Contaminant-transport processes are being investigated at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Amargosa Desert Research Site (A DRS), adjacent to the Nation’s first commercial disposal facility for low-level radioactive waste. Gases containing tritium and radiocarbon are migrating through a 110-m thick unsaturated zone from unlined trenches that received waste from 1962 to 1992. Results relevant to long- term monitoring of radionuclides are summarized as follows. Contaminant plumes have unexpected histories and spatial configurations due to uncertainties in the: (1) geologic framework, (2) biochemical reactions involving waste components, (3) interactions between plume components and unsaturated-zone materials, (4) disposal practices, and (5) physical transport processes. Information on plume dynamics depends on ex-situ wet-chemical techniques because in-situ sensors for the radionuclides of interest do not exist. As at other radioactive-waste disposal facilities, radionuclides at the ADRS are mixed with varying amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Carbon-dioxide and VOC anomalies provide proxies for radioactive contamination. Contaminants in the unsaturated zone migrate along preferential pathways. Effective monitoring thus requires accurate geologic characterization. Direct- current electrical-resistivity imaging successfully mapped geologic units controlling preferential transport at the ADRS. Direct sampling of water from the unsaturated zone is complex and time consuming. Sampling plant water is an efficient alternative for mapping shallow tritium contamination.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Workshop on long-term performance monitoring of metals and radionuclides in the subsurface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint workshop on long-term monitoring of metals and radionuclides in the subsurface: Strategies, tools and case studies","conferenceDate":"April 21-22, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Reston, VA","language":"English","publisher":"Center for Integrated Sensor Technology and Environmental Monitoring Systems","usgsCitation":"Stonestrom, D.A., Abraham, J., Andraski, B.J., Baker, R.J., Mayers, C., Michel, R.L., Prudic, D.E., Striegl, R.G., and Walvoord, M.A., 2004, Monitoring radionuclide contamination in the unsaturated zone - Lessons learned at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nye County, Nevada, in Proceedings, Workshop on long-term performance monitoring of metals and radionuclides in the subsurface, Reston, VA, April 21-22, 2004, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","city":"Beatty","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert Research Site","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-115.9082,39.1615],[-115.5191,38.9578],[-115.4725,38.9325],[-115.4433,38.9162],[-115.3694,38.8769],[-115.363,38.874],[-115.242,38.8093],[-115.0969,38.7309],[-115.0777,38.721],[-115.0604,38.7107],[-115.0291,38.6937],[-114.999,38.6777],[-114.9996,38.592],[-114.9997,38.4315],[-114.9994,38.3894],[-115.0004,38.0507],[-115.1185,38.0508],[-115.1436,38.0508],[-115.326,38.0515],[-115.3453,38.0514],[-115.4003,38.051],[-115.4587,38.0506],[-115.6394,38.0512],[-115.6581,38.051],[-115.8404,38.0504],[-115.8931,38.0507],[-115.8938,37.723],[-115.8969,37.5498],[-115.8975,37.2796],[-115.8982,37.1926],[-115.8942,36.8425],[-115.8941,36.686],[-115.8945,36.6702],[-115.8949,36.598],[-115.8949,36.5962],[-115.8946,36.5858],[-115.8947,36.5005],[-115.8945,36.4806],[-115.8949,36.462],[-115.8944,36.457],[-115.8948,36.3087],[-115.8945,36.2923],[-115.8943,36.1957],[-115.8945,36.1608],[-115.8948,36.1163],[-115.8948,36.0927],[-115.895,36.0015],[-115.9178,36.0192],[-115.9518,36.0457],[-115.9925,36.0773],[-116.049,36.1211],[-116.0624,36.1314],[-116.1039,36.1636],[-116.1287,36.1829],[-116.1702,36.2152],[-116.173,36.2174],[-116.2311,36.2626],[-116.2834,36.3028],[-116.2954,36.3122],[-116.3752,36.373],[-116.5107,36.4764],[-116.5247,36.4871],[-116.5589,36.5131],[-116.574,36.5245],[-116.5946,36.54],[-116.6556,36.5867],[-116.6583,36.5888],[-116.6764,36.6024],[-116.706,36.6248],[-116.7895,36.6877],[-116.8424,36.7276],[-116.8453,36.7298],[-116.8806,36.7568],[-116.8912,36.7648],[-116.9237,36.7891],[-116.9641,36.8193],[-116.9783,36.8299],[-116.981,36.8319],[-117.0046,36.8495],[-117.164,36.9688],[-117.1639,36.9698],[-117.1637,37.0182],[-117.164,37.0894],[-117.1642,37.171],[-117.1641,37.1909],[-117.1641,37.1936],[-117.1665,37.6995],[-117.1664,37.714],[-117.1663,37.7285],[-117.1663,37.7435],[-117.1662,37.7585],[-117.1657,38.0019],[-117.2198,38.0482],[-117.2397,38.0483],[-117.239,38.0641],[-117.2408,38.0705],[-117.2653,38.0932],[-117.6896,38.4731],[-118.0197,38.7599],[-118.197,38.9154],[-118.1972,38.9993],[-117.8559,39.0746],[-117.7748,39.092],[-117.7008,39.1058],[-117.6409,39.1149],[-117.5946,39.1231],[-117.4742,39.1431],[-117.3823,39.1562],[-117.3609,39.1585],[-117.3318,39.1629],[-117.3063,39.1634],[-117.2849,39.1633],[-117.1995,39.1632],[-117.0856,39.1628],[-117.0322,39.1626],[-117.0144,39.1626],[-116.9871,39.1625],[-116.9158,39.1631],[-116.7562,39.1622],[-116.7301,39.1625],[-116.5996,39.1616],[-116.5859,39.162],[-116.4815,39.1616],[-116.3497,39.1618],[-116.2358,39.1616],[-116.0548,39.1624],[-115.9082,39.1615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nye\",\"state\":\"NV\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7040d7e4b06e28e9cae4fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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Additionally, aviaries where kingfishers laid eggs were compared to those in which birds did not attempt to breed. Compared to aviaries, habitats used by wild Pohnpei kingfishers had 3.2°C higher daily maximum and minimum temperatures and the proportion of time when temperatures were in the birds' thermoneutral zone was 45% greater. No differences were found in the magnitude of temperature fluctuation in captive and wild environments. In captive environments in which birds bred, daily maximum temperatures were 2.1°C higher and temperatures were within the thermoneutral zone 25% more often than in the aviaries where the kingfishers did not breed. No differences were found in the magnitude of temperature fluctuation or the daily minimum temperature. Results suggest that the thermal environment has the potential to influence reproduction, and that consideration should be given to increasing temperatures in captive breeding facilities to improve propagation of the endangered Micronesian kingfisher.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/zoo.20010","usgsCitation":"Kesler, D.C., and Haig, S.M., 2004, Thermal characteristics of wild and captive Micronesian Kingfisher nesting habitats: Zoo Biology, v. 23, no. 4, p. 301-308, https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.20010.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"308","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Federated States of Micronesia","otherGeospatial":"Pohnpei","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -206.71874999999997,\n 1.4500404973608074\n ],\n [\n -193.095703125,\n 1.4500404973608074\n ],\n [\n -193.095703125,\n 9.362352822055605\n ],\n [\n -206.71874999999997,\n 9.362352822055605\n ],\n [\n -206.71874999999997,\n 1.4500404973608074\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kesler, Dylan C.","contributorId":14358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kesler","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6769,"text":"University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":323920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194906,"text":"70194906 - 2004 - Extraction of paleohydrology and paleoclimate proxies from vadose zones and paleolake records in the southwestern Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-29T14:26:00","indexId":"70194906","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Extraction of paleohydrology and paleoclimate proxies from vadose zones and paleolake records in the southwestern Great Basin","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
A unifying theory for the hydrology of desert vadose zones is particularly timely considering the rising population and water stresses in arid and semiarid regions. Conventional models cannot reconcile the apparent discrepancy between upward flow indicated by hydraulic gradient data and downward flow suggested by environmental tracer data in deep vadose zone profiles. A conceptual model described here explains both hydraulic and tracer data remarkably well by incorporating the hydrologic role of desert plants that encroached former juniper woodland 10 to 15 thousand years ago in the southwestern United States. Vapor transport also plays an important role in redistributing moisture through deep soils, particularly in coarse-grained sediments. Application of the conceptual model to several interdrainage arid settings reproduces measured matric potentials and chloride accumulation by simulating the transition from downward flow to upward flow just below the root zone initiated by climate and vegetation change. Model results indicate a slow hydraulic drying response in deep vadose zones that enables matric potential profiles to be used to distinguish whether precipitation episodically percolated below the root zone or was completely removed via evapotranspiration during the majority of the Holocene. Recharge declined dramatically during the Holocene in interdrainage basin floor settings of arid and semiarid basins. Current flux estimates across the water table in these environmental settings, are on the order of 0.01 to 0.1 mm yr-1 and may be recharge (downward) or discharge (upward) depending on vadose zone characteristics, such as soil texture, geothermal gradient, and water table depth. In summary, diffuse recharge through the basin floor probably contributes only minimally to the total recharge in arid and semiarid basins.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Groundwater recharge in a desert environment: The southwestern United States (Water Science and Application, no. 9)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Americal Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/009WSA02","isbn":"9780875903583","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., and Scanlon, B., 2004, Hydrologic processes in deep vadose zones in interdrainage arid environments, chap. of Groundwater recharge in a desert environment: The southwestern United States (Water Science and Application, no. 9): Water Science and Application, p. 15-28, https://doi.org/10.1029/009WSA02.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"28","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350812,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/009WSA02/summary"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a719273e4b0a9a2e9dbde40","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hogan, James F.","contributorId":30533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726194,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Fred M.","contributorId":57957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726195,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726196,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175039,"text":"70175039 - 2004 - A South San Francisco Bay sediment budget: Wetland restoration and potential effects on phytoplankton blooms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T14:08:31","indexId":"70175039","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A South San Francisco Bay sediment budget: Wetland restoration and potential effects on phytoplankton blooms","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2004 Ocean Research Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2004 Ocean Research Conference","conferenceDate":"February 15-20, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, HI","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Shellenbarger, G., Schoellhamer, D., and Lionberger, M.A., 2004, A South San Francisco Bay sediment budget: Wetland restoration and potential effects on phytoplankton blooms, in Proceedings of the 2004 Ocean Research Conference, Honolulu, HI, February 15-20, 2004.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325721,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db2de4b0589fa1c7e660","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shellenbarger, G.G.","contributorId":12678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shellenbarger","given":"G.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lionberger, M. A.","contributorId":96494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lionberger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170835,"text":"70170835 - 2004 - Isolation and characterization of a rhabdovirus from starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) collected from the northern portion of Puget Sound, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T15:29:53","indexId":"70170835","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2301,"text":"Journal of General Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isolation and characterization of a rhabdovirus from starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) collected from the northern portion of Puget Sound, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"The initial characterization of a rhabdovirus isolated from a single, asymptomatic starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) collected during a viral survey of marine fishes from the northern portion of Puget Sound, Washington, USA, is reported. Virions were bullet-shaped and approximately 100 nm long and 50 nm wide, contained a lipid envelope, remained stable for at least 14 days at temperatures ranging from -80 to 5 degrees C and grew optimally at 15 degrees C in cultures of epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells. The cytopathic effect on EPC cell monolayers was characterized by raised foci containing rounded masses of cells. Pyknotic and dark-staining nuclei that also showed signs of karyorrhexis were observed following haematoxylin and eosin, May-Grunwald Giemsa and acridine orange staining. PAGE of the structural proteins and PCR assays using primers specific for other known fish rhabdoviruses, including Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, Spring viremia of carp virus, and Hirame rhabdovirus, indicated that the new virus, tentatively termed starry flounder rhabdovirus (SFRV), was previously undescribed in marine fishes from this region. In addition, sequence analysis of 2678 nt of the amino portion of the viral polymerase gene indicated that SFRV was genetically distinct from other members of the family Rhabdoviridae for which sequence data are available. Detection of this virus during a limited viral survey of wild fishes emphasizes the void of knowledge regarding the diversity of viruses that naturally infect marine fish species in the North Pacific Ocean.
","language":"English","publisher":"Microbiology Society","doi":"10.1099/vir.0.19459-0","usgsCitation":"Mork, C., Hershberger, P., Kocan, R., Batts, W.N., and Winton, J., 2004, Isolation and characterization of a rhabdovirus from starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) collected from the northern portion of Puget Sound, Washington, USA: Journal of General Virology, v. 85, p. 495-505, https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.19459-0.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"505","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.19459-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5729cbb6e4b0b13d3919a393","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mork, Christina","contributorId":169136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mork","given":"Christina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hershberger, Paul K. phershberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul K.","email":"phershberger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":628614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kocan, Richard","contributorId":58917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocan","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Batts, William N. 0000-0002-6469-9004 bbatts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6469-9004","contributorId":3815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batts","given":"William","email":"bbatts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winton, James R. jwinton@usgs.gov","contributorId":150220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James R.","email":"jwinton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":628617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70170837,"text":"70170837 - 2004 - The role of fungal symbiosis in the adaptation of plants to high stress environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T15:54:45","indexId":"70170837","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2764,"text":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of fungal symbiosis in the adaptation of plants to high stress environments","docAbstract":"All plants studied in natural ecosystemsare symbiotic with fungi that either resideentirely (endophytes) or partially(mycorrhizae) within plants. Thesesymbioses appear to adapt to biotic andabiotic stresses and may be responsible forthe survival of both plant hosts and fungalsymbionts in high stress habitats. Here wedescribe the role of symbiotic fungi inplant stress tolerance and present astrategy based on adaptive symbiosis topotentially mitigate the impacts of globalchange on plant communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:MITI.0000029922.31110.97","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, R.J., Redman, R.S., and Henson, J.M., 2004, The role of fungal symbiosis in the adaptation of plants to high stress environments: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, v. 9, no. 3, p. 261-272, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MITI.0000029922.31110.97.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"272","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320932,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5729cbbbe4b0b13d3919a3d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Russell J.","contributorId":75035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":628623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Redman, Regina S. 0000-0001-5108-7570","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5108-7570","contributorId":75829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"Regina","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":628624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henson, Joan M.","contributorId":168935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henson","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170677,"text":"70170677 - 2004 - Cloning, expression, cellular distribution, and role in chemotaxis of a C5a receptor in rainbow trout: The first identification of a C5a receptor in a nonmammalian species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-16T16:23:59.093972","indexId":"70170677","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2350,"text":"Journal of Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cloning, expression, cellular distribution, and role in chemotaxis of a C5a receptor in rainbow trout: The first identification of a C5a receptor in a nonmammalian species","docAbstract":"C3a, C4a, and C5a anaphylatoxins generated during complement activation play a key role in inflammation. C5a is the most potent of the three anaphylatoxins in eliciting biological responses. The effects of C5a are mediated by its binding to C5a receptor (C5aR, CD88). To date, C5aR has only been identified and cloned in mammalian species, and its evolutionary history remains ill-defined. To gain insights into the evolution, conserved structural domains, and functions of C5aR, we have cloned and characterized a C5aR in rainbow trout, a teleost fish. The isolated cDNA encoded a 350-aa protein that showed the highest sequence similarity to C5aR from other species. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of one continuous exon encoding the entire open reading frame. Northern blot analysis showed significant expression of the trout C5a receptor (TC5aR) message in PBLs and kidney. Flow cytometric analysis showed that two Abs generated against two different areas of the extracellular N-terminal region of TC5aR positively stained the same leukocyte populations from PBLs. B lymphocytes and granulocytes comprised the majority of cells recognized by the anti-TC5aR. More importantly, these Abs inhibited chemotaxis of PBLs toward a chemoattractant fraction purified from complement-activated trout serum. Our data suggest that the split between C5aR and C3aR from a common ancestral molecule occurred before the emergence of teleost fish. Moreover, we demonstrate that the overall structure of C5aR as well as its role in chemotaxis have remained conserved for >300 million years.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Immunologists","doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.172.7.4381","usgsCitation":"Boshra, H., Li, J., Peters, R., Hansen, J., Matlapudi, A., and Sunyer, J.O., 2004, Cloning, expression, cellular distribution, and role in chemotaxis of a C5a receptor in rainbow trout: The first identification of a C5a receptor in a nonmammalian species: Journal of Immunology, v. 172, no. 7, p. 4381-4390, https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.7.4381.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"4381","endPage":"4390","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.7.4381","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"172","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5723342ce4b0b13d39148cc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boshra, Hani","contributorId":169019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boshra","given":"Hani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Jun","contributorId":169020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Jun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peters, Rodney","contributorId":169021,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peters","given":"Rodney","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansen, John","contributorId":21066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matlapudi, Anjan","contributorId":169022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matlapudi","given":"Anjan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sunyer, J. Oriol","contributorId":169023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sunyer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Oriol","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032311,"text":"70032311 - 2004 - Ecosystem restoration on the California Channel Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70032311","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ecosystem restoration on the California Channel Islands","docAbstract":"Restoration of natural habitat has become increasingly important over the last three decades in the United States, first as mitigation for development (especially in wetlands), and more recently in natural areas. This latter restoration has come about as land managing agencies have seen the need to reverse the impact of past land uses and agencies like the National Park Service have taken on the responsibility for less-than-pristine lands. Restorations have typically been carried out with little prior study and with no follow-up monitoring. On the Channel Islands, the need for restoration is great, but the desire is to base this restoration on sound ecological understanding. By conducting surveys, implementing long-term research and monitoring, and by conducting population and community dynamics research, the necessary data is obtained to arrive at such an understanding. Once management actions have been taken to effect restoration, monitoring is used to determine the success of those actions. The intention is to gain enough of an understanding of the islands' ecosystems that we can manage to restore, not just populations of native plants and animals, but also the processes of a naturally functioning ecosystem. ?? International Scientific Publications, New Delhi.","largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences","language":"English","issn":"03770","usgsCitation":"Halvorson, W.L., 2004, Ecosystem restoration on the California Channel Islands, in International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, v. 30, no. 3, p. 169-174.","startPage":"169","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05a0e4b0c8380cd50ea0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halvorson, W. L.","contributorId":26246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032339,"text":"70032339 - 2004 - Historical perspectives on the concept of ecosystem degradation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70032339","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Historical perspectives on the concept of ecosystem degradation","docAbstract":"The concept of environmental degradation has evolved with the development of human society and settlement. In early human development, tribes went through a series of cycles of taming or developing mastery over the environment, to utilizing the resources of that environment until they could no longer support the population, which lead to moving on to do it again in a new area. There seems to have been little sense that human activity was causing any degradation, it was only that there was no longer enough food. This sense of the concept of degradation can even be seen as late as the 16th and 17th centuries in North America as Europeans \"tamed\" the land from the south, east, and north. For the Europeans, this taming of the \"dangerous\" and \"inhospitable\" lands even included the indigenous peoples. World-wide, as humans gathered into towns and cities, the impacts on the environment became increasingly widespread. Goods had to be brought to the people from further and further away. While agriculture and herd management were being developed, there was still the sense that these activities were improvements. It is a rather modern social understanding that human activities can and do damage and degrade natural ecosystems. The concept began to dawn when society began to understand that some activities caused degraded human health. Only recently has society begun to understand the need for generally healthy natural ecosystems and this understanding has brought with it a whole host of legal and political actions to make it happpen. ?? International Scientific Publications, New Delhi.","largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences","language":"English","issn":"03770","usgsCitation":"Halvorson, W.L., 2004, Historical perspectives on the concept of ecosystem degradation, in International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, v. 30, no. 3, p. 163-168.","startPage":"163","endPage":"168","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3197e4b0c8380cd5e05c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halvorson, W. L.","contributorId":26246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70176902,"text":"70176902 - 2004 - 2,3,7,8-TCDD effects on visual structure and function in swim-up rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-12T14:45:06","indexId":"70176902","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"2,3,7,8-TCDD effects on visual structure and function in swim-up rainbow trout","docAbstract":"An understanding of mechanisms of contaminant effects across levels of biological organization is essential in ecotoxicology if we are to generate predictive models for population-level effects. We applied a suite of biochemical, histological, and behavioral end points related to visual structure and function and foraging behavior to evaluate effects of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on swim-up rainbow trout. We detected a dose-dependent decrease in densities of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), key retinal neurons that link the eye with the brain. These changes resulted in corresponding deficits in visual/motor function including reductions in visual acuity and in scotopic and photopic thresholds due to TCDD. The loss of RGCs suggests an increase in convergence of synapses from photoreceptors to RGCs as a cellular mechanism for the visual deficits. Dose-dependent increases in immunohistochemical detection of CYP1A protein in the vasculature of the brain and eye choroid was proportional with decreased ganglion cell densities in the retina. TCDD-induced AHR-regulated effects on these tissues might be involved in the detected decrease in ganglion cell densities. Prey capture rate decreased after TCDD exposure only at the highest treatment groups evaluated. Collectively, these results show that TCDD causes biochemical and structural changes in the eye and brain of rainbow trout that are associated with behavioral deficits leading to decreased individual fitness.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es034857i","usgsCitation":"Carvalho, P.S., 2004, 2,3,7,8-TCDD effects on visual structure and function in swim-up rainbow trout: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 23, p. 6300-6306, https://doi.org/10.1021/es034857i.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"6300","endPage":"6306","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe932ee4b0824b2d14c98c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carvalho, Paulo S. M.","contributorId":108279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carvalho","given":"Paulo","email":"","middleInitial":"S. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027709,"text":"70027709 - 2004 - Habitat use and preferences of breeding female wood ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70027709","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use and preferences of breeding female wood ducks","docAbstract":"Female wood ducks (Aix sponsa) feed primarily on plant foods in the prelaying period and switch to a diet of mostly invertebrates during egg production. If nutrient acquisition is habitat-specific, then selection and use of habitats may differ between these reproductive stages. A better understanding of these processes is needed to assist future habitat conservation and management efforts. In January-May 1999 and 2000, we monitored movements and habitat use of radiomarked females (n = 47) during the prelaying and egg-production periods of first nests. Home-range size averaged 367 ha and did not vary with reproductive period, year, or female age. Habitat use did not differ between periods of prelaying and egg production; consequently, data were combined. Habitat use varied between years, female age, and periods of nest initiation (i.e., early vs. late). Use of beaver ponds (BP), temporary wetlands (TW), managed impoundments (MI), and lake habitats (LK) declined in 2000 compared to 1999, possibly due to reduced precipitation. Nest initiation date was independent of female age. Adult females used BP more than yearlings, and early-nesting females used BP and MI more than late-nesting females. Females selected habitats nonrandomly when habitat composition of the study area was compared to that of home ranges (second-order selection). Lake-influenced wetlands (LI) and MI were ranked highest in preference. Home-range size was inversely related to percentage of the home range comprised of MI and LI, supporting the idea that MI and LI were high-quality habitats. However, we found no relationship between nest initiation date (an important index to reproductive performance) and the combined area of MI and LI in home ranges. Habitai selection did not differ from random when habitat composition of home ranges was compared to that of radio locations (third-order selection). Although MI and LI were preferred, high-quality habitats, our results suggest that breeding female wood ducks can satisfy requirements for egg production using a variety of wetland habitats. We suggest that providing a diversity of habitat types will increase the probability of meeting needs of breeding females throughout the breeding season, especially in areas where wetland conditions frequently change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0084:HUAPOB]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Hartke, K.M., and Hepp, G.R., 2004, Habitat use and preferences of breeding female wood ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 68, no. 1, p. 84-93, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0084:HUAPOB]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"84","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211229,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0084:HUAPOB]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f36e4b0c8380cd5cbb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartke, Kevin M.","contributorId":84048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartke","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hepp, Gary R.","contributorId":8191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hepp","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027792,"text":"70027792 - 2004 - A unique approach to estimating lateral anisotropy in complex geohydrologic environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T22:28:09.904333","indexId":"70027792","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2339,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A unique approach to estimating lateral anisotropy in complex geohydrologic environments","docAbstract":"Aquifers in fractured rock or karstic settings are likely to have anisotropic transmissivity distributions. Aquifer tests that are performed in these settings also are frequently affected by leakage from adjacent confining units. Finite-difference models such as MODFLOW are convenient tools for estimating the hydraulic characteristics of the stressed aquifer and adjacent confining units but are poor tools for the estimation of lateral anisotropy. This limitation of finite-difference methods can be overcome by application of the spin method, a technique whereby the positions of the observation wells are rotated about the production well to estimate anisotropy and orientation. Formal parameter estimation is necessary to analyze aquifer tests because of the number of parameters that are estimated. As a test, transmissivity, anisotropy, and orientation were successfully estimated for a simple hypothetical problem with known properties. The technique also was applied to estimate hydraulic properties of the Santee Limestone/Black Mingo (SL/BM) aquifer and a leaky confining unit beneath Charleston, South Carolina. A 9-day aquifer test with an average discharge of 6441/min was analyzed numerically. Drawdowns in the SL/BM aquifer and confining unit were simulated with a 12-layer MODFLOW model that was discretized into 81 rows of 81 columns. Simulated drawdowns at seven observation wells that ranged from 23 to 2700 m from the production well were matched to measured drawdowns. Transmissivity estimated along the minor axis ranged from 10 to 15 m2/day and along the major axis ranged from 80 to 10Om2/day. The major axis of transmissivity was oriented along compass heading 116° (degrees clockwise from north), which agrees with geologic interpretations. Vertical hydraulic conductivity and specific storage estimates for the overlying confining unit were 4 x 10-5 m/day and 2 x 10-4 1/m, respectively.
","language":"French, English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00221680409500050","usgsCitation":"Halford, K.J., and Campbell, B., 2004, A unique approach to estimating lateral anisotropy in complex geohydrologic environments: Journal of Hydraulic Research, v. 42, no. Sup. 1, p. 77-81, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221680409500050.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"81","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238035,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Charleston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.1397705078125,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -79.7882080078125,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -79.7882080078125,\n 32.88420028540548\n ],\n [\n -80.1397705078125,\n 32.88420028540548\n ],\n [\n -80.1397705078125,\n 32.731840896865684\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"Sup. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e60ce4b0c8380cd4711f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halford, K. J. 0000-0002-7322-1846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":61077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, B.","contributorId":65279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027545,"text":"70027545 - 2004 - Detection of human enteric viruses in stream water with RT-PCR and cell culture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-28T17:11:05.078031","indexId":"70027545","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2503,"text":"Journal of Water and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of human enteric viruses in stream water with RT-PCR and cell culture","docAbstract":"A multiplex RT-PCR method was used to measure virus occurrence at five stream water sites that span a range of hydroclimatic, water-quality, and land-use characteristics. The performance of the molecular method was evaluated in comparison with traditional cell culture and Escherichia coli membrane filtration assays. The study incorporated multiple quality controls and included a control for virus recovery during the sampling procedure as well as controls to detect potentially false-negative and false-positive data. Poliovirus recovery ranged from 16 to 65% and was variable, even in samples collected within the same stream. All five sites were positive for viruses by both molecular and cell culture-based virus assays. Enteroviruses, reoviruses, rotaviruses, and hepatitis A viruses were detected, but the use of the quality controls proved critical for interpretation of the molecular data. All sites showed evidence of faecal contamination, and culturable viruses were detected in four samples that would have met the US Environmental Protection Agency's recommended E. coli guideline for safe recreational water.
","language":"English","publisher":"IWA Publishing","doi":"10.2166/wh.2004.0004","usgsCitation":"Denis-Mize, K., Fout, G., Dahling, D., and Francy, D., 2004, Detection of human enteric viruses in stream water with RT-PCR and cell culture: Journal of Water and Health, v. 2, no. 1, p. 37-47, https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2004.0004.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"47","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489120,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2004.0004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff75e4b0c8380cd4f1da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denis-Mize, K.","contributorId":70588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denis-Mize","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fout, G.S.","contributorId":88146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fout","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dahling, D.R.","contributorId":43163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahling","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Francy, D.S. 0000-0001-9229-3557","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-3557","contributorId":86809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francy","given":"D.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027511,"text":"70027511 - 2004 - The perception of volcanic risk in Kona communities from Mauna Loa and Hualālai volcanoes, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-17T11:04:53","indexId":"70027511","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The perception of volcanic risk in Kona communities from Mauna Loa and Hualālai volcanoes, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"Volcanic hazards in Kona (i.e. the western side of the island of Hawai'i) stem primarily from Mauna Loa and Hualālai volcanoes. The former has erupted 39 times since 1832. Lava flows were emplaced in Kona during seven of these eruptions and last impacted Kona in 1950. Hualālai last erupted in ca. 1800. Society's proximity to potential eruptive sources and the potential for relatively fast-moving lava flows, coupled with relatively long time intervals since the last eruptions in Kona, are the underlying stimuli for this study of risk perception. Target populations were high-school students and adults ( n =462). Using these data, we discuss threat knowledge as an influence on risk perception, and perception as a driving mechanism for preparedness. Threat knowledge and perception of risk were found to be low to moderate. On average, fewer than two-thirds of the residents were aware of the most recent eruptions that impacted Kona, and a minority felt that Mauna Loa and Hualālai could ever erupt again. Furthermore, only about one-third were aware that lava flows could reach the coast in Kona in less than 3 h. Lava flows and ash fall were perceived to be among the least likely hazards to affect the respondent's community within the next 10 years, whereas vog (volcanic smog) was ranked the most likely. Less than 18% identified volcanic hazards as amongst the most likely hazards to affect them at home, school, or work. Not surprisingly, individual preparedness measures were found on average to be limited to simple tasks of value in frequently occurring domestic emergencies, whereas measures specific to infrequent hazard events such as volcanic eruptions were seldom adopted. Furthermore, our data show that respondents exhibit an 'unrealistic optimism bias' and infer that responsibility for community preparedness for future eruptions primarily rests with officials. We infer that these respondents may be less likely to attend to hazard information, react to warnings as directed, and undertake preparedness measures than other populations who perceive responsibility to lie with themselves. There are significant differences in hazard awareness and risk perception between students and adults, between subpopulations representing local areas, and between varying ethnicities. We conclude that long time intervals since damaging lava flows have occurred in Kona have contributed to lower levels of awareness and risk perceptions of the threat from lava flows, and that the on-going eruption at Kilauea has facilitated greater awareness and perception of risk of vog but not of other volcanic hazards. Low levels of preparedness may be explained by low perceptions of threat and risk and perhaps by the lack of a clear motivation or incentive to seek new modes of adjustment. 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsvier","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00288-9","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Gregg, C., Houghton, B.F., Johnston, D., Paton, D., and Swanson, D.A., 2004, The perception of volcanic risk in Kona communities from Mauna Loa and Hualālai volcanoes, Hawai'i: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 130, no. 3-4, p. 179-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00288-9.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211021,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00288-9"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Mauna Loa volcano, Hualālai volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.9893798828125,\n 19.287813240262167\n ],\n [\n -155.3466796875,\n 19.287813240262167\n ],\n [\n -155.3466796875,\n 19.72534224805787\n ],\n [\n -155.9893798828125,\n 19.72534224805787\n ],\n [\n -155.9893798828125,\n 19.287813240262167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"130","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae84e4b08c986b32415d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregg, Chris E.","contributorId":40397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"Chris E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, David M.","contributorId":68082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paton, Douglas","contributorId":64861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paton","given":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":87222,"text":"87222 - 2004 - Cichlidae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T15:59:36.201463","indexId":"87222","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"153","title":"Cichlidae","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Early stages of Atlantic fishes: An identification guide for the western central North Atlantic. Vol. I","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Routledge","usgsCitation":"Schofield, P., and Powell, A., 2004, Cichlidae, chap. 153 of Early stages of Atlantic fishes: An identification guide for the western central North Atlantic. Vol. I, v. 1, p. 1819-1822.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1819","endPage":"1822","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0cfe","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Richards, W.J.","contributorId":111456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504842,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Schofield, P. J. 0000-0002-8752-2797","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":80215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, A. B.","contributorId":9604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"A. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027522,"text":"70027522 - 2004 - Speciation and characterization of arsenic in gold ores and cyanidation tailings using X-ray absorption spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70027522","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Speciation and characterization of arsenic in gold ores and cyanidation tailings using X-ray absorption spectroscopy","docAbstract":"The knowledge of mineralogy and molecular structure of As is needed to better understand the stability of As in wastes resulting from processing of gold ores. In this study, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe, X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy (including both XANES and EXAFS regimes) were employed to determine the mineralogical composition and local coordination environment of As in gold ores and process tailings from bench-scale tests designed to mimic a common plant practice. Arsenic-bearing minerals identified in the ores and tailings include iron (III) oxyhydroxides, scorodite (FeAsO4??2H2O), ferric arsenates, arseniosiderite (Ca2Fe3 (AsO4)3O2??3H2O), Ca-Fe arsenates, pharmacosiderite (KFe4 (AsO4)3(OH)4??6-7H2O), jarosite (K2Fe6(SO4)4 (OH)12) and arsenopyrite (FeAsS). Iron (III) oxyhydroxides contain variable levels of As from trace to about 22 wt% and Ca up to approximately 9 wt%. Finely ground ore and tailings samples were examined by bulk XAFS and selected mineral grains were analyzed by microfocused XAFS (micro-EXAFS) spectroscopy to reconcile the ambiguities of multiple As sources in the complex bulk EXAFS spectra. XANES spectra indicated that As occurs as As5+in all the samples. Micro-EXAFS spectra of individual iron (III) oxyhydroxide grains with varying As concentrations point to inner-sphere bidentate-binuclear arsenate complexes as the predominant form of As. There are indications for the presence of a second Fe shell corresponding to bidentate-mononuclear arrangement. Iron (III) oxyhydroxides with high As concentrations corresponding to maximum adsorption densities probably occur as nanoparticles. The discovery of Ca atoms around As in iron (III) oxyhydroxides at interatomic distances of 4.14-4.17 A?? and the coordination numbers suggest the formation of arseniosiderite-like nanoclusters by coprecipitation rather than simple adsorption of Ca onto iron (III) oxyhydroxides. Correlation of Ca with As in iron (III) oxyhydroxides as determined by electron microprobe analysis supports the coprecipitate origin for the presence of Ca in iron (III) oxyhydroxides. The samples containing higher abundances of ferric arsenates released higher As concentrations during the cyanidation tests. The presence of highly soluble ferric arsenates and Ca-Fe arsenates, and relatively unstable iron (III) oxyhydroxides with Fe/As molar ratios of less than 4 in the ore and process tailings suggests that not only the tailings in the impoundment will continue to release As, but also there is the potential for mobilization of As from the natural sources such as the unmined ore. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2003.07.013","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Paktunc, D., Foster, A., Heald, S., and Laflamme, G., 2004, Speciation and characterization of arsenic in gold ores and cyanidation tailings using X-ray absorption spectroscopy: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, no. 5, p. 969-983, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.07.013.","startPage":"969","endPage":"983","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211165,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.07.013"},{"id":238376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94e6e4b08c986b31aca9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paktunc, D.","contributorId":77337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paktunc","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, A.","contributorId":46977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heald, S.","contributorId":52784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heald","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laflamme, G.","contributorId":72987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laflamme","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027515,"text":"70027515 - 2004 - Upper Cretaceous sequences and sea-level history, New Jersey Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027515","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper Cretaceous sequences and sea-level history, New Jersey Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"We developed a Late Cretaceous sealevel estimate from Upper Cretaceous sequences at Bass River and Ancora, New Jersey (ODP [Ocean Drilling Program] Leg 174AX). We dated 11-14 sequences by integrating Sr isotope and biostratigraphy (age resolution ??0.5 m.y.) and then estimated paleoenvironmental changes within the sequences from lithofacies and biofacies analyses. Sequences generally shallow upsection from middle-neritic to inner-neritic paleodepths, as shown by the transition from thin basal glauconite shelf sands (transgressive systems tracts [TST]), to medial-prodelta silty clays (highstand systems tracts [HST]), and finally to upper-delta-front quartz sands (HST). Sea-level estimates obtained by backstripping (accounting for paleodepth variations, sediment loading, compaction, and basin subsidence) indicate that large (>25 m) and rapid (???1 m.y.) sea-level variations occurred during the Late Cretaceous greenhouse world. The fact that the timing of Upper Cretaceous sequence boundaries in New Jersey is similar to the sea-level lowering records of Exxon Production Research Company (EPR), northwest European sections, and Russian platform outcrops points to a global cause. Because backstripping, seismicity, seismic stratigraphic data, and sediment-distribution patterns all indicate minimal tectonic effects on the New Jersey Coastal Plain, we interpret that we have isolated a eustatic signature. The only known mechanism that can explain such global changes-glacio-eustasy-is consistent with foraminiferal ??18O data. Either continental ice sheets paced sea-level changes during the Late Cretaceous, or our understanding of causal mechanisms for global sea-level change is fundamentally flawed. Comparison of our eustatic history with published ice-sheet models and Milankovitch predictions suggests that small (5-10 ?? 106 km3), ephemeral, and areally restricted Antarctic ice sheets paced the Late Cretaceous global sea-level change. New Jersey and Russian eustatic estimates are typically one-half of the EPR amplitudes, though this difference varies through time, yielding markedly different eustatic curves. We conclude that New Jersey provides the best available estimate for Late Cretaceous sea-level variations. ?? 2004 Geological Society America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25279.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Miller, K., Sugarman, P.J., Browning, J., Kominz, M., Olsson, R., Feigenson, M., and Hernandez, J., 2004, Upper Cretaceous sequences and sea-level history, New Jersey Coastal Plain: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 116, no. 3-4, p. 368-393, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25279.1.","startPage":"368","endPage":"393","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211067,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25279.1"},{"id":238232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd38e4b08c986b328f1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, K.G.","contributorId":18094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sugarman, P. J.","contributorId":81154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugarman","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Browning, J.V.","contributorId":18889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kominz, M.A.","contributorId":107471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kominz","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olsson, R.K.","contributorId":83296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsson","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Feigenson, M.D.","contributorId":65641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feigenson","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hernandez, J.C.","contributorId":29613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernandez","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70027551,"text":"70027551 - 2004 - Origin of the Blue Ridge escarpment along the passive margin of Eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-08T11:59:56.860163","indexId":"70027551","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":972,"text":"Basin Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of the Blue Ridge escarpment along the passive margin of Eastern North America","docAbstract":"The Blue Ridge escarpment is a rugged landform situated within the ancient Appalachian orogen. While similar in some respects to the great escarpments along other passive margins, which have evolved by erosion following rifting, its youthful topographic expression has inspired proposals of Cenozoic tectonic rejuvenation in eastern North America. To better understand the post-orogenic and post-rift geomorphic evolution of passive margins, we have examined the origin of this landform using low-temperature thermochronometry and manipulation of topographic indices. Apatite (U-Th)/He and fission-track analyses along transects across the escarpment reveal a younging trend towards the coast. This pattern is consistent with other great escarpments and fits with an interpretation of having evolved by prolonged erosion, without the requirement of tectonic rejuvenation. Measured ages are also comparable specifically to those measured along other great escarpments that are as much as 100 Myr younger. This suggests that erosional mechanisms that maintain rugged escarpments in the early post-rift stages may remain active on ancient passive margins for prolonged periods. The precise erosional evolution of the escarpment is less clear, however, and several end-member models can explain the data. Our preferred model, which fits with all data, involves a significant degree of erosional escarpment retreat in the Cenozoic. Although this suggests that early onset of topographic stability is not required of passive margin evolution, more data are required to better constrain the details of the escarpment's development.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Online Library","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2117.2003.00219.x","usgsCitation":"Spotila, J., Bank, G., Reiners, P., Naeser, C.W., Naeser, N.D., and Henika, B., 2004, Origin of the Blue Ridge escarpment along the passive margin of Eastern North America: Basin Research, v. 16, no. 1, p. 41-63, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2003.00219.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"63","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Blue Ridge escarpment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.6162109375,\n 34.63320791137959\n ],\n [\n -83.7158203125,\n 34.70549341022544\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 36.24427318493909\n ],\n [\n -78.22265625,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -76.201171875,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -72.8173828125,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -68.9501953125,\n 44.933696389694674\n ],\n [\n -68.6865234375,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -76.2451171875,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -86.6162109375,\n 34.63320791137959\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70f7e4b0c8380cd76384","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spotila, J.A.","contributorId":41163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spotila","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bank, G.C.","contributorId":97701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bank","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reiners, P.W.","contributorId":34241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiners","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Naeser, N. D.","contributorId":74510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Henika, B.S.","contributorId":30030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henika","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027051,"text":"70027051 - 2004 - Deformation during terrane accretion in the Saint Elias orogen, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-05T07:42:53","indexId":"70027051","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation during terrane accretion in the Saint Elias orogen, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Saint Elias orogen of southern Alaska and adjacent Canada is a complex belt of mountains formed by collision and accretion of the Yakutat terrane into the transition zone from transform faulting to subduction in the northeast Pacific. The orogen is an active analog for tectonic processes that formed much of the North American Cordillera, and is also an important site to study (1) the relationships between climate and tectonics, and (2) structures that generate large- to great-magnitude earthquakes. The Yakutat terrane is a fragment of the North American plate margin that is partly subducted beneath and partly accreted to the continental margin of southern Alaska. Interaction between the Yakutat terrane and the North American and Pacific plates causes significant differences in the style of deformation within the terrane. Deformation in the eastern part of the terrane is caused by strike-slip faulting along the Fairweather transform fault and by reverse faulting beneath the coastal mountains, but there is little deformation immediately offshore. The central part of the orogen is marked by thrusting of the Yakutat terrane beneath the North American plate along the Chugach-Saint Elias fault and development of a wide, thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belt. Strike-slip faulting in this segment may he localized in the hanging wall of the Chugach-Saint Elias fault, or dissipated by thrust faulting beneath a north-northeast-trending belt of active deformation that cuts obliquely across the eastern end of the fold-and-thrust belt. Superimposed folds with complex shapes and plunging hinge lines accommodate horizontal shortening and extension in the western part of the orogen, where the sedimentary cover of the Yakutat terrane is accreted into the upper plate of the Aleutian subduction zone. These three structural segments are separated by transverse tectonic boundaries that cut across the Yakutat terrane and also coincide with the courses of piedmont glaciers that flow from the topographic backbone of the Saint Elias Mountains onto the coastal plain. The Malaspina fault-Pamplona structural zone separates the eastern and central parts of the orogen and is marked by reverse faulting and folding. Onshore, most of this boundary is buried beneath the western or \"Agassiz\" lobe of the Malaspina piedmont glacier. The boundary between the central fold-and-thrust belt and western zone of superimposed folding lies beneath the middle and lower course of the Bering piedmont glacier.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScieneWorld","doi":"10.1130/B25182.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Bruhn, R., Pavlis, T., Plafker, G., and Serpa, L., 2004, Deformation during terrane accretion in the Saint Elias orogen, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 116, no. 7-8, p. 771-787, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25182.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"787","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Canada","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.875,\n 53.4357192066942\n ],\n [\n -126.73828125,\n 53.4357192066942\n ],\n [\n -126.73828125,\n 63.97596090918338\n ],\n [\n -151.875,\n 63.97596090918338\n ],\n [\n -151.875,\n 53.4357192066942\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe45e4b0c8380cd4ec27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bruhn, R.L.","contributorId":46972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruhn","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlis, T.L.","contributorId":94473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlis","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plafker, George 0000-0003-3972-0390","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3972-0390","contributorId":36603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Serpa, L.","contributorId":79683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serpa","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027385,"text":"70027385 - 2004 - Conservative and reactive solute transport in constructed wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:41:28","indexId":"70027385","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservative and reactive solute transport in constructed wetlands","docAbstract":"The transport of bromide, a conservative tracer, and rhodamine WT (RWT), a photodegrading tracer, was evaluated in three wastewater‐dependent wetlands near Phoenix, Arizona, using a solute transport model with transient storage. Coupled sodium bromide and RWT tracer tests were performed to establish conservative transport and reactive parameters in constructed wetlands with water losses ranging from (1) relatively impermeable (15%), (2) moderately leaky (45%), and (3) significantly leaky (76%). RWT first‐order photolysis rates and sorption coefficients were determined from independent field and laboratory experiments. Individual wetland hydraulic profiles influenced the extent of transient storage interaction in stagnant water areas and consequently RWT removal. Solute mixing and transient storage interaction occurred in the impermeable wetland, resulting in 21% RWT mass loss from main channel and storage zone photolysis (10%) and sorption (11%) reactions. Advection and dispersion governed solute transport in the leaky wetland, limiting RWT photolysis removal (1.2%) and favoring main channel sorption (3.6%). The moderately leaky wetland contained islands parallel to flow, producing channel flow and minimizing RWT losses (1.6%).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003WR002130","usgsCitation":"Keefe, S.H., Barber, L.B., Runkel, R.L., Ryan, J.N., McKnight, D.M., and Wass, R.D., 2004, Conservative and reactive solute transport in constructed wetlands: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 1, W01201; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002130.","productDescription":"W01201; 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9f7e4b0c8380cd4d84b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keefe, Steffanie H. 0000-0002-3805-6101 shkeefe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3805-6101","contributorId":2843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefe","given":"Steffanie","email":"shkeefe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":413441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wass, Roland D.","contributorId":72858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wass","given":"Roland","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027451,"text":"70027451 - 2004 - Synthrusting deposition of the Pennsylvanian and Permian Strathearn Formation, Northern Carlin Trend, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70027451","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthrusting deposition of the Pennsylvanian and Permian Strathearn Formation, Northern Carlin Trend, Nevada","docAbstract":"The middle Upper Pennsylvanian and middle Lower Permian Strathearn Formation belongs to the overlap assemblage of the Antler orogen in Nevada. At Beaver Peak, near the Carlin Trend of gold deposits, it contains synorogenic conglomerate deposits associated with emplacement of a regionally extensive, 1-km-thick tectonic wedge that is floored by the Coyote thrust. Normal marine conodont biofacies throughout the Strathearn Formation suggest middle shelf or deeper, depositional environments. The allochthon floored by the Coyote thrust has been thrust above a middle Upper Pennsylvanian, lower conglomerate unit of the Strathearn Formation. A middle Lower Permian upper conglomerate unit, the highest unit recognized in the Strathearn Formation, as well as similarly aged dolomitic siltstone, onlap directly onto Ordovician quartzarenite of the Vinini Formation that makes up most of the Coyote allochthon. Quartz grains and quartzarenite fragments of variable roundness and shape in the conglomerate units were derived from the presently adjoining tectonic lobe of mostly quartzarenite that advanced southeast (present geographic coordinates) during the late Paleozoic into the developing Strathearn basin. Chert fragments in the conglomerates probably were derived mostly from Devonian Slaven Chert, including a widespread thick me??lange unit of the Slaven Chert in the footwall of the Coyote thrust.Lithologic and shape ratio data from approximately 4200 clasts at 17 sites of the two major conglomerate units in the Strathearn Formation at Beaver Peak are roughly similar in that they contain only chert and quartzarenite clasts, and chert clasts predominate in both units. They differ in the relative proportion of the two lithologies whereby quartzarenite clasts increase sixfold in the upper unit (middle Lower Permian) versus its content in the lower conglomerate unit. Relations at the unconformity between the upper conglomerate unit and its underlying quartzarenite shows quartzarenite fragments actually breaking away from an immediately subjacent source. Ordovocian quartzarenite, which forms a tectonically uplifted wedge with the Coyote thrust at its base, became a source region for much of the quartzarenite detritus deposited preferentially in the upper parts of the Strathearn Formation. The conglomerate units of the Strathearn Formation temporally bracket emplacement of the Coyote thrust. Thrusting related to contractional reactivation of the Robert Mountains thrust system largely was completed by middle Early Permian. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2003.10.012","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Theodore, T.G., Berger, V., Singer, D., Harris, A., and Stevens, C., 2004, Synthrusting deposition of the Pennsylvanian and Permian Strathearn Formation, Northern Carlin Trend, Nevada: Sedimentary Geology, v. 165, no. 1-2, p. 1-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2003.10.012.","startPage":"1","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211188,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2003.10.012"},{"id":238411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba362e4b08c986b31fca7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Theodore, T. G.","contributorId":38122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodore","given":"T.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, V.I.","contributorId":50920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"V.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Singer, D.A.","contributorId":69128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harris, A. G.","contributorId":39791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stevens, C.H.","contributorId":16102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"C.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027461,"text":"70027461 - 2004 - Stress triggering in thrust and subduction earthquakes and stress interaction between the southern San Andreas and nearby thrust and strike-slip faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-08T16:53:43.432049","indexId":"70027461","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress triggering in thrust and subduction earthquakes and stress interaction between the southern San Andreas and nearby thrust and strike-slip faults","docAbstract":"We argue that key features of thrust earthquake triggering, inhibition, and clustering can be explained by Coulomb stress changes, which we illustrate by a suite of representative models and by detailed examples. Whereas slip on surface-cutting thrust faults drops the stress in most of the adjacent crust, slip on blind thrust faults increases the stress on some nearby zones, particularly above the source fault. Blind thrusts can thus trigger slip on secondary faults at shallow depth and typically produce broadly distributed aftershocks. Short thrust ruptures are particularly efficient at triggering earthquakes of similar size on adjacent thrust faults. We calculate that during a progressive thrust sequence in central California the 1983 Mw = 6.7 Coalinga earthquake brought the subsequent 1983 Mw = 6.0 Nuñez and 1985 Mw = 6.0 Kettleman Hills ruptures 10 bars and 1 bar closer to Coulomb failure. The idealized stress change calculations also reconcile the distribution of seismicity accompanying large subduction events, in agreement with findings of prior investigations. Subduction zone ruptures are calculated to promote normal faulting events in the outer rise and to promote thrust-faulting events on the periphery of the seismic rupture and its downdip extension. These features are evident in aftershocks of the 1957 Mw = 9.1 Aleutian and other large subduction earthquakes. We further examine stress changes on the rupture surface imparted by the 1960 Mw = 9.5 and 1995 Mw = 8.1 Chile earthquakes, for which detailed slip models are available. Calculated Coulomb stress increases of 2–20 bars correspond closely to sites of aftershocks and postseismic slip, whereas aftershocks are absent where the stress drops by more than 10 bars. We also argue that slip on major strike-slip systems modulates the stress acting on nearby thrust and strike-slip faults. We calculate that the 1857 Mw = 7.9 Fort Tejon earthquake on the San Andreas fault and subsequent interseismic slip brought the Coalinga fault ∼1 bar closer to failure but inhibited failure elsewhere on the Coast Ranges thrust faults. The 1857 earthquake also promoted failure on the White Wolf reverse fault by 8 bars, which ruptured in the 1952 Mw = 7.3 Kern County shock but inhibited slip on the left-lateral Garlock fault, which has not ruptured since 1857. We thus contend that stress transfer exerts a control on the seismicity of thrust faults across a broad spectrum of spatial and temporal scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002607","usgsCitation":"Lin, J., and Stein, R., 2004, Stress triggering in thrust and subduction earthquakes and stress interaction between the southern San Andreas and nearby thrust and strike-slip faults: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 2, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002607.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478380,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jb002607","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 33.43144133557529\n ],\n [\n -115.400390625,\n 32.80574473290688\n ],\n [\n -115.79589843749999,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -118.16894531249999,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -118.5205078125,\n 34.84987503195418\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 33.43144133557529\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b69e4b08c986b31ce82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lin, J.","contributorId":33065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027776,"text":"70027776 - 2004 - Comparison of USGS and DLR topographic models of Comet Borrelly and photometric applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-11T11:23:50","indexId":"70027776","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of USGS and DLR topographic models of Comet Borrelly and photometric applications","docAbstract":"Stereo analysis of images obtained during the 2001 flyby of Comet Borrelly by NASA's Deep Space 1 (DS1) probe allows us to quantify the shape and photometric behavior of the nucleus. The shape is complex, with planar facets corresponding to the dark, mottled regions of the surface whereas the bright, smooth regions are convexly curved. The photometric as well as textural differences between these regions can be explained in terms of topography (roughness) at and below the image resolution, without invoking significant variations in single-particle properties; the material on Borrelly's surface could be quite uniform. A statistical comparison of the digital elevation models (DEMs) produced from the three highest-resolution images independently at the USGS and DLR shows that their difference standard deviation is 120 m, consistent with a matching error of 0.20 pixel (similar to reported matching accuracies for many other stereo datasets). The DEMs also show some systematic differences attributable to manual versus automatic matching. Disk-resolved photometric modeling of the nucleus using the DEM shows that bright, smooth terrains on Borrelly are similar in roughness (Hapke roughness θ=20°) to C-type asteroid Mathilde but slightly brighter and more backscattering (single-scattering albedo w=0.056, Henyey–Greenstein phase parameter g=−0.32). The dark, mottled terrain is photometrically consistent with the same particles but with roughnesses as large as 60°. Intrinsically darker material is inconsistent with the phase behavior of these regions. Many local radiance variations are clearly related to topography, and others are consistent with a topographic explanation; one need not invoke albedo variations greater than a few tens of percent to explain the appearance of Borrelly.
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Analysis of these features suggest that the composition of Braille is roughly equal parts pyroxene and olivine. Its spectrum between 0.4 and 2.5 ??m suggests that it is most closely related to the Q taxonomic type of asteroid. The spectrum also closely matches that of the ordinary chondrites, the most common type of terrestrial meteorite. The geometric albedo of Braille is unusually high (pv = 0.34), which is also consistent with its placement within the rarer classes of stony asteroids, and which suggests it has a relatively fresh, unweathered surface, perhaps due to a recent collision. ?? 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2003.06.002","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Buratti, B.J., Britt, D., Soderblom, L., Hicks, M., Boice, D.C., Brown, R.H., Meier, R., Nelson, R., Oberst, J., Owen, T., Rivkin, A., Sandel, B., Stern, S., Thomas, N., and Yelle, R., 2004, 9969 Braille: Deep Space 1 infrared spectroscopy, geometric albedo, and classification: Icarus, v. 167, no. 1, p. 129-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2003.06.002.","startPage":"129","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211231,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2003.06.002"},{"id":238468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"167","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e270e4b0c8380cd45ba7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buratti, B. 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