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,{"id":70027523,"text":"70027523 - 2004 - Drowning of the - 150 m reef off Hawaii: A casualty of global meltwater pulse 1A?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70027523","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drowning of the - 150 m reef off Hawaii: A casualty of global meltwater pulse 1A?","docAbstract":"We present evidence that the drowning of the - 150 m coral reef around Hawaii was caused by rapid sea-level rise associated with meltwater pulse 1A (MWP-1A) during the last deglaciation. New U/Th and 14C accelerator mass spectrometry dates, combined with reinterpretation of existing radiometric dates, constrain the age of the coral reef to 15.2-14.7 ka (U/Th age), indicating that reef growth persisted for 4.3 k.y. following the end of the Last Glacial Maximum at 19 ka. The drowning age of the reef is roughly synchronous with the onset of MWP-1A between 14.7 and 14.2 ka. Dates from coralline algal material range from 14 to 10 cal ka (calibrated radiocarbon age), 1-4 k.y. younger than the coral ages. A paleoenvironmental reconstruction incorporating all available radiometric dates, high-resolution bathymetry, dive observations, and coralgal paleobathymetry data indicates a dramatic rise in sea level around Hawaii ca. 14.7 ka. Paleowater depths over the reef crest increased rapidly above a critical depth (30-40 m), drowning the shallow reef-building Porites corals and causing a shift to deepwater coralline algal growth, preserved as a crust on the drowned reef crest. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G20170.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Webster, J., Clague, D., Riker-Coleman, K., Gallup, C., Braga, J., Potts, D., Moore, J., Winterer, E., and Paull, C.K., 2004, Drowning of the - 150 m reef off Hawaii: A casualty of global meltwater pulse 1A?: Geology, v. 32, no. 3, p. 249-252, https://doi.org/10.1130/G20170.1.","startPage":"249","endPage":"252","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211166,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G20170.1"},{"id":238377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0400e4b0c8380cd5072f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webster, J.M.","contributorId":29630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riker-Coleman, K.","contributorId":11824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riker-Coleman","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gallup, C.","contributorId":76933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallup","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Braga, J.C.","contributorId":31195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braga","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Potts, D.","contributorId":21759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potts","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moore, J.G.","contributorId":67496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Winterer, E.L.","contributorId":47009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winterer","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70027525,"text":"70027525 - 2004 - Geological and anthropogenic factors influencing mercury speciation in mine wastes: An EXAFS spectroscopy study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70027525","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geological and anthropogenic factors influencing mercury speciation in mine wastes: An EXAFS spectroscopy study","docAbstract":"The speciation of Hg is a critical determinant of its mobility, reactivity, and potential bioavailability in mine-impacted regions. Furthermore, Hg speciation in these complex natural systems is influenced by a number of physical, geological, and anthropogenic variables. In order to investigate the degree to which several of these variables may affect Hg speciation, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy was used to determine the Hg phases and relative proportions of these phases present in Hg-bearing wastes from selected mine-impacted regions in California and Nevada. The geological origin of Hg ore has a significant effect on Hg speciation in mine wastes. Specifically, samples collected from hot-spring Hg deposits were found to contain soluble Hg-chloride phases, while such phases were largely absent in samples from silica-carbonate Hg deposits; in both deposit types, however, Hg-sulfides in the form of cinnabar (HgS, hex.) and metacinnabar (HgS, cub.) dominate. Calcined wastes in which Hg ore was crushed and roasted in excess of 600??C, contain high proportions of metacinnabar while the main Hg-containing phase in unroasted waste rock samples from the same mines is cinnabar. The calcining process is thought to promote the reconstructive phase transformation of cinnabar to metacinnabar, which typically occurs at 345??C. The total Hg concentration in calcines is strongly correlated with particle size, with increases of nearly an order of magnitude in total Hg concentration between the 500-2000 ??m and <45 ??m size fractions (e.g., from 97-810 mg/kg Hg in calcines from the Sulphur Bank Mine, CA). The proportion of Hg-sulfides present also increased by 8-18% as particle size decreased over the same size range. This finding suggests that insoluble yet soft Hg-sulfides are subject to preferential mechanical weathering and become enriched in the fine-grained fraction, while soluble Hg phases are leached out more readily as particle size decreases. The speciation of Hg in mine wastes is similar to that in distributed sediments located downstream from the same waste piles, indicating that the transport of Hg from mine waste piles does not significantly impact Hg speciation. Hg LIII-EXAFS analysis of samples from Au mining regions, where elemental Hg(0) was introduced to aid in the Au recovery process, identified the presence of Hg-sulfides and schuetteite (Hg3O2SO4), which may have formed as a result of long-term Hg(0) burial in reducing high-sulfide sediments. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(03)00147-1","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Kim, C., Rytuba, J.J., and Brown, G.E., 2004, Geological and anthropogenic factors influencing mercury speciation in mine wastes: An EXAFS spectroscopy study: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, no. 3, p. 379-393, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(03)00147-1.","startPage":"379","endPage":"393","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211191,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(03)00147-1"},{"id":238417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2247e4b0c8380cd56ede","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, C.S.","contributorId":54365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rytuba, J. J.","contributorId":83082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Gordon E. Jr.","contributorId":10166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Gordon","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027526,"text":"70027526 - 2004 - Kinematic and dynamic rupture models of the November 3, 2002 Mw7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T13:30:15.936556","indexId":"70027526","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinematic and dynamic rupture models of the November 3, 2002 Mw7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake","docAbstract":"Regional seismic waveforms, continuous and campaign-mode GPS data, and surface slip measurements were used to obtain a kinematic model of the rupture process of the November 3, 2002 Mw 7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake. The event initiated as a Mw 7.0 reverse slip event on the north-dipping Susitna Glacier fault with subsequent right-lateral slip distributed over approximately 300 km of the Denali fault system. Near-shear rupture velocity is inferred from the kinematic modeling. The average and maximum slips were found to be 2.14 in and 10.3 m. Static stress drop varies from 1.3 to 5.0 MPa over the 5-segment fault model. Dynamic modeling shows the rupture propagated along the Susitna Glacier and Denali faults, then transferred to the Totschunda fault before stopping, largely due to the Totschunda's more favorable orientation with respect to the regional stress field.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003GL018333","usgsCitation":"Dreger, D.S., Oglesby, D., Harris, R., Ratchkovski, N., and Hansen, R., 2004, Kinematic and dynamic rupture models of the November 3, 2002 Mw7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, no. 4, L04605, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018333.","productDescription":"L04605, 4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487680,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl018333","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.039794921875,\n 62.917734015446655\n ],\n [\n -149.820556640625,\n 62.917734015446655\n ],\n [\n -149.820556640625,\n 63.49467021615008\n ],\n [\n -152.039794921875,\n 63.49467021615008\n ],\n [\n -152.039794921875,\n 62.917734015446655\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a409ce4b0c8380cd64ecd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dreger, Douglas S.","contributorId":17404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreger","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oglesby, D. D.","contributorId":23315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oglesby","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, R. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":13382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ratchkovski, N.","contributorId":89316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratchkovski","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hansen, R.","contributorId":56370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027527,"text":"70027527 - 2004 - Dispersal scaling from the world's rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-25T10:40:12","indexId":"70027527","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dispersal scaling from the world's rivers","docAbstract":"Although rivers provide important biogeochemical inputs to oceans, there are currently no descriptive or predictive relationships of the spatial scales of these river influences. Our combined satellite, laboratory, field and modeling results show that the coastal dispersal areas of small, mountainous rivers exhibit remarkable self-similar scaling relationships over many orders of magnitude. River plume areas scale with source drainage area to a power significantly less than one (average = 0.65), and this power relationship decreases significantly with distance offshore of the river mouth. Observations of plumes from large rivers reveal that this scaling continues over six orders of magnitude of river drainage basin areas. This suggests that the cumulative area of coastal influence for many of the smallest rivers of the world is greater than that of single rivers of equal watershed size. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003GL019114","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Warrick, J., and Fong, D., 2004, Dispersal scaling from the world's rivers: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019114.","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489940,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl019114","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292958,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019114"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a021de4b0c8380cd4febb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warrick, J.A.","contributorId":53503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fong, D.A.","contributorId":27624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fong","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027529,"text":"70027529 - 2004 - Use of naturally occurring mercury to determine the importance of cutthroat trout to Yellowstone grizzly bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-11T13:17:54","indexId":"70027529","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of naturally occurring mercury to determine the importance of cutthroat trout to Yellowstone grizzly bears","docAbstract":"Spawning cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki (Richardson, 1836)) are a potentially important food resource for grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. We developed a method to estimate the amount of cutthroat trout ingested by grizzly bears living in the Yellowstone Lake area. The method utilized (i) the relatively high, naturally occurring concentration of mercury in Yellowstone Lake cutthroat trout (508 ± 93 ppb) and its virtual absence in all other bear foods (![\"\"](\"http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/na101/home/literatum/publisher/nrc/journals/content/cjz/2004/cjz8203/z04-013/production/images/medium/ls.gif\")
6 ppb), (ii) hair snares to remotely collect hair from bears visiting spawning cutthroat trout streams between 1997 and 2000, (iii) DNA analyses to identify the individual and sex of grizzly bears leaving a hair sample, (iv) feeding trials with captive bears to develop relationships between fish and mercury intake and hair mercury concentrations, and (v) mercury analyses of hair collected from wild bears to estimate the amount of trout consumed by each bear. Male grizzly bears consumed an average of 5 times more trout/kg bear than did female grizzly bears. Estimated cutthroat trout intake per year by the grizzly bear population was only a small fraction of that estimated by previous investigators, and males consumed 92% of all trout ingested by grizzly bears.
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,{"id":70027530,"text":"70027530 - 2004 - Movement and population size of American shad near a low-head lock and dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70027530","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement and population size of American shad near a low-head lock and dam","docAbstract":"We investigated the population size and the proportion of the population of American shad Alosa sapidissima that passed through the New Savannah Bluff Lock and Dam, a low-head lock and dam on the Savannah River in South Carolina and Georgia. We fitted 110 American shad with radio transmitters in 2001 and 2002. All but two fish moved downstream after transmitter implantation. In 2001, a smaller proportion of American shad implanted with radio transmitters earlier in the season returned to the dam than fish released later. Of the fish that returned to the dam, over 50% in 2001 and 9% in 2002 passed through the lock and continued migrating upstream. In both years, the modal daily movement distance was less than 1 km. Movements greater than 5 km/d were generally associated with fish rapidly returning upstream after their initial downstream movement. Continuous diel monitoring indicated that movements greater than 0.1 km/h were more frequent at night than during the day. In both years, American shad were not uniformly distributed over the study area but were predominantly grouped just below the dam and in a relatively large pool approximately 6 km below the dam. We estimated the population size of American shad that reached the New Savannah Bluff Lock and Dam at 157,685 in 2001 and 217,077 in 2002.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/03-025","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Bailey, M., Isely, J.J., and Bridges, W., 2004, Movement and population size of American shad near a low-head lock and dam: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 133, no. 2, p. 300-308, https://doi.org/10.1577/03-025.","startPage":"300","endPage":"308","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211242,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/03-025"},{"id":238492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f13e4b0c8380cd70d5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, M.M.","contributorId":7494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bridges, W.C. Jr.","contributorId":62376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"W.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027532,"text":"70027532 - 2004 - Persistence of identifiable remains of white sturgeon juveniles in digestive tracts of northern pikeminnow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027532","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of identifiable remains of white sturgeon juveniles in digestive tracts of northern pikeminnow","docAbstract":"Juvenile white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, have not been commonly identified as prey items in digestive tracts of fishes collected in the wild. In particular, the diet of northern pikeminnow, Ptychocheilus oregonensis, an abundant Pacific Northwest freshwater predator which has been widely studied, has not included juvenile white sturgeon. To aid in interpreting these results and help in planning future feeding studies, we determined the persistence of identifiable remains of white sturgeon juveniles in this predator's digestive tract. Northern pikeminnow (mean total length = 476 mm), were force-fed meals of 2 or 3 juvenile white sturgeon (mean total length = 91 mm). After digestive periods of 4, 8, 16, 24, 28, and 32h at a water temperature of about 17 ??C, fish were sacrificed, digestive tracts removed, and contents examined. Our results indicate that juvenile white sturgeon would be readily discernable in digestive tracts of northern pikeminnow at least a day after feeding, with scutes remaining undigested and identifiable for 28 h.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"California Fish and Game","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00081078","usgsCitation":"Gadomski, D., and Frost, C., 2004, Persistence of identifiable remains of white sturgeon juveniles in digestive tracts of northern pikeminnow: California Fish and Game, v. 90, no. 2, p. 85-90.","startPage":"85","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76e8e4b0c8380cd7838f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gadomski, D.M.","contributorId":37101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gadomski","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frost, C.N.","contributorId":99324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027533,"text":"70027533 - 2004 - Strontium isotope geochemistry of groundwater in the central part of the Dakota (Great Plains) aquifer, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027533","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium isotope geochemistry of groundwater in the central part of the Dakota (Great Plains) aquifer, USA","docAbstract":"The Dakota aquifer of the central and eastern Great Plains of the United States is an important source of water for municipal supplies, irrigation and industrial use. Although the regional flow system can be characterized generally as east to northeasterly from the Rocky Mountains towards the Missouri River, locally the flow systems are hydrologically complex. This study uses Sr isotopic data from groundwater and leached aquifer samples to document the complex subsystems within the Dakota aquifer in Nebraska and Kansas. The interaction of groundwater with the geologic material through which it flows has created spatial patterns in the isotopic measurements that are related to: long-term water-rock interaction, during which varying degrees of isotopic equilibrium between water and rock has been achieved; and the alteration of NaCl fluids by water-rock interaction. Specifically, Sr isotopic data distinguish brines from Kansas and western Nebraska from those in eastern Nebraska: the former are interpreted to reflect interaction with Permian rocks, whereas the latter record interaction with Pennsylvanian rocks. The Sr isotopic composition of groundwater from other parts of Nebraska and Kansas are a function of the dynamic interaction between groundwater and unlithified sediments (e.g., glacial till and loess), followed by interaction with oxidized and unoxidized sediments within the Dakota Formation. This study illustrates the power of combining Sr chemistry with more conventional geochemical data to obtain a more complete understanding of groundwater flow systems within regional aquifer systems where extensive monitoring networks do not exist. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(03)00132-X","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Gosselin, D., Harvey, F., Frost, C., Stotler, R., and Macfarlane, P.A., 2004, Strontium isotope geochemistry of groundwater in the central part of the Dakota (Great Plains) aquifer, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, no. 3, p. 359-377, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(03)00132-X.","startPage":"359","endPage":"377","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210902,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(03)00132-X"},{"id":237982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9babe4b08c986b31d014","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gosselin, D.C.","contributorId":93237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gosselin","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, F.E.","contributorId":46161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frost, C.","contributorId":65278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stotler, R.","contributorId":73404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stotler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Macfarlane, P. A.","contributorId":14597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macfarlane","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027534,"text":"70027534 - 2004 - Bi-parentally inherited species-specific markers identify hybridization between rainbow trout and cutthroat trout subspecies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T15:40:35","indexId":"70027534","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2775,"text":"Molecular Ecology Notes","onlineIssn":"1471-8286","printIssn":"1471-8278","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bi-parentally inherited species-specific markers identify hybridization between rainbow trout and cutthroat trout subspecies","docAbstract":"Eight polymerase chain reaction primer sets amplifying bi-parentally inherited species-specific markers were developed that differentiate between rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and various cutthroat trout (O. clarki) subspecies. The primers were tested within known F1 and first generation hybrid backcrosses and were shown to amplify codominantly within hybrids. Heterozygous individuals also amplified a slower migrating band that was a heteroduplex, caused by the annealing of polymerase chain reaction products from both species. These primer sets have numerous advantages for native cutthroat trout conservation including statistical genetic analyses of known crosses and simple hybrid identification.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00554.x","issn":"14718278","usgsCitation":"Ostberg, C., and Rodriguez, R.J., 2004, Bi-parentally inherited species-specific markers identify hybridization between rainbow trout and cutthroat trout subspecies: Molecular Ecology Notes, v. 4, no. 1, p. 26-29, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00554.x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0d3e4b0c8380cd4a92c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ostberg, C.O.","contributorId":15361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostberg","given":"C.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, R. J.","contributorId":53107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027535,"text":"70027535 - 2004 - Evaluation of flushing of a high-selenium backwater channel in the Colorado River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027535","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1570,"text":"Environmental Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of flushing of a high-selenium backwater channel in the Colorado River","docAbstract":"Concern has been raised that selenium contamination may be adversely affecting endangered fish in the upper Colorado River basin. The objective of the study was to determine if operation of a water control structure (opened in December 1996) that allowed the Colorado River to flow through a channel area at Walter Walker State Wildlife Area (WWSWA) would reduce selenium and other inorganic elements in water, sediment, aquatic invertebrates, and forage fish. Endangered Colorado pikeminnow were collected and muscle plug samples taken for selenium analysis. Selenium concentrations in filtered water were 21.0 ??g/L in 1995, 23.5 ??g/L in 1996, 2.1 ??g/L in 1997, and 2.1 ??g/L in 1998. Selenium concentrations in sediment cores and sediment traps were 8.5 ??/g in 1995, 8.2 ??g/g in 1996, 4.8 ??g/g in 1997, and 1.1 ??g/g in 1998. Selenium concentrations in aquatic invertebrates were 27.4 ??g/g in 1996, 15.5 ??g/g in 1997, and 4.9 ??g/g in 1998. Selenium concentrations in forage fish were 27.2 ??g/g in 1996, 20.2 ??g/g in 1997, and 8.6 ??g/g in 1998. Selenium concentrations in muscle plugs of Colorado pikeminnow were 9.8 ??g/g in 1995, 9.5 ??g/g in 1996, 9.0 ??g/g in 1997, and 10.3 ??g/g in 1998. Although selenium concentrations in water, sediment, aquatic invertebrates, and forage fish decreased substantially after operation of the water control structure, a corresponding change in Colorado pikeminnow did not seem to occur. Selenium concentrations in muscle plugs decreased with increasing fish total length and weight, did not change between repeat sampling in the same year or recapture in subsequent years, and seemed to be most closely associated with the mean monthly river flow for the March-July period. ?? 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/tox.10151","issn":"15204081","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S.J., Holley, K., Buhl, K., Bullard, F., Weston, L., and McDonald, S., 2004, Evaluation of flushing of a high-selenium backwater channel in the Colorado River: Environmental Toxicology, v. 19, no. 1, p. 51-81, https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.10151.","startPage":"51","endPage":"81","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210929,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.10151"},{"id":238017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c75e4b0c8380cd52b65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, S. J.","contributorId":27817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holley, K.M.","contributorId":13405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holley","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buhl, K.J.","contributorId":19728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bullard, F.A.","contributorId":48746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullard","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weston, L.K.","contributorId":10211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weston","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McDonald, S.F.","contributorId":107481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70027537,"text":"70027537 - 2004 - The role of red alder in riparian forest structure along headwater streams in southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027537","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of red alder in riparian forest structure along headwater streams in southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"We assessed the influence of red alder on tree species composition, stand density, tree size distribution, tree mortality, and potential for producing large conifers, in 38-42 yr old riparian forests along 13 headwater streams in the Maybeso and Harris watersheds on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. Red alder ranged from 0 to 53% of the total live basal area of the stands. Tree density, basal area of live and dead trees, and mean diameter of live conifers were not significantly related to the percent of alder as a proportion of total stand live basal area within these riparian forests. The mean diameter of the 100 largest conifers per hectare (the largest trees) was similar among different sites and appeared unrelated to the amount of alder in the stands. The mean diameter of dead conifers increased slightly with increasing proportion of red alder. Most dead trees were small and died standing. Red alder was much more concentrated immediately along stream margins (within 0-1 m distance from the stream bank vs. > 1 m). The presence of red alder did not inhibit the production of large-diameter conifers, and both alder and conifers provided small woody debris for fishless headwater streams in southeastern Alaska. Red alder is an important structural component of young-growth riparian stands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Orlikowska, E., Deal, R., Hennon, P., and Wipfli, M., 2004, The role of red alder in riparian forest structure along headwater streams in southeastern Alaska: Northwest Science, v. 78, no. 2, p. 111-123.","startPage":"111","endPage":"123","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf92e4b08c986b3248c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orlikowska, E.H.","contributorId":42021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlikowska","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deal, R.L.","contributorId":51501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deal","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hennon, P.E.","contributorId":37951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hennon","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wipfli, M.S.","contributorId":51963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027539,"text":"70027539 - 2004 - Less waste corn, more land in soybeans, and the switch to genetically modified crops: Trends with important implications for wildlife management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-03T16:42:23.491873","indexId":"70027539","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Less waste corn, more land in soybeans, and the switch to genetically modified crops: Trends with important implications for wildlife management","docAbstract":"American agriculture has provided abundant high-energy foods for migratory and resident wildlife populations since the onset of modern wildlife management. Responding to anecdotal evidence that corn residues are declining in cropland, we remeasured waste corn post-harvest in the Central Platte River Valley (CPRV) of Nebraska during 1997 and 1998 to compare with 1978. Post-harvest waste corn averaged 2.6% and 1.8% of yield in 1997 and 1998, respectively. After accounting for a 20% increase in yield, waste corn in 1997 and 1998 was reduced 24% and 47% from 1978. We also evaluated use of soybeans by spring-staging sandhill cranes (Crus canadensis) and waterfowl during spring 1998 and 1999. Despite being widely available in the CPRV, soybeans did not occur in esophageal contents of sandhill cranes (n=174), northern pintails (Anas acuta, n=139), greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons, n=198), or lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens, n=208) collected with food in their esophagi. Lack of soybean consumption by cranes and waterfowl in Nebraska in early spring builds upon previously published findings, suggesting that soybeans are poorly suited for meeting nutrient needs of wildlife requiring a high-energy diet. Given evidence that high-energy food and numerous populations of seed-eating species found on farmland are declining, and the enormous potential risk to game and nongame wildlife populations if high-energy foods were to become scarce, a comprehensive research effort to study the problem appears warranted. Provisions under the Conservation Security subtitle of The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 offer a potential mechanism to encourage producers to manage cropland in ways that would replace part of the high-energy foods that have been lost to increasing efficiency of production agriculture.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[127:LWCMLI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G., Brandt, D., and Cox, R.R., 2004, Less waste corn, more land in soybeans, and the switch to genetically modified crops: Trends with important implications for wildlife management: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 32, no. 1, p. 127-136, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[127:LWCMLI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.1064453125,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -102.1728515625,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -101.9970703125,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -95.09765625,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 42.90816007196054\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 43.100982876188546\n ],\n [\n -104.1064453125,\n 40.91351257612758\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a464ae4b0c8380cd67601","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandt, D.A.","contributorId":67448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, R. R. Jr.","contributorId":57006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027554,"text":"70027554 - 2004 - Dissolved organic carbon and disinfection by-product precursor release from managed peat soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-01T17:48:31.075348","indexId":"70027554","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved organic carbon and disinfection by-product precursor release from managed peat soils","docAbstract":"A wetland restoration demonstration project examined the effects of a permanently flooded wetland on subsidence of peat soils. The project, started in 1997, was done on Twitchell Island, in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California. Conversion of agricultural land to a wetland has changed many of the biogeochemical processes controlling dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release from the peat soils, relative to the previous land use. Dissolved organic C in delta waters is a concern because it reacts with chlorine, added as a disinfectant in municipal drinking waters, to form carcinogenic disinfection byproducts (DBPs), including trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). This study explores the effects of peat soil biogeochemistry on DOC and DBP release under agricultural and wetland management. Results indicate that organic matter source, extent of soil organic matter decomposition, and decomposition pathways all are factors in THM formation. The results show that historical management practices dominate the release of DOC and THM precursors. However, within-site differences indicate that recent management decisions can contribute to changes in DOC quality and THM precursor formation. Not all aromatic forms of carbon are highly reactive and certain environmental conditions produce the specific carbon structures that form THMs. Both HAA and THM precursors are elevated in the DOC released under wetland conditions. The findings of this study emphasize the need to further investigate the roles of organic matter sources, microbial decomposition pathways, and decomposition status of soil organic matter in the release of DOC and DBP precursors from delta soils under varying land-use practices.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq2004.4650","usgsCitation":"Fleck, J., Bossio, D., and Fujii, R., 2004, Dissolved organic carbon and disinfection by-product precursor release from managed peat soils: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 33, no. 2, p. 465-475, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.4650.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"475","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Twitchell Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.69143676757811,\n 38.08377048360514\n ],\n [\n -121.56509399414061,\n 38.08377048360514\n ],\n [\n -121.56509399414061,\n 38.14751758025121\n ],\n [\n -121.69143676757811,\n 38.14751758025121\n ],\n [\n -121.69143676757811,\n 38.08377048360514\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0232e4b0c8380cd4ff33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleck, J.A. 0000-0002-3217-3972","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":35864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bossio, D.A.","contributorId":80897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bossio","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fujii, R.","contributorId":32278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027702,"text":"70027702 - 2004 - Multiple-Aquifer Characterization from Single Borehole Extensometer Records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70027702","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple-Aquifer Characterization from Single Borehole Extensometer Records","docAbstract":"Measurement and analysis of aquifer-system compaction have been used to characterize aquifer and confining unit properties when other techniques such as flow modeling have been ineffective at adequately quantifying storage properties or matching historical water levels in environments experiencing land subsidence. In the southeastern coastal plain of Virginia, high-sensitivity borehole pipe extensometers were used to measure 24.2 mm of total compaction at Franklin from 1979 through 1995 (1.5 mm/year) and 50.2 mm of total compaction at Suffolk from 1982 through 1995 (3.7 mm/year). Analysis of the extensometer data reveals that the small rates of aquifer-system compaction appear to be correlated with withdrawals of water from confined aquifers. One-dimensional vertical compaction modeling indicates measured compaction is the result of nonrecoverable hydrodynamic consolidation of the fine-grained confining units and interbeds, as well as recoverable compaction and expansion of coarse-grained aquifer units. The calibrated modeling results indicate that nonrecoverable specific storage values decrease with depth and range from 1.5 x 10-5/m for aquifer units to 1.5 x 10-4/m for confining units and interbeds. The aquifer and Potomac system recoverable specific storage values were all estimated to be 4.5 x 10-6/m, while the confining units and interbeds had values of 6.0 x 10-6/m. The calibrated vertical hydraulic conductivity values of the confining units and interbeds ranged from 6.6 x 10-4 m/year to 2.0 x 10-3 m/year. These parameter values will be useful in future management and modeling of ground water in the Virginia Coastal Plain.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02449.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Pope, J., and Burbey, T., 2004, Multiple-Aquifer Characterization from Single Borehole Extensometer Records: Ground Water, v. 42, no. 1, p. 45-58, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02449.x.","startPage":"45","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211143,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02449.x"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6086e4b0c8380cd714fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, J.P.","contributorId":25352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burbey, T. J.","contributorId":97131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burbey","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027555,"text":"70027555 - 2004 - Surface deformations as indicators of deep ebullition fluxes in a large northern peatland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T15:56:35.595203","indexId":"70027555","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface deformations as indicators of deep ebullition fluxes in a large northern peatland","docAbstract":"Peatlands deform elastically during precipitation cycles by small (±3 cm) oscillations in surface elevation. In contrast, we used a Global Positioning System network to measure larger oscillations that exceeded 20 cm over periods of 4-12 hours during two seasonal droughts at a bog and fen site in northern Minnesota. The second summer drought also triggered 19 depressuring cycles in an overpressured stratum under the bog site. The synchronicity between the largest surface deformations and the depressuring cycles indicates that both phenomena are produced by the episodic release of large volumes of gas from deep semi-elastic compartments confined by dense wood layers. We calculate that the three largest surface deformations were associated with the release of 136 g CH4 m-2, which exceeds by an order of magnitude the annual average chamber fluxes measured at this site. Ebullition of gas from the deep peat may therefore be a large and previously unrecognized source of radiocarbon depleted methane emissions from northern peatlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003GB002069","usgsCitation":"Glaser, P., Chanton, J., Morin, P., Rosenberry, D., Siegel, D.I., Ruud, O., Chasar, L., and Reeve, A., 2004, Surface deformations as indicators of deep ebullition fluxes in a large northern peatland: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 18, no. 1, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002069.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489973,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002069","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.64697265625,\n 47.79101617826261\n ],\n [\n -93.768310546875,\n 47.79101617826261\n ],\n [\n -93.878173828125,\n 48.61112192003074\n ],\n [\n -94.603271484375,\n 48.71271258145237\n ],\n [\n -94.82299804687499,\n 48.96579381461063\n ],\n [\n -95.64697265625,\n 48.97300592158682\n ],\n [\n -95.64697265625,\n 47.79101617826261\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9fa2e4b08c986b31e728","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glaser, P.H.","contributorId":13791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glaser","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chanton, J. P.","contributorId":7429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chanton","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morin, Peter","contributorId":107091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":414134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Siegel, D. I.","contributorId":77562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ruud, O.","contributorId":7491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruud","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chasar, L.I.","contributorId":7076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chasar","given":"L.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reeve, A.S.","contributorId":64446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeve","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70027701,"text":"70027701 - 2004 - Geochemical discrimination of five pleistocene lava-dam outburst-flood deposits, western Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-08T15:34:29.906533","indexId":"70027701","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical discrimination of five pleistocene lava-dam outburst-flood deposits, western Grand Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"Pleistocene basaltic lava dams and outburst‐flood deposits in the western Grand Canyon, Arizona, have been correlated by means of cosmogenic 3He (3Hec) ages and concentrations of SiO2, Na2O, K2O, and rare earth elements. These data indicate that basalt clasts and vitroclasts in a given outburst‐flood deposit came from a common source, a lava dam. With these data, it is possible to distinguish individual dam‐flood events and improve our understanding of the interrelations of volcanism and river processes. At least five lava dams on the Colorado River failed catastrophically between 100 and 525 ka; subsequent outburst floods emplaced basalt‐rich deposits preserved on benches as high as 200 m above the current river and up to 53 km downstream of dam sites. Chemical data also distinguishes individual lava flows that were collectively mapped in the past as large long‐lasting dam complexes. These chemical data, in combination with age constraints, increase our ability to correlate lava dams and outburst‐flood deposits and increase our understanding of the longevity of lava dams. Bases of correlated lava dams and flood deposits approximate the elevation of the ancestral river during each flood event. Water surface profiles are reconstructed and can be used in future hydraulic models to estimate the magnitude of these large‐scale floods.
","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/379694","usgsCitation":"Fenton, C., Poreda, R., Nash, B., Webb, R.H., and Cerling, T., 2004, Geochemical discrimination of five pleistocene lava-dam outburst-flood deposits, western Grand Canyon, Arizona: Journal of Geology, v. 112, no. 1, p. 91-110, https://doi.org/10.1086/379694.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"110","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.686767578125,\n 35.871246850027966\n ],\n [\n -111.588134765625,\n 35.871246850027966\n ],\n [\n -111.588134765625,\n 36.465471886798134\n ],\n [\n -112.686767578125,\n 36.465471886798134\n ],\n [\n -112.686767578125,\n 35.871246850027966\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"112","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1622e4b0c8380cd55065","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenton, C.R.","contributorId":53155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenton","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poreda, R.J.","contributorId":97138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poreda","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nash, B.P.","contributorId":35115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webb, R. H.","contributorId":13648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cerling, T.E.","contributorId":85720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerling","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":2000065,"text":"2000065 - 2004 - Comparison of catch and lake trout bycatch in commercial trap nets and gill nets targeting lake whitefish in northern Lake Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T11:35:07","indexId":"2000065","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":27,"text":"Fisheries Research Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2071","title":"Comparison of catch and lake trout bycatch in commercial trap nets and gill nets targeting lake whitefish in northern Lake Huron","docAbstract":"We compared seasonal lake whitefish catch rates, lake trout bycatch, and gearinduced lake trout mortality between commercial trap nets and gill nets in north-central Lake Huron. Onboard monitors recorded catches from 260 gill net and 96 trap net lifts from October 1998 through December 1999. Catch rates for lake whitefish were highest in fall for both gear types, reflecting proximity of spawning sites to the study area. Lake whitefish catch rates were also relatively high in spring but low in both gear types in summer. Lake trout were the principal bycatch species in both gears. The lake trout bycatch was lowest in both gear types in fall, highest in gill nets in spring, and highest in trap nets in summer. The ratio of lake trout to legal whitefish (the target species) was highest in summer and lowest in fall in both gear types. The high lake trout ratio in summer was due principally to low catch rates of lake whitefish. All but 3 of 186 live lake trout removed from trap net pots survived for at least two days of observation in laboratory tanks. Therefore, we estimated that post-release survival of trap netted lake trout that had not been entangled in the mesh was 98.4%. In addition, we accounted for stress-induced mortality for lake trout that were live at capture but entangled in the mesh of either gear type. Resulting estimates of lake trout survival were higher in trap nets (87.8%) than in gill nets (39.6%). The number of lake trout killed per lift was highest during summer in trap nets and during spring in gill nets. In trap nets, 85% of dead lake trout were observed to be entangled in the mesh of the pot or tunnels. Survival rates of lake trout in gill nets were higher in our study than reported by others, probably because our nets were hand lifted in a small boat. Our trap net-induced mortality estimates on lake trout were higher than those reported by others because we adjusted our estimates to account for post-release mortality caused by handling and injury. Studies such as ours should prove useful to managers developing harvest allocation options that are consistent with the need to protect nontarget populations. For example, applying our seasonal lake trout-whitefish catch ratios to a hypothetical small-boat gill net fishery, the lake trout bycatch from harvest of 100,000 kg of whitefish would equal the estimated lake trout production available for harvest in the study area for year 2002. The two trap net fisheries may have incidentally killed half this number of lake trout annually from 1995-99. Bycatch estimates are also important inputs to catch-at-age decision models used in developing rehabilitation and harvest strategies for target and bycatch species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.E., Ebener, M.P., Gebhardt, K., and Bergstedt, R., 2004, Comparison of catch and lake trout bycatch in commercial trap nets and gill nets targeting lake whitefish in northern Lake Huron: Fisheries Research Report 2071, 25 p.","productDescription":"25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611f7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, James E.","contributorId":45668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebener, Mark P.","contributorId":25099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebener","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12957,"text":"Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":325038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gebhardt, Kenneth","contributorId":6967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebhardt","given":"Kenneth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger","contributorId":7803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":2002304,"text":"2002304 - 2004 - Prefire risk assessment and fuels mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:00","indexId":"2002304","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Prefire risk assessment and fuels mapping","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","usgsCitation":"van Wagtendonk, J., Zhu, Z., and Lile, E., 2004, Prefire risk assessment and fuels mapping, p. 49-52.","productDescription":"p. 49-52","startPage":"49","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d5e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhu, Z.","contributorId":10898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lile, E.L.","contributorId":68431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lile","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":57981,"text":"ofr20041306 - 2004 - Quality assurance report - Loch Vale watershed, 1999-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T20:26:56.802384","indexId":"ofr20041306","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1306","title":"Quality assurance report - Loch Vale watershed, 1999-2002","docAbstract":"The National Park Service initiated the Loch Vale Watershed (LVWS) project in 1980 with funding from the Aquatic Effects Research Program of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program. Long-term ecological research and monitoring address watershed-scale ecosystem processes, particularly as they respond to atmospheric deposition and climate variability. Monitoring of meteorological, hydrologic, precipitation chemistry, and surface water quality parameters enable us to use long-term trends to distinguish natural from human-caused disturbances. Research into snow distribution, hydrologic flowpaths, vegetation responses to N deposition, isotopic transformations of N by forest and soil processes, trace metals, and aquatic ecological responses to disturbance enable us to understand processes that influence high elevation ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041306","collaboration":"In collaboration with Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Botte, J.A., and Baron, J., 2004, Quality assurance report - Loch Vale watershed, 1999-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1306, iii, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041306.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185199,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041306.PNG"},{"id":406883,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_69659.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":320292,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1306/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Loch Vale watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.6378,\n 40.2828\n ],\n [\n -105.8464,\n 40.2828\n ],\n [\n -105.8464,\n 40.3089\n ],\n [\n -105.6378,\n 40.3089\n ],\n [\n -105.6378,\n 40.2828\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a73e4b07f02db643d2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Botte, Jorin A.","contributorId":106571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botte","given":"Jorin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015158,"text":"1015158 - 2004 - Predicting the thermal effects of dam removal on the Klamath River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-30T20:03:47","indexId":"1015158","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting the thermal effects of dam removal on the Klamath River","docAbstract":"The Klamath River once supported large runs of anadromous salmonids. Water temperature associated with multiple mainstem hydropower facilities might be one of many factors responsible for depressing Klamath salmon stocks. We combined a water quantity model and a water quality model to predict how removing the series of dams below Upper Klamath Lake might affect water temperatures, and ultimately fish survival, in the spawning and rearing portions of the mainstem Klamath. We calibrated the water quantity and quality models and applied them for the hydrometeorological conditions during a 40-year postdam period. Then, we hypothetically removed the dams and their impoundments from the models and reestimated the river’s water temperatures. The principal thermal effect of dam and reservoir removal would be to restore the timing (phase) of the river’s seasonal thermal signature by shifting it approximately 18 days earlier in the year, resulting in river temperatures that more rapidly track ambient air temperatures. Such a shift would likely cool thermal habitat conditions for adult fall chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during upstream migration and benefit mainstem spawning. By contrast, spring and early summer temperatures could be warmer without dams, potentially harming chinook rearing and outmigration in the mainstem. Dam removal might affect the river’s thermal regime during certain conditions for over 200 km of the mainstem.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-004-0269-5","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J., Campbell, S., and Flug, M., 2004, Predicting the thermal effects of dam removal on the Klamath River: Environmental Management, v. 34, no. 6, p. 856-874, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0269-5.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"856","endPage":"874","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e80a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, J.M.","contributorId":54530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, S.G.","contributorId":37694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flug, M.","contributorId":57419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flug","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":72273,"text":"fs20043144 - 2004 - Fort Collins Science Center: Policy Analysis and Science Assistance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T15:05:58","indexId":"fs20043144","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3144","title":"Fort Collins Science Center: Policy Analysis and Science Assistance","docAbstract":"Most resource management decisions involve the integrated use of biological, sociological, and economic information. Combining this information provides a more comprehensive basis for making effective land management and conservation decisions. Toward this end, scientists in the Policy Analysis and Science Assistance Branch (PASA) of the Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) contribute expert knowledge for natural resources management by conducting biological, social, economic, and institutional analyses of conservation policies and management practices.
\nPASA's mission is to integrate biological, social, and economic research so that resource managers can use the resulting information to make informed decisions and resolve resource management conflicts. PASA scientists pursue and conduct scientific analyses that help agencies and Native American tribes to (1) identify impending policy controversies and areas where social and natural science research is needed to address future policy questions; (2) develop methods and approaches to assist researchers in preparing scientific evidence; (3) assess habitat alteration in a manner consistent with policy needs; and (4) evaluate policy options. Branch scientists also evaluate policy options (e.g., effects of different land treatments, fish and wildlife management practices, or visitor/recreation management practices) in response to specific questions faced by policymakers and managers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20043144","usgsCitation":"Lamb, B., 2004, Fort Collins Science Center: Policy Analysis and Science Assistance: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3144, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043144.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125063,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3144.jpg"},{"id":320284,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3144/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4779e4b07f02db47f3fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamb, Berton L.","contributorId":24009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Berton L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1015160,"text":"1015160 - 2004 - Multi-scale and nested-intensity sampling techniques for archaeological survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T15:59:32","indexId":"1015160","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2283,"text":"Journal of Field Archaeology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-scale and nested-intensity sampling techniques for archaeological survey","docAbstract":"This paper discusses sampling techniques for archaeological survey that are directed toward evaluating the properties of surface artifact distributions. The sampling techniques we experimented with consist of a multi-scale sampling plot developed in plant ecology and the use of a nested-intensity survey design. We present results from the initial application of these methods. The sampling technique we borrowed from plant ecology is the Modified-Whittaker multiscale sampling plot, which gathers observations at the spatial scales of 1 sq m, 10 sq m, 100 sq m, and 1000 sq m. Nested-intensity surveys gather observations on the same sample units at multiple resolutions. We compare the results of a closely-spaced walking survey, a crawling survey, and a test excavation to a depth of 10 cm. These techniques were applied to ten 20 × 50 m survey plots distributed over an area of 418 ha near the Hudson-Meng Bison Bonebed in NW Nebraska. These approaches can significantly improve the accuracy of survey data. Our results show that high-resolution coverage techniques overlook more material than archaeologists have suspected. The combined approaches of multi-scale and nested-intensity sampling provide new tools to improve our ability to investigate the properties of surface records.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1179/jfa.2004.29.3-4.409","usgsCitation":"Burger, O., Todd, L., Burnett, P., Stohlgren, T., and Stephens, D., 2004, Multi-scale and nested-intensity sampling techniques for archaeological survey: Journal of Field Archaeology, v. 29, no. 3-4, p. 409-423, https://doi.org/10.1179/jfa.2004.29.3-4.409.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"423","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698beb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burger, O.","contributorId":42926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Todd, L.C.","contributorId":56610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burnett, P.","contributorId":9215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnett","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stephens, D.","contributorId":55787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1015161,"text":"1015161 - 2004 - Sensitivity to acidification of subalpine ponds and lakes in north-western Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:24:28","indexId":"1015161","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity to acidification of subalpine ponds and lakes in north-western Colorado","docAbstract":"Although acidifying deposition in western North America is lower than in many parts of the world, many high-elevation ecosystems there are extremely sensitive to acidification. Previous studies determined that the Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area (MZWA) has the most acidic snowpack and aquatic ecosystems that are among the most sensitive in the region. In this study, spatial and temporal variability of ponds and lakes in and near the MZWA were examined to determine their sensitivity to acidification and the effects of acidic deposition during and after snowmelt. Within the areas identified as sensitive to acidification based on bedrock types, there was substantial variability in acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC), which was related to differences in hydrological flowpaths that control delivery of weathering products to surface waters. Geological and topographic maps were of limited use in predicting acid sensitivity because their spatial resolution was not fine enough to capture the variability of these attributes for lakes and ponds with small catchment areas. Many of the lakes are sensitive to acidification (summer and autumn ANC < 100 µeq L−1), but none of them appeared to be threatened immediately by episodic or chronic acidification. In contrast, 22 ponds had minimum ANC < 30 µeq L−1, indicating that they are extremely sensitive to acidic deposition and could be damaged by episodic acidification, although net acidity (ANC < 0) was not measured in any of the ponds during the study. The lowest measured pH value was 5·4, and pH generally remained less than 6·0 throughout early summer in the most sensitive ponds, indicating that biological effects of acidification are possible at levels of atmospheric deposition that occurred during the study. The aquatic chemistry of lakes was dominated by atmospheric deposition and biogeochemical processes in soils and shallow ground water, whereas the aquatic chemistry of ponds was also affected by organic acids and biogeochemical processes in the water column and at the sediment–water interface. These results indicate that conceptual and mechanistic acidification models that have been developed for lakes and streams may be inadequate for predicting acidification in less-understood systems such as ponds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1496","usgsCitation":"Campbell, K., Muths, E., Turk, J., and Corn, P., 2004, Sensitivity to acidification of subalpine ponds and lakes in north-western Colorado: Hydrological Processes, v. 18, no. 15, p. 2817-2834, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1496.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2817","endPage":"2834","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f78b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":322372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turk, J.T.","contributorId":94259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corn, P.S.","contributorId":63751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":57983,"text":"ofr20041281 - 2004 - Colorado Canyons National Conservation Area 2003 visitor use survey: Completion report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T11:11:08","indexId":"ofr20041281","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1281","title":"Colorado Canyons National Conservation Area 2003 visitor use survey: Completion report","docAbstract":"This report represents the analysis of research conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The purpose is to provide socio-economic and recreational use information that can be used in the development of a Resource Management Plan (RMP) for the Colorado Canyons National Conservation Area (CCNCA). The results reported here deal primarily with recreation-based activities in four areas: Kokopelli Loops, Rabbit Valley, Loma Boat Launch, and Devil’s Canyon.
\nIn the fall of 2002, researchers from the Policy Analysis and Science Assistance Program (PASA) of the Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) in the USGS met with the staff of the CCNCA to discuss the issues related to social, economic, and human dimensions of natural resource management related to the RMP. As a result, a research study was designed to investigate the recreational experiences of visitors and their attitudes toward the management of the conservation area.
\nIn the spring of 2003, PASA conducted an intercept survey of recreational users at the CCNCA and a mail survey of local residents who were actively involved in decision-making regarding recreation on public lands in Mesa County, Colorado. Two hundred and three (203) mail surveys (66%) were returned and all of them were completed in full and considered usable. The intercept survey had a response rate with a range from 56%–64% among the four sites that were surveyed. We developed a questionnaire (OMB Control Number: 1040-0001) to answer the following questions:
\n\n- What are the important differences in citizens’ attitudes regarding recreation at the CCNCA?
\n- What are the factors that explain the differences in attitudes and preferences regarding recreation management of the NCA?
\n- What are citizens’ attitudes and preferences regarding their attitudes about paying a fee to visit the CCNCA?
\n
\nIn general, respondents at all sites reported having an excellent or good recreation experience and almost all indicated that they intended to return. The results from the intercept survey indicated that across four sites 1(Kokopelli Loops, Devil’s Canyon, Loma Boat Launch, and Rabbit Valley) respondents reported support for undeveloped use and recreation restrictions to limit resource impacts. Respondents indicated that managing sites for undeveloped use was a good idea.
\nThe respondents from the mail survey generally had a positive orientation toward current management practices of the CCNCA. According to our surveys, non-motorized trail related activities were among the three most popular activities people engaged in both close to home and while away. These trail-based recreational activities included walking, running, mountain bike riding, and horseback riding. Research has shown that people participate in these activities for many reasons including learning about nature, exercising, to learning about paleontology, escaping for awhile, and socializing with family and friends (Taylor, 2000). National data indicate that larger percentages of the general American population engage in trail activities than in many other traditional outdoor activities (Cordell, 1999). Over 65% of people in the U.S. engage in walking as a recreational activity (Figure 1). We found that people wanted to experience the outdoors and the CCNCA provided a good place to do it.
\nTrail activities are often those that people participate in on a regular basis as a way to exercise. This can make trail related activities more attractive from a management standpoint because people who participate in an activity may be more likely to be repeat visitors.
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