{"pageNumber":"2727","pageRowStart":"68150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70026392,"text":"70026392 - 2004 - Grassland vegetation and bird communities in the southern Great Plains of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026392","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":682,"text":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grassland vegetation and bird communities in the southern Great Plains of North America","docAbstract":"Structure and composition of vegetation and abundance of breeding birds in grasslands seeded to Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa ischmaeum) were compared to native mixed prairie in the southern Great Plains of North America. Abundance of birds was determined using fixed-radius point counts. Detrended correspondence analysis was used to compare plant community composition and canonical correspondence analysis was used to examine the relationships between plant species composition and vegetation structure with the bird community. Plant species composition differed distinctly between seeded grassland and native mixed prairie, but the differences were not reflected in habitat structure, bird community composition, or abundance of bird species. Seeded grassland was inferior to native mixed prairie in terms of diversity of plant species, but that difference did not translate into meaningful differences in structure that drove habitat selection by breeding birds. Conservation programs that promote establishment of seeded grassland and do not allow for suitable disturbance regimes will selectively benefit a narrow suite of birds regardless of plant species composition. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.026","issn":"01678809","usgsCitation":"Chapman, R., Engle, D.M., Masters, R., and Leslie, D., 2004, Grassland vegetation and bird communities in the southern Great Plains of North America: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 104, no. 3, p. 577-585, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.026.","startPage":"577","endPage":"585","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208370,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.026"},{"id":234084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a29e9e4b0c8380cd5ad3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, R.N.","contributorId":12238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engle, David M.","contributorId":97225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masters, R.E.","contributorId":49146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masters","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026530,"text":"70026530 - 2004 - Field-based evaluation of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as passive air samplers of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026530","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field-based evaluation of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as passive air samplers of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)","docAbstract":"Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) have been used as passive air samplers of semivolatile organic compounds in a range of studies. However, due to a lack of calibration data for polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), SPMD data have not been used to estimate air concentrations of target PAHs. In this study, SPMDs were deployed for 32 days at two sites in a major metropolitan area in Australia. High-volume active sampling systems (HiVol) were co-deployed at both sites. Using the HiVol air concentration data from one site, SPMD sampling rates were measured for 12 US EPA Priority Pollutant PAHs and then these values were used to determine air concentrations at the second site from SPMD concentrations. Air concentrations were also measured at the second site with co-deployed HiVols to validate the SPMD results. PAHs mostly associated with the vapour phase (Fluorene to Pyrene) dominated both the HiVol and passive air samples. Reproducibility between replicate passive samplers was satisfactory (CV<20%) for the majority of compounds. Sampling rates ranged between 0.6 and 6.1 m3 d-1. SPMD-based air concentrations were calculated at the second site for each compound using these sampling rates and the differences between SPMD-derived air concentrations and those measured using a HiVol were, on average, within a factor of 1.5. The dominant processes for the uptake of PAHs by SPMDs were also assessed. Using the SPMD method described herein, estimates of particulate sorbed airborne PAHs with five rings or greater were within 1.8-fold of HiVol measured values. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.06.036","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Bartkow, M., Huckins, J., and Muller, J., 2004, Field-based evaluation of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as passive air samplers of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): Atmospheric Environment, v. 38, no. 35, p. 5983-5990, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.06.036.","startPage":"5983","endPage":"5990","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208339,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.06.036"},{"id":234019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fede4b0c8380cd53a7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartkow, M.E.","contributorId":47126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartkow","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muller, J.F.","contributorId":43144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026539,"text":"70026539 - 2004 - Haldane's rule and American black duck x mallard hybridization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-29T13:08:44","indexId":"70026539","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Haldane's rule and American black duck x mallard hybridization","docAbstract":"Species ratios and rangewide distributions of American black ducks (Anas rubripes Brewster, 1902) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos L., 1758) have undergone recent changes. Mechanisms behind these changes are not known with certainty, but recent investigations have focused on the possibility of competitive exclusion and the consequences of hybridization. Consequences of hybridization have been difficult to assess because of the difficulty in identifying hybrids beyond the F1 generation and lack of means to quantify introgression in wild populations. We documented a postmating isolating mechanism between the two species that follows Haldane's rule in controlled, interspecific matings in captive populations. Hybridization reduces the proportion of F1 females available to return to the breeding grounds in the subsequent year. This effect, although likely small in overall population consequences in any year, may be of local significance and may contribute to recent reports of range shifts in both American black ducks and mallards. ?? 2004 NRC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/Z04-169","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Kirby, R., Sargeant, G., and Shutler, D., 2004, Haldane's rule and American black duck x mallard hybridization: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 82, no. 11, p. 1827-1831, https://doi.org/10.1139/Z04-169.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1827","endPage":"1831","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478075,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://semanticscholar.org/paper/419461b414792e38b31af958c3ff95b65f4f98db","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208403,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/Z04-169"}],"volume":"82","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f58e4b0c8380cd5ccec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, R.E.","contributorId":75871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sargeant, G.A.","contributorId":51681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargeant","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shutler, D.","contributorId":71361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shutler","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026684,"text":"70026684 - 2004 - Yamaguchia toyensis n. sp., n. gen. (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae) from profundal lake habitat in Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026684","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3811,"text":"Zoological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Yamaguchia toyensis n. sp., n. gen. (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae) from profundal lake habitat in Japan","docAbstract":"Yamaguchia toyensis n. sp., n. gen. is described from an oligotrophic caldera lake, Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan. Although the taxonomic affinities are unknown, the genus differs from all other Lumbriculidae in having the combination of testes and atria in X, a single, prosoporous male funnel per atrium, and spermathecae in XI. Unlike other Japanese lakes that have thus far been surveyed, Lake Toya supports abundant populations of lumbriculids in the profundal benthos.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Zoological Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2108/zsj.21.677","issn":"02890003","usgsCitation":"Fend, S., and Ohtaka, A., 2004, Yamaguchia toyensis n. sp., n. gen. (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae) from profundal lake habitat in Japan: Zoological Science, v. 21, no. 6, p. 677-683, https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.21.677.","startPage":"677","endPage":"683","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487450,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.21.677","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208412,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.21.677"},{"id":234148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd202e4b08c986b32f626","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fend, S.V. 0000-0002-4638-6602","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":99702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"S.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ohtaka, A.","contributorId":76520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohtaka","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1002719,"text":"1002719 - 2004 - Mechanisms for dominance in an early successional old field by the invasive non-native Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:49","indexId":"1002719","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanisms for dominance in an early successional old field by the invasive non-native Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don","docAbstract":"Researchers studying invasive plants often concentrate their efforts on predictive models thought to allow invasive plants to dominate native landscapes. However, if an invasive is already well established then experimental research is necessary to provide the information necessary to effectively manage the species. Prescribing appropriate management strategies without prior experimental research may not only be ineffective but also may squander limited resources or have the unintended consequence of furthering spread. Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don. is a well-established invasive plant of old fields and tall-grass prairie in the US. Managers suspect this species shades-out native plants and this is proposed as its primary mechanism for dominance. Using field experiments we tested probable factors allowing the speices to establish itself and once established, interfere in old field plant communities. We also examined the effects of two common anthropogenic disturbances (mowing and nutrients) on L. cuneata growth and establishment. When L. cuneata was treated (clipping, herbicide and stem pull-back) there was a significant increase in species richness and native speices cover. Stem density and canopy cover of L. cuneata increased significantly with mowing frequency but decreased with nutrient input. We suggest that mowing benefits L. cuneata while also hindering woody competition. Results also indicate L. cuneata is less prevalent on nutrient enriched soils than on unamended soil. Lespedeza cuneata appears to suppress native plants by shading them out and it can subsequently take over grassland communities. Since it has a varying response to human induced disturbances and may actually benefit from mowing, land managers should be cautious when utilizing this as a management tool.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.1023/B:BINV.0000041561.71407.f5","usgsCitation":"Brandon, A., Gibson, D., and Middleton, B., 2004, Mechanisms for dominance in an early successional old field by the invasive non-native Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don: Biological Invasions, v. 6, no. 4, p. 483-493, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BINV.0000041561.71407.f5.","productDescription":"p. 483-493","startPage":"483","endPage":"493","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15638,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:BINV.0000041561.71407.f5","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"6948.000000000000000"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611def","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brandon, A.L.","contributorId":85559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandon","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibson, D.J.","contributorId":65822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middleton, B.A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":89108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"B.A.","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":312160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026439,"text":"70026439 - 2004 - Frequency spectral analysis of GPR data over a crude oil spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-10T16:56:50","indexId":"70026439","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Frequency spectral analysis of GPR data over a crude oil spill","docAbstract":"A multi-offset ground penetrating radar (GPR) dataset was acquired by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, Minnesota, USA. The dataset consists of two, parallel profiles, each with 17 transmitter-receiver offsets ranging from 0.60 to 5.15m. One profile was acquired over a known oil pool floating on the water table, and the other profile was acquired over an uncontaminated area. The data appear to be more attenuated, or at least exhibit less reflectivity, in the area over the oil pool. In an attempt to determine the frequency dependence of this apparent attenuation, several attributes of the frequency spectra of the data were analyzed after accounting for the effects on amplitude of the radar system (radiation pattern), changes in antenna-ground coupling, and spherical divergence. The attributes analyzed were amplitude spectra peak frequency, 6 dB down, or half-amplitude, spectrum width, and the low and high frequency slopes between the 3 and 9 dB down points. The most consistent trend was observed for Fourier transformed full traces at offsets 0.81, 1.01, and 1.21m which displayed steeper low frequency slopes over the area corresponding to the oil pool. The Fourier-transformed time-windowed traces, where each window was equal to twice the airwave wavelet length, exhibited weakly consistent attribute trends from offset to offset and from window to window. The fact that strong, consistent oil indicators are not seen in this analysis indicates that another mechanism due to the presence of the oil, such as a gradient in the electromagnetic properties, may simply suppress reflections over the contaminated zone.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR 2004","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR 2004","conferenceDate":"June 21-24, 2004","language":"English","isbn":"9090179593","usgsCitation":"Burton, B., Olhoeft, G., and Powers, M., 2004, Frequency spectral analysis of GPR data over a crude oil spill, in Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR 2004, v. 1, June 21-24, 2004, p. 267-270.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"270","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13d4e4b0c8380cd547c4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Slob E.Yarovoy A.Rhebergen J.B.","contributorId":128406,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Slob E.Yarovoy A.Rhebergen J.B.","id":536603,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Burton, B.L.","contributorId":93983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olhoeft, G.R.","contributorId":10405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olhoeft","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powers, M.H.","contributorId":40352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026527,"text":"70026527 - 2004 - Use of qualitative and quantitative information in neural networks for assessing agricultural chemical contamination of domestic wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T07:35:41","indexId":"70026527","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of qualitative and quantitative information in neural networks for assessing agricultural chemical contamination of domestic wells","docAbstract":"

A neural network analysis of agrichemical occurrence in groundwater was conducted using data from a pilot study of 192 small-diameter drilled and driven wells and 115 dug and bored wells in Illinois, a regional reconnaissance network of 303 wells across 12 Midwestern states, and a study of 687 domestic wells across Iowa. Potential factors contributing to well contamination (e.g., depth to aquifer material, well depth, and distance to cropland) were investigated. These contributing factors were available in either numeric (actual or categorical) or descriptive (yes or no) format. A method was devised to use the numeric and descriptive values simultaneously. Training of the network was conducted using a standard backpropagation algorithm. Approximately 15% of the data was used for testing. Analysis indicated that training error was quite low for most data. Testing results indicated that it was possible to predict the contamination potential of a well with pesticides. However, predicting the actual level of contamination was more difficult. For pesticide occurrence in drilled and driven wells, the network predictions were good. The performance of the network was poorer for predicting nitrate occurrence in dug and bored wells. Although the data set for Iowa was large, the prediction ability of the trained network was poor, due to descriptive or categorical input parameters, compared with smaller data sets such as that for Illinois, which contained more numeric information.

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A.","contributorId":53129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mishra","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ray, C.","contributorId":40758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026489,"text":"70026489 - 2004 - PCB disruption of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis involves brain glucocorticoid receptor downregulation in anadromous Arctic charr","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T16:44:58","indexId":"70026489","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":730,"text":"American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology","onlineIssn":"1522-1490","printIssn":"0363-6119","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"PCB disruption of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis involves brain glucocorticoid receptor downregulation in anadromous Arctic charr","docAbstract":"

We examined whether brain glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modulation by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was involved in the abnormal cortisol response to stress seen in anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Fish treated with Aroclor 1254 (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg body mass) were maintained for 5 mo without feeding in the winter to mimic their seasonal fasting cycle, whereas a fed group with 0 and 100 mg/kg Aroclor was maintained for comparison. Fasting elevated plasma cortisol levels and brain GR content but depressed heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) and interrenal cortisol production capacity. Exposure of fasted fish to Aroclor 1254 resulted in a dose-dependent increase in brain total PCB content. This accumulation in fish with high PCB dose was threefold higher in fasted fish compared with fed fish. PCBs depressed plasma cortisol levels but did not affect in vitro interrenal cortisol production capacity in fasted charr. At high PCB dose, the brain GR content was significantly lower in the fasted fish and this corresponded with a lower brain hsp70 and hsp90 content. The elevation of plasma cortisol levels and upregulation of brain GR content may be an important adaptation to extended fasting in anadromous Arctic charr, and this response was disrupted by PCBs. Taken together, the hypothalamus-pituitary- interrenal axis is a target for PCB impact during winter emaciation in anadromous Arctic charr.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Physiological Society","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00091.2004","issn":"03636119","usgsCitation":"Aluru, N., Jorgensen, E., Maule, A., and Vijayan, M., 2004, PCB disruption of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis involves brain glucocorticoid receptor downregulation in anadromous Arctic charr: American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, v. 287, no. 4, p. R787-R793, https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00091.2004.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"R787","endPage":"R793","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208619,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00091.2004"}],"volume":"287","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7332e4b0c8380cd76f02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aluru, N.","contributorId":80454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aluru","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgensen, E.H.","contributorId":13782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"E.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vijayan, M.M.","contributorId":33087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vijayan","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026488,"text":"70026488 - 2004 - Population size and natural history of Mariana fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) on Sarigan, Mariana Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T17:34:54.016992","indexId":"70026488","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Population size and natural history of Mariana fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) on Sarigan, Mariana Islands","title":"Population size and natural history of Mariana fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) on Sarigan, Mariana Islands","docAbstract":"

Based on count results, we estimated the population of Mariana fruit bats (Pteropus mariannus Desmarest) on Sarigan, Mariana Islands, to number 150-200 bats in 1999, 185-235 bats in 2000, and about 300-400 bats in 2001. Our results, plus those of two previous surveys, indicate that bat abundance on the island probably remained relatively stable at about 125-235 animals during much of the period from 1983 to 2000, then increased suddenly in 2001, most likely due to immigration from a neighboring island. Sarigan's population differs from those of larger islands in the archipelago by usually having smaller roost sizes, typically 3-75 bats, and large numbers of solitary bats that at times comprise up to half of the population. Colonies and smaller aggregations were composed primarily of harems with multiple females, whereas a nearly equal sex ratio occurred among solitary animals. Colonies roosted in isolated coconut trees in open grasslands and in native forest stands of various sizes, but avoided dense coconut forest. An estimated 30-50% of harem and solitary females possessed young in July 1999. Bats were recorded feeding on just six species of plants, which partly reflects the island's impoverished flora. We speculate that fruit bat abundance on Sarigan is limited primarily by food availability rather than hunting losses, in contrast to some other islands in the Marianas. Our study supports the contention that populations of P. mariannus in the northern Marianas are usually sedentary, but that interisland movements of larger numbers of bats may occur rarely. 

","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii Press","doi":"10.1353/psc.2004.0044","usgsCitation":"Wiles, G., and Jonhson, N., 2004, Population size and natural history of Mariana fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) on Sarigan, Mariana Islands: Pacific Science, v. 58, no. 4, p. 585-596, https://doi.org/10.1353/psc.2004.0044.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"585","endPage":"596","costCenters":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478201,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/2744","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mariana Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -216.474609375,\n 14.604847155053898\n ],\n [\n -212.080078125,\n 14.604847155053898\n ],\n [\n -212.080078125,\n 16.46769474828897\n ],\n [\n -216.474609375,\n 16.46769474828897\n ],\n [\n -216.474609375,\n 14.604847155053898\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d8ce4b0c8380cd79ff5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiles, G.J.","contributorId":66377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiles","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jonhson, N.C.","contributorId":40392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonhson","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003633,"text":"1003633 - 2004 - Mortality in Laysan ducks (Anas laysanensis) by emaciation complicated by Echinuria uncinata on Laysan Island, Hawaii, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T15:09:01","indexId":"1003633","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Mortality in Laysan ducks (Anas laysanensis) by emaciation complicated by Echinuria uncinata on Laysan Island, Hawaii, 1993","title":"Mortality in Laysan ducks (Anas laysanensis) by emaciation complicated by Echinuria uncinata on Laysan Island, Hawaii, 1993","docAbstract":"

In November 1993, unusual mortality occurred among endangered Laysan ducks on Laysan Island, one of the remote refugia of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge (USA). Ten live ducks were emaciated, and blood samples documented anemia, heterophilia, and eosinophilia. Pathology in 13 duck carcasses revealed emaciation, marked thickening of the proventricular wall, abundant mucus, and nodules in the gastrointestinal tract. Histology revealed granulomata associated with nematodes in the proventriculus, small intestines, and body walls of nine of 10 ducks examined on histology. We suspect that low rainfall and low food abundance that year contributed to enhanced pathogenicity of parasite infection, either through increased exposure or decreased host resistance. Because the Laysan duck is found only on Laysan island and is critically endangered, translocation of this species to other islands is being considered. Given that we have not seen pathology associated with Echinuria spp. in native waterfowl on other Hawaiian Islands and given the parasite's potential to cause significant lesions in Laysan ducks, it will be important to prevent the translocation of Echinuria spp.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-40.1.110","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Meteyer, C.U., and Cole, R.A., 2004, Mortality in Laysan ducks (Anas laysanensis) by emaciation complicated by Echinuria uncinata on Laysan Island, Hawaii, 1993: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 40, no. 1, p. 110-114, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-40.1.110.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478181,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-40.1.110","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":135887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Laysan Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -171.7484092712402,\n 25.783121309991923\n ],\n [\n -171.75021171569824,\n 25.771759726687545\n ],\n [\n -171.75046920776367,\n 25.763025253026154\n ],\n [\n -171.749267578125,\n 25.75745958946251\n ],\n [\n -171.74480438232422,\n 25.753362475975287\n ],\n [\n -171.73845291137695,\n 25.75235750202372\n ],\n [\n -171.73364639282227,\n 25.752048277558668\n ],\n [\n -171.72806739807126,\n 25.75498587747208\n ],\n [\n -171.7210292816162,\n 25.76209766055024\n ],\n [\n -171.71442031860352,\n 25.772996414370642\n ],\n [\n -171.7141628265381,\n 25.781343719101066\n ],\n [\n -171.7166519165039,\n 25.785749004249865\n ],\n [\n -171.72300338745117,\n 25.78806750965902\n ],\n [\n -171.73338890075684,\n 25.78914946333745\n ],\n [\n -171.74291610717773,\n 25.78914946333745\n ],\n [\n -171.7484092712402,\n 25.783121309991923\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b477c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":313753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meteyer, Carol U. 0000-0002-4007-3410 cmeteyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"Carol","email":"cmeteyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":313755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, Rebecca A. 0000-0003-2923-1622 rcole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1622","contributorId":2873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Rebecca","email":"rcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":313754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003799,"text":"1003799 - 2004 - Effects of lead-contaminated sediment and nutrition on mallard duckling brain growth and biochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T12:25:17.117464","indexId":"1003799","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of lead-contaminated sediment and nutrition on mallard duckling brain growth and biochemistry","docAbstract":"

Day-old mallard (Anas platyryhnchos) ducklings received either a clean sediment (24%) supplemented control diet, Coeur d'Alene River Basin, Idaho (CDARB) sediment (3449 μg/g lead) supplemented diets at 12% or 24%, or a positive control diet (24% clean sediment with equivalent lead acetate to the 24% CDARB diet) for 6 weeks. The 12% CDARB diet resulted in a geometric mean concentration of 396 ppb (WW) brain lead with decreased brain protein and ATP concentrations but increased oxidized glutathione (GSSG) relative to the control diet. The 24% CDARB diet resulted in a concentration of 485 ppb brain lead with lower brain weight and ATP concentration than controls but higher concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and calcium. Lead acetate accumulated twice as well as CDARB derived lead and resulted in histopathological lesions of the brain. With a combination of a suboptimal diet and 24% CDARB, brain lead concentration was higher (594 ppb) than with 24% CDARB in the standard diet, histopathological lesions became apparent and GSH was higher than suboptimal diet controls.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0269-7491(04)00100-9","usgsCitation":"Douglas-Stroebel, E., Hoffman, D.J., Brewer, G.L., and Sileo, L., 2004, Effects of lead-contaminated sediment and nutrition on mallard duckling brain growth and biochemistry: Environmental Pollution, v. 131, no. 2, p. 215-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(04)00100-9.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"222","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d'Alene River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.01538085937499,\n 47.3220687602135\n ],\n [\n -116.47705078125,\n 47.3220687602135\n ],\n [\n -116.47705078125,\n 47.73193447949174\n ],\n [\n -117.01538085937499,\n 47.73193447949174\n ],\n [\n -117.01538085937499,\n 47.3220687602135\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"131","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611cd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas-Stroebel, E.","contributorId":27406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas-Stroebel","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brewer, G. L.","contributorId":76271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brewer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sileo, L.","contributorId":46895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026540,"text":"70026540 - 2004 - Comparison of in situ uranium KD values with a laboratory determined surface complexation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026540","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of in situ uranium KD values with a laboratory determined surface complexation model","docAbstract":"Reactive solute transport simulations in groundwater require a large number of parameters to describe hydrologic and chemical reaction processes. Appropriate methods for determining chemical reaction parameters required for reactive solute transport simulations are still under investigation. This work compares U(VI) distribution coefficients (i.e. KD values) measured under field conditions with KD values calculated from a surface complexation model developed in the laboratory. Field studies were conducted in an alluvial aquifer at a former U mill tailings site near the town of Naturita, CO, USA, by suspending approximately 10 g samples of Naturita aquifer background sediments (NABS) in 17-5.1-cm diameter wells for periods of 3 to 15 months. Adsorbed U(VI) on these samples was determined by extraction with a pH 9.45 NaHCO3/Na2CO3 solution. In wells where the chemical conditions in groundwater were nearly constant, adsorbed U concentrations for samples taken after 3 months of exposure to groundwater were indistinguishable from samples taken after 15 months. Measured in situ K D values calculated from the measurements of adsorbed and dissolved U(VI) ranged from 0.50 to 10.6 mL/g and the KD values decreased with increasing groundwater alkalinity, consistent with increased formation of soluble U(VI)-carbonate complexes at higher alkalinities. The in situ K D values were compared with KD values predicted from a surface complexation model (SCM) developed under laboratory conditions in a separate study. A good agreement between the predicted and measured in situ KD values was observed. The demonstration that the laboratory derived SCM can predict U(VI) adsorption in the field provides a critical independent test of a submodel used in a reactive transport model. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.03.004","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Curtis, G., Fox, P., Kohler, M., and Davis, J., 2004, Comparison of in situ uranium KD values with a laboratory determined surface complexation model: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, no. 10, p. 1643-1653, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.03.004.","startPage":"1643","endPage":"1653","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208427,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.03.004"},{"id":234168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f86be4b0c8380cd4d0bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, G.P.","contributorId":65619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fox, P.","contributorId":59213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kohler, M.","contributorId":32694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026443,"text":"70026443 - 2004 - Two-threshold model for scaling laws of noninteracting snow avalanches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026443","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3064,"text":"Physical Review Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two-threshold model for scaling laws of noninteracting snow avalanches","docAbstract":"A two-threshold model was proposed for scaling laws of noninteracting snow avalanches. It was found that the sizes of the largest avalanches just preceding the lattice system were power-law distributed. The proposed model reproduced the range of power-law exponents observe for land, rock or snow avalanches, by tuning the maximum value of the ratio of the two failure thresholds. A two-threshold 2D cellular automation was introduced to study the scaling for gravity-driven systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physical Review Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.208001","issn":"00319007","usgsCitation":"Faillettaz, J., Louchet, F., and Grasso, J., 2004, Two-threshold model for scaling laws of noninteracting snow avalanches: Physical Review Letters, v. 93, no. 20, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.208001.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478208,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0410134","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208554,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.208001"},{"id":234371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9a4e4b08c986b327cf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faillettaz, J.","contributorId":58817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faillettaz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Louchet, F.","contributorId":46737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Louchet","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grasso, J.-R.","contributorId":63999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grasso","given":"J.-R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026541,"text":"70026541 - 2004 - Sex differences in Little Auk Alle alle parental care: Transition from biparental to paternal-only care","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026541","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sex differences in Little Auk Alle alle parental care: Transition from biparental to paternal-only care","docAbstract":"Understanding differences in male and female care in biparental care systems can help interpret the selective pressures that shape parental strategies. We examined Little Auk Alle alle parental care at a breeding colony during the chick-rearing and fledging periods by conducting observations on marked, known-sex pairs, and by examining the sex ratio of birds carrying food to the colony. Little Auks transitioned from biparental to mostly paternal-only care during late chick-rearing. Males delivered more meals and spent more time at the colony than females during late chick-rearing. Very few females were present at the colony by the end of chick-rearing and through the fledging period, and all marked parents observed accompanying their chick to sea were male. Chick mass loss prior to fledging was associated with the lack of provisioning by the female parent, rather than a reduction in feeding frequency by both parents. The occurrence of paternal-only care during and after fledging is discussed in relation to physiological, ecological and phylogenetic constraints.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ibis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1474-919x.2004.00297.x","issn":"00191019","usgsCitation":"Harding, A., van Pelt, T.I., Lifjeld, J., and Mehlum, F., 2004, Sex differences in Little Auk Alle alle parental care: Transition from biparental to paternal-only care: Ibis, v. 146, no. 4, p. 642-651, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.2004.00297.x.","startPage":"642","endPage":"651","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208428,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.2004.00297.x"},{"id":234169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"146","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d92e4b08c986b3184b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harding, A.M.A.","contributorId":29088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"A.M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Pelt, Thomas I.","contributorId":13392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pelt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lifjeld, J.T.","contributorId":108286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lifjeld","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mehlum, F.","contributorId":66032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehlum","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026564,"text":"70026564 - 2004 - Vertical hydraulic conductivity measurements in the Denver Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026564","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vertical hydraulic conductivity measurements in the Denver Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Denver Basin is a structural basin on the eastern flank of the Rocky Mountain Front Range, Colorado, containing approximately 3000 ft of sediments that hold a critical groundwater resource supplying many thousands of households with water. Managing this groundwater resource requires understanding how water gets into and moves through water-bearing layers in a complex multiple-layered sedimentary sequence. The Denver Basin aquifer system consists of permeable sandstone interbedded with impermeable shale that has been subdivided into four principle aquifers named, in ascending order, the Laramie-Fox Hills, Arapahoe, Denver, and Dawson aquifers. Although shale can dominate the stratigraphic interval containing the aquifers, there is very little empirical data regarding the hydrogeologic properties of the shale layers that control groundwater flow in the basin. The amount of water that flows vertically within the basin is limited by the vertical hydraulic conductivity through the confining shale layers. Low vertical flow volumes translate to low natural recharge rates and can have a profound negative impact on long-term well yields and the economic viability of utilizing the resource. To date, direct measurements of vertical hydraulic conductivity from cores of fine-grained sediments have been published from only five locations; and the data span a wide range from 1??10-3 to 1??10-11 cm/sec. This range may be attributable, in part, to differences in sample handling and analytical methods; however, it may also reflect subtle differences in the lithologic characteristics of the fine-grained sediments such as grain-size, clay mineralogy, and compaction that relate to position in the basin. These limited data certainly call for the collection of additional data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Barkmann, P., 2004, Vertical hydraulic conductivity measurements in the Denver Basin, Colorado: Mountain Geologist, v. 41, no. 4, p. 169-183.","startPage":"169","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc23ae4b08c986b32a9e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barkmann, P.E.","contributorId":14613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barkmann","given":"P.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70026528,"text":"70026528 - 2004 - Carbon dioxide and methane sorption in high volatile bituminous coals from Indiana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026528","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon dioxide and methane sorption in high volatile bituminous coals from Indiana, USA","docAbstract":"Samples of coals from several coalbeds in Indiana were analyzed for CO2 and CH4 sorption capacity using a high-pressure adsorption isotherm technique. Coal quality and petrographic composition of the coals were determined to study their relationships to the volume of CO2 and CH4 that could be sorbed into the coal. At the temperature of 17 ??C and 400 psi (??? 2.8 MPa), the coals can sorb (on dry ash-free basis) from 4 to 6.3 m3/ton (128-202 scf/ton) of CH4 and 19.5-24.6 m3/ton4 (624 to 788 scf/ton) of CO2. The ratio of CO2/CH4 at these conditions ranges from 3.5 to 5.3 and decreases with an increasing pressure for all coals. The coals studied are of a very similar coal rank (Ro from 0.48 to 0.62%) but of varying petrographic composition, and CO2 sorption volumes appear to be positively correlated to the content of maceral telocollinite. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2004.04.001","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Mastalerz, M., Gluskoter, H.J., and Rupp, J., 2004, Carbon dioxide and methane sorption in high volatile bituminous coals from Indiana, USA: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 60, no. 1, p. 43-55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2004.04.001.","startPage":"43","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208313,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2004.04.001"},{"id":233980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f35ee4b0c8380cd4b75d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gluskoter, Harold J. halg@usgs.gov","contributorId":21319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gluskoter","given":"Harold","email":"halg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":259,"text":"Energy Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rupp, J.","contributorId":78128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupp","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003794,"text":"1003794 - 2004 - Prevalence of neurotoxic Clostridium botulinum type C in the gastrointestinal tracts of tilapis (Oreochromis mossambicus) in the Salton Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-17T13:39:10","indexId":"1003794","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prevalence of neurotoxic Clostridium botulinum type C in the gastrointestinal tracts of tilapis (Oreochromis mossambicus) in the Salton Sea","docAbstract":"

Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) have been implicated as the source of type C toxin in avian botulism outbreaks in pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, Pelecanus occidentalis californicus) at the Salton Sea in southern California (USA). We collected sick, dead, and healthy fish from various sites throughout the Sea during the summers of 1999 through 2001 and tested them for the presence of Clostridium botulinum type C cells by polymerase chain reaction targeting the C1 neurotoxin gene. Four of 96 (4%), 57 of 664 (9%), and five of 355 (1%) tilapia tested were positive for C. botulinum type C toxin gene in 1999, 2000, and 2001, respectively. The total number of positive fish was significantly greater in 2000 than in 2001 (P<0.0001). No difference in numbers of positives was detected between sick and dead fish compared with live fish. In 2000, no significant relationships were revealed among the variables studied, such as location and date of collection.

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2004 - Assessing land cover performance in Senegal, West Africa using 1-km integrated NDVI and local variance analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T16:39:56","indexId":"70026375","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing land cover performance in Senegal, West Africa using 1-km integrated NDVI and local variance analysis","docAbstract":"

The researchers calculated seasonal integrated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for each of 7 years using a time-series of 1-km data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) (1992-93, 1995) and SPOT Vegetation (1998-2001) sensors. We used a local variance technique to identify each pixel as normal or either positively or negatively anomalous when compared to its surroundings. We then summarized the number of years that a given pixel was identified as an anomaly. The resulting anomaly maps were analysed using Landsat TM imagery and extensive ground knowledge to assess the results. This technique identified anomalies that can be linked to numerous anthropogenic impacts including agricultural and urban expansion, maintenance of protected areas and increased fallow. Local variance analysis is a reliable method for assessing vegetation degradation resulting from human pressures or increased land productivity from natural resource management practices. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.020","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Budde, M., Tappan, G., Rowland, J., Lewis, J., and Tieszen, L., 2004, Assessing land cover performance in Senegal, West Africa using 1-km integrated NDVI and local variance analysis: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 59, no. 3, p. 481-498, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.020.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"498","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208597,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.020"}],"country":"Senegal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -17.11669921875,\n 12.232654837013484\n ],\n [\n -17.11669921875,\n 16.678293098288528\n ],\n [\n -11.2939453125,\n 16.678293098288528\n ],\n [\n -11.2939453125,\n 12.232654837013484\n ],\n [\n -17.11669921875,\n 12.232654837013484\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edd9e4b0c8380cd49a4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Budde, M.E. 0000-0002-9098-2751","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-2751","contributorId":56837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budde","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tappan, G. 0000-0002-2240-6963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-6963","contributorId":26859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappan","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":3108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewis, J.","contributorId":79672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tieszen, L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1003795,"text":"1003795 - 2004 - Limited infection upon human exposure to a recombinant raccoon pox vaccine vector","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-17T13:37:43","indexId":"1003795","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3673,"text":"Vaccine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limited infection upon human exposure to a recombinant raccoon pox vaccine vector","docAbstract":"

A laboratory accident resulted in human exposure to a recombinant raccoon poxvirus (RCN) developed as a vaccine vector for antigens of Yersinia pestis for protection of wild rodents (and other animals) against plague. Within 9 days, the patient developed a small blister that healed within 4 weeks. Raccoon poxvirus was cultured from the lesion, and the patient developed antibody to plague antigen (F1) and RCN. This is the first documented case of human exposure to RCN.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.01.030","usgsCitation":"Rocke, T., Dein, F., Fuchsberger, M., Fox, B., Stinchcomb, D., and Osorio, J., 2004, Limited infection upon human exposure to a recombinant raccoon pox vaccine vector: Vaccine, v. 22, no. 21-22, p. 2757-2760, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.01.030.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2757","endPage":"2760","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15201,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TD4-4BNMC10-1&_user=696292&_coverDate=07%2F29%2F2004&_rdoc=16&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235188%232004%23999779978%23510202%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5188&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=40&_acct=C000038819&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=696292&md5=c8638a6413345f55e1a229f71bae12e1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5076.000000000000000"}],"volume":"22","issue":"21-22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5273","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":88680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dein, F. J.","contributorId":97030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dein","given":"F. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuchsberger, M.","contributorId":65797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuchsberger","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fox, B.C.","contributorId":75480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stinchcomb, D.T.","contributorId":31336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stinchcomb","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Osorio, J.G.","contributorId":90248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osorio","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70026563,"text":"70026563 - 2004 - Is climate change affecting wolf populations in the high arctic?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-05T09:26:18","indexId":"70026563","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is climate change affecting wolf populations in the high arctic?","docAbstract":"

Gobal climate change may affect wolves in Canada’s High Arctic (80° N) acting through three trophic levels (vegetation, herbivores, and wolves). A wolf pack dependent on muskoxen and arctic hares in the Eureka area of Ellesmere Island denned and produced pups most years from at least 1986 through 1997. However, when summer snow covered vegetation in 1997 and 2000 for the first time since records were kept, halving the herbivore nutrition-replenishment period, muskox and hare numbers dropped drastically, and the area stopped supporting denning wolves through 2003. The unusual weather triggering these events was consistent with global-climate-change phenomena.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-004-7093-z","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., 2004, Is climate change affecting wolf populations in the high arctic?: Climatic Change, v. 67, no. 1, p. 86-93, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-004-7093-z.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"93","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f26e4b0c8380cd642d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70026685,"text":"70026685 - 2004 - Food web pathway determines how selenium affects aquatic ecosystems: A San francisco Bay case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T07:42:40","indexId":"70026685","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food web pathway determines how selenium affects aquatic ecosystems: A San francisco Bay case study","docAbstract":"

Chemical contaminants disrupt ecosystems, but specific effects may be under-appreciated when poorly known processes such as uptake mechanisms, uptake via diet, food preferences, and food web dynamics are influential. Here we show that a combination of food web structure and the physiology of trace element accumulation explain why some species in San Francisco Bay are threatened by a relatively low level of selenium contamination and some are not. Bivalves and crustacean zooplankton form the base of two dominant food webs in estuaries. The dominant bivalve Potamocorbula amurensis has a 10-fold slower rate constant of loss for selenium than do common crustaceans such as copepods and the mysid Neomysis mercedis (rate constant of loss, ke = 0.025, 0.155, and 0.25 d-1, respectively). The result is much higher selenium concentrations in the bivalve than in the crustaceans. Stable isotope analyses show that this difference is propagated up the respective food webs in San Francisco Bay. Several predators of bivalves have tissue concentrations of selenium that exceed thresholds thought to be associated with teratogenesis or reproductive failure (liver Se >15 μg g-1 dry weight). Deformities typical of selenium-induced teratogenesis were observed in one of these species. Concentrations of selenium in tissues of predators of zooplankton are less than the thresholds. Basic physiological and ecological processes can drive wide differences in exposure and effects among species, but such processes are rarely considered in traditional evaluations of contaminant impacts.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0499647","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Stewart, A., Luoma, S., Schlekat, C., Doblin, M., and Hieb, K., 2004, Food web pathway determines how selenium affects aquatic ecosystems: A San francisco Bay case study: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 17, p. 4519-4526, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0499647.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4519","endPage":"4526","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208435,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0499647"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.64862060546875,\n 37.391981943533544\n ],\n [\n -121.74362182617188,\n 37.391981943533544\n ],\n [\n -121.74362182617188,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -122.64862060546875,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -122.64862060546875,\n 37.391981943533544\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12e6e4b0c8380cd54438","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, A.R.","contributorId":20470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schlekat, C.E.","contributorId":89683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlekat","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doblin, M.A.","contributorId":19345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doblin","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hieb, K.A.","contributorId":40771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hieb","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026465,"text":"70026465 - 2004 - Long-term consequences of variation in timing and manner of fry introduction on juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) growth, survival, and life-history expression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026465","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Long-term consequences of variation in timing and manner of fry introduction on juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) growth, survival, and life-history expression","docAbstract":"We tested the influence of introduction time and the manner of introduction on growth, survival, and life-history expression of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Introduction treatments included three fry stocking times and stream rearing of embryos. Despite poor growth conditions during the early stocking period, early-stocked fish were larger throughout the entire study period, likely the result of prior residence advantage. This interpretation was reinforced by the laboratory study, where early-stocked fish outgrew late-stocked fish when reared together, but not when they were reared separately. In contrast to growth, abundance of stocked fish was greatest for fish stocked during the middle period, and this stocking group produced the greatest number of smolts. Despite smaller size, survival of stream-incubated fish was generally greater than survival of stocked fish. Introduction timing had a pronounced effect on smolt age but a weak effect on extent of parr maturation. Overall, these observations indicate that small differences (???2 weeks) in introduction time can have long-term effects on size, survival, and life-history expression. Results suggest stabilizing selection on introduction times, mediated by the interaction between prior residence (advantage to fish introduced earlier) and habitat suitability (advantage to fish introduced later). ?? 2004 NRC Canada.","largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","language":"English","doi":"10.1139/f04-214","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Letcher, B., Dubreuil, T., O'Donnell, M., Obedzinski, M., Griswold, K., and Nislow, K., 2004, Long-term consequences of variation in timing and manner of fry introduction on juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) growth, survival, and life-history expression, in Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 61, no. 12, p. 2288-2301, https://doi.org/10.1139/f04-214.","startPage":"2288","endPage":"2301","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208423,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-214"},{"id":234164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4980e4b0c8380cd68671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dubreuil, T.","contributorId":8664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubreuil","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Donnell, M. J. 0000-0002-9089-2377","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-2377","contributorId":23670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Obedzinski, M.","contributorId":78513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obedzinski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Griswold, K.","contributorId":21429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griswold","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nislow, K.H.","contributorId":66477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nislow","given":"K.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70026373,"text":"70026373 - 2004 - Overland flow generation in two lithologically distinct rainforest catchments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026373","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overland flow generation in two lithologically distinct rainforest catchments","docAbstract":"Streams on uniformly rainforest-covered, but lithologically very diverse Barro Colorado Island in central Panama?? show remarkable differences in their runoff response to rainfall. This lithological diversity is reflected in equally diverse soilscapes, and our objective was to test the hypothesis that contrasting runoff responses derive from soilscape features that control the generation of overland flow. We determined the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of two neighboring, but hydrologically contrasting catchments (Lutz Creek with a flashy and Conrad Trail with a delayed response to rainfall), and quantified the spatial and temporal frequency of overland flow occurrence. The median Ks values at a depth of 12.5 cm are large enough to rule out Hortonian overland flow, but a marked decrease in K s in Lutz Creek catchment at 30 cm suggests the formation of a perched water table and the generation saturation overland flow; the decrease in Ks in the Conrad Trail catchment is more gradual, and a perched water table is expected to form only at depths below 50 cm. In Lutz Creek, overland flow was generated frequently in time and space and regardless of topographic position, including near the interfluve, with very low thresholds of storm magnitude, duration, intensity and antecedent wetness, whereas in Conrad Trail, overland flow was generated much less frequently and then only locally. We conclude that soilscape features and microtopography are important controls of overland flow generation in these catchments. Our results contribute to the growing evidence that overland flow and forests are not a priori a contradiction in terms. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.014","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Godsey, S., Elsenbeer, H., and Stallard, R., 2004, Overland flow generation in two lithologically distinct rainforest catchments: Journal of Hydrology, v. 295, no. 1-4, p. 276-290, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.014.","startPage":"276","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208575,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.014"},{"id":234403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"295","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a71d7e4b0c8380cd767bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godsey, S.","contributorId":61994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsey","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elsenbeer, H.","contributorId":72177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elsenbeer","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stallard, R. 0000-0001-8209-7608","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8209-7608","contributorId":12653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026689,"text":"70026689 - 2004 - Water-soluble pesticides in finished water of community water supplies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-27T16:51:51.752531","indexId":"70026689","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2136,"text":"Journal - American Water Works Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-soluble pesticides in finished water of community water supplies","docAbstract":"

To evaluate the effect of the treatment process on pesticide concentration, source water and finished (treated) water samples were collected from 12 community water systems (CWSs) and analyzed for water-soluble pesticides. The pesticides most frequently detected in the source water were the triazine herbicides (atrazine, cyanazine, prometon, and simazine) and the chloroacetanilide herbicides (acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor). Atrazine, metolachlor, prometon, and simazine were detected in the source and finished water of every system sampled. Deethylatrazine, a degradate, was detected in the source and finished water of every CWS but one. The triazine and chloroacetanilide herbicides were usually detected in the finished water after the treatment process, although for most treatment plants the concentrations were significantly less in the finished water. For other pesticides detected in source water—especially the organophosphate insecticides and other sulfur-containing pesticides (diazinon, chlorpyrifos, malathion, and metribuzin)—the treatment process either removed or degraded the pesticide completely.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2004.tb10723.x","usgsCitation":"Coupe, R., and Blomquist, J., 2004, Water-soluble pesticides in finished water of community water supplies: Journal - American Water Works Association, v. 96, no. 10, p. 56-68, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2004.tb10723.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"68","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcef3e4b08c986b32e654","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coupe, R.H.","contributorId":84778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blomquist, J. D. 0000-0002-0140-6534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-6534","contributorId":20784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blomquist","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026461,"text":"70026461 - 2004 - Petroleum reserves and undiscovered resources in the total petroleum systems of Iraq: Reserve growth and production implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-01T16:16:55.013639","indexId":"70026461","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1744,"text":"GeoArabia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petroleum reserves and undiscovered resources in the total petroleum systems of Iraq: Reserve growth and production implications","docAbstract":"

Iraq is one of the world's most petroleum-rich countries and, in the future, it could become one of the main producers. Iraq's petroleum resources are estimated to be 184 billion barrels, which include oil and natural gas reserves, and undiscovered resources. With its proved (or remaining) reserves of 113 billion barrels of oil (BBO) as of January 2003, Iraq ranks second to Saudi Arabia with 259 BBO in the Middle East. Iraq's proved reserves of 110 trillion cubic feet of gas (TCFG) rank tenth in the world. In addition to known reserves, the combined undiscovered hydrocarbon potential for the three Total Petroleum Systems (Paleozoic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous/Tertiary) in Iraq is estimated to range from 14 to 84 BBO (45 BBO at the mean), and 37 to 227 TCFG (120 TCFG at the mean). Additionally, of the 526 known prospective structures, some 370 remain undrilled. Petroleum migration models and associated geological and geochemical studies were used to constrain the undiscovered resource estimates of Iraq. Based on a criterion of recoverable reserves of between 1 and 5 BBO for a giant field, and more than 5 BBO for a super-giant, Iraq has 6 super-giant and 11 giant fields, accounting for 88% of its recoverable reserves, which include proved reserves and cumulative production. Of the 28 producing fields, 22 have recovery factors that range from 15 to 42% with an overall average of less than 30%. The recovery factor can be increased with water injection, improved and enhanced oil recovery methods (IOR and EOR) in various reservoirs, thus potentially increasing Iraq's reserves by an additional 50 to 70 BBO. Reserve growth is a significant factor that has been observed, to some extent, in nearly all Iraqi oil fields. Historically, producing fields have shown an average growth of 1.6 fold (or 60%) in their recoverable reserves over a 20-year period (1981-2001). With periodic assessments of reservoirs, application of available technology, and an upgrading of facilities, increases in reserves are expected in the future.

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