679199218750009,\n 47.82790816919329\n ],\n [\n 6.569824218750009,\n 47.23448963529916\n ],\n [\n 5.954589843750009,\n 46.14939437647684\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-01-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b59e4b08c986b31ce04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kastrup, U.","contributorId":49966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kastrup","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zoback, M.L.","contributorId":12982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deichmann, N.","contributorId":92028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deichmann","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, Kenneth F.","contributorId":53755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Giardini, D.","contributorId":41174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giardini","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027031,"text":"70027031 - 2004 - Estimation of contraction scour in riverbed using SERF","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027031","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2504,"text":"Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of contraction scour in riverbed using SERF","docAbstract":"Contraction scour in a firm-clay estuarine riverbed is estimated at an oil-unloading terminal at the Port of Haldia in India, where a scour hole attained a maximum depth greater than 5 m relative to the original bottom. A linear equation for the erosion flux as a function of the excess bed shear stress was semicalibrated in a rotating-cylinder device called SERF (Simulator of Erosion Rate Function) and coupled to a hydrodynamic code to simulate the hole as a clear-water scour process. SERF, whose essential design is based on previous such devices, additionally included a load cell for in situ and rapid measurement of the eroded sediment mass. Based on SERF's performance and the degree of comparison between measured and simulated hole geometry, it appears that this device holds promise as a simple tool for prediction of scour in firm-clay beds. ?? ASCE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2004)130:4(215)","issn":"0733950X","usgsCitation":"Jiang, J., Ganju, N., and Mehta, A., 2004, Estimation of contraction scour in riverbed using SERF: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, v. 130, no. 4, p. 215-218, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2004)130:4(215).","startPage":"215","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209046,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2004)130:4(215)"},{"id":235222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b80e4b0c8380cd5274e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, J.","contributorId":35439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ganju, N. K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":64782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"N. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mehta, A.J.","contributorId":59602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehta","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027170,"text":"70027170 - 2004 - The bioavailability of chemicals in soil for earthworms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70027170","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The bioavailability of chemicals in soil for earthworms","docAbstract":"The bioavailability of chemicals to earthworms can be modified dramatically by soil physical/chemical characteristics, yet expressing exposure as total chemical concentrations does not address this problem. In order to understand the effects of modifying factors on bioavailability, one must measure and express chemical bioavailability to earthworms in a consistent, logical manner. This can be accomplished by direct biological measures of bioavailability (e.g., bioaccumulation, critical body residues), indirect biological measures of bioavailability (e.g., biomarkers, reproduction), or indirect chemical measures of bioavailability (e.g., chemical or solid-phase extracts of soil). If indirect chemical measures of bioavailability are to be used, they must be correlated with some biological response. Bioavailability can be incorporated into ecological risk assessment during risk analysis, primarily in the estimation of exposure. However, in order to be used in the site-specific ecological risk assessment of chemicals, effects concentrations must be developed from laboratory toxicity tests based on exposure estimates utilizing techniques that measure the bioavailable fraction of chemicals in soil, not total chemical concentrations. ?? 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.08.014","issn":"01476513","usgsCitation":"Lanno, R., Wells, J., Conder, J.M., Bradham, K., and Basta, N., 2004, The bioavailability of chemicals in soil for earthworms, in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 57, no. 1, p. 39-47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.08.014.","startPage":"39","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209052,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.08.014"},{"id":235231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9e7e4b08c986b3225c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanno, R.","contributorId":103846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanno","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wells, J.","contributorId":29761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conder, Jason M.","contributorId":81294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conder","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradham, K.","contributorId":107904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradham","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Basta, N.","contributorId":55623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basta","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027032,"text":"70027032 - 2004 - Mapping recent lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, Alaska, using radar and optical satellite imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-23T09:30:18","indexId":"70027032","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping recent lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, Alaska, using radar and optical satellite imagery","docAbstract":"Field mapping of young lava flows at Aleutian volcanoes is logistically difficult, and the utility of optical images from aircraft or satellites for this purpose is greatly reduced by persistent cloud cover. These factors have hampered earlier estimates of the areas and volumes of three young lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, including its most recent (1991–1992) flow. We combined information from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images with multispectral Landsat-7 data to differentiate the 1991–1992 flow from the 1964 flow and a pre-1964 flow, and to calculate the flow areas (8.4, 9.2, and 7.3 km2, respectively). By differencing a digital elevation model (DEM) from the 1970–1980s with a DEM from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) in February 2000, we estimated the average thickness of the 1991–1992 flow to be 13 m, which reasonably agrees with field observations (5–10 m). Lava-flow maps produced in this way can be used to facilitate field mapping and flow-hazards assessment, and to study magma-supply dynamics and thus to anticipate future eruptive activity. Based on the recurrence interval of recent eruptions and the results of this study, the next eruption at Westdahl may occur before the end of this decade.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2004.03.015","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Rykhus, R., Masterlark, T., and Dean, K., 2004, Mapping recent lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, Alaska, using radar and optical satellite imagery: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 91, no. 3-4, p. 345-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.03.015.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209047,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.03.015"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Westdahl Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164.79629516601562,\n 54.44449176335762\n ],\n [\n -164.43237304687497,\n 54.44449176335762\n ],\n [\n -164.43237304687497,\n 54.59593668117202\n ],\n [\n -164.79629516601562,\n 54.59593668117202\n ],\n [\n -164.79629516601562,\n 54.44449176335762\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5072e4b0c8380cd6b6c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rykhus, Russ","contributorId":53575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rykhus","given":"Russ","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masterlark, Timothy","contributorId":92829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masterlark","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35607,"text":"South Dakota School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":412074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dean, K.G.","contributorId":64402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027072,"text":"70027072 - 2004 - Ultra-high chlorine in submarine Kı̄lauea glasses: Evidence for direct assimilation of brine by magma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-15T10:57:05","indexId":"70027072","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ultra-high chlorine in submarine Kı̄lauea glasses: Evidence for direct assimilation of brine by magma","docAbstract":"Basaltic glass grains from the submarine south flank of Kı̄lauea, Hawai′i, have Cl concentrations of 0.01–1.68 wt%, the latter being the highest Cl content yet recorded for a Hawaiian glass. The high-Cl glass grains are products of brine assimilation by tholeiite magma. The glasses are grains in a sandstone clast from bedded breccias draping the southwestern margin of Kı̄lauea’s submarine midslope bench. The clast contains two distinct suites of glass grains: abundant degassed tholeiites, perhaps derived from subaerial lavas of Mauna Loa that shattered upon ocean entry, and a smaller population of Kea-type tholeiite (n=17 analyzed) that erupted subaqueously, based on elevated S (780–1050 ppm), H2O (0.42–1.27 wt%), and CO2 (<30–120 ppm), probably early in Kı̄lauea’s shield-building stage. Ten grains in this group have Cl>1000 ppm, six >5000 ppm, and two grains have >10 000 ppm dissolved Cl. Abundances of H2O, Na2O, K2O, and several trace elements increase regularly with Cl concentration, and we estimate that Cl enrichment was due to up to 13 wt% addition of a brine consisting of 78% H2O (wt), 13% Cl, 4.4% Na, 2.6% K, 2.6% Ca, 620 ppm Ba, 360 ppm Sr, 65 ppm Rb, and 7 ppm Pb. The large amounts of brine addition argue against bulk assimilation of low-porosity brine-bearing rock. The brine’s composition is appropriate for a seawater-derived hydrothermal fluid that reacted with basaltic wall rocks at T>100°C, losing Mg and S and gaining K, Ca, Rb, Ba, Sr, and Pb, followed by phase separation near 500°C and ∼50 MPa (5 km below sea level at hydrostatic pressure). Brine was assimilated at or near the depth it formed, as estimated on petrologic grounds, but under lithostatic conditions. The highest extents of assimilation either forced volatile saturation of the magma or enriched already coexisting magmatic vapor in H2O. Possible mechanisms for assimilation are: (1) forcible injection of brine into magma during bursting of overpressured pockets heated by new dikes, or (2) intrusion of magma into lenses or sills occupied by trapped brine.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00631-9","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., Sisson, T.W., and Kimura, J., 2004, Ultra-high chlorine in submarine Kı̄lauea glasses: Evidence for direct assimilation of brine by magma: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 217, no. 3-4, p. 297-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00631-9.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kı̄lauea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.29131889343262,\n 19.378603724290507\n ],\n [\n -155.2375030517578,\n 19.378603724290507\n ],\n [\n -155.2375030517578,\n 19.416816177675052\n ],\n [\n -155.29131889343262,\n 19.416816177675052\n ],\n [\n -155.29131889343262,\n 19.378603724290507\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"217","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbbfde4b08c986b328963","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimura, Jun-Ichi","contributorId":77719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimura","given":"Jun-Ichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027071,"text":"70027071 - 2004 - Gas evolution in eruptive conduits: Combining insights from high temperature and pressure decompression experiments with steady-state flow modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-23T09:55:21","indexId":"70027071","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas evolution in eruptive conduits: Combining insights from high temperature and pressure decompression experiments with steady-state flow modeling","docAbstract":"In this paper we examine the consequences of bubble nucleation mechanism on eruptive degassing of rhyolite magma. We use the results of published high temperature and pressure decompression experiments as input to a modified version of CONFLOW, the numerical model of Mastin and Ghiorso [(2000) U.S.G.S. Open-File Rep. 00-209, 53 pp.] and Mastin [(2002) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 3, 10.1029/2001GC000192] for steady, two-phase flow in vertical conduits. Synthesis of the available experimental data shows that heterogeneous nucleation is triggered at ΔP<5–20 MPa in water-saturated rhyolite and leads to equilibrium degassing through a discrete nucleation event. Typically 105–107 bubbles/cm3 are produced which evolve Gaussian bubble size distributions. Homogeneous nucleation requires ΔP>120–150 MPa, and leads to disequilibrium degassing at extreme H2O supersaturation. In this latter case, nucleation is an ongoing process controlled by changing supersaturation conditions. Exponential bubble size distributions are often produced with number densities of 106–109 bubbles/cm3. Our numerical analysis adopts an end-member approach that specifically compares equilibrium degassing with delayed, disequilibrium degassing characteristic of homogeneously-nucleating systems. The disequilibrium simulations show that delaying nucleation until ΔP=150 MPa restricts degassing to within ∼1500 m of the surface. Fragmentation occurs at similar porosity in both the disequilibrium and equilibrium modes (∼80 vol%), but at the distinct depths of ∼500 m and ∼2300 m, respectively. The vesiculation delay leads to higher pressures at equivalent depths in the conduit, and the mass flux and exit pressure are each higher by a factor of ∼2.0. Residual water contents in the melt reaching the vent are between 0.5 and 1.0 wt%, roughly twice that of the equilibrium model.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00230-0","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Mangan, M., Mastin, L., and Sisson, T., 2004, Gas evolution in eruptive conduits: Combining insights from high temperature and pressure decompression experiments with steady-state flow modeling: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 129, no. 1-3, p. 23-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00230-0.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209070,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00230-0"}],"volume":"129","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14c9e4b0c8380cd54b76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangan, M.","contributorId":20091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastin, L.","contributorId":59797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sisson, T.","contributorId":80846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027165,"text":"70027165 - 2004 - Cormorant predation and the population dynamics of walleye and yellow perch in Oneida Lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-11T15:58:38.188055","indexId":"70027165","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cormorant predation and the population dynamics of walleye and yellow perch in Oneida Lake","docAbstract":"Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) increased dramatically in North America during the 1990s, providing the opportunity to study the effects of an increase of a top predator on an existing predator-prey system. In Oneida Lake, New York, USA, Double-crested Cormorants were first observed nesting in 1984 and had increased to over 360 nesting pairs by 2000. Concomitant with this increase in piscivorous birds was a decrease in the adult walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) populations. Analysis of a 40-yr data series shows higher mortality of subadults (age 1-2 yr perch and age 1-3 yr walleye) for both species in the 1990s compared to the previous three decades. Cormorant diet was investigated from 1995 to 2000 using a combination of cast pellets, regurgitants, and stomach analysis. Walleye and yellow perch were a major portion of the cormorant diet during these years (40-82% by number). The number of subadult walleye and yellow perch consumed by cormorants suggests that the increase in subadult mortality can be explained by predation from cormorants. Mean mortality rates of adult percids attributed to cormorant predation were 1.1% per year for walleye and 7.7% per year for yellow perch. Our analysis suggests that predation by cormorants on subadult percids is a major factor contributing to the decline in both the walleye and the yellow perch populations in Oneida Lake. Other ecosystem changes (zebra mussels, lower nutrient loading, decrease in alternate prey) are not likely explanations because the potential mechanisms involved are not consistent with auxiliary data from the lake and would not affect subadult mortality. The likely impact of bird predation on percid populations in Oneida Lake occurs because cormorants feed on larger fish that are beyond the size range where compensatory mechanisms are important.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/03-5010","usgsCitation":"Rudstam, L.G., VanDeValk, A., Adams, C., Coleman, J., Forney, J., and Richmond, M.E., 2004, Cormorant predation and the population dynamics of walleye and yellow perch in Oneida Lake: Ecological Applications, v. 14, no. 1, p. 149-163, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5010.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"163","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Oneida Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.14898681640625,\n 43.23319741022136\n ],\n [\n -76.12701416015624,\n 43.2151850073567\n ],\n [\n -76.03363037109374,\n 43.167125915000284\n ],\n [\n -75.8770751953125,\n 43.13907396889933\n ],\n [\n -75.7177734375,\n 43.153101551466385\n ],\n [\n -75.71502685546875,\n 43.19916951473751\n ],\n [\n -75.7232666015625,\n 43.24520272203356\n ],\n [\n -75.80841064453125,\n 43.2432020009995\n ],\n [\n -75.92926025390625,\n 43.257205668363206\n ],\n [\n -76.15447998046875,\n 43.257205668363206\n ],\n [\n -76.14898681640625,\n 43.23319741022136\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc1ce4b0c8380cd4e10f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rudstam, L. G.","contributorId":24720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudstam","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"VanDeValk, A.J.","contributorId":51071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanDeValk","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, C.M.","contributorId":36483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coleman, J.T.H.","contributorId":86156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"J.T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Forney, J.L.","contributorId":47133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forney","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Richmond, M. E.","contributorId":22729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027067,"text":"70027067 - 2004 - Founding events influence genetic population structure of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Lake Clark, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T10:25:51","indexId":"70027067","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Founding events influence genetic population structure of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Lake Clark, Alaska","docAbstract":"Bottlenecks can have lasting effects on genetic population structure that obscure patterns of contemporary gene flow and drift. Sockeye salmon are vulnerable to bottleneck effects because they are a highly structured species with excellent colonizing abilities and often occupy geologically young habitats. We describe genetic divergence among and genetic variation within spawning populations of sockeye salmon throughout the Lake Clark area of Alaska. Fin tissue was collected from sockeye salmon representing 15 spawning populations of Lake Clark, Six-mile Lake, and Lake Iliamna. Allele frequencies differed significantly at 11 microsatellite loci in 96 of 105 pairwise population comparisons. Pairwise estimates of FST ranged from zero to 0.089. Six-mile Lake and Lake Clark populations have historically been grouped together for management purposes and are geographically proximate. However, Six-mile Lake populations are genetically similar to Lake Iliamna populations and are divergent from Lake Clark populations. The reduced allelic diversity and strong divergence of Lake Clark populations relative to Six-mile Lake and Lake Iliamna populations suggest a bottleneck associated with the colonization of Lake Clark by sockeye salmon. Geographic distance and spawning habitat differences apparently do not contribute to isolation and divergence among populations. However, temporal isolation based on spawning time and founder effects associated with ongoing glacial retreat and colonization of new spawning habitats contribute to the genetic population structure of Lake Clark sock-eye salmon. Nonequilibrium conditions and the strong influence of genetic drift caution against using estimates of divergence to estimate gene flow among populations of Lake Clark sockeye salmon.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.2062.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Ramstad, K., Woody, C., Sage, G.K., and Allendorf, F., 2004, Founding events influence genetic population structure of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Lake Clark, Alaska: Molecular Ecology, v. 13, no. 2, p. 277-290, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.2062.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"290","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209024,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.2062.x"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1392e4b0c8380cd546ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramstad, K.M.","contributorId":90090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramstad","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woody, C.A.","contributorId":99211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woody","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sage, G. Kevin 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":4348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"G.","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allendorf, F.W.","contributorId":99937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allendorf","given":"F.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027066,"text":"70027066 - 2004 - Intra-strain dioxin sensitivity and morphometric effects in swim-up rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T13:08:39","indexId":"70027066","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1296,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intra-strain dioxin sensitivity and morphometric effects in swim-up rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"Inter and intra-specific differences in sensitivity of early life stage salmonids to 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposure have been reported, but intra-strain differences have not been found in the literature. Our results indicate that intra-strain variability in terms of embryo mortality (LD50) is small in Eagle Lake strain of rainbow trout, LD50 values ranging from 285 to 457 pg TCDD egg g−1. These results confirm Eagle Lake as a less sensitive strain within rainbow trout, and do not indicate overlap with reported LD50 values for brook or lake trout. Our results also demonstrate that although generalized edema in regions including the yolk-sac are frequently associated with mortality following dioxin exposure, not all edematous fish die. We detected dose-dependent decreases in cranial length, eye diameter, mass, and total length (P<0.05) in viable swim-up rainbow trout. These effects are presumed to indicate more subtle dose-dependent disruptions of the viteline vein vasculature and, therefore, in access to energy sources. A tendency for dose-dependent decrease in liver glycogen reserves concurred with previous results on salmonids and with the well described TCDD-induced alterations in intermediate metabolism of rats and chicken embryos (wasting syndrome). This syndrome could be contributing to the reduced growth that we observed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2003.12.005","issn":"15320456","usgsCitation":"Carvalho, P.S., Noltie, D.B., and Tillitt, D.E., 2004, Intra-strain dioxin sensitivity and morphometric effects in swim-up rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, v. 137, no. 2, p. 133-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2003.12.005.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"142","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3dbfe4b0c8380cd637ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carvalho, Paulo S. M.","contributorId":108279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carvalho","given":"Paulo","email":"","middleInitial":"S. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noltie, Douglas B.","contributorId":70333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noltie","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027033,"text":"70027033 - 2004 - Changes in the proportion of precipitation occurring as snow in New England (1949-2000)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70027033","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the proportion of precipitation occurring as snow in New England (1949-2000)","docAbstract":"The ratio of snow to total precipitation (S/P) is a hydrologic indicator that is sensitive to climate variability and can be used to detect and monitor hydrologic responses to climatic change. Changes in S/P ratio over time could influence the magnitude and timing of spring runoff and recession to summer baseflow. The S/P ratio for 21 U.S. Historical Climatology Network sites in New England was examined. Eleven out of twenty-one sites in New England had significant decreasing annual S/P ratios from 1949 to 2000. Annual trends in S/P are predominantly a result of decreasing snowfall, and to a lesser extent, increasing rainfall. The most consistent trends were in northernmost New England where all four sites had decreasing ratios, and in the coastal and near-coastal areas where five out of eight sites had significantly decreasing ratios. The four sites in northernmost New England, which had the strongest and most coherent trends, showed an average decrease in annual S/P ratio from about 0.30 in 1949 to 0.23 in 2000. Trends in winter S/P ratio were less geographically consistent. Seven out of 21 sites had significantly decreasing winter S/P ratios. Most northern New England and coastal to near-coastal sites had statistically significant trends (p < 0.05) or weak, but not significant trends (p < 0.2). When trends in S/P were analyzed on a monthly basis for the northernmost sites, it was evident that decreasing S/P trends were significant for March and December only. Significant correlations were observed between winter S/P ratios in northern New England and the timing of spring runoff, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, and the Pacific-North American (PNA) index. Significant correlations were observed between winter S/P ratios averaged for all of New England and the NAO and PNA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2626:CITPOP>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T., Hodgkins, G., Keim, B., and Dudley, R.W., 2004, Changes in the proportion of precipitation occurring as snow in New England (1949-2000): Journal of Climate, v. 17, no. 13, p. 2626-2636, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2626:CITPOP>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"2626","endPage":"2636","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478138,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2626:citpop>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209048,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2626:CITPOP>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":235224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f434e4b0c8380cd4bbda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, T.G. 0000-0002-9427-3530","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":64675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"T.G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodgkins, G.A.","contributorId":14022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keim, B.D.","contributorId":72988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keim","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dudley, R. W.","contributorId":90780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027064,"text":"70027064 - 2004 - Mineral matter and potentially hazardous trace elements in coals from Qianxi Fault Depression Area in southwestern Guizhou, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70027064","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral matter and potentially hazardous trace elements in coals from Qianxi Fault Depression Area in southwestern Guizhou, China","docAbstract":"Mineralogy, coal chemistry and 21 potentially hazardous trace elements (PHTEs) of 44 coal samples from the Qianxi Fault Depression Area (QFDA) in southwestern Guizhou province, China have been systematically studied. The major minerals in coals studied are quartz, kaolinite, illite, pyrite, calcite, smectite, marcasite and accessory minerals, including rutile, dolomite, siderite, gypsum, chlorite, melanterite, apatite, collophane and florencite. The SiO2 content shows a broad variation (0.8-30.7%). A high SiO2 content in Late Permian coals reflects their enrichment in quartz. The Al2O3 content varies from 0.8% to 13.4%, Fe2O3 from 0.2% to 14.6%, CaO from <0.1% to 11.9% and the contents of other oxides are relatively low. The relationship between the major oxides and the ash content of coals from high to low is in the order of Si>Al>K>Ti>Na>Mg>Ca>Fe>S. A comparison with World coal averages shows that the Late Permian coals in QFDA are highly enriched in As, Hg, F and U, and are slightly enriched in Mo, Se, Th, V and Zn. The Late Triassic coals in QFDA are highly enriched in As and Hg, and are slightly enriched in Mo, Th and U. The concentrations of As, Hg, Mo, Se, Tl and Zn in the QFDA coal are higher than other Guizhou coal and Liupanshui coal nearby. The QFDA is an area strongly affected by the low-temperature hydrothermal activity during its geologic history (Yanshanian Age, about 189 Ma). The coals in QFDA are enriched in volatile PHTEs, including As, Hg, Se, Sb, Mo, among others. The regions where the coals are enriched in As, Hg and F have been mapped. The regions of coals enriched in volatile PHTEs overlap with the regions of noble metal ore deposits. These coals are located in the cores of anticline and anticlinorium, which are connected with the profound faults through the normal faults. Coals are enriched in volatile PHTEs as a result of the low-temperature hydrothermal activity associated with tectonic faulting. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2003.07.001","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Zhang, J., Ren, D., Zhu, Y., Chou, C.L., Zeng, R., and Zheng, B., 2004, Mineral matter and potentially hazardous trace elements in coals from Qianxi Fault Depression Area in southwestern Guizhou, China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 57, no. 1, p. 49-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2003.07.001.","startPage":"49","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209000,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2003.07.001"},{"id":235159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5799e4b0c8380cd6dd98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Jiahua","contributorId":35479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jiahua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ren, D.","contributorId":79212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ren","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, Y.","contributorId":84947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zeng, R.","contributorId":24528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zheng, B.","contributorId":51489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027063,"text":"70027063 - 2004 - Influence of ENSO on flood frequency along the California coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T10:30:11","indexId":"70027063","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of ENSO on flood frequency along the California coast","docAbstract":"The influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon on flooding in California coastal streams is investigated by analyzing the annual peak floods recorded at 38 gauging stations. The state of ENSO prior to and during flooding is characterized by the multivariate ENSO index (MEI), where MEI < −0.5 is defined as the La Niña phase and MEI > 0.5 as the El Niño phase. Flood magnitude in all 20 streams located south of 35°N has a significant positive correlation (r = 0.3 to 0.6), whereas in 3 of the 4 streams located north of 41°N flood magnitude has a significant negative correlation (r = −0.3 to −0.4), with MEI from −2.2 to +3.2. Correlations with MEI are uniformly weak and insignificant, however, when the floods are subdivided into El Niño and non–El Niño phases. A comparison of the geometric mean El Niño flood to the geometric mean non–El Niño flood determined that the means were statistically different at gauging stations south of 35°N and north of 41°N. For 20 streams located south of 35°N, the geometric mean of annual peak floods recorded at a stream gauge during El Niño phases is 2–14 times the geometric mean of annual peak floods recorded during non–El Niño phases. Thus, south of 35°N along the California coast, floods are significantly larger during an El Niño phase than a non–El Niño phase. For the three streams located north of 41°N, the geometric mean of annual peak floods during an El Niño phase was less than 70% of the geometric mean of annual peak floods during a non–El Niño phase. The relative strength of the El Niño phase, however, has, at most, a weak influence on flood magnitude. Flood exceedance probabilities for the El Niño and non–El Niño periods were calculated for all gauging stations using a three-parameter log gamma distribution. For exceedance probabilities from 0.50 to 0.02, the ratio of the El Niño to non–El Niño floods varies from greater than 10 near 32°N to less than 0.7 near 42°N. Latitude explains 76%–90% of the observed variation in the relative magnitude of El Niño versus non–El Niño floods over the range of exceedance probabilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0337:IOEOFF>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Andrews, E., Antweiler, R.C., Neiman, P., and Ralph, F., 2004, Influence of ENSO on flood frequency along the California coast: Journal of Climate, v. 17, no. 2, p. 337-348, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0337:IOEOFF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"348","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478265,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0337:ioeoff>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b01e4b0c8380cd62150","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, E.D.","contributorId":13922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neiman, P.J.","contributorId":14991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neiman","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ralph, F.M.","contributorId":39174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027202,"text":"70027202 - 2004 - Use of stream chemistry for monitoring acidic deposition effects in the Adirondack region of New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70027202","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of stream chemistry for monitoring acidic deposition effects in the Adirondack region of New York","docAbstract":"Acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) and pH were measured weekly from October 1991 through September 2001 in three streams in the western Adirondack Mountain region of New York to identify trends in stream chemistry that might be related to changes in acidic deposition. A decreasing trend in atmospheric deposition of SO42- was observed within the region over the 10-yr period, although most of the decrease occurred between 1991 and 1995. Both ANC and pH were inversely related to flow in all streams; therefore, a trend analysis was conducted on (i) the measured values of ANC and pH and (ii) the residuals of the concentration-discharge relations. In Buck Creek, ANC increased significantly (p < 0.05) over the 10 yr, but the residuals of ANC showed no trend (p > 0.10). In Bald Mountain Brook, ANC and residuals of ANC increased significantly (p < 0.01), although the trend was diatonic-a distinct decrease from 1991 to 1996 was followed by a distinct increase from 1996 to 2001. In Fly Pond outlet, ANC and residuals of ANC increased over the study period (p < 0.01), although the trend of the residuals resulted largely from an abrupt increase in 1997. In general, the trends observed in the three streams are similar to results presented for Adirondack lakes in a previous study, and are consistent with the declining trend in atmospheric deposition for this region, although the observed trends in ANC and pH in streams could not be directly attributed to the trends in acidic deposition.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","language":"English","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G., Momen, B., and Roy, K.M., 2004, Use of stream chemistry for monitoring acidic deposition effects in the Adirondack region of New York, in Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 33, no. 3, p. 1002-1009.","startPage":"1002","endPage":"1009","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf8be4b08c986b329c0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Momen, B.","contributorId":91283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Momen","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roy, K. M.","contributorId":52710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185287,"text":"70185287 - 2004 - Subarctic, alpine nesting by Bairds Sandpipers Calidris bairdii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:33:10","indexId":"70185287","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3704,"text":"Wader Study Group Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subarctic, alpine nesting by Bairds Sandpipers Calidris bairdii","docAbstract":"Baird's Sandpipers Calidris bairdii were found nesting in alpine habitat in southwestern Alaska (60°48'N, 154°00'W), almost 250 km from the nearest known breeding site, and studied over three consecutive seasons, 1997-1999. The first birds arrived during the second week of May each spring with peak numbers recorded the third week of May. Most nests and newly hatched broods were found on sparsely vegetated dwarf shrub-lichen mat tundra on level or gently sloping areas throughout the alpine zone between 980 and 1400 m above sea level. Most eggs hatched during the third week of June and independent young were noted during the second and third weeks of July. Both parents initially tended broods, but only the male remained after chicks were about four days of age. During early brood-rearing, adults began to move chicks, often to higher elevations and over distances of several hundred metres. Throughout the area the density of nesting birds was about 0.2 pairs/km 2 with up to 0.9 pairs/km 2 found on southerly exposures of the north study slope. A summary of available information revealed the global nesting distribution of bairdii to be strongly associated with disturbed landscapes, especially montane areas affected by glaciation, suggesting the breeding range is likely to be much more extensive than currently known, especially in areas of Alaska, the Yukon, and possibly Chukotka.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wader Study Group","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., and Tomkovich, P.S., 2004, Subarctic, alpine nesting by Bairds Sandpipers Calidris bairdii: Wader Study Group Bulletin, v. 104, p. 39-50.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"50","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337828,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337827,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waderstudygroup.org/publications/bulletin/bulletin-vol-volume-106-and-earlier/","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Turquoise Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.2755126953125,\n 60.65703151551042\n ],\n [\n -153.59161376953125,\n 60.65703151551042\n ],\n [\n -153.59161376953125,\n 60.95044319087129\n ],\n [\n -154.2755126953125,\n 60.95044319087129\n ],\n [\n -154.2755126953125,\n 60.65703151551042\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf59de4b0849ce97f0ce2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomkovich, Pavel S.","contributorId":55333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tomkovich","given":"Pavel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6930,"text":"Zoological Museum of Moscow, MV Lomonosov University, Moscow, Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026141,"text":"70026141 - 2004 - Development of a consortium for water security and safety: Planning for an early warning system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026141","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of a consortium for water security and safety: Planning for an early warning system","docAbstract":"The events of September 11, 2001 have raised concerns over the safety and security of the Nation's critical infrastructure including water and waste water systems. In June 2002, the U.S. EPA's Region II Office (New York City), in response to concerns over water security, in collaboration with Rutgers University agreed to establish a Regional Drinking Water Security and Safety Consortium (RDWSSC). Members of the consortium include: Rutgers University's Center for Information Management, Integration and Connectivity (CIMIC), American Water (AW), the Passaic Valley Water Commission (PVWC), the North Jersey District Water Supply Commission (NJDWSC), the N.J. Department of Environmental Protection, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencies, Region II Office. In December of 2002 the consortium members signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to pursue activities to enhance regional water security. Development of an early warning system for source and distributed water was identified as being of primary importance by the consortium. In this context, an early warning system (EWS) is an integrated system of monitoring stations located at strategic points in a water utilities source waters or in its distribution system, designed to warn against contaminants that might threaten the health and welfare of drinking water consumers. This paper will discuss the consortium's progress in achieving these important objectives.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2004 World Water and Environmetal Resources Congress: Critical Transitions in Water and Environmetal Resources Management","conferenceTitle":"2004 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress: Critical Transitions in Water and Environmental Resources Management","conferenceDate":"27 June 2004 through 1 July 2004","conferenceLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","language":"English","isbn":"0784407371","usgsCitation":"Clark, R., Adam, N., Atluri, V., Halem, M., and Vowinkel, E., 2004, Development of a consortium for water security and safety: Planning for an early warning system, in Proceedings of the 2004 World Water and Environmetal Resources Congress: Critical Transitions in Water and Environmetal Resources Management, Salt Lake City, UT, 27 June 2004 through 1 July 2004, p. 2168-2177.","startPage":"2168","endPage":"2177","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0036e4b0c8380cd4f641","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sehlke G.Hayes D.F.Stevens D.K.","contributorId":128420,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Sehlke G.Hayes D.F.Stevens D.K.","id":536578,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Clark, R.M.","contributorId":77338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adam, N.R.","contributorId":52373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adam","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atluri, V.","contributorId":87730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atluri","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halem, M.","contributorId":65264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halem","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vowinkel, E. F.","contributorId":90737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vowinkel","given":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026142,"text":"70026142 - 2004 - Multi-sensor analysis of urban ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:42:09","indexId":"70026142","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Multi-sensor analysis of urban ecosystems","docAbstract":"This study examines the synthesis of multiple space-based sensors to characterize the urban environment Single scene data (e.g., ASTER visible and near-IR surface reflectance, and land surface temperature data), multi-temporal data (e.g., one year of 16-day MODIS and AVHRR vegetation index data), and DMSP-OLS nighttime light data acquired in the early 1990s and 2000 were evaluated for urban ecosystem analysis. The advantages of a multi-sensor approach for the analysis of urban ecosystem processes are discussed.","largerWorkTitle":"A Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA Space 2004 Conference and Exposition","conferenceTitle":"A Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA Space 2004 Conference and Exposition","conferenceDate":"28 September 2004 through 30 September 2004","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","isbn":"1563477203","usgsCitation":"Gallo, K.P., and Ji, L., 2004, Multi-sensor analysis of urban ecosystems, in A Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA Space 2004 Conference and Exposition, v. 1, San Diego, CA, 28 September 2004 through 30 September 2004, p. 424-429.","startPage":"424","endPage":"429","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fc6e4b0c8380cd7111a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallo, Kevin P. kgallo@usgs.gov","contributorId":4200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"Kevin","email":"kgallo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":2832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":408095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026393,"text":"70026393 - 2004 - Effects of sediment characteristics on the toxicity of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) to the amphipod, Hyalella azteca","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026393","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of sediment characteristics on the toxicity of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) to the amphipod, Hyalella azteca","docAbstract":"We evaluated the influence of sediment characteristics, acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and organic matter (OM), on the toxicity of chromium (Cr) in freshwater sediments. We conducted chronic (28-42-d) toxicity tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca exposed to Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in water and in spiked sediments. Waterborne Cr(VI) caused reduced survival of amphipods with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 40 ??g/L. Cr(VI) spiked into test sediments with differing levels of AVS resulted in graded decreases in AVS and sediment OM. Only Cr(VI)-spiked sediments with low AVS concentrations (<1 ??mol/g) caused significant amphipod mortality. Waterborne Cr(III) concentrations near solubility limits caused decreased survival of amphipods at pH 7 and pH 8 but not at pH 6. Sediments spiked with high levels of Cr(III) did not affect amphipod survival but had minor effects on growth and inconsistent effects on reproduction. Pore waters of some Cr(III)-spiked sediments contained measurable concentrations of Cr(VI), but observed toxic effects did not correspond closely to Cr concentrations in sediment or pore waters. Our results indicate that risks of Cr toxicity are low in freshwater sediments containing substantial concentrations of AVS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es049715i","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Besser, J., Brumbaugh, W.G., Kemble, N., May, T., and Ingersoll, C., 2004, Effects of sediment characteristics on the toxicity of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) to the amphipod, Hyalella azteca: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 23, p. 6210-6216, https://doi.org/10.1021/es049715i.","startPage":"6210","endPage":"6216","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208395,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es049715i"},{"id":234123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07c2e4b0c8380cd51803","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Besser, J.M.","contributorId":91569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kemble, N.E.","contributorId":28028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027057,"text":"70027057 - 2004 - Tag Retention and Survivorship of Hatchery Rainbow Trout Marked with Large-Format Visible Implant Alphanumeric Tags","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027057","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2885,"text":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tag Retention and Survivorship of Hatchery Rainbow Trout Marked with Large-Format Visible Implant Alphanumeric Tags","docAbstract":"Large-format visible implant alphanumeric (VIalpha) tags were implanted into 15,400 rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Tag retention after 25 d was 82.6%, and survivorship was 92.8%. The results of this study compare favorably with those of similar studies on other species and suggest that large-format VIalpha tags are an appropriate choice for studies requiring the individual identification of larger rainbow trout.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/C03-018","issn":"15222055","usgsCitation":"Isely, J.J., Trested, D., and Grabowski, T., 2004, Tag Retention and Survivorship of Hatchery Rainbow Trout Marked with Large-Format Visible Implant Alphanumeric Tags: North American Journal of Aquaculture, v. 66, no. 1, p. 73-74, https://doi.org/10.1577/C03-018.","startPage":"73","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209292,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/C03-018"},{"id":235588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3b2e4b08c986b31fe1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trested, D.G.","contributorId":98093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trested","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grabowski, T.B.","contributorId":48362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabowski","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027056,"text":"70027056 - 2004 - Gas-partitioning tracer test to quantify trapped gas during recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T10:33:36","indexId":"70027056","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas-partitioning tracer test to quantify trapped gas during recharge","docAbstract":"Dissolved helium and bromide tracers were used to evaluate trapped gas during an infiltration pond experiment. Dissolved helium preferentially partitioned into trapped gas bubbles, or other pore air, because of its low solubility in water. This produced observed helium retardation factors of as much as 12 relative to bromide. Numerical simulations of helium breakthrough with both equilibrium and kinetically limited advection/dispersion/retardation did not match observed helium concentrations. However, better fits were obtained by including a decay term representing the diffusive loss of helium through interconnected, gas-filled pores. Calculations indicate that 7% to more than 26% of the porosity beneath the pond was filled with gas. Measurements of laboratory hydraulic properties indicate that a 10% decrease in saturation would reduce the hydraulic conductivity by at least one order of magnitude in the well-sorted sandstone, but less in the overlying soils. This is consistent with in situ measurements during the experiment, which show steeper hydraulic gradients in sandstone than in soil. Intrinsic permeability of the soil doubled during the first six months of the experiment, likely caused by a combination of dissolution and thermal contraction of trapped gas. Managers of artificial recharge basins may consider minimizing the amount of trapped gas by using wet, rather than dry, tilling to optimize infiltration rates, particularly in well-sorted porous media in which reintroduced trapped gas may cause substantial reductions in permeability. 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Penetration of the Loop Current into the GOM is related to the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ): northward migration of the ITCZ results in increased incursion of the Loop Current into the GOM; southward migration of the ITCZ results in decreased penetration of the Loop Current into the GOM. Abundance variations of G. sacculifer in a sediment core from the Pigmy Basin in the GOM show distinct century-scale cyclicity over the last 5,000 years. The periodicity of these abundance variations is similar to the century-scale periodicity observed in proxy records of solar variability, which suggests that the average position of the ITCZ and thus Holocene century-scale variability in the Caribbean-GOM region is linked to solar variability. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004GL019940","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Poore, R., Quinn, T.M., and Verardo, S., 2004, Century-scale movement of the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone linked to solar variability: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, no. 12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019940.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478220,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gl019940","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209068,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019940"},{"id":235258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3f5e4b0c8380cd4ba55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poore, R.Z.","contributorId":35314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"R.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quinn, T. 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