{"pageNumber":"273","pageRowStart":"6800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16446,"records":[{"id":70028422,"text":"70028422 - 2006 - Late Quaternary landscape evolution in the Kunlun Mountains and Qaidam Basin, Northern Tibet: A framework for examining the links between glaciation, lake level changes and alluvial fan formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028422","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary landscape evolution in the Kunlun Mountains and Qaidam Basin, Northern Tibet: A framework for examining the links between glaciation, lake level changes and alluvial fan formation","docAbstract":"The Qaidam Basin in Northern Tibet is one of the largest hyper-arid intermontane basins on Earth. Alluvial fans, pediment surfaces, shorelines and a thick succession of sediments within the basin, coupled with moraines and associated landforms in the adjacent high mountain catchments of the Kunlun Mountains, record a complex history of Late Quaternary paleoenvironmental change and landscape evolution. The region provides an ideal natural laboratory to examine the interaction between tectonics and climate within a continent-continent collision zone, and to quantify rates of landscape evolution as controlled by climate and the associated glacial and hydrological changes in hyper-arid and adjacent high-altitude environments. Geomorphic mapping, analysis of landforms and sediments, and terrestrial cosmogenic radionuclide surface exposure and optically stimulated luminescence dating serve to define the timing of formation of Late Quaternary landforms along the southern and northwestern margins of the Qaidam Basin, and in the Burhan Budai Shan of the Kunlun Mountains adjacent to the basin on the south. These dates provide a framework that suggests links between climatic amelioration, deglaciation, lake desiccation and alluvial fan evolution. At least three glacial advances are defined in the Burham Budai Shan of the Kunlun Mountains. On the northern side of this range these occurred in the penultimate glacial cycle or early in the last glacial cycle, during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)/Lateglacial and during the Holocene. On the south side of the range, advances occurred during the penultimate glacial cycle, MIS-3, and possibly the LGM, Lateglacial or Holocene. Several distinct phases of alluvial fan sedimentation are likewise defined. Alluvial fans formed on the southern side of the Kunlun Mountains prior to 200 ka. Ice-contact alluvial fans formed during the penultimate glacial and during MIS-3. Extensive incised alluvial fans that form the main valley fills north of the Burham Budai and extend into the Qaidam Basin are dated to ???30 ka. These ages suggest that there was a period of alluvial fan aggradation and valley filling that persisted until desiccation of the large lakes in the Qaidam Basin post ???30 ka led to base level lowering and active incision of streams into the valley fills. The continued Lateglacial and Holocene desiccation likely led to further degradation of the valley fills. Ice wedge casts in the Qaidam Basin date to ???15 ka, indicating significant Lateglacial climatic amelioration, while Holocene loess deposits north of the Burham Bdudai suggest that aridity has increased in the region since the early Holocene. From these observations, we infer that the major landscape changes within high glaciated mountains and their adjacent hyper-arid intermontane basins, such as the Kunlun Mountains and Qaidam Basin, occur rapidly over millennial timescales during periods of climatic instability. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2006.02.008","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Owen, L., Finkel, R., Haizhou, M., and Barnard, P., 2006, Late Quaternary landscape evolution in the Kunlun Mountains and Qaidam Basin, Northern Tibet: A framework for examining the links between glaciation, lake level changes and alluvial fan formation: Quaternary International, v. 154-155, p. 73-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.02.008.","startPage":"73","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210082,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.02.008"}],"volume":"154-155","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a452fe4b0c8380cd670d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owen, L.A.","contributorId":94836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finkel, R.C.","contributorId":79677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkel","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haizhou, M.","contributorId":80889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haizhou","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnard, P.L.","contributorId":20527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028439,"text":"70028439 - 2006 - Use of borehole radar reflection logging to monitor steam-enhanced remediation in fractured limestone--Results of numerical modelling and a field experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-16T18:10:19","indexId":"70028439","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of borehole radar reflection logging to monitor steam-enhanced remediation in fractured limestone--Results of numerical modelling and a field experiment","docAbstract":"<p>Ground penetrating radar is an efficient geophysical method for the detection and location of fractures and fracture zones in electrically resistive rocks. In this study, the use of down-hole (borehole) radar reflection logs to monitor the injection of steam in fractured rocks was tested as part of a field-scale, steam-enhanced remediation pilot study conducted at a fractured limestone quarry contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons at the former Loring Air Force Base, Limestone, Maine, USA. In support of the pilot study, borehole radar reflection logs were collected three times (before, during, and near the end of steam injection) using broadband 100 MHz electric dipole antennas. Numerical modelling was performed to predict the effect of heating on radar-frequency electromagnetic (EM) wave velocity, attenuation, and fracture reflectivity. The modelling results indicate that EM wave velocity and attenuation change substantially if heating increases the electrical conductivity of the limestone matrix. Furthermore, the net effect of heat-induced variations in fracture-fluid dielectric properties on average medium velocity is insignificant because the expected total fracture porosity is low. In contrast, changes in fracture fluid electrical conductivity can have a significant effect on EM wave attenuation and fracture reflectivity. Total replacement of water by steam in a fracture decreases fracture reflectivity of a factor of 10 and induces a change in reflected wave polarity. Based on the numerical modelling results, a reflection amplitude analysis method was developed to delineate fractures where steam has displaced water. Radar reflection logs collected during the three acquisition periods were analysed in the frequency domain to determine if steam had replaced water in the fractures (after normalizing the logs to compensate for differences in antenna performance between logging runs). Analysis of the radar reflection logs from a borehole where the temperature increased substantially during the steam injection experiment shows an increase in attenuation and a decrease in reflectivity in the vicinity of the borehole. Results of applying the reflection amplitude analysis method developed for this study indicate that steam did not totally replace the water in most of the fractures. The observed decreases in reflectivity were consistent with an increase in fracture-water temperature, rather than the presence of steam. A limiting assumption of the reflection amplitude analysis method is the requirement for complete displacement of water in a fracture by steam.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.12.006","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Gregoire, C., Joesten, P., and Lane, J., 2006, Use of borehole radar reflection logging to monitor steam-enhanced remediation in fractured limestone--Results of numerical modelling and a field experiment: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 60, no. 1, p. 41-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.12.006.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"54","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Limestone","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -67.92117118835449,\n              46.95465637620638\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.91112899780273,\n              46.95465637620638\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.91112899780273,\n              46.96022176137895\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.92117118835449,\n              46.96022176137895\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.92117118835449,\n              46.95465637620638\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbec7e4b08c986b3297a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregoire, C.","contributorId":37142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregoire","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joesten, P. K.","contributorId":62818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lane, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":66723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028458,"text":"70028458 - 2006 - One-way coupling of an atmospheric and a hydrologic model in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028458","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"One-way coupling of an atmospheric and a hydrologic model in Colorado","docAbstract":"This paper examines the accuracy of high-resolution nested mesoscale model simulations of surface climate. The nesting capabilities of the atmospheric fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University (PSU)-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) were used to create high-resolution, 5-yr climate simulations (from 1 October 1994 through 30 September 1999), starting with a coarse nest of 20 km for the western United States. During this 5-yr period, two finer-resolution nests (5 and 1.7 km) were run over the Yampa River basin in northwestern Colorado. Raw and bias-corrected daily precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature time series from the three MM5 nests were used as input to the U.S. Geological Survey's distributed hydrologic model [the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS)] and were compared with PRMS results using measured climate station data. The distributed capabilities of PRMS were provided by partitioning the Yampa River basin into hydrologic response units (HRUs). In addition to the classic polygon method of HRU definition, HRUs for PRMS were defined based on the three MM5 nests. This resulted in 16 datasets being tested using PRMS. The input datasets were derived using measured station data and raw and bias-corrected MM5 20-, 5-, and 1.7-km output distributed to 1) polygon HRUs and 2) 20-, 5-, and 1.7-km-gridded HRUs, respectively. Each dataset was calibrated independently, using a multiobjective, stepwise automated procedure. Final results showed a general increase in the accuracy of simulated runoff with an increase in HRU resolution. In all steps of the calibration procedure, the station-based simulations of runoff showed higher accuracy than the MM5-based simulations, although the accuracy of MM5 simulations was close to station data for the high-resolution nests. Further work is warranted in identifying the causes of the biases in MM5 local climate simulations and developing methods to remove them. ?? 2006 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/JHM512.1","issn":"1525755X","usgsCitation":"Hay, L., Clark, M., Pagowski, M., Leavesley, G., and Gutowski, W., 2006, One-way coupling of an atmospheric and a hydrologic model in Colorado: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 7, no. 4, p. 569-589, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM512.1.","startPage":"569","endPage":"589","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477401,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm512.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210083,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM512.1"},{"id":236897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e38e4b0c8380cd75545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, M.P.","contributorId":49558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pagowski, M.","contributorId":47958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gutowski, W.J.","contributorId":6623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutowski","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028498,"text":"70028498 - 2006 - Step wise, multiple objective calibration of a hydrologic model for a snowmelt dominated basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028498","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Step wise, multiple objective calibration of a hydrologic model for a snowmelt dominated basin","docAbstract":"The ability to apply a hydrologic model to large numbers of basins for forecasting purposes requires a quick and effective calibration strategy. This paper presents a step wise, multiple objective, automated procedure for hydrologic model calibration. This procedure includes the sequential calibration of a model's simulation of solar radiation (SR), potential evapotranspiration (PET), water balance, and daily runoff. The procedure uses the Shuffled Complex Evolution global search algorithm to calibrate the U.S. Geological Survey's Precipitation Runoff Modeling System in the Yampa River basin of Colorado. This process assures that intermediate states of the model (SR and PET on a monthly mean basis), as well as the water balance and components of the daily hydrograph are simulated, consistently with measured values.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04501.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Hay, L., Leavesley, G., Clark, M., Markstrom, S., Viger, R., and Umemoto, M., 2006, Step wise, multiple objective calibration of a hydrologic model for a snowmelt dominated basin: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 42, no. 4, p. 877-890, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04501.x.","startPage":"877","endPage":"890","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477377,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04501.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210141,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04501.x"},{"id":236971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b982de4b08c986b31be98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, M.P.","contributorId":49558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Markstrom, S.L.","contributorId":76807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Viger, Roland J. 0000-0003-2520-714X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-714X","contributorId":80711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"Roland J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Umemoto, M.","contributorId":88549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Umemoto","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028569,"text":"70028569 - 2006 - A 16-year record of eolian dust in Southern Nevada and California, USA: Controls on dust generation and accumulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028569","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 16-year record of eolian dust in Southern Nevada and California, USA: Controls on dust generation and accumulation","docAbstract":"An ongoing project monitors modern dust accumulation in the arid southwestern United States to (1) determine the rate and composition of dust inputs to soils and (2) relate dust accumulation to weather patterns to help predict the effects of climate change on dust production and accumulation. The 16-year records of 35 dust-trap sites in the eastern Mojave Desert and southern Great Basin reveal how generation and accumulation of dust, including the silt-clay, carbonate, and soluble-salt fractions, is affected by the amount and seasonal distribution of rainfall and the behavior of different source types (alluvium, dry playas, and wet playas). Accumulation rates (fluxes) of the silt-clay fraction of dust, including carbonates, range from about 2-20 g/m2/yr. Average rates are higher in the southern part of the study area (south of latitude 36.5??N) and annually fluctuate over a larger range than rates in the northern part of the area. Sites throughout the study area show peaks in dust flux in the 1984-1985 sampling period and again in 1997-1999; northern sites also show increased flux in 1987-1988 and southern sites in 1989-1991. These peaks of dust flux correspond with both La Nina (dry) conditions and with strong El Nino (wet) periods. The accumulation rates of different components of mineral dusts fluctuate differently. For example, soluble-salt flux increases in 1987-1988, coincident with a moderate El Nino event, and increases very strongly in 1997-1999, overlapping with a strong El Nino event. Both of these high-rainfall winters were preceded and accompanied by strong summer rains. In contrast, little or no change in soluble-salt flux occurred during other periods of high winter rainfall but little summer rain, e.g. 1992-1995. The differences between northern vs. southern sites and between sites with playa dust sources vs. alluvial dust sources indicate that regional differences in the response of precipitation and vegetation growth to ENSO influence and differences in the response of source types control dust production and accumulation. A major factor is the hydrologic condition of surface sediments. The silt-clay and soluble-salt fluxes increased during the El Nino events of 1987-1988 and 1997-1998 at sites close to \"wet\" playas with shallow depths to groundwater (<10 m), consistent with the concept that active evaporative concentration of salts disrupts surface crusts and increases the susceptibility of surface sediment to deflation. The silt-clay flux also increased during drought periods (1989-1991, 1995-1997) at sites downwind of alluvial sources and \"dry\" playas with deeper groundwater (<10 m). These increases are probably related to the die-off of drought-stressed vegetation on alluvial sediments, and in some cases to local runoff events that deliver fresh sediment to playa margins and distal portions of alluvial fans. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.03.006","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M., 2006, A 16-year record of eolian dust in Southern Nevada and California, USA: Controls on dust generation and accumulation: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 67, no. 3, p. 487-520, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.03.006.","startPage":"487","endPage":"520","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209811,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.03.006"},{"id":236534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2c0e4b0c8380cd45c0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, M.C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":36128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028629,"text":"70028629 - 2006 - Denitrification in nitrate-rich streams: Application of N2:Ar and 15N-tracer methods in intact cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T10:47:56","indexId":"70028629","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Denitrification in nitrate-rich streams: Application of N<sub>2</sub>:Ar and <sup>15</sup>N-tracer methods in intact cores","title":"Denitrification in nitrate-rich streams: Application of N2:Ar and 15N-tracer methods in intact cores","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Rates of benthic denitrification were measured using two techniques, membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), applied to sediment cores from two NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>‐rich streams draining agricultural land in the upper Mississippi River Basin. Denitrification was estimated simultaneously from measurements of N<sub>2</sub>:Ar (MIMS) and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N[N<sub>2</sub>] (IRMS) after the addition of low‐level<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>tracer (<sup>15</sup>N:N = 0.03–0.08) in stream water overlying intact sediment cores. Denitrification rates ranged from about 0 to 4400 μmol N·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in Sugar Creek and from 0 to 1300 μmol N·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in Iroquois River, the latter of which possesses greater streamflow discharge and a more homogeneous streambed and water column. Within the uncertainties of the two techniques, there is good agreement between the MIMS and IRMS results, which indicates that the production of N<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>by the coupled process of nitrification/denitrification was relatively unimportant and surface‐water NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>was the dominant source of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>for benthic denitrification in these streams. Variation in stream NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentration (from about 20 μmol/L during low discharge to 1000 μmol/L during high discharge) was a significant control of benthic denitrification rates, judging from the more abundant MIMS data. The interpretation that NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentration directly affects denitrification rate was corroborated by increased rates of denitrification in cores amended with NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>. Denitrification in Sugar Creek removed ≤11% per day of the in‐stream NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in late spring and removed roughly 15–20% in late summer. The fraction of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>removed in Iroquois River was less than that of Sugar Creek. Although benthic denitrification rates were relatively high during periods of high stream flow, when NO<sub>3</sub>concentrations were also high, the increase in benthic denitrification could not compensate for the much larger increase in stream NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>fluxes during high flow. Consequently, fractional NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>losses were relatively low during high flow.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2191:DINSAO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Smith, L.K., Voytek, M., Böhlke, J., and Harvey, J., 2006, Denitrification in nitrate-rich streams: Application of N2:Ar and 15N-tracer methods in intact cores: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 6, p. 2191-2207, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2191:DINSAO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2191","endPage":"2207","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209660,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2191:DINSAO]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe99e4b0c8380cd4ee08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Lesley K.","contributorId":82657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Lesley","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028634,"text":"70028634 - 2006 - Survey of organic wastewater contaminants in biosolids destined for land application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:22:02","indexId":"70028634","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey of organic wastewater contaminants in biosolids destined for land application","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">In this study, the presence, composition, and concentrations of organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) were determined in solid materials produced during wastewater treatment. This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of these solids, collectively referred to as biosolids, as a source of OWCs to soil and water in contact with soil. Nine different biosolid products, produced by municipal wastewater treatment plants in seven different states, were analyzed for 87 different OWCs. Fifty-five of the OWCs were detected in at least one biosolid product. The 87 different OWCs represent a diverse cross section of emerging organic contaminants that enter wastewater treatment plants and may be discharged without being completely metabolized or degraded. A minimum of 30 and a maximum of 45 OWCs were detected in any one biosolid. The biosolids used in this study are produced by several production methods, and the plants they originate from have differing population demographics, yet the percent composition of total OWC content, and of the most common OWCs, typically did not vary greatly between the biosolids tested. The summed OWC content ranged from 64 to 1811 mg/kg dry weight. Six biosolids were collected twice, 3−18 months apart, and the total OWC content of each biosolid varied by less than a factor of 2. These results indicate that the biosolids investigated in this study have OWC compositions and concentrations that are more similar than different and that biosolids are highly enriched in OWCs (as mass-normalized concentrations) when compared to effluents or effluent-impacted water. These results demonstrate the need to better describe the composition and fate of OWCs in biosolids since about 50% of biosolids are land applied and thus become a potentially ubiquitous nonpoint source of OWCs into the environment.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0603406","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Kinney, C., Furlong, E., Zaugg, S., Burkhardt, M., Werner, S., Cahill, J., and Jorgensen, G., 2006, Survey of organic wastewater contaminants in biosolids destined for land application: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 23, p. 7207-7215, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0603406.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"7207","endPage":"7215","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209709,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0603406"}],"volume":"40","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba297e4b08c986b31f7ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinney, C.A.","contributorId":90516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinney","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zaugg, S.D.","contributorId":82811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burkhardt, M.R.","contributorId":70410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Werner, S.L.","contributorId":82734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cahill, J.D.","contributorId":77342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahill","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jorgensen, G.R.","contributorId":70977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70028636,"text":"70028636 - 2006 - Occurrence and fate of organic contaminants during onsite wastewater treatment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T08:48:33","indexId":"70028636","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and fate of organic contaminants during onsite wastewater treatment","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Onsite wastewater treatment systems serve approximately 25% of the U.S. population. However, little is known regarding the occurrence and fate of organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs), including endocrine disrupting compounds, during onsite treatment. A range of OWCs including surfactant metabolites, steroids, stimulants, metal-chelating agents, disinfectants, antimicrobial agents, and pharmaceutical compounds was quantified in wastewater from 30 onsite treatment systems in Summit and Jefferson Counties, CO. The onsite systems represent a range of residential and nonresidential sources. Eighty eight percent of the 24 target compounds were detected in one or more samples, and several compounds were detected in every wastewater sampled. The wastewater matrices were complex and showed unique differences between source types due to differences in water and consumer product use. Nonresidential sources generally had more OWCs at higher concentrations than residential sources. Additional aerobic biofilter-based treatment beyond the traditional anaerobic tank-based treatment enhanced removal for many OWCs. Removal mechanisms included volatilization, biotransformation, and sorption with efficiencies from &lt;1% to &gt;99% depending on treatment type and physico chemical properties of the compound. Even with high removal rates during confined unit onsite treatment, OWCs are discharged to soil dispersal units at loadings up to 20 mg/m<sup>2</sup>/d, emphasizing the importance of understanding removal mechanisms and efficiencies in onsite treatment systems that discharge to the soil and water environments.</p></div></div><div class=\"hlFld-Fulltext\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0605117","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Conn, K., Barber, L.B., Brown, G., and Siegrist, R., 2006, Occurrence and fate of organic contaminants during onsite wastewater treatment: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 23, p. 7358-7366, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0605117.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"7358","endPage":"7366","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209735,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0605117"},{"id":236432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b65e4b0c8380cd74676","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conn, K.E.","contributorId":64433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, G.K.","contributorId":62362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siegrist, R.L.","contributorId":54005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegrist","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028639,"text":"70028639 - 2006 - Factors influencing soil invertebrate communities in riparian grasslands of the central platte river floodplain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-15T10:09:21","indexId":"70028639","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing soil invertebrate communities in riparian grasslands of the central platte river floodplain","docAbstract":"In the Platte River Valley of central Nebraska, USA, riparian grasslands (also known as wet meadows) have been severely impacted by a reduction in river flows, causing lower ground-water levels and altered seasonal hydroperiods. The potential impacts of these hydrologic changes, as well as the environmental factors that influence wet meadow soil invertebrate communities, are not well understood. An understanding of the ecological processes that influence these invertebrate communities is crucial for maintaining and restoring wet meadows along the Platte River. Our objectives were to describe the soil invertebrate community of wet meadows throughout the growing season and to examine the relative roles of abiotic factors in determining patterns in invertebrate community structure. We conducted the study in 12 wet meadows along the Platte River during 1999 and 2000. We identified 73 invertebrate taxa; 39 were considered soil inhabitants. Total biomass was primarily composed of earthworms, Scarabaeidae, Isopoda, and Elateridae, with earthworms and Scarabaeidae accounting for >82%. Differences in river flow and precipitation patterns influenced some soil invertebrates. Earthworms and Scarabaeidae declined dramatically from 1999 (wet year) to 2000 (dry year). The topographic gradient created by the ridge-swale complex affected several soil invertebrate taxa; Scarabaeidae, Diplopoda, and Lepidoptera biomasses were greatest on drier ridges, while Tipulidae and Isopoda biomasscs were greatest in wetter sloughs. Responses of earthworm taxa to the topographic gradient were variable, but generally, greater biomasses occurred on ridges and mid-elevations. Water-table depth and soil moisture were the most important variables influencing wet meadow soil invertebrates. Because these communities are linked to the hydrologic processes of the Platte River, future alterations of wet meadow hydrology could shift the distribution patterns of many of these invertebrates and possibly eliminate more moisture-tolerant taxa. To maintain wet meadows and their biotic communities, flow management should focus on regaining as much as possible of the former hydrograph through properly timed flows that provide an adequate hydrologic regime for wet meadows. In addition, restoration of wet meadows will depend on restoring the natural topography of wet meadows. ?? 2006, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[438:FISICI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Davis, C., Austin, J.E., and Buhl, D., 2006, Factors influencing soil invertebrate communities in riparian grasslands of the central platte river floodplain: Wetlands, v. 26, no. 2, p. 438-454, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[438:FISICI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"438","endPage":"454","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209791,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[438:FISICI]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.2017822265625,\n              41.18278832811288\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.0040283203125,\n              41.18278832811288\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.0040283203125,\n              41.281934557995356\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.2017822265625,\n              41.281934557995356\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.2017822265625,\n              41.18278832811288\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ecae4b0c8380cd5361c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, C.A.","contributorId":68819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Austin, J. E.","contributorId":5999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buhl, D. A. 0000-0002-8563-5990","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-5990","contributorId":13571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028640,"text":"70028640 - 2006 - New ghost-node method for linking different models with varied grid refinement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70028640","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"New ghost-node method for linking different models with varied grid refinement","docAbstract":"A flexible, robust method for linking grids of locally refined ground-water flow models constructed with different numerical methods is needed to address a variety of hydrologic problems. This work outlines and tests a new ghost-node model-linking method for a refined \"child\" model that is contained within a larger and coarser \"parent\" model that is based on the iterative method of Steffen W. Mehl and Mary C. Hill (2002, Advances in Water Res., 25, p. 497-511; 2004, Advances in Water Res., 27, p. 899-912). The method is applicable to steady-state solutions for ground-water flow. Tests are presented for a homogeneous two-dimensional system that has matching grids (parent cells border an integer number of child cells) or nonmatching grids. The coupled grids are simulated by using the finite-difference and finite-element models MODFLOW and FEHM, respectively. The simulations require no alteration of the MODFLOW or FEHM models and are executed using a batch file on Windows operating systems. Results indicate that when the grids are matched spatially so that nodes and child-cell boundaries are aligned, the new coupling technique has error nearly equal to that when coupling two MODFLOW models. When the grids are nonmatching, model accuracy is slightly increased compared to that for matching-grid cases. Overall, results indicate that the ghost-node technique is a viable means to couple distinct models because the overall head and flow errors relative to the analytical solution are less than if only the regional coarse-grid model was used to simulate flow in the child model's domain.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM","conferenceTitle":"11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference","conferenceDate":"30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","isbn":"0894486918; 9780894486913","usgsCitation":"James, S., Dickinson, J., Mehl, S., Hill, M.C., Leake, S.A., Zyvoloski, G., and Eddebbarh, A., 2006, New ghost-node method for linking different models with varied grid refinement, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM, v. 2006, Las Vegas, NV, 30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006, p. 338-344.","startPage":"338","endPage":"344","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a658be4b0c8380cd72c10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, S.C.","contributorId":103059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickinson, J.E.","contributorId":28790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mehl, S.W.","contributorId":84555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zyvoloski, G.A.","contributorId":20123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zyvoloski","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eddebbarh, A.-A.","contributorId":101425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddebbarh","given":"A.-A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70028839,"text":"70028839 - 2006 - Light-mediated Zn uptake in photosynthetic biofilm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T08:28:34","indexId":"70028839","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Light-mediated Zn uptake in photosynthetic biofilm","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Our experiments conducted under controlled laboratory conditions demonstrate diel uptake and release of zinc (Zn) in lab-cultured biofilm exposed to Zn concentrations that are present in some mining-impacted streams (1–2&nbsp;mg&nbsp;Zn/l). Specifically, at constant pH, temperature, and aqueous Zn concentrations in the exposure water, biofilm accumulated Zn during the light periods of the photocycle and released Zn during the dark periods of the photocycle. The range of Zn uptake measured in biofilm during one light period in these laboratory experiments (0.6–8.3&nbsp;mg&nbsp;Zn/g dw biofilm) encompassed the estimated Zn uptake (1.5–3.7&nbsp;mg Zn/g&nbsp;dw biofilm) necessary to attribute aqueous diel Zn cycling in a mining-impacted stream in Montana (High Ore Creek) to uptake in biofilm. This is relevant to in situ studies of diel Zn cycling because we controlled three important parameters that naturally fluctuate daily in the field, thus demonstrating the potential for biofilm to remove large percentages of Zn from some mining-impacted streams. Researchers, modelers, regulators, and reclamation teams working in metals-contaminated streams should be aware of diel metal cycling, because the highest Zn concentrations (and therefore, perhaps the most toxic conditions) in the water column might occur at night, and the greatest exposure of grazers of phototrophs to dietborne Zn might occur during daylight hours.</p><div class=\"KeywordGroup\" lang=\"en\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-006-0261-6","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Morris, J., Farag, A., Nimick, D., and Meyer, J., 2006, Light-mediated Zn uptake in photosynthetic biofilm: Hydrobiologia, v. 571, no. 1, p. 361-371, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0261-6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"371","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210003,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0261-6"}],"volume":"571","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4774e4b0c8380cd6787d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morris, J.M.","contributorId":91675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farag, A.M.","contributorId":106273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nimick, D. A.","contributorId":70399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, J.S.","contributorId":85741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1001059,"text":"1001059 - 2006 - Forecasting effects of climate change on Great Lakes fisheries: models that link habitat supply to population dynamics can help","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T09:13:01","indexId":"1001059","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting effects of climate change on Great Lakes fisheries: models that link habitat supply to population dynamics can help","docAbstract":"<p><span>Future changes to climate in the Great Lakes may have important consequences for fisheries. Evidence suggests that Great Lakes air and water temperatures have risen and the duration of ice cover has lessened during the past century. Global circulation models (GCMs) suggest future warming and increases in precipitation in the region. We present new evidence that water temperatures have risen in Lake Erie, particularly during summer and winter in the period 1965–2000. GCM forecasts coupled with physical models suggest lower annual runoff, less ice cover, and lower lake levels in the future, but the certainty of these forecasts is low. Assessment of the likely effects of climate change on fish stocks will require an integrative approach that considers several components of habitat rather than water temperature alone. We recommend using mechanistic models that couple habitat conditions to population demographics to explore integrated effects of climate-caused habitat change and illustrate this approach with a model for Lake Erie walleye (</span><i>Sander vitreum</i><span>). We show that the combined effect on walleye populations of plausible changes in temperature, river hydrology, lake levels, and light penetration can be quite different from that which would be expected based on consideration of only a single factor.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f05-239","usgsCitation":"Jones, M., Shuter, B.J., Zhao, Y., and Stockwell, J.D., 2006, Forecasting effects of climate change on Great Lakes fisheries: models that link habitat supply to population dynamics can help: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 63, no. 2, p. 457-468, https://doi.org/10.1139/f05-239.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"468","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae519","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Michael L.","contributorId":7219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":310364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shuter, Brian J.","contributorId":29372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuter","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhao, Yingming","contributorId":49752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"Yingming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stockwell, Jason D. 0000-0003-3393-6799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-6799","contributorId":61004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stockwell","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1003370,"text":"1003370 - 2006 - Variability and regulation of denitrification in an Upper Mississippi River backwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:43","indexId":"1003370","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability and regulation of denitrification in an Upper Mississippi River backwater","docAbstract":"Sediments in the backwaters of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) are highly organic and provide an optimal environment for N removal. We monitored an 8.6-ha UMR backwater site near La Crosse, Wisconsin, for nearly 3 y to assess temporal variability, seasonal trends, and the factors regulating denitrification. We measured rates of unamended denitrification (DEN) and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) rates at ambient temperature and DEA at 30 degrees C (DEA30). Seasonal mean (+/- 1 SE) DEN rates ranged from 0.041 +/- 0.015 to 0.47 +/- 0.23 mu g N cm(-2) h(-1)and were highest in winter and lowest in autumn. Seasonal rates of DEA exhibited a different pattern with the highest rates in summer (25.6 +/- 3.4 mu g N cm(-2) h(-1)) and the lowest rates in winter (10.6 +/- 2.1 mu g N cm(-2) h(-1)). The overall mean DEA30 rate was 31.0 +/- 1.9 mu g N cm(-2) h(-1) but showed no significant seasonal pattern. Short-term (weekly) and seasonal variability exhibited by rates of DEN and DEA were best explained by water-column NO3- concentration and temperature, respectively. No environmental variables explained a significant amount of variability in DEA30. Our results suggest that nutrient (i.e., NO3-) availability and temperature are both regulators of denitrification, with NO3- concentration being the most important limiting factor in this system. The high DEN rates during winter were in response to elevated NO3- concentrations resulting from a chain reaction beginning with algal blooms creating oxic conditions that stimulated nitrification. Increasing hydrological connectivity in large rivers as a river management tool to reduce N flux to downstream areas may be beneficial.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"North Amererican Benthological Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Strauss, E., Richardson, W.B., Cavanaugh, J., Bartsch, L., Kreiling, R., and Standorf, A., 2006, Variability and regulation of denitrification in an Upper Mississippi River backwater: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 25, no. 3, p. 596-606.","productDescription":"pp. 596-606","startPage":"596","endPage":"606","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602c53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strauss, E.A.","contributorId":26010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauss","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, W. B.","contributorId":16363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cavanaugh, J.C.","contributorId":25269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cavanaugh","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartsch, L.A.","contributorId":7675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kreiling, Rebecca M. 0000-0002-9295-4156","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9295-4156","contributorId":33429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreiling","given":"Rebecca M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Standorf, A.J.","contributorId":78847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Standorf","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031191,"text":"70031191 - 2006 - Urban contributions of glyphosate and its degradate AMPA to streams in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:44:06","indexId":"70031191","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Urban contributions of glyphosate and its degradate AMPA to streams in the United States","docAbstract":"<p>Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world, being routinely applied to control weeds in both agricultural and urban settings. Microbial degradation of glyphosate produces aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA). The high polarity and water-solubility of glyphosate and AMPA has, until recently, made their analysis in water samples problematic. Thus, compared to other herbicides (e.g. atrazine) there are relatively few studies on the environmental occurrence of glyphosate and AMPA. In 2002, treated effluent samples were collected from 10 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to study the occurrence of glyphosate and AMPA. Stream samples were collected upstream and downstream of the 10 WWTPs. Two reference streams were also sampled. The results document the apparent contribution of WWTP effluent to stream concentrations of glyphosate and AMPA, with roughly a two-fold increase in their frequencies of detection between stream samples collected upstream and those collected downstream of the WWTPs. Thus, urban use of glyphosate contributes to glyphosate and AMPA concentrations in streams in the United States. Overall, AMPA was detected much more frequently (67.5%) compared to glyphosate (17.5%).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.01.028","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D., Thurman, E., Lee, E., Meyer, M.T., Furlong, E., and Glassmeyer, S., 2006, Urban contributions of glyphosate and its degradate AMPA to streams in the United States: Science of the Total Environment, v. 354, no. 2-3, p. 191-197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.01.028.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"197","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238880,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  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         48.40003249610685\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.361328125,\n              49.15296965617039\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.78320312499999,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.958984375,\n              48.16608541901253\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.98046874999999,\n              48.22467264956519\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"354","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe0be4b08c986b3293b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, E.A.","contributorId":48608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Glassmeyer, S.T.","contributorId":100190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glassmeyer","given":"S.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031140,"text":"70031140 - 2006 - Oink if you love coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:55:45","indexId":"70031140","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oink if you love coal","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGI","issn":"00168556","usgsCitation":"Landa, E.R., 2006, Oink if you love coal: Geotimes, v. 51, no. 4.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"60","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6d1ee4b0c8380cd74f96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70031093,"text":"70031093 - 2006 - Interactive effects of substrate, hydroperiod, and nutrients on seedling growth of <i>Salix nigra</i> and <i>Taxodium distichum</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-17T14:16:24","indexId":"70031093","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1575,"text":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactive effects of substrate, hydroperiod, and nutrients on seedling growth of <i>Salix nigra</i> and <i>Taxodium distichum</i>","docAbstract":"<p>The large river swamps of Louisiana have complex topography and hydrology, characterized by black willow (<i>Salix nigra</i>) dominance on accreting alluvial sediments and vast areas of baldcypress (<i>Taxodium distichum</i>) deepwater swamps with highly organic substrates. Seedling survival of these two wetland tree species is influenced by their growth rate in relation to the height and duration of annual flooding in riverine environments. This study examines the interactive effects of substrate, hydroperiod, and nutrients on growth rates of black willow and baldcypress seedlings. In a greenhouse experiment with a split-split-plot design, 1-year seedlings of black willow and baldcypress were subjected to two nutrient treatments (unfertilized versus fertilized), two hydroperiods (continuously flooded versus twice daily flooding/draining), and two substrates (sand versus commercial peat mix). Response variables included height, diameter, lateral branch count, biomass, and root:stem ratio. Black willow growth in height and diameter, as well as all biomass components, were significantly greater in peat substrate than in sand. Black willow showed a significant hydroperiod-nutrient interaction wherein fertilizer increased stem and root biomass under drained conditions, but flooded plants did not respond to fertilization. Baldcypress diameter and root biomass were higher in peat than in sand, and the same two variables increased with fertilization in flooded as well as drained treatments. These results can be used in Louisiana wetland forest models as inputs of seedling growth and survival, regeneration potential, and biomass accumulation rates of black willow and baldcypress.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.10.009","issn":"00988472","usgsCitation":"Day, R.H., Doyle, T., and Draugelis-Dale, R., 2006, Interactive effects of substrate, hydroperiod, and nutrients on seedling growth of <i>Salix nigra</i> and <i>Taxodium distichum</i>: Environmental and Experimental Botany, v. 55, no. 1-2, p. 163-174, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.10.009.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"174","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cdde4b0c8380cd630eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, Richard H. 0000-0002-5959-7054 dayr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-7054","contributorId":2427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Richard","email":"dayr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doyle, T.W. 0000-0001-5754-0671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":16783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Draugelis-Dale, R. O. 0000-0001-8532-3287","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8532-3287","contributorId":103076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draugelis-Dale","given":"R. O.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031000,"text":"70031000 - 2006 - Determination of uranyl incorporation into biogenic manganese oxides using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scattering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T09:58:58","indexId":"70031000","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of uranyl incorporation into biogenic manganese oxides using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scattering","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Βiogenic manganese oxides are common and an important source of reactive mineral surfaces in the environment that may be potentially enhanced in bioremediation cases to improve natural attenuation. Experiments were performed in which the uranyl ion, UO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>(U(VI)), at various concentrations was present during manganese oxide biogenesis. At all concentrations, there was strong uptake of U onto the oxides. Synchrotron-based extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were carried out to determine the molecular-scale mechanism by which uranyl is incorporated into the oxide and how this incorporation affects the resulting manganese oxide structure and mineralogy. The EXAFS experiments show that at low concentrations (&lt;0.3 mol % U, &lt;1 μM U(VI) in solution), U(VI) is present as a strong bidentate surface complex. At high concentrations (&gt;2 mol % U, &gt;4 μM U(VI) in solution), the presence of U(VI) affects the stability and structure of the Mn oxide to form poorly ordered Mn oxide tunnel structures, similar to todorokite. EXAFS modeling shows that uranyl is present in these oxides predominantly in the tunnels of the Mn oxide structure in a tridentate complex. Observations by XRD corroborate these results. Structural incorporation may lead to more stable U(VI) sequestration that may be suitable for remediation uses. These observations, combined with the very high uptake capacity of the Mn oxides, imply that Mn-oxidizing bacteria may significantly influence dissolved U(VI) concentrations in impacted waters via sorption and incorporation into Mn oxide biominerals.</p></div></div><div class=\"hlFld-Fulltext\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es051679f","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Webb, S., Fuller, C.C., Tebo, B., and Bargar, J., 2006, Determination of uranyl incorporation into biogenic manganese oxides using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scattering: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 3, p. 771-777, https://doi.org/10.1021/es051679f.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"777","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211393,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es051679f"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffe7e4b0c8380cd4f474","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, S.M.","contributorId":12959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tebo, B.M.","contributorId":26512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tebo","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bargar, J.R.","contributorId":82466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bargar","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030999,"text":"70030999 - 2006 - Sulfate deposition in subsurface regolith in Gusev crater, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T09:04:37","indexId":"70030999","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfate deposition in subsurface regolith in Gusev crater, Mars","docAbstract":"<p>Excavating into the shallow Martian subsurface has the potential to expose stratigraphic layers and mature regolith, which may hold a record of more ancient aqueous interactions than those expected under current Martian surface conditions. During the Spirit rover's exploration of Gusev crater, rover wheels were used to dig three trenches into the subsurface regolith down to 6-11 cm depth: Road Cut, the Big Hole, and The Boroughs. A high oxidation state of Fe and high concentrations of Mg, S, Cl, and Br were found in the subsurface regolith within the two trenches on the plains, between the Bonneville crater and the foot of Columbia Hills. Data analyses on the basis of geochemistry and mineralogy observations suggest the deposition of sulfate minerals within the subsurface regolith, mainly Mg-sulfates accompanied by minor Ca-sulfates and perhaps Fe-sulfates. An increase of Fe2O3, an excess of SiO2, and a minor decrease in the olivine proportion relative to surface materials are also inferred. Three hypotheses are proposed to explain the geochemical trends observed in trenches: (1) multiple episodes of acidic fluid infiltration, accompanied by in situ interaction with igneous minerals and salt deposition; (2) an open hydrologic system characterized by ion transportation in the fluid, subsequent evaporation of the fluid, and salt deposition; and (3) emplacement and mixing of impact ejecta of variable composition. While all three may have plausibly contributed to the current state of the subsurface regolith, the geochemical data are most consistent with ion transportation by fluids and salt deposition as a result of open-system hydrologic behavior. Although sulfates make up &gt;20 wt.% of the regolith in the wall of The Boroughs trench, a higher hydrated sulfate than kieserite within The Boroughs or a greater abundance of sulfates elsewhere than is seen in The Boroughs wall regolith would be needed to hold the structural water indicated by the water-equivalent hydrogen concentration observed by the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer on Odyssey in the Gusev region.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2005JE002513","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Wang, A., Haskin, L., Squyres, S.W., Jolliff, B., Crumpler, L., Gellert, R., Schroder, C., Herkenhoff, K.E., Hurowitz, J., Tosca, N., Farrand, W.H., Anderson, R., and Knudson, A., 2006, Sulfate deposition in subsurface regolith in Gusev crater, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 111, no. E2, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002513.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477418,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005je002513","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gusev crater; Mars","volume":"111","issue":"E2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dc0e4b08c986b31da54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, A.","contributorId":46735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haskin, L.A.","contributorId":74926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haskin","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jolliff, B.L.","contributorId":21268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolliff","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crumpler, L.","contributorId":59545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crumpler","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gellert, Ralf","contributorId":35049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gellert","given":"Ralf","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":429577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schroder, C.","contributorId":67201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hurowitz, J.","contributorId":17742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurowitz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tosca, N.J.","contributorId":17354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosca","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Farrand, W. H.","contributorId":64372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Anderson, R.","contributorId":104191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Knudson, A.T.","contributorId":15746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudson","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70030914,"text":"70030914 - 2006 - Assessment of nitrification potential in ground water using short term, single-well injection experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T09:16:59","indexId":"70030914","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2729,"text":"Microbial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of nitrification potential in ground water using short term, single-well injection experiments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nitrification was measured within a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, MA, using a series of single-well injection tests. The aquifer contained a wastewater-derived contaminant plume, the core of which was anoxic and contained ammonium. The study was conducted near the downgradient end of the ammonium zone, which was characterized by inversely trending vertical gradients of oxygen (270 to 0&nbsp;μM) and ammonium (19 to 625&nbsp;μM) and appeared to be a potentially active zone for nitrification. The tests were conducted by injecting a tracer solution (ambient ground water + added constituents) into selected locations within the gradients using multilevel samplers. After injection, the tracers moved by natural ground water flow and were sampled with time from the injection port. Rates of nitrification were determined from changes in nitrate and nitrite concentration relative to bromide. Initial tests were conducted with </span><sup>15</sup><span>N-enriched ammonium; subsequent tests examined the effect of adding ammonium, nitrite, or oxygen above background concentrations and of adding difluoromethane, a nitrification inhibitor. </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">In situ</i><span> net nitrate production exceeded net nitrite production by 3- to 6- fold and production rates of both decreased in the presence of difluoromethane. Nitrification rates were 0.02–0.28&nbsp;μmol (L aquifer)</span><sup>−1</sup><span> h</span><sup>−1</sup><span> with </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">in situ</i><span> oxygen concentrations and up to 0.81&nbsp;μmol (L aquifer)</span><sup>−1</sup><span> h</span><sup>−1</sup><span> with non-limiting substrate concentrations. Geochemical considerations indicate that the rates derived from single-well injection tests yielded overestimates of </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">in situ</i><span> rates, possibly because the injections promoted small-scale mixing within a transport-limited reaction zone. Nonetheless, these tests were useful for characterizing ground water nitrification </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">in situ</i><span> and for comparing potential rates of activity when the tracer cloud included non-limiting ammonium and oxygen concentrations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00248-004-0159-7","issn":"00953628","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.L., Baumgartner, L., Miller, D., Repert, D., and Böhlke, J., 2006, Assessment of nitrification potential in ground water using short term, single-well injection experiments: Microbial Ecology, v. 51, no. 1, p. 22-35, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-004-0159-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"35","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211615,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-004-0159-7"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee43e4b0c8380cd49c71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baumgartner, L.K.","contributorId":93695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baumgartner","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, D.N.","contributorId":36324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Repert, D.A.","contributorId":78506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repert","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030911,"text":"70030911 - 2006 - Chemical loading into surface water along a hydrological, biogeochemical, and land use gradient: A holistic watershed approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:44:49.143923","indexId":"70030911","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical loading into surface water along a hydrological, biogeochemical, and land use gradient: A holistic watershed approach","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Identifying the sources and impacts of organic and inorganic contaminants at the watershed scale is a complex challenge because of the multitude of processes occurring in time and space. Investigation of geochemical transformations requires a systematic evaluation of hydrologic, landscape, and anthropogenic factors. The 1160 km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>Boulder Creek Watershed in the Colorado Front Range encompasses a gradient of geology, ecotypes, climate, and urbanization. Streamflow originates primarily as snowmelt and shows substantial annual variation. Water samples were collected along a 70-km transect during spring-runoff and base-flow conditions, and analyzed for major elements, trace elements, bulk organics, organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs), and pesticides. Major-element and trace-element concentrations were low in the headwaters, increased through the urban corridor, and had a step increase downstream from the first major wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Boron, gadolinium, and lithium were useful inorganic tracers of anthropogenic inputs. Effluent from the WWTP accounted for as much as 75% of the flow in Boulder Creek and was the largest chemical input. Under both hydrological conditions, OWCs and pesticides were detected in Boulder Creek downstream from the WWTP outfall as well as in the headwater region, and loads of anthropogenic-derived contaminants increased as basin population density increased. This report documents a suite of potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals in a reach of stream with native fish populations showing indication of endocrine disruption.</p></div></div><div class=\"hlFld-Fulltext\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es051270q","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., Murphy, S., Verplanck, P., Sandstrom, M.W., Taylor, H.E., and Furlong, E., 2006, Chemical loading into surface water along a hydrological, biogeochemical, and land use gradient: A holistic watershed approach: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 2, p. 475-486, https://doi.org/10.1021/es051270q.","productDescription":"12  p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"486","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211586,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es051270q"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f57fe4b0c8380cd4c26f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, S.F.","contributorId":40751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verplanck, P. L. 0000-0002-3653-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":106565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030886,"text":"70030886 - 2006 - Organic geochemistry - A retrospective of its first 70 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030886","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Organic geochemistry - A retrospective of its first 70 years","docAbstract":"Organic geochemistry had its origin in the early part of the 20th century when organic chemists and geologists realized that detailed information on the organic materials in sediments and rocks was scientifically interesting and of practical importance. The generally acknowledged \"father\" of organic geochemistry is Alfred E. Treibs (1899-1983), who discovered and described, in 1936, porphyrin pigments in shale, coal, and crude oil, and traced the source of these molecules to their biological precursors. Thus, the year 1936 marks the beginning of organic geochemistry. However, formal organization of organic geochemistry dates from 1959 when the Organic Geochemistry Division (OGD) of The Geochemical Society was founded in the United States, followed 22 years later (1981) by the establishment of the European Association of Organic Geochemists (EAOG). Organic geochemistry (1) has its own journal, Organic Geochemistry (beginning in 1979) which, since 1988, is the official journal of the EAOG, (2) convenes two major conferences [International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG), since 1962, and Gordon Research Conferences on Organic Geochemistry (GRC), since 1968] in alternate years, and (3) is the subject matter of several textbooks. Organic geochemistry is now a widely recognized geoscience in which organic chemistry has contributed significantly not only to geology (i.e., petroleum geochemistry, molecular stratigraphy) and biology (i.e., biogeochemistry), but also to other disciplines, such as chemical oceanography, environmental science, hydrology, biochemical ecology, archaeology, and cosmochemistry.","largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.09.001","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K., 2006, Organic geochemistry - A retrospective of its first 70 years, <i>in</i> Organic Geochemistry, v. 37, no. 1, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.09.001.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211691,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.09.001"},{"id":239031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fb7e4b0c8380cd75c0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030807,"text":"70030807 - 2006 - Oxygen isotopes of phosphatic compounds - Application for marine particulate matter, sediments and soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T09:04:16","indexId":"70030807","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen isotopes of phosphatic compounds - Application for marine particulate matter, sediments and soils","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id8\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id9\"><p>The phosphate oxygen isotopic composition in naturally occurring particulate phosphatic compounds (δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>p</sub>) can be used as a tracer for phosphate sources and to evaluate the cycling of phosphorus (P) in the environment. However, phosphatic compounds must be converted to silver phosphate prior to isotopic analysis, a process that involves digestion of particulate matter in acid. This digestion will hydrolyze some of the phosphatic compounds such that oxygen from the acid solution will be incorporated into the sample as these phosphatic compounds are converted to orthophosphate (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>). To determine the extent of incorporation of reagent oxygen into the sample, we digested various phosphatic compounds in both acid amended with H<sub>2</sub><sup>18</sup>O (spiked) and unspiked acid and then converted the samples to silver phosphate for δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>analysis. Our results indicate that there is no isotopic fractionation associated with acid digestion at 50 °C. Furthermore, we found that reagent oxygen incorporation is a function of the oxygen to phosphorus ratio (O:P) of the digested compound whereby the percentage of reagent oxygen incorporated into the sample is the same as that which is required to convert all of the P-compounds into orthophosphate. Based on these results, we developed a correction for reagent oxygen incorporation using simple mass balance, a procedure that allows for the determination of the δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>of samples containing a mixture of phosphatic compounds. We analyzed a variety of environmental samples for δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>p</sub>to demonstrate the utility of this approach for understanding sources and cycling of P.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2005.09.004","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"McLaughlin, K., Paytan, A., Kendall, C., and Silva, S., 2006, Oxygen isotopes of phosphatic compounds - Application for marine particulate matter, sediments and soils: Marine Chemistry, v. 98, no. 2-4, p. 148-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2005.09.004.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"148","endPage":"155","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":211554,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2005.09.004"},{"id":238859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a72b3e4b0c8380cd76c4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaughlin, K.","contributorId":41383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paytan, A.","contributorId":98926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paytan","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Silva, S.","contributorId":68518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":71066,"text":"sir20055059 - 2006 - Methods Used to Assess the Susceptibility to Contamination of Transient, Non-Community Public Ground-Water Supplies in Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T11:09:16","indexId":"sir20055059","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5059","title":"Methods Used to Assess the Susceptibility to Contamination of Transient, Non-Community Public Ground-Water Supplies in Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>The Safe Water Drinking Act of 1974 as amended in 1996 gave each State the responsibility of developing a Source-Water Assessment Plan (SWAP) that is designed to protect public-water supplies from contamination. Each SWAP must include three elements: (1) a delineation of the source-water protection area, (2) an inventory of potential sources of contaminants within the area, and (3) a determination of the susceptibility of the public-water supply to contamination from the inventoried sources. The Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) was responsible for preparing a SWAP for all public-water supplies in Indiana, including about 2,400 small public ground-water supplies that are designated transient, non-community (TNC) supplies. In cooperation with IDEM, the U.S. Geological Survey compiled information on conditions near the TNC supplies and helped IDEM complete source-water assessments for each TNC supply. The delineation of a source-water protection area (called the assessment area) for each TNC ground-water supply was defined by IDEM as a circular area enclosed by a 300-foot radius centered at the TNC supply well. Contaminants of concern (COCs) were defined by IDEM as any of the 90 contaminants for which the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established primary drinking-water standards. Two of these, nitrate as nitrogen and total coliform bacteria, are Indiana State-regulated contaminants for TNC water supplies. IDEM representatives identified potential point and nonpoint sources of COCs within the assessment area, and computer database retrievals were used to identify potential point sources of COCs in the area outside the assessment area. Two types of methods-subjective and subjective hybrid-were used in the SWAP to determine susceptibility to contamination. Subjective methods involve decisions based upon professional judgment, prior experience, and (or) the application of a fundamental understanding of processes without the collection and analysis of data for a specific condition. Subjective hybrid methods combine subjective methods with quantitative hydrologic analyses. The subjective methods included an inventory of potential sources and associated contaminants, and a qualitative description of the inherent susceptibility of the area around the TNC supply. The description relies on a classification of the hydrogeologic and geomorphic characteristics of the general area around the TNC supply in terms of its surficial geology, regional aquifer system, the occurrence of fine- and coarse-grained geologic materials above the screen of the TNC well, and the potential for infiltration of contaminants. The subjective hybrid method combined the results of a logistic regression analysis with a subjective analysis of susceptibility and a subjective set of definitions that classify the thickness of fine-grained geologic materials above the screen of a TNC well in terms of impedance to vertical flow. The logistic regression determined the probability of elevated concentrations of nitrate as nitrogen (greater than or equal to 3 milligrams per liter) in ground water associated with specific thicknesses of fine-grained geologic materials above the screen of a TNC well. In this report, fine-grained geologic materials are referred to as a geologic barrier that generally impedes vertical flow through an aquifer. A geologic barrier was defined to be thin for fine-grained materials between 0 and 45 feet thick, moderate for materials between 45 and 75 feet thick, and thick if the fine-grained materials were greater than 75 feet thick. A flow chart was used to determine the susceptibility rating for each TNC supply. The flow chart indicated a susceptibility rating using (1) concentrations of nitrate as nitrogen and total coliform bacteria reported from routine compliance monitoring of the TNC supply, (2) the presence or absence of potential sources of regulated contaminants (nitrate as nitrogen and coliform bac</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055059","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Arihood, L.D., and Cohen, D.A., 2006, Methods Used to Assess the Susceptibility to Contamination of Transient, Non-Community Public Ground-Water Supplies in Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5059, vi, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055059.","productDescription":"vi, 40 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,{"id":70205401,"text":"70205401 - 2006 - Evidence for intensification of the global water cycle: Review and synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-17T11:30:55","indexId":"70205401","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-22T11:27:32","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for intensification of the global water cycle: Review and synthesis","docAbstract":"<p><span>One of the more important questions in&nbsp;hydrology&nbsp;is: if the climate warms in the future, will there be an&nbsp;intensification&nbsp;of the water cycle and, if so, the nature of that intensification? There is considerable interest in this question because an intensification of the water cycle may lead to changes in water-resource availability, an increase in the frequency and intensity of&nbsp;tropical storms, floods, and&nbsp;droughts, and an amplification of warming through the&nbsp;water vapor&nbsp;feedback. Empirical evidence for ongoing intensification of the water cycle would provide additional support for the theoretical framework that links intensification with warming. This paper briefly reviews the current state of science regarding historical trends in hydrologic variables, including precipitation,&nbsp;runoff, tropospheric water vapor, soil moisture,&nbsp;</span>glacier<span>&nbsp;mass balance, evaporation,&nbsp;evapotranspiration, and growing season length. Data are often incomplete in spatial and temporal domains and regional analyses are variable and sometimes contradictory; however, the&nbsp;weight of evidence&nbsp;indicates an ongoing intensification of the water cycle. In contrast to these trends, the empirical evidence to date does not consistently support an increase in the frequency or intensity of tropical storms and floods.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.003","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., 2006, Evidence for intensification of the global water cycle: Review and synthesis: Journal of Hydrology, v. 319, no. 1-4, p. 83-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.003.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"95","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"319","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70440,"text":"sir20045143 - 2006 - Evaluation of metal loading to streams near Creede, Colorado, August and September 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T11:13:33","indexId":"sir20045143","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5143","title":"Evaluation of metal loading to streams near Creede, Colorado, August and September 2000","docAbstract":"Decisions about remediation of mine drainage on the watershed scale require an understanding of metal contributions from all sources to be able to choose the best sites for remediation. A hydrologic framework to study metal loading in the Willow Creek watershed, a tributary to the Rio Grande River, was established by conducting a series of tracer-injection studies. Each study used the tracer-dilution method in conjunction with synoptic sampling to determine the spatial distribution of discharge and concentration. Discharge and concentration data were then used to develop mass-loading curves for the metals of interest. The discharge and load profiles (1) identify the principal sources of load to the streams; (2) demonstrate the scale of unsampled, dispersed subsurface inflows; and (3) estimate the amount of natural attenuation. The greatest source of metal loads was from the Nelson Tunnel on West Willow Creek, which contributed 158 kilograms per day of zinc to the stream. Additional loading from other dispersed, subsurface inflows along West Willow Creek added substantial loads, but these were small in comparison to the loads from the Nelson Tunnel. No significant contributions of metal load from potential sources occurred along East Willow Creek. The lack of measurable loading may be a result of previous remedial actions along that stream. The lower Willow Creek section had relatively small contributions of load compared to what had been contributed upstream. This watershed approach provides a detailed snapshot of metal load for the watershed to support remediation decisions and quantifies processes that affect metal transport.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/sir20045143","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Creede, Colorado and the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.A., Runkel, R., Walton-Day, K., and Stover, B., 2006, Evaluation of metal loading to streams near Creede, Colorado, August and September 2000 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5143, viii, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045143.","productDescription":"viii, 64 p.","numberOfPages":"75","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2000-08-01","temporalEnd":"2000-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334251,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5143/PDF/SIR2004_5143.pdf"},{"id":6989,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5143/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Creede","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.95,37.81666666666667 ], [ -106.95,37.916666666666664 ], [ -106.9,37.916666666666664 ], [ -106.9,37.81666666666667 ], [ -106.95,37.81666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fafd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton-Day, K.","contributorId":14054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stover, B.K.","contributorId":67975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stover","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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