The Glacier National Park includes that part of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains lying just south of the Canadian line, in Teton and Flathead counties, Mont. It is bounded on the west by Flathead River (locally called North Fork), on the south by the Middle Fork of Flathead River and the Great Northern Railway, and on the east by the Blackfeet Indian Reservation.
Although this part of the Rocky Mountains has been known since Lewis and Clark crossed the continent in 1805-6, the region later made a park appears not to have been visited by white men until 1853, when Cut Bank Pass was crossed by A. W. Tinkham, one of the Government engineers engaged in exploring a route for the Pacific railroad. Tinkham, who was encamped in the Bitterroot Valley, was ordered to examine Marias Pass, but in traversing Middle Fork of Flathead River along the line of the present railroad he was evidently misled by the large size of the valley of Nyack Creek and ascended that instead of keeping to the right up the main stream. He reported the pass impracticable for railroad construction, and so this region dropped out of public attention for a long time.
The next explorers to enter the region were a group of surveyors who, under the direction of American and British commissioners, established the international boundary line along the forty-ninth parallel from the Pacific coast to the main summit of the Rocky Mountains. This party reached the area now included in the park in the summer of 1861, and the stone monument shown in Plate I, B, which they erected on the Continental Divide west of Waterton Lake, still marks a point on the boundary between the United States and Canada.
The land on the west side of the range formed a part of the public domain which, until the erection of the park, was open to settlement, but the land on the east originally belonged to the Blackfeet Indians and the white men had no rights upon it. About 1890 copper ore was found near the heads of Quartz and Mineral creeks, and a great boom for this region followed. Many prospectors drifted in, expecting to reap rich rewards from the discovery of mineral deposits and the general development of the region. Several of the main trails were built about this time, and considerable money was spent in prospecting, in opening mines, and in providing machinery to handle the large output of copper ore that was expected.
The copper-bearing veins were found to extend through the range to the east side, but prospecting in that part of the mountains was not possible, for the land was included in the Indian reservation. This situation produced a growing discontent among the prospectors, who began to have a strong feeling that the Government should come to their relief by acquiring the coveted land and placing it at their disposal. The urgent demand of the prospectors and promoters was felt in Congress, and a bill was passed providing for the purchase from the Indians of this supposed mineral land for $1,500,000. In accordance with this act, a treaty with the Blackfeet Indians was signed at Browning, Mont., September 26, 1895, and approved by the Senate on June 10, 1896, by which the west line of the reservation was removed from the Continental Divide and was fixed along the eastern points of the spurs of the mountain range, as shown on the accompanying map, and the land so acquired was thrown open to mineral entry only.
Under the stimulus of the new territory acquired, active prospecting was carried on for a time, but copper ore was found only in small quantities, and gradually the prospectors and miners drifted away to newer or more promising fields, and the region reverted to its original condition. For a long time it was visited only by hunters in search of big game and by summer visitors who, in order to escape the heat of the plains, were willing to undergo the privations and discomforts of the rude hotels then to be found in the region.
Although these mountains had ceased to interest prospectors in search of mineral wealth, they still possessed a fascination for the lovers of natural scenery and almost everyone who visited the region was impressed with its alpine beauty. Again it was brought to the attention of Congress, which was urged to secure it for the use of the people by setting it aside as a national park. On May 11, 1910, President Taft signed the bill creating the Glacier National Park, and this most interesting and beautiful region thus became a permanent playground for the American people.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b600","usgsCitation":"Campbell, M., 1914, The Glacier National Park: A popular guide to its geology and scenery: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 600, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b600.","productDescription":"54 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0600/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":92485,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0600/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.63 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Marius R.","contributorId":103337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Marius R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39449,"text":"pp86 - 1914 - The Transportation of Debris by Running Water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:12:07","indexId":"pp86","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1914","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86","title":"The Transportation of Debris by Running Water","docAbstract":"Scope.-The finer debris transported by a stream is borne in suspension. The coarser is swept along the channel bed. The suspended load is readily sampled and estimated, and much is known as to its quantity. The bed load is inaccessible and we are without definite information as to its amount. The primary purpose of the investigation was to learn the laws which control the movement of bed load, and especially to determine how the quantity of load is related to the stream's slope and discharge and to the degree of comminution of the debris.\r\n\r\nMethod.-To this end a laboratory was equipped at Berkeley, Cal., and experiments were performed in which each of the three conditions mentioned was separately varied and the resulting variations of load were observed and measured. Sand and gravel were sorted by sieves into grades of uniform size. Determinate discharges were used. In each experiment a specific load was fed to a stream of specific width and discharge, and measurement was made of the slope to which the stream automatically adjusted its bed so as to enable the current to transport the load.\r\n\r\nThe slope factor.-For each combination of discharge, width, and grade of debris there is a slope, called competent slope, which limits transportation. With lower slopes there is no load, or the stream has no capacity for load. With higher slopes capacity exists; and increase of slope gives increase of capacity. The value of capacity is approximately proportional to a power of the excess of slope above competent slope. If S equal the stream's slope and sigma equal competent slope, then the stream's capacity varies as (S - sigma)n. This is not a deductive, but an empiric law. The exponent n has not a fixed value, but an indefinite series of values depending on conditions. Its range of values in the experience of the laboratory is from 0.93 to 2.37, the values being greater as the discharges are smaller or the debris is coarser.\r\n\r\nThe discharge factor.-For each combination of width, slope, and grade of debris there is a competent discharge, k. Calling the stream's discharge Q, the stream's capacity varies as (Q - k)o. The observed range of values for o is from 0.81 to 1.24, the values being greater as the slopes are smaller or the debris is coarser. Under like conditions o is less than n; or, in other words, capacity is less sensitive to change3 of discharge than to changes of slope.\r\n\r\nThe fineness factor.-For each combination of width, slope, and discharge there is a limiting fineness of debris below which no transportation takes place. Calling fineness (or degree of comminution) F and competent fineness o, the stream's capacity varies with (F - o)p. The observed range of values for p is from 0.50 to 0.62, the values being greater as slopes and discharges are smaller. Capacity is less sensitive to changes in fineness of debris than to changes in discharge or slope.\r\n\r\nThe form factor.-Most of the experiments were with straight channels. A few with crooked channels yielded nearly the same estimates of capacity. The ratio of depth to width is a more important factor. For any combination of slope, discharge, and fineness it is possible to reduce capacity to zero by making the stream very wide and shallow or very narrow and deep. Between these extremes is a particular ratio of depth to width, p, corresponding to a maximum capacity. The values of p range, under laboratory conditions, from 0.5 to 0.04, being greater as slope, discharge, and fineness are less.\r\n\r\nVelocity.-The velocity which determines capacity for bed load is that near the stream's bed, but attempts to measure bed velocity were not successful. Mean velocity was measured instead. To make a definite comparison between capacity and mean velocity it is necessary to postulate constancy in some accessory condition. If slope be the constant, in which case velocity changes with discharge, capacity varies on the average with the 3.2 power of velocity. If discharge be the constant, in w","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp86","collaboration":"Bases on experiments made with the assistance of Edward Charles Murphy","usgsCitation":"Gilbert, G.K., and Murphy, E.C., 1914, The Transportation of Debris by Running Water: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 86, Report: 263 p.; 3 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp86.","productDescription":"Report: 263 p.; 3 Plates","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":165130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0086/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":22044,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0086/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db6735cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilbert, Grove Karl","contributorId":84798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Grove","email":"","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, Edward Charles","contributorId":90286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33155,"text":"b540 - 1914 - Contributions to economic geology (short papers and preliminary reports), 1912; Part I, Metals and nonmetals except fuels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-24T21:07:22.166016","indexId":"b540","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1914","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"540","title":"Contributions to economic geology (short papers and preliminary reports), 1912; Part I, Metals and nonmetals except fuels","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b540","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1914, Contributions to economic geology (short papers and preliminary reports), 1912; Part I, Metals and nonmetals except fuels: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 540, 563 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b540.","productDescription":"563 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":92277,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0540/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163479,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0540/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":481186,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20082.htm","text":"Borate deposits in Ventura County, California","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481187,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20083.htm","text":"Clay in northeastern Montana","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481188,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20084.htm","text":"Economic geology of the region around Mullan, Idaho, and Saltese, Montana","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481189,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20085.htm","text":"New areas of diamond-bearing peridotite in Arkansas","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481190,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20086.htm","text":"Preliminary report on the red iron ores of east Tennessee, northeast Alabama, and northwest Georgia","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481191,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20087.htm","text":"Prospecting for potash in Death Valley, California","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481192,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20088.htm","text":"Salt, borax, and potash in Saline Valley, Inyo County, California","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481193,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20089.htm","text":"The Yellow Pine mining district, Clark County, Nevada","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481194,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20090.htm","text":"Titaniferous magnetite beds on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation, Montana","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481195,"rank":12,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_108690.htm","text":"Mineral resources of the Inyo and White Mountains, California","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b03e4b07f02db698dda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":45196,"text":"b592F - 1914 - Preliminary report on a water-power reconnaissance in south-central Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":45196,"text":"b592F - 1914 - Preliminary report on a water-power reconnaissance in south-central Alaska","indexId":"b592F","publicationYear":"1914","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Preliminary report on a water-power reconnaissance in south-central Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33863,"text":"b592 - 1914 - Mineral resources of Alaska: Report on progress of investigations in 1913","indexId":"b592","publicationYear":"1914","noYear":false,"title":"Mineral resources of Alaska: Report on progress of investigations in 1913"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33863,"text":"b592 - 1914 - Mineral resources of Alaska: Report on progress of investigations in 1913","indexId":"b592","publicationYear":"1914","noYear":false,"title":"Mineral resources of Alaska: Report on progress of investigations in 1913"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-12T19:11:16.62674","indexId":"b592F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1914","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"592","chapter":"F","title":"Preliminary report on a water-power reconnaissance in south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineral resources of Alaska, report on progress of investigations in 1913 (Bulletin 592)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b592F","usgsCitation":"Ellsworth, C., and Davenport, R.W., 1914, Preliminary report on a water-power reconnaissance in south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 592, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b592F.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"193","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":344819,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/592-F/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":134769,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/592-F/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -143.45423329088015,\n 60.689638191501274\n ],\n [\n -144.76273640119337,\n 60.689638191501274\n ],\n [\n -144.76273640119337,\n 60.0952871139159\n ],\n [\n -143.45423329088015,\n 60.0952871139159\n ],\n [\n -143.45423329088015,\n 60.689638191501274\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69babf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellsworth, C.E.","contributorId":91461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davenport, R. W.","contributorId":41798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davenport","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":67820,"text":"gf193 - 1914 - San Francisco folio, California, Tamalpais, San Francisco, Concord, San Mateo, and Haywards quadrangles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T18:58:40.676484","indexId":"gf193","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1914","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":314,"text":"Folios of the Geologic Atlas","code":"GF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"193","title":"San Francisco folio, California, Tamalpais, San Francisco, Concord, San Mateo, and Haywards quadrangles","docAbstract":"The five sheets of the San Francisco folio the Tamalpais, Ban Francisco, Concord, Ban Mateo, and Haywards sheets map a territory lying between latitude 37° 30' and 38° and longitude 122° and 122° 45'. Large parts of four of these sheets cover the waters of the Bay of San Francisco or of the adjacent Pacific Ocean. (See fig. 1.) Within the area mapped are the cities of San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, Alameda, Ban Rafael, and San Mateo, and many smaller towns and villages. These cities, which have a population aggregating about 750,000, together form the largest and most important center of commercial and industrial activity on the west coast of the United States. The natural advantages afforded by a great harbor, where the railways from the east meet the ships from all ports of the world, have determined the site of a flourishing cosmopolitan, commercial city on the shores of San Francisco Bay. The bay is encircled by hilly and mountainous country diversified by fertile valley lands and divides the territory mapped into two rather contrasted parts, the western part being again divided by the Golden Gate. It will therefore be convenient to sketch the geographic features under four headings (1) the area east of San Francisco Bay; (2) the San Francisco Peninsula; (3) the Marin Peninsula; (4) San Francisco Bay. (See fig. 2.)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/gf193","usgsCitation":"Lawson, A.C., 1914, San Francisco folio, California, Tamalpais, San Francisco, Concord, San Mateo, and Haywards quadrangles: U.S. Geological Survey Folios of the Geologic Atlas 193, Report: 24 p.; 15 Plates: 20.42 × 23.36 inches or smaller; Cover; 1 Illustration: 20.00 × 23.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gf193.","productDescription":"Report: 24 p.; 15 Plates: 20.42 × 23.36 inches or smaller; Cover; 1 Illustration: 20.00 × 23.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":101988,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_357.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"357"},{"id":24086,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/193/quad-5_structure.pdf","text":"Haywards Quadrangle Structure 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presence of many small glaciers. Very much of the grandeur of its wonderful Alpine scenery, the final sculpturing of the great mountain valleys and of the amphitheaters at their heads, and the production of the basins of its many beautiful lakes are due to the action of the more extended glaciers of the past.
There are in the park about 90 small glaciers ranging in size from Blackfeet Glacier, with its 3 square miles of ice, down to masses but a few acres in extent yet exhibiting the characteristics of true glaciers. The most easily accessible of these from the beaten trails are the Blackfeet and Sperry Glaciers and the small glaciers at Iceberg Lake and at Ahern Pass. Some of the others can be reached by tourists who are willing to undergo the exertions of mountain climbing. Among these are Grinnell, Chaney, Shepard, Vulture, and Carter Glaciers, and one or two at Brown Pass. (See map facing page 17.)
After examining these features one can easily picture to himself, as he looks down the valleys, the great rivers of ice which in ages past cascaded from the cliffs below the upper cirques, converged as tributaries from the many branch valleys, and united in great trunk glaciers. In imagination lie can see these great glaciers many hundreds of feet ill depth filling the great mountain volleys from side to side, and deploying thence upon the bordering plains. lie seems to see these mighty engines plucking away the rock ribs of the mountains, smoothing, grinding, and polishing the irregularities and sweeping away the debris to be spread on the plains below. These glaciers developed and extended three times and, after each development, the congealed masses melted away on the return of milder climatic conditions, until at length only the small cliff glaciers of the present day are left lurking in the protected recesses at the heads of the capacious valleys.
Many of the rock-walled amphitheaters are no longer occupied by ice, but from all there issue streams fed by the melting snow or ice. These plunge over the cliffs in beautiful foaming cascades and rush on down the mountain gorges. The melting glaciers left many inclosed basins large and small, and in these the waters rest a while and mirror in their crystal depths the dark green of the surrounding forests, the rich colors of the rugged mountain walls, and the deep blue of the cloud-flecked sky. On again from lake to lake the waters flow and finally start down their long courses to the sea to merge at length with the chill waters of Hudson Bay, the balm t ides of the Gulf of Mexico, or the rolling billows of the Pacific.
Compared in size with the great glaciers of Alaska the glaciers of Glacier National Park are insignificant. They are even surpassed in size by those of the Alps, of the Canadian Rockies, and of Mount Rainier, Washington. They are, however, thought small, among the best examples of this interesting type of phenomena now existing in the United States. They have also a splendid setting in magnificent Alpine scenery, unsurpassed in grandeur anywhere. Hidden away in the recesses of the mighty mountain ranges these rare and wonderful features form a climax to many of the interesting trips open to the tourist.
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It comprises about 9,500 square miles, or more than the combined area of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. It lies between 40° and 42° north latitude and 112° and 114° west longitude. (See fig. 1.)
Insufficient rainfall and the rapid settling of the country have created a demand for an investigation to determine the feasibility of irrigating by the use of underground water. In response to this demand and in order to classify the land under the enlarged homestead act, the writer made an investigation covering a period of four months during the summer and fall of 1911. The greater part of this time was spent in Boxelder County, but two weeks at the close of the season were devoted to a reconnaissance in Tooele, Rush, and Skull valleys, in Tooele County. W. B. Heroy, of the United States Geological Survey, collected most of the data presented for southern Idaho.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp333","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, E., 1913, Ground water in Boxelder and Tooele Counties, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 333, Report: 90 p.; 1 Plate: 20.00 x 17.13 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp333.","productDescription":"Report: 90 p.; 1 Plate: 20.00 x 17.13 inches","numberOfPages":"92","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393986,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24510.htm"},{"id":138096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0333/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25874,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0333/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25873,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0333/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Utah","county":"Box Elder County, Tooele County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113,\n 40.767\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 40.767\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 39.917\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 39.917\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 40.767\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66db5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, Everett","contributorId":103656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Everett","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2252,"text":"wsp300 - 1913 - Water resources of California, Part III, Stream measurements in the Great Basin and Pacific coast river basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T12:02:19","indexId":"wsp300","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1913","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"300","title":"Water resources of California, Part III, Stream measurements in the Great Basin and Pacific coast river basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp300","usgsCitation":"Hoyt, J., McGlashan, H.D., and Dean, H., 1913, Water resources of California, Part III, Stream measurements in the Great Basin and Pacific coast river basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 300, 956 p. :ill., map ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp300.","productDescription":"956 p. :ill., map ;23 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0300/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28023,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0300/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0885","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoyt, J.C.","contributorId":22740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoyt","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGlashan, Harry Deyoe","contributorId":106467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGlashan","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"Deyoe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, H.J.","contributorId":89087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1863,"text":"wsp314 - 1913 - Surface water supply of Seward peninsula, Alaska, with a sketch of the geography and geology, and a description of methods of placer mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T14:05:23.264633","indexId":"wsp314","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1913","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"314","title":"Surface water supply of Seward peninsula, Alaska, with a sketch of the geography and geology, and a description of methods of placer mining","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp314","usgsCitation":"Henshaw, F.F., Parker, G.L., Smith, P.S., and Brooks, A.H., 1913, Surface water supply of Seward peninsula, Alaska, with a sketch of the geography and geology, and a description of methods of placer mining: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 314, Report: 317 p.; 1 Plate: 32.41 x 26.46, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp314.","productDescription":"Report: 317 p.; 1 Plate: 32.41 x 26.46","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402118,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24503.htm"},{"id":27082,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0314/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138357,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0314/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":484910,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0314/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.046875,\n 64.28275952823394\n ],\n [\n -161.3671875,\n 64.28275952823394\n ],\n [\n -161.3671875,\n 66.6181218846659\n ],\n [\n -168.046875,\n 66.6181218846659\n ],\n [\n -168.046875,\n 64.28275952823394\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6973bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henshaw, Fred Forbes","contributorId":12452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henshaw","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"Forbes","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, G. 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(on 1 leaf) fold. maps. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0308/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26448,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0308/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Follett, William W.","contributorId":54964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Follett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, William B.","contributorId":47763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larrison, G.K.","contributorId":83095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larrison","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leighton, Marshall O.","contributorId":49335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leighton","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1982,"text":"wsp315 - 1913 - The purification of public water supplies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:18","indexId":"wsp315","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1913","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"315","title":"The purification of public water supplies","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Govt. 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