{"pageNumber":"2733","pageRowStart":"68300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70026361,"text":"70026361 - 2004 - Comparison of seven protocols to identify fecal contamination sources using Escherichia coli","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026361","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of seven protocols to identify fecal contamination sources using Escherichia coli","docAbstract":"Microbial source tracking (MST) uses various approaches to classify fecal-indicator microorganisms to source hosts. Reproducibility, accuracy, and robustness of seven phenotypic and genotypic MST protocols were evaluated by use of Escherichia coli from an eight-host library of known-source isolates and a separate, blinded challenge library. In reproducibility tests, measuring each protocol's ability to reclassify blinded replicates, only one (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; PFGE) correctly classified all test replicates to host species; three protocols classified 48-62% correctly, and the remaining three classified fewer than 25% correctly. In accuracy tests, measuring each protocol's ability to correctly classify new isolates, ribotyping with EcoRI and PvuII approached 100% correct classification but only 6% of isolates were classified; four of the other six protocols (antibiotic resistance analysis, PFGE, and two repetitive-element PCR protocols) achieved better than random accuracy rates when 30-100% of challenge isolates were classified. In robustness tests, measuring each protocol's ability to recognize isolates from nonlibrary hosts, three protocols correctly classified 33-100% of isolates as \"unknown origin,\" whereas four protocols classified all isolates to a source category. A relevance test, summarizing interpretations for a hypothetical water sample containing 30 challenge isolates, indicated that false-positive classifications would hinder interpretations for most protocols. Study results indicate that more representation in known-source libraries and better classification accuracy would be needed before field application. Thorough reliability assessment of classification results is crucial before and during application of MST protocols.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es0354519","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Stoeckel, D.M., Mathes, M., Hyer, K., Hagedorn, C., Kator, H., Lukasik, J., O’Brien, T.L., Fenger, T., Samadpour, M., Strickler, K., and Wiggins, B., 2004, Comparison of seven protocols to identify fecal contamination sources using Escherichia coli: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 22, p. 6109-6117, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0354519.","startPage":"6109","endPage":"6117","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208444,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0354519"}],"volume":"38","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f88de4b0c8380cd4d19b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoeckel, D. M.","contributorId":84855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeckel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mathes, M.V.","contributorId":44916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathes","given":"M.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hyer, K.E. 0000-0002-7156-7472","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7156-7472","contributorId":13018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyer","given":"K.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hagedorn, C.","contributorId":13019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagedorn","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kator, H.","contributorId":90672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kator","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lukasik, J.","contributorId":24535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lukasik","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O’Brien, T. L.","contributorId":74177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fenger, T.W.","contributorId":40385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenger","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Samadpour, M.","contributorId":30409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samadpour","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Strickler, K.M.","contributorId":33497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickler","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wiggins, B.A.","contributorId":93673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiggins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70026362,"text":"70026362 - 2004 - The Cottage Grove fault system (Illinois Basin): Late Paleozoic transpression along a Precambrian crustal boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026362","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Cottage Grove fault system (Illinois Basin): Late Paleozoic transpression along a Precambrian crustal boundary","docAbstract":"The Cottage Grove fault system in southern Illinois has long been interpreted as an intracratonic dextral strike-slip fault system. We investigated its structural geometry and kinematics in detail using (1) outcrop data, (2) extensive exposures in underground coal mines, (3) abundant borehole data, and (4) a network of industry seismic reflection profiles, including data reprocessed by us. Structural contour mapping delineates distinct monoclines, broad anticlines, and synclines that express Paleozoic-age deformation associated with strike slip along the fault system. As shown on seismic reflection profiles, prominent near-vertical faults that cut the entire Paleozoic section and basement-cover contact branch upward into outward-splaying, high-angle reverse faults. The master fault, sinuous along strike, is characterized along its length by an elongate anticline, ???3 km wide, that parallels the southern side of the master fault. These features signify that the overall kinematic regime was transpressional. Due to the absence of suitable piercing points, the amount of slip cannot be measured, but is constrained at less than 300 m near the ground surface. The Cottage Grove fault system apparently follows a Precambrian terrane boundary, as suggested by magnetic intensity data, the distribution of ultramafic igneous intrusions, and patterns of earthquake activity. The fault system was primarily active during the Alleghanian orogeny of Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian time, when ultramatic igneous magma intruded along en echelon tensional fractures. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25413.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Duchek, A., McBride, J., Nelson, W., and Leetaru, H., 2004, The Cottage Grove fault system (Illinois Basin): Late Paleozoic transpression along a Precambrian crustal boundary: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 116, no. 11-12, p. 1465-1484, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25413.1.","startPage":"1465","endPage":"1484","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208445,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25413.1"}],"volume":"116","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6f0e4b08c986b3212ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duchek, A.B.","contributorId":44328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duchek","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McBride, J.H.","contributorId":99712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, W.J.","contributorId":17762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leetaru, H.E.","contributorId":47123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leetaru","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026363,"text":"70026363 - 2004 - In-flight validation and recovery of water surface temperature with Landsat-5 thermal infrared data using an automated high-altitude lake validation site at Lake Tahoe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T11:00:46","indexId":"70026363","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In-flight validation and recovery of water surface temperature with Landsat-5 thermal infrared data using an automated high-altitude lake validation site at Lake Tahoe","docAbstract":"<p><span>The absolute radiometric accuracy of the thermal infrared band (B6) of the Thematic Mapper (TM) instrument on the Landsat-5 (L5) satellite was assessed over a period of approximately four years using data from the Lake Tahoe automated validation site (California-Nevada). The Lake Tahoe site was established in July 1999, and measurements of the skin and bulk temperature have been made approximately every 2 min from four permanently moored buoys since mid-1999. Assessment involved using a radiative transfer model to propagate surface skin temperature measurements made at the time of the L5 overpass to predict the at-sensor radiance. The predicted radiance was then convolved with the L5B6 system response function to obtain the predicted L5B6 radiance, which was then compared with the radiance measured by L5B6. Twenty-four cloud-free scenes acquired between 1999 and 2003 were used in the analysis with scene temperatures ranging between 4/spl deg/C and 22/spl deg/C. The results indicate L5B6 had a radiance bias of 2.5% (1.6/spl deg/C) in late 1999, which gradually decreased to 0.8% (0.5/spl deg/C) in mid-2002. Since that time, the bias has remained positive (predicted minus measured) and between 0.3% (0.2/spl deg/C) and 1.4% (0.9/spl deg/C). The cause for the cold bias (L5 radiances are lower than expected) is unresolved, but likely related to changes in instrument temperature associated with changes in instrument usage. The in situ data were then used to develop algorithms to recover the skin and bulk temperature of the water by regressing the L5B6 radiance and the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) total column water data to either the skin or bulk temperature. Use of the NCEP data provides an alternative approach to the split-window approach used with instruments that have two thermal infrared bands. The results indicate the surface skin and bulk temperature can be recovered with a standard error of 0.6/spl deg/C. This error is larger than errors obtained with other instruments due, in part, to the calibration bias. L5 provides the only long-duration high spatial resolution thermal infrared measurements of the land surface. If these data are to be used effectively in studies designed to monitor change, it is essential to continue to monitor instrument performance in-flight and develop quantitative algorithms for recovering surface temperature.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2004.839092","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Hook, S., Chander, G., Barsi, J., Alley, R., Abtahi, A., Palluconi, F.D., Markham, B.L., Richards, R., Schladow, S., and Helder, D., 2004, In-flight validation and recovery of water surface temperature with Landsat-5 thermal infrared data using an automated high-altitude lake validation site at Lake Tahoe: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 42, no. 12, p. 2767-2776, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.839092.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2767","endPage":"2776","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208470,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.839092"},{"id":234226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39bee4b0c8380cd61a1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hook, S.J.","contributorId":21711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barsi, J. A.","contributorId":24085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barsi","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alley, R.E.","contributorId":98599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abtahi, A.","contributorId":9133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abtahi","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Palluconi, Frank Don","contributorId":14952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palluconi","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"Don","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Markham, B. L.","contributorId":88872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Richards, R.C.","contributorId":50793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schladow, S.G.","contributorId":92791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schladow","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Helder, D. L. 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":51496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70026364,"text":"70026364 - 2004 - A project summary: Water and energy budget assessment for a non-tidal wetland in the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-25T13:08:59","indexId":"70026364","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A project summary: Water and energy budget assessment for a non-tidal wetland in the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta","docAbstract":"The methods used to obtain universal cover coefficient (Kc) values for a non-tidal restored wetland in the Sacramento-San Joaquin river delta, US, during the summer of the year 2002 and to investigate possible differences during changing wind patterns are described. A micrometeorological tower over the wetland was established to quantify actual evapotranspiration (ETa) rates and surface energy fluxes for water and energy budget analysis. The eddy-covariance (EC) system was used to measure the surface energy budget data in the period from May 23 to November 6, 2002. The results show that K c values should be lower during westerly than northerly wind events during the midseason period due to the reduced vapor pressure deficit.","largerWorkTitle":"26th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","conferenceTitle":"26th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","conferenceDate":"23 August 2004 through 26 August 2004","conferenceLocation":"Vancouver, BC","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Anderson, F.E., Snyder, R., Paw, U., and Drexler, J., 2004, A project summary: Water and energy budget assessment for a non-tidal wetland in the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta, <i>in</i> 26th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vancouver, BC, 23 August 2004 through 26 August 2004, p. 315-317.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"317","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e513e4b0c8380cd46aeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Frank E. 0000-0002-1418-4678 fanders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-4678","contributorId":2605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Frank","email":"fanders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snyder, R.L.","contributorId":65644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paw, U.K.T.","contributorId":33498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paw","given":"U.K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":1659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith Z.","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026366,"text":"70026366 - 2004 - Modes of occurrence of mercury and other trace elements in coals from the warrior field, Black Warrior Basin, Northwestern Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026366","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modes of occurrence of mercury and other trace elements in coals from the warrior field, Black Warrior Basin, Northwestern Alabama","docAbstract":"The mineralogic residence and abundance of trace metals is an important environmental issue. Data from the USGS coal quality database show that potentially toxic elements, including Hg, As, Mo, Se, Cu, and Tl are enriched in a subset of coal samples in the Black Warrior Basin of Alabama, USA. Although the coal as-mined typically is low in these elements, localized enrichments occur in high-pyrite coals and near faults. Microscopic analyses demonstrate that the residence of these elements is dominantly in a late-stage pyrite associated with structurally disrupted coal. Further, our data suggest addition of Hg to the coal matrix as well. The source of these trace elements was hydrothermal fluids driven into the Black Warrior Basin by Alleghanian age tectonism. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2004.02.003","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Diehl, S.F., Goldhaber, M., and Hatch, J.R., 2004, Modes of occurrence of mercury and other trace elements in coals from the warrior field, Black Warrior Basin, Northwestern Alabama: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 59, no. 3-4, p. 193-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2004.02.003.","startPage":"193","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208489,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2004.02.003"},{"id":234262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ca8e4b0c8380cd6fe6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diehl, S. F.","contributorId":84780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatch, J. R.","contributorId":14775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026367,"text":"70026367 - 2004 - Contemporary tectonic deformation of the Basin and Range province, western United States: 10 years of observation with the Global Positioning System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T14:30:37.661319","indexId":"70026367","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contemporary tectonic deformation of the Basin and Range province, western United States: 10 years of observation with the Global Positioning System","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"paraNumber\">[1]<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span>We have estimated patterns and rates of crustal movement across 800 km of the Basin and Range at ∼39° north latitude with Global Positioning System surveys in 1992, 1996, 1998, and 2002. The total rate of motion tangent to the small circle around the Pacific‐North America pole of rotation is 10.4 ± 1.0 mm/yr, and motion normal to this small circle is 3.9 ± 0.9 mm/yr compared to the east end of our network. On the Colorado Plateau the east end of our network moves by ∼1–2 mm/yr westerly with respect to North America. Transitions in strain rates delimit six major tectonic domains within the province. These deformation zones coincide with areas of modern seismicity and are, from east to west, (1) east‐west extension in the Wasatch Fault zone, (2) low rate east‐west extension centered near the Nevada‐Utah border, (3) low rate east‐west contraction between 114.7°W and 117.9°W, (4) extension normal to and strike‐slip motion across the N10°E striking Central Nevada Seismic Zone, (5) right lateral simple shear oriented N13°W inside the Walker Lane Belt, and (6) shear plus extension near the Sierra Nevada frontal faults. Concentration of shear and dilatational deformation across the three westernmost zones suggests that the Walker Lane Belt lithosphere is rheologically weak. However, we show that linear gradients in viscosity and gravitational potential energy can also effectively concentrate deformation. In the Basin and Range, gradients in gravitational potential are spatially anticorrelated with dilatational strain rates, consistent with the presence of horizontal variations in viscosity of the lithosphere.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002746","usgsCitation":"Hammond, W., and Thatcher, W., 2004, Contemporary tectonic deformation of the Basin and Range province, western United States: 10 years of observation with the Global Positioning System: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. B8, B08403, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002746.","productDescription":"B08403, 21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478056,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.180.2817","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208511,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/2003JB002746"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.431640625,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0830078125,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0830078125,\n              40.44694705960048\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.431640625,\n              40.44694705960048\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.431640625,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa4ce4b0c8380cd4da24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammond, W.C.","contributorId":19347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026368,"text":"70026368 - 2004 - Application of SAXS and SANS in evaluation of porosity, pore size distribution and surface area of coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026368","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of SAXS and SANS in evaluation of porosity, pore size distribution and surface area of coal","docAbstract":"This paper discusses the applicability of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) techniques for determining the porosity, pore size distribution and internal specific surface area in coals. The method is noninvasive, fast, inexpensive and does not require complex sample preparation. It uses coal grains of about 0.8 mm size mounted in standard pellets as used for petrographic studies. Assuming spherical pore geometry, the scattering data are converted into the pore size distribution in the size range 1 nm (10 A??) to 20 ??m (200,000 A??) in diameter, accounting for both open and closed pores. FTIR as well as SAXS and SANS data for seven samples of oriented whole coals and corresponding pellets with vitrinite reflectance (Ro) values in the range 0.55% to 5.15% are presented and analyzed. Our results demonstrate that pellets adequately represent the average microstructure of coal samples. The scattering data have been used to calculate the maximum surface area available for methane adsorption. Total porosity as percentage of sample volume is calculated and compared with worldwide trends. By demonstrating the applicability of SAXS and SANS techniques to determine the porosity, pore size distribution and surface area in coals, we provide a new and efficient tool, which can be used for any type of coal sample, from a thin slice to a representative sample of a thick seam. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2004.03.002","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Radlinski, A.P., Mastalerz, M., Hinde, A., Hainbuchner, M., Rauch, H., Baron, M., Lin, J., Fan, L., and Thiyagarajan, P., 2004, Application of SAXS and SANS in evaluation of porosity, pore size distribution and surface area of coal: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 59, no. 3-4, p. 245-271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2004.03.002.","startPage":"245","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208512,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2004.03.002"}],"volume":"59","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec88e4b0c8380cd49314","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Radlinski, A. P.","contributorId":30413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radlinski","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinde, A.L.","contributorId":58065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinde","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hainbuchner, M.","contributorId":85755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hainbuchner","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rauch, H.","contributorId":49574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rauch","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baron, M.","contributorId":33892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lin, J.S.","contributorId":31554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fan, L.","contributorId":73383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fan","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Thiyagarajan, P.","contributorId":31174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiyagarajan","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70026369,"text":"70026369 - 2004 - Transport of Cryptosporidium oocysts in porous media: Role of straining and physicochemical filtration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026369","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of Cryptosporidium oocysts in porous media: Role of straining and physicochemical filtration","docAbstract":"The transport and filtration behavior of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in columns packed with quartz sand was systematically examined under repulsive electrostatic conditions. An increase in solution ionic strength resulted in greater oocyst deposition rates despite theoretical predictions of a significant electrostatic energy barrier to deposition. Relatively high deposition rates obtained with both oocysts and polystyrene latex particles of comparable size at low ionic strength (1 mM) suggest that a physical mechanism may play a key role in oocyst removal. Supporting experiments conducted with latex particles of varying sizes, under very low ionic strength conditions where physicochemical filtration is negligible, clearly indicated that physical straining is an important capture mechanism. The results of this study indicate that irregularity of sand grain shape (verified by SEM imaging) contributes considerably to the straining potential of the porous medium. Hence, both straining and physicochemical filtration are expected to control the removal of C. parvum oocysts in settings typical of riverbank filtration, soil infiltration, and slow sand filtration. Because classic colloid filtration theory does not account for removal by straining, these observations have important implications with respect to predictions of oocyst transport.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es049789u","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Tufenkji, N., Miller, G., Ryan, J.N., Harvey, R., and Elimelech, M., 2004, Transport of Cryptosporidium oocysts in porous media: Role of straining and physicochemical filtration: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 22, p. 5932-5938, https://doi.org/10.1021/es049789u.","startPage":"5932","endPage":"5938","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208527,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es049789u"},{"id":234330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb748e4b08c986b327184","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tufenkji, N.","contributorId":21320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tufenkji","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, G.F.","contributorId":95242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, J. N.","contributorId":102649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elimelech, M.","contributorId":105469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elimelech","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1001882,"text":"1001882 - 2004 - Impacts of water development on aquatic macroinvertebrates, amphibians, and plants in wetlands of a semi-arid landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T10:13:22","indexId":"1001882","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of water development on aquatic macroinvertebrates, amphibians, and plants in wetlands of a semi-arid landscape","docAbstract":"<p>We compared the macroinvertebrate and amphibian communities of 12 excavated and 12 natural wetlands in western North Dakota, USA, to assess the effects of artificially lengthened hydroperiods on the biotic communities of wetlands in this semi-arid region. Excavated wetlands were much deeper and captured greater volumes of water than natural wetlands. Most excavated wetlands maintained water throughout the study period (May to October 1999), whereas most of the natural wetlands were dry by June. Excavated wetlands were largely unvegetated or contained submergent and deep-marsh plant species. The natural wetlands had two well-defined vegetative zones populated by plant species typical of wet meadows and shallow marshes. Excavated wetlands had a richer aquatic macroinvertebrate community that included several predatory taxa not found in natural wetlands. Taxa adapted to the short hydroperiods of seasonal wetlands were largely absent from excavated wetlands. The amphibian community of natural and excavated wetlands included the boreal chorus frog (<i>Pseudacris maculata</i>), northern leopard frog (<i>Rana pipiens</i>), plains spadefoot (<i>Scaphiopus bombifrons</i>), Woodhouse's toad (<i>Bufo woodhousii woodhousii</i>), and tiger salamander (<i>Ambystoma tigrinum</i>). The plains spadefoot occurred only in natural wetlands while tiger salamanders occurred in all 12 excavated wetlands and only one natural wetland. Boreal chorus frogs and northern leopard frogs were present in both wetland types; however, they successfully reproduced only in wetlands lacking tiger salamanders. Artificially extending the hydroperiod of wetlands by excavation has greatly influenced the composition of native biotic communities adapted to the naturally short hydroperiods of wetlands in this semi-arid region. The compositional change of the biotic communities can be related to hydrological changes and biotic interactions, especially predation related to excavation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634980490281335","usgsCitation":"Euliss, N.H., and Mushet, D.M., 2004, Impacts of water development on aquatic macroinvertebrates, amphibians, and plants in wetlands of a semi-arid landscape: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 7, no. 1, p. 73-84, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980490281335.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"84","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f25a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euliss, Ned H. Jr. ceuliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ceuliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026370,"text":"70026370 - 2004 - Edwards plateau: Analysis of land cover trends","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026370","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Edwards plateau: Analysis of land cover trends","docAbstract":"The Land Cover Trends project studies the rates, causes, and consequences of contemporary (1973-2000) change in land use and land cover in the United States on an ecoregional basis. The Edwards Plateau ecoregion is the focus of this report. Landsat imagery from five dates during a nearly 30-year period are interpreted for randomly selected sample blocks. The resulting data provide the foundation for estimating change. Along with the image analysis, site visits to 90% of the sampled areas, geographical profiles, and socioeconomic data for the ecoregion are synthesized to assess regional driving forces and consequences of change. Complete project methodology can be found in Loveland et al [1].","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings: Science for Society: Exploring and Managing a Changing Planet. IGARSS 2004","conferenceDate":"20 September 2004 through 24 September 2004","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Friesen, B., Hester, D., and Casey, K., 2004, Edwards plateau: Analysis of land cover trends, <i>in</i> International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), v. 4, Anchorage, AK, 20 September 2004 through 24 September 2004, p. 2639-2642.","startPage":"2639","endPage":"2642","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05b0e4b0c8380cd50ee4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friesen, B.A.","contributorId":77713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friesen","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hester, D.J.","contributorId":43145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hester","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casey, K.A.","contributorId":66035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026371,"text":"70026371 - 2004 - Stress transfer to the Denali and other regional faults from the M 9.2 Alaska earthquake of 1964","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-15T09:59:47.056133","indexId":"70026371","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress transfer to the Denali and other regional faults from the M 9.2 Alaska earthquake of 1964","docAbstract":"<p>Stress transfer from the great 1964 Prince William Sound earthquake is modeled on the Denali fault, including the Denali-Totschunda fault segments that ruptured in 2002, and on other regional fault systems where M 7.5 and larger earthquakes have occurred since 1900. The results indicate that analysis of Coulomb stress transfer from the dominant earthquake in a region is a potentially powerful tool in assessing time-varying earthquake hazard. Modeled Coulomb stress increases on the northern Denali and Totschunda faults from the great 1964 earthquake coincide with zones that ruptured in the 2002 Denali fault earthquake, although stress on the Susitna Glacier thrust plane, where the 2002 event initiated, was decreased. A southeasterlytrending Coulomb stress transect along the right-lateral Totschunda-Fairweather-Queen Charlotte trend shows stress transfer from the 1964 event advancing slip on the Totschunda, Fairweather, and Queen Charlotte segments, including the southern Fairweather segment that ruptured in 1972. Stress transfer retarding right-lateral strike slip was observed from the southern part of the Totschunda fault to the northern end of the Fairweather fault (1958 rupture). This region encompasses a gap with shallow thrust faulting but with little evidence of strike-slip faulting connecting the segments to the northwest and southeast. Stress transfer toward failure was computed on the north-south trending right-lateral strike-slip faults in the Gulf of Alaska that ruptured in 1987 and 1988, with inhibitory stress changes at the northern end of the northernmost (1987) rupture. The northern Denali and Totschunda faults, including the zones that ruptured in the 2002 earthquakes, follow very closely (within 3%), for about <span>90°</span>, an arc of a circle of radius 375 km. The center of this circle is within a few kilometers of the intersection at depth of the Patton Bay fault with the Alaskan megathrust. This inferred asperity edge may be the pole of counterclockwise rotation of the block south of the Denali fault. These observations suggest that the asperity and its recurrent rupture in great earthquakes as in 1964 may have influenced the tectonics of the region during the later stages of evolution of the Denali strike-slip fault system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040622","usgsCitation":"Bufe, C., 2004, Stress transfer to the Denali and other regional faults from the M 9.2 Alaska earthquake of 1964: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6B, p. S145-S155, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040622.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"S145","endPage":"S155","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70027437,"text":"70027437 - 2004 - Movements of flightless long-tailed ducks during wing molt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T22:21:41.496994","indexId":"70027437","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movements of flightless long-tailed ducks during wing molt","docAbstract":"<p>We examined the movements of flightless Long-tailed Ducks (<i>Clangula hyemalis</i>) during the wing molt in the near-shore lagoons of the Beaufort Sea in Alaska. Estimates of site fidelity during the 21-day flightless period ranged from 1-100%, with considerable variation among locations and within locations among years. There was no effect of low-level experimental disturbance or an underwater seismic survey on site fidelity of molting Long-tailed Ducks. Birds molting along a relatively consistent habitat gradient were more likely to move than those molting in a fragmented habitat. While flocks of birds are consistently observed in the same locations, these data suggest considerable turnover within these aggregations. These results, in conjunction with other studies, suggest that forage is relatively uniformly distributed within lagoons. We conclude that habitat selection by molting Long-tailed Ducks is likely influenced by protection from wind and associated waves.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0035:MOFLDD]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Lacroix, D.L., Reed, J.A., and Lanctot, R., 2004, Movements of flightless long-tailed ducks during wing molt: Waterbirds, v. 27, no. 1, p. 35-40, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0035:MOFLDD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"40","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238158,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f67e4b0c8380cd70f2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacroix, Deborah L.","contributorId":88145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lacroix","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, John A. 0000-0002-3239-6906 jareed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3239-6906","contributorId":127683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"John","email":"jareed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":77879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard B.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026927,"text":"70026927 - 2004 - Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) use of rock drainage channels on reclaimed mines in southern West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-25T16:40:48.044751","indexId":"70026927","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Allegheny woodrat (<i>Neotoma magister</i>) use of rock drainage channels on reclaimed mines in southern West Virginia","title":"Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) use of rock drainage channels on reclaimed mines in southern West Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>Allegheny woodrats (<i>Neotoma magister</i>) currently receive protected status throughout their range due to population declines. Threats associated with habitat fragmentation (e.g., introduced predators, disease, loss of connectivity among subpopulations and habitat loss) may explain why Allegheny woodrats are no longer found in many areas where they existed just 25 y ago. In southern West Virginia, surface coal mining is a major cause of forest fragmentation. Furthermore, mountaintop mining, the prevalent method in the region, results in a loss of rock outcrops and cliffs within forested areas, typical habitat of the Allegheny woodrat To determine the extent that Allegheny woodrats make use of reclaimed mine land, particularly rock drainages built during reclamation, we sampled 24 drainage channels on reclaimed surface mines in southern West Virginia, collected habitat data at each site and used logistic regression to identify habitat variables related to Allegheny woodrat presence. During 187 trap nights, 13 adult, 2 subadult and 8 juvenile Allegheny woodrats were captured at 13 of the 24 sites. Percent of rock as a groundcover and density of stems &gt;15 cm diameter-at-breast-height (DBH) were related to Allegheny woodrat presence and were significantly greater at sites where Allegheny woodrats were present than absent. Sites where Allegheny woodrats were present differed substantially from other described habitats in West Virginia, though they may simulate boulder piles that occur naturally. Our findings suggest the need for additional research to examine the dynamics between Allegheny woodrat populations inhabiting rock outcrops in forests adjacent to mines and populations inhabiting constructed drainage channels on reclaimed mines. However, if Allegheny woodrats can use human-created habitat, our results will be useful to surface mine reclamation and to other mitigation efforts where rocky habitats are lost or disturbed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2004)151[0346:AWNMUO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Chamblin, H., Wood, P., and Edwards, J., 2004, Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) use of rock drainage channels on reclaimed mines in southern West Virginia: American Midland Naturalist, v. 151, no. 2, p. 346-354, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2004)151[0346:AWNMUO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"346","endPage":"354","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West 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,{"id":1002907,"text":"1002907 - 2004 - Hydrologic and hydraulic factors affecting passage of paddlefish through dams in the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-27T18:12:51.18457","indexId":"1002907","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic and hydraulic factors affecting passage of paddlefish through dams in the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"<p>Populations of paddlefish <i>Polyodon spathula</i> have been adversely affected by dams that can block their movements. Unlike high-head dams that preclude fish passage (unless they are equipped with fishways), the dams on the upper Mississippi River are typically low-head dams with bottom release gates that may allow fish passage under certain conditions. We evaluated the relation of dam head and river discharge to the passage of radio-tagged paddlefish through dams in the upper Mississippi River. Radio transmitters were surgically implanted into 71 paddlefish from Navigation Pools 5A and 8 of the upper Mississippi River and from two tributary rivers during fall 1994 through fall 1996. We tracked paddlefish through September 1997 and documented 53 passages through dams, 20 upstream and 33 downstream. Passages occurred mostly during spring (71%) but also occurred sporadically during summer and fall (29%). Spring passages varied among years in response to hydrologic conditions. We evaluated patterns in upstream and downstream passages with Cox proportional hazard regression models. Model results indicated that dam head height strongly affected the upstream passage of paddlefish but not the downstream passage. Several paddlefish, however, passed upstream through a dam during periods when the minimum head at the dam was substantial (<span>≥1 m</span>). In these cases, we hypothesize that paddlefish moved upstream through the lock chamber.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/T02-161","usgsCitation":"Zigler, S.J., Dewey, M.R., Knights, B., Runstrom, A., and Steingraeber, M., 2004, Hydrologic and hydraulic factors affecting passage of paddlefish through dams in the Upper Mississippi River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 133, no. 1, p. 160-172, https://doi.org/10.1577/T02-161.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"172","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.98828125,\n              44.68427737181225\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.58203125,\n              43.389081939117496\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.703125,\n              42.16340342422401\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.4501953125,\n              40.68063802521456\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3955078125,\n              40.97989806962013\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.8681640625,\n              42.06560675405716\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.52734374999999,\n              43.03677585761058\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.58203125,\n              44.59046718130883\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.94433593749999,\n              45.27488643704891\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.63671874999997,\n              45.82879925192134\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.98828125,\n              44.68427737181225\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"133","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db61180c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zigler, S. J.","contributorId":21513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dewey, M. R.","contributorId":48908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knights, B.C. 0000-0001-8526-8468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":42937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"B.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runstrom, A.L.","contributorId":87206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runstrom","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steingraeber, M.T.","contributorId":106192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steingraeber","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1001785,"text":"1001785 - 2004 - Less waste corn, more land in soybeans, and the switch to genetically modified crops: Trends with important implications to wildlife management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T15:44:21.3329","indexId":"1001785","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Less waste corn, more land in soybeans, and the switch to genetically modified crops: Trends with important implications to wildlife management","docAbstract":"<p><span>American agriculture has provided abundant high-energy foods for migratory and resident wildlife populations since the onset of modern wildlife management. Responding to anecdotal evidence that corn residues are declining in cropland, we remeasured waste corn postharvest in the Central Platte River Valley (CPRV) of Nebraska during 1997 and 1998 to compare with 1978. Post-harvest waste corn averaged 2.6% and 1.8% of yield in 1997 and 1998, respectively. After accounting for a 20% increase in yield, waste corn in 1997 and 1998 was reduced 24% and 47% from 1978. We also evaluated use of soybeans by spring-staging sandhill cranes (</span><i>Grus canadensis</i><span>) and waterfowl during spring 1998 and 1999. Despite being widely available in the CPRV, soybeans did not occur in esophageal contents of sandhill cranes (</span><i>n</i><span>=174), northern pintails (</span><i>Anas acuta, n</i><span>&nbsp;= 139), greater white-fronted geese (</span><i>Anser albifrons, n</i><span>&nbsp;= 198), or lesser snow geese (</span><i>Chen caerulescens, n</i><span>=208) collected with food in their esophagi. Lack of soybean consumption by cranes and waterfowl in Nebraska in early spring builds upon previously published findings, suggesting that soybeans are poorly suited for meeting nutrient needs of wildlife requiring a high-energy diet. Given evidence that high-energy food and numerous populations of seed-eating species found on farmland are declining, and the enormous potential risk to game and nongame wildlife populations if high-energy foods were to become scarce, a comprehensive research effort to study the problem appears warranted. Provisions under the Conservation Security subtitle of The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 offer a potential mechanism to encourage producers to manage cropland in ways that would replace part of the high-energy foods that have been lost to increasing efficiency of production agriculture.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[127:LWCMLI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G., Brandt, D., and Cox, R.R., 2004, Less waste corn, more land in soybeans, and the switch to genetically modified crops: Trends with important implications to wildlife management: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 32, no. 1, p. 127-136, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[127:LWCMLI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.10644531250001,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.12890625,\n              40.94671366508002\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.17285156250001,\n              40.44694705960048\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.17285156250001,\n              39.977120098439634\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.7998046875,\n              39.977120098439634\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.3173828125,\n              39.90973623453719\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.5478515625,\n              42.84375132629021\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0185546875,\n              43.004647127794435\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.10644531250001,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a63dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandt, D.A.","contributorId":67448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, R. R. Jr.","contributorId":57006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026935,"text":"70026935 - 2004 - Hyperspectral analysis of the ultramafic complex and adjacent lithologies at Mordor, NT, Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70026935","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hyperspectral analysis of the ultramafic complex and adjacent lithologies at Mordor, NT, Australia","docAbstract":"The Mordor Complex consists of a series of potassic ultramafic rocks which were intruded into Proterozoic felsic gneisses and amphibolite and are overlain by quartzite and unconsolidated deposits. In situ and laboratory 0.4 to 2.5 ??m reflectance spectra show Al-OH absorption features caused by absorption in muscovite, kaolinite, and illite/smectite in syenite, granitic gneiss, quartzite and unconsolidated sedimentary deposits, and Fe,Mg-OH features due to phlogopite, biotite, epidote, and hornblende in the mafic and ultramafic rocks. Ferrous-iron absorption positioned near 1.05 ??m is most intense in peridotite reflectance spectra. Ferric-iron absorption is intense in most of the felsic lithologies. HyMap data were recorded in 126 narrow bands from 0.43 to 2.5 ??m along a 7-km-wide swath with approximately 6-m spatial resolution. Correction of the data to spectral reflectance was accomplished by reference to in situ measurements of an extensive, alluvial plain. Spectral classes for matched filter processing were selected by using the pixel purity index procedure and analysis of in situ and laboratory spectra. Considering the spatial distribution of the resulting 14 classes, some classes were combined, which produced eight classes characterized by Al-OH absorption features, and three Fe,Mg-OH absorption-feature classes. Comparison of the distribution of these 11 spectral classes to a generalized lithologic map of the study area shows that the spectral distinction among the eight Al-OH classes is related to variations in primary lithology, weathering products, and vegetation density. Quartzite is represented in three classes, syenite corresponds to a single scattered class, quartz-muscovite-biotite schist defines a single very coherent class, and unconsolidated sediments are portrayed in four classes. The three mafic-ultramafic classes are distinguished on the basis of generally intense Fe,Mg-OH and ferrous-iron absorption features. A single class represents the main Mordor ultramafic mass. Epidote-bearing rocks define another class, which corresponds to biotite gneiss and, in the southern part of the area, to fracture zones. The third class, which exhibits Al-OH, as well as Fe,Mg-OH features, represents hornblende gneiss and other mafic gneisses. These results indicate the importance of analyzing the VNIR and SWIR spectral shape and albedo, as well as analyzing specific spectral features, for mapping lithologic units in this weathered terrain. ?? 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2004.04.007","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., Simpson, C., and Mars, J., 2004, Hyperspectral analysis of the ultramafic complex and adjacent lithologies at Mordor, NT, Australia: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 91, no. 3-4, p. 419-431, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.04.007.","startPage":"419","endPage":"431","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209140,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.04.007"},{"id":235358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37bae4b0c8380cd610eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simpson, C.J.","contributorId":50716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mars, J.C.","contributorId":74833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mars","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1002908,"text":"1002908 - 2004 - Avian nest success in midwestern forests fragmented by agriculture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T15:44:25.705425","indexId":"1002908","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian nest success in midwestern forests fragmented by agriculture","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied how forest-bird nest success varied by landscape context from 1996 to 1998 in an agricultural region of southeastern Minnesota, southwestern Wisconsin, and northeastern Iowa. Nest success was 48% for all nests, 82% for cavity-nesting species, and 42% for cup-nesting species. Mayfield-adjusted nest success for five common species ranged from 23% for the American Redstart (</span><i>Setophaga ruticilla</i><span>) to 43% for the Eastern Wood-Pewee (</span><i>Contopus virens</i><span>). Nest success was lowest for open-cup nesters, species that reject Brown-headed Cowbird (</span><i>Molothrus ater</i><span>) eggs, species that nest near forest edges, and Neotropical migrants. The proportion of forest core area in a 5-km radius around the plot had a weakly negative relationship with daily survival rate of nests for all species pooled and for medium or high canopy nesters, species associated with interior and edge habitats, open-cup nesters, and nests located between 75 and 199 m from an edge. The proportion of forest core area was positively related to daily survival rate only for ground and low nesters. Our findings are in contrast to a number of studies from the eastern United States reporting strong positive associations between forest area and nesting success. Supported models of habitat associations changed with the spatial scale of analysis and included variables not often considered in studies of forest birds, including the proportion of water, shrubs, and grasslands in the landscape. Forest area may not be a strong indicator of nest success in landscapes where all the available forests are fragmented.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/106.1.116","usgsCitation":"Knutson, M.G., Niemi, G.J., Newton, W.E., and Friberg, M.A., 2004, Avian nest success in midwestern forests fragmented by agriculture: Condor, v. 106, no. 1, p. 116-130, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.1.116.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"130","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496338,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.1.116","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Driftless Area Ecoregion","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.65917968749999,\n              42.47209690919285\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.93408203124999,\n              43.02071359427862\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.17578124999999,\n              43.75522505306928\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.95556640625,\n              44.88701247981298\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.2080078125,\n              44.63739123445585\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.08740234375,\n              43.70759350405294\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.64794921875,\n              42.76314586689492\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.65917968749999,\n              42.47209690919285\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64af2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knutson, Melinda G.","contributorId":74338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutson","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niemi, Gerald J.","contributorId":71904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niemi","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newton, Wesley E. 0000-0002-1377-043X wnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-043X","contributorId":3661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Wesley","email":"wnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friberg, M. A.","contributorId":85931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friberg","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":53434,"text":"ofr20041011 - 2004 - Emergency assessment of debris-flow hazards from basins burned by the Cedar and Paradise Fires of 2003, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr20041011","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1011","title":"Emergency assessment of debris-flow hazards from basins burned by the Cedar and Paradise Fires of 2003, southern California","docAbstract":"These maps present preliminary assessments of the probability of debris-flow activity and estimates of peak discharges that can potentially be generated by debris flows issuing from basins burned by the Cedar and Paradise Fires of October 2003 in southern California in response to 25-year, 10-year, and 2-year recurrence, 1-hour duration rain storms. The probability maps are based on the application of a logistic multiple regression model that describes the percent chance of debris-flow production from an individual basin as a function of burned extent, soil properties, basin gradients, and storm rainfall. The peak-discharge maps are based on application of a multiple-regression model that can be used to estimate debris-flow peak discharge at a basin outlet as a function of basin gradient, burn extent, and storm rainfall. Probabilities of debris-flow occurrence for the Cedar Fire range between 0 and 98% and estimates of debris-flow peak discharges range between 893 and 5,987 ft3/s (25 to 170 m3/s). Basins burned by the Paradise Fire show probabilities for debris-flow occurrence between 2 and 98%, and peak discharge estimates between 1,814 and 5,980 ft3/s (51 and 169 m3/s). These maps are intended to identify those basins that are most prone to the largest debris-flow events and provide information for the preliminary design of mitigation measures and for the planning of evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041011","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Rupert, M.G., and Michael, J.A., 2004, Emergency assessment of debris-flow hazards from basins burned by the Cedar and Paradise Fires of 2003, southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1011, 90 by 36 inch map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041011.","productDescription":"90 by 36 inch map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5214,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1011/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604766","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":247581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026953,"text":"70026953 - 2004 - Entry of alkalis into type-I chondrules at both high and low temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70026953","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2715,"text":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Entry of alkalis into type-I chondrules at both high and low temperatures","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10869379","usgsCitation":"Grossman, J.N., and Alexander, C.M., 2004, Entry of alkalis into type-I chondrules at both high and low temperatures: Meteoritics and Planetary Science, v. 39, no. SUPPL.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0985e4b0c8380cd51f61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, C. M. O’D.","contributorId":105418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M. O’D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026707,"text":"70026707 - 2004 - Scanning electron microscopy investigations of laboratory-grown gas clathrate hydrates formed from melting ice, and comparison to natural hydrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026707","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scanning electron microscopy investigations of laboratory-grown gas clathrate hydrates formed from melting ice, and comparison to natural hydrates","docAbstract":"Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate grain texture and pore structure development within various compositions of pure sI and sII gas hydrates synthesized in the laboratory, as well as in natural samples retrieved from marine (Gulf of Mexico) and permafrost (NW Canada) settings. Several samples of methane hydrate were also quenched after various extents of partial reaction for assessment of mid-synthesis textural progression. All laboratory-synthesized hydrates were grown under relatively high-temperature and high-pressure conditions from rounded ice grains with geometrically simple pore shapes, yet all resulting samples displayed extensive recrystallization with complex pore geometry. Growth fronts of mesoporous methane hydrate advancing into dense ice reactant were prevalent in those samples quenched after limited reaction below and at the ice point. As temperatures transgress the ice point, grain surfaces continue to develop a discrete \"rind\" of hydrate, typically 5 to 30 ??m thick. The cores then commonly melt, with rind microfracturing allowing migration of the melt to adjacent grain boundaries where it also forms hydrate. As the reaction continues under progressively warmer conditions, the hydrate product anneals to form dense and relatively pore-free regions of hydrate grains, in which grain size is typically several tens of micrometers. The prevalence of hollow, spheroidal shells of hydrate, coupled with extensive redistribution of reactant and product phases throughout reaction, implies that a diffusion-controlled shrinking-core model is an inappropriate description of sustained hydrate growth from melting ice. Completion of reaction at peak synthesis conditions then produces exceptional faceting and euhedral crystal growth along exposed pore walls. Further recrystallization or regrowth can then accompany even short-term exposure of synthetic hydrates to natural ocean-floor conditions, such that the final textures may closely mimic those observed in natural samples of marine origin. Of particular note, both the mesoporous and highly faceted textures seen at different stages during synthetic hydrate growth were notably absent from all examined hydrates recovered from a natural marine-environment setting.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Stern, L., Kirby, S.H., Circone, S., and Durham, W., 2004, Scanning electron microscopy investigations of laboratory-grown gas clathrate hydrates formed from melting ice, and comparison to natural hydrates: American Mineralogist, v. 89, no. 8-9, p. 1162-1175.","startPage":"1162","endPage":"1175","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"8-9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8726e4b08c986b316338","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stern, L.A.","contributorId":38293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Circone, S.","contributorId":35901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Circone","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Durham, W.B.","contributorId":72135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1002918,"text":"1002918 - 2004 - Validation of two dilution models to predict chloramine-T concentrations in aquaculture facility effluent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-28T16:22:32.740534","indexId":"1002918","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of two dilution models to predict chloramine-T concentrations in aquaculture facility effluent","docAbstract":"<p>Accurate estimates of drug concentrations in hatchery effluent are critical to assess the environmental risk of hatchery drug discharge resulting from disease treatment. This study validated two dilution simple n models to estimate chloramine-T environmental introduction concentrations by comparing measured and predicted chloramine-T concentrations using the US Geological Survey's Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center aquaculture facility effluent as an example. The hydraulic characteristics of our treated raceway and effluent and the accuracy of our water flow rate measurements were confirmed with the marker dye rhodamine WT. We also used the rhodamine WT data to develop dilution models that would (1) estimate the chloramine-T concentration at a given time and location in the effluent system and (2) estimate the average chloramine-T concentration at a given location over the entire discharge period. To test our models, we predicted the chloramine-T concentration at two sample points based on effluent flow and the maintenance of chloramine-T at 20 mg/l for 60 min in the same raceway used with rhodamine WT. The effluent sample points selected (sample points A and B) represented 47 and 100% of the total effluent flow, respectively. Sample point B is-analogous to the discharge of a hatchery that does not have a detention lagoon, i.e. The sample site was downstream of the last dilution water addition following treatment. We then applied four chloramine-T flow-through treatments at 20mg/l for 60 min and measured the chloramine-T concentration in water samples collected every 15 min for about 180 min from the treated raceway and sample points A and B during and after application. The predicted chloramine-T concentration at each sampling interval was similar to the measured chloramine-T concentration at sample points A and B and was generally bounded by the measured 90% confidence intervals. The predicted aver,age chloramine-T concentrations at sample points A or B (2.8 and 1.3 mg/l, respectively) were not significantly different (P &gt; 0.05) from the average measured chloramine-T concentrations (2.7 and 1.3 mg/l, respectively). The close agreement between our predicted and measured chloramine-T concentrations indicate either of the dilution models could be used to adequately predict the chloramine-T environmental introduction concentration in Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center effluent.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ScienceDirect","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2003.11.001","usgsCitation":"Gaikowski, M., Larson, W., Steuer, J.J., and Gingerich, W., 2004, Validation of two dilution models to predict chloramine-T concentrations in aquaculture facility effluent: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 30, no. 3-4, p. 127-140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2003.11.001.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6890d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaikowski, M.P. 0000-0002-6507-9341","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":51685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, W.J.","contributorId":83489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steuer, J. J.","contributorId":12430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steuer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gingerich, W.H.","contributorId":83481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026710,"text":"70026710 - 2004 - The helium isotopic chemistry of Lake Bonney, Taylor Valley, Antarctica: Timing of late holocene climate change in Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026710","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":866,"text":"Aquatic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The helium isotopic chemistry of Lake Bonney, Taylor Valley, Antarctica: Timing of late holocene climate change in Antarctica","docAbstract":"To better understand the long-term climate history of Antarctica, we studied Lake Bonney in Taylor Valley, Southern Victoria Land (78?? S). Helium isotope ratios and He, Ne, Ar and N2 concentration data, obtained from hydrocasts in the East (ELB) and West (WLB) Lobesof Lake Bonney, provided important constraints on the lake's Holocene evolution. Based on very low concentrations of Ar and N2 in the ELB bottom waters, ELB was free of ice until 200 ?? 50 years ago. After which, low salinity water flowing over the sill from WLB to ELB, covered ELB and formed a perennial ice cover, inhibiting the exchange of gases with the atmosphere. In contrast to the ELB, the WLB retained an ice cover through the Holocene. The brine in the WLB bottom waters has meteoric N2 and Ar gas concentrations indicating that it has not been significantly modified by atmospheric exchange or ice formation. The helium concentrations in the deep water of WLB are the highest measured in non-thermal surface water. By fitting a diffusional loss to the 3He/4He, helium, and Cl profiles, we calculate a time of ???3000 years for the initiation of flow over the sill separating the East and West Lobes. To supply this flux of helium to the lake, a helium-rich sediment beneath the lake must be providing the helium by diffusion. If at any time during the last million years the ice cover left WLB, there would be insufficient helium available to provide the current flux to WLB. The variations in water levels in Lake Bonney can be related to climatic events that have been documented within the Southern Victoria Land region and indicate that the lakes respond significantly to regional and, perhaps, global climate forcing. ?? 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10498-004-2265-z","issn":"13806165","usgsCitation":"Poreda, R., Hunt, A., Berry, L.W., and Welch, K., 2004, The helium isotopic chemistry of Lake Bonney, Taylor Valley, Antarctica: Timing of late holocene climate change in Antarctica: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 10, no. 3-4, p. 353-371, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-004-2265-z.","startPage":"353","endPage":"371","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208507,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10498-004-2265-z"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacb5e4b08c986b3236a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poreda, R.J.","contributorId":97138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poreda","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, A.G.","contributorId":68691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berry, Lyons W.","contributorId":43633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Lyons","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welch, K.A.","contributorId":44315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027027,"text":"70027027 - 2004 - Occurrence of hexavalent chromium in ground water in the western Mojave Desert, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:25:35","indexId":"70027027","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of hexavalent chromium in ground water in the western Mojave Desert, California","docAbstract":"About 200 samples from selected public supply, domestic, and observation wells completed in alluvial aquifers underlying the western Mojave Desert were analyzed for total dissolved Cr and Cr(VI). Because Cr(VI) is difficult to preserve, samples were analyzed by 3 methods. Chromium(VI) was determined in the field using both a direct colorimetric method and EPA method 218.6, and samples were speciated in the field for later analysis in the laboratory using a cation-exchange method developed for the study described in this paper. Comparison of the direct colorimetric method and EPA method 218.6 with the new cation-exchange method yielded r2 values of 0.9991 and 0.9992, respectively. Total dissolved Cr concentrations ranged from less than the 0.1 ??g/l detection limit to 60 ??g/l, and almost all the Cr present was Cr(VI). Near recharge areas along the mountain front pH values were near neutral, dissolved O2 concentrations were near saturation, and Cr(VI) concentrations were less than the 0.1 ??g/l detection limit. Chromium(VI) concentrations and pH values increased downgradient as long as dissolved O 2 was present. However, low Cr(VI) concentrations were associated with low dissolved O2 concentrations near ground-water discharge areas along dry lakes. Chromium(VI) concentrations as high as 60 ??g/l occurred in ground water from the Sheep Creek fan alluvial deposits weathered from mafic rock derived from the San Gabriel Mountains, and Cr(VI) concentrations as high as about 36 ??g/l were present in ground water from alluvial deposits weathered from less mafic granitic, metamorphic, and volcanic rocks. Chromium(III) was the predominant form of Cr only in areas where dissolved O2 concentrations were less than 1 mg/l and was detected at a median concentration of 0.1 ??g/l, owing to its low solubility in water of near-neutral pH. Depending on local hydrogeologic conditions and the distribution of dissolved O2, Cr(VI) concentrations may vary considerably with depth. Samples collected under pumping conditions from different depths within wells show that Cr(VI) concentrations can range from less than the 0.1 ??g/l detection limit to 36 ??g/l in a single well and that dissolved O2 concentrations likely control the concentration and redox speciation of Cr in ground water.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.011","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Ball, J., and Izbicki, J., 2004, Occurrence of hexavalent chromium in ground water in the western Mojave Desert, California: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, no. 7, p. 1123-1135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.011.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1123","endPage":"1135","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208981,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.011"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.5,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              35.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.5,\n              35.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.5,\n              34\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6bf3e4b0c8380cd749a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, J. A. 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":28244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027086,"text":"70027086 - 2004 - Limnological and climatic environments at Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon during the past 45 000 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-03T15:31:25.268128","indexId":"70027086","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limnological and climatic environments at Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon during the past 45 000 years","docAbstract":"Upper Klamath Lake, in south-central Oregon, contains long sediment records with well-preserved diatoms and lithological variations that reflect climate-induced limnological changes. These sediment archives complement and extend high resolution terrestrial records along a north-south transect that includes areas influenced by the Aleutian Low and Subtropical High, which control both marine and continental climates in the western United States. The longest and oldest core collected in this study came from the southwest margin of the lake at Caledonia Marsh, and was dated by radiocarbon and tephrochronology to an age of about 45 ka. Paleolimnological interpretations of this core, based upon geochemical and diatom analyses, have been augmented by data from a short core collected from open water environments at nearby Howards Bay and from a 9-m core extending to 15 ka raised from the center of the northwestern part of Upper Klamath Lake. Pre- and full-glacial intervals of the Caledonia Marsh core are characterized and dominated by lithic detrital material. Planktic diatom taxa characteristic of cold-water habitats (Aulacoseira subarctica and A. islandica) alternate with warm-water planktic diatoms (A. ambigua) between 45 and 23 ka, documenting climate changes at millennial scales during oxygen isotope stage (OIS) 3. The full-glacial interval contains mostly cold-water planktic, benthic, and reworked Pliocene lacustrine diatoms (from the surrounding Yonna Formation) that document shallow water conditions in a cold, windy environment. After 15 ka, diatom productivity increased. Organic carbon and biogenic silica became significant sediment components and diatoms that live in the lake today, indicative of warm, eutrophic water, became prominent. Lake levels fell during the mid-Holocene and marsh environments extended over the core site. This interval is characterized by high levels of organic carbon from emergent aquatic vegetation (Scirpus) and by the Mazama ash (7.55 ka), generated by the eruption that created nearby Crater Lake. For a brief time the ash increased the salinity of Upper Klamath Lake. High concentrations of molybdenum, arsenic, and vanadium indicate that Caledonia Marsh was anoxic from about 7 to 5 ka. After the mid-Holocene, shallow, but open-water environments returned to the core site. The sediments became dominated (>80%) by biogenic silica. The open-water cores show analogous but less extreme limnological and climatic changes more typical of mid-lake environments. Millennial-scale lake and climate changes during OIS 3 at Upper Klamath Lake contrast with a similar record of variation at Owens Lake, about 750 km south. When Upper Klamath Lake experienced cold-climate episodes during OIS 3, Owens Lake had warm but wet episodes; the reverse occurred during warmer intervals at Upper Klamath Lake. Such climatic alternations apparently reflect the variable position and strength of the Aleutian Low during the mid-Wisconsin.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:JOPL.0000019232.74649.02","usgsCitation":"Bradbury, J., Colman, S.M., and Dean, W., 2004, Limnological and climatic environments at Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon during the past 45 000 years: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 31, no. 2, p. 167-188, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOPL.0000019232.74649.02.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"188","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.09930419921876,\n              42.20614200929954\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.70928955078126,\n              42.20614200929954\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.70928955078126,\n              42.64204079304426\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09930419921876,\n              42.64204079304426\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09930419921876,\n              42.20614200929954\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4799e4b0c8380cd678ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradbury, J.P.","contributorId":14431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013548,"text":"1013548 - 2004 - Using satellite radiotelemetry data to delineate and manage wildlife populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T15:35:42.029629","indexId":"1013548","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using satellite radiotelemetry data to delineate and manage wildlife populations","docAbstract":"<p>The greatest promise of radiotelemetry always has been a better understanding of animal movements. Telemetry has helped us know when animals are active, how active they are, how far and how fast they move, the geographic areas they occupy, and whether individuals vary in these traits. Unfortunately, the inability to estimate the error in animals utilization distributions (UDs), has prevented probabilistic linkage of movements data, which are always retrospective, with future management actions. We used the example of the harvested population of polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) in the Southern Beaufort Sea to illustrate a method that provides that linkage. We employed a 2-dimensional Gaussian kernel density estimator to smooth and scale frequencies of polar bear radio locations within cells of a grid overlying our study area. True 2-dimensional smoothing allowed us to create accurate descriptions of the UDs of individuals and groups of bears. We used a new method of clustering, based upon the relative use collared bears made of each cell in our grid, to assign individual animals to populations. We applied the fast Fourier transform to make bootstrapped estimates of the error in UDs computationally feasible. Clustering and kernel smoothing identified 3 populations of polar bears in the region between Wrangel Island, Russia, and Banks Island, Canada. The relative probability of occurrence of animals from each population varied significantly among grid cells distributed across the study area. We displayed occurrence probabilities as contour maps wherein each contour line corresponded with a change in relative probability. Only at the edges of our study area and in some offshore regions were bootstrapped estimates of error in occurrence probabilities too high to allow prediction. Error estimates, which also were displayed as contours, allowed us to show that occurrence probabilities did not vary by season. Near Barrow, Alaska, 50% of bears observed are predicted to be from the Chukchi Sea population and 50% from the Southern Beaufort Sea population. At Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories, Canada, 50% are from the Southern Beaufort Sea and 50% from the Northern Beaufort Sea population. The methods described here will aid managers of all wildlife that can be studied by telemetry to allocate harvests and other human perturbations to the appropriate populations, make risk assessments, and predict impacts of human activities. They will aid researchers by providing the refined descriptions of study populations that are necessary for population estimation and other investigative tasks.</p><p>Arctic, Beaufort Sea, boundaries, clustering, Fourier transform, kernel, management, polar bears, population delineation, radiotelemetry, satellite, smoothing, Ursus maritimus</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0661:USRDTD]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., McDonald, T.L., and Durner, G.M., 2004, Using satellite radiotelemetry data to delineate and manage wildlife populations: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 32, no. 3, p. 661-679, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0661:USRDTD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"661","endPage":"679","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Russia, United States","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -186.6796875,\n              59.40036514079251\n            ],\n            [\n              -128.232421875,\n              59.4897260355371\n            ],\n            [\n              -128.935546875,\n              73.30262420189155\n            ],\n            [\n              -183.427734375,\n              73.32785809840696\n            ],\n            [\n              -186.6796875,\n              59.40036514079251\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602e6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, T. L.","contributorId":101211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}