The Ad Duwayhi gold deposit, located in the east-central part of the Arabian shield, is the newest gold discovery in Saudi Arabia. Exploration to date has identified a gold resource of greater than 1 million ounces (oz) with significant potential for expansion. Gold mineralization was closely associated, in time and space, with emplacement of a late- to postorogenic, intracrustal, northwest-oriented granite body (659 ± 7 Ma) and comagmatic square quartz porphyry (646 ± 11 Ma), a hypabyssal and perhaps younger phase of the granite.
\nMineralization was largely confined to northeast-striking, southeast-dipping fault zones. Hydrothermal alteration consisted of early biotitic alteration overprinted by sericitic alteration. Sericitic alteration was coincident with gold mineralization and produced a quartz-sericite-carbonate-pyrite-rutile mineral assemblage, found both as vein fill and wall-rock alteration products. Mineralization styles, in the following general paragenetic sequence, include (1) quartz-molybdenite veins in and near the granite stock, (2) low-grade gold-bearing quartz vein breccia in and along the margins of the granite stock, (3) gold-bearing stockwork and sheeted quartz veins, and (4) massive to banded gold-rich tabular quartz veins. The gold-bearing stockwork, sheeted, and tabular veins are generally spatially associated with square quartz porphyry dikes and more distal to the granite stock. Mineralized zones at Ad Duwayhi are characterized by low sulfide and base metal content and gold/silver ratios of approximately 6/1. Gold shows no significant correlation with other metals, except lead, and moderate correlation with silver.
\nRe-Os dating of molybdenite from a quartz-molybdenite vein and a tabular quartz vein with cogenetic gold produced robust ages of 655.6 ± 2.7 and 649.9 ± 2.3 Ma, respectively, documenting that gold mineralization and crystallization of granite and square quartz porphyry were, within uncertainty, coeval events. This age correlation combined with granite textural features, the presence of unidirectional solidification textures in granite and square quartz porphyry, and the nature and time-space distribution of mineralization styles, all indicate that mineralization evolved in and near the interface between a crystallizing magma and the surrounding rocks and, thus, is consistent with an intrusion-related genesis.
\nIn light of our findings at Ad Duwayhi, a reassessment of similar intrusion-hosted deposits in the Arabian shield is warranted, and areas of late- to postorogenic plutonism, particularly in the Afif composite terrane, should be considered prospective for intrusion-related gold systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Economic Geology Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Lancaster, PA","doi":"10.2113/99.4.713","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Doebrich, J.L., Zahony, S., Leavitt, J., Portacio, J., Siddiqui, A., Wooden, J., Fleck, R.J., and Stein, H., 2004, Ad Duwayhi, Saudi Arabia: Geology and geochronology of a neoproterozoic intrusion-related gold system in the Arabian shield: Economic Geology, v. 99, no. 4, p. 713-741, https://doi.org/10.2113/99.4.713.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"741","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234489,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 42,\n 20\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 23\n ],\n [\n 46,\n 23\n ],\n [\n 46,\n 20\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 20\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"99","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6dfe4b0c8380cd476b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doebrich, Jeff L. 0009-0009-3427-0985 jdoebric@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3427-0985","contributorId":288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doebrich","given":"Jeff","email":"jdoebric@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zahony, S.G.","contributorId":31951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zahony","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leavitt, J.D.","contributorId":14163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavitt","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Portacio, J.S. Jr.","contributorId":67264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Portacio","given":"J.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Siddiqui, A.A.","contributorId":89694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siddiqui","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":32209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 fleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-8249","contributorId":1048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert","email":"fleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stein, Holly J.","contributorId":46959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Holly J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70026631,"text":"70026631 - 2004 - Using larval trematodes that parasitize snails to evaluate a saltmarsh restoration project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-27T13:26:30","indexId":"70026631","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using larval trematodes that parasitize snails to evaluate a saltmarsh restoration project","docAbstract":"We conducted a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) study using larval digeneans infecting the California horn snail, Cerithidea californica, to evaluate the success of an ecological restoration project at Carpinteria Salt Marsh in California, USA. Digenean trematodes are parasites with complex life cycles requiring birds and other vertebrates as final hosts. We tested two hypotheses for prevalence and species richness of larval trematodes in C. californica: (1) prior to the restoration, sites to be restored would have lower trematode prevalence and species richness relative to unimpacted control sites, and (2) that these differences would diminish after restoration. The sites to be restored were initially degraded for trematode species. They had a mean trematode prevalence (12%) and species richness (4.5 species) that were lower than control sites (28% trematode prevalence and 7 species). Despite the differences in prevalence, the proportional representation of each trematode species in the total community was similar between sites to be restored and control sites. Over the six years following restoration, trematode prevalence nearly quadrupled at restored sites (43%) while the prevalence at control sites (26%) remained unchanged. In addition, species richness at restored sites doubled (9 species), while species richness at the control sites (7.8 species) did not change. Immediately after restoration, the relative abundance of trematode species using fishes as second intermediate hosts declined while those using molluscs as second intermediate hosts increased. Trematode communities at restored and control sites gradually returned to being similar. We interpret the increase in trematode prevalence and species richness at restored sites to be a direct consequence of changes in bird use of the restored habitat. This study demonstrates a new comparative technique for assessing wetlands, and while it does not supplant biotic surveys, it informs such taxonomic lists. Most importantly, it provides a synthetic quantification of the linkages among species in wetland food webs.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/01-5346","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Huspeni, T.C., and Lafferty, K.D., 2004, Using larval trematodes that parasitize snails to evaluate a saltmarsh restoration project: Ecological Applications, v. 14, no. 3, p. 795-804, https://doi.org/10.1890/01-5346.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"795","endPage":"804","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc064e4b08c986b32a0d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huspeni, Todd C.","contributorId":174948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huspeni","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026630,"text":"70026630 - 2004 - Measurement of clay surface areas by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) sorption and its use for quantifying illite and smectite abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-27T18:35:43","indexId":"70026630","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of clay surface areas by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) sorption and its use for quantifying illite and smectite abundance","docAbstract":"A new method has been developed for quantifying smectite abundance by sorbing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on smectite particles dispersed in aqueous solution. The sorption density of PVP-55K on a wide range of smectites, illites and kaolinites is ~0.99 mg/m2, which corresponds to ~0.72 g of PVP-55K per gram of montmorillonite. Polyvinylpyrrolidone sorption on smectites is independent of layer charge and solution pH. PVP sorption on SiO2, Fe2O3 and ZnO normalized to the BET surface area is similar to the sorption densities on smectites. γ-Al2O3, amorphous Al(OH)3 and gibbsite have no PVP sorption over a wide range of pH, and sorption of PVP by organics is minimal. The insensitivity of PVP sorption densities to mineral layer charge, solution pH and mineral surface charge indicates that PVP sorption is not localized at charged sites, but is controlled by more broadly distributed sorption mechanisms such as Van der Waals’ interactions and/or hydrogen bonding. Smectites have very large surface areas when dispersed as single unit-cell-thick particles (~725 m2/g) and usually dominate the total surface areas of natural samples in which smectites are present. In this case, smectite abundance is directly proportional to PVP sorption. In some cases, however, the accurate quantification of smectite abundance by PVP sorption may require minor corrections for PVP uptake by other phases, principally illite and kaolinite. Quantitative XRD can be combined with PVP uptake measurements to uniquely determine the smectite concentration in such samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520505","usgsCitation":"Blum, A., and Eberl, D.D., 2004, Measurement of clay surface areas by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) sorption and its use for quantifying illite and smectite abundance: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 52, no. 5, p. 589-602, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520505.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"589","endPage":"602","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a52f8e4b0c8380cd6c7bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blum, A.E.","contributorId":100514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026629,"text":"70026629 - 2004 - Estimation of runoff and sediment yield in the Redrock Creek watershed using AnnAGNPS and GIS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026629","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2267,"text":"Journal of Environmental Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of runoff and sediment yield in the Redrock Creek watershed using AnnAGNPS and GIS","docAbstract":"Sediment has been identified as a significant threat to water quality and channel clogging that in turn may lead to river flooding. With the increasing awareness of the impairment from sediment to water bodies in a watershed, identifying the locations of the major sediment sources and reducing the sediment through management practices will be important for an effective watershed management. The annualized agricultural non-point source pollution (AnnAGNPS) model and newly developed GIS interface for it were applied in a small agricultural watershed, Redrock Creek watershed, Kansas, in this pilot study for exploring the effectiveness of using this model as a management tool. The calibrated model appropriately simulated monthly runoff and sediment yield through the practices in this study and potentially suggested the ways of sediment reduction through evaluating the changes of land use and field operation in the model for the purpose of watershed management.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10010742","usgsCitation":"Tsou, M., and Zhan, X., 2004, Estimation of runoff and sediment yield in the Redrock Creek watershed using AnnAGNPS and GIS: Journal of Environmental Sciences, v. 16, no. 5, p. 865-867.","startPage":"865","endPage":"867","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ba7e4b0c8380cd52803","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsou, Ming-shu","contributorId":20507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsou","given":"Ming-shu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhan, X.-Y.","contributorId":99746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhan","given":"X.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026628,"text":"70026628 - 2004 - Encounter history modeling of joint mark-recapture, tag-resighting and tag-recovery data under temporary emigration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026628","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3473,"text":"Statistica Sinica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Encounter history modeling of joint mark-recapture, tag-resighting and tag-recovery data under temporary emigration","docAbstract":"We describe a joint analysis of mark-recapture, tag-resight and tag-recovery data that directly models the encounter history of an animal. The probability of the encounter history for each animal is partitioned into survival, recapture, resighting, and recovery components, and a component for the probability that the animal is never encountered again. Temporary migration enters into the likelihood through the recapture component, and movement of marked animals in and out of the area where they are subject to capture is modeled using a Markov chain. Random temporary emigration and permanent emigration are special cases. An important feature of directly modeling the encounter histories is that covariates that are specific to individuals can be included in the analysis. The model is applied to a brown trout tagging data set and provides strong evidence of Markovian temporary emigration. The new model is needed to provide correct estimates of trout survival probabilities which are shown to depend on the length of the fish at first capture.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Statistica Sinica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10170405","usgsCitation":"Barker, R.J., Burnham, K., and White, G.C., 2004, Encounter history modeling of joint mark-recapture, tag-resighting and tag-recovery data under temporary emigration: Statistica Sinica, v. 14, no. 4, p. 1037-1055.","startPage":"1037","endPage":"1055","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a091be4b0c8380cd51df5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, R. J.","contributorId":34222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026626,"text":"70026626 - 2004 - Wrightwood and the earthquake cycle: What a long recurrence record tells us about how faults work","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T15:22:54.971717","indexId":"70026626","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1728,"text":"GSA Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wrightwood and the earthquake cycle: What a long recurrence record tells us about how faults work","docAbstract":"The concept of the earthquake cycle is so well established that one often hears statements in the popular media like, \"the Big One is overdue\" and \"the longer it waits, the bigger it will be.\" Surprisingly, data to critically test the variability in recurrence intervals, rupture displacements, and relationships between the two are almost nonexistent. To generate a long series of earthquake intervals and offsets, we have conducted paleoseismic investigations across the San Andreas fault near the town of Wrightwood, California, excavating 45 trenches over 18 years, and can now provide some answers to basic questions about recurrence behavior of large earthquakes. To date, we have characterized at least 30 prehistoric earthquakes in a 6000-yr-long record, complete for the past 1500 yr and for the interval 3000-1500 B.C. For the past 1500 yr, the mean recurrence interval is 105 yr (31-165 yr for individual intervals) and the mean slip is 3.2 m (0.7-7 m per event). The series is slightly more ordered than random and has a notable cluster of events, during which strain was released at 3 times the long-term average rate. Slip associated with an earthquake is not well predicted by the interval preceding it, and only the largest two earthquakes appear to affect the time interval to the next earthquake. Generally, short intervals tend to coincide with large displacements and long intervals with small displacements. The most significant correlation we find is that earthquakes are more frequent following periods of net strain accumulation spanning multiple seismic cycles. The extent of paleoearthquake ruptures may be inferred by correlating event ages between different sites along the San Andreas fault. Wrightwood and other nearby sites experience rupture that could be attributed to overlap of relatively independent segments that each behave in a more regular manner. However, the data are equally consistent with a model in which the irregular behavior seen at Wrightwood typifies the entire southern San Andreas fault; more long event series will be required to definitively outline prehistoric rupture extents.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/1052-5173(2004)014<4:WATECW>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Weldon, R., Scharer, K., Fumal, T., and Biasi, G., 2004, Wrightwood and the earthquake cycle: What a long recurrence record tells us about how faults work: GSA Today, v. 14, no. 9, p. 4-10, https://doi.org/10.1130/1052-5173(2004)014<4:WATECW>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487524,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/1052-5173(2004)014<4:watecw>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault, Wrightwood paleoseismic site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.048095703125,\n 34.116352469972746\n ],\n [\n -117.44384765625,\n 34.116352469972746\n ],\n [\n -117.44384765625,\n 34.62868797377059\n ],\n [\n -118.048095703125,\n 34.62868797377059\n ],\n [\n -118.048095703125,\n 34.116352469972746\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd1dfe4b08c986b32f5c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weldon, R.","contributorId":99307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weldon","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scharer, K.","contributorId":99345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharer","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fumal, T.","contributorId":46692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fumal","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biasi, G.","contributorId":100583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biasi","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026625,"text":"70026625 - 2004 - Habitat use and home range of the Laysan Teal on Laysan Island, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T16:24:43.127793","indexId":"70026625","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use and home range of the Laysan Teal on Laysan Island, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The 24-hour habitat use and home range of the Laysan Teal (Anas laysanensis), an endemic dabbling duck in Hawaii, was studied using radio telemetry during 1998-2000. Radios were retained for a mean of 40 days (0-123 d; 73 adult birds radio-tagged). Comparisons of daily habitat use were made for birds in the morning, day, evening, and night. Most birds showed strong evidence of selective habitat use. Adults preferred the terrestrial vegetation (88%), and avoided the lake and wetlands during the day. At night, 63% of the birds selected the lake and wetlands. Nocturnal habitat use differed significantly between the non-breeding and breeding seasons, while the lake and wetland habitats were used more frequently during the non-breeding season. Most individuals showed strong site fidelity during the study, but habitat selection varied between individuals. Mean home range size was 9.78 ha (SE ± 2.6) using the fixed kernel estimator (95% kernel; 15 birds, each with >25 locations). The average minimum convex polygon size was 24 ha (SE ± 5.6). The mean distance traveled between tracking locations was 178 m (SE ± 30.5), with travel distances between points ranging up to 1,649 m. Tracking duration varied from 31-121 days per bird (mean tracking duration 75 days).
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0183:HUAHRO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, M., 2004, Habitat use and home range of the Laysan Teal on Laysan Island, Hawaii: Waterbirds, v. 27, no. 2, p. 183-192, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0183:HUAHRO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"192","costCenters":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Laysan 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\"}}]}","volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f31e4b0c8380cd5cb89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, M.H. 0000-0001-7253-8158","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8158","contributorId":64214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70026624,"text":"70026624 - 2004 - Using macroinvertebrates to identify biota-land cover optima at multiple scales in the Pacific Northwest, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T16:01:42","indexId":"70026624","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using macroinvertebrates to identify biota-land cover optima at multiple scales in the Pacific Northwest, USA","docAbstract":"Macroinvertebrate assemblages and environmental variables were evaluated at 45 stream sites throughout the Puget Sound Basin, Washington, USA. Environmental variables were measured at 3 spatial scales: reach, local, and whole watershed. Macroinvertebrate distributions were related to environmental variables using canonical correspondence analysis to determine which variables and spatial scales best explained the observed community composition and to identify biota-land cover optima. The calculation of a biota-land cover optimum was a 2-step process. First, an individual taxon's optimum was estimated for a particular land cover by weighting the mean value for that land cover by the abundance of that taxon at all sites. Second, the biota-land cover optimum was determined as the point at which the greatest numbers of taxa, at their calculated optima, appeared for a particular land cover. Sampling reaches were located on streams in watersheds with varying levels of forest, agriculture, and urban/suburban land cover that represented the full range of physical conditions typically found in Puget Sound streams. At the reach scale, taxa composition was correlated with conductivity and mean velocity. At the local and whole-watershed scales, taxa composition was correlated with % forest and agricultural land cover and % forest and bedrock land cover, respectively. For all of the scales, the dominant environmental variables represented an anthropogenic gradient. There was little difference in the amount of variability explained by each spatial scale. At the local-watershed scale, a biota-land cover optimum of ???80 to 90% forest land cover was identified. The total number of taxa at their optima declined rapidly as forest land cover within the local scale declined below 80 to 90%. At the whole-watershed scale, a biota-land cover optimum of 70 to 80% forest land cover was identified. The total number of taxa at their optima declined rapidly as forest land cover within the whole watershed declined below 70 to 80%. Our results suggest that macroinvertebrates can be used both as quantitative indicators of environmental conditions at multiple scales and indicators of land cover optima. Further examination of these optima could be used to establish priorities for conservation and restoration efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1899/0887-3593(2004)023<0340:UMTIBC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Black, R.W., Munn, M., and Plotnikoff, R., 2004, Using macroinvertebrates to identify biota-land cover optima at multiple scales in the Pacific Northwest, USA: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 23, no. 2, p. 340-362, https://doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2004)023<0340:UMTIBC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"340","endPage":"362","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208563,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2004)023<0340:UMTIBC>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc06be4b08c986b32a0fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Black, R. W.","contributorId":81943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munn, M.D.","contributorId":77908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plotnikoff, R.W.","contributorId":79676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plotnikoff","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026623,"text":"70026623 - 2004 - Hazard assessment of a simulated oil spill on intertidal areas of the St. Lawrence River with SPMD-TOX","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T15:52:27","indexId":"70026623","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1570,"text":"Environmental Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hazard assessment of a simulated oil spill on intertidal areas of the St. Lawrence River with SPMD-TOX","docAbstract":"Phytoremediation in a simulated crude oil spill was studied with a “minimalistic” approach. The SPMD-TOX paradigm—a miniature passive sorptive device to collect and concentrate chemicals and microscale tests to detect toxicity—was used to monitor over time the bioavailability and potential toxicity of an oil spill. A simulated crude oil spill was initiated on an intertidal freshwater grass-wetland along the St. Lawrence River southwest of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. Several phytoremediation treatments were investigated; to dissipate and ameliorate the spill, treatments included nutrient amendments with inorganic nitrogen sources (ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate) and phosphate (super triple phosphate) with and without cut plants, with natural attenuation (no phytoremedial treatment) as a control. Sequestered oil residues were bioavailable in all oil-treated plots in Weeks 1 and 2. Interestingly, the samples were colored and fluoresced under ultraviolet light. In addition, microscale tests showed that sequestered residues were acutely toxic and genotoxic, as well as that they induced hepatic P450enzymes. Analysis of these data suggested that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were among the bioavailable residues sequestered. In addition, these findings suggested that the toxic bioavailable fractions of the oil spill and degradation products dissipated rapidly over time because after the second week the water column contained no oil or detectable degradation products in this riverine intertidal wetland. SPMD-TOX revealed no evidence of bioavailable oil products in Weeks 4, 6, 8, and 12. All phytoremediation efforts appeared to be ineffective in changing either the dissipation rate or the ability to ameliorate the oil toxicity. SPMD-TOX analysis of the water columns from these riverine experimental plots profiled the occurrence, dissipation, and influence of phytoremediation on the bioavailability and toxicity of oil products (parent or degradation products).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/tox.20022","issn":"15204081","usgsCitation":"Johnson, B., Petty, J.D., Huckins, J., Lee, K., and Gauthier, J., 2004, Hazard assessment of a simulated oil spill on intertidal areas of the St. Lawrence River with SPMD-TOX: Environmental Toxicology, v. 19, no. 4, p. 329-335, https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.20022.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"335","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208538,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.20022"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fc3e4b0c8380cd5d06b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, B. Thomas","contributorId":105101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"B. Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Kenneth","contributorId":61064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gauthier, J.","contributorId":42397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gauthier","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026622,"text":"70026622 - 2004 - Temporal changes in fishing motivation among fishing club anglers in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026622","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal changes in fishing motivation among fishing club anglers in the United States","docAbstract":"Responses from freshwater anglers (n = 4287) to a nationwide survey of the US fishing club members were used to assess differences in the importance of 16 fishing motivation items between 1987 and 1997, dates that preceded and followed a period of substantial decline in recreational fishing participation in the US. Comparison of respondents' motivations for fishing in 1997 and 10 years earlier indicated consistency in the paramount importance of being outdoors, relaxation and the experience of the catch. However, the importance of family recreation and being with friends in 1987 were replaced by escape items in 1997. Anglers with fewer dependents and living in areas with higher population density were more likely to decrease the importance of family recreation. Younger anglers were more likely to decrease the importance of being with friends. Anglers who had higher household income, fished more and had higher fishing expenditures were more likely to decrease the importance of obtaining fish to eat. The results of this study suggest that managers should be less concerned about angler opposition to liberal regulations that allow anglers to harvest fish, and that heightened efforts to recruit and retain recreational anglers, which presently focus on family recreation, should be broadened to include outdoor experience, relaxation and escape aspects of fishing. ?? 2004 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2400.2004.00384.x","issn":"0969997X","usgsCitation":"Schramm, H., and Gerard, P., 2004, Temporal changes in fishing motivation among fishing club anglers in the United States: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 11, no. 5, p. 313-321, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2004.00384.x.","startPage":"313","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208521,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2004.00384.x"},{"id":234313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4ffe4b08c986b32071e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schramm, H.L. Jr.","contributorId":103823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schramm","given":"H.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerard, P.D.","contributorId":16368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerard","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026621,"text":"70026621 - 2004 - Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska 1. Origin of Strombolian activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026621","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska 1. Origin of Strombolian activity","docAbstract":"The 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano (Alaska, USA) displayed both classical Strombolian activity and an explosive Subplinian plume. Strombolian activity at Shishaldin occurred in two major phases following the Subplinian activity. In this paper, we use acoustic measurements to interpret the Strombolian activity. Acoustic measurements of the two Strombolian phases show a series of explosions that are modeled by the vibration of a large overpressurised cylindrical bubble at the top of the magma column. Results show that the bubble does not burst at its maximum radius, as expected if the liquid film is stretched beyond its elasticity. But bursting occurs after one cycle of vibration, as a consequence of an instability of the air-magma interface close to the bubble minimum radius. During each Strombolian period, estimates of bubble length and overpressure are calculated. Using an alternate method based on acoustic power, we estimate gas velocity to be 30-60 m/s, in very good agreement with synthetic waveforms. Although there is some variation within these parameters, bubble length and overpressure for the first Strombolian phase are found to be ??? 82 ?? 11 m and 0.083 MPa. For the second Strombolian phase, bubble length and overpressure are estimated at 24 ?? 12 m and 0.15 MPa for the first 17 h after which bubble overpressure shows a constant increase, reaching a peak of 1.4 MPa, just prior to the end of the second Strombolian phase. This peak suggests that, at the time, the magma in the conduit may contain a relatively large concentration of small bubbles. Maximum total gas volume and gas fluxes at the surface are estimated to be 3.3 ?? 107 and 2.9 ?? 103 m3/s for the first phase and 1.0 ?? 108 and 2.2 ?? 103 m3/s for the second phase. This gives a mass flux of 1.2 ?? 103 and 8.7 ?? 102 kg/s, respectively, for the first and the second Strombolian phases. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.003","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Vergniolle, S., Boichu, M., and Caplan-Auerbach, J., 2004, Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska 1. Origin of Strombolian activity: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 137, no. 1-3 SPEC. ISS., p. 109-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.003.","startPage":"109","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478206,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.003","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208520,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.003"},{"id":234312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"1-3 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e69de4b0c8380cd4752e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vergniolle, S.","contributorId":74924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vergniolle","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boichu, M.","contributorId":39558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boichu","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caplan-Auerbach, J.","contributorId":7057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caplan-Auerbach","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026620,"text":"70026620 - 2004 - Methane fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere at northern high latitudes during the past century: A retrospective analysis with a process-based biogeochemistry model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026620","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere at northern high latitudes during the past century: A retrospective analysis with a process-based biogeochemistry model","docAbstract":"We develop and use a new version of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to study how rates of methane (CH4) emissions and consumption in high-latitude soils of the Northern Hemisphere have changed over the past century in response to observed changes in the region's climate. We estimate that the net emissions of CH4 (emissions minus consumption) from these soils have increased by an average 0.08 Tg CH4 yr-1 during the twentieth century. Our estimate of the annual net emission rate at the end of the century for the region is 51 Tg CH4 yr-1. Russia, Canada, and Alaska are the major CH4 regional sources to the atmosphere, responsible for 64%, 11%, and 7% of these net emissions, respectively. Our simulations indicate that large interannual variability in net CH4 emissions occurred over the last century. Our analyses of the responses of net CH4 emissions to the past climate change suggest that future global warming will increase net CH4 emissions from the Pan-Arctic region. The higher net CH4 emissions may increase atmospheric CH 4 concentrations to provide a major positive feedback to the climate system. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004GB002239","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Zhuang, Q., Melillo, J.M., Kicklighter, D., Prinn, R., McGuire, A., Steudler, P., Felzer, B., and Hu, S., 2004, Methane fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere at northern high latitudes during the past century: A retrospective analysis with a process-based biogeochemistry model: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 18, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002239.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478210,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gb002239","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208500,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002239"},{"id":234277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5525e4b0c8380cd6d13d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhuang, Q.","contributorId":40772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuang","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kicklighter, D. W.","contributorId":31537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":410225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prinn, R.G.","contributorId":26861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinn","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Steudler, P.A.","contributorId":38337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steudler","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Felzer, B.S.","contributorId":79675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felzer","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hu, S.","contributorId":74152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70026619,"text":"70026619 - 2004 - National Wildlife Refuge System: Ecological context and integrity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T14:13:15","indexId":"70026619","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2830,"text":"Natural Resources Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National Wildlife Refuge System: Ecological context and integrity","docAbstract":"The Refuge Improvement Act of 1997 established a statutory mission and management standards for the National Wildlife Refuge system. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service subsequently issued a policy for ensuring the biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the system. This policy requires understanding the management objectives of each refuge in a local, regional, and national context. An assessment of the refuge system in a national and regional context reveals that refuges are typically smaller than many conservation holdings and are unevenly distributed across the conterminous U.S. Western rangelands, coastal wetlands, and northern grasslands; wetlands are the best-represented ecosystems, while temperate forests have the poorest representation. In contrast to other agency holdings or management designations in the national protected areas network (e.g., national parks, national forests, wilderness areas), refuges tend to occupy sites at lower elevations and that have higher productivity and soil quality. This difference points to the important contribution of the refuges in providing much needed ecological balance within the national protected areas network. However, the ecological integrity of the refuge system is challenged by the proximity of individual refuges to development. Overall, the refuges are becoming islands in a landscape matrix of urban and agricultural development. This creates future challenges for meeting management objectives to ensure the biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the system. If the policy to ensure biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the refuge system is to be successful, it may be more important to address issues about what happens on adjacent lands than uses within refuges.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of New Mexico School of Law","issn":"00280739","usgsCitation":"Scott, J.M., Loveland, T., Gergely, K., Strittholt, J., and Staus, N., 2004, National Wildlife Refuge System: Ecological context and integrity: Natural Resources Journal, v. 44, no. 4, p. 1041-1066.","startPage":"1041","endPage":"1066","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234276,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307637,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://lawschool.unm.edu/nrj/volumes/44/v44_no4.php"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6256e4b0c8380cd71e61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, J. M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, T. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":72986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gergely, K.","contributorId":71737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gergely","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strittholt, J.","contributorId":89701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strittholt","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Staus, N.","contributorId":70970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staus","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026618,"text":"70026618 - 2004 - Denitrification and hydrologic transient storage in a glacial meltwater stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:11:33","indexId":"70026618","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification and hydrologic transient storage in a glacial meltwater stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica","docAbstract":"In extreme environments, retention of nutrients within stream ecosystems contributes to the persistence of aquatic biota and continuity of ecosystem function. In the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, many glacial meltwater streams flow for only 5–12 weeks a year and yet support extensive benthic microbial communities. We investigated NO3− uptake and denitrification in Green Creek by analyzing small‐scale microbial mat dynamics in mesocosms and reach‐scale nutrient cycling in two whole‐stream NO3− enrichment experiments. Nitrate uptake results indicated that microbial mats were nitrogen (N)‐limited, with NO3− uptake rates as high as 16 nmol N cm−2 h−1. Denitrification potentials associated with microbial mats were also as high as 16 nmol N cm−2 h−1. During two whole‐stream NO3−−enrichment experiments, a simultaneous pulse of NO2− was observed in the stream water. The one‐dimensional solute transport model with inflow and storage was modified to simulate two storage zones: one to account for short time scale hydrologic exchange of stream water into and out of the benthic microbial mat, the other to account for longer time scale hydrologic exchange with the hyporheic zone. Simulations indicate that injected NO3− was removed both in the microbial mat and in the hyporheic zone and that as much as 20% of the NO3− that entered the microbial mat and hyporheic zone was transformed to NO2− by dissimilatory reduction. Because of the rapid hydrologic exchange in microbial mats, it is likely that denitrification is limited either by biotic assimilation, reductase limitation, or transport limitation (reduced NO2− is transported away from reducing microbes).
Currently, there are no generally recognized approaches for linking detailed mortality and pathology data to population-level analyses of extinction risk. We used a combination of analytical and simulation-based analyses to examine 20 years of age- and sex-specific mortality data for southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris), and we applied results to project the efficacy of alternative conservation strategies. Population recovery of the southern sea otter has been slow (rate of population increase λ = 1.05) compared to other recovering populations (λ = 1.17–1.20), and the population declined (λ = 0.975) between 1995 and 1999. Age-based Leslie matrices were developed to explore explanations for the slow recovery and recent decline in the southern sea other population. An elasticity analysis was performed to predict effects of proportional changes in stage-specific reproductive or survival rates on the rate of population increase. A life-stage simulation analysis (LSA) was developed to evaluate the impact of changing age- and cause-specific mortality rates on λ. The information used to develop these models was derived from death assemblage, pathology, and live population census data to examine the sensitivity of sea otter population growth to different sources of mortality (e.g., disease and starvation, direct human take [fisheries, gun shot, boat strike, oil pollution], mating trauma and intraspecific aggression, shark bites, and unknown). We used resampling simulations to generate random combinations of vital rates for a large number of matrix replicates and drew on these to estimate potential effects of mortality sources on population growth (λ). Our analyses suggest management actions that are likely and unlikely to promote recovery of the southern sea otter and more broadly indicate a methodology to better utilize cause-of-death data in conservation decision-making.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/03-5006","usgsCitation":"Gerber, L., Tinker, M.T., Doak, D., Estes, J.A., and Jessup, D.A., 2004, Mortality sensitivity in life-stage simulation analysis: A case study of southern sea otters: Ecological Applications, v. 14, no. 5, p. 1554-1565, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1554","endPage":"1565","costCenters":[{"id":586,"text":"Tinker & Estes Lab and Santa Cruz Field Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e81e4b0c8380cd70aa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerber, L.R.","contributorId":33097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerber","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinker, M. T. 0000-0002-3314-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":54152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doak, D.F.","contributorId":39729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doak","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jessup, David A.","contributorId":96226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jessup","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":410200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026612,"text":"70026612 - 2004 - Emplacement mechanisms of the South Kona slide complex, Hawaii Island: Sampling and observations by remotely operated vehicle Kaiko","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026612","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emplacement mechanisms of the South Kona slide complex, Hawaii Island: Sampling and observations by remotely operated vehicle Kaiko","docAbstract":"Emplacement of a giant submarine slide complex, offshore of South Kona, Hawaii Island, was investigated in 2001 by visual observation and in-situ sampling on the bench scarp and a megablock, during two dives utilizing the Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Kaiko and its mother ship R/V Kairei. Topography of the bench scarp and megablocks were defined in 3-D perspective, using high-resolution digital bathymetric data acquired during the cruise. Compositions of 34 rock samples provide constraints on the landslide source regions and emplacement mechanisms. The bench scarp consists mainly of highly fractured, vesiculated, and oxidized a-a lavas that slumped from the subaerial flank of ancestral Mauna Loa. The megablock contains three units: block facies, matrix facies, and draped sediment. The block facies contains hyaloclastite interbedded with massive lava, which slid from the shallow submarine flank of ancestral Mauna Loa, as indicated by glassy groundmass of the hyaloclastite, low oxidation state, and low sulfur content. The matrix facies, which directly overlies the block facies and is similar to a lahar deposit, is thought to have been deposited from the water column immediately after the South Kona slide event. The draped sediment is a thin high-density turbidite layer that may be a distal facies of the Alika-2 debris-avalanche deposit; its composition overlaps with rocks from subaerial Mauna Loa. The deposits generated by the South Kona slide vary from debris avalanche deposit to turbidite. Spatial distribution of the deposits is consistent with deposits related to large landslides adjacent to other Hawaiian volcanoes and the Canary Islands. ?? Springer-Verlag 2004.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00445-004-0339-9","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Yokose, H., and Lipman, P.W., 2004, Emplacement mechanisms of the South Kona slide complex, Hawaii Island: Sampling and observations by remotely operated vehicle Kaiko: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 66, no. 7, p. 569-584, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-004-0339-9.","startPage":"569","endPage":"584","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208431,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-004-0339-9"},{"id":234172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0912e4b0c8380cd51db7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yokose, H.","contributorId":75308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yokose","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026608,"text":"70026608 - 2004 - Large scale clear-water local pier scour experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T15:00:30.4139","indexId":"70026608","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large scale clear-water local pier scour experiments","docAbstract":"Local clear-water scour tests were performed with three different diameter circular piles (0.114, 0.305, and
Many metapopulation models assume rules of population connectivity that are implicitly based on what we know about within-population dispersal, but especially for vertebrates, few data exist to assess whether interpopulation dispersal is just within-population dispersal \"scaled up.\" We extended existing multi-stratum mark-release-recapture models to incorporate the robust design, allowing us to compare patterns of within- and between-population movement in the banner-tailed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys spectabilis). Movement was rare among eight populations separated by only a few hundred meters: seven years of twice-annual sampling captured >1200 individuals but only 26 interpopulation dispersers. We developed a program that implemented models with parameters for capture, survival, and interpopulation movement probability and that evaluated competing hypotheses in a model selection framework. We evaluated variants of the island, stepping-stone, and isolation-by-distance models of interpopulation movement, incorporating effects of age, season, and habitat (short or tall grass). For both sexes, QAICc values clearly favored isolation-by-distance models, or models combining the effects of isolation by distance and habitat. Models with probability of dispersal expressed as linear-logistic functions of distance and as negative exponentials of distance fit the data equally well. Interpopulation movement probabilities were similar among sexes (perhaps slightly biased toward females), greater for juveniles than adults (especially for females), and greater before than during the breeding season (especially for females). These patterns resemble those previously described for within-population dispersal in this species, which we interpret as indicating that the same processes initiate both within- and between-population dispersal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/03-0599","usgsCitation":"Skvarla, J., Nichols, J., Hines, J., and Waser, P., 2004, Modeling interpopulation dispersal by banner-tailed kangaroo rats: Ecology, v. 85, no. 10, p. 2737-2746, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0599.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2737","endPage":"2746","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c06e4b0c8380cd6f997","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skvarla, J.L.","contributorId":68935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skvarla","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":410170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waser, P.M.","contributorId":66454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waser","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026605,"text":"70026605 - 2004 - Precipitation and the occurrence of lyme disease in the Northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026605","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3675,"text":"Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precipitation and the occurrence of lyme disease in the Northeastern United States","docAbstract":"The occurrence of Lyme disease is a growing concern in the United States, and various studies have been performed to understand the factors related to Lyme disease occurrence. In the United States, Lyme disease has occurred most frequently in the northeastern United States. Positive correlations between the number of cases of Lyme disease reported in the northeastern United States during the 1992-2002 period indicate that late spring/early summer precipitation was a significant climate factor affecting the occurrence of Lyme disease. When late spring/early summer precipitation was greater than average, the occurrence of Lyme disease was above average, possibly due to increased tick activity and survival rate during wet conditions. Temperature did not seem to explain the variability in Lyme disease reports for the northeastern United States. ?? Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1089/1530366041210765","issn":"15303667","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Bunnell, J., 2004, Precipitation and the occurrence of lyme disease in the Northeastern United States: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, v. 4, no. 2, p. 143-148, https://doi.org/10.1089/1530366041210765.","startPage":"143","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208356,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/1530366041210765"},{"id":234059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8112e4b0c8380cd7b355","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunnell, J.E.","contributorId":63512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026603,"text":"70026603 - 2004 - Paleoseismology and neotectonics of the Shivwits section of the Hurricane Fault, northwestern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026603","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoseismology and neotectonics of the Shivwits section of the Hurricane Fault, northwestern Arizona","docAbstract":"The Shivwits section of the Hurricane Fault in northwestern Arizona has been largely ignored in evaluating the seismic hazard posed to the rapidly growing populations of southwestern Utah. To assess this hazard, we conducted studies along the Shivwits section using field observations and geomorphic modeling to understand the Quaternary tectonism of this portion of the Hurricane Fault. We have found evidence that it ruptured with up to 2 to 3 m of vertical displacement per event and likely produced ???M 7 earthquakes. Our results suggest that the slip rate along the southern Hurricane Fault has not decreased during the Quaternary. The Moriah Knoll basalt, offset 150 to 200 m along the Hurricane Fault, yielded a maximum long-term slip rate of 0.15 to 0.25 mm/yr, estimated using a new 40Ar/39Ar age of 0.85 ?? 0.06 Ma. The late Quaternary slip rates on alluvial fan surfaces offset 2 to 7.4 m were estimated using pedogenic carbonate rind thickness as a calibrated proxy for age. These observations yielded slip rates of ??? 0.05 to 0.3 mm/yr. Paleoseismic trench investigations showed that two surface-rupturing events occurred in the past 15-78 k.y. A radiocarbon sample from a most-recent event (MRE) fissure yielded a calibrated age of 8900-10,400 years B.P.; the penultimate event was likely ??? 10 k.y. before the most recent event. Slip-rate estimates using the Moriah Knoll basalt (???0. 15-0.24 mm/yr; 850 ka), surface offset (???0.05-0.3 mm/yr; < 100 ka), morphologic modeling (??? 0.06-0.21 mm/yr; <100 ka), and observations from the trench (??? 0.06-0.34 mm/yr; 15-75 ka) suggest that there has been no detectable change in slip rate in the past 1 million years or so. This implies a constant deformation rate for this portion of the Colorado Plateau Margin; therefore, Basin and Range extension is actively encroaching.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/012003241","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Amoroso, L., Pearthree, P., and Arrowsmith, J., 2004, Paleoseismology and neotectonics of the Shivwits section of the Hurricane Fault, northwestern Arizona: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 5, p. 1919-1942, https://doi.org/10.1785/012003241.","startPage":"1919","endPage":"1942","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208343,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/012003241"},{"id":234024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a744ce4b0c8380cd77578","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amoroso, L.","contributorId":68933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amoroso","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearthree, P. A.","contributorId":77236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearthree","given":"P. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arrowsmith, J.R.","contributorId":88536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arrowsmith","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026602,"text":"70026602 - 2004 - Metabolism of niclosamide in sediment and water systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026602","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2149,"text":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metabolism of niclosamide in sediment and water systems","docAbstract":"A series of experiments analyzed the kinetics and mechanisms of [ 14C]niclosamide degradation. The aerobic aquatic metabolism of [ 14C]niclosamide was studied in nonsterile river water/sediment mixtures. Test systems, maintained under aerobic conditions, were treated with niclosamide and incubated in the dark at 25.0 ?? 1.0 ??C for 30 days. Half-lives of 4.9 and 5.4 days were calculated for the chlorosalicylic acid- and chloronitroaniline-labeled test systems, respectively. From 0 to 21 days after treatment (DAT), the only metabolism product observed in either test system was aminoniclosamide. At the final sampling interval, five peaks were resolved from the chlorosalicylic acid label, and three peaks were resolved from the chloronitroaniline label test substance. By 30 DAT, sediment-bound residues represented ???70% of the observed radioactivity. For the anaerobic aquatic metabolism of [14C]niclosamide, test systems were incubated under anaerobic conditions for 365 days. Half-lives of 0.65 day for the chlorosalicylic acid label and 2.79 days for the chloronitroaniline label were calculated. From 0 to 3 DAT, niclosamide was first transformed into aminoniclosamide. Aminoniclosamide is readily formed, as it was observed in the chlorosalicylic acid label 0 DAT sampling. Several minor metabolites were observed in the water and sediment extracts. None of these metabolites were formed to a significant amount until the parent niclosamide dissipated below the detection limit. Two of the byproducts from these metabolism studies are polar unknowns eluting at 3 and 5 min by HPLC, similar to the unknowns observed in aqueous photolysis studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/jf0401524","issn":"00218561","usgsCitation":"Graebing, P., Chib, J., Hubert, T., and Gingerich, W., 2004, Metabolism of niclosamide in sediment and water systems: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 52, no. 19, p. 5924-5932, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0401524.","startPage":"5924","endPage":"5932","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208342,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0401524"},{"id":234023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5464e4b0c8380cd6cf7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graebing, P.W.","contributorId":37706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graebing","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chib, J.S.","contributorId":104018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chib","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubert, T.D.","contributorId":108066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gingerich, W.H.","contributorId":83481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026598,"text":"70026598 - 2004 - Prediction of nonlinear soil effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-25T16:02:22","indexId":"70026598","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of nonlinear soil effects","docAbstract":"Mathematical models of soil nonlinearity in common use and recently developed nonlinear codes compared to investigate the range of their predictions. We consider equivalent linear formulations with and without frequency-dependent moduli and damping ratios and nonlinear formulations for total and effective stress. Average velocity profiles to 150 m depth with midrange National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program site classifications (B, BC, C, D, and E) in the top 30 m are used to compare the response of a wide range of site conditions from rock to soft soil. Nonlinear soil models are compared using the amplification spectrum, calculated as the ratio of surface ground motion to the input motion at the base of the velocity profile. Peak input motions from 0.1g to 0.9g are considered. For site class B, no significant differences exist between the models considered in this article. For site classes BC and C, differences are small at low input motions (0.1g to 0.2g), but become significant at higher input levels. For site classes D and E the overdamping of frequencies above about 4 Hz by the equivalent linear solution with frequency-independent parameters is apparent for the entire range of input motions considered. The equivalent linear formulation with frequency-dependent moduli and damping ratios under damps relative to the nonlinear models considered for site class C with larger input motions and most input levels for site classes D and E. At larger input motions the underdamping for site classes D and E is not as severe as the overdamping with the frequency-independent formulation, but there are still significant differences in the time domain. A nonlinear formulation is recommended for site classes D and E and for site classes BC and C with input motions greater than a few tenths of the acceleration of gravity. The type of nonlinear formulation to use is driven by considerations of the importance of water content and the availability of laboratory soils data. Our average amplification curves from a nonlinear effective stress formulation compare favorably with observed spectral amplification at class D and E sites in the Seattle area for the 2001 Nisqually earthquake.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/012003256","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., Bonilla, L., and Williams, R.A., 2004, Prediction of nonlinear soil effects: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 5, p. 1609-1629, https://doi.org/10.1785/012003256.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1609","endPage":"1629","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208317,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/012003256"}],"volume":"94","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81f1e4b0c8380cd7b7fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonilla, L.F.","contributorId":78129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonilla","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026596,"text":"70026596 - 2004 - Estimating site occupancy and species detection probability parameters for terrestrial salamanders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-12T12:05:45.647449","indexId":"70026596","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating site occupancy and species detection probability parameters for terrestrial salamanders","docAbstract":"Recent, worldwide amphibian declines have highlighted a need for more extensive and rigorous monitoring programs to document species occurrence and detect population change. Abundance estimation methods, such as mark-recapture, are often expensive and impractical for large-scale or long-term amphibian monitoring. We apply a new method to estimate proportion of area occupied using detection/nondetection data from a terrestrial salamander system in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Estimated species-specific detection probabilities were all <1 and varied among seven species and four sampling methods. Time (i.e., sampling occasion) and four large-scale habitat characteristics (previous disturbance history, vegetation type, elevation, and stream presence) were important covariates in estimates of both proportion of area occupied and detection probability. All sampling methods were consistent in their ability to identify important covariates for each salamander species. We believe proportion of area occupied represents a useful state variable for large-scale monitoring programs. However, our results emphasize the importance of estimating detection and occupancy probabilities rather than using an unadjusted proportion of sites where species are observed where actual occupancy probabilities are confounded with detection probabilities. Estimated detection probabilities accommodate variations in sampling effort; thus comparisons of occupancy probabilities are possible among studies with different sampling protocols.","language":"English","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Bailey, L., Simons, T., and Pollock, K.H., 2004, Estimating site occupancy and species detection probability parameters for terrestrial salamanders: Ecological Applications, v. 14, no. 3, p. 692-702.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"692","endPage":"702","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Great Smoky Mountains National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.990478515625,\n 35.209721645221386\n ],\n [\n -82.913818359375,\n 35.209721645221386\n ],\n [\n -82.913818359375,\n 35.755428369259626\n ],\n [\n -83.990478515625,\n 35.755428369259626\n ],\n [\n -83.990478515625,\n 35.209721645221386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b43e4b0c8380cd5264e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, L.L. 0000-0002-5959-2018","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-2018","contributorId":61006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"L.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simons, T.R.","contributorId":56334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollock, K. 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