This study was implemented to determine if western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) populations in the Grassland Water District suffer from impaired reproduction because of seleniferous inflows of agricultural drainwater from the Grassland Bypass Project. During June to July 2001, laboratory trials with pregnant female fish collected from two seleniferous treatment sites exposed to selenium-laden drainwater and two nonseleniferous reference sites yielded fry that averaged >96% survival at birth. In addition, none of the newborn fry exhibited evidence of teratogenesis, a typical consequence of selenium toxicity. Chemical analysis of postpartum female fish and their newborn fry indicated that mosquitofish from seleniferous sites accumulated relatively high body burdens of selenium (3.96 to 17.5 μg selenium/g in postpartum female fish and 5.35 to 29.2 μg selenium/g in their fry), whereas those from nonseleniferous sites contained lower body burdens (0.40 to 2.72 μg selenium/g in postpartum female fish and 0.61 to 4.68 μg selenium/g in their fry). Collectively, these results strongly suggest that mosquitofish inhabiting selenium-contaminated waters are not experiencing adverse reproductive effects at current levels of selenium exposure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-004-2051-3","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Saiki, M.K., Martin, B., and May, T., 2004, Reproductive status of western mosquitofish inhabiting selenium- contaminated waters in the Grassland Water District, Merced County, California: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 47, no. 3, p. 363-369, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-004-2051-3.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"369","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208502,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-004-2051-3"},{"id":234280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Merced","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.88256835937499,\n 37.30628331057527\n ],\n [\n -120.99311828613283,\n 37.27186719156333\n ],\n [\n -120.77133178710936,\n 36.9669008480318\n ],\n [\n -120.65322875976562,\n 36.98226060528268\n ],\n [\n -120.78369140624999,\n 37.228141500433615\n ],\n [\n -120.87020874023438,\n 37.30519097732609\n ],\n [\n -120.88256835937499,\n 37.30628331057527\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa8dfe4b0c8380cd85ae4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saiki, M. K.","contributorId":28917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, B.A.","contributorId":91269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026704,"text":"70026704 - 2004 - Formation of a paleothermal anomaly and disseminated gold deposits associated with the Bingham Canyon porphyry Cu-Au-Mo system, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026704","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation of a paleothermal anomaly and disseminated gold deposits associated with the Bingham Canyon porphyry Cu-Au-Mo system, Utah","docAbstract":"The thermal history of the Oquirrh Mountains, Utah, indicates that hydrothermal fluids associated with emplacement of the 37 Ma Bingham Canyon porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit extended at least 10 km north of the Bingham pit. An associated paleothermal anomaly enclosed the Barneys Canyon and Melco disseminated gold deposits and several smaller gold deposits between them. Previous studies have shown the Barneys Canyon deposit is near the outer limit of an irregular distal Au-As geochemical halo, about 3 km beyond an intermediate Pb-Zn halo, and 7 km beyond a proximal pyrite halo centered on the Bingham porphyry copper deposit. The Melco deposit also lies near the outer limit of the Au-As halo. Analysis of several geothermometers from samples collected tip to 22 km north of the Bingham Canyon porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit indicate that most sedimentary rocks of the Oquirrh Mountains, including those at the gold deposits, have not been regionally heated beyond the \"oil window\" (less than about 150??C). For geologically reasonable heating durations, the maximum sustained temperature at Melco, 6 km north of the Bingham pit, and at Barneys Canyon, 7.5 km north of the pit, was between 100??C and 140??C, as indicated by combinations of conodont color alteration indices of 1.5 to 2, mean random solid bitumen reflectance of about 1.0 percent, lack of annealing of zircon fission tracks, and partial to complete annealing of apatite fission tracks. The pattern of reset apatite fission-track ages indicates that the gold deposits are located approximately on the 120??C isotherm of the 37 Ma paleothermal anomaly assuming a heating duration of about 106 years. The conodont data further constrain the duration of heating to between 5 ?? 104 and 106 years at approximately 120??C. The ??18O of quartzite host rocks generally increases from about 12.6 per mil at the porphyry to about 15.8 per mil approximately 11 km from the Bingham deposit. This change reflects interaction of interstitial clays in the quartzite with circulating meteoric water related to the Bingham Canyon porphyry system. The ??18O and ??13C values of limestone vary with respect to degree of recrystallization and proximity to open fractures. Recrystallized limestone at the Melco and Barneys Canyon gold deposits has the highest ??18O values (about 30???), whereas limestone adjacent to the porphyry copper deposit has the lowest values (about 10???). The high ??18O values for the recrystallized limestone at Barneys Canyon and Melco strongly suggest that mineralization was related to low temperature fluids with exceptionally high ??18OH2O values such as could be derived from water in a crater lake of an active volcano. The age of formation of the gold deposits has been interpreted to range from Jurassic to Eocene. The mineralized rocks at the Barneys Canyon and Melco deposits are likely the same age as the geochemically similar deposits that are present in north-striking, late faults that cut the Bingham Canyon porphyry. The patterns of apatite and zircon fission-track data, conodont color alteration indices, solid bitumen reflectivity, stable isotope data, and mineral zoning are consistent with the gold deposits being genetically related to formation of the 37 Ma Bingham porphyry deposit. We interpret the disseminated gold mineralization to be related to collapse of the Bingham Canyon hydrothermal system in which isotopically heavy, oxidizing, acidic waters, possibly from an internally draining acidic crater lake, mixed with and were entrained into reduced gold-bearing meteoric water fluids in the collapsing main-stage hydrothermal system. Most of this fluid mixing and cooling was probably located close to the hydrologic interface between the sedimentary basement rocks and overlying volcanic rocks. ??2004 by Economic Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/99.4.789","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, C.G., Austin, G., Naeser, C.W., Rye, R.O., Ballantyne, G., Stamm, R., and Barker, C., 2004, Formation of a paleothermal anomaly and disseminated gold deposits associated with the Bingham Canyon porphyry Cu-Au-Mo system, Utah: Economic Geology, v. 99, no. 4, p. 789-806, https://doi.org/10.2113/99.4.789.","startPage":"789","endPage":"806","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208483,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/99.4.789"},{"id":234251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a134de4b0c8380cd545d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, C. G.","contributorId":76741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"C.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Austin, G.W.","contributorId":20947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ballantyne, G.H.","contributorId":17405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballantyne","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stamm, R.G.","contributorId":59476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barker, C.E.","contributorId":69991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70027154,"text":"70027154 - 2004 - Methods for estimating adsorbed uranium(VI) and distribution coefficients of contaminated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:06:43","indexId":"70027154","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods for estimating adsorbed uranium(VI) and distribution coefficients of contaminated sediments","docAbstract":"Assessing the quantity of U(VI) that participates in sorption/desorption processes in a contaminated aquifer is an important task when investigating U migration behavior. U-contaminated aquifer sediments were obtained from 16 different locations at a former U mill tailings site at Naturita, CO (U.S.A.) and were extracted with an artificial groundwater, a high pH sodium bicarbonate solution, hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution, and concentrated nitric acid. With an isotopic exchange method, both a KD value for the specific experimental conditions as well as the total exchangeable mass of U(VI) was determined. Except for one sample, KD values determined by isotopic exchange with U-contaminated sediments that were in equilibrium with atmospheric CO2 agreed within a factor of 2 with KD values predicted from a nonelectrostatic surface complexation model (NEM) developed from U(VI) adsorption experiments with uncontaminated sediments. The labile fraction of U(VI) and U extracted by the bicarbonate solution were highly correlated (r2 = 0.997), with a slope of 0.96 ?? 0.01. The proximity of the slope to one suggests that both methods likely access the same reservoir of U(VI) associated with the sediments. The results indicate that the bicarbonate extraction method is useful for estimating the mass of labile U(VI) in sediments that do not contain U(IV). In-situ KD values calculated from the measured labile U(VI) and the dissolved U(VI) in the Naturita alluvial aquifer agreed within a factor of 3 with in-situ K D values predicted with the NEM and groundwater chemistry at each well.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0341236","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Kohler, M., Curtis, G., Meece, D., and Davis, J., 2004, Methods for estimating adsorbed uranium(VI) and distribution coefficients of contaminated sediments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 1, p. 240-247, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0341236.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"240","endPage":"247","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209272,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0341236"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a558ae4b0c8380cd6d228","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kohler, M.","contributorId":32694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Curtis, G.P.","contributorId":65619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meece, D.E.","contributorId":107893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meece","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1003991,"text":"1003991 - 2004 - Recombinant F1-V fusion protein protects black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) against virulent Yersinia pestis infection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T16:04:42","indexId":"1003991","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recombinant F1-V fusion protein protects black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) against virulent Yersinia pestis infection","docAbstract":"Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) are highly susceptible to sylvatic plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, and this disease has severely hampered efforts to restore ferrets to their historic range. A study was conducted to assess the efficacy of vaccination of black-footed ferrets against plague using a recombinant protein vaccine, designated F1-V, developed by personnel at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases. Seven postreproductive black-footed ferrets were immunized with the vaccine, followed by two booster immunizations on days 23 and 154; three control black-footed ferrets received a placebo. After the second immunization, antibody titers to both F1 and V antigen were found to be significantly higher in vaccinates than controls. On challenge with 7,800 colony-forming units of virulent plague by s.c. injection, the three control animals died within 3 days, but six of seven vaccinates survived with no ill effects. The seventh vaccinate died on day 8. These results indicate that black-footed ferrets can be immunized against plague induced by the s.c. route, similar to fleabite injection.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","doi":"10.1638/03-021","usgsCitation":"Rocke, T.E., Mencher, J., Smith, S., Friedlander, A.M., Andrews, G., and Baeten, L., 2004, Recombinant F1-V fusion protein protects black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) against virulent Yersinia pestis infection: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 35, no. 2, p. 142-146, https://doi.org/10.1638/03-021.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269404,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1638/03-021"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db6449a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mencher, J.","contributorId":95010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mencher","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Susan 0000-0001-6478-5028 susansmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6478-5028","contributorId":139497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Susan","email":"susansmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":314852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedlander, A. M.","contributorId":38099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedlander","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andrews, G.P.","contributorId":83474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baeten, L. A.","contributorId":40929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baeten","given":"L. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70026705,"text":"70026705 - 2004 - Engelmann Spruce (Picea engelmannii) as a biological monitor of changes in soil metal loading related to past mining activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026705","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Engelmann Spruce (Picea engelmannii) as a biological monitor of changes in soil metal loading related to past mining activity","docAbstract":"Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) is the dominant tree species in many abandoned mine areas of the Rocky Mountains. It is long-lived, and therefore, may act as a long term biological monitor of changes in soil chemistry caused by past mining activity. In this study, laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) was used to analyze individual tree rings of Engelmann spruce for Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Mn, Pb and Sr concentrations. Cores were obtained from trees growing in tailings-impacted and control (non-tailings impacted) sites near the Waldorf mine (Waldorf, CO, USA). Zinc, Cu, Fe, Cd, Pb and Sr concentrations remained low and consistent over time in the control tree rings. However, in the tailings impacted cores, concentrations of Zn, Cu, Fe and Cd increase significantly in post-mining rings. In addition, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Cd concentrations in pre-mining rings of both the control and tailings impacted cores are similar, indicating that present day soil concentrations of these elements in the control area are a reasonable estimation of background for this area. Lead and Sr concentrations in control and tailings-impacted rings remained similar and relatively constant through time and are not useful in determining changes in soil chemistry due to past mining activity. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.022","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Witte, K., Wanty, R., and Ridley, W., 2004, Engelmann Spruce (Picea engelmannii) as a biological monitor of changes in soil metal loading related to past mining activity: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, no. 9, p. 1367-1376, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.022.","startPage":"1367","endPage":"1376","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208505,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.022"}],"volume":"19","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0953e4b0c8380cd51e8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witte, K.M.","contributorId":88129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witte","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ridley, W.I.","contributorId":72122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027160,"text":"70027160 - 2004 - Comparative susceptibility of Atlantic salmon, lake trout and rainbow trout to Myxobolus cerebralis in controlled laboratory exposures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-09T15:59:21.821262","indexId":"70027160","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comparative susceptibility of Atlantic salmon, lake trout and rainbow trout to Myxobolus cerebralis in controlled laboratory exposures","title":"Comparative susceptibility of Atlantic salmon, lake trout and rainbow trout to Myxobolus cerebralis in controlled laboratory exposures","docAbstract":"The susceptibility of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease, was compared in controlled laboratory exposures. A total of 450 (225 for each dose) fry for each species were exposed to a low (200 spores per fish) or high (2000 spores per fish) dose of the infective triactinomyxon. At 22 wk post-exposure, 60 fish from each group, as well as controls for each species, were examined for clinical signs (whirling behavior, blacktail, deformed heads and skeletal deformities), microscopic lesions, and presence of spores. Rainbow trout were highly susceptible to infection, with 100% being positive for spores and with microscopic pathological changes in both exposure groups. Rainbow trout were the only species to show whirling behavior and blacktail. Atlantic salmon were less susceptible, with only 44 and 61% being positive for spores, respectively, in the low and high dose groups, while 68 and 75%, respectively, had microscopic pathology associated with cartilage damage. Rainbow trout heads contained mean spore concentrations of 2.2 (low dose) or 4.0 (high dose) × 106 spores g tissue-1. The means for positive Atlantic salmon (not including zero values) were 1.7 (low) and 7.4 (high) × 104 spores g tissue-1. Lake trout showed no clinical signs of infection, were negative for spores in both groups and showed no histopathological signs of M. cerebralis infection.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao058027","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Densmore, C.L., Schill, W.B., Cartwright, D.D., and Page, S., 2004, Comparative susceptibility of Atlantic salmon, lake trout and rainbow trout to Myxobolus cerebralis in controlled laboratory exposures: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 58, no. 1, p. 27-34, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao058027.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"34","costCenters":[{"id":418,"text":"National Fish Health Research Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478248,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao058027","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f82be4b0c8380cd4cf06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Christine L.","contributorId":18316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schill, W. B.","contributorId":60146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cartwright, Deborah D.","contributorId":28202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Page, S.J.","contributorId":42402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027153,"text":"70027153 - 2004 - Field and laboratory arsenic speciation methods and their application to natural-water analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:26","indexId":"70027153","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field and laboratory arsenic speciation methods and their application to natural-water analysis","docAbstract":"The toxic and carcinogenic properties of inorganic and organic arsenic species make their determination in natural water vitally important. Determination of individual inorganic and organic arsenic species is critical because the toxicology, mobility, and adsorptivity vary substantially. Several methods for the speciation of arsenic in groundwater, surface-water, and acid mine drainage sample matrices using field and laboratory techniques are presented. The methods provide quantitative determination of arsenite [As(III)], arsenate [As(V)], monomethylarsonate (MMA), dimethylarsinate (DMA), and roxarsone in 2-8min at detection limits of less than 1??g arsenic per liter (??g AsL-1). All the methods use anion exchange chromatography to separate the arsenic species and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry as an arsenic-specific detector. Different methods were needed because some sample matrices did not have all arsenic species present or were incompatible with particular high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) mobile phases. The bias and variability of the methods were evaluated using total arsenic, As(III), As(V), DMA, and MMA results from more than 100 surface-water, groundwater, and acid mine drainage samples, and reference materials. Concentrations in test samples were as much as 13,000??g AsL-1 for As(III) and 3700??g AsL-1 for As(V). Methylated arsenic species were less than 100??g AsL-1 and were found only in certain surface-water samples, and roxarsone was not detected in any of the water samples tested. The distribution of inorganic arsenic species in the test samples ranged from 0% to 90% As(III). Laboratory-speciation method variability for As(III), As(V), MMA, and DMA in reagent water at 0.5??g AsL-1 was 8-13% (n=7). Field-speciation method variability for As(III) and As(V) at 1??g AsL-1 in reagent water was 3-4% (n=3). ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2003.09.034","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Bednar, A., Garbarino, J., Burkhardt, M., Ranville, J., and Wildeman, T., 2004, Field and laboratory arsenic speciation methods and their application to natural-water analysis: Water Research, v. 38, no. 2, p. 355-364, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.09.034.","startPage":"355","endPage":"364","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209245,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.09.034"},{"id":235519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fa2e4b0c8380cd5396e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bednar, A.J.","contributorId":67247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bednar","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garbarino, J.R.","contributorId":76326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkhardt, M.R.","contributorId":70410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ranville, J. F.","contributorId":54245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranville","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wildeman, T.R.","contributorId":30248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildeman","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027151,"text":"70027151 - 2004 - Fast ground-water mixing and basal recharge in an unconfined, alluvial aquifer, Konza LTER Site, Northeastern Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:26","indexId":"70027151","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fast ground-water mixing and basal recharge in an unconfined, alluvial aquifer, Konza LTER Site, Northeastern Kansas","docAbstract":"Ground-water chemistry and water levels at three levels in a well nest were monitored biweekly for two and a half years in a shallow unconfined floodplain aquifer in order to study the dynamics of such shallow aquifers. The aquifer, in northeastern Kansas, consists of high porosity, low hydraulic conductivity fine-grained sediments dominated by silt and bounded by fractured limestone and shale bedrock. Results show that the aquifer underwent chemical stratification followed by homogenization three times during the study period. The length of time between maximum stratification and complete homogenization was 3-5 months. The chemical parameters most useful for demonstrating the mixing trends were dissolved nitrate and sulfate. Higher nitrate concentrations were typical of unsaturated zone water and were sourced from fertilizer applied to the cultivated fields on the floodplain. Variations in sulfate concentrations are attributed to dissolution of rare gypsum in limestone bedrock and variable evapoconcentration in the unsaturated zone. The mixing of three chemically different waters (entrained, unsaturated-zone water; water entering the base of the floodplain aquifer; and water in residence before each mixing event) was simulated. The resident water component for each mixing event was a fixed composition based on measured water chemistry in the intermediate part of the aquifer. The entrained water composition was calculated using a measured composition of the shallow part of the aquifer and measurements of soil-water content in the unsaturated zone. The incoming basal water composition and the fractions of each mixing component were fitted to match the measured chemistry at the three levels in the aquifer. A conceptual model for this site explains: (1) rapid water-level rises, (2) water-chemistry changes at all levels in the aquifer coincident with the water-level rises, (3) low measured hydraulic conductivity of the valley fill and apparent lack of preferential flow pathways, (4) minuscule amounts of unsaturated-zone recharge, and (5) dissolved oxygen peaks in the saturated zone lagging water-level peaks. We postulate that rainfall enters fractures in bedrock adjacent to the floodplain. This recharge water moves rapidly through the fractured bedrock into the base of the floodplain aquifer. The recharge event through the bedrock causes a rapid rise in water level in the floodplain aquifer, and the chemistry of the deepest water in the floodplain aquifer changes at that time. The rising water also entrains slow-moving, nitrate-rich, unsaturated-zone water, altering the chemistry of water in the shallow part of the aquifer. Vertical chemical stratification in the aquifer is thus created by the change in water chemistry in the upper and lower parts of the saturated zone. As the water level begins to decline, the aquifer undergoes mixing that eventually results in homogeneous water chemistry. The rise in water level from the recharge event also displaces gas from the unsaturated zone that is then replaced as the water level declines following the recharge event. This new, oxygen-rich vadose-zone air equilibrates rapidly with saturated-zone water, resulting in a dissolved oxygen pulse in the ground water that peaks one-half to 2 months after the water-level peak. This oxygen pulse subsequently declines over a period of 2-6 months. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.09.016","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Macpherson, G., and Sophocleous, M., 2004, Fast ground-water mixing and basal recharge in an unconfined, alluvial aquifer, Konza LTER Site, Northeastern Kansas: Journal of Hydrology, v. 286, no. 1-4, p. 271-299, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.09.016.","startPage":"271","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209227,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.09.016"},{"id":235486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"286","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0efde4b0c8380cd536e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macpherson, G.L.","contributorId":31181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macpherson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sophocleous, M.","contributorId":13373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027104,"text":"70027104 - 2004 - Chemical versus temporal controls on the evolution of tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magmas at two volcanoes in the Alaska-Aleutian arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-17T10:50:40","indexId":"70027104","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical versus temporal controls on the evolution of tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magmas at two volcanoes in the Alaska-Aleutian arc","docAbstract":"The Alaska-Aleutian island arc is well known for erupting both tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magmas. To investigate the relative roles of chemical and temporal controls in generating these contrasting liquid lines of descent we have undertaken a detailed study of tholeiitic lavas from Akutan volcano in the oceanic A1eutian arc and calc-alkaline products from Aniakchak volcano on the continental A1askan Peninsula. The differences do not appear to be linked to parental magma composition. The Akutan lavas can be explained by closed-system magmatic evolution, whereas curvilinear trace element trends and a large range in 87 Sr/86 Sr isotope ratios in the Aniakchak data appear to require the combined effects of fractional crystallization, assimilation and magma mixing. Both magmatic suites preserve a similar range in 226 Ra-230 Th disequilibria, which suggests that the time scale of crustal residence of magmas beneath both these volcanoes was similar, and of the order of several thousand years. This is consistent with numerical estimates of the time scales for crystallization caused by cooling in convecting crustal magma chambers. During that time interval the tholeiitic Akutan magmas underwent restricted, closed-system, compositional evolution. In contrast, the calc-alkaline magmas beneath Aniakchak volcano underwent significant open-system compositional evolution. Combining these results with data from other studies we suggest that differentiation is faster in calc-alkaline and potassic magma series than in tholeiitic series, owing to a combination of greater extents of assimilation, magma mixing and cooling.","language":"English","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egg086","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"George, R., Turner, S., Hawkesworth, C., Bacon, C., Nye, C., Stelling, P., and Dreher, S., 2004, Chemical versus temporal controls on the evolution of tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magmas at two volcanoes in the Alaska-Aleutian arc: Journal of Petrology, v. 45, no. 1, p. 203-219, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egg086.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egg086","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f598e4b0c8380cd4c2e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, R.","contributorId":65269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, S.","contributorId":18947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawkesworth, C.","contributorId":20489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkesworth","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nye, C.","contributorId":16198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nye","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stelling, P.","contributorId":58820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelling","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dreher, S.","contributorId":98513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreher","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70027103,"text":"70027103 - 2004 - The impact of anthropogenic land-cover change on the Florida Peninsula Sea Breezes and warm season sensible weather","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-02T13:40:04.160932","indexId":"70027103","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2786,"text":"Monthly Weather Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of anthropogenic land-cover change on the Florida Peninsula Sea Breezes and warm season sensible weather","docAbstract":"During the twentieth century, the natural landscape of the Florida peninsula was transformed extensively by agriculture, urbanization, and the diversion of surface water features. The purpose of this paper is to present a numerical modeling study in which the possible impacts of this transformation on the warm season climate of the region were investigated. For three separate July–August periods (1973, 1989, and 1994), a pair of simulations was performed with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System. Within each pair, the simulations differed only in the specification of land-cover class. The two different classes were specified using highly detailed datasets that were constructed to represent pre-1900 natural land cover and 1993 land-use patterns, thus capturing the landscape transformation within each pair of simulations.
When the pre-1900 natural cover was replaced with the 1993 land-use dataset, the simulated spatial patterns of the surface sensible and latent heat flux were altered significantly, resulting in changes in the structure and strength of climatologically persistent, surface-forced mesoscale circulations—particularly the afternoon sea-breeze fronts. This mechanism was associated with marked changes in the spatial distribution of convective rainfall totals over the peninsula. When averaged over the model domain, this redistribution was reflected as an overall decrease in the 2-month precipitation total. In addition, the domain average of the diurnal cycle of 2-m temperature was amplified, with a noted increase in the daytime maximum. These results were consistent among all three simulated periods, and largely unchanged when subjected to a number of model sensitivity factors. Furthermore, the model results are in reasonable agreement with an analysis of observational data that indicates decreasing regional precipitation and increasing daytime maximum temperature during the twentieth century.
These results could have important implications for water resource and land-use management issues in south Florida, including efforts to restore and preserve the natural hydroclimate of the Everglades ecosystem. This study also provides more evidence for the need to consider anthropogenic land-cover change when evaluating climate trends.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0028:TIOALC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00270644","usgsCitation":"Marshall, C.H., Pielke, R., Steyaert, L.T., and Willard, D., 2004, The impact of anthropogenic land-cover change on the Florida Peninsula Sea Breezes and warm season sensible weather: Monthly Weather Review, v. 132, no. 1, p. 28-52, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0028:TIOALC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.056640625,\n 24.84656534821976\n ],\n [\n -79.1455078125,\n 24.84656534821976\n ],\n [\n -79.1455078125,\n 27.352252938063845\n ],\n [\n -83.056640625,\n 27.352252938063845\n ],\n [\n -83.056640625,\n 24.84656534821976\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"132","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacdfe4b08c986b3237d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, C. H.","contributorId":31050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pielke, R.A. Sr.","contributorId":96224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pielke","given":"R.A.","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steyaert, L. T.","contributorId":71303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":85982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015213,"text":"1015213 - 2004 - NO3 uptake in shallow, oligotrophic, mountain lakes: The influence of elevated NO3 concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T16:17:11","indexId":"1015213","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"NO3 uptake in shallow, oligotrophic, mountain lakes: The influence of elevated NO3 concentrations","title":"NO3 uptake in shallow, oligotrophic, mountain lakes: The influence of elevated NO3 concentrations","docAbstract":"Nutrient enrichment experiments were conducted in 1.2-m deep enclosures in 2 shallow, oligotrophic, mountain lakes. 15N-NO3 isotope tracer was used to compare the importance of phytoplankton and benthic compartments (epilithon, surface sediment [epipelon], and subsurface sediment) for NO3 uptake under high and low NO3 conditions. NO3 uptake approached saturation in the high-N lake, but not in the low-N lake. The capacity of phytoplankton and benthic compartments to take up NO3 differed among treatments and between lakes, and depended on water-column nutrient conditions and the history of NO3 availability. Phytoplankton productivity responded strongly to addition of limiting nutrients, and NO3 uptake was related to phytoplankton biomass and photosynthesis. However, more NO3 usually was taken up by benthic compartments (57–92% combined) than by phytoplankton, even though the response of benthic algal biomass to nutrient additions was less pronounced than that of phytoplankton and benthic NO3 uptake was unrelated to benthic algal biomass. In the low-N lake where NO3 uptake was unsaturated, C content or % was related to NO3 uptake in benthic substrates, suggesting that heterotrophic bacterial processes could be important in benthic NO3 uptake. These results suggest that phytoplankton are most sensitive to nutrient additions, but benthic processes are important for NO3 uptake in shallow, oligotrophic lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"North American Benthological Society","doi":"10.1899/0887-3593(2004)023<0397:NUISOM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Nydick, K., LaFrancois, B., and Baron, J., 2004, NO3 uptake in shallow, oligotrophic, mountain lakes: The influence of elevated NO3 concentrations: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 23, no. 3, p. 397-415, https://doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2004)023<0397:NUISOM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"415","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698a14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nydick, K. R.","contributorId":9991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nydick","given":"K. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaFrancois, B. M.","contributorId":34457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaFrancois","given":"B. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1004031,"text":"1004031 - 2004 - National Wildlife Health Center Quarterly Mortality Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-26T14:04:00","indexId":"1004031","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3499,"text":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National Wildlife Health Center Quarterly Mortality Report","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Converse, K.A., Sohn, R., Lemanski, C., and McLaughlin, G., 2004, National Wildlife Health Center Quarterly Mortality Report: Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 40, no. 4, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 17.14079039331665\n ],\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 72.71190310803662\n ],\n [\n -65.7421875,\n 72.71190310803662\n ],\n [\n -65.7421875,\n 17.14079039331665\n ],\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 17.14079039331665\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db69848a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sohn, R.","contributorId":8042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohn","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lemanski, C.","contributorId":9611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemanski","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLaughlin, G.","contributorId":38506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027101,"text":"70027101 - 2004 - The Schaake shuffle: A method for reconstructing space-time variability in forecasted precipitation and temperature fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-22T15:17:46.231218","indexId":"70027101","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Schaake shuffle: A method for reconstructing space-time variability in forecasted precipitation and temperature fields","docAbstract":"A number of statistical methods that are used to provide local-scale ensemble forecasts of precipitation and temperature do not contain realistic spatial covariability between neighboring stations or realistic temporal persistence for subsequent forecast lead times. To demonstrate this point, output from a global-scale numerical weather prediction model is used in a stepwise multiple linear regression approach to downscale precipitation and temperature to individual stations located in and around four study basins in the United States. Output from the forecast model is downscaled for lead times up to 14 days. Residuals in the regression equation are modeled stochastically to provide 100 ensemble forecasts. The precipitation and temperature ensembles from this approach have a poor representation of the spatial variability and temporal persistence. The spatial correlations for downscaled output are considerably lower than observed spatial correlations at short forecast lead times (e.g., less than 5 days) when there is high accuracy in the forecasts. At longer forecast lead times, the downscaled spatial correlations are close to zero. Similarly, the observed temporal persistence is only partly present at short forecast lead times. A method is presented for reordering the ensemble output in order to recover the space-time variability in precipitation and temperature fields. In this approach, the ensemble members for a given forecast day are ranked and matched with the rank of precipitation and temperature data from days randomly selected from similar dates in the historical record. The ensembles are then reordered to correspond to the original order of the selection of historical data. Using this approach, the observed intersite correlations, intervariable correlations, and the observed temporal persistence are almost entirely recovered. This reordering methodology also has applications for recovering the space-time variability in modeled streamflow.
","language":"English","publisher":"AMS Publications","doi":"10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0243:TSSAMF>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Clark, M., Gangopadhyay, S., Hay, L., Rajagopalan, B., and Wilby, R., 2004, The Schaake shuffle: A method for reconstructing space-time variability in forecasted precipitation and temperature fields: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 5, no. 1, p. 243-262, https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0243:TSSAMF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"262","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478214,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0243:tssamf>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba8dae4b08c986b321ec2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, M.R.","contributorId":88135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gangopadhyay, S.","contributorId":37930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gangopadhyay","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hay, L.","contributorId":72103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rajagopalan, B.","contributorId":86947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rajagopalan","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilby, R.","contributorId":75315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilby","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1015212,"text":"1015212 - 2004 - Reintroduction of the flannelmouth sucker in the lower Colorado River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-28T09:38:15","indexId":"1015212","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reintroduction of the flannelmouth sucker in the lower Colorado River","docAbstract":"A single stocking of 611 wild flannelmouth suckers Catostomus latipinnis in 1976 represented the first successful reintroduction of a native fish in the lower Colorado River. Flannelmouth suckers ranging in age from young of the year to 24 years were captured during 1999–2001; their population was estimated as at least 2,286 (95% confidence interval, 1,847–2,998). Recruitment appeared sporadic, consisting of consecutive years of low recruitment (<10%) supplemented by a stronger (31%) year-class. Historically, this native fish was rare and was believed extirpated from the lower river by 1975, but it now reproduces naturally in a reach dramatically altered by water development. This successful reintroduction indicates that one native fish can successfully tolerate environmental alterations whereas another, the razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus, apparently cannot. Other opportunities may exist in altered rivers to benefit native fishes where they were absent or historically rare.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M02-170","usgsCitation":"Mueller, G., and Wydoski, R., 2004, Reintroduction of the flannelmouth sucker in the lower Colorado River: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 24, no. 1, p. 41-46, https://doi.org/10.1577/M02-170.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634cff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, G.A.","contributorId":9205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wydoski, R.","contributorId":23502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wydoski","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026713,"text":"70026713 - 2004 - Geochemical cycles in sediments deposited on the slopes of the Guaymas and Carmen Basins of the Gulf of California over the last 180 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026713","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical cycles in sediments deposited on the slopes of the Guaymas and Carmen Basins of the Gulf of California over the last 180 years","docAbstract":"Sediments deposited on the slopes of the Guaymas and Carmen Basins in the central Gulf of California were recovered in two box cores. Q-mode factor analyses identified detrital-clastic, carbonate, and redox associations in the elemental composition of these sediments. The detrital-clastic fraction appears to contain two source components, a more mafic component presumably derived from the Sierra Madre Occidental along the west coast of Mexico, and a more felsic component most likely derived from sedimentary rocks (mostly sandstones) of the Colorado Plateau and delivered by the Colorado River. The sediments also contain significant siliceous biogenic components and minor calcareous biogenic components, but those components were not quantified in this study. Redox associations were identified in both cores based on relatively high concentrations of molybdenum, which is indicative of deposition under conditions of sulfate reduction. Decreases in concentrations of molybdenum in younger sediments suggest that the bottom waters of the Gulf have became more oxygenated over the last 100 years. Many geochemical components in both box cores exhibit distinct cyclicity with periodicities of 10-20 years. The most striking are 20-year cycles in the more mafic components (e.g., titanium), particularly in sediments deposited during the 19th century. In that century, the titanium cycles are in very good agreement with warm phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, implying that at times of greater influx of titanium-rich volcanic debris, there were more El Nin??os and higher winter precipitation. The cycles are interpreted as due to greater and lesser riverine influx of volcanic rock debris from the Sierra Madre. There is also spectral evidence for periodicities of 4-8 and 8-16 years, suggesting that the delivery of detrital-clastic material is responding to some multiannual (ENSO?) forcing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.03.010","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Dean, W., Pride, C., and Thunell, R., 2004, Geochemical cycles in sediments deposited on the slopes of the Guaymas and Carmen Basins of the Gulf of California over the last 180 years: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 23, no. 16-17, p. 1817-1833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.03.010.","startPage":"1817","endPage":"1833","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208542,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.03.010"},{"id":234351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"16-17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15fce4b0c8380cd54ffd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, W.","contributorId":24076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pride, C.","contributorId":71363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pride","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thunell, R.","contributorId":96836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thunell","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026712,"text":"70026712 - 2004 - A review of models and micrometeorological methods used to estimate wetland evapotranspiration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T08:28:30","indexId":"70026712","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of models and micrometeorological methods used to estimate wetland evapotranspiration","docAbstract":"Within the past decade or so, the accuracy of evapotranspiration (ET) estimates has improved due to new and increasingly sophisticated methods. Yet despite a plethora of choices concerning methods, estimation of wetland ET remains insufficiently characterized due to the complexity of surface characteristics and the diversity of wetland types. In this review, we present models and micrometeorological methods that have been used to estimate wetland ET and discuss their suitability for particular wetland types. Hydrological, soil monitoring and lysimetric methods to determine ET are not discussed. Our review shows that, due to the variability and complexity of wetlands, there is no single approach that is the best for estimating wetland ET. Furthermore, there is no single foolproof method to obtain an accurate, independent measure of wetland ET. Because all of the methods reviewed, with the exception of eddy covariance and LIDAR, require measurements of net radiation (Rn) and soil heat flux (G), highly accurate measurements of these energy components are key to improving measurements of wetland ET. Many of the major methods used to determine ET can be applied successfully to wetlands of uniform vegetation and adequate fetch, however, certain caveats apply. For example, with accurate Rn and G data and small Bowen ratio (??) values, the Bowen ratio energy balance method can give accurate estimates of wetland ET. However, large errors in latent heat flux density can occur near sunrise and sunset when the Bowen ratio ?? ??? - 1??0. The eddy covariance method provides a direct measurement of latent heat flux density (??E) and sensible heat flux density (II), yet this method requires considerable expertise and expensive instrumentation to implement. A clear advantage of using the eddy covariance method is that ??E can be compared with Rn-G H, thereby allowing for an independent test of accuracy. The surface renewal method is inexpensive to replicate and, therefore, shows particular promise for characterizing variability in ET as a result of spatial heterogeneity. LIDAR is another method that has special utility in a heterogeneous wetland environment, because it provides an integrated value for ET from a surface. The main drawback of LIDAR is the high cost of equipment and the need for an independent ET measure to assess accuracy. If Rn and G are measured accurately, the Priestley-Taylor equation can be used successfully with site-specific calibration factors to estimate wetland ET. The 'crop' cover coefficient (Kc) method can provide accurate wetland ET estimates if calibrated for the environmental and climatic characteristics of a particular area. More complicated equations such as the Penman and Penman-Monteith equations also can be used to estimate wetland ET, but surface variability and lack of information on aerodynamic and surface resistances make use of such equations somewhat questionable. ?? 2004 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1462","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J., Snyder, R., Spano, D., and Paw, U., 2004, A review of models and micrometeorological methods used to estimate wetland evapotranspiration: Hydrological Processes, v. 18, no. 11, p. 2071-2101, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1462.","startPage":"2071","endPage":"2101","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208541,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1462"}],"volume":"18","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e554e4b0c8380cd46cb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, J.Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":54766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"J.Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snyder, R.L.","contributorId":65644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spano, D.","contributorId":28413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spano","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paw, U.K.T.","contributorId":33498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paw","given":"U.K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026709,"text":"70026709 - 2004 - Identification of amoebae implicated in the life cycle of Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-01T18:31:07.212627","indexId":"70026709","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2272,"text":"Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Identification of amoebae implicated in the life cycle of Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates","title":"Identification of amoebae implicated in the life cycle of Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates","docAbstract":"This study was undertaken to assess whether amoebae commonly found in mesohaline environments are in fact stages in the life cycles of Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates. Primary isolations of amoebae and dinoflagellates were made from water and sediment samples from five tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay. Additional amoebae were also cloned from bioassay aquaria where fish mortality was attributed to Pfiesteria. Electron microscopy and small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequence analysis of these isolates clearly demonstrated that the commonly depicted amoeboid form of Pfiesteria is very likely a species of Korotnevella and is unrelated to Pfiesteria or Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates. We have determined that the Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates examined in this study undergo a typical homothallic life cycle without amoeboid stages. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that cloned amoebae sharing morphological characteristics described for stages in the life cycle of Pfiesteria do not transform into dinozoites. The strict clonal isolation and cultivation techniques used in this study substantially support the conclusion that the amoebae and some of the flagellates depicted in the life cycle of Pfiesteria are environmental contaminants of the Pfiesteria culture system and that the Ambush Predator Hypothesis needs to be rigorously reevaluated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1550-7408.2004.tb00290.x","usgsCitation":"Peglar, M., Nerad, T., Anderson, O., and Gillevet, P., 2004, Identification of amoebae implicated in the life cycle of Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates: Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, v. 51, no. 5, p. 542-552, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2004.tb00290.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"542","endPage":"552","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.673583984375,\n 38.28131307922966\n ],\n [\n -76.5087890625,\n 37.046408899699564\n ],\n [\n -75.816650390625,\n 37.24782120155428\n ],\n [\n -75.640869140625,\n 37.90953361677018\n ],\n [\n -75.89355468749999,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -76.11328125,\n 39.00211029922515\n ],\n [\n -75.65185546874999,\n 39.614152077002664\n ],\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 39.5633531658293\n ],\n [\n -76.673583984375,\n 38.28131307922966\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3821e4b0c8380cd61457","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peglar, M.T.","contributorId":30411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peglar","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nerad, T.A.","contributorId":19346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nerad","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, O.R.","contributorId":37122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"O.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gillevet, P.M.","contributorId":33499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillevet","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026708,"text":"70026708 - 2004 - Hydrochemical tracers in the middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: 2. Calibration of a groundwater-flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:33:07","indexId":"70026708","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrochemical tracers in the middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: 2. Calibration of a groundwater-flow model","docAbstract":"The calibration of a groundwater model with the aid of hydrochemical data has demonstrated that low recharge rates in the Middle Rio Grande Basin may be responsible for a groundwater trough in the center of the basin and for a substantial amount of Rio Grande water in the regional flow system. Earlier models of the basin had difficulty reproducing these features without any hydrochemical data to constrain the rates and distribution of recharge. The objective of this study was to use the large quantity of available hydrochemical data to help calibrate the model parameters, including the recharge rates. The model was constructed using the US Geological Survey's software MODFLOW, MODPATH, and UCODE, and calibrated using 14C activities and the positions of certain flow zones defined by the hydrochemical data. Parameter estimation was performed using a combination of nonlinear regression techniques and a manual search for the minimum difference between field and simulated observations. The calibrated recharge values were substantially smaller than those used in previous models. Results from a 30,000-year transient simulation suggest that recharge was at a maximum about 20,000 years ago and at a minimum about 10,000 years ago.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-004-0326-4","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W., Plummer, N., McAda, D.P., Bexfield, L.M., and Anderholm, S., 2004, Hydrochemical tracers in the middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: 2. Calibration of a groundwater-flow model: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 12, no. 4, p. 389-407, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0326-4.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"407","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208523,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0326-4"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":" Rio Grande Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.599609375,\n 22.917922936146045\n ],\n [\n -96.94335937499999,\n 22.917922936146045\n ],\n [\n -96.94335937499999,\n 36.1733569352216\n ],\n [\n -109.599609375,\n 36.1733569352216\n ],\n [\n -109.599609375,\n 22.917922936146045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3332e4b0c8380cd5edf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAda, D. P.","contributorId":93066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAda","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bexfield, L. M.","contributorId":36593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderholm, S. K.","contributorId":69149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1015210,"text":"1015210 - 2004 - Collection of an adult gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) from the San Juan River, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T11:03:12","indexId":"1015210","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Collection of an adult gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) from the San Juan River, Utah","title":"Collection of an adult gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) from the San Juan River, Utah","docAbstract":"We collected an adult gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) from the San Juan River just upstream of Lake Powell, Utah, on 6 June 2000. This represents the first documented occurrence of the species in the Colorado River or its tributaries. The adult male (35 cm TL, 470 g) was taken by trammel net from a small (0.5 ha), shallow (<2 m) backwater along with several other fish that included 3 endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus). The specimen is stored at the Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (curation number 49122).
","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum","usgsCitation":"Mueller, G., and Brooks, J., 2004, Collection of an adult gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) from the San Juan River, Utah: Western North American Naturalist, v. 64, no. 1, p. 135-136.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae8d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, G.A.","contributorId":9205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, J.L.","contributorId":10759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70044,"text":"ofr20041331 - 2004 - Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge: A survey of visitor experiences: Report to respondents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T13:20:45","indexId":"ofr20041331","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1331","title":"Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge: A survey of visitor experiences: Report to respondents","docAbstract":"In the fall of 2000, researchers from the Policy Analysis and Science Assistance Program (PASA) of the Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) met with the staff of the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (CPNWR) to discuss the issues related to social, economic, and human dimensions of natural resource management as it related to the Comprehensive Conservation Plan (CCP) planning process. As a result of the meeting a research study was designed to better understand how visitors are affected by environmental management decisions and provide information to assist the refuge managers in making decisions regarding public use and recreational management related to the goals of the proposed CCP. More specifically, information was collected to document the type and frequency of visitor use; assess the importance of recreational activities; and to determine visitor attitudes about recreation management decisions within the refuge. To this end, we designed a study to assess the effects of the no-action and alternative management plans for the Refuge visitors’ perceptions and likely visitation patterns.
\nIn fall of 2002 a questionnaire was developed in collaboration with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the CCP planning team and mailed to 1090 people who visited the refuge between June 2001 and June 2002. We used standard research methods in designing and administering the questionnaire. Six hundred and eightyfive (685) completed questionnaires (74%) were considered usable. We developed the questionnaire (OMB Control Number 1040-00) to answer the following questions:
\nIn general the respondents indicated support for current management practices of CPNWR. We found that people came to the Refuge to experience a connection with the resource and the environment. More than half of the respondents said that viewing the desert scenery, seeking wilderness solitude and viewing wildlife were the most important reasons for making the visit to the refuge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041331","usgsCitation":"Ponds, P.D., Burkardt, N., and Koontz, L., 2004, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge: A survey of visitor experiences: Report to respondents: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1331, iii, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041331.","productDescription":"iii, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186507,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041331.PNG"},{"id":320270,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1331/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f98ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponds, Phadrea D.","contributorId":65156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponds","given":"Phadrea","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkardt, Nina 0000-0002-9392-9251 burkardtn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9251","contributorId":2781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"Nina","email":"burkardtn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":281746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015207,"text":"1015207 - 2004 - Linking intended visitation to regional economic impact models of bison and elk management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T12:02:28","indexId":"1015207","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1909,"text":"Human Dimensions of Wildlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking intended visitation to regional economic impact models of bison and elk management","docAbstract":"This article links intended National Park visitation estimates to regional economic models to calculate the employment impacts of alternative bison and elk management strategies. The survey described alternative National Elk Refuge (NER) management actions and the effects on elk and bison populations at the NER and adjacent Grand Teton National Park (GTNP). Park visitors were then asked if they would change their number of visits with each potential management action. Results indicate there would be a 10% decrease in visitation if bison populations were reduced from 600 to 400 animals and elk populations were reduced in GTNP and the NER. The related decrease in jobs in Teton counties of Wyoming and Idaho is estimated at 5.5%. Adopting a “no active management” option of never feeding elk and bison on the NER yields about one-third the current bison population (200 bison) and about half the elk population. Visitors surveyed about this management option would take about 20% fewer trips, resulting in an 11.3% decrease in employment. Linking intended visitation surveys and regional economic models represents a useful tool for natural resource planners who must present the consequences of potential actions in Environmental Impact Statements and plans to the public and decision makers prior to any action being implemented.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10871200490272151","usgsCitation":"Loomis, J., and Caughlan, L., 2004, Linking intended visitation to regional economic impact models of bison and elk management: Human Dimensions of Wildlife, v. 9, no. 1, p. 17-33, https://doi.org/10.1080/10871200490272151.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"33","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a5025","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loomis, J.","contributorId":41785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loomis","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caughlan, L.","contributorId":38498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caughlan","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":57975,"text":"ofr20041199 - 2004 - An economic analysis of alternative fertility control and associated management techniques for three BLM wild horse herds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T18:44:35","indexId":"ofr20041199","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1199","title":"An economic analysis of alternative fertility control and associated management techniques for three BLM wild horse herds","docAbstract":"Contemporary cost projections were computed for several alternative strategies that could be used by BLM to manage three wild horse populations. The alternatives included existing gather and selective removal methods, combined with potential contraceptive applications of varying duration and other potentially useful management techniques. Costs were projected for a 20-year economic life using the Jenkins wild horse population model and cost estimates from BLM that reflect state-by-state per horse removal, adoption, long-term holding, and contraceptive application expenses. Important findings include:
\nNo abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Maule, A., 2004, Gas bubble disease monitoring and research of juvenile salmonids. Annual report 2004.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c83be4b025c4642862d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015159,"text":"1015159 - 2004 - Landsat TM inventory and assessment of waterbird habitat in the southern altiplano of South America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T10:38:50","indexId":"1015159","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3751,"text":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Landsat TM inventory and assessment of waterbird habitat in the southern altiplano of South America","title":"Landsat TM inventory and assessment of waterbird habitat in the southern altiplano of South America","docAbstract":"The diverse set of wetlands in southern altiplano of South America supports a number of endemic and migratory waterbirds. These species include endangered endemic flamingos and shorebirds that nest in North America and winter in the altiplano. This research developed maps from nine Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images (254,300 km2) to provide an inventory of aquatic waterbird habitats. Image processing software was used to produce a map with a classification of wetlands according to the habitat requirements of different types of waterbirds. A hierarchical procedure was used to, first, isolate the bodies of water within the TM image; second, execute an unsupervised classification on the subsetted image to produce 300 signatures of cover types, which were further subdivided as necessary. Third, each of the classifications was examined in the light of field data and personal experience for relevance to the determination of the various habitat types. Finally, the signatures were applied to the entire image and other adjacent images to yield a map depicting the location of the various waterbird habitats in the southern altiplano. The data sets referenced with a global positioning system receiver were used to test the classification system. Multivariate analysis of the bird communities censused at each lake by individual habitats indicated a salinity gradient, and then the depth of the water separated the birds. Multivariate analysis of the chemical and physical data from the lakes showed that the variation in lakes were significantly associated with difference in depth, transparency, latitude, elevation, and pH. The presence of gravel bottoms was also one of the qualities distinguishing a group of lakes. This information will be directly useful to the Flamingo Census Project and serve as an element for risk assessment for future development.
The soil ecotoxicology literature has focused primarily on a few major taxa, to the neglect of other fossorial organisms such as amphibians. We selected cadmium (Cd) and the American toad (Bufo americanus) as a model contaminant and biological species to assess the impact of soil contamination on amphibian hibernation survival and post-hibernation condition. Soil sand composition (50, 70, 90%) and hydration (100, 150% water holding capacity (WHC)) were manipulated in addition to Cd concentration (0, 56, 165, 483 μg/g) to determine whether these soil properties affect toxicity. Soil Cd concentration significantly reduced survival and locomotor performance, and was correlated negatively with percent mass loss and positively with whole body Cd concentration. Higher sand content resulted in less mass loss and greater Cd uptake. Toads that were hibernated in 50% sand hydrated to 100% WHC had higher survival, less mass loss, and better sprint performance than those hibernated in 50% sand, 150% WHC. This study demonstrates that concentrations of Cd found in soil at highly contaminated sites can be bioaccumulated by hibernating amphibians and may reduce fitness. Differences in microhabitat use may cause species to vary in their exposure and susceptibility to soil contamination. The toxicity of Cd to amphibians could be greater in natural systems where there are multiple stressors and fluctuations in environmental variables.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2004.05.005","usgsCitation":"James, S.M., Little, E.E., and Semlitsch, R.D., 2004, The effect of soil composition and hydration on the bioavailability and toxicity of cadmium to hibernating juvenile American toads (Bufo americanus): Environmental Pollution, v. 132, no. 3, p. 523-532, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.05.005.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"532","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341538,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5923f8e3e4b0b7ff9fb2342b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, Stacy M.","contributorId":192179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James","given":"Stacy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Little, Edward E. 0000-0003-0034-3639 elittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-3639","contributorId":1746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Edward","email":"elittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Semlitsch, Raymond D.","contributorId":174906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Semlitsch","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}