No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20053135","usgsCitation":"Murdoch, P.S., McHale, M.R., Mast, M.A., and Clow, D.W., 2005, The U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Benchmark Network: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3135, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053135.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3135/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91188,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3135/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db6732df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S. 0000-0001-9243-505X pmurdoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9243-505X","contributorId":2453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter","email":"pmurdoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McHale, Michael R. 0000-0003-3780-1816 mmchale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3780-1816","contributorId":1735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHale","given":"Michael","email":"mmchale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174608,"text":"70174608 - 2005 - Preliminary results from a shallow water benthic grazing study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-10T13:30:52.692041","indexId":"70174608","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-06T03:30:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3914,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary results from a shallow water benthic grazing study","docAbstract":"The nutrient-rich, shallow waters of San Francisco Bay support high rates of primary production, limited not by nutrients but by light availability and benthic grazing (Alpine and others 1992; Cloern 1982). Phytoplankton blooms are an important food source for upper trophic levels. Consequently animal populations, such as fish, may suffer under conditions of high benthic bivalve grazing. It has been hypothesized that several species of fish are suffering as a result of severe decreases in available phytoplankton since the introduction of Potamocorbula amurensis into San Francisco Bay (Feyrer 2003).
\nThe extent of reduction in phytoplankton biomass by benthic bivalves is dependent on both physical and biological factors in addition to their spatial and temporal variability. Physical factors identified as important include: (1) vertical mixing rates, which are a function of wind velocity, currents, and bottom roughness; (2) suspended sediment concentrations; and (3) phytoplankton settling rates. The biological factors controlling the extent of phytoplankton grazing include animal density and organism size, pumping rate, food type and concentration, metabolic demands, assimilation efficiency, and behaviour (Wildish and Kristmanson 1997).
\nSeveral laboratory studies involving model and live clams have shown that benthic grazers can deplete phytoplankton in the water column (for example, Cole and others 1992). Initially, these studies assumed that the water column remained well mixed above benthic suspension feeders; therefore, parameters measured in the bulk water column were believed to be representative of available particle concentration. For this reason many relationships describing the influence of the bulk flow and bulk seston concentration on benthic grazers physiological processes exist (for example, Levinton 1991).
\nLaboratory measurements using live animals have shown that filtration rates vary with free stream velocity (for example, Levinton 1991). Increases in current speed lead to an increase in filtration rate; however, several studies have shown that filtration may cease at some critical current speed. It has been suggested that resuspension, occurring as a result of high current speeds, may be a factor that negatively affects uptake (Cloern 1987; Levinton 1991). Several mechanisms have been invoked to explain the effects of low speed on growth rates of active suspension feeders. These mechanisms include the formation of a concentration boundary layer and the limiting horizontal flux of seston. It is now accepted that a combination of these factors dictates the growth success of benthic grazers in a particular area.
\nSeveral field studies have shown that concentration boundary layers can form over benthic ecosystems (for example, Frechette and others 1989, Dolmer 2000); however, many of these studies have failed to measure the hydrodynamics needed to calculate benthic grazing rates. Furthermore, calculating benthic grazing rates with vertical measurements at a single point is problematic due to lack of knowledge of the horizontal gradients in seston (Thompson and others, forthcoming).
\nDespite great improvements in our knowledge on the effects of benthic grazers on seston concentrations in water columns, the effects of different hydrodynamic conditions on grazing rates has not been formulated. This makes it difficult to assess the system-wide effect of the benthic ecosystem on phytoplankton concentrations. Furthermore, it affects our ability to predict the potential success of a benthic species, such as the invasive clams Corbicula fluminea and Potamocorbula amurensis. This paper presents the preliminary results of a control volume approach to elucidate the effect of different hydrodynamic conditions on the grazing rates of Corbicula fluminea.
","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Ecological Program for the San Francisco Estuary","publisherLocation":"","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Jones, N., Monismith, S., and Thompson, J.K., 2005, Preliminary results from a shallow water benthic grazing study: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, v. 18, no. 1, p. 7-13.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325216,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Francisco","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.03314208984374,\n 37.14499280340638\n ],\n [\n -123.03314208984374,\n 38.30933576918588\n ],\n [\n -121.2506103515625,\n 38.30933576918588\n ],\n [\n -121.2506103515625,\n 37.14499280340638\n ],\n [\n -123.03314208984374,\n 37.14499280340638\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57876631e4b0d27deb36e1a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, N.L.","contributorId":19397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":57228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70004363,"text":"70004363 - 2005 - Late Quaternary history of the Atacama Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-10T10:17:59","indexId":"70004363","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-02T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Late Quaternary history of the Atacama Desert","docAbstract":"Of the major subtropical deserts found in the Southern Hemisphere, the Atacama Desert is the driest. Throughout the Quaternary, the most pervasive climatic influence on the desert has been millennial-scale changes in the frequency and seasonality of the scant rainfall, and associated shifts in plant and animal distributions with elevation along the eastern margin of the desert. Over the past six years, we have mapped modern vegetation gradients and developed a number of palaeoenvironmental records, including vegetation histories from fossil rodent middens, groundwater levels from wetland (spring) deposits, and lake levels from shoreline evidence, along a 1200-kilometre transect (16–26°S) in the Atacama Desert. A strength of this palaeoclimate transect has been the ability to apply the same methodologies across broad elevational, latitudinal, climatic, vegetation and hydrological gradients. We are using this transect to reconstruct the histories of key components of the South American tropical (summer) and extratropical (winter) rainfall belts, precisely at those elevations where average annual rainfall wanes to zero. The focus has been on the transition from sparse, shrubby vegetation (known as the prepuna) into absolute desert, an expansive hyperarid terrain that extends from just above the coastal fog zone (approximately 800 metres) to more than 3500 metres in the most arid sectors in the southern Atacama.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"23° S: Archaeology and Environmental History of the Southern Deserts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Museum of Australia Press","isbn":"1876944307","usgsCitation":"Latorre, C., Betancourt, J.L., Rech, J.A., Quade, J., Holmgren, C., Placzek, C., Maldonado, A., Vuille, M., and Rylander, K., 2005, Late Quaternary history of the Atacama Desert, chap. 6 of 23° S: Archaeology and Environmental History of the Southern Deserts, p. 73-90.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028825","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307995,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argetina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru","otherGeospatial":"Atacama Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.1572265625,\n -13.111580118251648\n ],\n [\n -76.201171875,\n -14.3069694978258\n ],\n [\n -74.92675781249999,\n -15.876809064146757\n ],\n [\n -73.564453125,\n -16.63619187839765\n ],\n [\n -71.103515625,\n -18.22935133838667\n ],\n [\n -70.7958984375,\n -20.509354588714576\n ],\n [\n -70.7958984375,\n -22.024545601240327\n ],\n [\n -70.9716796875,\n -24.206889622398023\n ],\n [\n -71.2353515625,\n -26.15543796871355\n ],\n [\n -70.1806640625,\n -26.03704188651583\n ],\n [\n -69.08203125,\n -25.720735134412095\n ],\n [\n -68.2470703125,\n -24.647017162630352\n ],\n [\n -67.7197265625,\n -23.40276490540795\n ],\n [\n -70.927734375,\n -16.46769474828897\n ],\n [\n -74.1796875,\n -14.136575651477932\n ],\n [\n -76.1572265625,\n -13.111580118251648\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f15830e4b0dacf699eb969","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Smith, Mike","contributorId":147460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571797,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hesse, Paul","contributorId":147461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hesse","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571798,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Latorre, Claudio","contributorId":94019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latorre","given":"Claudio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rech, Jason A.","contributorId":30730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rech","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quade, Jay","contributorId":22108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quade","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holmgren, Camille","contributorId":59924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmgren","given":"Camille","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Placzek, Christa","contributorId":80389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Placzek","given":"Christa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Maldonado, Antonio","contributorId":65707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maldonado","given":"Antonio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vuille, Mathias","contributorId":147457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vuille","given":"Mathias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rylander, Kate A.","contributorId":73324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rylander","given":"Kate A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70160047,"text":"70160047 - 2005 - Assessing climate change effects on mountain ecosystems using integrated models: A case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-09T14:58:26","indexId":"70160047","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-12T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Assessing climate change effects on mountain ecosystems using integrated models: A case study","docAbstract":"Mountain systems are characterized by strong environmental gradients, rugged topography and extreme spatial heterogeneity in ecosystem structure and composition. Consequently, most mountainous areas have relatively high rates of endemism and biodiversity, and function as species refugia in many areas of the world. Mountains have long been recognized as critical entities in regional climatic and hydrological dynamics but their importance as terrestrial carbon stores has only been recently underscored (Schimel et al. 2002; this volume). Mountain ecosystems, therefore, are globally important as well as unusually complex. These ecosystems challenge our ability to understand their dynamics and predict their response to climatic variability and global-scale environmental change.
\nTo meet this challenge, mountain scientists increasingly are modeling the vast array of relationships that comprise ecosystem dynamics. Dynamic modeling can examine the interactions between land management strategies and climatic change to develop appropriate responses to future human demands on mountain systems. Modeling provides spatially and temporally explicit, quantified results that can be validated in the field, thus providing feedback to our understanding of ecosystem dynamics. Modeling results, particularly maps and other visual tools, also give a concrete dimension to our understanding of the scale and magnitude of potential future changes. Modeling alerts scientists and land managers to apparently counter-intuitive outcomes of ecosystem responses to climate change or management decisions. For instance, in an early modeling exercise for northwest Montana, USA, Running and Nemani (1991) found that streamflow in a warmer future climate decreased by 30% in the Swan Range even when precipitation was increased by 10% in a particular climate change scenario. This unexpected response was due to enhanced forest growth, and increased evapotranspiration, resulting from the earlier snowmelt and extended growing season. There is a rich legacy of models that address climate and weather, hydrology, forest growth (e.g. gap dynamics and succession), forest fires (e.g. fuel loading) and land cover change (cf. Bugmann et al., this volume). Much less common, however, are attempts to fully integrate models from various disciplines to create a robust system that adequately addresses the entire range of ecosystem dynamics. In addition, fine-resolution modeling of entire mountain ranges (i.e. regional ecosystem scale) is not as common as global or continental scale modeling or watershed/catchment scale modeling. However, this is the scale that is germane to policy decisions such as in the western US and Canada, i.e. in those areas that contain most of the mountainous terrain of North America. This paper describes our efforts to implement an integrated regional modeling approach while characterizing potential future responses of a mountain ecosystem to climate change. Our study area was Glacier National Park in northwestern Montana, USA. Glacier Park is a 4082 km” mountain wilderness that straddles the continental divide and contains over 150 summits of up to 3150 m elevation in the Lewis and Livingston mountain ranges.
\n","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global change and mountain regions: An overview of current knowledge","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","usgsCitation":"Fagre, D.B., Running, S.W., Keane, R.E., and Peterson, D.L., 2005, Assessing climate change effects on mountain ecosystems using integrated models: A case study, chap. of Global change and mountain regions: An overview of current knowledge, p. 489-500.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"500","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312086,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springer.com/us/book/9781402035067"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56695ec2e4b08895842a1c71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Running, Steven W. 0000-0001-6906-3841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-3841","contributorId":53258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Running","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7089,"text":"University of Montana, Missoula, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keane, Robert E.","contributorId":73930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keane","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, David L.","contributorId":94643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12647,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006449,"text":"70006449 - 2005 - An evaluation of effects of groundwater exchange on nearshore habitats and water quality of western Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T09:50:41","indexId":"70006449","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-19T09:44:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of effects of groundwater exchange on nearshore habitats and water quality of western Lake Erie","docAbstract":"
Historically, the high potentiometric surface of groundwater in the Silurian/Devonian carbonate aquifer in Monroe County, MI resulted in discharge of highly mineralized, SO4-rich groundwater to the Lake Erie shoreline near both Erie State Game Area (ESGA) and Pointe Mouillee State Game Area (PMSGA). Recently, regional groundwater levels near PMSGA have been drawn down as much as 45 m below lake level in apparent response to quarry dewatering. From August to November of 2003, we conducted preliminary studies of groundwater flow dynamics and chemistry, shallow lake water chemistry, and fish and invertebrate communities at both sites. Consistent with regional observations, groundwater flow direction in the nearshore at ESGA was upward, or toward Lake Erie, and shallow nearshore groundwater chemistry was influenced by regional groundwater chemistry. In contrast, at PMSGA, the groundwater flow potential was downward and lake water, influenced by quarry discharge seeping downward into nearshore sediments, produced a different lake and shallow groundwater chemistry than at ESGA. Although the invertebrate and young fish community was similar at the two sites, taxonomic groups tolerant of degraded water quality were more prevalent at PMSGA. Sensitive taxa were more prevalent at ESGA. We propose a conceptual model, based on well-described models of groundwater/seawater interaction along coastal margins, to describe the interconnection among geologic, hydrologic, chemical, and biological processes in the different nearshore habitats of Lake Erie, and we identify processes that warrant further detailed study in the Great Lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(05)70289-6","usgsCitation":"Haack, S.K., Neff, B., Rosenberry, D.O., Savino, J.F., and Lundstrom, S.C., 2005, An evaluation of effects of groundwater exchange on nearshore habitats and water quality of western Lake Erie: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 31, p. 45-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(05)70289-6.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"63","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea4ae4b0c8380cd48769","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haack, Sheridan K. skhaack@usgs.gov","contributorId":1982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"Sheridan","email":"skhaack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neff, Brian P.","contributorId":27548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neff","given":"Brian P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Savino, Jacqueline F. jsavino@usgs.gov","contributorId":2213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savino","given":"Jacqueline","email":"jsavino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lundstrom, Scott C. 0000-0003-4149-2219 sclundst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4149-2219","contributorId":2446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundstrom","given":"Scott","email":"sclundst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047300,"text":"70047300 - 2005 - A history of the Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey: vol. VIII 1979-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-12T07:26:51","indexId":"70047300","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"A history of the Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey: vol. VIII 1979-94","docAbstract":"The mission of the Water Resources Division (WAD) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is to provide the hydrologic information and understanding needed for the optimum use and management of the Nation·s water resources for the overall benefit of the people of the United States.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/70047300","usgsCitation":"Blakey, J.F., Biesecker, J.E., Feltz, H.R., Kantrowitz, I.H., Yong, L.E., and and others, 2005, A history of the Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey: vol. VIII 1979-94, vi, 599 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70047300.","productDescription":"vi, 599 p.","numberOfPages":"606","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275599,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047300/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":288396,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047300/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8e05fe4b0cecbe8fa984c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakey, James F.","contributorId":65550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biesecker, James E.","contributorId":104042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biesecker","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feltz, Herman R.","contributorId":49104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feltz","given":"Herman","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kantrowitz, Irwin H.","contributorId":93472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kantrowitz","given":"Irwin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yong, Loren E.","contributorId":88634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yong","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"and others","contributorId":127886,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"and others","id":535570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5224601,"text":"5224601 - 2005 - Groundwater control of mangrove surface elevation: shrink and swell varies with soil depth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224601","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:51","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater control of mangrove surface elevation: shrink and swell varies with soil depth","docAbstract":"We measured monthly soil surface elevation change and determined its relationship to groundwater changes at a mangrove forest site along Shark River, Everglades National Park, Florida. We combined the use of an original design, surface elevation table with new rod-surface elevation tables to separately track changes in the mid zone (0?4 m), the shallow root zone (0?0.35 m), and the full sediment profile (0?6 m) in response to site hydrology (daily river stage and groundwater piezometric pressure). We calculated expansion and contraction for each of the four constituent soil zones (surface [accretion and erosion; above 0 m], shallow zone [0?0.35 m], middle zone [0.35?4 m], and bottom zone [4?6 m]) that comprise the entire soil column. Changes in groundwater pressure correlated strongly with changes in soil elevation for the entire profile (Adjusted R2 5 0.90); this relationship was not proportional to the depth of the soil profile sampled. The change in thickness of the bottom soil zone accounted for the majority (R2 5 0.63) of the entire soil profile expansion and contraction. The influence of hydrology on specific soil zones and absolute elevation change must be considered when evaluating the effect of disturbances, sea level rise, and water management decisions on coastal wetland systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/BF02696013","collaboration":"6480_Whelan.pdf","usgsCitation":"Whelan, K., Smith, T.J., Cahoon, D.R., Lynch, J., and Anderson, G., 2005, Groundwater control of mangrove surface elevation: shrink and swell varies with soil depth: Estuaries, v. 28, no. 6, p. 833-843, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02696013.","productDescription":"833-843","startPage":"833","endPage":"843","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17417,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02696013","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db641609","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whelan, K.R.T.","contributorId":11311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"K.R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, T. J. III","contributorId":24303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":65424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lynch, J.C.","contributorId":25104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, G.H.","contributorId":93601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224480,"text":"5224480 - 2005 - Investigating hydrologic alteration as a mechanism of fish assemblage shifts in urbanizing streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T10:48:00","indexId":"5224480","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:49","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating hydrologic alteration as a mechanism of fish assemblage shifts in urbanizing streams","docAbstract":"Stream biota in urban and suburban settings are thought to be impaired by altered hydrology; however, it is unknown what aspects of the hydrograph alter fish assemblage structure and which fishes are most vulnerable to hydrologic alterations in small streams. We quantified hydrologic variables and fish assemblages in 30 small streams and their subcatchments (area 8–20 km2) in the Etowah River Catchment (Georgia, USA). We stratified streams and their subcatchments into 3 landcover categories based on imperviousness (<10%, 10–20%, >20% of subcatchment), and then estimated the degree of hydrologic alteration based on synoptic measurements of baseflow yield. We derived hydrologic variables from stage gauges at each study site for 1 y (January 2003–2004). Increased imperviousness was positively correlated with the frequency of storm events and rates of the rising and falling limb of the hydrograph (i.e., storm “flashiness”) during most seasons. Increased duration of low flows associated with imperviousness only occurred during the autumn low-flow period, and this measure corresponded with increased richness of lentic tolerant species. Altered storm flows in summer and autumn were related to decreased richness of endemic, cosmopolitan, and sensitive fish species, and decreased abundance of lentic tolerant species. Species predicted to be sensitive to urbanization, based on specific life-history or habitat requirements, also were related to stormflow variables and % fine bed sediment in riffles. Overall, hydrologic variables explained 22 to 66% of the variation in fish assemblage richness and abundance. Linkages between hydrologic alteration and fish assemblages were potentially complicated by contrasting effects of elevated flows on sediment delivery and scour, and mediating effects of high stream gradient on sediment delivery from elevated flows. However, stormwater management practices promoting natural hydrologic regimes are likely to reduce the impacts of catchment imperviousness on stream fish assemblages.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1899/04-022.1","usgsCitation":"Roy, A., Freeman, M.C., Freeman, B.J., Wenger, S., Ensign, W., and Meyer, J., 2005, Investigating hydrologic alteration as a mechanism of fish assemblage shifts in urbanizing streams: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 24, no. 3, p. 656-678, https://doi.org/10.1899/04-022.1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"656","endPage":"678","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48bfe4b07f02db53a99f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roy, A.H.","contributorId":24065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, B. J.","contributorId":8031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wenger, S.J.","contributorId":51883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenger","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ensign, W.E.","contributorId":66382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ensign","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meyer, J.L.","contributorId":73316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5224457,"text":"5224457 - 2005 - Climate patterns as predictors of amphibians species richness and indicators of potential stress","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T10:45:08","indexId":"5224457","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:46","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":697,"text":"Alytes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate patterns as predictors of amphibians species richness and indicators of potential stress","docAbstract":"Amphibians occupy a range of habitats throughout the world, but species richness is greatest in regions with moist, warm climates. We modeled the statistical relations of anuran and urodele species richness with mean annual climate for the conterminous United States, and compared the strength of these relations at national and regional levels. Model variables were calculated for county and subcounty mapping units, and included 40-year (1960-1999) annual mean and mean annual climate statistics, mapping unit average elevation, mapping unit land area, and estimates of anuran and urodele species richness. Climate data were derived from more than 7,500 first-order and cooperative meteorological stations and were interpolated to the mapping units using multiple linear regression models. Anuran and urodele species richness were calculated from the United States Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) National Atlas for Amphibian Distributions. The national multivariate linear regression (MLR) model of anuran species richness had an adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.64 and the national MLR model for urodele species richness had an R2 value of 0.45. Stratifying the United States by coarse-resolution ecological regions provided models for anUrans that ranged in R2 values from 0.15 to 0.78. Regional models for urodeles had R2 values. ranging from 0.27 to 0.74. In general, regional models for anurans were more strongly influenced by temperature variables, whereas precipitation variables had a larger influence on urodele models.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W., Hay, L., McCabe, G., Nanjappa, P., and Gallant, A.L., 2005, Climate patterns as predictors of amphibians species richness and indicators of potential stress: Alytes, v. 22, no. 3-4, p. 146-167.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"146","endPage":"167","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa686","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, W.","contributorId":80388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, L.","contributorId":72103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCabe, G.","contributorId":77637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nanjappa, P.","contributorId":89247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanjappa","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":23508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224451,"text":"5224451 - 2005 - Correlates of vernal pool occurrence in the Massachusetts USA, landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T15:42:39.15594","indexId":"5224451","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:45","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlates of vernal pool occurrence in the Massachusetts USA, landscape","docAbstract":"Vernal pool wetlands are at risk of destruction across the northeast United States, due in part to their diminutive size and short hydroperiolds. These characteristics make it difficult to locate vernal pool habitats in the landscape during much of the year, and no efficient method exists for predicting their occurrence. A logistic regression procedure was used to identify large-scale variables that influence the presence of a potential vernal pool, including surficial geology, land use and land cover, soil classification, topography, precipitation, and surficial hydrologic features. The model was validated with locations of field-verified vernal pools. The model demonstrated that the probability of potential vernal pool occurrence is positively related to slope, negatively related to till/bedrock surficial geology, and negatively related to the proportion of cropland, urban/commercial, and high density residential development in the landscape. The relationship between vernal pool occurrence and large-scale variables suggests that these habitats do not occur at random in the landscape, and thus, protectionin situ should be considered.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/22","usgsCitation":"Campbell Grant, E.H., 2005, Correlates of vernal pool occurrence in the Massachusetts USA, landscape: Wetlands, v. 25, no. 2, p. 480-487, https://doi.org/10.1672/22.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"480","endPage":"487","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-70.827398,41.602067],[-70.823735,41.598569],[-70.820918,41.587673],[-70.821001,41.587268],[-70.821743,41.583656],[-70.82191,41.582841],[-70.830087,41.585385],[-70.837632,41.595374],[-70.838147,41.596056],[-70.838452,41.59646],[-70.834529,41.60261],[-70.832044,41.606504],[-70.831802,41.606272],[-70.828025,41.602666],[-70.827398,41.602067]]],[[[-70.59628,41.471905],[-70.57485,41.468259],[-70.567356,41.471208],[-70.56328,41.469127],[-70.553277,41.452955],[-70.552943,41.443394],[-70.555588,41.430882],[-70.553096,41.423952],[-70.547567,41.415831],[-70.538301,41.409241],[-70.528581,41.4051],[-70.517584,41.403769],[-70.506984,41.400242],[-70.502372,41.392005],[-70.501306,41.385391],[-70.498959,41.384339],[-70.490758,41.383634],[-70.484503,41.38629],[-70.472604,41.399128],[-70.473035,41.408757],[-70.470788,41.412875],[-70.463833,41.419145],[-70.450431,41.420703],[-70.446233,41.39648],[-70.449268,41.380422],[-70.448262,41.353651],[-70.451084,41.348161],[-70.496162,41.346452],[-70.538294,41.348958],[-70.599157,41.349272],[-70.709826,41.341723],[-70.733253,41.336226],[-70.747541,41.329952],[-70.764188,41.318706],[-70.768015,41.311959],[-70.766166,41.308962],[-70.768687,41.303702],[-70.775665,41.300982],[-70.802083,41.314207],[-70.819415,41.327212],[-70.838777,41.347209],[-70.833802,41.353386],[-70.812309,41.355745],[-70.800289,41.3538],[-70.783291,41.347829],[-70.774974,41.349176],[-70.768901,41.353246],[-70.729225,41.397728],[-70.724366,41.398942],[-70.712432,41.40885],[-70.711493,41.41546],[-70.701378,41.430925],[-70.686881,41.441334],[-70.64933,41.461068],[-70.603555,41.482384],[-70.598444,41.481151],[-70.59628,41.471905]]],[[[-70.092142,41.297741],[-70.082072,41.299093],[-70.062565,41.308726],[-70.046088,41.321651],[-70.031332,41.339332],[-70.028805,41.359919],[-70.030924,41.367453],[-70.035162,41.372161],[-70.038458,41.376399],[-70.045586,41.383598],[-70.049564,41.3879],[-70.049053,41.391702],[-70.033514,41.385816],[-70.018446,41.36863],[-69.960277,41.278731],[-69.960181,41.264546],[-69.964422,41.25457],[-69.965725,41.252466],[-69.975,41.247392],[-70.001586,41.239353],[-70.015225,41.237964],[-70.052807,41.242685],[-70.083239,41.2444],[-70.096967,41.24085],[-70.118669,41.242351],[-70.170681,41.255881],[-70.237175,41.282724],[-70.256164,41.288123],[-70.266776,41.294453],[-70.273478,41.301528],[-70.275526,41.310464],[-70.260632,41.310092],[-70.249276,41.305623],[-70.244435,41.303203],[-70.240153,41.295384],[-70.229541,41.290171],[-70.20869,41.290171],[-70.196304,41.294612],[-70.12446,41.293851],[-70.092142,41.297741]]],[[[-73.022903,42.741133],[-72.930261,42.73916],[-72.809113,42.736581],[-72.458519,42.726853],[-72.285954,42.721631],[-72.282981,42.721557],[-72.124526,42.717636],[-71.981402,42.713294],[-71.928811,42.712234],[-71.898716,42.71142],[-71.745817,42.707287],[-71.636214,42.704888],[-71.631814,42.704788],[-71.542533,42.702672],[-71.351874,42.698154],[-71.330206,42.69719],[-71.294205,42.69699],[-71.278929,42.711258],[-71.267905,42.72589],[-71.255605,42.736389],[-71.25518,42.73665],[-71.245504,42.742589],[-71.233404,42.745489],[-71.223904,42.746689],[-71.208302,42.743314],[-71.208227,42.743294],[-71.208137,42.743273],[-71.181803,42.73759],[-71.186104,42.790689],[-71.174403,42.801589],[-71.167703,42.807389],[-71.165603,42.808689],[-71.149703,42.815489],[-71.132503,42.821389],[-71.116048,42.817751],[-71.064201,42.806289],[-71.053601,42.833089],[-71.047501,42.844089],[-71.044401,42.848789],[-71.031201,42.859089],[-70.9665,42.868989],[-70.949199,42.876089],[-70.931699,42.884189],[-70.930799,42.884589],[-70.927629,42.885326],[-70.914899,42.886589],[-70.914886,42.886564],[-70.902768,42.88653],[-70.886136,42.88261],[-70.848625,42.860939],[-70.837376,42.864996],[-70.830795,42.868918],[-70.821769,42.87188],[-70.817296,42.87229],[-70.817731,42.850613],[-70.80522,42.781798],[-70.792867,42.747118],[-70.772267,42.711064],[-70.770453,42.704824],[-70.778552,42.69852],[-70.778671,42.693622],[-70.764421,42.68565],[-70.748752,42.683878],[-70.744427,42.682092],[-70.72982,42.669602],[-70.728845,42.663877],[-70.689402,42.653319],[-70.682594,42.654525],[-70.681594,42.662342],[-70.663548,42.677603],[-70.645101,42.689423],[-70.630077,42.692699],[-70.620031,42.688006],[-70.622864,42.67599],[-70.623815,42.665481],[-70.622791,42.660873],[-70.61482,42.65765],[-70.595474,42.660336],[-70.591742,42.648508],[-70.591469,42.639821],[-70.594014,42.63503],[-70.605611,42.634898],[-70.61842,42.62864],[-70.635635,42.600243],[-70.654727,42.582234],[-70.664887,42.580436],[-70.668022,42.581732],[-70.668115,42.585361],[-70.668488,42.589643],[-70.670442,42.592249],[-70.672583,42.594296],[-70.675747,42.594669],[-70.678819,42.594389],[-70.681428,42.593173],[-70.684502,42.588858],[-70.698574,42.577393],[-70.729688,42.57151],[-70.737044,42.576863],[-70.757283,42.570455],[-70.804091,42.561595],[-70.815391,42.554195],[-70.823291,42.551495],[-70.848492,42.550195],[-70.871382,42.546404],[-70.872357,42.542952],[-70.866279,42.522617],[-70.859751,42.520441],[-70.857125,42.521492],[-70.842091,42.519495],[-70.831091,42.503596],[-70.835991,42.490496],[-70.841591,42.487596],[-70.847391,42.491496],[-70.857791,42.490296],[-70.879692,42.478796],[-70.886493,42.470197],[-70.887992,42.467096],[-70.887292,42.464896],[-70.894292,42.460896],[-70.908092,42.466896],[-70.917693,42.467996],[-70.921993,42.466696],[-70.934993,42.457896],[-70.934264,42.444646],[-70.933155,42.437833],[-70.928226,42.430986],[-70.913192,42.427697],[-70.908392,42.425197],[-70.901992,42.420297],[-70.905692,42.416197],[-70.936393,42.418097],[-70.943295,42.436248],[-70.943612,42.452092],[-70.94702,42.456236],[-70.96047,42.446166],[-70.960647,42.443787],[-70.960835,42.441272],[-70.982994,42.423996],[-70.987694,42.416696],[-70.990595,42.407098],[-70.989195,42.402598],[-70.985068,42.402041],[-70.983426,42.396246],[-70.980336,42.391513],[-70.972706,42.389968],[-70.970195,42.388036],[-70.97174,42.387071],[-70.972513,42.385042],[-70.972706,42.381759],[-70.972223,42.377316],[-70.960798,42.360648],[-70.953292,42.349698],[-70.953022,42.343973],[-70.963578,42.34686],[-70.972418,42.353875],[-70.974897,42.355843],[-70.979927,42.356382],[-70.982282,42.35592],[-70.998253,42.352788],[-71.006877,42.347039],[-71.010146,42.339234],[-71.011804,42.335274],[-71.01568,42.326019],[-71.013165,42.315419],[-71.005399,42.307196],[-71.000948,42.302483],[-71.006158,42.28811],[-71.0049,42.28272],[-70.996097,42.271222],[-70.98909,42.267449],[-70.967351,42.268168],[-70.948971,42.272505],[-70.945547,42.269081],[-70.935886,42.264189],[-70.923169,42.263211],[-70.910941,42.265412],[-70.906302,42.271636],[-70.896267,42.2851],[-70.895778,42.292436],[-70.897123,42.29586],[-70.915588,42.302463],[-70.91749,42.305686],[-70.907556,42.307889],[-70.882764,42.30886],[-70.881242,42.300663],[-70.870873,42.285668],[-70.861807,42.275965],[-70.851093,42.26827],[-70.831075,42.267424],[-70.824661,42.265935],[-70.811742,42.262935],[-70.788724,42.25392],[-70.780722,42.251792],[-70.770964,42.249197],[-70.764757,42.244062],[-70.754488,42.228673],[-70.74723,42.221816],[-70.73056,42.21094],[-70.722269,42.207959],[-70.718707,42.184853],[-70.714301,42.168783],[-70.706264,42.163137],[-70.685315,42.133025],[-70.663931,42.108336],[-70.640169,42.088633],[-70.63848,42.081579],[-70.647349,42.076331],[-70.64819,42.068441],[-70.643208,42.050821],[-70.644337,42.045895],[-70.650874,42.046247],[-70.66936,42.037116],[-70.671666,42.02139],[-70.667512,42.01232],[-70.670934,42.007786],[-70.678798,42.00551],[-70.686798,42.012764],[-70.695809,42.013346],[-70.712204,42.007586],[-70.710034,41.999544],[-70.698981,41.987103],[-70.662476,41.960592],[-70.651673,41.958701],[-70.648365,41.961672],[-70.631251,41.950475],[-70.623513,41.943273],[-70.616491,41.940204],[-70.608166,41.940701],[-70.598078,41.947772],[-70.583572,41.950007],[-70.552941,41.929641],[-70.546386,41.916751],[-70.54741,41.911934],[-70.545949,41.907158],[-70.532084,41.889568],[-70.525567,41.85873],[-70.535487,41.839381],[-70.542065,41.831263],[-70.543168,41.824446],[-70.54103,41.815754],[-70.537289,41.810859],[-70.532656,41.804796],[-70.517411,41.790953],[-70.494048,41.773883],[-70.471552,41.761563],[-70.412476,41.744397],[-70.375341,41.738779],[-70.290957,41.734312],[-70.275203,41.726143],[-70.272289,41.721346],[-70.263654,41.714115],[-70.259205,41.713954],[-70.23485,41.733733],[-70.216073,41.742981],[-70.189254,41.751982],[-70.182076,41.750885],[-70.141533,41.760072],[-70.121978,41.758841],[-70.096061,41.766549],[-70.064314,41.772845],[-70.024734,41.787364],[-70.008462,41.800786],[-70.003842,41.80852],[-70.004486,41.838826],[-70.009013,41.876625],[-70.000188,41.886938],[-70.002922,41.890315],[-70.012154,41.891656],[-70.024335,41.89882],[-70.025553,41.911699],[-70.030537,41.929154],[-70.044995,41.930049],[-70.054464,41.927366],[-70.065671,41.911658],[-70.065723,41.899641],[-70.065372,41.887702],[-70.064084,41.878924],[-70.066002,41.877011],[-70.067566,41.877793],[-70.070889,41.882973],[-70.073039,41.899783],[-70.074006,41.93865],[-70.077421,41.985497],[-70.083775,42.012041],[-70.089578,42.024896],[-70.095595,42.032832],[-70.10806,42.043601],[-70.123043,42.051668],[-70.148294,42.06195],[-70.155415,42.062409],[-70.169781,42.059736],[-70.178468,42.05642],[-70.186816,42.05045],[-70.194456,42.03947],[-70.195345,42.034163],[-70.193074,42.027576],[-70.186295,42.021308],[-70.186708,42.019904],[-70.190834,42.020028],[-70.196693,42.022429],[-70.208016,42.03073],[-70.218701,42.045848],[-70.233256,42.057714],[-70.238875,42.060479],[-70.24354,42.060569],[-70.245385,42.063733],[-70.238087,42.072878],[-70.225626,42.078601],[-70.206899,42.0819],[-70.189305,42.082337],[-70.160166,42.078628],[-70.115968,42.067638],[-70.082624,42.054657],[-70.058531,42.040363],[-70.033501,42.017736],[-70.011898,41.98972],[-69.986085,41.949597],[-69.968598,41.9117],[-69.945314,41.845222],[-69.935952,41.809422],[-69.928652,41.74125],[-69.928261,41.6917],[-69.933114,41.670014],[-69.947599,41.645394],[-69.951169,41.640799],[-69.958272,41.639429],[-69.963234,41.633794],[-69.967869,41.627503],[-69.976478,41.603664],[-69.982768,41.581812],[-69.988215,41.554704],[-69.998071,41.54365],[-70.004136,41.54212],[-70.011504,41.542924],[-70.014456,41.545534],[-70.016584,41.550772],[-70.015059,41.553037],[-70.010644,41.552692],[-70.00153,41.561953],[-69.994357,41.576846],[-69.987192,41.608579],[-69.973035,41.641046],[-69.973153,41.646963],[-69.975719,41.653738],[-69.996359,41.667184],[-70.007011,41.671579],[-70.014211,41.671971],[-70.029346,41.667744],[-70.055523,41.664843],[-70.089238,41.662813],[-70.140877,41.650423],[-70.158621,41.650438],[-70.191061,41.645259],[-70.245867,41.628479],[-70.25621,41.620698],[-70.25542,41.617541],[-70.259601,41.610863],[-70.265424,41.609333],[-70.267587,41.610912],[-70.269687,41.617775],[-70.26913,41.625742],[-70.274522,41.632927],[-70.28132,41.635125],[-70.29062,41.635196],[-70.321588,41.630508],[-70.329924,41.634578],[-70.338067,41.636338],[-70.351634,41.634687],[-70.360352,41.631069],[-70.364892,41.626721],[-70.364744,41.623671],[-70.369854,41.615888],[-70.379151,41.611361],[-70.400581,41.606382],[-70.408535,41.607345],[-70.437246,41.605329],[-70.445289,41.591815],[-70.461278,41.57182],[-70.476256,41.558502],[-70.485571,41.554244],[-70.493244,41.552044],[-70.522327,41.548965],[-70.559689,41.54833],[-70.611081,41.542989],[-70.633607,41.538254],[-70.643627,41.532357],[-70.654104,41.519025],[-70.663856,41.514031],[-70.669518,41.513339],[-70.675379,41.512623],[-70.705181,41.496677],[-70.734306,41.486335],[-70.757171,41.469917],[-70.756481,41.465977],[-70.760863,41.460947],[-70.79027,41.446339],[-70.817478,41.445562],[-70.835867,41.441877],[-70.857528,41.425767],[-70.866946,41.422378],[-70.902763,41.421061],[-70.928197,41.415781],[-70.937282,41.411618],[-70.948431,41.409193],[-70.951045,41.411777],[-70.949861,41.415323],[-70.928165,41.431265],[-70.923698,41.430716],[-70.918983,41.4253],[-70.91164,41.424484],[-70.906011,41.425708],[-70.883247,41.432239],[-70.855265,41.448892],[-70.828546,41.456448],[-70.802186,41.460864],[-70.787769,41.474609],[-70.775268,41.477465],[-70.753905,41.492256],[-70.745053,41.500966],[-70.6948,41.52564],[-70.658659,41.543385],[-70.654302,41.549926],[-70.655365,41.557498],[-70.653899,41.56516],[-70.64878,41.56987],[-70.642748,41.572385],[-70.640948,41.577325],[-70.64204,41.583066],[-70.652449,41.60521],[-70.651986,41.610184],[-70.640003,41.624616],[-70.645251,41.633547],[-70.652614,41.637829],[-70.650419,41.644202],[-70.638695,41.649427],[-70.637632,41.654573],[-70.646308,41.678433],[-70.649285,41.680943],[-70.661475,41.681756],[-70.645962,41.693794],[-70.62544,41.698691],[-70.623652,41.707398],[-70.626529,41.712995],[-70.642914,41.71841],[-70.644641,41.71898],[-70.651093,41.715715],[-70.656596,41.715401],[-70.670453,41.721912],[-70.708193,41.730959],[-70.718739,41.73574],[-70.726331,41.732731],[-70.728933,41.723433],[-70.721302,41.712968],[-70.717451,41.69398],[-70.719575,41.685002],[-70.729395,41.68814],[-70.744396,41.696967],[-70.755347,41.694326],[-70.761481,41.676808],[-70.76236,41.667735],[-70.758198,41.661225],[-70.757622,41.654265],[-70.765463,41.641575],[-70.769318,41.641145],[-70.773654,41.645033],[-70.775798,41.649145],[-70.776709,41.650756],[-70.809118,41.656437],[-70.813286,41.65567],[-70.815729,41.652796],[-70.816351,41.645995],[-70.804664,41.641157],[-70.800215,41.631753],[-70.801063,41.629513],[-70.810279,41.624873],[-70.835296,41.624532],[-70.843177,41.628487],[-70.843522,41.62866],[-70.843528,41.628663],[-70.844165,41.628983],[-70.852518,41.626919],[-70.855031,41.624283],[-70.855162,41.624145],[-70.854232,41.618429],[-70.854211,41.618302],[-70.853445,41.613592],[-70.850181,41.593529],[-70.85222,41.589223],[-70.852488,41.588658],[-70.852551,41.588526],[-70.853121,41.587321],[-70.85324,41.587332],[-70.857239,41.587705],[-70.862852,41.600678],[-70.862998,41.601014],[-70.863486,41.602143],[-70.868501,41.613733],[-70.868904,41.614664],[-70.86836,41.622664],[-70.869624,41.625608],[-70.872665,41.627816],[-70.87904,41.629777],[-70.887643,41.632422],[-70.889209,41.632904],[-70.88926,41.632875],[-70.889594,41.632685],[-70.904513,41.624205],[-70.905765,41.623494],[-70.913202,41.619266],[-70.904522,41.610361],[-70.899981,41.593504],[-70.901381,41.592504],[-70.910814,41.595506],[-70.916581,41.607483],[-70.920074,41.61081],[-70.927172,41.611253],[-70.929722,41.609479],[-70.93,41.600441],[-70.927393,41.594064],[-70.931338,41.5842],[-70.937978,41.577416],[-70.941588,41.581034],[-70.946911,41.581089],[-70.948797,41.579038],[-70.9473,41.573659],[-70.93783,41.565239],[-70.931545,41.540169],[-70.941785,41.540121],[-70.979225,41.530427],[-70.983354,41.520616],[-71.003275,41.511912],[-71.019354,41.508857],[-71.035514,41.499047],[-71.058418,41.505967],[-71.085663,41.509292],[-71.12057,41.497448],[-71.1224,41.522156],[-71.131312,41.592308],[-71.131618,41.593918],[-71.137492,41.602561],[-71.138599,41.60347],[-71.140588,41.605102],[-71.14091,41.607405],[-71.141509,41.616076],[-71.140468,41.623893],[-71.135688,41.628402],[-71.134484,41.641198],[-71.134478,41.641262],[-71.13267,41.658744],[-71.132888,41.660102],[-71.134688,41.660502],[-71.135188,41.660502],[-71.14587,41.662795],[-71.153989,41.664102],[-71.17609,41.668102],[-71.17609,41.668502],[-71.17599,41.671402],[-71.18129,41.672502],[-71.191175,41.674292],[-71.191178,41.674216],[-71.194384,41.674803],[-71.19564,41.67509],[-71.224798,41.710498],[-71.225709,41.711603],[-71.261392,41.752301],[-71.31779,41.776099],[-71.317795,41.776101],[-71.327896,41.780501],[-71.329396,41.7826],[-71.329296,41.7868],[-71.332196,41.7923],[-71.333896,41.7945],[-71.335797,41.7948],[-71.339297,41.7963],[-71.340697,41.7983],[-71.340797,41.8002],[-71.339297,41.8044],[-71.339297,41.8065],[-71.338897,41.8083],[-71.339197,41.809],[-71.347197,41.8231],[-71.344897,41.828],[-71.339597,41.832],[-71.337597,41.8337],[-71.335197,41.8355],[-71.341797,41.8437],[-71.342198,41.8448],[-71.333997,41.8623],[-71.340798,41.8816],[-71.339298,41.893399],[-71.339298,41.893599],[-71.338698,41.898399],[-71.352699,41.896699],[-71.354699,41.896499],[-71.362499,41.895599],[-71.364699,41.895399],[-71.365399,41.895299],[-71.370999,41.894599],[-71.373799,41.894399],[-71.3766,41.893999],[-71.3817,41.893199],[-71.3817,41.922699],[-71.3816,41.922899],[-71.381401,41.964799],[-71.381501,41.966699],[-71.381466,41.984998],[-71.381401,42.018798],[-71.458104,42.017762],[-71.498258,42.01722],[-71.499905,42.017198],[-71.500905,42.017098],[-71.527306,42.015098],[-71.527606,42.014998],[-71.559439,42.014342],[-71.576908,42.014098],[-71.76601,42.009745],[-71.799242,42.008065],[-71.80065,42.023569],[-71.89078,42.024368],[-71.987326,42.02688],[-72.063496,42.027347],[-72.102162,42.028899],[-72.135687,42.030245],[-72.135715,42.030245],[-72.249523,42.031626],[-72.317148,42.031907],[-72.45668,42.033999],[-72.509192,42.034217],[-72.528131,42.034295],[-72.573231,42.030141],[-72.582332,42.024695],[-72.590233,42.024695],[-72.606933,42.024995],[-72.607933,42.030795],[-72.643134,42.032395],[-72.695927,42.036788],[-72.714134,42.036608],[-72.755838,42.036195],[-72.757538,42.033295],[-72.753538,42.032095],[-72.751738,42.030195],[-72.754038,42.025395],[-72.757467,42.020947],[-72.758151,42.020865],[-72.760558,42.021846],[-72.762151,42.021527],[-72.76231,42.019775],[-72.761354,42.018183],[-72.759738,42.016995],[-72.761238,42.014595],[-72.763238,42.012795],[-72.763265,42.009742],[-72.766139,42.007695],[-72.766739,42.002995],[-72.774757,42.002129],[-72.816741,41.997595],[-72.813541,42.036494],[-72.847142,42.036894],[-72.863619,42.037709],[-72.863733,42.03771],[-72.999549,42.038653],[-73.008745,42.03886],[-73.053254,42.039861],[-73.127276,42.041964],[-73.229798,42.044877],[-73.231056,42.044945],[-73.293097,42.04694],[-73.29442,42.046984],[-73.432812,42.050587],[-73.487314,42.049638],[-73.496879,42.049675],[-73.508142,42.086257],[-73.352527,42.510002],[-73.264957,42.74594],[-73.022903,42.741133]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Massachusetts\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684643","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":341715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224426,"text":"5224426 - 2005 - Stream salamander species richness and abundance in relation to environmental factors in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T08:44:44","indexId":"5224426","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:44","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream salamander species richness and abundance in relation to environmental factors in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia","docAbstract":"Stream salamanders are sensitive to acid mine drainage and may be sensitive to acidification and low acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) of a watershed. Streams in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, are subject to episodic acidification from precipitation events. We surveyed 25 m by 2 m transects located on the stream bank adjacent to the water channel in Shenandoah National Park for salamanders using a stratified random sampling design based on elevation, aspect and bedrock geology. We investigated the relationships of four species (Eurycea bislineata, Desmognathus fuscus, D. monticola and Gyrinophilus porphyriticus) to habitat and water quality variables. We did not find overwhelming evidence that stream salamanders are affected by the acid-base status of streams in Shenandoah National Park. Desmognathus fuscus and D. monticola abundance was greater both in streams that had a higher potential to neutralize acidification, and in higher elevation (>700 m) streams. Neither abundance of E. bislineata nor species richness were related to any of the habitat variables. Our sampling method preferentially detected the adult age class of the study species and did not allow us to estimate population sizes. We suggest that continued monitoring of stream salamander populations in SNP will determine the effects of stream acidification on these taxa.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2005)153[0348:SSSRAA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Campbell Grant, E., Jung, R.E., and Rice, K.C., 2005, Stream salamander species richness and abundance in relation to environmental factors in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: American Midland Naturalist, v. 153, no. 2, p. 348-356, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2005)153[0348:SSSRAA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"348","endPage":"356","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.20068359374999,\n 38.6275996886131\n ],\n [\n -78.1512451171875,\n 38.7283759182398\n ],\n [\n -78.12103271484375,\n 38.76693348394693\n ],\n [\n -78.1182861328125,\n 38.86109762182888\n ],\n [\n -78.19244384765625,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -78.25286865234375,\n 38.86965182408357\n ],\n [\n -78.24188232421875,\n 38.83756825896614\n ],\n [\n -78.30230712890624,\n 38.841846903808985\n ],\n [\n -78.3929443359375,\n 38.77121637244273\n ],\n [\n -78.4259033203125,\n 38.713375686254714\n ],\n [\n -78.3984375,\n 38.638327308061875\n ],\n [\n -78.4918212890625,\n 38.55031345037904\n ],\n [\n -78.5577392578125,\n 38.567495358827344\n ],\n [\n -78.59344482421875,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -78.55224609374999,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -78.607177734375,\n 38.41271038284709\n ],\n [\n -78.71429443359375,\n 38.33088431959971\n ],\n [\n -78.80218505859375,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -78.826904296875,\n 38.21012996629426\n ],\n [\n -78.82965087890625,\n 38.13239618602294\n ],\n [\n -78.82415771484375,\n 38.07404145941957\n ],\n [\n -78.70330810546875,\n 38.1237539824224\n ],\n [\n -78.695068359375,\n 38.201496974020806\n ],\n [\n -78.56597900390625,\n 38.28131307922966\n ],\n [\n -78.45611572265625,\n 38.34381037525605\n ],\n [\n -78.37921142578125,\n 38.371808917147554\n ],\n [\n -78.3544921875,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -78.31054687499999,\n 38.50948995925553\n ],\n [\n -78.23638916015625,\n 38.55031345037904\n ],\n [\n -78.23638916015625,\n 38.59326051987162\n ],\n [\n -78.20068359374999,\n 38.6275996886131\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}\n","volume":"153","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a510a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":23233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jung, Robin E.","contributorId":22434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70204260,"text":"70204260 - 2005 - Implications of global climatic change and energy cost and availability for the restoration of the Mississippi delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-16T12:12:27","indexId":"70204260","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-10T12:02:30","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of global climatic change and energy cost and availability for the restoration of the Mississippi delta","docAbstract":"Over the past several thousand years, inputs from the Mississippi River formed the Mississippi delta, an area of about 25,000 km2. Over the past century, however, there has been a high loss of coastal wetlands of about 4800 km2. The main causes of this loss are the near complete isolation of the river from the delta, mostly due to the construction of flood control levees, and pervasive hydrological disruption of the deltaic plain. There is presently a large-scale State-Federal program to restore the delta that includes construction of water control structures in the flood control levees to divert river water into deteriorating wetlands and pumping of dredged sediment, often for long distances, for marsh creation. Global climate change and decreasing availability and increasing cost of energy are likely to have important implications for delta restoration. Coastal restoration efforts will have to be more intensive to offset the impacts of climate change including accelerated sea level rise and changes in precipitation patterns. Future coastal restoration efforts should also focus on less energy-intensive, ecologically engineered management techniques that use the energies of nature as much as possible. Diversions may be as important for controlling salinity as for providing sediments and nutrients for restoring coastal wetlands. Energy-intensive pumping-dredged sediments for coastal restoration will likely become much more expensive in the future.
Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
This set of maps and geohydrologic sections depict the geology and hydrology of valley-fill aquifers in the 14-mile reach of the Chenango River valley between the Village of Greene and the area south of Chenango Valley State Park, N.Y. This map report depicts the aquifers; locations of domestic, production, and test wells; surficial geology; water-table altitude; potentiometric-surface altitude; generalized saturated thickness of the unconfined (water-table) aquifer; generalized thickness of the confined aquifer; and includes three geohydrologic sections.
\nThe valley fill in the Chenango River valley consists primarily of (1) glaciofluvial deposits comprised of stratified coarse-grained sediment (sand and gravel) that were deposited by meltwater streams flowing on, below, and in front of the glacier; (2) lacustrine sediments consisting of stratified fine-grained sediment (very fine sand, silt, and clay) that were deposited in proglacial lakes that formed at the front of a glacier; and (3) recent alluvium consisting of alluvial fan deposits (sand, silt, and gravel), floodplain sediments (fine-to-medium sand and silt), and channel deposits (sand and gravel).
\nThe Chenango River valley contains an unconfined valley-fill aquifer throughout much of the study area, and a confined valley-fill aquifer in the area between the northern edge of the Chenango Valley State Park and the Village of Greene. The unconfined aquifer consists predominantly of alluvial and outwash sand and gravel. The water table was mapped using water-level measurements obtained from wells completed in the unconfined aquifer, and from altitudes of lakes, ponds, and streams as indicated on U.S. Geological Survey 1:24,000-scale topographic maps. The depth to the water table typically ranges from 5 to 15 feet below land surface, but can locally be as much as 100 feet, such as in the ice-contact deposits in the Chenango Valley State Park.
\nThe confined aquifer is widely used by people living and working in the Chenango River valley. The confined aquifer consists of ice-contact sand and gravel, typically overlies bedrock, and underlies a confining unit consisting of lacustrine fine sand, silt, and clay. The confining unit is typically more than 100 feet thick in the central parts of the valley between Greene Landing Field and along the northern edge of the Chenango Valley State Park. The thickness of the confined aquifer is more than 40 feet near the Greene Landing Field.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim2914","usgsCitation":"Hetcher-Aguila, K.K., and Miller, T.S., 2005, Geohydrology of the Valley-Fill Aquifers between the Village of Greene, Chenango County and Chenango Valley State Park, Broome County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2914, 8 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2914.","productDescription":"8 Plates","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323534,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2914/sim2914_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1 - Introduction and location of study area, orig. size 20\"x30\"","size":"736 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 2914"},{"id":323535,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2914/sim2914_plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2 - Location of selected wells and test holes, orig. size 36\"x30\"","size":"8.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 2914"},{"id":323536,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2914/sim2914_plate3.pdf","text":"Plate 3 - Surficial geology, orig. size 20\"x30\"","size":"8.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 2914"},{"id":323537,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2914/sim2914_plate4.pdf","text":"Plate 4 - Generalized water-table altitude, orig. size 20\"x30\"","size":"7.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":323538,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2914/sim2914_plate5.pdf","text":"Plate 5 - Generalized potentiometric-surface altitude in the confined aquifer, orig. size 20\"x30\"","size":"7.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 2914"},{"id":323539,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2914/sim2914_plate6.pdf","text":"Plate 6 - Generalized saturated thickness of the unconfined aquifer, orig. size 20\"x30\"","size":"7.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 2914"},{"id":323540,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2914/sim2914_plate7.pdf","text":"Plate 7 - Generalized thickness of the confined aquifer, orig. size 20\"x30\"","size":"7.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 2914"},{"id":323541,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2914/sim2914_plate8.pdf","text":"Plate 8 - Generalized geohydrologic sections, orig. size 30\"x20\"","size":"1.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 2914"},{"id":190591,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2914/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":326258,"rank":10,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2914/readme.txt","text":"README.TXT - Important CD-ROM end-user information","size":"3.60 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIM 2914"}],"scale":"24000","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
The headwaters of the John River are located near the village ofAnaktuvuk Pass in the central Brooks Range of interior Alaska. With the recent construction of a water-supply system and a wastewater-treatment plant, most homes in Anaktuvuk Pass now have modern water and wastewater systems. The effluent from the treatment plant discharges into a settling pond near a tributary of the John River. The headwaters of the John River are adjacent to Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, and the John River is a designated Wild River. Due to the concern about possible water-quality effects from the wastewater effluent, the hydrology of the John River near Anaktuvuk Pass was studied from 2002 through 2003. Three streams form the John River atAnaktuvuk Pass: Contact Creek, Giant Creek, and the John RiverTributary. These streams drain areas of 90.3 km (super 2) , 120 km (super 2) , and 4.6 km (super 2) , respectively. Water-qualitydata collected from these streams from 2002-03 indicate that the waters are a calcium-bicarbonate type and that Giant Creek adds a sulfate component to the John River. The highest concentrations of bicarbonate, calcium, sodium, sulfate, and nitrate were found at the John River Tributary below the wastewater-treatment lagoon. These concentrations have little effect on the water quality of the John River because the flow of the John River Tributary is only about 2 percent of the John River flow. To better understand the ground-water/surface-water interactions of the upper John River, a numerical groundwater-flow model of the headwater area of the John River was constructed. Processes that occur during spring break-up, such as thawing of the active layer and the frost table and the resulting changes of storage capacity of the aquifer, were difficult to measure and simulate. Application and accuracy of the model is limited by the lack of specific hydrogeologic data both spatially and temporally. However, during the mid-winter and open-water periods, the model provided acceptable results and was coupled with a particle-movement model to simulate the movement and possible extent of conservative particles from the wastewater-treatment-plant lagoon.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geosciences Institute","doi":"10.3133/sir20055229","issn":"2328-031X","usgsCitation":"Moran, E.H., and Brabets, T.P., 2005, Water quality and ground-water/surface-water interactions along the John River near Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska, 2002-2003 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5229, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055229.","productDescription":"39 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7588,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5229/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9c22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, Edward H. emoran@usgs.gov","contributorId":5445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Edward","email":"emoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":74703,"text":"ofr20051300 - 2005 - Herpetofaunal Inventories of the National Parks of South Florida and the Caribbean: Volume III. Big Cypress National Preserve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:05","indexId":"ofr20051300","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1300","title":"Herpetofaunal Inventories of the National Parks of South Florida and the Caribbean: Volume III. Big Cypress National Preserve","docAbstract":"Amphibian declines and extinctions have been documented around the world, often in protected natural areas. Concern for this trend has prompted the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service to document all species of amphibians that occur within U.S. National Parks and to search for any signs that amphibians may be declining. This study, an inventory of amphibian species in Big Cypress National Preserve, was conducted from 2002 to 2003. The goals of the project were to create a georeferenced inventory of amphibian species, use new analytical techniques to estimate proportion of sites occupied by each species, look for any signs of amphibian decline (missing species, disease, die-offs, and so forth.), and to establish a protocol that could be used for future monitoring efforts.\r\n\r\nSeveral sampling methods were used to accomplish these goals. Visual encounter surveys and anuran vocalization surveys were conducted in all habitats throughout the park to estimate the proportion of sites or proportion of area occupied (PAO) by each amphibian species in each habitat. Opportunistic collections, as well as limited drift fence data, were used to augment the visual encounter methods for highly aquatic or cryptic species. A total of 545 visits to 104 sites were conducted for standard sampling alone, and 2,358 individual amphibians and 374 reptiles were encountered. Data analysis was conducted in program PRESENCE to provide PAO estimates for each of the anuran species.\r\n\r\nAll of the amphibian species historically found in Big Cypress National Preserve were detected during this project. At least one individual of each of the four salamander species was captured during sampling. Each of the anuran species in the preserve was adequately sampled using standard herpetological sampling methods, and PAO estimates were produced for each species of anuran by habitat. This information serves as an indicator of habitat associations of the species and relative abundance of sites occupied, but it will also be useful as a comparative baseline for future monitoring efforts.\r\n\r\nIn addition to sampling for amphibians, all encounters with reptiles were documented. The sampling methods used for detecting amphibians are also appropriate for many reptile species. These reptile locations are included in this report, but the number of reptile observations was not sufficient to estimate PAO for reptile species. We encountered 35 of the 46 species of reptiles believed to be present in Big Cypress National Preserve during this study, and evidence exists of the presence of four other reptile species in the Preserve.\r\n\r\nThis study found no evidence of amphibian decline in Big Cypress National Preserve. Although no evidence of decline was observed, several threats to amphibians were identified. Introduced species, especially the Cuban treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis), are predators and competitors with several native frog species. The recreational use of off-road vehicles has the potential to affect some amphibian populations, and a study on those potential impacts is currently underway. Also, interference by humans with the natural hydrologic cycle of south Florida has the potential to alter the amphibian community.\r\n\r\nContinued monitoring of the amphibian species in Big Cypress National Preserve is recommended. The methods used in this study were adequate to produce reliable estimates of the proportion of sites occupied by most anuran species, and are a cost-effective means of determining the status of their populations.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051300","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.G., Waddle, J., Crockett, M.E., Jeffrey, B.M., Rice, A.N., and Percival, H.F., 2005, Herpetofaunal Inventories of the National Parks of South Florida and the Caribbean: Volume III. Big Cypress National Preserve (Revised and reprinted 2005): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1300, Available on CD-ROM or online (156 p.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051300.","productDescription":"Available on CD-ROM or online (156 p.)","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":136,"text":"Biology Discipline","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2005_1300.jpg"},{"id":9836,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1300/","size":"1831","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Revised and reprinted 2005","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635bbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Kenneth G. 0000-0001-8282-1088 krice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-1088","contributorId":117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Kenneth","email":"krice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddle, J. Hardin 0000-0003-1940-2133","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-2133","contributorId":89982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"J. Hardin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crockett, Marquette E.","contributorId":70067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crockett","given":"Marquette","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jeffrey, Brian M.","contributorId":13708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffrey","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rice, Amanda N.","contributorId":65181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Percival, H. Franklin percivalf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percival","given":"H.","email":"percivalf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Franklin","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":74473,"text":"sim2910 - 2005 - Potentiometric surface of the alluvial aquifer and hydrologic conditions at the Rio Nigua de Salinas alluvial fan, Salinas, Puerto Rico, July 9-11, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:35","indexId":"sim2910","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2910","title":"Potentiometric surface of the alluvial aquifer and hydrologic conditions at the Rio Nigua de Salinas alluvial fan, Salinas, Puerto Rico, July 9-11, 2002","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2910","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, J.M., 2005, Potentiometric surface of the alluvial aquifer and hydrologic conditions at the Rio Nigua de Salinas alluvial fan, Salinas, Puerto Rico, July 9-11, 2002 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2910, 1 map sheet, 36 x 25 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2910.","productDescription":"1 map sheet, 36 x 25 in.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7572,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2910/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -18,66.20138888888889 ], [ -18,66.30138888888888 ], [ -17.933333333333334,66.30138888888888 ], [ -17.933333333333334,66.20138888888889 ], [ -18,66.20138888888889 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682eba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Jose M. 0000-0002-4430-9929 jmrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-9929","contributorId":1318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Jose","email":"jmrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":73503,"text":"sir20055223 - 2005 - Framework for regional synthesis of water-quality data for the glacial aquifer system in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"sir20055223","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5223","title":"Framework for regional synthesis of water-quality data for the glacial aquifer system in the United States","docAbstract":"The glacial aquifer system is the largest principal aquifer in aerial extent and ground-water use for public supply in the United States. A principal aquifer is defined as a regionally extensive aquifer or aquifer system that has the potential to be used as a source of potable water (U.S. Geological Survey, 2003). Multiple aquifers often are grouped into large, extensive aquifer systems such as the glacial aquifer system.\r\n\r\nThe glacial aquifer system is considered here to include all unconsolidated aquifers above bedrock north of the line of continental glaciation throughout the country (fig. 1). Total withdrawals from the glacial aquifer system were 3,560 million gallons per day in 2000, which constitutes almost 5 percent of total withdrawals from all aquifers in the United States (Maupin and Barber, 2005). Approximately 41 million people relied on the glacial aquifer for public supply and domestic use in 2000.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program began assessing the glacial aquifer system in 1991. The assessment of water-quality data on a regional scale, such as the glacial aquifer system, is coincident with the regional framework established by the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program (RASA) (Sun and others, 1997). From 1978 to 1995, the RASA Program systematically evaluated 25 of the Nation's most important groundwater systems including studies in the glacial aquifer system in the northeast, Midwest, and northern Midwest United States. The NAWQA Program is building on the work of the RASA Program to study the water quality of 16 of the most important ground-water systems (Lapham and others, 2005). Over 1,700 water-quality samples have been collected by the NAWQA Program from 1991 to 2004 to assess the glacial aquifer system. This large data set is unique in that the samples have been collected using a consistent sampling protocol, and multiple nested samples. The nested samples address the recently recharged shallow ground water, deeper water from principal aquifers often used for domestic supply, and source water used for public supplies within the glacial aquifer system. Information concerning the NAWQA Program including study unit boundaries is shown in figure 1 (Lapham and others, 2005).\r\n\r\nA framework for comparison of water quality across the glacial aquifer system has been developed based on two primary characteristics: intrinsic susceptibility and vulnerability. Intrinsic susceptibility, which is a measure of the ease at which water enters and moves through aquifer material, is a characteristic of the aquifer and overlying material and of the hydrologic conditions. Intrinsic susceptibility is independent of the chemical characteristics of the contaminant and its sources. In this way, intrinsic susceptibility assessments do not target specific natural or anthropogenic sources of contamination but instead consider only the physical factors affecting the flow of water to, and through the ground-water resource (Focazio and others, 2002). On a regional scale, intrinsic susceptibility is represented by the spatial distribution of fine- or coarse-grained material at the land surface, and the physical setting of the aquifer system. Vulnerability, which is a function of both intrinsic susceptibility and the proximity and characteristics of contaminant sources, includes consideration of features related to anthropogenic sources of contaminants, such as the character of the upgradient land use (for example, urban, agricultural, undeveloped, and others); as well as features related to natural sources of contaminants, such as the mineralogy of the aquifer material or the geochemical conditions within the aquifer system. The framework helps categorize this large region into areas of similar hydrogeologic characteristics for which water quality can be compared. The purpose of this report is to describe this framework and how it will be used for regional synthesis of water-quality da","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055223","collaboration":"Online version now corrected","usgsCitation":"Warner, K., and Arnold, T., 2005, Framework for regional synthesis of water-quality data for the glacial aquifer system in the United States (Revised May 2006): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5223, 1 folded sheet (6 p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055223.","productDescription":"1 folded sheet (6 p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7931,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -160,37 ], [ -160,61 ], [ -50,61 ], [ -50,37 ], [ -160,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Revised May 2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a86ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, Kelly L. klwarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Kelly L.","email":"klwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, Terri 0000-0003-1406-6054 tlarnold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1406-6054","contributorId":1598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Terri","email":"tlarnold@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":73933,"text":"sir20055244 - 2005 - Using hydrogeomorphic criteria to classify wetlands on Mt. Desert Island, Maine – Approach, classification system, and examples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T20:21:39.323195","indexId":"sir20055244","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5244","title":"Using hydrogeomorphic criteria to classify wetlands on Mt. Desert Island, Maine – Approach, classification system, and examples","docAbstract":"A wetland classification system was designed for Mt. Desert Island, Maine, to help categorize the large number of wetlands (over 1,200 mapped units) as an aid to understanding their hydrologic functions. The classification system, developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the National Park Service, uses a modified hydrogeomorphic (HGM) approach, and assigns categories based on position in the landscape, soils and surficial geologic setting, and source of water. A dichotomous key was developed to determine a preliminary HGM classification of wetlands on the island. This key is designed for use with USGS topographic maps and 1:24,000 geographic information system (GIS) coverages as an aid to the classification, but may also be used with field data.\r\n\r\nHydrologic data collected from a wetland monitoring study were used to determine whether the preliminary classification of individual wetlands using the HGM approach yielded classes that were consistent with actual hydroperiod data. Preliminary HGM classifications of the 20 wetlands in the monitoring study were consistent with the field hydroperiod data. The modified HGM classification approach appears robust, although the method apparently works somewhat better with undisturbed wetlands than with disturbed wetlands. This wetland classification system could be applied to other hydrogeologically similar areas of northern New England.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055244","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, M.G., Guntenspergen, G.R., and Neckles, H.A., 2005, Using hydrogeomorphic criteria to classify wetlands on Mt. Desert Island, Maine – Approach, classification system, and examples: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5244, v, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055244.","productDescription":"v, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8755,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5244/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":392972,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78140.htm"},{"id":193169,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Desert Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.44276428222656,\n 44.21666272899817\n ],\n [\n -68.17153930664062,\n 44.21666272899817\n ],\n [\n -68.17153930664062,\n 44.45534933372025\n ],\n [\n -68.44276428222656,\n 44.45534933372025\n ],\n [\n -68.44276428222656,\n 44.21666272899817\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603cac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, Martha G. 0000-0003-3038-9400 mnielsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3038-9400","contributorId":4169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Martha","email":"mnielsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neckles, Hilary A. 0000-0002-5662-2314 hneckles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-2314","contributorId":3821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neckles","given":"Hilary","email":"hneckles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":73913,"text":"sir20055237 - 2005 - Water quality and hydrology of the Lac Vieux Desert watershed, Gogebic County, Michigan, and Vilas County, Wisconsin, 2002-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T13:55:36","indexId":"sir20055237","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5237","title":"Water quality and hydrology of the Lac Vieux Desert watershed, Gogebic County, Michigan, and Vilas County, Wisconsin, 2002-04","docAbstract":"Lac Vieux Desert is a prominent 6.6 square-mile lake that straddles the Michigan-Wisconsin border and forms the headwaters of the Wisconsin River. For generations, the Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians have used Lac Vieux Desert and the surrounding area for growing and harvesting wild rice, and hunting and fishing. The Lac Vieux Desert Band is concerned about the impact of lake-stage regulation on hydrology and ecology, and the impact on water quality of development along and near the shore, and recreational watercraft use and sport fishing. In 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey completed a water-resources investigation of the Lac Vieux Desert watershed in cooperation with the Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians.
Water quality of Lac Vieux Desert is typical of many lakes in the northern United States. Trophic State Index calculations classify Lac Vieux Desert as a highly productive eutrophic lake. The pH of water in Lac Vieux Desert ranged from 6.5 to 9.5, and specific conductance ranged from 62 to 114 µs/cm. Chloride concentration was less than 1.5 mg/L, indicating little effect from septic-tank or road-salt input. Results indicate that the water can be classified as soft, with hardness concentrations reported as calcium carbonate ranging from 29 to 49 mg/L. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, chloride, and other dissolved solids ranged from 47 to 77 mg/L. Alkalinity of Lac Vieux Desert ranged from 27 to 38 mg/L.
Pervasive aquatic blooms, including a bloom noted during the September 2003 sampling, are apparently common in late summer. Biological productivity at Lac Vieux Desert does not appear to have changed appreciably between 1973 and 2004. In the current study, total phosphorus concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.064 mg/L and dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations ranged from at, or below detection limit to 0.052 mg/L. Overabundance of nutrients in Lac Vieux Desert, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, could result in considerable degradation in lake-water quality.
The estimated water balance includes the following inputs from the surrounding watershed: direct precipitation (35 percent); runoff, composed of streamflow and overland flow (50 percent); and ground-water flow (15 percent). Outputs from Lac Vieux Desert include streamflow into the Wisconsin River (68 percent) and evaporation from the lake surface (32 percent). Seasonal regulation of Lac Vieux Desert outflow results in an artificially high lake stage throughout the year, except from late winter to very early spring, prior to snowmelt and runoff. Regulation of Lac Vieux Desert outflow causes Wisconsin River streamflow to be artificially low during spring and summer and artificially high in fall and winter.
Recent studies indicate that lake-level regulation over the past century may have affected wild rice growth and propagation in Lac Vieux Desert. As per licensing agreement between the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and the Wisconsin Valley Improvement Company (operators of the dam at the outlet), the maximum lake level of Lac Vieux Desert was lowered about 0.8 feet to investigate the relation between lake-level regulation and propagation of wild rice from 2003 through 2012. Recent plantings of wild rice by the Lac Vieux Desert Band have been successful, indicating that suitable habitat and hydrologic regime were present in 2004-05.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055237","collaboration":"In cooperation with Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians","usgsCitation":"Weaver, T.L., Neff, B., and Ellis, J., 2005, Water quality and hydrology of the Lac Vieux Desert watershed, Gogebic County, Michigan, and Vilas County, Wisconsin, 2002-04: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5237, vi, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055237.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20055237.JPG"},{"id":7513,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5237/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","county":"Gogebic County, Vilas County","otherGeospatial":"Lac Vieux Desert Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.158333,\n 46.208333\n ],\n [\n -89.158333,\n 46.083333\n ],\n [\n -88.983333,\n 46.083333\n ],\n [\n -88.983333,\n 46.208333\n ],\n [\n -89.158333,\n 46.208333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9bda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, T. L.","contributorId":24339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neff, B.P.","contributorId":92759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neff","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, J.M.","contributorId":29502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":73553,"text":"tm6A16 - 2005 - MODFLOW-2005 : the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model--the ground-water flow process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:59","indexId":"tm6A16","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A16","title":"MODFLOW-2005 : the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model--the ground-water flow process","docAbstract":"This report presents MODFLOW-2005, which is a new version of the finite-difference ground-water model commonly called MODFLOW. Ground-water flow is simulated using a block-centered finite-difference approach. Layers can be simulated as confined or unconfined. Flow associated with external stresses, such as wells, areal recharge, evapotranspiration, drains, and rivers, also can be simulated. The report includes detailed explanations of physical and mathematical concepts on which the model is based, an explanation of how those concepts are incorporated in the modular structure of the computer program, instructions for using the model, and details of the computer code.\r\n\r\nThe modular structure consists of a MAIN Program and a series of highly independent subroutines. The subroutines are grouped into 'packages.' Each package deals with a specific feature of the hydrologic system that is to be simulated, such as flow from rivers or flow into drains, or with a specific method of solving the set of simultaneous equations resulting from the finite-difference method. Several solution methods are incorporated, including the Preconditioned Conjugate-Gradient method. The division of the program into packages permits the user to examine specific hydrologic features of the model independently. This also facilitates development of additional capabilities because new packages can be added to the program without modifying the existing packages. The input and output systems of the computer program also are designed to permit maximum flexibility.\r\nThe program is designed to allow other capabilities, such as transport and optimization, to be incorporated, but this report is limited to describing the ground-water flow capability. The program is written in Fortran 90 and will run without modification on most computers that have a Fortran 90 compiler.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Book 6: Modeling techniques, Section A. Ground-water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tm6A16","collaboration":"Code and documentation for other water models are available at http://water.usgs.gov/software/ground_water.html .","usgsCitation":"Harbaugh, A.W., 2005, MODFLOW-2005 : the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model--the ground-water flow process: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A16, 1 v. (various pagings) : ill. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A16.","productDescription":"1 v. (various pagings) : ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7423,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2005/tm6A16/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648cfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harbaugh, Arlen W. harbaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"Arlen","email":"harbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":73523,"text":"ofr20051383 - 2005 - Hydrologic, water-quality, bed-sediment, soil-chemistry, and statistical summaries of data for the Cambridge, Massachusetts, drinking-water source area, water year 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:59","indexId":"ofr20051383","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1383","title":"Hydrologic, water-quality, bed-sediment, soil-chemistry, and statistical summaries of data for the Cambridge, Massachusetts, drinking-water source area, water year 2004","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051383","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.P., 2005, Hydrologic, water-quality, bed-sediment, soil-chemistry, and statistical summaries of data for the Cambridge, Massachusetts, drinking-water source area, water year 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1383, vi, 110 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051383.","productDescription":"vi, 110 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm.","numberOfPages":"116","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7420,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1383/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e97e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kirk P. 0000-0003-0269-474X kpsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-474X","contributorId":1516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kirk","email":"kpsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}