The effects of multiple routes of cadmium exposure on juvenile American toads (Bufo americanus) were evaluated using environmentally relevant concentrations. During or after exposure, toads were individually hibernated for 172 days at approximately 4°C. The following experiments were conducted: (1) dermal exposure (hibernation in soil contaminated with up to 120 μg Cd/g (dry weight)); (2) injection exposure (single injection with cadmium to achieve a maximum whole-body nominal concentration of 3 μg Cd/g (wet weight) 12 days before hibernation in uncontaminated soil); and, (3) oral exposure (feeding with mealworms containing ≤16 μg Cd/g (dry weight) for 50 days before hibernation in uncontaminated soil)., We hypothesized that sublethal levels of cadmium would become lethal during hibernation because of combined chemical and cold stress. No prehibernation mortality occurred in the injection and oral exposure studies. There was a significant treatment effect on whole-body cadmium concentration in toads orally or dermally exposed and on percent of cadmium retention in toads orally exposed. There was also a trend of increased time-to-burrowing and more toads partially buried with greater cadmium concentration in the dermal study, which indicated avoidance. In all 3 experiments, no significant differences were found among cadmium treatments in hibernation survival, percent of mass loss, or locomotor performance. However, toads fed mealworms averaging 4.7 μg Cd/g (dry weight) had only 56% survival compared with 100% survival for controls. Although our results suggest that environmentally relevant levels of cadmium do not pose a great risk to American toads, factors such as soil type or prey species may increase cadmium bioavailability, and other amphibian species may be more sensitive to cadmium than B. americanus.
","language":"English","publisher":"SpringerLink","doi":"10.1007/s00244-003-3005-x","usgsCitation":"James, S., Little, E.E., and Semlitsch, R.D., 2004, Effects of multiple routes of cadmium exposure on the hibernation success of the American toad (Bufo americanus): Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 46, no. 4, p. 518-527, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-003-3005-x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"518","endPage":"527","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a065de4b0c8380cd51200","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, S.M.","contributorId":8267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Little, E. E.","contributorId":13187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":413063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Semlitsch, R. D.","contributorId":22522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semlitsch","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026940,"text":"70026940 - 2004 - Age of the Rockland tephra, western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-23T09:01:59","indexId":"70026940","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age of the Rockland tephra, western USA","docAbstract":"The age of the Rockland tephra, which includes an ash-flow tuff south and west of Lassen Peak in northern California and a widespread ash-fall deposit that produced a distinct stratigraphic marker in western North America, is constrained to 565,000 to 610,000 yr by 40Ar/39Ar and U–Pb dating. 40Ar/39Ar ages on plagioclase from pumice in the Rockland have a weighted mean age of 609,000 ± 7000 yr. Isotopic ages of spots on individual zircon crystals, analyzed by the SHRIMP-RG ion microprobe, range from ∼500,000 to ∼800,000 yr; a subpopulation representing crystal rims yielded a weighted-mean age of 573,000 ± 19,000 yr. Overall stratigraphic constraints on the age are provided by two volcanic units, including the underlying tephra of the Lava Creek Tuff erupted within Yellowstone National Park that has an age of 639,000 ± 2000 yr. The basaltic andesite of Hootman Ranch stratigraphically overlies the Rockland in the Lassen Peak area and has 40Ar/39Ar ages of 565,000 ± 29,000 and 565,000 ± 12,000 yr for plagioclase and groundmass, respectively. Identification of Rockland tephra in ODP core 1018 offshore of central California is an important stratigraphic age that also constrains the eruption age to between 580,000 and 600,000 yr.
","largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2004.03.001","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Lanphere, M.A., Champion, D., Clynne, M., Lowenstern, J.B., Sarna-Wojcicki, A., and Wooden, J.L., 2004, Age of the Rockland tephra, western USA: Quaternary Research, v. 62, no. 1, p. 94-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.03.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209216,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.03.001"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8f1e4b0c8380cd47fc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Champion, D.E.","contributorId":70402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":104022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70194311,"text":"70194311 - 2004 - Modeling demographic performance of northern spotted owls relative to forest habitat in Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T19:23:25","indexId":"70194311","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling demographic performance of northern spotted owls relative to forest habitat in Oregon","docAbstract":"Northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) are known to be associated with late-successional forests in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, but the effects of habitat on their demographic performance are relatively unknown. We developed statistical models relating owl survival and productivity to forest cover types within the Roseburg Study Area in the Oregon Coast Range of Oregon, USA. We further combined these demographic parameters using a Leslie-type matrix to obtain an estimate of habitat fitness potential for each owl territory (n = 94). We used mark–recapture methods to develop models for survival and linear mixed models for productivity. We measured forest composition and landscape patterns at 3 landscape scales centered on nest and activity sites within owl territories using an aerial photo-based map and a Geographic Information System (GIS). We also considered additional covariates such as age, sex, and presence of barred owls (Strix varia), and seasonal climate variables (temperature and precipitation) in our models. We used Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to rank and compare models. Survival had a quadratic relationship with the amount of late- and mid-seral forests within 1,500 m of nesting centers. Survival also was influenced by the amount of precipitation during the nesting season. Only 16% of the variability in survival was accounted for by our best model, but 85% of this was due to the habitat variable. Reproductive rates fluctuated biennially and were positively related to the amount of edge between late- and mid-seral forests and other habitat classes. Reproductive rates also were influenced by parent age, amount of precipitation during nesting season, and presence of barred owls. Our best model accounted for 84% of the variability in productivity, but only 3% of that was due to the habitat variable. Estimates of habitat fitness potential (which may range from 0 to infinity) for the 94 territories ranged from 0.74 to 1.15 (x̄ = 1.05, SE = 0.07). All but 1 territory had 95% confidence intervals overlapping 1.0, indicating a potentially stable population based on habitat pattern. Our results seem to indicate that while mid- and late-seral forests are important to owls, a mixture of these forest types with younger forest and nonforest may be best for owl survival and reproduction. Our results are consistent with those of researchers in northern California, USA, who used similar methods in their analyses. However, we believe that given the low variability in survival and productivity attributed to habitat, further study is needed to confirm our conclusions before they can be used to guide forest management actions for spotted owls.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[1039:MDPONS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Olson, G.S., Glenn, E.M., Anthony, R., Forsman, E.D., Reid, J.A., Loschl, P.J., and Ripple, W.J., 2004, Modeling demographic performance of northern spotted owls relative to forest habitat in Oregon: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 68, no. 4, p. 1039-1053, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[1039:MDPONS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1039","endPage":"1053","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349254,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61194be4b06e28e9c2597f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Gail S.","contributorId":19884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, Elizabeth M.","contributorId":150580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, Robert G.","contributorId":61324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Forsman, Eric D.","contributorId":96792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forsman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reid, Janice A.","contributorId":98034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Loschl, Peter J.","contributorId":7195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loschl","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ripple, William J.","contributorId":24271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ripple","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70026333,"text":"70026333 - 2004 - Evaluating fault rupture hazard for strike-slip earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T11:39:29","indexId":"70026333","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluating fault rupture hazard for strike-slip earthquakes","docAbstract":"We present fault displacement data, regressions, and a methodology to calculate in both a probabilistic and deterministic framework the fault rupture hazard for strike-slip faults. To assess this hazard we consider: (1) the size of the earthquake and probability that it will rupture to the surface, (2) the rate of all potential earthquakes on the fault (3) the distance of the site along and from the mapped fault, (4) the complexity of the fault and quality of the fault mapping, (5) the size of the structure that will be placed at the site, and (6) the potential and size of displacements along or near the fault. Probabilistic fault rupture hazard analysis should be an important consideration in design of structures or lifelines that are located within about 50m of well-mapped active faults.","largerWorkTitle":"Geotechnical Special Publication","conferenceTitle":"Geotechnical Engineering for Transportation Projects: Proceedings of Geo-Trans 2004","conferenceDate":"27 July 2004 through 31 July 2004","conferenceLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40744(154)66","issn":"08950563","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.D., Cao, T., Dawson, T., Frankel, A.D., Wills, C., and Schwartz, D.P., 2004, Evaluating fault rupture hazard for strike-slip earthquakes, in Geotechnical Special Publication, no. 126 I, Los Angeles, CA, 27 July 2004 through 31 July 2004, p. 787-796, https://doi.org/10.1061/40744(154)66.","startPage":"787","endPage":"796","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"126 I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0be3e4b0c8380cd52914","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Yegian M.K.Kavazanjian E.","contributorId":128426,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Yegian M.K.Kavazanjian E.","id":536595,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Mark D. 0000-0001-8542-3990 mpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8542-3990","contributorId":1163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Mark","email":"mpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cao, Tianqing","contributorId":27965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cao","given":"Tianqing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, Tim","contributorId":50692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":1363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wills, Chris","contributorId":61697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wills","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027112,"text":"70027112 - 2004 - Immunomodulation and disease resistance in postyearling rainbow trout infected with Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-26T17:44:00.288567","indexId":"70027112","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Immunomodulation and disease resistance in postyearling rainbow trout infected with Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease","title":"Immunomodulation and disease resistance in postyearling rainbow trout infected with Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease","docAbstract":"Myxobolus cerebralis, the myxosporean parasite that causes whirling disease, has a number of deleterious effects on its salmonid host. Although it is well established that juvenile salmonids in the active stages of whirling disease mount an immune response to the pathogen, the occurrence and longevity of any related immunomodulatory effects are unknown. In this study, postyearling rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss infected with M. cerebralis were examined for leukocyte functions and for resistance to Yersinia ruckeri, a bacterial pathogen of salmonids. Compared with uninfected controls, M. cerebralis-infected fish showed lower proliferative lymphocyte responses to four mitogens (concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, phytohemagglutinin, and lipopolysaccharide). Conversely, M. cerebralis-infected fish displayed greater bactericidal activity of anterior kidney macrophages than did uninfected fish. After bath challenges with Y. ruckeri, M. cerebralis-infected fish had slightly lower survival and a more rapid onset of mortality than did the control fish. Renal tissue and fecal samples from M. cerebralis-infected and uninfected survivors were cultured for the presence of Y. ruckeri, and no difference in prevalence was noted between the two groups. Because immunomodulatory changes in the M. cerebralis-infected fish involved functional enhancement and suppression of different leukocyte populations, disease resistance among M. cerebralis-infected fish in the later stages of whirling disease will probably vary with the secondary pathogen and the nature of immune response the pathogen evokes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/H03-039.1","usgsCitation":"Densmore, C.L., Ottinger, C.A., Blazer, V., Iwanowicz, L.R., and Smith, D., 2004, Immunomodulation and disease resistance in postyearling rainbow trout infected with Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 16, no. 2, p. 73-82, https://doi.org/10.1577/H03-039.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38a3e4b0c8380cd61635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Christine L. 0000-0001-6440-0781 cdensmore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6440-0781","contributorId":4560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","email":"cdensmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ottinger, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2551-1985 cottinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-1985","contributorId":2559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"Christopher","email":"cottinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":149414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. 0000-0002-1197-6178 liwanowicz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":190787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke","email":"liwanowicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035530,"text":"70035530 - 2004 - Hydraulic modeling and scour analysis for the San Francisco - Oakland Bay Bridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035530","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydraulic modeling and scour analysis for the San Francisco - Oakland Bay Bridge","docAbstract":"A study was conducted to determine potential maximum scour depths for the foundations of the replacement east span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, as part of the ongoing structural design. This effort presented unique challenges as strong tidal currents, large depths, and cohesive bottom sediments characterize the site. The authors met these challenges with a multi-faceted approach to the problem. First, design current velocities were determined using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of San Francisco Bay in conjunction with ADCP hydrographic surveys. Analytical scour calculations were performed and live-bed flume tests of the proposed foundations were also conducted. Finally, two separate methodologies were used to interpret the physical model tests in order to calculate potential scour depths around the foundations. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)16","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"Shelden, J., Smith, E., Sheppard, D., and Odeh, M., 2004, Hydraulic modeling and scour analysis for the San Francisco - Oakland Bay Bridge, in Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)16.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216182,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)16"},{"id":244035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32f6e4b0c8380cd5ebf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelden, J.G.","contributorId":76964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelden","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, E.D.","contributorId":81335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheppard, D.M.","contributorId":36336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Odeh, M.","contributorId":95413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odeh","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026729,"text":"70026729 - 2004 - Response of desert biological soil crusts to alterations in precipitation frequency","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026729","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of desert biological soil crusts to alterations in precipitation frequency","docAbstract":"Biological soil crusts, a community of cyanobacteria, lichens, and mosses that live on the soil surface, occur in deserts throughout the world. They are a critical component of desert ecosystems, as they are important contributors to soil fertility and stability. Future climate scenarios predict alteration of the timing and amount of precipitation in desert environments. Because biological soil crust organisms are only metabolically active when wet, and as soil surfaces dry quickly in deserts during late spring, summer, and early fall, the amount and timing of precipitation is likely to have significant impacts on the physiological functioning of these communities. Using the three dominant soil crust types found in the western United States, we applied three levels of precipitation frequency (50% below-average, average, and 50% above-average) while maintaining average precipitation amount (therefore changing both timing and size of applied events). We measured the impact of these treatments on photosynthetic performance (as indicated by dark-adapted quantum yield and chlorophyll a concentrations), nitrogenase activity, and the ability of these organisms to maintain concentrations of radiation-protective pigments (scytonemin, beta-carotene, echinenone, xanthophylls, and canthaxanthin). Increased precipitation frequency produced little response after 2.5 months exposure during spring (1 April-15 June) or summer (15 June-31 August). In contrast, most of the above variables had a large, negative response after exposure to increased precipitation frequency for 6 months spring-fall (1 April-31 October) treatment. The crusts dominated by the soil lichen Collema, being dark and protruding above the surface, dried the most rapidly, followed by the dark surface cyanobacterial crusts (Nostoc-Scytonema-Microcoleus), and then by the light cyanobacterial crusts (Microcoleus). This order reflected the magnitude of the observed response: crusts dominated by the lichen Collema showed the largest decline in quantum yield, chlorophyll a, and protective pigments; crusts dominated by Nostoc-Scytonema-Microcoleus showed an intermediate decline in these variables; and the crusts dominated by Microcoleus showed the least negative response. Most previous studies of crust response to radiation stress have been short-term laboratory studies, where organisms were watered and kept under moderate temperatures. Such conditions would give crust organisms access to ample carbon to respond to imposed stresses (e.g., production of UV-protective pigments, replacement of degraded chlorophyll). In contrast, our longer-term study showed that under field conditions of high air temperatures and frequent, small precipitation events, crust organisms appear unable to produce protective pigments in response to radiation stress, as they likely dried more quickly than when they received larger, less frequent events. Reduced activity time likely resulted in less carbon available to produce or repair chlorophyll a and/or protective pigments. Our findings may partially explain the global observation that soil lichen cover and richness declines as the frequency of summer rainfall increases. ?? Springer-Verlag 2003.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00442-003-1438-6","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., Phillips, S.L., and Miller, M.E., 2004, Response of desert biological soil crusts to alterations in precipitation frequency: Oecologia, v. 141, no. 2, p. 306-316, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1438-6.","startPage":"306","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478194,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1232743","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208590,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1438-6"},{"id":234425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa41e4b0c8380cd86225","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, S. L.","contributorId":94460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, M. E.","contributorId":104003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194920,"text":"70194920 - 2004 - Monitoring radionuclide contamination in the unsaturated zone - Lessons learned at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-11T06:26:47","indexId":"70194920","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"chapter":"6.4","title":"Monitoring radionuclide contamination in the unsaturated zone - Lessons learned at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Contaminant-transport processes are being investigated at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Amargosa Desert Research Site (A DRS), adjacent to the Nation’s first commercial disposal facility for low-level radioactive waste. Gases containing tritium and radiocarbon are migrating through a 110-m thick unsaturated zone from unlined trenches that received waste from 1962 to 1992. Results relevant to long- term monitoring of radionuclides are summarized as follows. Contaminant plumes have unexpected histories and spatial configurations due to uncertainties in the: (1) geologic framework, (2) biochemical reactions involving waste components, (3) interactions between plume components and unsaturated-zone materials, (4) disposal practices, and (5) physical transport processes. Information on plume dynamics depends on ex-situ wet-chemical techniques because in-situ sensors for the radionuclides of interest do not exist. As at other radioactive-waste disposal facilities, radionuclides at the ADRS are mixed with varying amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Carbon-dioxide and VOC anomalies provide proxies for radioactive contamination. Contaminants in the unsaturated zone migrate along preferential pathways. Effective monitoring thus requires accurate geologic characterization. Direct- current electrical-resistivity imaging successfully mapped geologic units controlling preferential transport at the ADRS. Direct sampling of water from the unsaturated zone is complex and time consuming. Sampling plant water is an efficient alternative for mapping shallow tritium contamination.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Workshop on long-term performance monitoring of metals and radionuclides in the subsurface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint workshop on long-term monitoring of metals and radionuclides in the subsurface: Strategies, tools and case studies","conferenceDate":"April 21-22, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Reston, VA","language":"English","publisher":"Center for Integrated Sensor Technology and Environmental Monitoring Systems","usgsCitation":"Stonestrom, D.A., Abraham, J., Andraski, B.J., Baker, R.J., Mayers, C., Michel, R.L., Prudic, D.E., Striegl, R.G., and Walvoord, M.A., 2004, Monitoring radionuclide contamination in the unsaturated zone - Lessons learned at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nye County, Nevada, in Proceedings, Workshop on long-term performance monitoring of metals and radionuclides in the subsurface, Reston, VA, April 21-22, 2004, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","city":"Beatty","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert Research Site","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-115.9082,39.1615],[-115.5191,38.9578],[-115.4725,38.9325],[-115.4433,38.9162],[-115.3694,38.8769],[-115.363,38.874],[-115.242,38.8093],[-115.0969,38.7309],[-115.0777,38.721],[-115.0604,38.7107],[-115.0291,38.6937],[-114.999,38.6777],[-114.9996,38.592],[-114.9997,38.4315],[-114.9994,38.3894],[-115.0004,38.0507],[-115.1185,38.0508],[-115.1436,38.0508],[-115.326,38.0515],[-115.3453,38.0514],[-115.4003,38.051],[-115.4587,38.0506],[-115.6394,38.0512],[-115.6581,38.051],[-115.8404,38.0504],[-115.8931,38.0507],[-115.8938,37.723],[-115.8969,37.5498],[-115.8975,37.2796],[-115.8982,37.1926],[-115.8942,36.8425],[-115.8941,36.686],[-115.8945,36.6702],[-115.8949,36.598],[-115.8949,36.5962],[-115.8946,36.5858],[-115.8947,36.5005],[-115.8945,36.4806],[-115.8949,36.462],[-115.8944,36.457],[-115.8948,36.3087],[-115.8945,36.2923],[-115.8943,36.1957],[-115.8945,36.1608],[-115.8948,36.1163],[-115.8948,36.0927],[-115.895,36.0015],[-115.9178,36.0192],[-115.9518,36.0457],[-115.9925,36.0773],[-116.049,36.1211],[-116.0624,36.1314],[-116.1039,36.1636],[-116.1287,36.1829],[-116.1702,36.2152],[-116.173,36.2174],[-116.2311,36.2626],[-116.2834,36.3028],[-116.2954,36.3122],[-116.3752,36.373],[-116.5107,36.4764],[-116.5247,36.4871],[-116.5589,36.5131],[-116.574,36.5245],[-116.5946,36.54],[-116.6556,36.5867],[-116.6583,36.5888],[-116.6764,36.6024],[-116.706,36.6248],[-116.7895,36.6877],[-116.8424,36.7276],[-116.8453,36.7298],[-116.8806,36.7568],[-116.8912,36.7648],[-116.9237,36.7891],[-116.9641,36.8193],[-116.9783,36.8299],[-116.981,36.8319],[-117.0046,36.8495],[-117.164,36.9688],[-117.1639,36.9698],[-117.1637,37.0182],[-117.164,37.0894],[-117.1642,37.171],[-117.1641,37.1909],[-117.1641,37.1936],[-117.1665,37.6995],[-117.1664,37.714],[-117.1663,37.7285],[-117.1663,37.7435],[-117.1662,37.7585],[-117.1657,38.0019],[-117.2198,38.0482],[-117.2397,38.0483],[-117.239,38.0641],[-117.2408,38.0705],[-117.2653,38.0932],[-117.6896,38.4731],[-118.0197,38.7599],[-118.197,38.9154],[-118.1972,38.9993],[-117.8559,39.0746],[-117.7748,39.092],[-117.7008,39.1058],[-117.6409,39.1149],[-117.5946,39.1231],[-117.4742,39.1431],[-117.3823,39.1562],[-117.3609,39.1585],[-117.3318,39.1629],[-117.3063,39.1634],[-117.2849,39.1633],[-117.1995,39.1632],[-117.0856,39.1628],[-117.0322,39.1626],[-117.0144,39.1626],[-116.9871,39.1625],[-116.9158,39.1631],[-116.7562,39.1622],[-116.7301,39.1625],[-116.5996,39.1616],[-116.5859,39.162],[-116.4815,39.1616],[-116.3497,39.1618],[-116.2358,39.1616],[-116.0548,39.1624],[-115.9082,39.1615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nye\",\"state\":\"NV\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7040d7e4b06e28e9cae4fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abraham, Jared D.","contributorId":42630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Jared D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baker, Ronald J. rbaker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Ronald","email":"rbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mayers, C. Justin cjmayers@usgs.gov","contributorId":2306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayers","given":"C. Justin","email":"cjmayers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70194906,"text":"70194906 - 2004 - Extraction of paleohydrology and paleoclimate proxies from vadose zones and paleolake records in the southwestern Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-29T14:26:00","indexId":"70194906","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Extraction of paleohydrology and paleoclimate proxies from vadose zones and paleolake records in the southwestern Great Basin","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
The U.S. Geological Survey's Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) is one of 17 USGS biological science centers nationwide. FORT conducts research and develops technical applications to assist land managers in understanding and managing biological resources, habitats, and ecosystems. Although the majority of FORT's activities are conducted within the 15-state Central Region of the USGS, many FORT projects are national or international in scope.
\nFORT serves all Department of the Interior land management bureaus and other natural resource agencies. In addition, FORT scientists partner with DOI and other federal entities such as CDC, DOE, EPA, NASA, NIH, and USDA to share expertise and resources. FORT also partners with several universities and works cooperatively with states and nongovernmental organizations. Products and services include reports and publications, predictive models and software, maps and GIS products, and other technical assistance in the form of meetings, workshops, training, field visits, and needs assessments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20043146","usgsCitation":"Banowetz, M., 2004, Fort Collins Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3146, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043146.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122718,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3146.jpg"},{"id":320288,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3146/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e486be4b07f02db50a559","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banowetz, Michele","contributorId":71275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banowetz","given":"Michele","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027299,"text":"70027299 - 2004 - Uptake pathway for Ag bioaccumulation in three benthic invertebrates exposed to contaminated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:56:53","indexId":"70027299","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uptake pathway for Ag bioaccumulation in three benthic invertebrates exposed to contaminated sediments","docAbstract":"We exposed 3 benthic invertebrates, the clam Macoma balthica, the polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentataand the amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus, to Ag-contaminated sediments to evaluate the relative importance of various uptake routes (sediments, porewater or overlying water, and supplementary food) for Ag bioaccumulation. Silver bioaccumulation was evaluated at 4 levels of sediment Ag (0.1, 0,3, 1,2 and 3.3 µmol Ag g-1) and 2 levels of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), <0.5 or ~40 µmol g-1, and compared among food treatments with or without Ag contamination, or with different food rations. L. plumulosus were incubated for 35 d in the Ag-contaminated sediments after 3 mo of Ag-sediment equilibration, and M. balthica and N. arenaceodentata for 19 d after 5 mo equilibration. Ag bioaccumulation in the 3 organisms was significantly correlated with 1N HCl-extractable Ag concentrations (Ag-SEM: simultaneously extracted Ag with AVS) in sediments. The Ag concentrations in porewater and overlying water were greatest in the sediments with least AVS, consistent with previous studies. Nevertheless, the amphipod and clam exposed to oxic sediments (<0.5 µmol AVS g-1) accumulated amounts of Ag similar to those accumulated by organisms exposed to anoxic sediments (~40 µmol AVS g-1), when Ag-SEM levels were comparable. The dissolved Ag source was important for bioaccumulation in the polychaete N. arenaceodentata. Amphipods fed Ag-contaminated food contained ~1.8-fold more tissue Ag concentrations than those fed uncontaminated food. As suggested in kinetic (DYMBAM) modeling studies, ingestion of contaminated sediments and food were the principle routes of Ag bioaccumulation by the benthic invertebrates during chronic exposure, but the relative importance of each uptake route differed among species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Marine Ecology","doi":"10.3354/meps270141","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Yoo, H., Lee, J., Lee, B., Lee, I., Schlekat, C., Koh, C., and Luoma, S., 2004, Uptake pathway for Ag bioaccumulation in three benthic invertebrates exposed to contaminated sediments: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 270, p. 141-152, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps270141.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478229,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps270141","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"270","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd78e4b08c986b32904b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yoo, H.","contributorId":46725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoo","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, J.-S.","contributorId":15787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, B.-G.","contributorId":11777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"B.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, I.T.","contributorId":19352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"I.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schlekat, C.E.","contributorId":89683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlekat","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koh, C.-H.","contributorId":9797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koh","given":"C.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70026124,"text":"70026124 - 2004 - Flood-related, organic-carbon anomalies as possible temporal markers in reservoir bottom sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-01T22:58:28.88559","indexId":"70026124","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flood-related, organic-carbon anomalies as possible temporal markers in reservoir bottom sediments","docAbstract":"Results of a study of sediment cores from four reservoirs in the upper Mississippi River Basin, USA, indicated that anomalous organic carbon concentrations associated with flood deposits may provide detectable temporal markers in reservoir bottom sediments. Temporal markers are needed for reservoir sediment studies to date sediment layers deposited between the 1963–64 cesium-137 peak and the present. For two of four reservoirs studied, anomalously low organic carbon concentrations were measured for a sample interval in the upper part of a sediment core. The anomalous interval was interpreted to have been deposited during the July 1993 flood that affected a large area of the upper Mississippi River Basin. Potentially, the July 1993 flood deposit may be used as a temporal marker in reservoir bottom sediments in parts of the basin affected by the flood. Several uncertainties remain regarding the viability of organic carbon as a temporal marker including the combination of flood, basin, and reservoir characteristics required to produce a recognizable organic carbon marker in the bottom sediment and the optimal sampling strategy needed to detect the marker in a sediment core. It is proposed that flood duration and basin size may be important factors as to whether or not an anomalous and detectable organic carbon layer is deposited in a reservoir.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/07438140409354160","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., 2004, Flood-related, organic-carbon anomalies as possible temporal markers in reservoir bottom sediments: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 20, no. 4, p. 309-321, https://doi.org/10.1080/07438140409354160.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"321","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Coralville Lake, Milford Lake, Perry Lake, Tuttle Creek Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.71455383300781,\n 41.693936942282164\n ],\n [\n -91.50238037109375,\n 41.693936942282164\n ],\n [\n -91.50238037109375,\n 41.83989728790337\n ],\n [\n -91.71455383300781,\n 41.83989728790337\n ],\n [\n -91.71455383300781,\n 41.693936942282164\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.06008911132811,\n 39.05225165582583\n ],\n [\n -96.85821533203125,\n 39.05225165582583\n ],\n [\n -96.85821533203125,\n 39.2758527440647\n ],\n [\n -97.06008911132811,\n 39.2758527440647\n ],\n [\n -97.06008911132811,\n 39.05225165582583\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.77719116210938,\n 39.20246222588238\n ],\n [\n -96.56707763671875,\n 39.20246222588238\n ],\n [\n -96.56707763671875,\n 39.57817336212527\n ],\n [\n -96.77719116210938,\n 39.57817336212527\n ],\n [\n -96.77719116210938,\n 39.20246222588238\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.56594848632812,\n 39.09702872683213\n ],\n [\n -95.35858154296875,\n 39.09702872683213\n ],\n [\n -95.35858154296875,\n 39.297111003754964\n ],\n [\n -95.56594848632812,\n 39.297111003754964\n ],\n [\n -95.56594848632812,\n 39.09702872683213\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1172e4b0c8380cd53fce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":408012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72275,"text":"fs20043148 - 2004 - Fort Collins Science Center: Species and Habitats of Federal Interest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T15:59:00","indexId":"fs20043148","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3148","title":"Fort Collins Science Center: Species and Habitats of Federal Interest","docAbstract":"Ecosystem changes directly affect a wide variety of plant and animal species, floral and faunal communities, and groups of species such as amphibians and grassland birds. Appropriate management of public lands plays a crucial role in the conservation and recovery of endangered species and can be a key element in preventing a species from being listed under the Endangered Species Act. The Species and Habitats of Federal Interest Branch of the Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) conducts research on the ecology, habitat requirements, distribution and abundance, population dynamics, and genetics and systematics of many species facing threatened or endangered status or of special concern to resource management agencies. FORT scientists develop reintroduction and restoration techniques, technologies for monitoring populations, and novel methods to analyze data on population trends and habitat requirements. FORT expertise encompasses both traditional and specialized natural resource disciplines within wildlife biology, including population dynamics, animal behavior, plant and community ecology, inventory and monitoring, statistics and computer applications, conservation genetics, stable isotope analysis, and curatorial expertise.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20043148","usgsCitation":"Stevens, P., 2004, Fort Collins Science Center: Species and Habitats of Federal Interest: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3148, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043148.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125018,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3148.jpg"},{"id":320283,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3148/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4909e4b07f02db56b1bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Patty","contributorId":28321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Patty","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70026133,"text":"70026133 - 2004 - Ground motion in Anchorage, Alaska, from the 2002 Denali fault earthquake: Site response and displacement pulses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-20T11:33:53.372982","indexId":"70026133","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground motion in Anchorage, Alaska, from the 2002 Denali fault earthquake: Site response and displacement pulses","docAbstract":"Data from the 2002 Denali fault earthquake recorded at 26 sites in and near Anchorage, Alaska, show a number of systematic features important in studies of site response and in constructing long-period spectra for use in earthquake engineering. The data demonstrate that National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site classes are a useful way of grouping stations according to site amplification. In general, the sites underlain by lower shear-wave velocities have higher amplification. The amplification on NEHRP class D sites exceeds a factor of 2 relative to an average of motions on class C sites. The amplifications are period dependent. They are in rough agreement with those from previous studies, but the new data show that the amplifications extend to at least 10 sec, periods longer than considered in previous studies. At periods longer than about 14 sec, all sites have motion of similar amplitude, and the ground displacements are similar in shape, polarization, and amplitude for all stations. The displacement ground motion is dominated by a series of four pulses, which are associated with the three subevents identified in inversion studies (the first pulse is composed of P waves from the first subevent). Most of the high-frequency ground motion is associated with the S waves from subevent 1. The pulses from subevents 1 and 2, with moment releases corresponding to M 7.1 and 7.0, are similar to the pulse of displacement radiated by the M 7.1 Hector Mine earthquake. The signature from the largest subevent (M 7.6) is more subdued than those from the first two subevents. The two largest pulses produce response spectra with peaks at a period of about 15 sec. The spectral shape at long periods is in good agreement with the recent 2003 NEHRP code spectra but is in poor agreement with the shape obtained from Eurocode 8.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040606","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., 2004, Ground motion in Anchorage, Alaska, from the 2002 Denali fault earthquake: Site response and displacement pulses: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6B, p. S72-S84, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040606.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"S72","endPage":"S84","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-141.0007667541504,69.64681951728146],[-141.064453125,69.80172356231073],[-141.767578125,69.96043926902489],[-142.734375,70.1478274118401],[-143.26171875,70.25945200030638],[-144.99755859375,70.1925497583889],[-146.14013671875,70.21487465331137],[-147.43652343749997,70.32613725493573],[-148.40332031249997,70.51024068514326],[-149.47998046875,70.63448406630856],[-149.85351562499997,70.63448406630856],[-150.64453125,70.59802116106809],[-151.611328125,70.61261423801925],[-151.8310546875,70.7724429742589],[-152.02880859375,70.90226826757711],[-152.666015625,71.0098110139634],[-153.52294921875,71.05979781529196],[-154.31396484375,70.95969716686398],[-154.70947265625,71.20191973293133],[-155.41259765625,71.3219146980122],[-156.46728515625,71.45515260247822],[-157.10449218749997,71.34301347171373],[-157.58789062499997,71.21607526596131],[-157.91748046875,70.99550574822297],[-158.62060546875,70.9883492241249],[-159.30175781249997,70.98119010476937],[-159.98291015625,70.94535555009823],[-160.51025390625,70.73622993891799],[-160.90576171875,70.58341752317065],[-161.5869140625,70.45150843439349],[-161.78466796875,70.45885925640687],[-162.5537109375,70.34092679475283],[-163.05908203125,70.09552886456429],[-163.388671875,69.81689109911446],[-163.564453125,69.51914693717981],[-164.02587890625,69.15474044269264],[-164.90478515625,69.03714171275197],[-165.69580078124997,68.97416358340674],[-166.26708984375,69.01354605132325],[-166.376953125,68.80004113882613],[-166.66259765624997,68.5443150407769],[-167.1240234375,68.39918004344189],[-166.61865234375,68.17155518732503],[-166.5087890625,67.99110834539984],[-165.87158203125,67.8672645403614],[-164.61914062499997,67.47492238478702],[-164.24560546874997,67.23806155909902],[-164.091796875,67.02458758377148],[-163.10302734375,66.87834504307976],[-163.05908203125,66.73990169639414],[-162.66357421875,66.58321725728175],[-162.333984375,66.48697584176404],[-162.3779296875,66.34632215978135],[-163.2568359375,66.31103501145373],[-163.19091796875,66.55700652350038],[-163.76220703124997,66.73990169639414],[-164.46533203125,66.69647781801481],[-165.30029296875,66.55700652350038],[-166.1572265625,66.41674787052298],[-166.9482421875,66.24916310923315],[-167.3876953125,66.01801815922045],[-168.42041015625,65.56754970214311],[-168.02490234375,65.33017791526855],[-167.45361328125,65.18303007291382],[-166.9921875,64.86760781632728],[-166.7724609375,64.49172504435471],[-165.69580078124997,64.24459476798195],[-164.59716796875,64.29229248039543],[-164.13574218749997,64.26368374017731],[-163.49853515625,64.18724867664994],[-162.5537109375,64.27322328178595],[-161.82861328124997,64.24459476798195],[-161.52099609375,63.93737246791484],[-163.125,63.68524808030715],[-163.93798828125,63.41119772365924],[-164.5751953125,63.32254947641308],[-165.41015625,63.15435519659187],[-165.78369140625,62.75472592723178],[-166.26708984375,62.42090322195164],[-166.5966796875,62.155240711732425],[-166.48681640625,61.616843178481375],[-166.2451171875,61.23853141060282],[-165.849609375,60.8663124746226],[-166.5966796875,60.56537850464181],[-167.34375,60.468050120874615],[-167.80517578125,60.20707506634915],[-167.8271484375,60.09771842541544],[-167.89306640624997,59.93300042374631],[-167.03613281249997,59.712097173322924],[-166.640625,59.61221219518693],[-165.95947265624997,59.60109549032134],[-165.47607421874997,59.74532608213611],[-165.10253906249997,59.95501026206206],[-164.794921875,59.987997631212224],[-164.72900390624997,59.7563950493563],[-164.46533203125,59.54545678424146],[-163.8720703125,59.54545678424146],[-163.14697265625,59.60109549032134],[-162.26806640625,59.62332522313024],[-162.20214843749997,59.17592824927136],[-162.35595703125,58.81374171570782],[-162.57568359375,58.6769376725869],[-162.09228515625,58.39019698411526],[-161.455078125,58.39019698411526],[-160.68603515625,58.44773280389084],[-160.1806640625,58.516651799363785],[-159.71923828125,58.58543569119917],[-159.43359375,58.47072082411973],[-159.08203125,58.33256713195789],[-158.55468749999997,58.286395482881034],[-158.44482421874997,58.619777025081675],[-157.60986328125,58.52812515905843],[-158.00537109375,58.00809779306888],[-158.48876953125,57.468589192089354],[-159.49951171875,56.84897198026975],[-161.0595703125,56.389583525613055],[-164.9267578125,54.97761367069628],[-165.9814453125,54.470037612805754],[-168.55224609375,53.73571574532637],[-173.232421875,52.92215137976296],[-175.62744140624997,52.3755991766591],[-177.86865234375,52.13348804077147],[-178.9453125,50.98609893339354],[-178.00048828125,51.440312757160115],[-176.8359375,51.467696956223364],[-175.36376953125,51.7406361640977],[-171.826171875,52.119998657638156],[-167.62939453124997,52.9883372533954],[-166.728515625,53.186287573913305],[-165.9375,53.553362785528094],[-165.30029296875,53.76170183021049],[-164.3115234375,54.149567212540525],[-163.89404296875,54.29088164657006],[-163.3447265625,54.18815548107151],[-162.26806640625,54.07228265560388],[-162.09228515625,54.3549556895541],[-161.89453125,54.7246201949245],[-161.0595703125,54.80068486732233],[-160.400390625,54.67383096593114],[-159.19189453125,54.61025498157912],[-159.14794921875,55.07836723201515],[-158.79638671875,55.429013452407396],[-157.58789062499997,55.825973254619015],[-155.7421875,55.541064956111036],[-154.62158203125,56.01066647040695],[-153.47900390625,56.43820369358165],[-151.45751953125,57.397624055000456],[-151.4794921875,58.07787626787517],[-151.45751953125,58.75680543225761],[-149.74365234374997,59.38917842312835],[-148.51318359375,59.63443457494949],[-146.689453125,59.355596110016315],[-144.51416015625,59.75086102411168],[-144.3109130859375,59.87239799228177],[-143.8330078125,59.968758992382334],[-143.0694580078125,60.031929699115615],[-141.5533447265625,59.842055288480076],[-140.9051513671875,59.68160832698723],[-140.020751953125,59.478568831926395],[-139.1693115234375,59.234986238722],[-138.82873535156247,59.09138238455909],[-138.3233642578125,58.96983560365735],[-138.1146240234375,58.862064179600374],[-138.076171875,58.722598828043374],[-136.9775390625,58.19387126497797],[-136.56005859375,57.7862326105289],[-135.966796875,57.33838126552897],[-136.03271484375,57.052681978717494],[-135.81298828125,56.92099675839107],[-134.571533203125,55.8845546603819],[-134.2034912109375,55.56592203025787],[-133.8958740234375,55.263468250921285],[-133.7530517578125,55.06264118216743],[-133.6102294921875,54.64523407607479],[-133.2421875,54.635697306063854],[-130.6171417236328,54.70637513489091],[-130.62950134277344,54.72422365048395],[-130.62606811523438,54.73651472417763],[-130.65765380859375,54.762274228176494],[-130.62950134277344,54.78247406031503],[-130.5663299560547,54.79237225560392],[-130.49697875976562,54.82877675365454],[-130.42282104492188,54.87423625974835],[-130.34591674804688,54.91569803760518],[-130.27244567871094,54.97288463122321],[-130.18661499023438,55.062247951730015],[-130.18043518066406,55.091729515360875],[-130.15090942382812,55.12393783348962],[-130.14747619628906,55.14160209881279],[-130.10284423828125,55.19219635238084],[-129.97169494628906,55.28146181651345],[-129.97581481933594,55.30022902025666],[-130.02044677734375,55.33890835596374],[-130.0396728515625,55.45043679812318],[-130.0884246826172,55.496749338303694],[-130.12825012207028,55.58144971869657],[-130.10971069335938,55.68223010941079],[-130.14816284179688,55.71473455012689],[-130.15296936035156,55.7649857705176],[-130.12550354003906,55.80475427021683],[-130.0843048095703,55.82134464477078],[-130.00465393066406,55.90573012454021],[-130.00465393066406,55.9130425993163],[-130.0190734863281,55.912657766599715],[-130.00259399414062,56.00605986001467],[-130.10421752929688,56.12297419573329],[-130.24635314941406,56.09693875609652],[-130.3479766845703,56.12794955397159],[-130.42556762695312,56.14134155069025],[-130.4674530029297,56.24373146827144],[-130.55740356445312,56.249454174583384],[-130.5677032470703,56.25479459547735],[-130.62400817871094,56.2685236855868],[-130.78262329101562,56.36715174252849],[-131.08612060546875,56.40668363558357],[-131.16989135742188,56.44883107459549],[-131.473388671875,56.551913918713375],[-131.58119201660156,56.61204220477141],[-131.8352508544922,56.59843662755775],[-131.85997009277344,56.702620872371355],[-131.89979553222656,56.75347577609789],[-131.87232971191406,56.805765643008264],[-132.12432861328122,56.87374615531272],[-132.0467376708984,57.04521234171931],[-132.3687744140625,57.09149987857074],[-132.2472381591797,57.211056900559335],[-132.3680877685547,57.347273783306676],[-132.55210876464844,57.49516565182901],[-132.65853881835938,57.61562391374733],[-132.75466918945312,57.69680911844304],[-132.8693389892578,57.83853792318956],[-133.06983947753906,58.00082136594698],[-133.17283630371094,58.15404059343076],[-133.34518432617188,58.27628739957773],[-133.45985412597656,58.38731772556939],[-133.37608337402344,58.430481925680034],[-133.70567321777344,58.611194853078764],[-133.83956909179685,58.730440812979516],[-134.25979614257812,58.861354043320055],[-134.3360137939453,58.92414471817596],[-134.3140411376953,58.962755708753306],[-134.4060516357422,58.978683427688686],[-134.38133239746094,59.03878841190553],[-134.44656372070312,59.08820785301446],[-134.48501586914062,59.13121539881386],[-134.56329345703125,59.130510792073984],[-134.67933654785156,59.191757369765085],[-134.70130920410156,59.24973478117606],[-134.95742797851562,59.279914277804906],[-135.02883911132812,59.34649517787861],[-134.9897003173828,59.3877798237848],[-135.10093688964844,59.42622028594434],[-135.07827758789062,59.45275367774563],[-135.0274658203125,59.47473269180728],[-135.03021240234375,59.564245132658975],[-135.11810302734372,59.62367244601488],[-135.15586853027344,59.625061301654334],[-135.2190399169922,59.6632323288228],[-135.23345947265625,59.69650975428769],[-135.252685546875,59.69789559656873],[-135.36048889160156,59.73598378851403],[-135.4779052734375,59.79821644465919],[-135.94894409179688,59.6632323288228],[-136.1927032470703,59.63998787256213],[-136.34788513183594,59.60109549032134],[-136.25038146972656,59.56633207991906],[-136.24076843261716,59.55972296971678],[-136.24076843261716,59.52387204745182],[-136.3066864013672,59.46461714320982],[-136.36642456054688,59.4496126517294],[-136.47628784179688,59.46566371970234],[-136.46804809570312,59.28552611855346],[-136.49620056152344,59.27465233689575],[-136.4900207519531,59.26096748461385],[-136.5840911865234,59.166075318301345],[-136.8285369873047,59.16009179641602],[-136.8793487548828,59.13544273484683],[-137.28240966796875,59.0009698708429],[-137.449951171875,58.908900972391415],[-137.52548217773438,58.906418795609426],[-137.5000762939453,58.985760051467075],[-137.54127502441406,59.10478272378236],[-137.60787963867188,59.24376590151355],[-138.62617492675778,59.76746035005358],[-138.66600036621094,59.80961318716828],[-138.6797332763672,59.84481485969105],[-138.70582580566406,59.90650046741583],[-139.05258178710938,59.994179105518434],[-139.19952392578125,60.08950200748712],[-139.0711212158203,60.3187885497516],[-139.07386779785156,60.35243208301854],[-139.69253540039062,60.33544473468298],[-139.97955322265625,60.181818669034776],[-140.4595184326172,60.30858669066228],[-140.5199432373047,60.22003701633967],[-141.00128173828125,60.3058656567224],[-141.0007667541504,69.64681951728146]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-173.07586669921875,60.72157115165579],[-173.155517578125,60.69469537287745],[-173.15277099609375,60.64356945377967],[-173.08135986328125,60.61123754937553],[-173.04016113281247,60.58157148491742],[-173.08135986328125,60.53972302275651],[-173.089599609375,60.511343283202464],[-173.05938720703125,60.4788788301667],[-172.98248291015625,60.468050120874615],[-172.94677734374997,60.43689744859958],[-172.8424072265625,60.403001945865476],[-172.78472900390625,60.373144671593685],[-172.7105712890625,60.329667021005825],[-172.6611328125,60.3187885497516],[-172.5897216796875,60.309266913738156],[-172.49908447265625,60.31606836555203],[-172.4139404296875,60.3187885497516],[-172.35076904296875,60.3187885497516],[-172.30682373046872,60.29021531318375],[-172.2381591796875,60.29021531318375],[-172.17498779296875,60.30518536282736],[-172.2381591796875,60.333745513303114],[-172.34527587890625,60.378575303227215],[-172.364501953125,60.40164539086417],[-172.43041992187497,60.40571488624096],[-172.4798583984375,60.39757538658664],[-172.57598876953125,60.41249624776229],[-172.6556396484375,60.43689744859958],[-172.77374267578122,60.4788788301667],[-172.83416748046875,60.50052541051131],[-172.89459228515625,60.550527811064846],[-172.8863525390625,60.588316165776824],[-172.91656494140625,60.62606036274505],[-172.98797607421875,60.658377412327326],[-173.01544189453125,60.69469537287745],[-173.07586669921875,60.72157115165579]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-171.650390625,63.809167882566385],[-171.793212890625,63.82128765261384],[-171.80419921875,63.73147780336167],[-171.8426513671875,63.65601144183318],[-171.8865966796875,63.54365806976644],[-171.859130859375,63.42594585479083],[-171.7877197265625,63.34966546248425],[-171.62841796875,63.32501562217765],[-171.474609375,63.28306240110864],[-171.353759765625,63.29540792564745],[-171.2548828125,63.33980806067484],[-171.1395263671875,63.38413977217118],[-171.002197265625,63.389061297647125],[-170.760498046875,63.34966546248425],[-170.57373046875,63.32501562217765],[-170.41992187499997,63.27812271092345],[-170.343017578125,63.1989725264735],[-170.3594970703125,63.156835740093236],[-170.2496337890625,63.156835740093236],[-170.145263671875,63.156835740093236],[-170.0408935546875,63.14194929585152],[-169.9090576171875,63.087300267152735],[-169.8321533203125,63.03753005973634],[-169.7991943359375,62.990169510232555],[-169.8101806640625,62.95522304515911],[-169.74975585937497,62.922735326966595],[-169.617919921875,62.91523303947614],[-169.54650878906247,62.9502272814474],[-169.4915771484375,62.97270150065472],[-169.508056640625,62.99765260346662],[-169.4970703125,63.04251090966805],[-169.43664550781247,63.08978654472616],[-169.34326171874997,63.11712157280328],[-169.178466796875,63.13946747896222],[-169.1070556640625,63.14443090047572],[-168.958740234375,63.104699747121074],[-168.760986328125,63.112153479825004],[-168.67309570312497,63.203925767041305],[-168.662109375,63.26576978358972],[-168.7115478515625,63.3348780927218],[-168.92578125,63.366907787681754],[-169.07958984374997,63.366907787681754],[-169.25537109375,63.37183226679281],[-169.420166015625,63.376755901872734],[-169.5245361328125,63.389061297647125],[-169.6124267578125,63.43331707559086],[-169.705810546875,63.46278300222105],[-169.8211669921875,63.46523712749102],[-169.947509765625,63.48976680530999],[-170.0079345703125,63.59011870211632],[-170.0958251953125,63.658448979940175],[-170.2386474609375,63.704722429433225],[-170.4638671875,63.73390885572919],[-170.5902099609375,63.721751503619956],[-170.7659912109375,63.6779417467744],[-171.2164306640625,63.648697570849286],[-171.474609375,63.6779417467744],[-171.54052734375,63.75334975181205],[-171.650390625,63.809167882566385]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-170.40618896484375,57.022794415389725],[-170.3155517578125,57.043718234032625],[-170.22216796875,57.119841130872615],[-170.1947021484375,57.14518072479997],[-170.11505126953125,57.18985535714817],[-170.08209228515625,57.227042992549855],[-170.07110595703125,57.271618718194446],[-170.189208984375,57.23893512461504],[-170.2386474609375,57.22852971878346],[-170.32928466796875,57.22852971878346],[-170.3704833984375,57.22406936030381],[-170.49407958984375,57.20473490715757],[-170.41992187499997,57.12878649751151],[-170.364990234375,57.11387635258491],[-170.42266845703125,57.06910989239133],[-170.46112060546875,57.033257797376066],[-170.40618896484375,57.022794415389725]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-169.8321533203125,56.62904228542147],[-169.8211669921875,56.60486209416893],[-169.7991943359375,56.586716786451156],[-169.71405029296875,56.565536245992064],[-169.71405029296875,56.551913918713375],[-169.63165283203125,56.51707901932375],[-169.56024169921875,56.515563731608296],[-169.5025634765625,56.553427752820355],[-169.43115234375,56.58369172128337],[-169.43664550781247,56.626020608371924],[-169.56024169921875,56.63055303322322],[-169.6783447265625,56.62450967912138],[-169.8321533203125,56.62904228542147]]]}}]}","volume":"94","issue":"6B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a98e4b0c8380cd5b2d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70026125,"text":"70026125 - 2004 - Data dictionary and formatting standard for dissemination of geotechnical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026125","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Data dictionary and formatting standard for dissemination of geotechnical data","docAbstract":"A pilot system for archiving and web dissemination of geotechnical data collected and stored by various agencies is currently under development. Part of the scope of this project, sponsored by the Consortium of Organizations for Strong-Motion Observation Systems (COSMOS) and by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) Lifelines Program, is the development of a data dictionary and formatting standard. This paper presents the data model along with the basic structure of the data dictionary tables for this pilot system.","largerWorkTitle":"Geotechnical Special Publication","conferenceTitle":"Geotechnical Engineering for Transportation Projects: Proceedings of Geo-Trans 2004","conferenceDate":"27 July 2004 through 31 July 2004","conferenceLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","language":"English","issn":"08950563","usgsCitation":"Benoit, J., Bobbitt, J., Ponti, D., and Shimel, S., 2004, Data dictionary and formatting standard for dissemination of geotechnical data, in Geotechnical Special Publication, no. 126 I, Los Angeles, CA, 27 July 2004 through 31 July 2004, p. 829-836.","startPage":"829","endPage":"836","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"126 I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd71e4b0c8380cd4e82a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Yegian M.K.Kavazanjian E.","contributorId":128426,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Yegian M.K.Kavazanjian E.","id":536576,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Benoit, J.","contributorId":83807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benoit","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bobbitt, J.I.","contributorId":59696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bobbitt","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ponti, D.J.","contributorId":94326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponti","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shimel, S.A.","contributorId":37220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shimel","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026395,"text":"70026395 - 2004 - Radiated energy and the rupture process of the Denali fault earthquake sequence of 2002 from broadband teleseismic body waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-13T10:29:46.553962","indexId":"70026395","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiated energy and the rupture process of the Denali fault earthquake sequence of 2002 from broadband teleseismic body waves","docAbstract":"Displacement, velocity, and velocity-squared records of P and SH body waves recorded at teleseismic distances are analyzed to determine the rupture characteristics of the Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002 (MW 7.9, Me 8.1). Three episodes of rupture can be identified from broadband (∼0.1–5.0 Hz) waveforms. The Denali fault earthquake started as a MW 7.3 thrust event. Subsequent right-lateral strike-slip rupture events with centroid depths of 9 km occurred about 22 and 49 sec later. The teleseismic P waves are dominated by energy at intermediate frequencies (0.1-1 Hz) radiated by the thrust event, while the SH waves are dominated by energy at lower frequencies (0.05-0.2 Hz) radiated by the strike-slip events. The strike-slip events exhibit strong directivity in the teleseismic SH waves. Correcting the recorded P-wave acceleration spectra for the effect of the free surface yields an estimate of 2.8 × 1015 N m for the energy radiated by the thrust event. Correcting the recorded SH-wave acceleration spectra similarly yields an estimate of 3.3 × 1016 N m for the energy radiated by the two strike-slip events. The average rupture velocity for the strike-slip rupture process is 1.1β–1.2β. The strike-slip events were located 90 and 188 km east of the epicenter. The rupture length over which significant or resolvable energy is radiated is, thus, far shorter than the 340-km fault length over which surface displacements were observed. However, the seismic moment released by these three events, 4 × 1020 N m, was approximately half the seismic moment determined from very low-frequency analyses of the earthquake. The difference in seismic moment can be reasonably attributed to slip on fault segments that did not radiate significant or coherent seismic energy. These results suggest that very large and great strike-slip earthquakes can generate stress pulses that rapidly produce substantial slip with negligible stress drop and little discernible radiated energy on fault segments distant from the initial point of nucleation. The existence of this energy-deficient rupture mode has important implications for the evaluation of the seismic hazard of very large strike-slip earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040605","usgsCitation":"Choy, G.L., and Boatwright, J., 2004, Radiated energy and the rupture process of the Denali fault earthquake sequence of 2002 from broadband teleseismic body waves: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6B, p. S269-S277, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040605.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"S269","endPage":"S277","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.26953125,\n 61.18562468142281\n ],\n [\n -156.4892578125,\n 59.265880628258095\n ],\n [\n -144.228515625,\n 59.44507509904714\n ],\n [\n -143.26171875,\n 63.450509218001095\n ],\n [\n -146.8212890625,\n 63.80189351770543\n ],\n [\n -150.6884765625,\n 63.6267446447533\n ],\n [\n -156.26953125,\n 63.15435519659187\n ],\n [\n -156.26953125,\n 61.18562468142281\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"6B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9392e4b0c8380cd80ee3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choy, G. L. 0000-0002-0217-5555","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-5555","contributorId":78322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boatwright, J.","contributorId":87297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026692,"text":"70026692 - 2004 - Geochemistry of shallow ground water in coastal plain environments in the southeastern United States: Implications for aquifer susceptibility","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026692","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of shallow ground water in coastal plain environments in the southeastern United States: Implications for aquifer susceptibility","docAbstract":"Ground-water chemistry data from coastal plain environments have been examined to determine the geochemical conditions and processes that occur in these areas and assess their implications for aquifer susceptibility. Two distinct geochemical environments were studied to represent a range of conditions: an inner coastal plain setting having more well-drained soils and lower organic carbon (C) content and an outer coastal plain environment that has more poorly drained soils and high organic C content. Higher concentrations of most major ions and dissolved inorganic and organic C in the outer coastal plain setting indicate a greater degree of mineral dissolution and organic matter oxidation. Accordingly, outer coastal plain waters are more reducing than inner coastal plain waters. Low dissolved oxygen (O2) and nitrate (NO 3-) concentrations and high iron (Fe) concentrations indicate that ferric iron (Fe (III)) is an important electron acceptor in this setting, while dissolved O2 is the most common terminal electron acceptor in the inner coastal plain setting. The presence of a wide range of redox conditions in the shallow aquifer system examined here underscores the importance of providing a detailed geochemical characterization of ground water when assessing the intrinsic susceptibility of coastal plain settings. The greater prevalence of aerobic conditions in the inner coastal plain setting makes this region more susceptible to contamination by constituents that are more stable under these conditions and is consistent with the significantly (p<0.05) higher concentrations of NO3- found in this setting. Herbicides and their transformation products were frequently detected (36% of wells sampled), however concentrations were typically low (<0.1 ??g/L). Shallow water table depths often found in coastal plain settings may result in an increased risk of the detection of pesticides (e.g., alachlor) that degrade rapidly in the unsaturated zone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.021","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Tesoriero, A., Spruill, T., and Eimers, J.L., 2004, Geochemistry of shallow ground water in coastal plain environments in the southeastern United States: Implications for aquifer susceptibility: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, no. 9, p. 1471-1482, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.021.","startPage":"1471","endPage":"1482","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208439,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.021"},{"id":234183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1712e4b0c8380cd55383","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tesoriero, A. J.","contributorId":99127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spruill, T.B.","contributorId":76747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spruill","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eimers, J. L.","contributorId":95919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eimers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026691,"text":"70026691 - 2004 - Terrestrial microorganisms at an altitude of 20,000 m in Earth's atmosphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026691","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":667,"text":"Aerobiologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terrestrial microorganisms at an altitude of 20,000 m in Earth's atmosphere","docAbstract":"A joint effort between the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Global Desert Dust and NASA's Stratospheric and Cosmic Dust Programs identified culturable microbes from an air sample collected at an altitude of 20,000 m. A total of 4 fungal (Penicillium sp.) and 71 bacteria colonyforming units (70 colonies of Bacillus luciferensis believed to have originated from a single cell collected at altitude and one colony of Bacillus sphaericus) were enumerated, isolated and identified using a morphological key and 16S rDNA sequencing respectively. All of the isolates identified were sporeforming pigmented fungi or bacteria of terrestrial origin and demonstrate that the presence of viable microorganisms in Earth's upper atmosphere may not be uncommon.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aerobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:AERO.0000032948.84077.12","issn":"03935965","usgsCitation":"Griffin, D., 2004, Terrestrial microorganisms at an altitude of 20,000 m in Earth's atmosphere: Aerobiologia, v. 20, no. 2, p. 135-140, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AERO.0000032948.84077.12.","startPage":"135","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208438,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:AERO.0000032948.84077.12"},{"id":234182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba55fe4b08c986b3209dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Dale W.","contributorId":23668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":410496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70026690,"text":"70026690 - 2004 - Syn-deformational features of Carlin-type Au deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026690","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Syn-deformational features of Carlin-type Au deposits","docAbstract":"Syn-deformational ore deposition played an important role in some Carlin-type Au deposits according to field and laboratory evidence, which indicates that flow of Au-bearing fluids was synchronous with regional-scale deformation events. Gold-related deformation events linked to ore genesis were distinct from high-level, brittle deformation that is typical of many epithermal deposits. Carlin-type Au deposits, with brittle-ductile features, most likely formed during tectonic events that were accompanied by significant fluid flow. Interactive deformation-fluid processes involved brittle-ductile folding, faulting, shearing, and gouge development that were focused along illite-clay and dissolution zones caused by hydrothermal alteration. Alteration along these deformation zones resulted in increased porosity and enhancement of fluid flow, which resulted in decarbonated, significant dissolution, collapse, and volume and mass reduction. Carlin-type Au deposits commonly are hosted in Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks (limestone, siltstone, argillite, shale, and quartzite) on the margins of cratons. The sedimentary basins containing the host rocks underwent tectonic events that influenced the development of stratabound, structurally controlled orebodies. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2003.11.018","issn":"01918141","usgsCitation":"Peters, S.G., 2004, Syn-deformational features of Carlin-type Au deposits: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 26, no. 6-7, p. 1007-1023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2003.11.018.","startPage":"1007","endPage":"1023","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208437,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2003.11.018"},{"id":234181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba33ae4b08c986b31fc10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, S. G.","contributorId":48198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70026689,"text":"70026689 - 2004 - Water-soluble pesticides in finished water of community water supplies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-27T16:51:51.752531","indexId":"70026689","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2136,"text":"Journal - American Water Works Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-soluble pesticides in finished water of community water supplies","docAbstract":"To evaluate the effect of the treatment process on pesticide concentration, source water and finished (treated) water samples were collected from 12 community water systems (CWSs) and analyzed for water-soluble pesticides. The pesticides most frequently detected in the source water were the triazine herbicides (atrazine, cyanazine, prometon, and simazine) and the chloroacetanilide herbicides (acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor). Atrazine, metolachlor, prometon, and simazine were detected in the source and finished water of every system sampled. Deethylatrazine, a degradate, was detected in the source and finished water of every CWS but one. The triazine and chloroacetanilide herbicides were usually detected in the finished water after the treatment process, although for most treatment plants the concentrations were significantly less in the finished water. For other pesticides detected in source water—especially the organophosphate insecticides and other sulfur-containing pesticides (diazinon, chlorpyrifos, malathion, and metribuzin)—the treatment process either removed or degraded the pesticide completely.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2004.tb10723.x","usgsCitation":"Coupe, R., and Blomquist, J., 2004, Water-soluble pesticides in finished water of community water supplies: Journal - American Water Works Association, v. 96, no. 10, p. 56-68, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2004.tb10723.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"68","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcef3e4b08c986b32e654","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coupe, R.H.","contributorId":84778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blomquist, J. D. 0000-0002-0140-6534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-6534","contributorId":20784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blomquist","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026685,"text":"70026685 - 2004 - Food web pathway determines how selenium affects aquatic ecosystems: A San francisco Bay case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T07:42:40","indexId":"70026685","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food web pathway determines how selenium affects aquatic ecosystems: A San francisco Bay case study","docAbstract":"Chemical contaminants disrupt ecosystems, but specific effects may be under-appreciated when poorly known processes such as uptake mechanisms, uptake via diet, food preferences, and food web dynamics are influential. Here we show that a combination of food web structure and the physiology of trace element accumulation explain why some species in San Francisco Bay are threatened by a relatively low level of selenium contamination and some are not. Bivalves and crustacean zooplankton form the base of two dominant food webs in estuaries. The dominant bivalve Potamocorbula amurensis has a 10-fold slower rate constant of loss for selenium than do common crustaceans such as copepods and the mysid Neomysis mercedis (rate constant of loss, ke = 0.025, 0.155, and 0.25 d-1, respectively). The result is much higher selenium concentrations in the bivalve than in the crustaceans. Stable isotope analyses show that this difference is propagated up the respective food webs in San Francisco Bay. Several predators of bivalves have tissue concentrations of selenium that exceed thresholds thought to be associated with teratogenesis or reproductive failure (liver Se >15 μg g-1 dry weight). Deformities typical of selenium-induced teratogenesis were observed in one of these species. Concentrations of selenium in tissues of predators of zooplankton are less than the thresholds. Basic physiological and ecological processes can drive wide differences in exposure and effects among species, but such processes are rarely considered in traditional evaluations of contaminant impacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0499647","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Stewart, A., Luoma, S., Schlekat, C., Doblin, M., and Hieb, K., 2004, Food web pathway determines how selenium affects aquatic ecosystems: A San francisco Bay case study: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 17, p. 4519-4526, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0499647.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4519","endPage":"4526","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208435,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0499647"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.64862060546875,\n 37.391981943533544\n ],\n [\n -121.74362182617188,\n 37.391981943533544\n ],\n [\n -121.74362182617188,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -122.64862060546875,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -122.64862060546875,\n 37.391981943533544\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12e6e4b0c8380cd54438","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, A.R.","contributorId":20470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schlekat, C.E.","contributorId":89683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlekat","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doblin, M.A.","contributorId":19345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doblin","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hieb, K.A.","contributorId":40771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hieb","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026684,"text":"70026684 - 2004 - Yamaguchia toyensis n. sp., n. gen. (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae) from profundal lake habitat in Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026684","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3811,"text":"Zoological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Yamaguchia toyensis n. sp., n. gen. (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae) from profundal lake habitat in Japan","docAbstract":"Yamaguchia toyensis n. sp., n. gen. is described from an oligotrophic caldera lake, Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan. Although the taxonomic affinities are unknown, the genus differs from all other Lumbriculidae in having the combination of testes and atria in X, a single, prosoporous male funnel per atrium, and spermathecae in XI. Unlike other Japanese lakes that have thus far been surveyed, Lake Toya supports abundant populations of lumbriculids in the profundal benthos.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Zoological Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2108/zsj.21.677","issn":"02890003","usgsCitation":"Fend, S., and Ohtaka, A., 2004, Yamaguchia toyensis n. sp., n. gen. (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae) from profundal lake habitat in Japan: Zoological Science, v. 21, no. 6, p. 677-683, https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.21.677.","startPage":"677","endPage":"683","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487450,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.21.677","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208412,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.21.677"},{"id":234148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd202e4b08c986b32f626","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fend, S.V. 0000-0002-4638-6602","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":99702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"S.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ohtaka, A.","contributorId":76520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohtaka","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}