No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01199","usgsCitation":"Sims, P., Finn, C., and Rystrom, V., 2001, Preliminary Precambrian basement map showing geologic-geophysical domains, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-199, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01199.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110199,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42121.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"42121"},{"id":3060,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0199/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -104.051513671875,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -111.082763671875,\n 45.00365115687186\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 41.0130657870063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e496","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sims, P.K.","contributorId":30191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, C. A. 0000-0002-6178-0405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":93917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rystrom, V. L.","contributorId":41484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rystrom","given":"V. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31411,"text":"ofr01325 - 2001 - Flood-tracking chart for the Flint River basin, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-07T16:19:07.265605","indexId":"ofr01325","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-325","title":"Flood-tracking chart for the Flint River basin, Georgia","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01325","usgsCitation":"Cochran, B.L., McCallum, B.E., Stamey, T.C., and Wipperfurth, C.J., 2001, Flood-tracking chart for the Flint River basin, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-325, 2 Plates: 11.96 x 17.98 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01325.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 11.96 x 17.98 inches","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400445,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_45478.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160382,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0325/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":401786,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0325/plate-1-1.pdf","text":"Brochure front","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401787,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0325/plate-1-2.pdf","text":"Brochure back","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Flint River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.4170,\n 30.75\n ],\n [\n -83.633,\n 30.75\n ],\n [\n -83.633,\n 33.583\n ],\n [\n -85.4170,\n 33.583\n ],\n [\n -85.4170,\n 30.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee999","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cochran, Brian L.","contributorId":87996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCallum, Brian E. 0000-0002-8935-0343 bemccall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8935-0343","contributorId":1591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCallum","given":"Brian","email":"bemccall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stamey, Timothy C. tcstamey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamey","given":"Timothy","email":"tcstamey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wipperfurth, Caryl J. cjwipper@usgs.gov","contributorId":1866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipperfurth","given":"Caryl","email":"cjwipper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":31412,"text":"ofr01331 - 2001 - Results of electrical surveys near Red River, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"ofr01331","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-331","title":"Results of electrical surveys near Red River, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01331","usgsCitation":"Lucius, J.E., Bisdorf, R., and Abraham, J., 2001, Results of electrical surveys near Red River, New Mexico (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-331, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01331.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2528,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0331/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624971","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucius, Jeffrey E. lucius@usgs.gov","contributorId":817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucius","given":"Jeffrey","email":"lucius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bisdorf, Robert A.","contributorId":56914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bisdorf","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abraham, Jared D.","contributorId":42630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Jared D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31415,"text":"ofr01352 - 2001 - Ecological data collected in the Santee River basin and coastal drainages, North and South Carolina, 1996–98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T16:54:31.968849","indexId":"ofr01352","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-352","title":"Ecological data collected in the Santee River basin and coastal drainages, North and South Carolina, 1996–98","docAbstract":"As part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, ecological investigations were conducted in 23 reaches of 16 streams in the Santee River Basin and Coastal Drainages study unit in North and South Carolina during 1996-98. Habitat characteristics, such as stream width and depth, bank composition, bank vegetative cover, stream shading by overhanging vegetation, and\r\n\r\nstreambed composition were recorded. Algal and benthic invertebrate communities were sampled\r\n\r\nusing quantitative and qualitative techniques. These data will provide information needed to: (1) support findings of the effects of human landuse activities on water quality by augmenting or enhancing physical and chemical water-quality data, (2) provide a basic overview of aquatic community structure in selected stream reaches in the study unit, and (3) provide a means for comparing aquatic communities in subsequent years of the assessment program.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01352","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, Santee River Basin and Coastal Drainages Study Unit","usgsCitation":"Abrahamsen, T.A., 2001, Ecological data collected in the Santee River basin and coastal drainages, North and South Carolina, 1996–98: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-352, vi, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01352.","productDescription":"vi, 83 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408331,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_45476.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2554,"rank":300,"type":{"id":21,"text":"Referenced Work"},"url":"https://www2.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/sc/nawqa/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0352/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":59773,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0352/ofr20010352.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2001-0352"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Santee River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.5,\n 32.133\n ],\n [\n -79.317,\n 32.133\n ],\n [\n -79.317,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -82.5,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -82.5,\n 32.133\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO), a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska - Fairbanks, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, has maintained a seismic monitoring program at potentially active volcanoes in Alaska since 1988 (Power and others, 1993; Jolly and others, 1996). The primary objectives of this program are the seismic surveillance of active, potentially hazardous, Alaskan volcanoes and the investigation of seismic processes associated with active volcanism.
Between 1994 and 1999, the AVO seismic monitoring program underwent significant changes with networks added at new volcanoes during each summer from 1995 through 1999. The existing network at Katmai –Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS) was repaired in 1995, and new networks were installed at Makushin (1996), Akutan (1996), Pavlof (1996), Katmai - south (1996), Aniakchak (1997), Shishaldin (1997), Katmai - north (1998), Westdahl, (1998), Great Sitkin (1999) and Kanaga (1999). These networks added to AVO's existing seismograph networks in the Cook Inlet area and increased the number of AVO seismograph stations from 46 sites and 57 components in 1994 to 121 sites and 155 components in 1999. The 1995–1999 seismic network expansion increased the number of volcanoes monitored in real-time from 4 to 22, including Mount Spurr, Redoubt Volcano, Iliamna Volcano, Augustine Volcano, Mount Snowy, Mount Griggs, Mount Katmai, Novarupta, Trident Volcano, Mount Mageik, Mount Martin, Aniakchak Crater, Pavlof Volcano, Mount Dutton, Isanotski volcano, Shisaldin Volcano, Fisher Caldera, Westdahl volcano, Akutan volcano, Makushin Volcano, Great Sitkin volcano, and Kanaga Volcano (see Figures 1-15). The network expansion also increased the number of earthquakes located from about 600 per year in1994 and 1995 to about 3000 per year between 1997 and 1999.
Highlights of the catalog period include: 1) a large volcanogenic seismic swarm at Akutan volcano in March and April 1996 (Lu and others, 2000); 2) an eruption at Pavlof Volcano in fall 1996 (Garces and others, 2000; McNutt and others, 2000); 3) an earthquake swarm at Iliamna volcano between September and December 1996; 4) an earthquake swarm at Mount Mageik in October 1996 (Jolly and McNutt, 1999); 5) an earthquake swarm located at shallow depth near Strandline Lake; 6) a strong swarm of earthquakes near Becharof Lake; 7) precursory seismicity and an eruption at Shishaldin Volcano in April 1999 that included a 5.2 ML earthquake and aftershock sequence (Moran and others, in press; Thompson and others, in press). The 1996 calendar year is also notable as the seismicity rate was very high, especially in the fall when 3 separate areas (Strandline Lake, Iliamna Volcano, and several of the Katmai volcanoes) experienced high rates of located earthquakes.
This catalog covers the period from January 1, 1994, through December 31,1999, and includes: 1) earthquake origin times, hypocenters, and magnitudes with summary statistics describing the earthquake location quality; 2) a description of instruments deployed in the field and their locations and magnifications; 3) a description of earthquake detection, recording, analysis, and data archival; 4) velocity models used for earthquake locations; 5) phase arrival times recorded at individual stations; and 6) a summary of daily station usage from throughout the report period. We have made calculated hypocenters, station locations, system magnifications, velocity models, and phase arrival information available for download via computer network as a compressed Unix tar file.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01189","usgsCitation":"Jolly, A.D., Stihler, S.D., Power, J.A., Lahr, J.C., Paskievitch, J., Tytgat, G., Estes, S., Lockhart, A., Moran, S.C., McNutt, S.R., and Hammond, W.R., 2001, Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1, 1994 through December 31, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-189, Report: 22 p.; Appendix B; Download: TAR.GZ file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01189.","productDescription":"Report: 22 p.; Appendix B; Download: TAR.GZ file","numberOfPages":"22","temporalStart":"1994-01-01","temporalEnd":"1999-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":164292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01189.jpg"},{"id":3058,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0189/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282542,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0189/pdf/of01-189.pdf","text":"Report","size":"522 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":282543,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0189/pdf/appendixb.pdf","text":"Appendix B","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix B"},{"id":282544,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0189/ofr01-189-tar.gz","text":"Data Files","size":"14.5 MB","description":"Data Files"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -178.0,52.0 ], [ -178.0,64.0 ], [ -138.0,64.0 ], [ -138.0,52.0 ], [ -178.0,52.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5efb90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jolly, Arthur D.","contributorId":57913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolly","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stihler, Scott D.","contributorId":31373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stihler","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lahr, John C.","contributorId":20328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahr","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paskievitch, John","contributorId":74050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paskievitch","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tytgat, Guy","contributorId":71152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tytgat","given":"Guy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Estes, Steve","contributorId":55881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lockhart, Andrew B. ablock@usgs.gov","contributorId":632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockhart","given":"Andrew B.","email":"ablock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Moran, Seth C. 0000-0001-7308-9649 smoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Seth","email":"smoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McNutt, Stephen R.","contributorId":38133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hammond, William R.","contributorId":76375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":31387,"text":"ofr01217 - 2001 - Mississippi Basin Carbon Project: Upland soil database for sites in Nishnabotna River basin, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-14T17:14:45.824757","indexId":"ofr01217","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-217","title":"Mississippi Basin Carbon Project: Upland soil database for sites in Nishnabotna River basin, Iowa","docAbstract":"The conversion of land from its native state to an agricultural use commonly results in a significant loss of soil carbon (Mann, 1985; Davidson and Ackerman, 1993). Globally, this loss is estimated to account for as much as 1/3 of the net CO2 emissions for the period of 1850 to 1980 (Houghton and others, 1983). Roughly 20 to 40 percent of original soil carbon is estimated to be lost as CO2 as a result of agricultural conversion, or \"decomposition enhancement\". Global models use this estimate along with land conversion data to provide agricultural contributions of CO2 emissions for global carbon budgets (Houghton and others, 1983; Schimel, 1995).
\nSoil erosion rates are significantly (10X) higher on croplands than on their undisturbed equivalents (Dabney and others, 1997). Most of the concern over erosion is related to diminished productivity of the uplands (Stallings, 1957; McGregor and others, 1969; Rhoton, 1990) or to increased hazards and navigability of the lowlands in the late 1800's to early 1900's. Yet because soil carbon is concentrated at the soil surface, with an exponential decline in concentration with depth (Harden et al, 1999), it is clear that changes in erosion rates seen on croplands must also impact soil carbon storage and terrestrial carbon budgets as well.
\nAs yet, erosional losses of carbon are not included in global carbon budgets explicitly as a factor in land conversion nor implicitly as a portion of the decomposition enhancement. However, recent work by Lal and others (1995) and by Stallard (1998) suggests that significant amounts of eroded soil may be stored in man-made reservoirs and depositional environments as a result of agricultural conversion. Moreover, Stallard points out that eroding soils have the potential for replacing part of the carbon trapped in man-made reservoirs. If true, then the global carbon budget may grossly underestimate or ignore a significant sink term resulting from the burial of eroded soil.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01217","usgsCitation":"Harden, J., Fries, T.L., Haughy, R., Kramer, L., and Zheng, S., 2001, Mississippi Basin Carbon Project: Upland soil database for sites in Nishnabotna River basin, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-217, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01217.","productDescription":"17 p.","numberOfPages":"17","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466226,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43374.htm","text":"Deep Loess Research Station site near Treynor, Iowa","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3061,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0217/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":408266,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43373.htm","text":"Dinesen Prairie site near Harlan, Iowa","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282573,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0217/pdf/of01-217text.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163376,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Nishnabotna River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.367,\n 41.6330\n ],\n [\n -95.283,\n 41.6330\n ],\n [\n -95.283,\n 41.667\n ],\n [\n -95.367,\n 41.667\n ],\n [\n -95.367,\n 41.6330\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699b85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fries, T. L.","contributorId":12053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fries","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haughy, R.","contributorId":73253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haughy","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kramer, L.","contributorId":14365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramer","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zheng, Shuhui","contributorId":29490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Shuhui","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":31384,"text":"ofr01197 - 2001 - Technology advancement: A factor in increasing resource use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-26T14:36:34.623269","indexId":"ofr01197","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-197","title":"Technology advancement: A factor in increasing resource use","docAbstract":"The specter of mineral resource scarcity has been repeatedly raised as a concern because ever-growing populations with seemingly insatiable appetites for minerals place claims against a finite resource endowment. This report analyzes how technology has helped to ease resource constraints, and uses case studies of aluminum, copper, potash, and sulfur minerals to identify the effects of technology on resource supply.
\nIn spite of heightened demand for and increased loss of resources to environmental policy and urbanization, mineral producers historically have been able to continually expand production and lower costs. Specific production increases for the years 1900-98 were: aluminum (3,250 percent), copper (2,465 percent), potash (3,770 percent), and sulfur (6,000 percent). For the same period, constant-dollar (1998) prices decreased: aluminum (90 percent), copper (75 percent), potash (94 percent), and sulfur (89 percent).
\nThe application of technology has made available mineral deposits that were previously overlooked or considered non-viable. Using technology, producers can meet the demand for stronger, energy-efficient, more environmentally safe products with less physical material. Technologies have been developed to increase the amount of materials recycled and remanufactured. Technology development can occur in breakthroughs, but most often advances incrementally. Technological development is driven by the profit motive.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01197","usgsCitation":"Wilburn, D.R., Goonan, T.G., and Bleiwas, D.I., 2001, Technology advancement: A factor in increasing resource use (Version 1.03): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-197, vi, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01197.","productDescription":"vi, 81 p.","numberOfPages":"87","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3059,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-197/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":293945,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-197/2001-197.pdf"},{"id":164293,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01197.png"}],"edition":"Version 1.03","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db6859bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilburn, David R. 0000-0002-5371-7617 wilburn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5371-7617","contributorId":1755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilburn","given":"David","email":"wilburn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goonan, Thomas G. goonan@usgs.gov","contributorId":2761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goonan","given":"Thomas","email":"goonan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bleiwas, Donald I. bleiwas@usgs.gov","contributorId":1434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleiwas","given":"Donald","email":"bleiwas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31405,"text":"ofr01290 - 2001 - Geologic map and digital database of the San Rafael Mtn. 7.5-minute quadrangle, Santa Barbara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T13:31:50.152959","indexId":"ofr01290","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-290","title":"Geologic map and digital database of the San Rafael Mtn. 7.5-minute quadrangle, Santa Barbara County, California","docAbstract":"Geologic mapping of the San Rafael Primitive Area (now the San Rafael Wilderness) by Gower and others (1966) and Vedder and others (1967) did not include all of the San Rafael Mtn. quadrangle, and the part that was mapped was done in reconnaissance fashion. To help resolve some of the structural and stratigraphic ambiguities of the earlier mapping and to complete the mapping of the quadrangle, additional field work was done during short intervals in 1980 and 1981 and from 1996 to 1998. Contacts within the belt of Franciscan rocks at the southwestern corner of the quadrangle were generalized from the detailed map by Wahl (1998).\n\nBecause extensive areas were inaccessible owing to impenetrable chaparral, observations from several helicopter overflights (1965, 1980, 1981) and interpretations from aerial photographs were used as compilation aids. Consequently, some of the depicted contacts and faults are highly inferential, particularly within the Upper Cretaceous rocks throughout the middle part of the quadrangle.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01290","usgsCitation":"Vedder, J.G., Stanley, R.G., Graham, S.E., and Valin, Z., 2001, Geologic map and digital database of the San Rafael Mtn. 7.5-minute quadrangle, Santa Barbara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-290, Report: 22 p.; 1 Plate: 48.00 x 36.00 inches; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01290.","productDescription":"Report: 22 p.; 1 Plate: 48.00 x 36.00 inches; Metadata","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160363,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01290.gif"},{"id":282687,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0290/srm.tar.gz","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":282684,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0290/pdf/srm_expl.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282683,"rank":5,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0290/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282686,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0290/srm_met.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":282685,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0290/pdf/srm.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":391296,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43747.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282688,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0290/srm.ps.gz","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Barbara County","otherGeospatial":"San Rafael Mtn. 7.5-minute quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.875,34.625 ], [ -119.875,34.75 ], [ -119.75,34.75 ], [ -119.75,34.625 ], [ -119.875,34.625 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db68751d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vedder, John G.","contributorId":89553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vedder","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, S. E.","contributorId":100025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valin, Z. C. 0000-0001-6199-6700","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6199-6700","contributorId":75165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valin","given":"Z. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":31414,"text":"ofr01344 - 2001 - Configuration of the Seattle Urban Seismic Array for the February 28, 2001, M6.8, Nisqually earthquake and its aftershocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-07T10:30:31","indexId":"ofr01344","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-344","title":"Configuration of the Seattle Urban Seismic Array for the February 28, 2001, M6.8, Nisqually earthquake and its aftershocks","docAbstract":"This is a description of the configuration of the Seattle Urban Seismic Array (click on thumbnail map to see full size map) at the time of the Nisqually earthquake and its aftershocks (from April 28 through March 3, 2001). The array is operated by the Geologic Hazards Team of the U. S Geological Survey. It has been recording small local earthquakes since its initial installation immediately after the Duvall earthquake in May 1996. Since then, we have been able to convert the array to all Kinemetrics K2s after retiring the aging DR-200s in June of 1998. The array stations have been moved around to suit our research interests. We had 26 instruments in urban Seattle at the time of the Nisqually earthquake.
\nThe primary research goal of the array is to record earthquake ground motion at sites scattered around the city that represent the major types of surficial geologic materials found in the city. With this information we plan to draw seismic hazard maps that will show the expected variability of ground shaking throughout the city. Our strategy to achieve our goal includes:
\n1) sampling ground motion at sites that represent the major geologic materials including man-made fill and alluvial surficial materials,
\n2) recording high-resolution ground motions from a tripartite array (SDN, SDS, and SDW) with about 200 meter spacing located on man-made fill in the SoDo (South of Downtown) industrial district,
\n3) recording ground motion in areas with man-made fill and alluvial surficial materials which have a high potential for liquifaction,
\n4) sampling ground motion at two sites on Capitol Hill (THO, and SEU) that are located near drill holes that have been logged for seismic velocity,
\n5) Providing long-term continuity at a few sites for comparison and reference, especially SEW and ALK, which are located on Tertiary bedrock.
\n6) recording ground motion at sites with similar surficial geology both inside and outside the Seattle Basin
\nThe configuration of the array is summarized in the accompanying table which is further described below.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01344","usgsCitation":"Carver, D., Frankel, A., Bice, W., Norris, B., and Dickman, N., 2001, Configuration of the Seattle Urban Seismic Array for the February 28, 2001, M6.8, Nisqually earthquake and its aftershocks: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-344, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01344.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2530,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0344/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a3564","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carver, David","contributorId":55867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carver","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, A.D.","contributorId":53828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bice, W.T.","contributorId":16873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bice","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norris, B.","contributorId":74421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dickman, N.","contributorId":17279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickman","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":31413,"text":"ofr01333 - 2001 - A procedural manual for measurement of uranium and thorium isotopes utilizing the USGS-Stanford Finnegan Mat 262","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-25T13:50:22","indexId":"ofr01333","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-333","title":"A procedural manual for measurement of uranium and thorium isotopes utilizing the USGS-Stanford Finnegan Mat 262","docAbstract":"Over the past several decades investigators have extensively examined the 238U-234U- 230Th systematics of a variety of geologic materials using alpha spectroscopy. Analytical uncertainty for 230Th by alpha spectroscopy has been limited to about 2% (2σ). The advantage of thermal ionization mass spectroscopy (TIMS), introduced by Edwards and co-workers in the late 1980’s is the increased detectability of these isotopes by a factor of ~200, and decreases in the uncertainty for 230Th to about 5‰ (2σ) error.
\nThis report is a procedural manual for using the USGS-Stanford Finnegan-Mat 262 TIMS to collect and isolate Uranium and Thorium isotopic ratio data. Chemical separation of Uranium and Thorium from the sample media is accomplished using acid dissolution and then processed using anion exchange resins.
\nThe Finnegan-Mat262 Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometer (TIMS) utilizes a surface ionization technique in which nitrates of Uranium and Thorium are placed on a source filament. Upon heating, positive ion emission occurs. The ions are then accelerated and focused into a beam which passes through a curved magnetic field dispersing the ions by mass. Faraday cups and/or an ion counter capture the ions and allow for quantitative analysis of the various isotopes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01333","usgsCitation":"Shamp, D.D., 2001, A procedural manual for measurement of uranium and thorium isotopes utilizing the USGS-Stanford Finnegan Mat 262: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-333, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01333.","productDescription":"32 p.","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[{"id":314,"text":"Geophysics Unit of Menlo Park, CA (GUMP)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01333.jpg"},{"id":2529,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0333/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282775,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0333/pdf/of01-333.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ce4b07f02db6a93b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shamp, Donald D.","contributorId":49457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shamp","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31410,"text":"ofr01318 - 2001 - Coal geology, land use, and human health in the People's Republic of China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-01T10:55:55.42544","indexId":"ofr01318","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-318","title":"Coal geology, land use, and human health in the People's Republic of China","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01318","usgsCitation":"Karlsen, A.W., Schultz, A.C., Warwick, P.D., Podwysocki, S.M., and Lovern, V.S., 2001, Coal geology, land use, and human health in the People's Republic of China: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-318, One CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01318.","productDescription":"One CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160381,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2526,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-318/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"China","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[110.33919,18.6784],[109.47521,18.1977],[108.65521,18.50768],[108.62622,19.36789],[109.11906,19.82104],[110.2116,20.10125],[110.78655,20.07753],[111.01005,19.69593],[110.57065,19.25588],[110.33919,18.6784]]],[[[127.65741,49.76027],[129.39782,49.4406],[130.58229,48.72969],[130.98728,47.79013],[132.50667,47.78897],[133.3736,48.18344],[135.02631,48.47823],[134.50081,47.57844],[134.11236,47.21247],[133.76964,46.11693],[133.09713,45.14407],[131.88345,45.32116],[131.02521,44.96795],[131.28856,44.11152],[131.14469,42.92999],[130.63387,42.90301],[130.64002,42.39501],[129.99427,42.98539],[129.59667,42.42498],[128.05222,41.99428],[128.20843,41.46677],[127.34378,41.50315],[126.86908,41.81657],[126.18205,41.10734],[125.07994,40.56982],[124.26562,39.92849],[122.86757,39.63779],[122.13139,39.17045],[121.05455,38.89747],[121.58599,39.36085],[121.37676,39.75026],[122.1686,40.42244],[121.64036,40.94639],[120.76863,40.59339],[119.6396,39.89806],[119.02346,39.25233],[118.04275,39.20427],[117.5327,38.73764],[118.0597,38.06148],[118.87815,37.89733],[118.91164,37.44846],[119.7028,37.15639],[120.82346,37.87043],[121.71126,37.48112],[122.35794,37.45448],[122.51999,36.93061],[121.10416,36.65133],[120.63701,36.11144],[119.66456,35.60979],[119.15121,34.90986],[120.22752,34.36033],[120.62037,33.37672],[121.22901,32.46032],[121.90815,31.69217],[121.89192,30.94935],[121.26426,30.67627],[121.50352,30.14291],[122.09211,29.83252],[121.93843,29.01802],[121.68444,28.22551],[121.12566,28.13567],[120.39547,27.05321],[119.5855,25.74078],[118.65687,24.54739],[117.28161,23.6245],[115.89074,22.78287],[114.76383,22.66807],[114.15255,22.22376],[113.80678,22.54834],[113.24108,22.05137],[111.84359,21.55049],[110.78547,21.39714],[110.44404,20.34103],[109.88986,20.28246],[109.62766,21.00823],[109.86449,21.39505],[108.52281,21.71521],[108.05018,21.55238],[107.04342,21.8119],[106.56727,22.2182],[106.7254,22.79427],[105.81125,22.97689],[105.32921,23.35206],[104.47686,22.81915],[103.50451,22.70376],[102.70699,22.7088],[102.17044,22.46475],[101.65202,22.3182],[101.80312,21.17437],[101.27003,21.20165],[101.18001,21.43657],[101.15003,21.84998],[100.41654,21.55884],[99.98349,21.74294],[99.2409,22.11831],[99.53199,22.94904],[98.89875,23.14272],[98.66026,24.06329],[97.60472,23.8974],[97.72461,25.08364],[98.67184,25.9187],[98.71209,26.74354],[98.68269,27.50881],[98.24623,27.74722],[97.91199,28.33595],[97.32711,28.26158],[96.24883,28.41103],[96.58659,28.83098],[96.11768,29.4528],[95.4048,29.03172],[94.56599,29.27744],[93.41335,28.64063],[92.50312,27.89688],[91.69666,27.77174],[91.25885,28.04061],[90.73051,28.06495],[90.01583,28.29644],[89.47581,28.04276],[88.81425,27.29932],[88.73033,28.08686],[88.12044,27.87654],[86.95452,27.97426],[85.82332,28.20358],[85.01164,28.64277],[84.23458,28.83989],[83.89899,29.32023],[83.33712,29.46373],[82.32751,30.11527],[81.5258,30.42272],[81.11126,30.18348],[79.72137,30.88271],[78.73889,31.51591],[78.45845,32.61816],[79.17613,32.48378],[79.20889,32.99439],[78.81109,33.5062],[78.91227,34.32194],[77.83745,35.49401],[76.19285,35.8984],[75.8969,36.66681],[75.15803,37.13303],[74.98,37.41999],[74.82999,37.99001],[74.86482,38.37885],[74.25751,38.60651],[73.92885,38.50582],[73.67538,39.43124],[73.96001,39.66001],[73.82224,39.89397],[74.77686,40.36643],[75.46783,40.56207],[76.52637,40.42795],[76.90448,41.06649],[78.1872,41.18532],[78.54366,41.58224],[80.11943,42.12394],[80.25999,42.35],[80.18015,42.92007],[80.86621,43.18036],[79.96611,44.91752],[81.94707,45.31703],[82.45893,45.53965],[83.18048,47.33003],[85.16429,47.00096],[85.72048,47.45297],[85.76823,48.45575],[86.59878,48.54918],[87.35997,49.21498],[87.75126,49.2972],[88.01383,48.59946],[88.8543,48.06908],[90.28083,47.69355],[90.97081,46.88815],[90.58577,45.71972],[90.94554,45.28607],[92.13389,45.11508],[93.48073,44.97547],[94.68893,44.35233],[95.30688,44.24133],[95.76245,43.31945],[96.3494,42.72564],[97.45176,42.74889],[99.51582,42.52469],[100.84587,42.6638],[101.83304,42.51487],[103.31228,41.90747],[104.52228,41.90835],[104.96499,41.59741],[106.12932,42.13433],[107.74477,42.48152],[109.2436,42.51945],[110.4121,42.87123],[111.12968,43.40683],[111.82959,43.74312],[111.66774,44.07318],[111.34838,44.45744],[111.87331,45.10208],[112.43606,45.01165],[113.46391,44.80889],[114.46033,45.33982],[115.9851,45.72724],[116.71787,46.3882],[117.4217,46.67273],[118.87433,46.80541],[119.66327,46.69268],[119.77282,47.04806],[118.86657,47.74706],[118.06414,48.06673],[117.29551,47.69771],[116.30895,47.85341],[115.74284,47.72654],[115.48528,48.13538],[116.1918,49.1346],[116.6788,49.88853],[117.87924,49.51098],[119.28846,50.14288],[119.27937,50.58291],[120.18205,51.64357],[120.73819,51.96412],[120.72579,52.51623],[120.17709,52.75389],[121.00308,53.2514],[122.24575,53.43173],[123.57151,53.4588],[125.06821,53.16104],[125.94635,52.7928],[126.5644,51.78426],[126.93916,51.35389],[127.28746,50.7398],[127.65741,49.76027]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"China\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d5e4b07f02db5dda50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karlsen, Alex W. (compiler)","contributorId":47833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlsen","given":"Alex","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schultz, Adam C.","contributorId":82752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":205917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Podwysocki, Steven M.","contributorId":90352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podwysocki","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lovern, Vivian S.","contributorId":8841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovern","given":"Vivian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":31408,"text":"ofr01297 - 2001 - The Silent Canyon caldera — A three dimensional model as part of a Pahute Mesa - Oasis Valley, Nevada, hydrogeologic model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T12:30:50.467319","indexId":"ofr01297","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-297","title":"The Silent Canyon caldera — A three dimensional model as part of a Pahute Mesa - Oasis Valley, Nevada, hydrogeologic model","docAbstract":"A 3-dimensional caldera model based on gravity inversion, drill-hole data, and geologic mapping offers the framework for a hydrogeologic evaluation of the Silent Canyon caldera in the central part of Pahute Mesa, Nevada.\n\nIt has been recognized for several decades that the central part of Pahute Mesa is the site of a buried caldera called the Silent Canyon caldera. Conceptually, the structural framework of the Silent Canyon caldera is based on the idea of collapse of the caldera roof over a shallow magma chamber to form a structural basin following violent volcanic eruptions. Calderas are common in certain volcanic regions of the world, and most well-exposed calderas are broadly similar to each other, particularly the arcuate or circular shape of their collapse depression. There are other reasons for modeling the Silent Canyon caldera as a circular feature in addition to knowledge that calderas throughout the world are generally circular features. The Silent Canyon caldera is the site of one of the largest gravity lows in the Western United States, indicating a thick accumulation of low-density rocks such as lavas and tuffs—a fact confirmed by drilling on Pahute Mesa. This gravity low is bowl-shaped, and the uppermost volcanic units on Pahute Mesa form a circular outcrop pattern of inward-dipping tuff interpreted to be the result of their filling the upper part of the bowl-shaped depression. Together, these features are consistent with, and indicative of, a circular collapse structural model for the Silent Canyon caldera. The collapse depression of the Silent Canyon caldera, bounded by arcuate faults, is filled with as much as 6 km (19,800 ft) of volcanic and sedimentary rocks that are considerably less dense than the underlying and surrounding basement rocks. The boundary surface between less dense caldera fill and more dense basement is modeled as the caldera ring fault. Rocks in the upper part of the caldera fill are penetrated by drilling, and the drill-hole data are the basis for 3-dimensional computer modeling of the thickness and distribution of the rock units. The displacement on younger N-S faults that cut the caldera is also determined by offset of the computer derived surfaces defined by the drill-hole intercepts of stratigraphic units.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01297","usgsCitation":"McKee, E.H., Phelps, G.A., and Mankinen, E.A., 2001, The Silent Canyon caldera — A three dimensional model as part of a Pahute Mesa - Oasis Valley, Nevada, hydrogeologic model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-297, i, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01297.","productDescription":"i, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160379,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01297.jpg"},{"id":2524,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0297/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":408770,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43088.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282723,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0297/pdf/of01-297.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Pahute Mesa-Oasis Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.599,\n 37.147\n ],\n [\n -116.599,\n 37.4\n ],\n [\n -116.212,\n 37.4\n ],\n [\n -116.212,\n 37.147\n ],\n [\n -116.599,\n 37.147\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6687c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phelps, Geoffery A.","contributorId":23167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"Geoffery","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31403,"text":"ofr01280 - 2001 - Water-quality, biology, and streambed sediment data and preliminary geochemical interpretations for streams in the upper Prickly Pear Creek watershed, Montana, 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-30T20:58:11.521481","indexId":"ofr01280","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-280","title":"Water-quality, biology, and streambed sediment data and preliminary geochemical interpretations for streams in the upper Prickly Pear Creek watershed, Montana, 2000","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01280","usgsCitation":"Klein, T.L., Thamke, J., and Farag, A.M., 2001, Water-quality, biology, and streambed sediment data and preliminary geochemical interpretations for streams in the upper Prickly Pear Creek watershed, Montana, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-280, iv, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01280.","productDescription":"iv, 59 p.","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393702,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42925.htm"},{"id":2521,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0280/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"upper Prickly Pear Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.231,\n 46.3140\n ],\n [\n -111.875,\n 46.3140\n ],\n [\n -111.875,\n 46.53\n ],\n [\n -112.231,\n 46.53\n ],\n [\n -112.231,\n 46.3140\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4b92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, Terry L. tklein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Terry","email":"tklein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farag, Aida M. 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":1139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":205894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31402,"text":"ofr01267 - 2001 - Spatial variability of sediment erosion processes using GIS analysis within watersheds in a historically mined region, Patagonia Mountains, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-24T12:41:39","indexId":"ofr01267","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-267","title":"Spatial variability of sediment erosion processes using GIS analysis within watersheds in a historically mined region, Patagonia Mountains, Arizona","docAbstract":"In this study, a geographic information system (GIS) is used to integrate and accurately map field studies, information from remotely sensed data, watershed models, and the dispersion of potentially toxic mine waste and tailings. The purpose of this study is to identify erosion rates and net sediment delivery of soil and mine waste/tailings to the drainage channel within several watershed regions to determine source areas of sediment delivery as a method of quantifying geo-environmental analysis of transport mechanisms in abandoned mine lands in arid climate conditions. Users of this study are the researchers interested in exploration of approaches to depicting historical activity in an area which has no baseline data records for environmental analysis of heavily mined terrain.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01267","usgsCitation":"Brady, L., Gray, F., Wissler, C.A., and Guertin, D.P., 2001, Spatial variability of sediment erosion processes using GIS analysis within watersheds in a historically mined region, Patagonia Mountains, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-267, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01267.","productDescription":"51 p.","numberOfPages":"51","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01267.jpg"},{"id":2520,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0267/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282679,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0267/pdf/of01-267.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Patagonia Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0153,31.3322 ], [ -111.0153,31.7113 ], [ -110.4954,31.7113 ], [ -110.4954,31.3322 ], [ -111.0153,31.3322 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6356ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, Laura M.","contributorId":20601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Laura M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, Floyd 0000-0002-0223-8966 fgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-8966","contributorId":603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Floyd","email":"fgray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wissler, Craig A.","contributorId":98585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wissler","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guertin, D. Phillip","contributorId":46062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guertin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Phillip","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":205891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":31401,"text":"ofr01266 - 2001 - Multibeam mapping of the major deltas of southern Puget Sound, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-24T11:52:32","indexId":"ofr01266","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-266","title":"Multibeam mapping of the major deltas of southern Puget Sound, Washington","docAbstract":"A magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck southern Puget Sound, Washington, USA on February 28, 2001 causing an estimated $0.7 billion to $1.4 billion in damages to the surrounding area (Williams et al, 2001). The epicenter was close to the Nisqually delta, one of three major deltas in southern Puget Sound (Figure 1). The Nisqually delta is a wildlife refuge but the other two deltas, the Duwamish delta in Seattle and the Puyallup delta in Tacoma, support extensive infrastructure, including major port facilities at the delta edges. Teams of geologists inspected the area immediately after the earthquake and reported liquefaction features and areas of vertical ground displacement in the Ports of Seattle and Tacoma as well as the presence of \"mud plumes\" in the waters of Puget Sound. A joint NOAA/USGS cruise was rapidly assembled in March 2001 (3/19/01 to 3/30/01) to map the bathymetry of the delta fronts using the high-resolution multibeam systems of the NOAA Ship Rainier. The mapping discovered a variety of submarine failures on the Puyallup and Duwamish delta fronts that may be related to the earthquake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01266","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J.V., van den Ameele, E., and Dartnell, P., 2001, Multibeam mapping of the major deltas of southern Puget Sound, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-266, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01266.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01266.PNG"},{"id":2519,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0266/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282675,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0266/html/intro.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0859,47.0346 ], [ -123.0859,48.4526 ], [ -122.2023,48.4526 ], [ -122.2023,47.0346 ], [ -123.0859,47.0346 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698be6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":93035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van den Ameele, E. J.","contributorId":29734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van den Ameele","given":"E. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31399,"text":"ofr01263 - 2001 - Petrography and physical properties of selected rock types associated with the Hayward Fault, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T12:49:53.735707","indexId":"ofr01263","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-263","title":"Petrography and physical properties of selected rock types associated with the Hayward Fault, California","docAbstract":"This report provides brief petrographic descriptions of rock samples collected from the vicinity of the Hayward Fault, Northern California. Two groups of rock samples are represented here:\n\nA set of six samples that were used for laboratory measurements of P- and S-wave velocity , strength, density, and porosity. This group was examined using standard petrographic microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron microprobe techniques on polished thin sections.\nA larger group of samples, most of them 1\"-diameter cores, on which density and magnetic susceptibility measurements were made as part of gravity and magnetic surveys of the Hayward Fault. Because this second group of samples received less extensive laboratory study, examination of them was limited to standard petrographic microscope examination of covered thin sections. The density and susceptibility measurements of this second group of samples are included in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01263","usgsCitation":"Moore, D.E., and Ponce, D.A., 2001, Petrography and physical properties of selected rock types associated with the Hayward Fault, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-263, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01263.","productDescription":"33 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160576,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01263.jpg"},{"id":282649,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0263/pdf/OF01-263.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2517,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0263/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hayward Fault","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.216667,37.616667 ], [ -122.216667,37.833333 ], [ -122.0,37.833333 ], [ -122.0,37.616667 ], [ -122.216667,37.616667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68809e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075 dmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":2704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane","email":"dmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31398,"text":"ofr01258 - 2001 - Metal loading assessment of a small mountainous sub-basin characterized by acid drainage -- Prospect Gulch, upper Animas River watershed, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:08","indexId":"ofr01258","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-258","title":"Metal loading assessment of a small mountainous sub-basin characterized by acid drainage -- Prospect Gulch, upper Animas River watershed, Colorado","docAbstract":"strongly affected by natural acidity from pyrite weathering.\r\nMetal content in the water column is a composite of multiple\r\nsources affected by hydrologic, geologic, climatic, and anthropogenic\r\nconditions. Identifying sources of metals from various\r\ndrainage areas was determined using a tracer injection approach\r\nand synoptic sampling during low flow conditions on September\r\n29, 1999 to determine loads. The tracer data was interpreted\r\nin conjunction with detailed geologic mapping, topographic profiling,\r\ngeochemical characterization, and the occurrence and\r\ndistribution of trace metals to identify sources of ground-water\r\ninflows. For this highly mineralized sub-basin, we demonstrate\r\nthat SO4, Al, and Fe load contributions from drainage areas that\r\nhave experienced historical mining?although substantial?are\r\nrelatively insignificant in comparison with SO4, Al, and Fe\r\nloads from areas experiencing natural weathering of highlyaltered,\r\npyritic rocks.\r\nRegional weathering of acid-sulfate mineral assemblages\r\nproduces moderately low pH waters elevated in SO4, Al, and\r\nFe; but generally lacking in Cu, Cd, Ni, and Pb. Samples\r\nimpacted by mining are also characterized by low pH and large\r\nconcentrations of SO4, Al, and Fe; but contained elevated dissolved\r\nmetals from ore-bearing vein minerals such as Cu, Zn,\r\nCd, Ni, and Pb. Occurrences of dissolved trace metals were\r\nhelpful in identifying ground-water sources and flow paths. For\r\nexample, cadmium was greatest in inflows associated with\r\ndrainage from inactive mine sites and absent in inflows that\r\nwere unaffected by past mining activities and thus served as an\r\nimportant indicator of mining contamination for this environmental\r\nsetting.\r\nThe most heavily mine-impacted reach (PG153 to PG800),\r\ncontributed 8% of the discharge, and 11%, 9%, and 12% of the\r\ntotal SO4, Al, and Fe loads in Prospect Gulch. The same reach\r\nyielded 59% and 37% of the total Cu and Zn loads for the subbasin.\r\nIn contrast, the naturally acidic inflows from the Red\r\nChemotroph iron spring yielded 39% of the discharge and 54%,\r\n73%, and 87% of the SO4, Al, and Fe loads; but only 4% of the\r\ntotal Cu and 30% of the total Zn loads in Prospect Gulch.\r\nBase flow from the Prospect Gulch sub-basin contributes\r\nabout 4.8 percent of the total discharge at the mouth of Cement\r\nCreek; compared with sampled instream loads of 1.8%, 8.8%,\r\n15.9%, 28%, and 8.6% for SO4, Al, Fe, Cu and Zn, respectively.\r\nWater-shed scale remediation efforts targeted at reducing loads\r\nof SO4, Al, and Fe at inactive mine sites are likely to fail\r\nbecause the major sources of these constituents in Prospect\r\nGulch are predominantly discharged from natural sources.\r\nRemediation goals aimed at reducing acidity and loads of Cu\r\nand other base metals, may succeed, however, because changes\r\nin pH and loads are disproportionately greater than increases in\r\ndischarge over the same reach, and a substantial fraction of the\r\nmetal loading is from mining-impacted reaches. Whether remediation\r\nof abandoned mines in Prospect Gulch can be successful\r\ndepends on how goals are defined?that is, whether the objective\r\nis to reduce loads of SO4, Al, and Fe; or whether loads of\r\nCu and other base metals and pH are targeted.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01258","usgsCitation":"Wirt, L., Leib, K.J., Melick, R., and Bove, D.J., 2001, Metal loading assessment of a small mountainous sub-basin characterized by acid drainage -- Prospect Gulch, upper Animas River watershed, Colorado (Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-258, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01258.","productDescription":"36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2516,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0258/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48afe4b07f02db52f212","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wirt, Laurie","contributorId":13204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirt","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leib, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-0373-0768 kjleib@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-0768","contributorId":701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leib","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjleib@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melick, Roger","contributorId":100033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melick","given":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bove, Dana J. dbove@usgs.gov","contributorId":4855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bove","given":"Dana","email":"dbove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":31394,"text":"ofr01237 - 2001 - Eagle Mountain Mine: Geology of the former Kaiser Steel Operation in Riverside County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-26T18:25:24.100894","indexId":"ofr01237","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-237","title":"Eagle Mountain Mine: Geology of the former Kaiser Steel Operation in Riverside County, California","docAbstract":"This investigation of the Eagle Mountain Mine area, though cursory, revealed new structural, alteration, and stratigraphic relations. Eagle Mountain ores were previously an important source of iron to the western U. S. Ore (where fresh) is magnetite-pyrite rock forming two stratabound horizons virtually continuous for 11 km.\n\nGneissic basement rocks are overlain by two sedimentary units, separated by unconformities. The lower unit contains carbonate rocks and quartzite; the \"vitreous quartzite\" of previous workers, however, is an alteration feature rather than a stratigraphic one. The upper unit contains thick conglomerates. This layered sequence of rocks is deformed into a west-plunging anticline. Intrusion by Jurassic quartz monzonite apparently followed this deformation.\n\nQuartz monzonite forms a branching network of sills, some of which dilate the contact between the upper and lower sedimentary sequences. Intrusion resulted in extensive, mostly-anhydrous skarns, but stratabound iron ore is just as closely related to some other features:\n\nregional alteration of quartz monzonite, with iron ore adjacent to little-altered rocks along the boundary between sodic and potassic domains,\nthe two unconformities, which apparently formed stratigraphic traps for precipitation of stratabound iron ores,\na north-facing monoclinal plane between folds, which was preferentially replaced.\nIron ore replaces a variety of host rocks along the two unconformities, forming massive to globular bodies, and its mineralogy correlates with deuteric alteration features, not anhydrous skarn. Its pyrite contains as much as 3% cobalt.\n\nIron was only one of five elements that showed mobility in this region on a scale that suggests basic crustal processes. The others in probable order of flux magnitude are silica, magnesium, sodium, and potassium, to form regionally distributed “vitreous quartzite”, dolomite, and secondary feldspars, respectively.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01237","usgsCitation":"Force, E.R., 2001, Eagle Mountain Mine: Geology of the former Kaiser Steel Operation in Riverside County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-237, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01237.","productDescription":"16 p.","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160664,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282626,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0237/pdf/of01-237.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":406870,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43367.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2513,"rank":5,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0237/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282627,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0237/readme.doc"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","otherGeospatial":"Eagle Mountain Mine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.55282592773438,\n 33.81794822741499\n ],\n [\n -115.43472290039062,\n 33.81794822741499\n ],\n [\n -115.43472290039062,\n 33.910314751382735\n ],\n [\n -115.55282592773438,\n 33.910314751382735\n ],\n [\n -115.55282592773438,\n 33.81794822741499\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c2bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Force, Eric R.","contributorId":32916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Force","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31393,"text":"ofr01231 - 2001 - Topographic surveying using the Sokkisha SET2 electronic total station with the NEC MOBILE PRO 780 computer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:18","indexId":"ofr01231","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-231","title":"Topographic surveying using the Sokkisha SET2 electronic total station with the NEC MOBILE PRO 780 computer","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01231","usgsCitation":"Lassner, L.A., and Lucius, J.E., 2001, Topographic surveying using the Sokkisha SET2 electronic total station with the NEC MOBILE PRO 780 computer (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-231, 13 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01231.","productDescription":"13 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3065,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0231/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":163463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0231/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59771,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0231/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629b8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lassner, Lisa A.","contributorId":41061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lassner","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucius, Jeffrey E. lucius@usgs.gov","contributorId":817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucius","given":"Jeffrey","email":"lucius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31391,"text":"ofr01229 - 2001 - Map showing plutons and accreted terranes of the Sierra Nevada, California, with a tabulation of U/Pb isotopic ages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T20:40:12.130324","indexId":"ofr01229","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-229","title":"Map showing plutons and accreted terranes of the Sierra Nevada, California, with a tabulation of U/Pb isotopic ages","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01229","usgsCitation":"Irwin, W., and Wooden, J., 2001, Map showing plutons and accreted terranes of the Sierra Nevada, California, with a tabulation of U/Pb isotopic ages: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-229, 1 Plate: 37.19 x 32.21 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01229.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 37.19 x 32.21 inches","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01229.jpg"},{"id":282624,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0229/pdf/of01-229.pdf"},{"id":282625,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0229/of01-229.eps"},{"id":282623,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0229/"},{"id":395486,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_40934.htm"}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.4541015625,\n 35.34425514918409\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 35.34425514918409\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -120.4541015625,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -120.4541015625,\n 35.34425514918409\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656bb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":32209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31390,"text":"ofr01224 - 2001 - Iron and steel recycling in the United States in 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:18","indexId":"ofr01224","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-224","title":"Iron and steel recycling in the United States in 1998","docAbstract":"Consumption of iron and steel scrap and the health of the scrap industry depend directly on the health of the steelmaking industry. The United States, as well as most of the world, is expected to consume increasing amounts of scrap as a steadily increasing population demands more steel products. World resources of scrap should be sufficient for the foreseeable future. An estimated 75 million metric tons (Mt) of scrap was generated during 1998 in the United States, and 35 Mt of old scrap and 18 Mt of new scrap was consumed. The recycling efficiency was calculated to be 52%, and the recycling rate was found to be 41%. (See appendix for definitions.)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01224","usgsCitation":"Fenton, M.D., 2001, Iron and steel recycling in the United States in 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-224, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01224.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3063,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of01-224/ ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66731b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenton, Michael D. mfenton@usgs.gov","contributorId":2897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenton","given":"Michael","email":"mfenton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31389,"text":"ofr2001221 - 2001 - Resource materials for a GIS spatial analysis course","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:18","indexId":"ofr2001221","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-221","title":"Resource materials for a GIS spatial analysis course","docAbstract":"This report consists of materials prepared for a GIS spatial analysis course offered as part of the Geography curriculum at the University of Nevada, Reno and the University of California at Santa Barbara in the spring of 2000. The report is intended to share information with instructors preparing spatial-modeling training and scientists with advanced GIS expertise. The students taking this class had completed each universities GIS curriculum and had a foundation in statistics as part of a science major. This report is organized into chapters that contain the following:\r\n\r\n\r\nSlides used during lectures,\r\n\r\nGuidance on the use of Arcview,\r\n\r\nIntroduction to filtering in Arcview,\r\n\r\nConventional and spatial correlation in Arcview,\r\n\r\nTools for fuzzification in Arcview,\r\n\r\nData and instructions for creating using ArcSDM for simple weights-of-evidence, fuzzy logic, and neural network models for Carlin-type gold deposits in central Nevada,\r\n\r\nReading list on spatial modeling, and\r\n\r\nSelected student spatial-modeling posters from the laboratory exercises. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr2001221","usgsCitation":"Raines, G.L., 2001, Resource materials for a GIS spatial analysis course (Online version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-221, 216 p.; data files; 1 p. readme text, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2001221.","productDescription":"216 p.; data files; 1 p. readme text","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10483,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-221/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a04e4b07f02db5f84c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, Gary L.","contributorId":48162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31356,"text":"ofr99130 - 2001 - Geologic map of the Lockwood Valley Quadrangle, Ventura County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:07","indexId":"ofr99130","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-130","title":"Geologic map of the Lockwood Valley Quadrangle, Ventura County, California","docAbstract":"The Lockwood Valley quadrangle is located in the western Transverse Ranges of California, about 10 km southwest of Frazier Park. It includes the western flank of Frazier Mountain, southern Lockwood Valley, and a region of the Los Padres National Forest near northern Piru Creek.\r\n\r\n The oldest rocks are mostly biotite augen gneiss, in the hanging wall of the Frazier Mountain thrust and in a large body south of the thrust. A U-Pb zircon age for the gneiss is 1690+5 Ma (W. Premo, unpublished data). Two Cretaceous intrusive rocks are named the quartz monzonite of Sheep Creek and the coarse-grained granodiorite of Lockwood Peak. A U-Pb zircon age on the latter is 76.05+0.22 Ma (W. Premo, unpublished data).\r\n\r\n The northeastern edge of a large Eocene marine basin, comprising the sandstones, shales, and conglomerates of the Juncal Formation, occupies the southwestern 25 percent of the quadrangle. Miocene fluvial rocks, including coarse boulder conglomerates, sandstones, and shale, of the Caliente Formation crop out mostly in the northwestern part of the quadrangle. Commercially exploitable Lockwood Clay unconformably overlies the Caliente, which, in turn, is overlain by the mostly fluvial Pliocene Quatal Formation.\r\n\r\n Two major south-directed thrusts, the Frazier Mountain thrust and the South Frazier Mountain thrust, place crystalline rocks over Miocene and Pliocene sedimentary rocks. The South Frazier Mountain thrust is transected by the newly recognized, north-directed Lockwood Peak reverse fault. In addition, the newly recognized south-directed Yellowjacket thrust displaces rocks of the Pliocene Quatal Formation.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr99130","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, K., 2001, Geologic map of the Lockwood Valley Quadrangle, Ventura County, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-130, 8 p., 1 over-size sheet., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99130.","productDescription":"8 p., 1 over-size sheet.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110151,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34849.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"34849"},{"id":160931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3021,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0130/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6963a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S.","contributorId":89896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31363,"text":"ofr200155 - 2001 - Evaluation of the location and recency of faulting near prospective surface facilities in Midway Valley, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-01T19:59:25.772334","indexId":"ofr200155","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-55","title":"Evaluation of the location and recency of faulting near prospective surface facilities in Midway Valley, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Evaluation of surface faulting that may pose a hazard to prospective surface facilities is an important element of the tectonic studies for the potential Yucca Mountain high-level radioactive waste repository in southwestern Nevada. For this purpose, a program of detailed geologic mapping and trenching was done to obtain surface and near-surface geologic data that are essential for determining the location and recency of faults at a prospective surface-facilities site located east of Exile Hill in Midway Valley, near the eastern base of Yucca Mountain. The dominant tectonic features in the Midway Valley area are the north- to northeast-trending, west-dipping normal faults that bound the Midway Valley structural block-the Bow Ridge fault on the west side of Exile Hill and the Paint-brush Canyon fault on the east side of the valley. Trenching of Quaternary sediments has exposed evidence of displacements, which demonstrate that these block-bounding faults repeatedly ruptured the surface during the middle to late Quaternary. Geologic mapping, subsurface borehole and geophysical data, and the results of trenching activities indicate the presence of north- to northeast-trending faults and northwest-trending faults in Tertiary volcanic rocks beneath alluvial and colluvial sediments near the prospective surface-facilities site. North to northeast-trending faults include the Exile Hill fault along the eastern base of Exile Hill and faults to the east beneath the surficial deposits of Midway Valley. These faults have no geomorphic expression, but two north- to northeast-trending zones of fractures exposed in excavated profiles of middle to late Pleistocene deposits at the prospective surface-facilities site appear to be associated with these faults. Northwest-trending faults include the West Portal and East Portal faults, but no disruption of Quaternary deposits by these faults is evident. The western zone of fractures is associated with the Exile Hill fault. The eastern zone of fractures is within Quaternary alluvial sediments, but no bedrock was encountered in trenches and soil pits in this part of the prospective surface facilities site; thus, the direct association of this zone with one or more bedrock faults is uncertain. No displacement of lithologic contacts and soil horizons could be detected in the fractured Quaternary deposits. The results of these investigations imply the absence of any appreciable late Quaternary faulting activity at the prospective surface-facilities site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr200155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office, U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Swan, F., Wesling, J., Angell, M.M., Thomas, A.P., Whitney, J., and Gibson, J.D., 2001, Evaluation of the location and recency of faulting near prospective surface facilities in Midway Valley, Nye County, Nevada (Version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-55, vi, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr200155.","productDescription":"vi, 66 p.","costCenters":[{"id":226,"text":"Earth Science Investigations Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9824,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/771112-GgLvJI/native/771112.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":9822,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/bridge/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=771112","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402880,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46523.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Midway Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.4389,\n 36.8431\n ],\n [\n -116.4208,\n 36.8431\n ],\n [\n -116.4208,\n 36.8611\n ],\n [\n -116.4389,\n 36.8611\n ],\n [\n -116.4389,\n 36.8431\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa5ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swan, F. H.","contributorId":71982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swan","given":"F. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wesling, J. R.","contributorId":34163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesling","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angell, M. M.","contributorId":72428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, A. P.","contributorId":33743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whitney, J.W.","contributorId":27437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gibson, J. D.","contributorId":37783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":31364,"text":"ofr0184 - 2001 - Concentrations for total dissolved solids, arsenic, boron, fluoride, and nitrite-nitrate for wells sampled in the Mojave Water Agency Management Area, California, 1991-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T11:08:07","indexId":"ofr0184","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-84","title":"Concentrations for total dissolved solids, arsenic, boron, fluoride, and nitrite-nitrate for wells sampled in the Mojave Water Agency Management Area, California, 1991-97","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0184","usgsCitation":"Christensen, A.H., and Fields-Garland, L.S., 2001, Concentrations for total dissolved solids, arsenic, boron, fluoride, and nitrite-nitrate for wells sampled in the Mojave Water Agency Management Area, California, 1991-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-84, One CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0184.","productDescription":"One CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":264625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0084/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":264624,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0084/report.pdf","size":"829","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":313035,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0084/ofr0184.zip","text":"Downloads","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5589","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, Allen H. 0000-0002-7061-5591 ahchrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-5591","contributorId":1510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Allen","email":"ahchrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fields-Garland, L. S.","contributorId":9308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fields-Garland","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}