Identifying the sources and impacts of organic and inorganic contaminants at the watershed scale is a complex challenge because of the multitude of processes occurring in time and space. Investigation of geochemical transformations requires a systematic evaluation of hydrologic, landscape, and anthropogenic factors. The 1160 km2 Boulder Creek Watershed in the Colorado Front Range encompasses a gradient of geology, ecotypes, climate, and urbanization. Streamflow originates primarily as snowmelt and shows substantial annual variation. Water samples were collected along a 70-km transect during spring-runoff and base-flow conditions, and analyzed for major elements, trace elements, bulk organics, organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs), and pesticides. Major-element and trace-element concentrations were low in the headwaters, increased through the urban corridor, and had a step increase downstream from the first major wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Boron, gadolinium, and lithium were useful inorganic tracers of anthropogenic inputs. Effluent from the WWTP accounted for as much as 75% of the flow in Boulder Creek and was the largest chemical input. Under both hydrological conditions, OWCs and pesticides were detected in Boulder Creek downstream from the WWTP outfall as well as in the headwater region, and loads of anthropogenic-derived contaminants increased as basin population density increased. This report documents a suite of potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals in a reach of stream with native fish populations showing indication of endocrine disruption.
Nitrification was measured within a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, MA, using a series of single-well injection tests. The aquifer contained a wastewater-derived contaminant plume, the core of which was anoxic and contained ammonium. The study was conducted near the downgradient end of the ammonium zone, which was characterized by inversely trending vertical gradients of oxygen (270 to 0 μM) and ammonium (19 to 625 μM) and appeared to be a potentially active zone for nitrification. The tests were conducted by injecting a tracer solution (ambient ground water + added constituents) into selected locations within the gradients using multilevel samplers. After injection, the tracers moved by natural ground water flow and were sampled with time from the injection port. Rates of nitrification were determined from changes in nitrate and nitrite concentration relative to bromide. Initial tests were conducted with 15N-enriched ammonium; subsequent tests examined the effect of adding ammonium, nitrite, or oxygen above background concentrations and of adding difluoromethane, a nitrification inhibitor. In situ net nitrate production exceeded net nitrite production by 3- to 6- fold and production rates of both decreased in the presence of difluoromethane. Nitrification rates were 0.02–0.28 μmol (L aquifer)−1 h−1 with in situ oxygen concentrations and up to 0.81 μmol (L aquifer)−1 h−1 with non-limiting substrate concentrations. Geochemical considerations indicate that the rates derived from single-well injection tests yielded overestimates of in situ rates, possibly because the injections promoted small-scale mixing within a transport-limited reaction zone. Nonetheless, these tests were useful for characterizing ground water nitrification in situ and for comparing potential rates of activity when the tracer cloud included non-limiting ammonium and oxygen concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00248-004-0159-7","issn":"00953628","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.L., Baumgartner, L., Miller, D., Repert, D., and Böhlke, J., 2006, Assessment of nitrification potential in ground water using short term, single-well injection experiments: Microbial Ecology, v. 51, no. 1, p. 22-35, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-004-0159-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"35","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211615,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-004-0159-7"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee43e4b0c8380cd49c71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baumgartner, L.K.","contributorId":93695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baumgartner","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, D.N.","contributorId":36324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Repert, D.A.","contributorId":78506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repert","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030971,"text":"70030971 - 2006 - Redox potential characterization and soil greenhouse gas concentration across a hydrological gradient in a Gulf coast forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030971","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Redox potential characterization and soil greenhouse gas concentration across a hydrological gradient in a Gulf coast forest","docAbstract":"Soil redox potential (Eh), concentrations of oxygen (O2) and three greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O) were measured in the soil profile of a coastal forest at ridge, transition, and swamp across a hydrological gradient. The results delineated a distinct boundary in soil Eh and O2 concentration between the ridge and swamp with essentially no overlap between the two locations. Critical soil Eh to initiate significant CH4 production under this field conditions was about +300 mV, much higher than in the homogenous soils (about -150 mV). The strength of CH4 source to the atmosphere was strong for the swamp, minor for the transition, and negligible or even negative (consumption) for the ridge. Maximum N2O concentration in the soils was found at about Eh +250 mV, and the soil N2O emission was estimated to account for less than 4% for the ridge and transition, and almost negligible for the swamp in the cumulative global warming potential (GWP) of these three gases. The dynamic nature of this study site in response to water table fluctuations across a hydrological gradient makes it an ideal model of impact of future sea level rise to coastal ecosystems. Soil carbon (C) sequestration potential due to increasing soil water content upon sea level rise and subsidence in this coastal forest was likely limited and temporal, and at the expense of increasing soil CH4 production and emission. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.05.033","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Yu, K., Faulkner, S., and Patrick, W., 2006, Redox potential characterization and soil greenhouse gas concentration across a hydrological gradient in a Gulf coast forest: Chemosphere, v. 62, no. 6, p. 905-914, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.05.033.","startPage":"905","endPage":"914","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211477,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.05.033"},{"id":238772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3c0e4b0e8fec6cdb961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yu, K.","contributorId":23756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faulkner, S.P.","contributorId":55190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patrick, W.H. Jr.","contributorId":78540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"W.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030972,"text":"70030972 - 2006 - Partitioning evapotranspiration in sparsely vegetated rangeland using a portable chamber","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:38:39","indexId":"70030972","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Partitioning evapotranspiration in sparsely vegetated rangeland using a portable chamber","docAbstract":"A portable chamber was used to separate evapotranspiration (ET) from a sparse, mixed‐species shrub canopy in southeastern Arizona, United States, into vegetation and soil components. Chamber measurements were made of ET from the five dominant species, and from bare soil, on 3 days during the monsoon season when the soil surface was dry. The chamber measurements were assembled into landscape ET using a simple geometric model of the vegetated land surface. Chamber estimates of landscape ET were well correlated with, but about 26% greater than, simultaneous eddy‐correlation measurements. Excessive air speed inside the chamber appears to be the primary cause of the overestimate. Overall, transpiration accounted for 84% of landscape ET, and bare soil evaporation for 16%. Desert zinnia, a small (∼0.1 m high) but abundant species, was the greatest water user, both per unit area of shrub and of landscape. Partitioning of ETinto components varied as a function of air temperature and shallow soil moisture. Transpiration from shorter species was more highly correlated with air temperature whereas transpiration from taller species was more highly correlated with shallow soil moisture. Application of these results to a full drying cycle between rainfalls at a similar site suggests that during the monsoon, ET at such sites may be about equally partitioned between transpiration and bare soil evaporation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004251","usgsCitation":"Stannard, D.I., and Weltz, M.A., 2006, Partitioning evapotranspiration in sparsely vegetated rangeland using a portable chamber: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 2, W02413; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004251.","productDescription":"W02413; 13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477392,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004251","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a753ee4b0c8380cd77a77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stannard, David I. distanna@usgs.gov","contributorId":562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stannard","given":"David","email":"distanna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weltz, Mark A.","contributorId":75790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weltz","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030999,"text":"70030999 - 2006 - Sulfate deposition in subsurface regolith in Gusev crater, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T09:04:37","indexId":"70030999","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfate deposition in subsurface regolith in Gusev crater, Mars","docAbstract":"Excavating into the shallow Martian subsurface has the potential to expose stratigraphic layers and mature regolith, which may hold a record of more ancient aqueous interactions than those expected under current Martian surface conditions. During the Spirit rover's exploration of Gusev crater, rover wheels were used to dig three trenches into the subsurface regolith down to 6-11 cm depth: Road Cut, the Big Hole, and The Boroughs. A high oxidation state of Fe and high concentrations of Mg, S, Cl, and Br were found in the subsurface regolith within the two trenches on the plains, between the Bonneville crater and the foot of Columbia Hills. Data analyses on the basis of geochemistry and mineralogy observations suggest the deposition of sulfate minerals within the subsurface regolith, mainly Mg-sulfates accompanied by minor Ca-sulfates and perhaps Fe-sulfates. An increase of Fe2O3, an excess of SiO2, and a minor decrease in the olivine proportion relative to surface materials are also inferred. Three hypotheses are proposed to explain the geochemical trends observed in trenches: (1) multiple episodes of acidic fluid infiltration, accompanied by in situ interaction with igneous minerals and salt deposition; (2) an open hydrologic system characterized by ion transportation in the fluid, subsequent evaporation of the fluid, and salt deposition; and (3) emplacement and mixing of impact ejecta of variable composition. While all three may have plausibly contributed to the current state of the subsurface regolith, the geochemical data are most consistent with ion transportation by fluids and salt deposition as a result of open-system hydrologic behavior. Although sulfates make up >20 wt.% of the regolith in the wall of The Boroughs trench, a higher hydrated sulfate than kieserite within The Boroughs or a greater abundance of sulfates elsewhere than is seen in The Boroughs wall regolith would be needed to hold the structural water indicated by the water-equivalent hydrogen concentration observed by the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer on Odyssey in the Gusev region.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2005JE002513","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Wang, A., Haskin, L., Squyres, S.W., Jolliff, B., Crumpler, L., Gellert, R., Schroder, C., Herkenhoff, K.E., Hurowitz, J., Tosca, N., Farrand, W.H., Anderson, R., and Knudson, A., 2006, Sulfate deposition in subsurface regolith in Gusev crater, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 111, no. E2, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002513.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477418,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005je002513","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gusev crater; Mars","volume":"111","issue":"E2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dc0e4b08c986b31da54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, A.","contributorId":46735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haskin, L.A.","contributorId":74926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haskin","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jolliff, B.L.","contributorId":21268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolliff","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crumpler, L.","contributorId":59545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crumpler","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gellert, Ralf","contributorId":35049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gellert","given":"Ralf","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":429577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schroder, C.","contributorId":67201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hurowitz, J.","contributorId":17742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurowitz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tosca, N.J.","contributorId":17354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosca","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Farrand, W. H.","contributorId":64372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Anderson, R.","contributorId":104191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Knudson, A.T.","contributorId":15746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudson","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70031000,"text":"70031000 - 2006 - Determination of uranyl incorporation into biogenic manganese oxides using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scattering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T09:58:58","indexId":"70031000","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of uranyl incorporation into biogenic manganese oxides using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scattering","docAbstract":"Βiogenic manganese oxides are common and an important source of reactive mineral surfaces in the environment that may be potentially enhanced in bioremediation cases to improve natural attenuation. Experiments were performed in which the uranyl ion, UO22+ (U(VI)), at various concentrations was present during manganese oxide biogenesis. At all concentrations, there was strong uptake of U onto the oxides. Synchrotron-based extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were carried out to determine the molecular-scale mechanism by which uranyl is incorporated into the oxide and how this incorporation affects the resulting manganese oxide structure and mineralogy. The EXAFS experiments show that at low concentrations (<0.3 mol % U, <1 μM U(VI) in solution), U(VI) is present as a strong bidentate surface complex. At high concentrations (>2 mol % U, >4 μM U(VI) in solution), the presence of U(VI) affects the stability and structure of the Mn oxide to form poorly ordered Mn oxide tunnel structures, similar to todorokite. EXAFS modeling shows that uranyl is present in these oxides predominantly in the tunnels of the Mn oxide structure in a tridentate complex. Observations by XRD corroborate these results. Structural incorporation may lead to more stable U(VI) sequestration that may be suitable for remediation uses. These observations, combined with the very high uptake capacity of the Mn oxides, imply that Mn-oxidizing bacteria may significantly influence dissolved U(VI) concentrations in impacted waters via sorption and incorporation into Mn oxide biominerals.
Sediments from two shallow, methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE)–contaminated aquifers, with mean ground water temperatures ∼10°C, demonstrated significant mineralization of [U‐14C] MTBE to 14CO2 at incubation temperatures as low as 4°C. These results indicate that microbial degradation can continue to contribute to the attenuation of MTBE in ground water under wintertime, low‐temperature conditions.
Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world, being routinely applied to control weeds in both agricultural and urban settings. Microbial degradation of glyphosate produces aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA). The high polarity and water-solubility of glyphosate and AMPA has, until recently, made their analysis in water samples problematic. Thus, compared to other herbicides (e.g. atrazine) there are relatively few studies on the environmental occurrence of glyphosate and AMPA. In 2002, treated effluent samples were collected from 10 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to study the occurrence of glyphosate and AMPA. Stream samples were collected upstream and downstream of the 10 WWTPs. Two reference streams were also sampled. The results document the apparent contribution of WWTP effluent to stream concentrations of glyphosate and AMPA, with roughly a two-fold increase in their frequencies of detection between stream samples collected upstream and those collected downstream of the WWTPs. Thus, urban use of glyphosate contributes to glyphosate and AMPA concentrations in streams in the United States. Overall, AMPA was detected much more frequently (67.5%) compared to glyphosate (17.5%).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.01.028","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D., Thurman, E., Lee, E., Meyer, M.T., Furlong, E., and Glassmeyer, S., 2006, Urban contributions of glyphosate and its degradate AMPA to streams in the United States: Science of the Total Environment, v. 354, no. 2-3, p. 191-197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.01.028.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"197","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238880,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": 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Natural and anthropogenic changes in hydrology and geomorphology at local and landscape levels have reduced the productivity in many of these coastal wetland forests areas and have caused the complete loss of forest cover in some places. A summary and interpretation of the available science, suggestions for policy change, and a multidisciplinary (multi-responsibility) approach were needed to address these issues [in the context of private land]. In response, the Louisiana Governor's office formed a Coastal Wetland Forest Conservation and Use Science Working Group (SWG) and an associated Advisory Panel to provide the Governor with information and suggestions of strategies for environmental and economic utilization, conservation, and protection of Louisiana's coastal wetland forest ecosystem in the long-term. The process of engaging scientists, resource managers, and other stakeholders in this effort is described, and the recommendations of the SWG are presented relative to forestry practices and the potential for sustainable management of coastal wetland forests.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and management of forested wetlands - Proceeding of the international conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Conference on Hydrology and Management of Forested Wetlands","conferenceDate":"April 8-12, 2006","conferenceLocation":"New Bern, NC","language":"English","publisher":"ASABE","doi":"10.13031/2013.20309","isbn":"1892769530; 9781892769534","usgsCitation":"Chambers, J.L., Conner, W., Keim, R., Faulkner, S., Day, J., Gardiner, E., Hughes, M., King, S., McLeod, K., Miller, C., Nyman, J., and Shaffer, G., 2006, Towards sustainable management of Louisiana's coastal wetland forests: Problems, constraints, and a new beginning, in Hydrology and management of forested wetlands - Proceeding of the international conference, New Bern, NC, April 8-12, 2006, p. 150-157, https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.20309.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"150","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.835205078125,\n 30.732392734006083\n ],\n [\n -93.790283203125,\n 30.372875188118016\n ],\n [\n -93.834228515625,\n 29.726222319395504\n ],\n [\n -93.31787109374999,\n 29.707139348134145\n ],\n [\n -92.2412109375,\n 29.48742484748479\n ],\n [\n -92.054443359375,\n 29.516110386062277\n ],\n [\n -91.845703125,\n 29.420460341013133\n ],\n [\n -91.56005859375,\n 29.554345125748267\n ],\n [\n -91.285400390625,\n 29.180941290001776\n ],\n [\n -90.977783203125,\n 29.123373210819224\n ],\n [\n -90.648193359375,\n 28.969700808694157\n ],\n [\n -89.80224609374999,\n 29.19053283229458\n ],\n [\n -89.395751953125,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -88.890380859375,\n 29.19053283229458\n ],\n [\n -89.09912109375,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -89.56054687499999,\n 30.20211367909724\n ],\n [\n -89.835205078125,\n 30.732392734006083\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5c2e4b08c986b3268a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chambers, J. 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Our studies located in the Coastal Plain of southeastern USA, including the Atchafalaya Basin, La. (a distributary of the Mississippi River) serve as example for detailed discussion of sediment and nutrient accumulation in lowland systems. The Atchafalaya Basin is the largest contiguously forested riparian wetland in North America and is incurring high sediment loads and hypoxic zones in backswamp settings. We established several floodplain transects, located to reflect major depositional environments within the Basin, to monitor general and local sediment deposition patterns over a multi-year period. Deposition rate and loss on ignition (LOI) data were collected above artificial markers (clay pads) at multiple stations along each transect. Mean floodplain sedimentation rates ranged from about 2 to 42 mm/yr and mean percent organic material ranged from about 7 to 28 percent. The transects were categorized into statistically different deposition groups based on sedimentation rate; most of these groups could be coherently interpreted based on a suite of parameters that includes hydroperiod (elevation), source(s) of sediment-laden water, hydraulic connectivity, flow stagnation, and location in transect (levee versus backswamp). Low elevatic (long hydroperiod), high hydraulic connectivity to multiple sources of sediment-laden water, and hydraulic damming (flow stagnation) lead to the highest amounts of sediment trapping; the converse in any of these factors may diminish sediment trapping. Based on aerial extent of deposition groups, the study area (about 500 km 2) potentially traps 6.72+109 kg of sediment, annually, of which 12 percent or 8.20.108 kg are organic material. This accumulated sediment contains a coarsely estimated 5% and 27% of the annual nitrogen and phosphorus loads to the Atchafalaya Basin, respectively, and 3.7+108 kg C. Thus, the Atchafalaya Basin plays an important role in sediment storage, including the sequestration of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and Management of Forested Wetlands - Proceeding of the International Conference","conferenceTitle":"International Conference on Hydrology and Management of Forested Wetlands","conferenceDate":"8 April 2006 through 12 April 2006","conferenceLocation":"New Bern, NC","language":"English","isbn":"1892769530; 9781892769534","usgsCitation":"Hupp, C., and Noe, G., 2006, Sediment and nutrient accumulation within lowland bottomland ecosystems: An example from the Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana, in Hydrology and Management of Forested Wetlands - Proceeding of the International Conference, New Bern, NC, 8 April 2006 through 12 April 2006, p. 175-187.","startPage":"175","endPage":"187","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8954e4b08c986b316da1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, C.R. 0000-0003-1853-9197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":78775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noe, G.B.","contributorId":66464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035442,"text":"70035442 - 2006 - Water-quality characteristics and contaminants in the rural karst-dominated Spring Mill Lake watershed, southern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035442","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-quality characteristics and contaminants in the rural karst-dominated Spring Mill Lake watershed, southern Indiana","docAbstract":"The Spring Mill Lake watershed is located in the Mitchell Plateau, a karst area that developed on Mississippian carbonates in southern Indiana. Spring Mill Lake is a reservoir built in the late 1930s and is located in Spring Mill State Park. Within the park, groundwater from subsurface conduits issues as natural springs and then flows in surface streams to the lake. From 1998 to 2002, surface and subsurface hydrology and water quality were investigated to determine the types and sources of potential contaminants entering the lake. Water samples collected during base flow and a February 2000 storm event were analyzed for selected cations, anions, trace elements, selected U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) primary and secondary drinkingwater contaminants, nitrogen isotopes, suspended solids, Escherichia coli, and pesticides. All of the water samples met the EPA drinking-water standards for inorganic constituents, except those collected at five sites in August 1999 during a drought. Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations were highest during base-flow conditions and displayed a dilutional trend during peak-flow periods. The NO3-N concentrations in water samples collected during the 2001 spring fertilizer applications tended to increase from early to late spring. All of the ??15N values were low, which is indicative of either an inorganic source or soil organic matter. Storm discharge contained increased concentrations of total suspended solids; thus, storms are responsible for most of the sediment accumulation in the lake. E. coli levels in 24% of the samples analyzed contained a most probable number (MPN) greater than 235/100 mL, which is the maximum acceptable level set for recreational waters in Indiana. E. coli does appear to be a potential health risk, particularly at Rubble spring. The sources of E. coli found at this spring may include barnyard runoff from a horse barn or wastes from a wastewater treatment facility. The pesticides atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, and simazine were detected during the spring of 2001. Atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, and simazine are used to suppress weeds during corn and soybean production. Additional sources of atrazine and simazine may result from application to right-of-ways, orchards, and managed forest areas. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2006.2404(13)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Hasenmueller, N., Buehler, M., Krothe, N., Comer, J., Branam, T., Ennis, M., Smith, R., Zamani, D., Hahn, L., and Rybarczyk, J., 2006, Water-quality characteristics and contaminants in the rural karst-dominated Spring Mill Lake watershed, southern Indiana: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 404, p. 153-167, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2404(13).","startPage":"153","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215469,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2404(13)"},{"id":243277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"404","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcdd5e4b08c986b32e0f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hasenmueller, N.R.","contributorId":89950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasenmueller","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buehler, M.A.","contributorId":43588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buehler","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krothe, N.C.","contributorId":76378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krothe","given":"N.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Comer, J.B.","contributorId":34185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comer","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Branam, T.D.","contributorId":52332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branam","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ennis, M.V.","contributorId":100125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ennis","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, R.T.","contributorId":37558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zamani, D.D.","contributorId":22127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamani","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hahn, L.","contributorId":81327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rybarczyk, J.P.","contributorId":52006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybarczyk","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70035443,"text":"70035443 - 2006 - Geology of the Yucca Mountain region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035443","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2711,"text":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Yucca Mountain region","docAbstract":"Yucca Mountain has been proposed as the site for the nation's first geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste. This chapter provides the geologic framework for the Yucca Mountain region. The regional geologic units range in age from late Precambrian through Holocene, and these are described briefly. Yucca Mountain is composed dominantly of pyroclastic units that range in age from 11.4 to 15.2 Ma. The proposed repository would be constructed within the Topopah Spring Tuff, which is the lower of two major zoned and welded ash-flow tuffs within the Paintbrush Group. The two welded tuffs are separated by the partly to nonwelded Pah Canyon Tuff and Yucca Mountain Tuff, which together figure prominently in the hydrology of the unsaturated zone. The Quaternary deposits are primarily alluvial sediments with minor basaltic cinder cones and flows. Both have been studied extensively because of their importance in predicting the long-term performance of the proposed repository. Basaltic volcanism began ca. 10 Ma and continued as recently as ca. 80 ka with the eruption of cones and flows at Lathrop Wells, ???10 km south-southwest of Yucca Mountain. Geologic structure in the Yucca Mountain region is complex. During the latest Paleozoic and Mesozoic, strong compressional forces caused tight folding and thrust faulting. The present regional setting is one of extension, and normal faulting has been active from the Miocene through to the present. There are three major local tectonic domains: (1) Basin and Range, (2) Walker Lane, and (3) Inyo-Mono. Each domain has an effect on the stability of Yucca Mountain. ?? 2007 Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2007.1199(02)","issn":"00721069","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J., and O’Leary, D.W., 2006, Geology of the Yucca Mountain region: Memoir of the Geological Society of America, v. 199, p. 9-50, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.1199(02).","startPage":"9","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215498,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2007.1199(02)"},{"id":243308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"199","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a26d4e4b0c8380cd593ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, J. S.","contributorId":6060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Leary, Dennis W.","contributorId":91501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185645,"text":"70185645 - 2006 - Arsenic and selenium in microbial metabolism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T08:08:11","indexId":"70185645","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5335,"text":"Annual Review of Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic and selenium in microbial metabolism","docAbstract":"Arsenic and selenium are readily metabolized by prokaryotes, participating in a full range of metabolic functions including assimilation, methylation, detoxification, and anaerobic respiration. Arsenic speciation and mobility is affected by microbes through oxidation/reduction reactions as part of resistance and respiratory processes. A robust arsenic cycle has been demonstrated in diverse environments. Respiratory arsenate reductases, arsenic methyltransferases, and new components in arsenic resistance have been recently described. The requirement for selenium stems primarily from its incorporation into selenocysteine and its function in selenoenzymes. Selenium oxyanions can serve as an electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration, forming distinct nanoparticles of elemental selenium that may be enriched in (76)Se. The biogenesis of selenoproteins has been elucidated, and selenium methyltransferases and a respiratory selenate reductase have also been described. This review highlights recent advances in ecology, biochemistry, and molecular biology and provides a prelude to the impact of genomics studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Review","doi":"10.1146/annurev.micro.60.080805.142053","usgsCitation":"Stolz, J.F., Basu, P., Santini, J.M., and Oremland, R.S., 2006, Arsenic and selenium in microbial metabolism: Annual Review of Microbiology, v. 60, p. 107-130, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.60.080805.142053.","productDescription":"24 p. ","startPage":"107","endPage":"130","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da251be4b0543bf7fda800","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stolz, John F.","contributorId":179305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stolz","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Basu, Partha","contributorId":189834,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Basu","given":"Partha","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santini, Joanne M.","contributorId":168895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santini","given":"Joanne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70190595,"text":"70190595 - 2006 - Control of invasive weeds with prescribed burning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-08T14:45:51","indexId":"70190595","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3739,"text":"Weed Technology","onlineIssn":"1550-2740","printIssn":"0890-037X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Control of invasive weeds with prescribed burning","docAbstract":"Prescribed burning has primarily been used as a tool for the control of invasive late-season annual broadleaf and grass species, particularly yellow starthistle, medusahead, barb goatgrass, and several bromes. However, timely burning of a few invasive biennial broadleaves (e.g., sweetclover and garlic mustard), perennial grasses (e.g., bluegrasses and smooth brome), and woody species (e.g., brooms and Chinese tallow tree) also has been successful. In many cases, the effectiveness of prescribed burning can be enhanced when incorporated into an integrated vegetation management program. Although there are some excellent examples of successful use of prescribed burning for the control of invasive species, a limited number of species have been evaluated. In addition, few studies have measured the impact of prescribed burning on the long-term changes in plant communities, impacts to endangered plant species, effects on wildlife and insect populations, and alterations in soil biology, including nutrition, mycorrhizae, and hydrology. In this review, we evaluate the current state of knowledge on prescribed burning as a tool for invasive weed management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Weed Science Society of America","doi":"10.1614/WT-05-086R1.1","usgsCitation":"DiTomaso, J.M., Brooks, M.L., Allen, E.B., Minnich, R., Rice, P.M., and Kyser, G.B., 2006, Control of invasive weeds with prescribed burning: Weed Technology, v. 20, no. 2, p. 535-548, https://doi.org/10.1614/WT-05-086R1.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"548","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345592,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b3ac34e4b08b1644d8f1c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DiTomaso, Joseph M.","contributorId":72925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiTomaso","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Edith B.","contributorId":139341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Edith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12741,"text":"U of CA Dept of Botany and Plant Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minnich, Ralph","contributorId":196292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minnich","given":"Ralph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rice, Peter M.","contributorId":196293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rice","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kyser, Guy B.","contributorId":196294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kyser","given":"Guy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70175732,"text":"70175732 - 2006 - Hydroecological modeling of the Lower Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T14:37:30","indexId":"70175732","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydroecological modeling of the Lower Missouri River","docAbstract":"No abstract avaikable
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the third federal interagency hydrologic modeling conference","conferenceTitle":"Third federal interagency hydrologic modeling conference","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Johnson, H., Jacobson, R., and DeLonay, A., 2006, Hydroecological modeling of the Lower Missouri River, in Proceedings of the third federal interagency hydrologic modeling conference, Reno, NV, p. 1-8.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc66e4b03fd6b7d94c50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, H.E.","contributorId":56757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, R. B. 0000-0002-8368-2064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":92614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeLonay, A. J. 0000-0002-3752-2799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3752-2799","contributorId":34246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188286,"text":"70188286 - 2006 - Tracermodel1- Excel workbook for calculation and presentation of environmental tracer data for simple groundwater mixtures: Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology - a guidebook; Section III.10.3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-05T13:56:15","indexId":"70188286","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Tracermodel1- Excel workbook for calculation and presentation of environmental tracer data for simple groundwater mixtures: Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology - a guidebook; Section III.10.3","docAbstract":"Atmospheric environmental tracers commonly used to date groundwater on timescales of years to decades include CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, SF6, 85Kr, 3 H and 3 H/3 H0 , where 3 H0 refers to initial tritium (3 H + tritiogenic 3 He) (Cook and Herczeg, 2000). Interpretation of age from environmental tracer data may be relatively simple for a water sample with a single age, but the interpretation is more complex for a sample that is a mixture of waters of varying ages. A mixture can be a natural result of convergence of flow lines to a discharge area such as a spring or stream, or it can be an artefact of sampling a long-screen well. TRACERMODEL1 contains a worksheet that can be used to determine hypothetical concentrations of atmospheric environmental tracers in water samples with several different age distributions. It is designed to permit plotting of ages and tracer concentrations in a variety of different combinations to facilitate interpretation of measurements. TRACERMODEL1 includes several different types of graphs that are linked to the calculations. The spreadsheet and accompanying graphs can be modified for specific applications. For example, the selection of atmospheric environmental tracers can be changed to reflect analytes of interest, the input tracer data can be modified to reflect local conditions or different timescales, and the analytes of interest can include other types of non-point-source contaminants, such as nitrate (Böhlke, 2002). Previous versions of this workbook have been used to evaluate field data in studies of groundwater residence time and agricultural contamination (Böhlke and Denver, 1995; Focazio et al., 1998; Katz et al., 1999; Katz et al., 2001; Plummer et al., 2001; Böhlke and Krantz, 2003; Lindsey et al., 2003).
","language":"English","publisher":"International Atomic Energy Agency","usgsCitation":"Bohlke, J., 2006, Tracermodel1- Excel workbook for calculation and presentation of environmental tracer data for simple groundwater mixtures: Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology - a guidebook; Section III.10.3, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"243","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342110,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1238_web.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366daee4b0f6c2d0d7d64e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028910,"text":"70028910 - 2006 - Late Holocene lake-level fluctuations in Walker Lake, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028910","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Holocene lake-level fluctuations in Walker Lake, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"Walker Lake, a hydrologically closed, saline, and alkaline lake, is situated along the western margin of the Great Basin in Nevada of the western United States. Analyses of the magnetic susceptibility (??), total inorganic carbon (TIC), and oxygen isotopic composition (??18O) of carbonate sediments including ostracode shells (Limnocythere ceriotuberosa) from Walker Lake allow us to extend the sediment record of lake-level fluctuations back to 2700??years B.P. There are approximately five major stages over the course of the late Holocene hydrologic evolution in Walker Lake: an early lowstand (> 2400??years B.P.), a lake-filling period (??? 2400 to ??? 1000??years B.P.), a lake-level lowering period during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) (??? 1000 to ??? 600??years B.P.), a relatively wet period (??? 600 to ??? 100??years B.P.), and the anthropogenically induced lake-level lowering period (< 100??years B.P.). The most pronounced lowstand of Walker Lake occurred at ??? 2400??years B.P., as indicated by the relatively high values of ??18O. This is generally in agreement with the previous lower resolution paleoclimate results from Walker Lake, but contrasts with the sediment records from adjacent Pyramid Lake and Siesta Lake. The pronounced lowstand suggests that the Walker River that fills Walker Lake may have partially diverted into the Carson Sink through the Adrian paleochannel between 2700 to 1400??years B.P. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.003","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Yuan, F., Linsley, B., Howe, S.S., Lund, S., and McGeehin, J., 2006, Late Holocene lake-level fluctuations in Walker Lake, Nevada, USA: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 240, no. 3-4, p. 497-507, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.003.","startPage":"497","endPage":"507","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209646,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.003"},{"id":236310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"240","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44e8e4b0c8380cd66eba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yuan, F.","contributorId":104287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuan","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linsley, B.K.","contributorId":55155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linsley","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howe, S. S.","contributorId":103293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lund, S.P.","contributorId":98054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGeehin, J. P. 0000-0002-5320-6091","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":48593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028857,"text":"70028857 - 2006 - Hyporheic exchange and fulvic acid redox reactions in an alpine stream/wetland ecosystem, Colorado front range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T08:06:30","indexId":"70028857","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hyporheic exchange and fulvic acid redox reactions in an alpine stream/wetland ecosystem, Colorado front range","docAbstract":"The influence of hyporheic zone interactions on the redox state of fulvic acids and other redox active species was investigated in an alpine stream and adjacent wetland, which is a more reducing environment. A tracer injection experiment using bromide (Br-) was conducted in the stream system. Simulations with a transport model showed that rates of exchange between the stream and hyporheic zone were rapid (α ≈ 10-3 s-1). Parallel factor analysis of fluorescence spectra was used to quantify the redox state of dissolved fulvic acids. The rate coefficient for oxidation of reduced fulvic acids (λ = 6.5 × 10-3 s-1) in the stream indicates that electron-transfer reactions occur over short time scales. The rate coefficients for decay of ammonium (λ = 1.2 × 10-3 s-1) and production of nitrate (λ = −1.0 × 10-3 s-1) were opposite in sign but almost equal in magnitude. Our results suggest that fulvic acids are involved in rapid electron-transfer processes in and near the stream channel and may be important in determining ecological energy flow at the catchment scale.
Ammonium (NH4+) is a major constituent of many contaminated groundwaters, but its movement through aquifers is complex and poorly documented. In this study, processes affecting NH4+ movement in a treated wastewater plume were studied by a combination of techniques including large‐scale monitoring of NH4+ distribution; isotopic analyses of coexisting aqueous NH4+, NO3−, N2, and sorbed NH4+; and in situ natural gradient 15NH4+tracer tests with numerical simulations of 15NH4+, 15NO3−, and 15N2 breakthrough data. Combined results indicate that the main mass of NH4+ was moving downgradient at a rate about 0.25 times the groundwater velocity. Retardation factors and groundwater ages indicate that much of the NH4+ in the plume was recharged early in the history of the wastewater disposal. NO3− and excess N2 gas, which were related to each other by denitrification near the plume source, were moving downgradient more rapidly and were largely unrelated to coexisting NH4+. The δ15N data indicate areas of the plume affected by nitrification (substantial isotope fractionation) and sorption (no isotope fractionation). There was no conclusive evidence for NH4+‐consuming reactions (nitrification or anammox) in the anoxic core of the plume. Nitrification occurred along the upper boundary of the plume but was limited by a low rate of transverse dispersive mixing of wastewater NH4+ and O2 from overlying uncontaminated groundwater. Without induced vertical mixing or displacement of plume water with oxic groundwater from upgradient sources, the main mass of NH4+ could reach a discharge area without substantial reaction long after the more mobile wastewater constituents are gone. Multiple approaches including in situ isotopic tracers and fractionation studies provided critical information about processes affecting NH4+ movement and N speciation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004349","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., Smith, R.L., and Miller, D.N., 2006, Ammonium transport and reaction in contaminated groundwater: Application of isotope tracers and isotope fractionation studies: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 5, W05411; 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004349.","productDescription":"W05411; 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477593,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004349","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9c0e4b0c8380cd48425","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Richard L. 0000-0002-3829-0125 rlsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-0125","contributorId":1592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":426731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Daniel N.","contributorId":140401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030228,"text":"70030228 - 2006 - Beaver dams and overbank floods influence groundwater-surface water interactions of a Rocky Mountain riparian area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T17:04:32","indexId":"70030228","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beaver dams and overbank floods influence groundwater-surface water interactions of a Rocky Mountain riparian area","docAbstract":"Overbank flooding is recognized by hydrologists as a key process that drives hydrogeomorphic and ecological dynamics in mountain valleys. Beaver create dams that some ecologists have assumed may also drive riparian hydrologic processes, but empirical evidence is lacking. We examined the influence of two in‐channel beaver dams and a 10 year flood event on surface inundation, groundwater levels, and flow patterns in a broad alluvial valley during the summers of 2002–2005. We studied a 1.5 km reach of the fourth‐order Colorado River in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), Colorado, USA. The beaver dams and ponds greatly enhanced the depth, extent, and duration of inundation associated with floods; they also elevate the water table during both high and low flows. Unlike previous studies we found the main effects of beaver on hydrologic processes occurred downstream of the dam rather than being confined to the near‐pond area. Beaver dams on the Colorado River caused river water to move around them as surface runoff and groundwater seepage during both high‐ and low‐flow periods. The beaver dams attenuated the expected water table decline in the drier summer months for 9 and 12 ha of the 58 ha study area. Thus we provide empirical evidence that beaver can influence hydrologic processes during the peak flow and low‐flow periods on some streams, suggesting that beaver can create and maintain hydrologic regimes suitable for the formation and persistence of wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004560","usgsCitation":"Westbrook, C.J., Cooper, D.J., and Baker, B.W., 2006, Beaver dams and overbank floods influence groundwater-surface water interactions of a Rocky Mountain riparian area: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 6, Article W06404; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004560.","productDescription":"Article W06404; 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477370,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004560","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f037e4b0c8380cd4a663","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westbrook, Cherie J.","contributorId":79705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westbrook","given":"Cherie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, David J.","contributorId":196510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13017,"text":"Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":426212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, Bruce W. bakerb@usgs.gov","contributorId":95401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Bruce","email":"bakerb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":426210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030440,"text":"70030440 - 2006 - Response of surface water chemistry to reduced levels of acid precipitation: Comparison of trends in two regions of New York, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030440","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of surface water chemistry to reduced levels of acid precipitation: Comparison of trends in two regions of New York, USA","docAbstract":"In light of recent reductions in sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) emissions mandated by Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, temporal trends and trend coherence in precipitation (1984-2001 and 1992-2001) and surface water chemistry (1992-2001) were determined in two of the most acid-sensitive regions of North America, i.e. the Catskill and Adirondack Mountains of New York. Precipitation chemistry data from six sites located near these regions showed decreasing sulphate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), and base cation (CB) concentrations and increasing pH during 1984-2001, but few significant trends during 1992-2001. Data from five Catskill streams and 12 Adirondack lakes showed decreasing trends in SO42- concentrations at all sites, and decreasing trends in NO3-, CB, and H+ concentrations and increasing trends in dissolved organic carbon at most sites. In contrast, acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC increased significantly at only about half the Adirondack lakes and in one of the Catskill streams. Flow correction prior to trend analysis did not change any trend directions and had little effect on SO42- trends, but it caused several significant non-flow-corrected trends in NO3- and ANC to become non-significant, suggesting that trend results for flow-sensitive constituents are affected by flow-related climate variation. SO42- concentrations showed high temporal coherence in precipitation, surface waters, and in precipitation-surface water comparisons, reflecting a strong link between S emissions, precipitation SO42- concentrations, and the processes that affect S cycling within these regions. NO3- and H+ concentrations and ANC generally showed weak coherence, especially in surface waters and in precipitation-surface water comparisons, indicating that variation in local-scale processes driven by factors such as climate are affecting trends in acid-base chemistry in these two regions. Copyright ?? 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.5961","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., McHale, M., Driscoll, C.T., and Roy, K.M., 2006, Response of surface water chemistry to reduced levels of acid precipitation: Comparison of trends in two regions of New York, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 20, no. 7, p. 1611-1627, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5961.","startPage":"1611","endPage":"1627","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211722,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5961"},{"id":239066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa6ee4b0c8380cd86322","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McHale, M.R.","contributorId":66442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHale","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Driscoll, C. T.","contributorId":47530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roy, K. M.","contributorId":52710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030459,"text":"70030459 - 2006 - Ground-water surface-water interactions and long-term change in riverine riparian vegetation in the southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030459","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ground-water surface-water interactions and long-term change in riverine riparian vegetation in the southwestern United States","docAbstract":"Riverine riparian vegetation has changed throughout the southwestern United States, prompting concern about losses of habitat and biodiversity. Woody riparian vegetation grows in a variety of geomorphic settings ranging from bedrock-lined channels to perennial streams crossing deep alluvium and is dependent on interaction between ground-water and surface-water resources. Historically, few reaches in Arizona, southern Utah, or eastern California below 1530 m elevation had closed gallery forests of cottonwood and willow; instead, many alluvial reaches that now support riparian gallery forests once had marshy grasslands and most bedrock canyons were essentially barren. Repeat photography using more than 3000 historical images of rivers indicates that riparian vegetation has increased over much of the region. These increases appear to be related to several factors, notably the reduction in beaver populations by trappers in the 19th century, downcutting of arroyos that drained alluvial aquifers between 1880 and 1910, the frequent recurrence of winter floods during discrete periods of the 20th century, an increased growing season, and stable ground-water levels. Reductions in riparian vegetation result from agricultural clearing, excessive ground-water use, complete flow diversion, and impoundment of reservoirs. Elimination of riparian vegetation occurs either where high ground-water use lowers the water table below the rooting depth of riparian species, where base flow is completely diverted, or both. We illustrate regional changes using case histories of the San Pedro and Santa Cruz Rivers, which are adjacent watersheds in southern Arizona with long histories of water development and different trajectories of change in riparian vegetation.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.022","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Webb, R.H., and Leake, S.A., 2006, Ground-water surface-water interactions and long-term change in riverine riparian vegetation in the southwestern United States, in Journal of Hydrology, v. 320, no. 3-4, p. 302-323, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.022.","startPage":"302","endPage":"323","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211955,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.022"},{"id":239344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"320","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2d67e4b0c8380cd5bec8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, R. H.","contributorId":13648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030460,"text":"70030460 - 2006 - Sample size and the detection of a hump-shaped relationship between biomass and species richness in Mediterranean wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030460","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sample size and the detection of a hump-shaped relationship between biomass and species richness in Mediterranean wetlands","docAbstract":"Questions: What is the observed relationship between biomass and species richness across both spatial and temporal scales in communities of submerged annual macrophytes? Does the number of plots sampled affect detection of hump-shaped pattern? Location: Don??ana National Park, southwestern Spain. Methods: A total of 102 plots were sampled during four hydrological cycles. In each hydrological cycle, the plots were distributed randomly along an environmental flooding gradient in three contrasted microhabitats located in the transition zone just below the upper marsh. In each plot (0.5 m x 0.5 m), plant density and above- and below-ground biomass of submerged vegetation were measured. The hump-shaped model was tested by using a generalized linear model (GLM). A bootstrap procedure was used to test the effect of the number of plots on the ability to detect hump-shaped patterns. Result: The area exhibited low species density with a range of 1 - 9 species and low values of biomass with a range of 0.2 - 87.6 g-DW / 0.25 m2. When data from all years and all microhabitats were combined, the relationships between biomass and species richness showed a hump-shaped pattern. The number of plots was large enough to allow detection of the hump-shaped pattern across microhabitats but it was too small to confirm the hump-shaped pattern within each individual microhabitat. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of hump-shaped patterns across microhabitats when GLM analysis is used. In communities of submerged annual macrophytes in Mediterranean wetlands, the highest species density occurs in intermediate values of biomass. The bootstrap procedure indicates that the number of plots affects the detection of hump-shaped patterns. ?? IAVS; Opulus Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Vegetation Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1658/1100-9233(2006)17[227:SSATDO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"11009233","usgsCitation":"Espinar, J.L., 2006, Sample size and the detection of a hump-shaped relationship between biomass and species richness in Mediterranean wetlands: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 17, no. 2, p. 227-232, https://doi.org/10.1658/1100-9233(2006)17[227:SSATDO]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"227","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211981,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1658/1100-9233(2006)17[227:SSATDO]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":239377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab062e4b0c8380cd87aa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Espinar, J. L.","contributorId":45105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espinar","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030501,"text":"70030501 - 2006 - Estimates of suspended sediment entering San Francisco Bay from the Sacramento and San Joaquin Delta, San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T09:34:09","indexId":"70030501","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of suspended sediment entering San Francisco Bay from the Sacramento and San Joaquin Delta, San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"This study demonstrates the use of suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) data collected at Mallard Island as a means of determining suspended-sediment load entering San Francisco Bay from the Sacramento and San Joaquin River watersheds. Optical backscatter (OBS) data were collected every 15 min during water years (WYs) 1995-2003 and converted to SSC. Daily fluvial advective sediment load was estimated by combining estimated Delta outflow with daily averaged SSC. On days when no data were available, SSC was estimated using linear interpolation. A model was developed to estimate the landward dispersive load using velocity and SSC data collected during WYs 1994 and 1996. The advective and dispersive loads were summed to estimate the total load. Annual suspended-sediment load at Mallard Island averaged 1.2??0.4 Mt (million metric tonnes). Given that the average water discharge for the 1995-2003 period was greater than the long -term average discharge, it seems likely that the average suspended-sediment load may be less than 1.2??0.4 Mt. Average landward dispersive load was 0.24 Mt/yr, 20% of the total. On average during the wet season, 88% of the annual suspended-sediment load was discharged through the Delta and 43% occurred during the wettest 30-day period. The January 1997 flood transported 1.2 Mt of suspended sediment or about 11% of the total 9-year load (10.9 Mt). Previous estimates of sediment load at Mallard Island are about a factor of 3 greater because they lacked data downstream from riverine gages and sediment load has decreased. Decreasing suspended-sediment loads may increase erosion in the Bay, help to cause remobilization of buried contaminants, and reduce the supply of sediment for restoration projects. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.09.006","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"McKee, L., Ganju, N., and Schoellhamer, D., 2006, Estimates of suspended sediment entering San Francisco Bay from the Sacramento and San Joaquin Delta, San Francisco Bay, California: Journal of Hydrology, v. 323, no. 1-4, p. 335-352, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.09.006.","startPage":"335","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":212044,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.09.006"},{"id":239452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"323","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0af1e4b0c8380cd524ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, L.J.","contributorId":84562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ganju, N. K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":64782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"N. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}