{"pageNumber":"2738","pageRowStart":"68425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70026710,"text":"70026710 - 2004 - The helium isotopic chemistry of Lake Bonney, Taylor Valley, Antarctica: Timing of late holocene climate change in Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026710","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":866,"text":"Aquatic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The helium isotopic chemistry of Lake Bonney, Taylor Valley, Antarctica: Timing of late holocene climate change in Antarctica","docAbstract":"To better understand the long-term climate history of Antarctica, we studied Lake Bonney in Taylor Valley, Southern Victoria Land (78?? S). Helium isotope ratios and He, Ne, Ar and N2 concentration data, obtained from hydrocasts in the East (ELB) and West (WLB) Lobesof Lake Bonney, provided important constraints on the lake's Holocene evolution. Based on very low concentrations of Ar and N2 in the ELB bottom waters, ELB was free of ice until 200 ?? 50 years ago. After which, low salinity water flowing over the sill from WLB to ELB, covered ELB and formed a perennial ice cover, inhibiting the exchange of gases with the atmosphere. In contrast to the ELB, the WLB retained an ice cover through the Holocene. The brine in the WLB bottom waters has meteoric N2 and Ar gas concentrations indicating that it has not been significantly modified by atmospheric exchange or ice formation. The helium concentrations in the deep water of WLB are the highest measured in non-thermal surface water. By fitting a diffusional loss to the 3He/4He, helium, and Cl profiles, we calculate a time of ???3000 years for the initiation of flow over the sill separating the East and West Lobes. To supply this flux of helium to the lake, a helium-rich sediment beneath the lake must be providing the helium by diffusion. If at any time during the last million years the ice cover left WLB, there would be insufficient helium available to provide the current flux to WLB. The variations in water levels in Lake Bonney can be related to climatic events that have been documented within the Southern Victoria Land region and indicate that the lakes respond significantly to regional and, perhaps, global climate forcing. ?? 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10498-004-2265-z","issn":"13806165","usgsCitation":"Poreda, R., Hunt, A., Berry, L.W., and Welch, K., 2004, The helium isotopic chemistry of Lake Bonney, Taylor Valley, Antarctica: Timing of late holocene climate change in Antarctica: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 10, no. 3-4, p. 353-371, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-004-2265-z.","startPage":"353","endPage":"371","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208507,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10498-004-2265-z"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacb5e4b08c986b3236a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poreda, R.J.","contributorId":97138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poreda","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, A.G.","contributorId":68691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berry, Lyons W.","contributorId":43633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Lyons","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welch, K.A.","contributorId":44315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026348,"text":"70026348 - 2004 - Sexual differences in the post-breeding movements and habitats selected by Western toads (Bufo boreas) in southeastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T07:01:03","indexId":"70026348","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sexual differences in the post-breeding movements and habitats selected by Western toads (Bufo boreas) in southeastern Idaho","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used radio-telemetry to study the movements and habitat use of Western toads (</span><i>Bufo boreas</i><span>) in the Targhee National Forest in southeastern Idaho. Eighteen toads (10 male and 8 female) that bred in a seasonally flooded pond, were fitted with radio-transmitters, tracked, and their movements mapped and analyzed with global positioning and geographic information systems. We also analyzed their patterns of habitat selection at micro- and macro-scales by comparing sites used by toads with randomly selected sites. After breeding, two male and six female toads left the breeding pond and used terrestrial habitats extensively. Male and female toads showed different patterns of movement and habitat use, although all toads seemed to behave in ways that reduced loss of body water (e.g., such as traveling on nights of high humidity). Male toads traveled shorter distances from the pond than females (581 &plusmn; 98 m and 1105 &plusmn; 272 m, respectively). Female toads used terrestrial habitats extensively and were selective of cover types (e.g., shrub) that provided greater protection from dehydration. Female toads also preferred certain habitat edges and open forests over forests with closed canopies or clearcuts. Information from this study can assist land managers in establishing protective buffers and managing forests for the protection of toad populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1655/01-50","issn":"00180831","usgsCitation":"Bartelt, P.E., Peterson, C.R., and Klaver, R.W., 2004, Sexual differences in the post-breeding movements and habitats selected by Western toads (Bufo boreas) in southeastern Idaho: Herpetologica, v. 60, no. 4, p. 455-467, https://doi.org/10.1655/01-50.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"455","endPage":"467","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Targhee National 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Paul E.","contributorId":18895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartelt","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, Charles R.","contributorId":95738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) 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,{"id":70027019,"text":"70027019 - 2004 - A tree-ring based reconstruction of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation since 1567 A.D","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-09T13:31:27","indexId":"70027019","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A tree-ring based reconstruction of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation since 1567 A.D","docAbstract":"<p>We present a tree-ring based reconstruction of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) which demonstrates that strong, low-frequency (60-100 yr) variability in basin-wide (0-70??N) sea surface temperatures (SSTs) has been a consistent feature of North Atlantic climate for the past five centuries. Intervention analysis of reconstructed AMO indicates that 20th century modes were similar to those in the preceding ???350 yr, and wavelet spectra show robust multidecadal oscillations throughout the reconstruction. Though the exact relationships between low-frequency SST modes, higher frequency (???7-25 yr) atmospheric modes (e.g., North Atlantic Oscillation/Arctic Oscillation), and terrestrial climates must still be resolved, our results confirm that the AMO should be considered in assessments of past and future Northern Hemisphere climates. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004GL019932","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Gray, S., Graumlich, L., Betancourt, J., and Pederson, G., 2004, A tree-ring based reconstruction of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation since 1567 A.D: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, no. 12, 4 p, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019932.","productDescription":"4 p","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478090,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gl019932","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209288,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019932"}],"volume":"31","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e605e4b0c8380cd470e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, S.T.","contributorId":19680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graumlich, L.J.","contributorId":30417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graumlich","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pederson, G.T.","contributorId":19353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026761,"text":"70026761 - 2004 - Comparative habitat use in a juniper woodland bird community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026761","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative habitat use in a juniper woodland bird community","docAbstract":"We compared vegetation structure used by 14 bird species during the 1998 and 1999 breeding seasons to determine what habitat features best accounted for habitat division and community organization in Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) woodlands of southwestern Wyoming. Habitat use was quantified by measuring 24 habitat variables in 461 bird-centered quadrats, each 0.04 ha in size. Using discriminant function analysis, we differentiated between habitat used by 14 bird species along 3 habitat dimensions: (1) variation in shrub cover, overstory juniper cover, mature tree density, understory height, and decadent tree density; (2) a gradient composed of elevation and forb cover; and (3) variation in grass cover, tree height, seedling/sapling cover, and bare ground/rock cover. Of 14 species considered, 9 exhibited substantial habitat partitioning: Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura), Bewick's Wren (Thryomanes bewickii), Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea), Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides), Plumbeous Vireo (Vireo plumbeus), Green-tailed Towhee (Pipilo chlorurus), Brewer's Sparrow (Spizella breweri), Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis), and Cassin's Finch (Carpodacus cassinii). Our results indicate juniper bird communities of southwestern Wyoming are organized along a 3-dimensional habitat gradient composed of woodland maturity, elevation, and juniper recruitment. Because juniper birds partition habitat along successional and altitudinal gradients, indiscriminate woodland clearing as well as continued fire suppression will alter species composition. Restoration efforts should ensure that all successional stages of juniper woodland are present on the landscape.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Pavlacky, D., and Anderson, S., 2004, Comparative habitat use in a juniper woodland bird community: Western North American Naturalist, v. 64, no. 3, p. 376-384.","startPage":"376","endPage":"384","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f81ce4b0c8380cd4ceb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pavlacky, D.C. Jr.","contributorId":43540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlacky","given":"D.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, S.H.","contributorId":33667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026390,"text":"70026390 - 2004 - Does coring contribute to tree mortality?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-06T23:05:53.105962","indexId":"70026390","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does coring contribute to tree mortality?","docAbstract":"<p><span>We assess the potential of increment coring, a common method for measuring tree ages and growth, to contribute to mortality. We used up to 21 years of annual censuses from two cored and two uncored permanent plots in the Sierra Nevada of California, to detect changes in mortality rates 12 years following coring for individuals &gt;5 cm DBH from two coniferous species,&nbsp;</span><i>Abies concolor</i><span>&nbsp;(Gordon &amp; Glend.) Lindl. (white fir) and&nbsp;</span><i>Abies magnifica</i><span>&nbsp;A. Murr. (red fir). Using a randomized before-after control impact (BACI) design, we found no differences in mortality rates following coring for 825 cored and 525 uncored&nbsp;</span><i>A. concolor</i><span>&nbsp;and 104 cored and 66 uncored&nbsp;</span><i>A. magnifica</i><span>. These results support the view that collecting tree cores can be considered nondestructive sampling, but we emphasize that our 12-year postcoring records are short compared with the maximum life-span of these trees and that other species in different environments may prove to be more sensitive to coring.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/X04-120","issn":"00455067","usgsCitation":"van Mantgem, P.J., and Stephenson, N., 2004, Does coring contribute to tree mortality?: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 34, no. 11, p. 2394-2398, https://doi.org/10.1139/X04-120.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2394","endPage":"2398","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234082,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.05834506751626,\n              35.283157920758455\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.61829691979074,\n              35.443489112692205\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.7416653211744,\n              36.33897000338813\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.38265306756148,\n              37.51940389204013\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.01471746501548,\n              39.031165259916975\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.07279422508176,\n              40.20003774780952\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.64335639041462,\n              40.97363011374969\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.63664205877294,\n              40.98755925647029\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1080225512103,\n              40.47319582262148\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.17092444021006,\n              38.4054066413924\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.46355044906448,\n              37.52224336980309\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.02042286366736,\n              36.29554447016966\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.05834506751626,\n              35.283157920758455\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a038fe4b0c8380cd50533","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Mantgem, P. J.","contributorId":73527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, N.L.","contributorId":17559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026222,"text":"70026222 - 2004 - Variability of hydrologic regimes and morphology in constructed open-ditch channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026222","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Variability of hydrologic regimes and morphology in constructed open-ditch channels","docAbstract":"Open-ditch ecosystems are potential transporters of considerable loads of nutrients, sediment, pathogens and pesticides from direct inflow from agricultural land to small streams and larger rivers. Our objective was to compare hydrology and channel morphology between two experimental open-ditch channels. An open-ditch research facility incorporating a paired design was constructed during 2002 near Lamberton, MN. A200-m reach of existing drainage channel was converted into a system of four parallel channels. The facility was equipped with water level control devices and instrumentation for flow monitoring and water sample collection on upstream and downstream ends of the system. Hydrographs from simulated flow during year one indicated that paired open-ditch channels responded similarly to changes in inflow. Variability in hydrologic response between open-ditches was attributed to differences in open-ditch channel bottom elevation and vegetation density. No chemical, biological, or atmospheric measurements were made during 2003. Potential future benefits of this research include improved biological diversity and integrity of open-ditch ecosystems, reduce flood peaks and increased flow during critical low-flow periods, improved and more efficient nitrogen retention within the open-ditch ecosystem, and decreased maintenance cost associated with reduced frequency of open-ditch maintenance.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 8th International Drainage Symposium - Drainage VIII","conferenceTitle":"8th International Drainage Symposium - Drainage VIII","conferenceDate":"21 March 2004 through 24 March 2004","conferenceLocation":"Sacramento, CA","language":"English","isbn":"1892769360","usgsCitation":"Strock, J., Magner, J., Richardson, W.B., Sadowsky, M., Sands, G., and Venterea, R., 2004, Variability of hydrologic regimes and morphology in constructed open-ditch channels, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 8th International Drainage Symposium - Drainage VIII, Sacramento, CA, 21 March 2004 through 24 March 2004, p. 461-468.","startPage":"461","endPage":"468","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc138e4b08c986b32a4b4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cooke R.A.","contributorId":128333,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Cooke R.A.","id":536586,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Strock, J.S.","contributorId":104257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strock","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magner, J.A.","contributorId":26413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magner","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richardson, W. B.","contributorId":16363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sadowsky, M.J.","contributorId":19337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadowsky","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sands, G.R.","contributorId":105487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sands","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Venterea, R.T.","contributorId":53994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Venterea","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026829,"text":"70026829 - 2004 - Composition, dynamics, and fate of leached dissolved organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems: Results from a decomposition experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-18T16:27:11.624906","indexId":"70026829","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition, dynamics, and fate of leached dissolved organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems: Results from a decomposition experiment","docAbstract":"<p>Fluxes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are an important vector for the movement of carbon (C) and nutrients both within and between ecosystems. However, although DOM fluxes from throughfall and through litterfall can be large, little is known about the fate of DOM leached from plant canopies, or from the litter layer into the soil horizon. In this study, our objectives were to determine the importance of plant-litter leachate as a vehicle for DOM movement, and to track DOM decomposition [including dissolve organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) fractions], as well as DOM chemical and isotopic dynamics, during a long-term laboratory incubation experiment using fresh leaves and litter from several ecosystem types. The water-extractable fraction of organic C was high for all five plant species, as was the biodegradable fraction; in most cases, more than 70% of the initial DOM was decomposed in the first 10 days of the experiment. The chemical composition of the DOM changed as decomposition proceeded, with humic (hydrophobic) fractions becoming relatively more abundant than nonhumic (hydrophilic) fractions over time. However, in spite of proportional changes in humic and nonhumic fractions over time, our data suggest that both fractions are readily decomposed in the absence of physicochemical reactions with soil surfaces. Our data also showed no changes in the <span>δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C</span> signature of DOM during decomposition, suggesting that isotopic fractionation during DOM uptake is not a significant process. These results suggest that soil microorganisms preferentially decompose more labile organic molecules in the DOM pool, which also tend to be isotopically heavier than more recalcitrant DOM fractions. We believe that the interaction between DOM decomposition dynamics and soil sorption processes contribute to the <span>δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C</span> enrichment of soil organic matter commonly observed with depth in soil profiles.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-003-0236-7","usgsCitation":"Cleveland, C., Neff, J.C., Townsend, A., and Hood, E., 2004, Composition, dynamics, and fate of leached dissolved organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems: Results from a decomposition experiment: Ecosystems, v. 7, no. 3, p. 275-285, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-003-0236-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"285","costCenters":[{"id":229,"text":"Earth Surface Processes Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f934e4b0c8380cd4d4c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleveland, C.C.","contributorId":62387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neff, J. C.","contributorId":29935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Townsend, A.R.","contributorId":16631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hood, E.","contributorId":7480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026808,"text":"70026808 - 2004 - Petrography and character of the bedrock surface beneath western Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T12:28:34","indexId":"70026808","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2897,"text":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrography and character of the bedrock surface beneath western Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Cores collected during recent drilling in western Cape Cod, Massachusetts provide insight into the topography and petrology of the underlying bedrock. 62 drill sites spread over a ???140 km2 study area produced cores of granitoids (31), orthogneisses (20), basalts/diabases (4), amphibolites (3), felsic mylonites (2), and dolomitic rock (2). Granitoid cores range in composition from granite to tonalite to quartz diorite, but are dominated by single-mica granites. Alteration is common in nearly all cores examined in this study, and is evidenced by the secondary growth of chlorite and epidote. The granitoids resemble rocks of the Dedham and Fall River terranes (Wones and Goldsmith 1991). Gneisses from the study area generally contain the mineral assemblage hornblende+plagioclase+quartz+biotite+epidote??chlorite?? sphene??K-feldspar??sericite+oxides. Based on mineral assemblages, we estimate peak metamorphic grade to be of lower amphibolite facies. X-ray powder diffraction of unmetamorphosed dolomitic cores shows presence of layered silicates (clays), plagioclase, and possible magnesite. Contours of the bedrock surface show locally irregular topography suggesting erosion by glacial scour. The distribution of lithologies suggests a possible continuation of the New Bedford gneissic terrane that outcrops 25 km to the west. Dolomitic rocks may represent a lithified fault gouge material at the eastern edge of the gneissic zone. Basalts/diabases are interpreted to be post-metamorphic dikes of Late Paleozoic age, or possibly associated with Mesozoic rifting.","language":"English","publisher":"Northeastern Science Foundation","issn":"01941453","usgsCitation":"Hallett, B., Poppe, L., and Brand, S., 2004, Petrography and character of the bedrock surface beneath western Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, v. 26, no. 3, p. 230-241.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"241","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachussets","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.68603515625,\n              41.7180304600481\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.993896484375,\n              41.7180304600481\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.993896484375,\n              42.09822241118974\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.68603515625,\n              42.09822241118974\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.68603515625,\n              41.7180304600481\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a779ae4b0c8380cd7852d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hallett, B.W.","contributorId":98392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallett","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brand, S.G.","contributorId":39051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015211,"text":"1015211 - 2004 - Distribution and abundance of pelagic fish in Lake Powell, Utah, and Lake Mead, Arizona-Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T11:46:54","indexId":"1015211","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and abundance of pelagic fish in Lake Powell, Utah, and Lake Mead, Arizona-Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Pelagic fish communities (waters with depths &gt;20 m) of Lakes Powell and Mead were examined quarterly from 1995 to 1998 using vertical gill nets and a scientific echosounder. Nets captured a total of 449 fish consisting of striped bass (57%/45% [Lake Powell/Lake Mead]), threadfin shad (24%/50%), common carp (15%/4%), walleye (3%), channel catfish (2%), and rainbow trout (&lt;1%). Each reservoir contained concentrations of pelagic species separated by expanses of habitat with few fish (&lt;10 kg·ha⁻¹). Reservoirs experienced dramatic seasonal and annual fluctuations in pelagic biomass. Lake Powell's biomass peaked at the Colorado River at 709.7 (± 46.5) kg · ha⁻¹ and Lake Mead's reached 291.9 (± 58.2) kg · ha⁻¹ at Las Vegas Wash. These locations supported estimated fish densities of 124,668 fish · ha⁻¹ and 15,131 fish · ha⁻¹, respectively. Maximum reservoir biomass peaked in August 1996, with Lake Powell supporting 10,852,738 ± 5,195,556 kg (27.6 × 10⁻ fish) and Lake Mead 1,926,697 ± 892.994 kg (10.8 × 10⁻ fish). Biomass ebbed in May (1996 and 1997), when Lake Mead supported 65% (296,736 kg vs. 453,097 kg) and 62% (101,016 kg vs. 162,262 kg) of biomass levels found in Lake Powell.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","usgsCitation":"Mueller, G., and Horn, M., 2004, Distribution and abundance of pelagic fish in Lake Powell, Utah, and Lake Mead, Arizona-Nevada: Western North American Naturalist, v. 64, no. 3, p. 306-311.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"306","endPage":"311","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14963,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41717378 "}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Lake Mead, Lake Powell","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.97467041015625,\n              35.991340960635405\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.9117431640625,\n              35.991340960635405\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.9117431640625,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.97467041015625,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.97467041015625,\n              35.991340960635405\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.72546386718749,\n              36.86204269508728\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.52520751953125,\n              36.86204269508728\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.52520751953125,\n              37.63380988687157\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.72546386718749,\n              37.63380988687157\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.72546386718749,\n              36.86204269508728\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a034","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, G.A.","contributorId":9205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horn, M.J.","contributorId":56607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026617,"text":"70026617 - 2004 - Chemical and carbon isotopic composition of dissolved organic carbon in a regional confined methanogenic aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026617","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2114,"text":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical and carbon isotopic composition of dissolved organic carbon in a regional confined methanogenic aquifer","docAbstract":"This study demonstrates the advantage of a combined use of chemical and isotopic tools to understand the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) cycle in a regional confined methanogenic aquifer. DOC concentration and carbon isotopic data demonstrate that the soil zone is a primary carbon source of groundwater DOC in areas close to recharge zones. An in-situ DOC source linked to organic rich sediments present in the aquifer matrix is controlling the DOC pool in the central part of the groundwater flow system. DOC fractions, 13C-NMR on fulvic acids and 14C data on DOC and CH4 support the hypothesis that the in-situ DOC source is a terrestrial organic matter and discard the Ordovician bedrock as a source of DOC. ?? 2004 Taylor and Francis Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/10256010410001671050","issn":"10256016","usgsCitation":"Aravena, R., Wassenaar, L., and Spiker, E., 2004, Chemical and carbon isotopic composition of dissolved organic carbon in a regional confined methanogenic aquifer: Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, v. 40, no. 2, p. 103-114, https://doi.org/10.1080/10256010410001671050.","startPage":"103","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208478,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10256010410001671050"},{"id":234241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f53ee4b0c8380cd4c12d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aravena, R.","contributorId":40387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aravena","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wassenaar, L.I.","contributorId":43541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wassenaar","given":"L.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spiker, E.C.","contributorId":103275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spiker","given":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026804,"text":"70026804 - 2004 - Three-dimensional local grid refinement for block-centered finite-difference groundwater models using iteratively coupled shared nodes: A new method of interpolation and analysis of errors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026804","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional local grid refinement for block-centered finite-difference groundwater models using iteratively coupled shared nodes: A new method of interpolation and analysis of errors","docAbstract":"This paper describes work that extends to three dimensions the two-dimensional local-grid refinement method for block-centered finite-difference groundwater models of Mehl and Hill [Development and evaluation of a local grid refinement method for block-centered finite-difference groundwater models using shared nodes. Adv Water Resour 2002;25(5):497-511]. In this approach, the (parent) finite-difference grid is discretized more finely within a (child) sub-region. The grid refinement method sequentially solves each grid and uses specified flux (parent) and specified head (child) boundary conditions to couple the grids. Iteration achieves convergence between heads and fluxes of both grids. Of most concern is how to interpolate heads onto the boundary of the child grid such that the physics of the parent-grid flow is retained in three dimensions. We develop a new two-step, \"cage-shell\" interpolation method based on the solution of the flow equation on the boundary of the child between nodes shared with the parent grid. Error analysis using a test case indicates that the shared-node local grid refinement method with cage-shell boundary head interpolation is accurate and robust, and the resulting code is used to investigate three-dimensional local grid refinement of stream-aquifer interactions. Results reveal that (1) the parent and child grids interact to shift the true head and flux solution to a different solution where the heads and fluxes of both grids are in equilibrium, (2) the locally refined model provided a solution for both heads and fluxes in the region of the refinement that was more accurate than a model without refinement only if iterations are performed so that both heads and fluxes are in equilibrium, and (3) the accuracy of the coupling is limited by the parent-grid size - A coarse parent grid limits correct representation of the hydraulics in the feedback from the child grid.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.06.004","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Mehl, S., and Hill, M.C., 2004, Three-dimensional local grid refinement for block-centered finite-difference groundwater models using iteratively coupled shared nodes: A new method of interpolation and analysis of errors: Advances in Water Resources, v. 27, no. 9, p. 899-912, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.06.004.","startPage":"899","endPage":"912","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209280,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.06.004"}],"volume":"27","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb330e4b08c986b325c34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehl, S.","contributorId":20114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026807,"text":"70026807 - 2004 - Spatial partitioning and asymmetric hybridization among sympatric coastal steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus), coastal cutthroat trout (O. clarki clarki) and interspecific hybrids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T15:34:14","indexId":"70026807","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial partitioning and asymmetric hybridization among sympatric coastal steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus), coastal cutthroat trout (O. clarki clarki) and interspecific hybrids","docAbstract":"<p>Hybridization between sympatric species provides unique opportunities to examine the contrast between mechanisms that promote hybridization and maintain species integrity. We surveyed hybridization between sympatric coastal steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus) and coastal cutthroat trout (O. clarki clarki) from two streams in Washington State, Olsen Creek (256 individuals sampled) and Jansen Creek (431 individuals sampled), over a 3-year period. We applied 11 O. mykiss-specific nuclear markers, 11 O. c. clarki-specific nuclear markers and a mitochondrial DNA marker to assess spatial partitioning among species and hybrids and determine the directionality of hybridization. F1 and post-F1 hybrids, respectively, composed an average of 1.2% and 33.6% of the population sampled in Jansen Creek, and 5.9% and 30.4% of the population sampled in Olsen Creek. A modest level of habitat partitioning among species and hybrids was detected. Mitochondrial DNA analysis indicated that all F 1 hybrids (15 from Olsen Creek and five from Jansen Creek) arose from matings between steelhead females and cutthroat males implicating a sneak spawning behaviour by cutthroat males. First-generation cutthroat backcrosses contained O. c. clarki mtDNA more often than expected suggesting natural selection against F1 hybrids. More hybrids were backcrossed toward cutthroat than steelhead and our results indicate recurrent hybridization within these creeks. Age analysis demonstrated that hybrids were between 1 and 4 years old. These results suggest that within sympatric salmonid hybrid zones, exogenous processes (environmentally dependent factors) help to maintain the distinction between parental types through reduced fitness of hybrids within parental environments while divergent natural selection promotes parental types through distinct adaptive advantages of parental phenotypes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02268.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Ostberg, C., Slatton, S., and Rodriguez, R.J., 2004, Spatial partitioning and asymmetric hybridization among sympatric coastal steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus), coastal cutthroat trout (O. clarki clarki) and interspecific hybrids: Molecular Ecology, v. 13, no. 9, p. 2773-2788, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02268.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2773","endPage":"2788","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209305,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02268.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.71611022949217,\n              48.37084770238363\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.63989257812499,\n              48.237022337975674\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.43321228027342,\n              48.11889235864144\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.30343627929688,\n              48.23747967660676\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.30343627929688,\n              48.272225451004324\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.57740783691405,\n              48.36856693556385\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.63714599609374,\n              48.377689389945736\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.65568542480467,\n              48.39091404578957\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.72366333007812,\n              48.38681020997078\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.72640991210938,\n              48.37175998050947\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.71611022949217,\n              48.37084770238363\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b948ee4b08c986b31ab71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ostberg, C.O.","contributorId":15361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostberg","given":"C.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slatton, S.L.","contributorId":26493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slatton","given":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodriguez, R. J.","contributorId":53107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026923,"text":"70026923 - 2004 - Improved spatial resolution for U-series dating of opal at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, using ion-microprobe and microdigestion methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70026923","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved spatial resolution for U-series dating of opal at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, using ion-microprobe and microdigestion methods","docAbstract":"Two novel methods of in situ isotope analysis, ion microprobe and microdigestion, were used for 230Th/U and 234U/238U dating of finely laminated opal hemispheres formed in unsaturated felsic tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, proposed site for a high-level radioactive waste repository. Both methods allow analysis of layers as many as several orders of magnitude thinner than standard methods using total hemisphere digestion that were reported previously. Average growth rates calculated from data at this improved spatial resolution verified that opal grew at extremely slow rates over the last million years. Growth rates of 0.58 and 0.69 mm/m.y. were obtained for the outer 305 and 740 ??m of two opal hemispheres analyzed by ion microprobe, and 0.68 mm/m.y. for the outer 22 ??m of one of these same hemispheres analyzed by sequential microdigestion. These Pleistocene growth rates are 2 to 10 times slower than those calculated for older secondary calcite and silica mineral coatings deposited over the last 5 to 10 m.y. dated by the U-Pb method and may reflect differences between Miocene and Pleistocene seepage flux. The microdigestion data also imply that opal growth rates may have varied over the last 40 k.y. These data are the first indication that growth rates and associated seepage in the proposed repository horizon may correlate with changes in late Pleistocene climate, involving faster growth during wetter, cooler climates (glacial maximum), slower growth during transition climates, and no growth during the most arid climate (modern). Data collected at this refined spatial scale may lead to a better understanding of the hydrologic variability expected within the thick unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain over the time scale of interest for radioactive waste isolation. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.022","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Paces, J., Neymark, L., Wooden, J.L., and Persing, H., 2004, Improved spatial resolution for U-series dating of opal at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, using ion-microprobe and microdigestion methods: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, no. 7, p. 1591-1606, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.022.","startPage":"1591","endPage":"1606","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209018,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.022"}],"volume":"68","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3965e4b0c8380cd618e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paces, J.B. 0000-0002-9809-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":27482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Persing, H.M.","contributorId":108275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Persing","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026747,"text":"70026747 - 2004 - Bioinvasive species and the preservation of cutthroat trout in the western United States: Ecological, social, and economic issues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026747","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1563,"text":"Environmental Science and Policy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioinvasive species and the preservation of cutthroat trout in the western United States: Ecological, social, and economic issues","docAbstract":"The cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) was the only endemic salmonid species across most of the western United States, and it has severely declined largely due to introduction and bioinvasion by non-native salmonid species. However, the ecological, social, and economic consequences of cutthroat trout declines and replacement by non-native salmonid species are relatively minor, and measurable affects on ecosystem function are rare. Restoration efforts for cutthroat trout involve removal or control of bioinvasive salmonid species, but such efforts are costly, ongoing, and resisted frequently by segments of society. Cutthroat trout declines are of little concern to much of the public because they are valued similarly to non-native salmonids, and non-native salmonid species frequently have higher recreational values. Due to the low values placed on cutthroat trout relative to non-native salmonid species, net economic benefits of preserving cutthroat trout are equal to or less than those for non-native salmonids. Cutthroat trout provide a classic case of the consequences of biological invasion; however, other native species are faced with similar issues. We suggest that management agencies establish realistic goals to preserve native species within the context of ecological, social, and economic issues. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Policy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2004.05.003","issn":"14629011","usgsCitation":"Quist, M., and Hubert, W., 2004, Bioinvasive species and the preservation of cutthroat trout in the western United States: Ecological, social, and economic issues: Environmental Science and Policy, v. 7, no. 4, p. 303-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2004.05.003.","startPage":"303","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208323,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2004.05.003"},{"id":233994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f15ce4b0c8380cd4ac06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quist, M.C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":62805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026555,"text":"70026555 - 2004 - Volatile organic compounds in ground water from rural private wells, 1986 to 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-27T16:53:57.158565","indexId":"70026555","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volatile organic compounds in ground water from rural private wells, 1986 to 1999","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected or compiled data on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in samples of untreated ground water from 1,926 rural private wells during 1986 to 1999. At least one VOC was detected in 12 percent of samples from rural private wells. Individual VOCs were not commonly detected with the seven most frequently detected compounds found in only 1 to 5 percent of samples at or above a concentration of 0.2 microgram per liter (<span>μg/l</span>). An assessment level of 0.2 <span>μg/l</span>&nbsp;was selected so that comparisons of detection frequencies between VOCs could be made. The seven most frequently detected VOCs were: trichloromethane, methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrachloroethene, dichlorodifluoromethane, methylbenzene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. Solvents and trihalomethanes were the most frequently detected VOC groups in private wells. The distributions of detections of gasoline oxygenates and fumigants seemed to be related to the use patterns of compounds in these groups. Mixtures were a common mode of occurrence of VOCs with one-quarter of all samples with detections including two or more VOCs. The concentrations of most detected VOCs were relatively small and only 1.4 percent of samples had one or more VOC concentrations that exceeded a federally established drinking water standard or health criterion.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01575.x","usgsCitation":"Moran, M., Lapham, W., Rowe, B., and Zogorski, J., 2004, Volatile organic compounds in ground water from rural private wells, 1986 to 1999: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 40, no. 5, p. 1141-1157, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01575.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1141","endPage":"1157","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2c3e4b08c986b32ad49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, M.J.","contributorId":7862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lapham, W.W.","contributorId":36583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapham","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowe, B.L.","contributorId":22384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zogorski, J.S.","contributorId":108201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026925,"text":"70026925 - 2004 - Use of a latitudinal gradient in bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) production to examine physiological controls of biotic boundaries and potential responses to environment change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026925","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of a latitudinal gradient in bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) production to examine physiological controls of biotic boundaries and potential responses to environment change","docAbstract":"Aim: Predictions of vegetation change with global warming require models that accurately reflect physiological processes underlying growth limitations and species distributions. However, information about environmental controls on physiology and consequent effects on species boundaries and ecosystem functions such as production is limited, especially for forested wetlands that are potentially important carbon sinks. Location: The bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) region of the south-eastern United States was studied to examine how production of an important forested wetland varies with latitude and temperature as well as local hydrology. Methods: We used published data to analyse litter production across a latitudinal gradient from 26.2 to 37.8?? N to determine how bald cypress swamps might respond to alternate climate conditions and what changes might occur throughout the distributional range. Results: Litterfall rates followed a bell shaped curve, indicating that production was more limited at the distributional boundaries (c. 225 g/m2 year-1) compared to the mid-range (795-1126 g/m2 year-1). This pattern suggests that conditions are sub-optimal near both boundaries and that the absence of populations outside this latitudinal range may be largely due to physiological constraints on the carbon balance of dominant species. While dispersal limitations cannot be totally discounted, competition with other wetland types at the extremes of the range does not seem likely to be important because the relative basal area of bald cypress does not decrease near the edges of the range. Impaired hydrology depressed production across the entire range, but more in the south than the north. Main conclusions: Our findings suggest that (1) physiological limitations constrain biotic boundaries of bald cypress swamps; (2) future changes in global temperature would affect litter production in a nonlinear manner across the distributional range; (3) local changes in hydrology may interact with climate to further reduce litter production, particularly at lower latitudes; and (4) southernmost forests could be extirpated if environmental conditions compromise carbon balance and water-use efficiency of trees. ?? 2004 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1466-822X.2004.00088.x","issn":"1466822X","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B., and McKee, K., 2004, Use of a latitudinal gradient in bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) production to examine physiological controls of biotic boundaries and potential responses to environment change: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 13, no. 3, p. 247-258, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-822X.2004.00088.x.","startPage":"247","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209043,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-822X.2004.00088.x"},{"id":235217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe95e4b08c986b329680","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, B.A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":89108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"B.A.","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":411660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, K.L. 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":77113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026876,"text":"70026876 - 2004 - Constraints of body size and swimming velocity on the ability of juvenile rainbow trout to endure periods without food","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026876","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints of body size and swimming velocity on the ability of juvenile rainbow trout to endure periods without food","docAbstract":"The hypothesis that body size and swimming velocity affect proximate body composition, wet mass and size-selective mortality of fasted fish was evaluated using small (107 mm mean total length, LT) and medium (168 mm mean LT) juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss that were sedentary or swimming (c. 1 or 2 body lengths-1) and fasted for 147 days. The initial amount of energy reserves in the bodies of fish varied with L T. Initially having less lipid mass and relatively higher mass-specific metabolic rates caused small rainbow trout that were sedentary to die of starvation sooner and more frequently than medium-length fish that were sedentary. Swimming at 2 body length s-1 slightly increased the rate of lipid catabolism relative to 1 body length s-1, but did not increase the occurrence of mortality among medium fish. Death from starvation occurred when fish had <3.2% lipid remaining in their bodies. Juvenile rainbow trout endured long periods without food, but their ability to resist death from starvation was limited by their length and initial lipid reserves. ?? 2004 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00471.x","issn":"00221112","usgsCitation":"Simpkins, D., Hubert, W., Martinez Del Rio, C., and Rule, D., 2004, Constraints of body size and swimming velocity on the ability of juvenile rainbow trout to endure periods without food: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 65, no. 2, p. 530-544, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00471.x.","startPage":"530","endPage":"544","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209283,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00471.x"},{"id":235575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa09e4b0c8380cd4d8c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpkins, D.G.","contributorId":80027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpkins","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martinez Del Rio, C.","contributorId":27654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez Del Rio","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rule, D.C.","contributorId":9826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rule","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026393,"text":"70026393 - 2004 - Effects of sediment characteristics on the toxicity of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) to the amphipod, Hyalella azteca","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026393","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of sediment characteristics on the toxicity of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) to the amphipod, Hyalella azteca","docAbstract":"We evaluated the influence of sediment characteristics, acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and organic matter (OM), on the toxicity of chromium (Cr) in freshwater sediments. We conducted chronic (28-42-d) toxicity tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca exposed to Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in water and in spiked sediments. Waterborne Cr(VI) caused reduced survival of amphipods with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 40 ??g/L. Cr(VI) spiked into test sediments with differing levels of AVS resulted in graded decreases in AVS and sediment OM. Only Cr(VI)-spiked sediments with low AVS concentrations (<1 ??mol/g) caused significant amphipod mortality. Waterborne Cr(III) concentrations near solubility limits caused decreased survival of amphipods at pH 7 and pH 8 but not at pH 6. Sediments spiked with high levels of Cr(III) did not affect amphipod survival but had minor effects on growth and inconsistent effects on reproduction. Pore waters of some Cr(III)-spiked sediments contained measurable concentrations of Cr(VI), but observed toxic effects did not correspond closely to Cr concentrations in sediment or pore waters. Our results indicate that risks of Cr toxicity are low in freshwater sediments containing substantial concentrations of AVS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es049715i","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Besser, J., Brumbaugh, W.G., Kemble, N., May, T., and Ingersoll, C., 2004, Effects of sediment characteristics on the toxicity of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) to the amphipod, Hyalella azteca: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 23, p. 6210-6216, https://doi.org/10.1021/es049715i.","startPage":"6210","endPage":"6216","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208395,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es049715i"},{"id":234123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07c2e4b0c8380cd51803","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Besser, J.M.","contributorId":91569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kemble, N.E.","contributorId":28028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026381,"text":"70026381 - 2004 - Uncertainty in low-flow data from three streamflow-gaging stations on the upper Verde River, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026381","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Uncertainty in low-flow data from three streamflow-gaging stations on the upper Verde River, Arizona","docAbstract":"The evaluation of uncertainty in low-flow data collected from three streamflow-gaging stations on the upper Verde River, Arizona, was presented. In downstream order, the stations are Verde River near Paulden, Verde River near Clarkdale, and Verde River near Camp Verde. A monitoring objective of the evaluation was to characterize discharge of the lower flow regime through a variety of procedures such as frequency analysis and base-flow analysis. For Verde River near Paulden and near Camp Verde, the uncertainty of daily low flows can be reduced by decreasing the uncertainty of discharge-measurement frequency, or building an artificial control that would have a stable stage-discharge relation over time.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2004 World Water and Environmetal Resources Congress: Critical Transitions in Water and Environmetal Resources Management","conferenceTitle":"2004 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress: Critical Transitions in Water and Environmental Resources Management","conferenceDate":"27 June 2004 through 1 July 2004","conferenceLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","language":"English","isbn":"0784407371","usgsCitation":"Anning, D., 2004, Uncertainty in low-flow data from three streamflow-gaging stations on the upper Verde River, Arizona, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 2004 World Water and Environmetal Resources Congress: Critical Transitions in Water and Environmetal Resources Management, Salt Lake City, UT, 27 June 2004 through 1 July 2004, p. 103-110.","startPage":"103","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc26e4b08c986b328a74","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sehlke G.Hayes D.F.Stevens D.K.","contributorId":128420,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Sehlke G.Hayes D.F.Stevens D.K.","id":536600,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Anning, D.W.","contributorId":6905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anning","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026717,"text":"70026717 - 2004 - The role of fire and fire management in the invasion of nonnative plants in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026717","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The role of fire and fire management in the invasion of nonnative plants in California","docAbstract":"Researchers with the U.S. Geological Survey seek to understand how fire and fire management strategies may be aiding the invasion of nonnative plants.","largerWorkTitle":"Park Science","language":"English","issn":"07359462","usgsCitation":"Merriam, K.E., McGinnis, T., and Keeley, J., 2004, The role of fire and fire management in the invasion of nonnative plants in California, <i>in</i> Park Science, v. 22, no. 2.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf6de4b08c986b3247ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merriam, K. E.","contributorId":66641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merriam","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGinnis, T.W.","contributorId":30949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGinnis","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026191,"text":"70026191 - 2004 - Critical swimming speeds of wild bull trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T15:18:57","indexId":"70026191","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Critical swimming speeds of wild bull trout","docAbstract":"<p>We estimated the critical swimming speeds (Ucrit) of wild bull trout at 6??, 11??, and 15??C in laboratory experiments. At 11??C, 5 fish ranging from 11 to 19 cm in length had a mean Ucrit of 48.24 cm/s or 3.22 body lengths per second (BL/s). Also at 11??C , 6 fish from 32 to 42 cm had a mean Ucrit of 73.99 cm/s or 2.05 BL/s. At 15??C, 5 fish from 14 to 23 cm had a mean Ucrit of 54.66 cm/s or 2.88 BL/s. No fish successfully swam at 6??C. Swim speed was significantly influenced by fish length. Many bull trout performed poorly in our enclosed respirometers: of 71 Ucrit tests we attempted, only the 16 described above were successful. Bull trout that refused to swim held station within tunnels by using their pectoral fins as depressors, or they rested and later became impinged against a downstream screen. Several common techniques did not stimulate consistent swimming activity in these fish. Our estimates of U crit for bull trout provide an understanding of their performance capacity and will be useful in modeling efforts aimed at improving fish passage structures. We recommend that fishway or culvert designers concerned with bull trout passage maintain velocities within their structures at or below our estimates of Ucrit, thus taking a conservative approach to ensuring that these fish can ascend migratory obstacles safely.</p>","language":"English","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Mesa, M., Weiland, L., and Zydlewski, G., 2004, Critical swimming speeds of wild bull trout: Northwest Science, v. 78, no. 1, p. 59-65.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"65","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcb1e4b0c8380cd4e3b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mesa, M.G.","contributorId":17386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiland, L.K.","contributorId":37493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiland","given":"L.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zydlewski, G.B.","contributorId":78119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026276,"text":"70026276 - 2004 - Simulating the dynamics of linear forests in Great Plains agroecosystems under changing climates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026276","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating the dynamics of linear forests in Great Plains agroecosystems under changing climates","docAbstract":"Most forest growth models are not suitable for the highly fragmented, linear (or linearly shaped) forests in the Great Plains agroecosystems (e.g., windbreaks, riparian forest buffers), where such forests are a minor but ecologically important component of the land mosaics. This study used SEEDSCAPE, a recently modified gap model designed for cultivated land mosaics in the Great Plains, to simulate the effects of climate change on the dynamics of such linear forests. We simulated the dynamics of windbreaks with different initial planting species richness and widths (light changes as the selected resulting factor) using current climate data and nested regional circulation models (RegCMs). Results indicated that (i) it took 70-80 simulation years for the linear forests to reach a steady state under both normal (present-day) and warming climates; (ii) warming climates would reduce total aboveground tree biomass and the spatial variation in biomass, but increase dominance in the linear forests, especially in the upland forests; (iii) linear forests with higher planting species richness and smaller width produced higher aboveground tree biomass per unit area; and (iv) the same species performed very differently with different climate scenarios, initial planting diversity, and forest widths. Although the model still needs further improvements (e.g., the effects of understory species should be included), the model can serve as a useful tool in modeling the succession of linear forests in human-dominated land mosaics under changing climates and may also have significant practical implications in other systems. ?? 2004 NRC Canada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/X04-138","issn":"00455067","usgsCitation":"Guo, Q., Brandle, J., Schoeneberger, M., and Buettner, D., 2004, Simulating the dynamics of linear forests in Great Plains agroecosystems under changing climates: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 34, no. 12, p. 2564-2572, https://doi.org/10.1139/X04-138.","startPage":"2564","endPage":"2572","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208614,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/X04-138"},{"id":234467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fd5e4b08c986b319178","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, Q.","contributorId":67039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandle, J.","contributorId":70575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandle","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoeneberger, M.","contributorId":51959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoeneberger","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buettner, D.","contributorId":69922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buettner","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026272,"text":"70026272 - 2004 - Four years of Landsat-7 on-orbit geometric calibration and performance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T10:57:06","indexId":"70026272","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Four years of Landsat-7 on-orbit geometric calibration and performance","docAbstract":"Unlike its predecessors, Landsat-7 has undergone regular geometric and radiometric performance monitoring and calibration since launch in April 1999. This ongoing activity, which includes issuing quarterly updates to calibration parameters, has generated a wealth of geometric performance data over the four-year on-orbit period of operations. A suite of geometric characterization (measurement and evaluation procedures) and calibration (procedures to derive improved estimates of instrument parameters) methods are employed by the Landsat-7 Image Assessment System to maintain the geometric calibration and to track specific aspects of geometric performance. These include geodetic accuracy, band-to-band registration accuracy, and image-to-image registration accuracy. These characterization and calibration activities maintain image product geometric accuracy at a high level - by monitoring performance to determine when calibration is necessary, generating new calibration parameters, and verifying that new parameters achieve desired improvements in accuracy. Landsat-7 continues to meet and exceed all geometric accuracy requirements, although aging components have begun to affect performance.","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2004.836769","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Lee, D., Storey, J.C., Choate, M., and Hayes, R.W., 2004, Four years of Landsat-7 on-orbit geometric calibration and performance: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 42, no. 12, p. 2786-2795, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.836769.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2786","endPage":"2795","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208595,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.836769"},{"id":234430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1399e4b0c8380cd546e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, D.S.","contributorId":50330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storey, James C. 0000-0002-6664-7232","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7232","contributorId":35505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Choate, M.J.","contributorId":41194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, R. W.","contributorId":105493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027049,"text":"70027049 - 2004 - Goals and strategies for estimating trends in landbird abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027049","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Goals and strategies for estimating trends in landbird abundance","docAbstract":"Reliable estimates of trends in population size are critical to effective management of landbirds. We propose a standard for considering that landbird populations are adequately monitored: 80% power to detect a 50% decline occuning within 20 years, using a 2-tailed test and a significance level of 0.10, and incorporating effects of potential bias. Our standard also requires that at least two-thirds of the target region be covered by the monitoring program. We recommend that the standard be achieved for species' entire ranges or for any area one-third the size of the temperate portions of Canada and the United States, whichever is smaller. We applied our approach to North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. At present, potential annual bias for the BBS is estimated at ??0.008. Further, the BBS achieves the monitoring standard for only about 42% of landbirds for which the BBS is considered the most effective monitoring approach. Achieving the proposed monitoring target for ???80% of these species would require increasing the number of BBS - or similar survey - routes by several-fold, a goal that probably is impractical. We suggest several methods for reducing potential bias and argue that if our methods are implemented, potential bias would fall to ??0.003. The required number of BBS or similar routes would then be 5,106, about 40% more than in the current BBS program. Most of the needed increases are in 15 states or provinces. Developing a comprehensive land-bird monitoring program will require increased support for coordination of the BBS (currently 2 people) and new programs for species that are poorly covered at present. Our results provide a quantitative goal for long-term land-bird monitoring and identify the sample sizes needed, within each state and province, to achieve the monitoring goal for most of the roughly 300 landbird species that are well suited to monitoring with the BBS and similar surveys.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0611:GASFET]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Bart, J., Burnham, K., Dunn, E.H., Francis, C., and John, R.C., 2004, Goals and strategies for estimating trends in landbird abundance: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 68, no. 3, p. 611-626, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0611:GASFET]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"611","endPage":"626","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209221,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0611:GASFET]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":235478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2972e4b0c8380cd5a96c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bart, J.","contributorId":76272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunn, Erica H.","contributorId":35841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Francis, C.M.","contributorId":29092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"John, Ralph C.","contributorId":26492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027249,"text":"70027249 - 2004 - Threatened fishes of the world: Noturus placidus Taylor, 1969 (Ictaluridae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T15:00:53","indexId":"70027249","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Threatened fishes of the world: Noturus placidus Taylor, 1969 (Ictaluridae)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022960.57494.0f","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Bryan, J.L., Wildhaber, M.L., and Noltie, D.B., 2004, Threatened fishes of the world: Noturus placidus Taylor, 1969 (Ictaluridae): Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 70, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022960.57494.0f.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"80","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209131,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022960.57494.0f"}],"volume":"70","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb2fde4b08c986b325afd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryan, Janice L.","contributorId":58589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wildhaber, Mark L. 0000-0002-6538-9083 mwildhaber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":1386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"Mark","email":"mwildhaber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noltie, Douglas B.","contributorId":70333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noltie","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}