The objectives of this study are to identify per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Pennsylvania surface waters, corresponding associations with potential sources of PFAS contamination (PSOC) and other parameters, and compare raw surface water concentrations to human and ecological benchmarks. Surface water samples from 161 streams were collected in September 2019 and were analyzed for 33 target PFAS and water chemistry. Land use and physical attributes in upstream catchments and geospatial counts of PSOC in local catchments are summarized. The hydrologic yield of the sum of 33 PFAS (∑PFAS) for each stream was computed by normalizing each site's load by the drainage area of the upstream catchment. Utilizing conditional inference tree analysis, the percentage of development (>7.58 %) was identified as a primary driver of the ∑PFAS hydrologic yields. When percentage of development was removed from analysis, ∑PFAS yields were closely related to surface water chemistry associated with landscape alteration (e.g., development or agricultural cropland), such as concentrations of total nitrogen, chloride, and ammonia, but also to count of water pollution control facilities (agricultural, industrial, stormwater, and/or municipal waste pollution abatement facilities). In oil and gas development regions, ∑PFAS yields were associated with combined sewage outfalls. Sites surrounded by ≥2 electronic manufacturing facilities had elevated ∑PFAS yields (median = 241 ng/s/km2). Study results are critical to guide future research, regulatory policy, best practices that will mitigate PFAS contamination, and the communication of human health and ecological risks associated with PFAS exposure from surface waters.
The U.S. Geological Survey Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) Project has created four major hazard scenarios—ShakeOut, ARkStorm, Tsunami Scenario, and HayWired—with multidisciplinary teams of scientists, academics, and practitioners. By presenting a clear and highly detailed narrative of potential damage from earthquakes, tsunamis, and winter storms, the scenarios are intended to foster science-based preparedness strategies and disaster risk reduction innovations.
This evaluation explores the presence of these scenarios in cultures of preparedness and their role in disaster risk reduction, and reports barriers and enablers to creating and using these scenarios. To do this, the evaluation team developed a mixed-methods study that includes background research for each scenario, qualitative interviews, data collection of media and academic engagement, and examples of SAFRR scenario use in hazard planning. The data collection led to the development of a hazard scenario evaluation tool that combines theories from multiple disciplines to create a best practice set of categories that aid in scenario use and efficacy. The evaluation tool categories—actionable, longitudinal, educational, relevant, and thorough—are organized as a series of checklists that are used to determine how the scenario planners prioritized different aspects of the scenarios to achieve their goals. The tool could also be used to aid scenario planning for other regional disaster risk reduction scenarios of a similar scope.
Findings from this evaluation include detailed narratives of scenario use over time, demonstrating that the scenarios have continued to be useful in hazard planning and preparedness across the globe. Examples of use include using the scenarios to advocate for resilient building and development policy, to promote hazard response exercises, and as source data for the development of new hazard models and science. The scenarios themselves are innovative, both in the hazard science created for scenario development and in their branding and public engagement as U.S. Geological Survey products. This SAFFR retrospective is a descriptive evaluation and does not formally address the effects of the scenarios. Nevertheless, this report does include evidence of scenario affects as discovered through qualitative interviews and research, which is presented to explore how the SAFRR scenarios have been received by cultures of preparedness.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235011","usgsCitation":"Smithhisler, N., and Burkardt, N., 2023, The Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) Scenario Retrospective 2006–21: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5011, 116 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235011.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 116 p.; Program Agenda","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-129947","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417356,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5011/sir20235011.xml"},{"id":417355,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5011/images"},{"id":417314,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5011/agenda.pdf","text":"ARkSTORM Summit Program","size":"3.10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"ARkSTORM Summit Program"},{"id":417313,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5011/sir20235011.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5011"},{"id":417312,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5011/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":500692,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114738.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"contact":"Director, Fort Collins Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2150 Centre Ave., Bldg. C
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
Increased wildfire activity in the western United States has exposed regional gaps in our understanding of postfire debris-flow generation. To address this problem, we characterized flows in an unstudied area to test the rainfall intensity-duration control of the hazard. Our rainfall measurements and field observations from the northern Sierra Nevada (California, USA) show that debris flows resulted from a short burst rainfall during a low-accumulation storm. In contrast, a much higher accumulation storm (∼10 times more rainfall) with lower short-duration rainfall rates only produced low-hazard flooding. We conclude that total storm rainfall is not an ideal metric for identifying the rainfall conditions that initiate runoff-generated debris flows in the first year after wildfire. Rather, a focus on short-duration (<1 hr), high-intensity rainfall that can occur during localized thunderstorms, or bands of intense rainfall during prolonged rainstorms, is more beneficial for the purposes of hazard assessment and warning.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2023GL103645","usgsCitation":"Thomas, M.A., Lindsay, D.N., Cavagnaro, D.B., Kean, J.W., McCoy, S., and Graber, A.P., 2023, The rainfall intensity-duration control of debris flows after wildfire: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 50, no. 10, e2023GL103645, 10 p., Data Release, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL103645.","productDescription":"e2023GL103645, 10 p., Data Release","ipdsId":"IP-148758","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443405,"rank":4,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023gl103645","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435320,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YPX1BM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Field-verified inventory of postfire debris flows for the 2021 Dixie Fire following a 23-25 October 2021 atmospheric river storm and 12 June 2022 thunderstorm"},{"id":417399,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":417876,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63bf10a9d34e92aad3cdac1d","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Field-verified inventory of postfire debris flows for the 2021 Dixie Fire following a 23-25 October 2021 atmospheric river storm and 12 June 2022 thunderstorm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Feather River Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.316667,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -121.316667,\n 39.9333\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 39.9333\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -121.316667,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Matthew A. 0000-0002-9828-5539 matthewthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9828-5539","contributorId":200616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Matthew","email":"matthewthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindsay, Donald N.","contributorId":216337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindsay","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":12640,"text":"California Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cavagnaro, David B.","contributorId":267181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cavagnaro","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":16686,"text":"University of Nevada, Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kean, Jason W. 0000-0003-3089-0369 jwkean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":1654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"Jason","email":"jwkean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCoy, Scott W.","contributorId":267182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCoy","given":"Scott W.","affiliations":[{"id":16686,"text":"University of Nevada, Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Graber, Andrew Paul 0000-0003-4179-0291","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4179-0291","contributorId":304628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graber","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70247331,"text":"70247331 - 2023 - Rapid characterization of the February 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, earthquake sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-27T15:55:23.625859","indexId":"70247331","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-23T10:46:37","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10542,"text":"The Seismic Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid characterization of the February 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, earthquake sequence","docAbstract":"The 6 February 2023
Individual variation in life-history traits can have important implications for the ability of populations to respond to environmental variability and change. In migratory animals, flexibility in the timing of life-history events, such as juvenile emigration from natal areas, can influence the effects of population density and environmental conditions on habitat use and population dynamics. We evaluated the functional relationships between population density and environmental covariates and the abundance of juveniles expressing different life-history pathways in a migratory fish, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), in the Wenatchee River basin in Washington State, USA. We found that the abundance of younger emigrants from natal streams was best described by an accelerating or near-linear function of spawners, whereas the abundance of older emigrants was best described by a decelerating function of spawners. This supports the hypothesis that emigration timing varies in response to density in natal areas, with younger-emigrating life-history pathways comprising a larger proportion of emigrants when densities of conspecifics are high. We also observed positive relationships between winter stream discharge and abundance of younger emigrants, supporting the hypothesis that habitat conditions can also influence the prevalence of different life-history pathways. Our results suggest that early emigration, and a resultant increase in the use of downstream rearing habitats, may increase at higher population densities and with greater winter precipitation. Winter precipitation is projected to increase in this system due to climate warming. Characterizing relationships between life-history prevalence and environmental conditions may improve our understanding of species habitat requirements and is a first step in understanding the dynamics of species with diverse life-history strategies. As environmental conditions change—due to climate change, management, or other factors—resultant life-history changes are likely to have important demographic implications that will be challenging to predict when life-history diversity is not accounted for in population models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.10087","usgsCitation":"Sorel, M.H., Murdoch, A.R., Zabel, R.W., Kamphaus, C.M., Buhle, E.R., Scheuerell, M.D., and Converse, S.J., 2023, Effects of population density and environmental conditions on life-history prevalence in a migratory fish: Ecology and Evolution, v. 13, no. 5, e10087, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10087.","productDescription":"e10087, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-141269","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10087","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":430137,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Wenatchee River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.2,\n 48.2\n ],\n [\n -121.2,\n 47.4\n ],\n [\n -120.2,\n 47.4\n ],\n [\n -120.2,\n 48.2\n ],\n [\n -121.2,\n 48.2\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorel, Mark H.","contributorId":171739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sorel","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":903776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murdoch, Andrew R.","contributorId":339213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12438,"text":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zabel, Richard W.","contributorId":272049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zabel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kamphaus, Cory M.","contributorId":339215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kamphaus","given":"Cory","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":39287,"text":"Yakama Nation Fisheries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buhle, Eric R.","contributorId":339062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buhle","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":81244,"text":"Biomark Applied Biological Services","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scheuerell, Mark David 0000-0002-8284-1254","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8284-1254","contributorId":288621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheuerell","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":173772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70243980,"text":"70243980 - 2023 - Influence of increased freshwater inflow on nitrogen and phosphorus budgets in a dynamic subtropical estuary, Barataria Basin, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-30T14:19:45.884972","indexId":"70243980","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-23T08:48:22","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of increased freshwater inflow on nitrogen and phosphorus budgets in a dynamic subtropical estuary, Barataria Basin, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Coastal Louisiana is currently experiencing high rates of wetland loss and large-scale ecosystem restoration is being implemented. One of the largest and most novel restoration projects is a controlled sediment diversion, proposed to rebuild and sustain wetlands by diverting sediment- and nutrient-rich water from the Mississippi River. However, the impact of this proposed sediment diversion on the nutrient budget of the receiving basin is largely unknown. A water quality model was developed to investigate the impact of the planned Mid-Barataria Sediment Diversion on the nutrient budget of the Barataria Basin (herein referred to as ‘the Basin’). The model results indicate that the planned diversion will increase TN and TP pools by about 38% and 17%, respectively, even with TN and TP loadings that increase by >300%. Water quality model results suggest that the increase of nutrients in the basin will be mitigated by increased advection transport (i.e., decreased residence time from ~170 days to ~40 days, leading to greater flushing) and increased removal via assimilation, denitrification, and settling within the Basin. Advection transport resulted in higher TN removal in the Basin than other processes, such as uptake or denitrification. Approximately 25% of the additional TN loading and 30% of the additional TP loading were processed within the Basin through the assimilation of phytoplankton and wetland vegetation, denitrification, and burial in the sediment/soils. These nutrient budgets help to better understand how the planned large-scale sediment diversion project may change the future ecological conditions within the estuaries of coastal Louisiana and near-shore northern Gulf of Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w15111974","usgsCitation":"Jung, H., Nuttle, W.K., Baustian, M.M., and Carruthers, T., 2023, Influence of increased freshwater inflow on nitrogen and phosphorus budgets in a dynamic subtropical estuary, Barataria Basin, Louisiana: Water, v. 15, no. 11, 1974, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/w15111974.","productDescription":"1974, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-147358","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w15111974","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":417528,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.95930658584572,\n 28.576529058181706\n ],\n [\n -89.35817902592156,\n 29.01036697967102\n ],\n [\n -89.24031087691701,\n 29.18888336467873\n ],\n [\n -89.67249408993412,\n 29.421859677181203\n ],\n [\n -90.17539819235454,\n 29.835100651604293\n ],\n [\n -90.3954187371632,\n 29.739625500016345\n ],\n [\n -90.2186165136559,\n 29.182023077646647\n ],\n [\n -89.95930658584572,\n 28.576529058181706\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jung, Hoonshin","contributorId":305843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jung","given":"Hoonshin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13499,"text":"The Water Institute of the Gulf","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nuttle, William K.","contributorId":189603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nuttle","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baustian, Melissa Millman 0000-0003-2467-2533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2467-2533","contributorId":304015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baustian","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"Millman","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carruthers, Tim J. B.","contributorId":140566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carruthers","given":"Tim J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":874000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70243837,"text":"70243837 - 2023 - Coral restoration for coastal resilience: Integrating ecology, hydrodynamics, and engineering at multiple scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-24T13:24:15.792481","indexId":"70243837","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-23T08:47:01","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coral restoration for coastal resilience: Integrating ecology, hydrodynamics, and engineering at multiple scales","docAbstract":"The loss of functional and accreting coral reefs reduces coastal protection and resilience for tropical coastlines. Coral restoration has potential for recovering healthy reefs that can mitigate risks from coastal hazards and increase sustainability. However, scaling up restoration to the large extent needed for coastal protection requires integrated application of principles from coastal engineering, hydrodynamics, and ecology across multiple spatial scales, as well as filling missing knowledge gaps across disciplines. This synthesis aims to identify how scientific understanding of multidisciplinary processes at interconnected scales can advance coral reef restoration. The work is placed within the context of a decision support framework to evaluate the design and effectiveness of coral restoration for coastal resilience. Successfully linking multidisciplinary science with restoration practice will ensure that future large-scale coral reef restorations maximize protection for at-risk coastal communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.4517","usgsCitation":"Viehman, T.S., Reguero, B., Lenihan, H., Rosman, J.H., Storlazzi, C.D., Goergen, E., Canals Silander, M.F., Groves, S.H., Holstein, D., Bruckner, A., Carrick, J., Haus, B., Royster, J., Duvall, M., Torres, W., and Hench, J., 2023, Coral restoration for coastal resilience: Integrating ecology, hydrodynamics, and engineering at multiple scales: Ecosphere, v. 14, no. 5, e4517, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4517.","productDescription":"e4517, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120817","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443417,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4517","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":417334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Viehman, T. Shay","contributorId":305632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Viehman","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Shay","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reguero, Borja","contributorId":264485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reguero","given":"Borja","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lenihan, Hunter","contributorId":305633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lenihan","given":"Hunter","affiliations":[{"id":7168,"text":"UCSB","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosman, Johanna H.","contributorId":152264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosman","given":"Johanna","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":213610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goergen, Elizabeth","contributorId":305636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goergen","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Canals Silander, Miguel F.","contributorId":305639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canals Silander","given":"Miguel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":66263,"text":"UPR-M","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Groves, Sarah H.","contributorId":259300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groves","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16685,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmopheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":873455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Holstein, Daniel","contributorId":305641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holstein","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":16154,"text":"LSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bruckner, Andrew","contributorId":305643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruckner","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Carrick, Jane","contributorId":305644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carrick","given":"Jane","affiliations":[{"id":50219,"text":"um","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Haus, Brian","contributorId":305645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haus","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50219,"text":"um","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Royster, Julia","contributorId":305646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Royster","given":"Julia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Duvall, Melissa","contributorId":305647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duvall","given":"Melissa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48502,"text":"Duke","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Torres, Walter","contributorId":305648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torres","given":"Walter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48502,"text":"Duke","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Hench, Jim","contributorId":305649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hench","given":"Jim","affiliations":[{"id":48502,"text":"Duke","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70243839,"text":"70243839 - 2023 - Spatiotemporal patterns and environmental drivers of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) abundance along the Missouri River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-09T15:26:11.659239","indexId":"70243839","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-23T08:14:25","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Spatiotemporal patterns and environmental drivers of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) abundance along the Missouri River, USA","title":"Spatiotemporal patterns and environmental drivers of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) abundance along the Missouri River, USA","docAbstract":"Context: Changes in disturbance regimes, including reductions in flooding and geomorphic dynamism from dam construction and flow regulation, have facilitated invasion by eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.), an upland tree species, in the understory of floodplain forests along the Missouri National Recreational River (MNRR).
Objectives: Our aim was to determine the spatiotemporal patterns and environmental drivers of redcedar invasion along the MNRR.
Methods: We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from winter Landsat imagery to construct a time series of maps showing spatial changes in redcedar abundance and distribution from 1982 to 2017 in both riparian and upland habitats along the MNRR. We determined how environmental factors (e.g., soil drainage ability, flood recurrence interval, 1980s LULC, lateral distance to the river, and channel incision) have influenced current (2017) redcedar occurrence and abundance in riparian habitats using random forest models (RFM).
Results: Time-series maps indicated that detectable redcedar cover occurred over less than 5% of the study area before 1985, increased steadily from 1985 to 2000, and more than tripled from 2000 to 2010. After 2010, redcedar abundance continued to increase in upland areas but declined following the 2011 Missouri River flood in the floodplain. RFMs indicated that river incision, distance to the river, soil drainage, 1984 LULC, and flood recurrence interval were important features influencing redcedar occurrence and abundance in the floodplain.
Conclusion: Unless preventive measures are implemented, lack of floods and ongoing flow regulation will enable the continued spread of redcedar along the MNRR and other regulated rivers in the eastern Great Plains.
Many studies have noted differences in microbes associated with animals reared in captivity compared to their wild counterparts, but few studies have examined how microbes change when animals are reintroduced to the wild after captive rearing. As captive assurance populations and reintroduction programs increase, a better understanding of how microbial symbionts respond during animal translocations is critical. We examined changes in microbes associated with boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas), a threatened amphibian, after reintroduction to the wild following captive rearing. Previous studies demonstrate that developmental life stage is an important factor in amphibian microbiomes. We collected 16S marker-gene sequencing datasets to investigate: (i) comparisons of the skin, mouth, and fecal bacteria of boreal toads across four developmental life stages in captivity and the wild, (ii) tadpole skin bacteria before and after reintroduction to the wild, and (iii) adult skin bacteria during reintroduction to the wild. We demonstrated that differences occur across skin, fecal, and mouth bacterial communities in captive versus wild boreal toads, and that the degree of difference depends on developmental stage. Skin bacterial communities from captive tadpoles were more similar to their wild counterparts than captive post-metamorphic individuals were to their wild counterparts. When captive-reared tadpoles were introduced to a wild site, their skin bacteria changed rapidly to resemble wild tadpoles. Similarly, the skin bacterial communities of reintroduced adult boreal toads also shifted to resemble those of wild toads. Our results indicate that a clear microbial signature of captivity in amphibians does not persist after release into natural habitat.
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and permanent, inelastic strain on materials, potentially resulting in ruptures that may promote hazards such as landslides and other collapse events. However, the accumulation of damage in rocks under the frequency and amplitude of shaking experienced during earthquake events is rarely systematically measured due to technical limitations. Here, we characterize damage evolution during laboratory experiments on a suite of dacitic rocks from Unzen volcano, Japan, to help resolve accumulated damage and landslide susceptibility of lava domes during regional earthquake events. Damage was imparted during slow (time-dependent creep) and fast (stress-oscillation earthquake simulations) uniaxial loading in compression and tension. Damage evolution is approximated from strain during experiments; all samples accumulate strain during earthquake events, but microfracture-dominated samples tend to be more susceptible to damage than vesicle-dominated samples. The orientation of existing fabrics with respect to loading direction dictates the magnitude of strain accumulation under load oscillations. During each “earthquake” experiment of multiple dynamic stress-oscillations, samples accumulate inelastic strain. The strain imparted during each successive event is initially high and then reduces after 5-7 events, except when stressing results in failure. The strain rate during phases of intermittent stressing tends to be higher than prior to them. Understanding the accumulation of damage and the potential for brittle failure of rocks subjected to earthquakes can help define the origin and timing of certain landslides, rockfalls, lava dome collapses, and other failure events.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Aberdeen","doi":"10.55575/tektonika2023.1.1.10","usgsCitation":"Schaefer, L.N., Kendrick, J.E., Lavallee, Y., Schauroth, J., Lamb, O.D., Lamur, A., Miwa, T., and Kennedy, B.M., 2023, Laboratory simulation of earthquake-induced damage in lava dome rocks: Tektonika, v. 1, no. 1, p. 112-126, https://doi.org/10.55575/tektonika2023.1.1.10.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"112","endPage":"126","ipdsId":"IP-142493","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443423,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.55575/tektonika2023.1.1.10","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435322,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P94CMZVO","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for Laboratory simulation of earthquake-induced damage in lava dome rocks"},{"id":417329,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","otherGeospatial":"Mt. 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2023 - Flood-inundation maps for the Muddy River, near Moapa, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-06T21:08:05.364807","indexId":"sir20235033","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-23T07:43:02","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5033","displayTitle":"Flood-Inundation Maps for the Muddy River, near Moapa, Nevada","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Muddy River, near Moapa, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Muddy River provides habitat for several wildlife and endemic aquatic species protected under the Endangered Species Act. Near Moapa, Nevada, in the Bureau of Land Management’s Muddy River Floodplain Restoration Project Area, a previously constructed levee on the east side of the river alters the natural hydrology and decreases connectivity between the river and its floodplain. The Bureau of Land Management is interested in restoring the project area to a more natural state and proposed removing the existing levee (at the time of this study in 2019) on the east bank of the river and replacing it with a new levee farther away from the river. The 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, and 1-percent annual exceedance probability flood streamflows were estimated based on a flood-frequency analysis of a streamgage in the study area. River cross-sections were surveyed and combined with a digital elevation model of the floodplains to create a coupled one- and two-dimensional hydraulic model of the study area. The estimated flood streamflows were used as inputs in the hydraulic model to simulate how flood-inundation extents would change with the proposed restoration. Simulated inundation extents expand with increasing flood magnitudes, with nearly the entire valley inundated by the 2-percent flood streamflow. Within the project area, inundation extents with restoration increased on the east floodplain and decreased on the west floodplain for the 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, and 1-percent flood streamflows. Outside the Muddy River Floodplain Restoration Project Area, inundation extents decreased with restoration east of the project area for the 20- and 10-percent flood streamflows, but changes in extent for larger streamflows were minor because most of the streamflow leaves the main river channel upstream of the restoration area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235033","usgsCitation":"Morris, C.M., and Childres, H.K., 2023, Flood-inundation maps for the Muddy River, near Moapa, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5033, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235033.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 22 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-104618","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416999,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5033/sir20235033.pdf","text":"Report","size":"23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":417002,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5033/images"},{"id":416997,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K68IWI","text":"Geospatial data, flood-frequency analysis, and surface-water model archive for flood-inundation maps of the Muddy River, near Moapa, Nevada","description":"Morris, C.M., 2023, Geospatial data, flood-frequency analysis, and surface-water model archive for flood-inundation maps of the Muddy River, near Moapa, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey data release, at https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K68IWI."},{"id":417000,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5033/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":417001,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5033/sir20235033.xml"},{"id":417003,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235033/full"},{"id":500898,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114737.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Moapa","otherGeospatial":"Muddy River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.716667,\n 36.723611\n ],\n [\n -114.716667,\n 36.675\n ],\n [\n -114.675,\n 36.675\n ],\n [\n -114.675,\n 36.723611\n ],\n [\n -114.716667,\n 36.723611\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Road
Carson City, Nevada 89701
The winter rainy season of 2016–2017 brought abundant rainfall to the State of California and to the San Francisco Bay region. In January and February of 2017, intense rainfall from strong winter storms saturated soils in the region and triggered thousands of shallow landslides. The highest concentration of these landslides was in the eastern part of the bay region, where landslides in the hills east of the Cities of Richmond, Berkeley, Oakland, Hayward, and Fremont (see main map for locations) damaged homes, displaced a major electrical transmission-line tower, and blocked several heavily traveled roadways.
This map shows 8,928 landslides manually mapped from rectified high-resolution (0.25-meter [m]) satellite imagery (March 11, 2017, from Google Earth) in a three-dimensional geographic information system (GIS) framework. The map area encompasses approximately 1,050 square kilometers (km2), bounded by the Carquinez Strait and San Francisco Bay to the north and west, respectively, and extending to the Interstate Highway 680 corridor to the south and east. Individual landslides were mapped as polygons, but for ease of display, they are shown here as points denoting the highest elevation of each landslide headscarp. The greatest calculated landslide concentration (measured as the total number of landslides per unit area) exceeded 80 landslides per 0.25 km2 in the hills east of the City of Berkeley. This zone is illustrated on the map in red, a color which denotes areas of greater than or equal to 30 landslides per 0.25 km2. The source area and deposit polygon datasets are available as a data release (Corbett and Collins, 2023). Complementary field investigations at more than 150 landslides of those displayed here indicate that most mapped landslides are shallow (less than 1 m deep) debris slides and debris flows. Although most landslides occurred in undeveloped areas (for example, parks and open space), about 1,400 landslides, or 16 percent of the total number, affected structures or infrastructure (including paved and dirt roads) in some way. The inset figures (figs. 1–5) show photographs taken in January and February 2017 that depict some areas of damage that occurred during and after the storms; the locations of where these photographs were taken are shown on the map.
In the San Francisco Bay region, landslides usually take place each year during the winter rainy season, but widespread, intense rainfall events such as those whose effects are depicted here typically occur as a result of considerably above-average precipitation conditions. Although the landslides of early 2017 are not the most damaging to affect the region historically, they are still a potent reminder of the potential for landslide hazards present in the San Francisco Bay region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3503","usgsCitation":"Corbett, S.C., and Collins, B.D., 2023, Landslides triggered by the 2016–2017 storm season, eastern San Francisco Bay region, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3503, scale 1:75,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3503.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 37.12 x 44.88 inches; Data Release","ipdsId":"IP-126449","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417161,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3503/sim3503_sheet.pdf","text":"Report","size":"35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":417160,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3503/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":417163,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98MVEGI","text":"Mapped polygons of landslides triggered by the 2016–2017 storm season, eastern San Francisco Bay region, California","description":"Corbett, S.C., and Collins, B.D., 2023, Mapped polygons of landslides triggered by the 2016–2017 storm season, eastern San Francisco Bay region, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XPA7UC."},{"id":500209,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114739.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"eastern San Francisco Bay region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.86773652737136,\n 37.59196580130809\n ],\n [\n -121.95011125798024,\n 37.760393221950594\n ],\n [\n -122.01875686682075,\n 37.85530428686653\n ],\n [\n -122.03935054947307,\n 38.00420363734628\n ],\n [\n -122.06680879300936,\n 38.03935395235649\n ],\n [\n -122.23842281511067,\n 38.06908335518102\n ],\n [\n -122.35855263058198,\n 38.006908106324346\n ],\n [\n -122.43406280030648,\n 37.96362463343144\n ],\n [\n -122.37571403279212,\n 37.88781713463695\n ],\n [\n -122.23842281511067,\n 37.790235557897105\n ],\n [\n -122.07024107345114,\n 37.64905661408321\n ],\n [\n -121.95011125798024,\n 37.551159813602936\n ],\n [\n -121.86773652737136,\n 37.59196580130809\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
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In contrast to many other arid region rivers, streamflow in the South Platte River is heavily augmented by trans-basin water imports and irrigation return flows. Hydrological changes began in the 1880s, resulting in channel narrowing and the development of a continuous Populus-Salix forest by the mid-twentieth century. We assessed the composition, structure and regeneration status of the riparian forest and identified environmental variables affecting annual Populus deltoides tree growth. We sampled forest structure at four sites in 2015, and conducted dendroecological analysis at seven additional sites in 2019. The riparian forest was dominated by P. deltoides, which occurred at all sites, comprising 79% of total tree basal area and 62% of total tree density. Age structure data indicated ongoing though episodic recruitment of P. deltoides, at least over the past ~130 years. We tested 14 linear mixed effects models to describe the effect of climate and streamflow on individual tree growth (modeled as the log of BAI, n = 237 trees). The most parsimonious model selected with AICc explained 28.6% of BAI variability, and included hydrology and climate factors during the growing season (i.e., June–August streamflow, June–July PDSI), some aspects of off-season (i.e., previous November and March) streamflow, along with tree age and study site effects. The riparian forest developed in response to, and has been maintained by, current climate conditions and water management regimes. It may be negatively affected by future climate change and increased urban water demand in the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.4151","usgsCitation":"Christensen, C., Katz, G.L., Friedman, J.M., Redmond, M.D., and Norton, A.S., 2023, No evidence for cottonwood forest decline along a flow-augmented western U.S. river: River Research and Applications, v. 39, no. 8, p. 1602-1615, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4151.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1602","endPage":"1615","ipdsId":"IP-147312","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443426,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4151","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":417328,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"South Platte River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n 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0000-0002-1329-0663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":44495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Redmond, Miranda D.","contributorId":303083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Redmond","given":"Miranda","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Norton, Andrew S.","contributorId":171631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norton","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70250500,"text":"70250500 - 2023 - Taming wildfires in the context of climate change: The case of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T13:10:27.462286","indexId":"70250500","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-23T07:09:12","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Taming wildfires in the context of climate change: The case of the United States","docAbstract":"In this study, we compare the Southern California Earthquake Center CyberShake platform against the Next Generation Attenuation‐West2 empirical datasets. Because the CyberShake and empirical datasets cover very different magnitude ranges and site conditions, we develop ground‐motion models (GMMs) for CyberShake datasets to compare trends with empirical GMMs and decompose the residuals for further analysis. We apply mixed effects regression to four CyberShake datasets in southern, central, and northern California at 2, 3, 5, and 10 s periods, and compare the results with the empirical datasets using the same approach. CyberShake captures the total variability of ground motions in the empirical datasets but tends to predict larger median ground motions relative to the empirical GMMs. We then calculate and compare the repeatable source‐specific location, site, and path effects between CyberShake and empirical datasets. We find that the correlations of site effects between the CyberShake and empirical datasets are generally satisfactory, but the variability of site effects is slightly smaller for CyberShake datasets. There is no apparent correlation of source‐specific location effects between the CyberShake and empirical datasets. Comparison of path effects shows a wide range of correlation coefficients. Finally, we investigate the source of observed differences between the CyberShake and empirical datasets. We attribute the larger median ground‐motion levels in CyberShake to a combination of the homogeneous slip patterns of the earthquake ruptures, the low resolution of near‐surface materials in the velocity models, and strong reflections at high‐contrast boundaries in the velocity models. These factors also impact the correlations of site and path effects between the CyberShake and empirical datasets. Moreover, the leakage from location effects into site and path terms further weakens the correlations. In summary, we find that CyberShake could be improved, but it is still very useful to supplement empirical datasets for ground‐motion studies, especially to inform their nonergodic components.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120220049","usgsCitation":"Meng, X., Goulet, C., Milner, K.R., Graves, R., and Callaghan, S., 2023, Comparison of nonergodic ground-motion components from CyberShake and NGA-West2 datasets in California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 113, no. 3, p. 1152-1175, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120220049.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1152","endPage":"1175","ipdsId":"IP-140662","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417292,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, J. Michael","contributorId":304963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"J. 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SSAs must include climate information, because climate is a factor that will impact species in the future. To aid in the inclusion of climate information, a decision support system (DSS) entitled Climate Analysis and Visualization for the Assessment of Species Status (CAnVAS) was developed by the State Climate Office of North Carolina using a coproduction approach. In this study, users viewed a mock-up version of the CAnVAS interface displaying a sample layout of future projections for three key climate variables (average precipitation, average maximum temperature, and occurrence of maximum temperature) at a location of interest. This assessment of the pilot version of the CAnVAS DSS was the first step in refining CAnVAS for species-manager use. This research analyzed the differences in usability between two pilot versions of the CAnVAS DSS through eye tracking and subsequent interviews with novice users. The two pilot versions of CAnVAS differed in the way data were displayed on graphs and the color ramps used on regional maps. We found that graphically displaying temporal climate information through box-and-whisker plots and spatially through a sequential color ramp from white to purple were more effective than alternative displays at communicating climate information on endangered species. The results of this research will be used to further develop the CAnVAS DSS tool for future implementation.","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/WCAS-D-22-0010.1","usgsCitation":"Cashwell, H.J., McNeal, K.S., Dello, K., Boyles, R., and Davis, C., 2023, User engagement testing with a pilot decision support tool aimed to support species managers: Weather, Climate, and Society, v. 15, no. 2, p. 327-338, https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-22-0010.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"338","ipdsId":"IP-137275","costCenters":[{"id":40926,"text":"Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0010.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":417289,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cashwell, Haven J.","contributorId":305618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cashwell","given":"Haven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13360,"text":"Auburn University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNeal, Karen S.","contributorId":305619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNeal","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13360,"text":"Auburn University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dello, Kathie","contributorId":224723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dello","given":"Kathie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25510,"text":"NC State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyles, Ryan 0000-0001-9272-867X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9272-867X","contributorId":221983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyles","given":"Ryan","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, Corey","contributorId":221987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Corey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70243802,"text":"70243802 - 2023 - People need freshwater biodiversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-22T12:10:06.74952","indexId":"70243802","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-22T06:59:41","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5067,"text":"WIREs Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"People need freshwater biodiversity","docAbstract":"Freshwater biodiversity, from fish to frogs and microbes to macrophytes, provides a vast array of services to people. Mounting concerns focus on the accelerating pace of biodiversity loss and declining ecological function within freshwater ecosystems that continue to threaten these natural benefits. Here, we catalog nine fundamental ecosystem services that the biotic components of indigenous freshwater biodiversity provide to people, organized into three categories: material (food; health and genetic resources; material goods), non-material (culture; education and science; recreation), and regulating (catchment integrity; climate regulation; water purification and nutrient cycling). If freshwater biodiversity is protected, conserved, and restored in an integrated manner, as well as more broadly appreciated by humanity, it will continue to contribute to human well-being and our sustainable future via this wide range of services and associated nature-based solutions to our sustainable future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wat2.1633","usgsCitation":"Lynch, A., Cooke, S., Arthington, A.H., Baigun, C., Bossenbroek, L., Dickens, C., Harrison, I., Kimirei, I., Langhans, S.D., Murchie, K.J., Olden, J., Ormerod, S.J., Owuor, M., Raghavan, R., Samways, M.J., Schinegger, R., Sharma, S., Tachamo-Shah, R., Tickner, D., Tweddle, D., Young, N., and Jahnig, S.C., 2023, People need freshwater biodiversity: WIREs Water, v. 10, no. 3, e1633, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1633.","productDescription":"e1633, 31 p.","ipdsId":"IP-140324","costCenters":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1633","text":"Publisher Index 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gradients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-05T11:44:56.309185","indexId":"70248071","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-22T06:41:59","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3563,"text":"The ISME Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permafrost microbial communities and functional genes are structured by latitudinal and soil geochemical gradients","docAbstract":"Permafrost underlies approximately one quarter of Northern Hemisphere terrestrial surfaces and contains 25–50% of the global soil carbon (C) pool. Permafrost soils and the C stocks within are vulnerable to ongoing and future projected climate warming. The biogeography of microbial communities inhabiting permafrost has not been examined beyond a small number of sites focused on local-scale variation. Permafrost is different from other soils. Perennially frozen conditions in permafrost dictate that microbial communities do not turn over quickly, thus possibly providing strong linkages to past environments. Thus, the factors structuring the composition and function of microbial communities may differ from patterns observed in other terrestrial environments. Here, we analyzed 133 permafrost metagenomes from North America, Europe, and Asia. Permafrost biodiversity and taxonomic distribution varied in relation to pH, latitude and soil depth. The distribution of genes differed by latitude, soil depth, age, and pH. Genes that were the most highly variable across all sites were associated with energy metabolism and C-assimilation. Specifically, methanogenesis, fermentation, nitrate reduction, and replenishment of citric acid cycle intermediates. This suggests that adaptations to energy acquisition and substrate availability are among some of the strongest selective pressures shaping permafrost microbial communities. The spatial variation in metabolic potential has primed communities for specific biogeochemical processes as soils thaw due to climate change, which could cause regional- to global- scale variation in C and nitrogen processing and greenhouse gas emissions.
Translocation, often a management solution reserved for at-risk species, is a highly time-sensitive intervention in the face of a rapidly changing climate. The definition of abiotic and biotic habitat requirements is essential to the selection of appropriate release sites in novel environments. However, field-based approaches to gathering this information are often too time intensive, especially in areas of complex topography where common, coarse-scale climate models lack essential details. We apply a fine-scale remote sensing-based approach to study the 'akikiki (Oreomystis bairdi) and 'akeke'e (Loxops caeruleirostris), Hawaiian honeycreepers endemic to Kaua'i that are experiencing large-scale population declines due to warming-induced spread of invasive disease. We use habitat suitability modeling based on fine-scale light detection and ranging (lidar)-derived habitat structure metrics to refine coarse climate ranges for these species in candidate translocation areas on Maui. We found that canopy density was consistently the most important variable in defining habitat suitability for the two Kaua'i species. Our models also corroborated known habitat preferences and behavioral information for these species that are essential for informing translocation. We estimated a nesting habitat that will persist under future climate conditions on east Maui of 23.43 km2 for 'akikiki, compared to the current Kaua'i range of 13.09 km2. In contrast, the novel nesting range for 'akeke'e in east Maui was smaller than its current range on Kaua'i (26.29 vs. 38.48 km2, respectively). We were also able to assess detailed novel competitive interactions at a fine scale using models of three endemic Maui species of conservation concern: 'ākohekohe (Palmeria dolei), Maui 'alauahio (Paroreomyza montana), and kiwikiu (Pseudonestor xanthophrys). Weighted overlap areas between the species from both islands were moderate (<12 km2), and correlations between Maui and Kaua'i bird habitat were generally low, indicating limited potential for competition. Results indicate that translocation to east Maui could be a viable option for 'akikiki but would be more uncertain for 'akeke'e. Our novel multifaceted approach allows for the timely analysis of both climate and vegetation structure at informative scales for the effective selection of appropriate translocation sites for at-risk species.
The total concentration of dissolved constituents in water is routinely quantified by measurements of salinity or total dissolved solids (TDS). However, salinity and TDS are operationally defined by their analytical methods and are not equivalent for most waters. Furthermore, multiple methods are available to determine salinity and TDS, and these methods have inherent differences. TDS is defined as the mass of anhydrous residue remaining in a sample vessel after evaporation and subsequent oven drying at a defined temperature. Salinity is a measure of the mass of dissolved salts in a given mass of solution. In addition, there are approaches that quantify the total solute (TS) concentration, including gases. The purpose of this study is to develop a proxy method using specific conductance and major-ion water type to reliably predict salinity, TDS, and/or TS. Thus, we compared several methods to calculate salinity, TDS, and TS for 6391 surface water samples and conclude the following: TDS measurements are best suited for studies of anhydrous residue (e.g., evaporites); salinity determined by summing the speciated ion concentrations, termed S∑spec, is the most comprehensive method to represent the concentration of dissolved constituents in natural waters; and TS determinations are useful if dissolved CO2 and other gases are of interest. Thus, we utilized S∑spec to compare differences between the various salinity, TDS, and TS methods, and to develop a new proxy method to predict salinity based on specific conductance (SC) and major ion water type, termed SSC_WT. For the surface waters used in this study, the median difference between TDS and S∑Spec was between −19% and −24%, depending on the method. The median difference between SSC_WT and S∑Spec was −2.4% for the samples in this study. The SSC_WT approach is cost effective, rapid, and capable of providing reliable real-time salinity determinations at surface water sites where SC data are available and water type is known.
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