We compared seasonal lake whitefish catch rates, lake trout bycatch, and gearinduced lake trout mortality between commercial trap nets and gill nets in north-central Lake Huron. Onboard monitors recorded catches from 260 gill net and 96 trap net lifts from October 1998 through December 1999. Catch rates for lake whitefish were highest in fall for both gear types, reflecting proximity of spawning sites to the study area. Lake whitefish catch rates were also relatively high in spring but low in both gear types in summer. Lake trout were the principal bycatch species in both gears. The lake trout bycatch was lowest in both gear types in fall, highest in gill nets in spring, and highest in trap nets in summer. The ratio of lake trout to legal whitefish (the target species) was highest in summer and lowest in fall in both gear types. The high lake trout ratio in summer was due principally to low catch rates of lake whitefish. All but 3 of 186 live lake trout removed from trap net pots survived for at least two days of observation in laboratory tanks. Therefore, we estimated that post-release survival of trap netted lake trout that had not been entangled in the mesh was 98.4%. In addition, we accounted for stress-induced mortality for lake trout that were live at capture but entangled in the mesh of either gear type. Resulting estimates of lake trout survival were higher in trap nets (87.8%) than in gill nets (39.6%). The number of lake trout killed per lift was highest during summer in trap nets and during spring in gill nets. In trap nets, 85% of dead lake trout were observed to be entangled in the mesh of the pot or tunnels. Survival rates of lake trout in gill nets were higher in our study than reported by others, probably because our nets were hand lifted in a small boat. Our trap net-induced mortality estimates on lake trout were higher than those reported by others because we adjusted our estimates to account for post-release mortality caused by handling and injury. Studies such as ours should prove useful to managers developing harvest allocation options that are consistent with the need to protect nontarget populations. For example, applying our seasonal lake trout-whitefish catch ratios to a hypothetical small-boat gill net fishery, the lake trout bycatch from harvest of 100,000 kg of whitefish would equal the estimated lake trout production available for harvest in the study area for year 2002. The two trap net fisheries may have incidentally killed half this number of lake trout annually from 1995-99. Bycatch estimates are also important inputs to catch-at-age decision models used in developing rehabilitation and harvest strategies for target and bycatch species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.E., Ebener, M.P., Gebhardt, K., and Bergstedt, R., 2004, Comparison of catch and lake trout bycatch in commercial trap nets and gill nets targeting lake whitefish in northern Lake Huron: Fisheries Research Report 2071, 25 p.","productDescription":"25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611f7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, James E.","contributorId":45668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebener, Mark P.","contributorId":25099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebener","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12957,"text":"Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":325038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gebhardt, Kenneth","contributorId":6967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebhardt","given":"Kenneth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger","contributorId":7803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027765,"text":"70027765 - 2004 - Numerical study of electromagnetic waves generated by a prototype dielectric logging tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T15:25:02.360294","indexId":"70027765","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical study of electromagnetic waves generated by a prototype dielectric logging tool","docAbstract":"To understand the electromagnetic waves generated by a prototype dielectric logging tool, a numerical study was conducted using both the finite-difference, time-domain method and a frequency-wavenumber method. When the propagation velocity in the borehole was greater than that in the formation (e.g., an air-filled borehole in the unsaturated zone), only a guided wave propagated along the borehole. As the frequency decreased, both the phase and the group velocities of the guided wave asymptotically approached the phase velocity of a plane wave in the formation. The guided wave radiated electromagnetic energy into the formation, causing its amplitude to decrease. When the propagation velocity in the borehole was less than that in the formation (e.g., a water-filled borehole in the saturated zone), both a refracted wave and a guided wave propagated along the borehole. The velocity of the refracted wave equaled the phase velocity of a plane wave in the formation, and the refracted wave preceded the guided wave. As the frequency decreased, both the phase and the group velocities of the guided wave asymptotically approached the phase velocity of a plane wave in the formation. The guided wave did not radiate electromagnetic energy into the formation. To analyze traces recorded by the prototype tool during laboratory tests, they were compared to traces calculated with the finite-difference method. The first parts of both the recorded and the calculated traces were similar, indicating that guided and refracted waves indeed propagated along the prototype tool.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1649376","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K., Abraham, J., Wright, D., and Mazzella, A., 2004, Numerical study of electromagnetic waves generated by a prototype dielectric logging tool: Geophysics, v. 69, no. 1, p. 64-77, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1649376.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"77","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6932e4b0c8380cd73bfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, K.J. 0000-0003-3075-4703","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":12061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abraham, J.D.","contributorId":20686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, D.L.","contributorId":88758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mazzella, A.T.","contributorId":58455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzella","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027767,"text":"70027767 - 2004 - Early environment and recruitment of black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) into the breeding population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T08:37:42","indexId":"70027767","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early environment and recruitment of black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) into the breeding population","docAbstract":"In geese, growth regulates survival in the first year. We examined whether early growth, which is primarily governed by environmental conditions, also affects the probability that individuals that survive their first year enter the breeding population. We used logistic regression on a sample of Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) that were weighed at a known age in their first summer and observed during winter (indicating that they had survived the principal mortality period in their first year) to study whether early growth influenced the probability that those individuals would be recruited into the breeding population. We also examined the effects of cohort (1986-1996), sex, age when measured, and area where individuals were reared. The model with the lowest Akaike's Information Criterion score contained body mass, age (days) at measurement, cohort, sex, and brood-rearing area. Models that included variable mass had 85% of the cumulative model weight of the models we considered, indicating that gosling mass had a substantial effect on probability of them entering the breeding population. Females were more likely to be detected breeding than males, which is consistent with the differential fidelity of the sexes. Of individuals that survived the first year, larger goslings were more likely to become breeders. More recent cohorts were less likely to have been detected as breeders. Our findings indicate that environment during the growth period affects the ability of individuals to enter the breeding population, even after accounting for the effects of growth on survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0068:EEAROB]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Sedinger, J.S., Herzog, M., and Ward, D.H., 2004, Early environment and recruitment of black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) into the breeding population: The Auk, v. 121, no. 1, p. 68-73, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0068:EEAROB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"73","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tutakoke River, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"121","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0485e4b0c8380cd50a28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":415130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. mherzog@usgs.gov","contributorId":3965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark P.","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":415128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197152,"text":"70197152 - 2004 - Mono Lake excursion recorded in sediment of the Santa Clara Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-18T13:02:33","indexId":"70197152","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mono Lake excursion recorded in sediment of the Santa Clara Valley, California","docAbstract":"Two intervals recording anomalous paleomagnetic inclinations were encountered in the top 40 meters of research drill hole CCOC in the Santa Clara Valley, California. The younger of these two intervals has an age of 28,090 ± 330 radiocarbon years B.P. (calibrated age ∼32.8 ka). This age is in excellent agreement with the latest estimate for the Mono Lake excursion at the type locality and confirms that the excursion has been recorded by sediment in the San Francisco Bay region. The age of an anomalous inclination change below the Mono Lake excursion was not directly determined, but estimates of sedimentation rates indicate that the geomagnetic behavior it represents most likely occurred during the Mono Lake/Laschamp time interval (∼45–28 ka). If true, it may represent one of several recurring fluctuations of magnetic inclination during an interval of a weak geomagnetic dipole, behavior noted in other studies in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2003GC000592","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E.A., and Wentworth, C.M., 2004, Mono Lake excursion recorded in sediment of the Santa Clara Valley, California: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 5, no. 2, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GC000592.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"SantaClara Valley","volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15811fe4b092d9651e208a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wentworth, Carl M. 0000-0003-2569-569X cwent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":1178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"Carl","email":"cwent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179774,"text":"70179774 - 2004 - Information on habitat use of larval Ash Meadows speckled dace","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T15:18:19","indexId":"70179774","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Information on habitat use of larval Ash Meadows speckled dace","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","usgsCitation":"McShane, R., Swaim, K., and Scoppettone, G., 2004, Information on habitat use of larval Ash Meadows speckled dace, 7 p. .","productDescription":"7 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"587f3ddde4b0d96de2564584","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McShane, R.R","contributorId":178376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McShane","given":"R.R","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swaim, K.M.","contributorId":178377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swaim","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scoppettone, G.G.","contributorId":22793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scoppettone","given":"G.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197150,"text":"70197150 - 2004 - Paleomagnetism and 40Ar/39Ar ages from volcanics extruded during the Matuyama and Brunhes Chrons near McMurdo Sound, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-18T12:58:45","indexId":"70197150","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Paleomagnetism and 40Ar/39Ar ages from volcanics extruded during the Matuyama and Brunhes Chrons near McMurdo Sound, Antarctica","title":"Paleomagnetism and 40Ar/39Ar ages from volcanics extruded during the Matuyama and Brunhes Chrons near McMurdo Sound, Antarctica","docAbstract":"Maps of virtual geomagnetic poles derived from international geomagnetic reference field models show large lobes with significant departures from the spin axis. These lobes persist in field models for the last few millenia. The anomalous lobes are associated with observation sites at extreme southerly latitudes. To determine whether these features persist for millions of years, paleomagnetic vector data from the continent of Antarctica are essential. We present here new paleomagnetic vector data and 40Ar/39Ar ages from lava flows spanning the Brunhes and Matuyama Chrons from the vicinity of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Oriented paleomagnetic samples were collected from 50 lava flows by E. Mankinen and A. Cox in the 1965–1966 austral summer season. Preliminary data based largely on the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) directions were published by Mankinen and Cox [1988]. We have performed detailed paleomagnetic investigations of 37 sites with multiple fully oriented core samples to investigate the reliability of results from this unique sample collection. Of these, only one site fails to meet our acceptance criteria for directional data. Seven sites are reversely magnetized. The mean normal and reverse directions are antipodal. The combined mean direction has ![\"equation](\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/1995564d-9819-41b0-8674-846c4d331088/ggge483-math-0001.gif\")
= 12, ![\"equation](\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/5e67eeb4-2a74-431b-a925-daf29f48fde6/ggge483-math-0002.gif\")
= −86, α = 4, κ = 37 and is indistinguishable from that expected from a GAD field. We obtained reproducible absolute paleointensity estimates from 15 lava flows with a mean dipole moment of 49 ZAm2 and a standard deviation of 28 ZAm2. 40Ar/39Ar age determinations were successfully carried out on samples from 18 of the flows. Our new isotopic ages and paleomagnetic polarities are consistent with the currently accepted geomagnetic reversal timescales.
No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation","publisherLocation":"Pendleton, OR","usgsCitation":"Craig, T., Bayer, J., and Seelye, J., 2004, Olfactory sensitivity of Pacific lampreys to conspecific bile acids.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d73e4b01dfadfff1571","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craig, T.C","contributorId":178415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig","given":"T.C","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayer, J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seelye, J.G.","contributorId":32861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015187,"text":"1015187 - 2004 - Using stable isotopes to associate migratory shorebirds with their wintering locations in Argentina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-30T18:08:52","indexId":"1015187","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2967,"text":"Ornitologia Neotropical","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using stable isotopes to associate migratory shorebirds with their wintering locations in Argentina","docAbstract":"We are evaluating the use of stable isotopes to identify the wintering areas of Neotropical migratory shorebirds in Argentina. Our goal is to associate individual birds, captured on the breeding grounds or in migration with specific winter sites, thereby helping to identify distinct areas used by different subpopulations. In January and February 2002 and 2003, we collected flight feathers from shorebirds at 23 wintering sites distributed across seven province s in Argentina (n = 170). Feathers samples were pre- pared and analyzed for δ13C, δ15N, δ34S, δ18O and δD by continuous flow methods. A discriminant function based on deuterium alone was not an accurate predictor of a shorebird’s province of origin, ranging from 8% correct (Santiago del Estero) to 80% correct (San ta Cruz). When other isotopes were included, the prediction accuracy increased substantially (from 56% in Buenos Aires to 100% in Tucumán). The improvement in accuracy was due to C/N, which separated D-depleted sites in the Andes from those in the south, and the inclusion of S separated sites with respect to their distance from the Atlantic. We also were able to correctly discriminate shorebirds from among two closely spaced sites within the province of Tierra del Fuego. These results suggest the feasibility of identifying the origin of a shorebird at a provincial level of accuracy, as well as uniquely identifying birds from some closely spaced sites. There is a high degree of intra- and inter-bird variability, especially in the Pampas region, where there is wide variety of wetland/water conditions. In that important shorebird region, the variability itself may in fact be the “signature.” Future addition of trace elements to the analyses may improve predictions based solely on stable isotopes.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Neotropical Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Farmer, A., Abril, M., Fernandez, M., Torres, J., Kester, C., and Bern, C., 2004, Using stable isotopes to associate migratory shorebirds with their wintering locations in Argentina: Ornitologia Neotropical, v. 15, p. 377-384.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"384","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602e74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farmer, A.H.","contributorId":79063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abril, M.","contributorId":49751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abril","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fernandez, M.","contributorId":22731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Torres, J.","contributorId":11173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kester, C.","contributorId":95427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kester","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bern, C.","contributorId":65427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bern","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1015186,"text":"1015186 - 2004 - Vegetation response to fire and postburn seeding treatments in juniper woodlands of the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T16:08:52","indexId":"1015186","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation response to fire and postburn seeding treatments in juniper woodlands of the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah","docAbstract":"We compared 3 naturally ignited burns with unburned sites in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. Each burn site was restored with native and nonnative seed mixes, restored with native seeds only, or regenerated naturally. In general, burned sites had significantly lower native species richness (1.8 vs. 2.9 species), native species cover (11% vs. 22.5%), and soil crust cover (4.1% vs. 15%) than unburned sites. Most burned plots, seeded or not, had significantly higher average nonnative species richness and cover and lower average native species richness and cover than unburned sites. Regression tree analyses suggest site variation was equally important to rehabilitation results as seeding treatments. Low native species richness and cover, high soil C, and low cover of biological soil crusts may facilitate increased nonnative species richness and cover. Our study also found that unburned sites in the region had equally high cover of nonnative species compared with the rest of the Monument. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) dominated both burned and unburned sites. Despite the invasion of cheatgrass, unburned sites still maintain higher native species richness; however, the high cover of cheatgrass may increase fire frequency, further reduce native species richness and cover, and ultimately change vegetation composition in juniper woodlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","usgsCitation":"Evangelista, P., Stohlgren, T., Guenther, D., and Stewart, S., 2004, Vegetation response to fire and postburn seeding treatments in juniper woodlands of the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah: Western North American Naturalist, v. 64, no. 3, p. 293-305.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"305","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14874,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41717377"}],"volume":"64","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6024e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evangelista, P.","contributorId":21903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evangelista","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guenther, D.","contributorId":21902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guenther","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stewart, S.","contributorId":66650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015161,"text":"1015161 - 2004 - Sensitivity to acidification of subalpine ponds and lakes in north-western Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:24:28","indexId":"1015161","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity to acidification of subalpine ponds and lakes in north-western Colorado","docAbstract":"Although acidifying deposition in western North America is lower than in many parts of the world, many high-elevation ecosystems there are extremely sensitive to acidification. Previous studies determined that the Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area (MZWA) has the most acidic snowpack and aquatic ecosystems that are among the most sensitive in the region. In this study, spatial and temporal variability of ponds and lakes in and near the MZWA were examined to determine their sensitivity to acidification and the effects of acidic deposition during and after snowmelt. Within the areas identified as sensitive to acidification based on bedrock types, there was substantial variability in acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC), which was related to differences in hydrological flowpaths that control delivery of weathering products to surface waters. Geological and topographic maps were of limited use in predicting acid sensitivity because their spatial resolution was not fine enough to capture the variability of these attributes for lakes and ponds with small catchment areas. Many of the lakes are sensitive to acidification (summer and autumn ANC < 100 µeq L−1), but none of them appeared to be threatened immediately by episodic or chronic acidification. In contrast, 22 ponds had minimum ANC < 30 µeq L−1, indicating that they are extremely sensitive to acidic deposition and could be damaged by episodic acidification, although net acidity (ANC < 0) was not measured in any of the ponds during the study. The lowest measured pH value was 5·4, and pH generally remained less than 6·0 throughout early summer in the most sensitive ponds, indicating that biological effects of acidification are possible at levels of atmospheric deposition that occurred during the study. The aquatic chemistry of lakes was dominated by atmospheric deposition and biogeochemical processes in soils and shallow ground water, whereas the aquatic chemistry of ponds was also affected by organic acids and biogeochemical processes in the water column and at the sediment–water interface. These results indicate that conceptual and mechanistic acidification models that have been developed for lakes and streams may be inadequate for predicting acidification in less-understood systems such as ponds.
This paper discusses sampling techniques for archaeological survey that are directed toward evaluating the properties of surface artifact distributions. The sampling techniques we experimented with consist of a multi-scale sampling plot developed in plant ecology and the use of a nested-intensity survey design. We present results from the initial application of these methods. The sampling technique we borrowed from plant ecology is the Modified-Whittaker multiscale sampling plot, which gathers observations at the spatial scales of 1 sq m, 10 sq m, 100 sq m, and 1000 sq m. Nested-intensity surveys gather observations on the same sample units at multiple resolutions. We compare the results of a closely-spaced walking survey, a crawling survey, and a test excavation to a depth of 10 cm. These techniques were applied to ten 20 × 50 m survey plots distributed over an area of 418 ha near the Hudson-Meng Bison Bonebed in NW Nebraska. These approaches can significantly improve the accuracy of survey data. Our results show that high-resolution coverage techniques overlook more material than archaeologists have suspected. The combined approaches of multi-scale and nested-intensity sampling provide new tools to improve our ability to investigate the properties of surface records.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1179/jfa.2004.29.3-4.409","usgsCitation":"Burger, O., Todd, L., Burnett, P., Stohlgren, T., and Stephens, D., 2004, Multi-scale and nested-intensity sampling techniques for archaeological survey: Journal of Field Archaeology, v. 29, no. 3-4, p. 409-423, https://doi.org/10.1179/jfa.2004.29.3-4.409.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"423","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698beb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burger, O.","contributorId":42926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Todd, L.C.","contributorId":56610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burnett, P.","contributorId":9215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnett","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stephens, D.","contributorId":55787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035235,"text":"70035235 - 2004 - Effect of temporal resolution on the accuracy of ADCP measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035235","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effect of temporal resolution on the accuracy of ADCP measurements","docAbstract":"The application of acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP's) in river flow measurements is promoting a great deal of progress in hydrometry. ADCP's not only require shorter times to collect data than traditional current meters, but also allow streamflow measurements at sites where the use of conventional meters is either very expensive, unsafe, or simply not possible. Moreover, ADCP's seem to offer a means for collecting flow data with spatial and temporal resolutions that cannot be achieved with traditional current-meters. High-resolution data is essential to characterize the mean flow and turbulence structure of streams, which can in turn lead to a better understanding of the hydrodynamic and transport processes in rivers. However, to properly characterize the mean flow and turbulence intensities of stationary flows in natural turbulent boundary layers, velocities need to be sampled over a long-enough time span. The question then arises, how long should velocities be sampled in the flow field to achieve an adequate temporal resolution? Theoretically, since velocities cannot be sampled over an infinitely long time interval, the error due to finite integration time must be considered. This error can be estimated using the integral time scale. The integral time scale is not only a measure of the time interval over which a fluctuating function is correlated with itself but also a measure of the time span over which the function is dependent on itself. This time scale, however, is not a constant but varies spatially in the flow field. In this paper we present an analysis of the effect of the temporal resolution (sampling time span) on the accuracy of ADCP measurements based on the integral time scale. Single ping velocity profiles collected with frequencies of 1 Hz in the Chicago River at Columbus Drive using an uplooking 600 kHz ADCP are used in this analysis. The integral time scale at different depths is estimated based on the autocorrelation function of the velocity fluctuations and is used to evaluate the mean-square error as a function of the integration time. The implications of these errors in typical ADCP measurements for discharge estimates in natural streams are discussed. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)308","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"Gonzalez-Castro, J.A., Oberg, K., and Duncker, J., 2004, Effect of temporal resolution on the accuracy of ADCP measurements, in Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)308.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478073,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.598.4783","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215215,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)308"},{"id":243002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0613e4b0c8380cd510f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonzalez-Castro, J. A.","contributorId":96885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez-Castro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oberg, K.","contributorId":60376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duncker, James J.","contributorId":62620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncker","given":"James J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026304,"text":"70026304 - 2004 - Mass-dependent fractionation of selenium and chromium isotopes in low-temperature environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T11:43:23.534339","indexId":"70026304","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3281,"text":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass-dependent fractionation of selenium and chromium isotopes in low-temperature environments","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/gsrmg.55.1.289","usgsCitation":"Johnson, T., and Bullen, T., 2004, Mass-dependent fractionation of selenium and chromium isotopes in low-temperature environments: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 55, no. 1, p. 289-317, https://doi.org/10.2138/gsrmg.55.1.289.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"317","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a525ee4b0c8380cd6c372","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, T.M.","contributorId":63998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":57868,"text":"ds87 - 2004 - Time-series photographs of the sea floor in western Massachusetts Bay: June 1997 to June 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T18:52:14.736763","indexId":"ds87","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87","title":"Time-series photographs of the sea floor in western Massachusetts Bay: June 1997 to June 1998","docAbstract":"This report presents time-series photographs of the sea floor obtained from an instrumented tripod deployed at Site A in western Massachusetts Bay (42° 22.6' N., 70? 47.0' W., 30 m water depth, from June 1997 through June 1998. Site A is approximately 1 km south of an ocean outfall that began discharging treated sewage effluent from the Boston metropolitan area into Massachusetts Bay in September 2000. Time-series photographs and oceanographic observations were initiated at Site A in December 1989 and are anticipated to continue to September 2005. This is the first in a series of reports planned to summarize and distribute these images in digital form. The objective of these reports is to enable easy and rapid viewing of the photographs and to provide a medium-resolution digital archive. The images, obtained every 4 hours, are presented as a movie (in .avi format, which may be viewed using an image viewer such as QuickTime or Windows Media Player) and as individual images (.tif format). The images provide time-series observations of changes of the sea floor and near-bottom water properties.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds87","usgsCitation":"Butman, B., Alexander, P., and Bothner, M., 2004, Time-series photographs of the sea floor in western Massachusetts Bay: June 1997 to June 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 87, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds87.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1997-06-01","temporalEnd":"1998-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8200,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0087/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"DS 87"},{"id":184628,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0087/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":415279,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_71133.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.7861,\n 42.3792\n ],\n [\n -70.7861,\n 42.375\n ],\n [\n -70.7833,\n 42.375\n ],\n [\n -70.7833,\n 42.3792\n ],\n [\n -70.7861,\n 42.3792\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Woods Hole Science Center
384 Woods Hole Road
Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543
We report new records of collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) in New Mexico that document its continued northward expansion in the United States, in general, and in northwestern New Mexico, in particular. These records might represent the northernmost extent of its range in the Southwest. Collared peccaries in New Mexico typically occur in desert, rocky, and brushy foothill regions and riparian communities. On the Zuni Indian Reservation, animals were observed at elevations up to 2,335 m in piñon-juniper and ponderosa pine habitats. Climate might play an important role in range expansion and contraction as collared peccaries might migrate north during years of drought or mild winters in search of food or new habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909(2004)049<0524:CPREIN>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Albert, S., Ramotnik, C., and Schmitt, C., 2004, Collared peccary range expansion in northwestern New Mexico: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 49, no. 4, p. 524-528, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2004)049<0524:CPREIN>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"524","endPage":"528","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae934","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albert, S.","contributorId":24314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albert","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramotnik, C.A.","contributorId":23896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramotnik","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmitt, C.G.","contributorId":14776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015158,"text":"1015158 - 2004 - Predicting the thermal effects of dam removal on the Klamath River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-30T20:03:47","indexId":"1015158","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting the thermal effects of dam removal on the Klamath River","docAbstract":"The Klamath River once supported large runs of anadromous salmonids. Water temperature associated with multiple mainstem hydropower facilities might be one of many factors responsible for depressing Klamath salmon stocks. We combined a water quantity model and a water quality model to predict how removing the series of dams below Upper Klamath Lake might affect water temperatures, and ultimately fish survival, in the spawning and rearing portions of the mainstem Klamath. We calibrated the water quantity and quality models and applied them for the hydrometeorological conditions during a 40-year postdam period. Then, we hypothetically removed the dams and their impoundments from the models and reestimated the river’s water temperatures. The principal thermal effect of dam and reservoir removal would be to restore the timing (phase) of the river’s seasonal thermal signature by shifting it approximately 18 days earlier in the year, resulting in river temperatures that more rapidly track ambient air temperatures. Such a shift would likely cool thermal habitat conditions for adult fall chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during upstream migration and benefit mainstem spawning. By contrast, spring and early summer temperatures could be warmer without dams, potentially harming chinook rearing and outmigration in the mainstem. Dam removal might affect the river’s thermal regime during certain conditions for over 200 km of the mainstem.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-004-0269-5","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J., Campbell, S., and Flug, M., 2004, Predicting the thermal effects of dam removal on the Klamath River: Environmental Management, v. 34, no. 6, p. 856-874, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0269-5.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"856","endPage":"874","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e80a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, J.M.","contributorId":54530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, S.G.","contributorId":37694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flug, M.","contributorId":57419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flug","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72274,"text":"fs20043149 - 2004 - Fort Collins Science Center: Aquatic Systems and Technology Applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T14:59:06","indexId":"fs20043149","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3149","title":"Fort Collins Science Center: Aquatic Systems and Technology Applications","docAbstract":"Land and water management agencies are responsible for restoring and conserving our nation's natural resources. However, they face increasing, often competing demands for those resources, which can result in alteration or loss of critical riverine, riparian, wetland, and terrestrial habitats. Land and resource managers may be in federal, state, or local government, but all have the same need for quantitative, objective, science-based information that helps them plan, manage, and conserve the natural resources within their purview.
\nThe Aquatic Systems and Technology Applications Branch (ASTA) of the Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) encompasses a wide variety of studies, investigations, and activities that are related to providing tools and capabilities for natural resource managers. ASTA's mission is to provide managers with credible science-based information on the interrelationships among the physical, chemical, aquatic, and biological natural resources in river basins for resource management decision-making. Branch goals are to:
\nMost resource management decisions involve the integrated use of biological, sociological, and economic information. Combining this information provides a more comprehensive basis for making effective land management and conservation decisions. Toward this end, scientists in the Policy Analysis and Science Assistance Branch (PASA) of the Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) contribute expert knowledge for natural resources management by conducting biological, social, economic, and institutional analyses of conservation policies and management practices.
\nPASA's mission is to integrate biological, social, and economic research so that resource managers can use the resulting information to make informed decisions and resolve resource management conflicts. PASA scientists pursue and conduct scientific analyses that help agencies and Native American tribes to (1) identify impending policy controversies and areas where social and natural science research is needed to address future policy questions; (2) develop methods and approaches to assist researchers in preparing scientific evidence; (3) assess habitat alteration in a manner consistent with policy needs; and (4) evaluate policy options. Branch scientists also evaluate policy options (e.g., effects of different land treatments, fish and wildlife management practices, or visitor/recreation management practices) in response to specific questions faced by policymakers and managers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20043144","usgsCitation":"Lamb, B., 2004, Fort Collins Science Center: Policy Analysis and Science Assistance: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3144, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043144.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125063,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3144.jpg"},{"id":320284,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3144/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4779e4b07f02db47f3fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamb, Berton L.","contributorId":24009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Berton L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015185,"text":"1015185 - 2004 - The travel cost method and the economic value of leisure time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:32:40","indexId":"1015185","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2077,"text":"International Journal of Tourism Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The travel cost method and the economic value of leisure time","docAbstract":"Recent estimates of high values for tourist related recreation USA amenity values indicate that allocation of basic water and terrestrial resources to recreation activities should be given precedence over conventional market oriented activities that often degrade or even extirpate the resource. We discuss at length the travel cost method (TCM), a survey based technique that quantifies the non-market benefits of trips to recreation sites. The TCM has been cast in the role of an ‘umpire’ in recent resource allocation debates. Understanding the key role of the TCM in the debate will aid tourist agency officials throughout the world. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the U.S.A.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jtr.500","usgsCitation":"Douglas, A.J., and Johnson, R.L., 2004, The travel cost method and the economic value of leisure time: International Journal of Tourism Research, v. 6, no. 5, p. 365-374, https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.500.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"374","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634b87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, Aaron J.","contributorId":46879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":32626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015156,"text":"1015156 - 2004 - Sustaining healthy freshwater ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T16:17:31","indexId":"1015156","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3723,"text":"Water Resources Update","printIssn":"1548-3517","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sustaining healthy freshwater ecosystems","docAbstract":"Functionally intact and biologically complex freshwater ecosystems provide many economically valuable commodities and services to society. The services supplied by freshwater ecosystems include flood control, transportation, recreation, purification of human and industrial wastes, habitat for plants and animals, and production of fish and other foods and marketable goods. These human benefits are called ecological services, defined as “the conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems, and the species that make them up, sustain and fulfill human life” (Daily 1997). Over the long term, healthy freshwater ecosystems are likely to retain the adaptive capacity to sustain production of these ecological services in the face of future environmental disruptions such as climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Universities Council on Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., and Poff, N., 2004, Sustaining healthy freshwater ecosystems: Water Resources Update, v. 127, p. 52-58.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"58","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687f1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poff, N.L.","contributorId":22723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poff","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027161,"text":"70027161 - 2004 - Luminescence dating of the Wabar meteorite craters, Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-22T18:59:29.986913","indexId":"70027161","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Luminescence dating of the Wabar meteorite craters, Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"Luminescence dating has been used to find the age of meteorite impact craters at Wabar (Al Hadida) in Saudi Arabia. The luminescence characteristics of the shocked material were determined. Using a variety of luminescence dating techniques applied to impactite formed by the meteorite, and to the underlying sand, the age is found to be 290 ± 38 years. A comparison is made with two possible historically recorded ages. An impact as young as this has implications for the assessment of hazards from the impact on Earth of small meteorites.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2003JE002136","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Prescott, J., Robertson, G., Shoemaker, C., Shoemaker, E., and Wynn, J., 2004, Luminescence dating of the Wabar meteorite craters, Saudi Arabia: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 109, no. 1, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JE002136.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478123,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003je002136","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","otherGeospatial":"Al Hadida, Ar-Rub' Al-Khali (Empty Quarter)","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 50.4,\n 21.4\n ],\n [\n 50.4,\n 21.6\n ],\n [\n 50.6,\n 21.6\n ],\n [\n 50.6,\n 21.4\n ],\n [\n 50.4,\n 21.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a84e4b0c8380cd68e1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prescott, J.R.","contributorId":37097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, G.B.","contributorId":64429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shoemaker, C.","contributorId":18946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shoemaker, E.M.","contributorId":81499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wynn, J.","contributorId":27227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027162,"text":"70027162 - 2004 - Distribution of potentially hazardous trace elements in coals from Shanxi province, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70027162","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of potentially hazardous trace elements in coals from Shanxi province, China","docAbstract":"Shanxi province, located in the center of China, is the biggest coal base of China. There are five coal-forming periods in Shanxi province: Late Carboniferous (Taiyuan Formation), Early Permian (Shanxi Formation), Middle Jurassic (Datong Formation), Tertiary (Taxigou Formation), and Quaternary. Hundred and ten coal samples and a peat sample from Shanxi province were collected and the contents of 20 potentially hazardous trace elements (PHTEs) (As, B, Ba, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Th, U, V and Zn) in these samples were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry, cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry, ion chromatography spectrometry, and wet chemical analysis. The result shows that the brown coals are enriched in As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, F and Zn compared with the bituminous coals and anthracite, whereas the bituminous coals are enriched in B, Cl, Hg, and the anthracite is enriched in Cl, Hg, U and V. A comparison with world averages and crustal abundances (Clarke values) shows that the Quaternary peat is highly enriched in As and Mo, Tertiary brown coals are highly enriched in Cd, Middle Jurassic coals, Early Permian coals and Late Carboniferous coals are enriched in Hg. According to the coal ranks, the bituminous coals are highly enriched in Hg, whereas Cd, F and Th show low enrichments, and the anthracite is also highly enriched in Hg and low enrichment in Th. The concentrations of Cd, F, Hg and Th in Shanxi coals are more than world arithmetic means of concentrations for the corresponding elements. Comparing with the United States coals, Shanxi coals show higher concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, Se and Th. Most of Shanxi coals contain lower concentrations of PHTEs. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fuel","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0016-2361(03)00221-7","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Zhang, J., Zheng, C., Ren, D., Chou, C.L., Liu, J., Zeng, R., Wang, Z., Zhao, F., and Ge, Y., 2004, Distribution of potentially hazardous trace elements in coals from Shanxi province, China: Fuel, v. 83, no. 1, p. 129-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(03)00221-7.","startPage":"129","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208963,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(03)00221-7"},{"id":235097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02f2e4b0c8380cd50286","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, J.Y.","contributorId":20954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"J.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zheng, C.G.","contributorId":71364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ren, D.Y.","contributorId":96462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ren","given":"D.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zeng, R.-S.","contributorId":96425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"R.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wang, Z.P.","contributorId":92849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Z.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhao, F.H.","contributorId":42403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ge, Y.T.","contributorId":8266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ge","given":"Y.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70027103,"text":"70027103 - 2004 - The impact of anthropogenic land-cover change on the Florida Peninsula Sea Breezes and warm season sensible weather","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-02T13:40:04.160932","indexId":"70027103","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2786,"text":"Monthly Weather Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of anthropogenic land-cover change on the Florida Peninsula Sea Breezes and warm season sensible weather","docAbstract":"During the twentieth century, the natural landscape of the Florida peninsula was transformed extensively by agriculture, urbanization, and the diversion of surface water features. The purpose of this paper is to present a numerical modeling study in which the possible impacts of this transformation on the warm season climate of the region were investigated. For three separate July–August periods (1973, 1989, and 1994), a pair of simulations was performed with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System. Within each pair, the simulations differed only in the specification of land-cover class. The two different classes were specified using highly detailed datasets that were constructed to represent pre-1900 natural land cover and 1993 land-use patterns, thus capturing the landscape transformation within each pair of simulations.
When the pre-1900 natural cover was replaced with the 1993 land-use dataset, the simulated spatial patterns of the surface sensible and latent heat flux were altered significantly, resulting in changes in the structure and strength of climatologically persistent, surface-forced mesoscale circulations—particularly the afternoon sea-breeze fronts. This mechanism was associated with marked changes in the spatial distribution of convective rainfall totals over the peninsula. When averaged over the model domain, this redistribution was reflected as an overall decrease in the 2-month precipitation total. In addition, the domain average of the diurnal cycle of 2-m temperature was amplified, with a noted increase in the daytime maximum. These results were consistent among all three simulated periods, and largely unchanged when subjected to a number of model sensitivity factors. Furthermore, the model results are in reasonable agreement with an analysis of observational data that indicates decreasing regional precipitation and increasing daytime maximum temperature during the twentieth century.
These results could have important implications for water resource and land-use management issues in south Florida, including efforts to restore and preserve the natural hydroclimate of the Everglades ecosystem. This study also provides more evidence for the need to consider anthropogenic land-cover change when evaluating climate trends.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0028:TIOALC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00270644","usgsCitation":"Marshall, C.H., Pielke, R., Steyaert, L.T., and Willard, D., 2004, The impact of anthropogenic land-cover change on the Florida Peninsula Sea Breezes and warm season sensible weather: Monthly Weather Review, v. 132, no. 1, p. 28-52, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0028:TIOALC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.056640625,\n 24.84656534821976\n ],\n [\n -79.1455078125,\n 24.84656534821976\n ],\n [\n -79.1455078125,\n 27.352252938063845\n ],\n [\n -83.056640625,\n 27.352252938063845\n ],\n [\n -83.056640625,\n 24.84656534821976\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"132","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacdfe4b08c986b3237d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, C. H.","contributorId":31050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pielke, R.A. Sr.","contributorId":96224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pielke","given":"R.A.","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steyaert, L. T.","contributorId":71303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":85982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}