Volcanic hazards in Kona (i.e. the western side of the island of Hawai'i) stem primarily from Mauna Loa and Hualālai volcanoes. The former has erupted 39 times since 1832. Lava flows were emplaced in Kona during seven of these eruptions and last impacted Kona in 1950. Hualālai last erupted in ca. 1800. Society's proximity to potential eruptive sources and the potential for relatively fast-moving lava flows, coupled with relatively long time intervals since the last eruptions in Kona, are the underlying stimuli for this study of risk perception. Target populations were high-school students and adults ( n =462). Using these data, we discuss threat knowledge as an influence on risk perception, and perception as a driving mechanism for preparedness. Threat knowledge and perception of risk were found to be low to moderate. On average, fewer than two-thirds of the residents were aware of the most recent eruptions that impacted Kona, and a minority felt that Mauna Loa and Hualālai could ever erupt again. Furthermore, only about one-third were aware that lava flows could reach the coast in Kona in less than 3 h. Lava flows and ash fall were perceived to be among the least likely hazards to affect the respondent's community within the next 10 years, whereas vog (volcanic smog) was ranked the most likely. Less than 18% identified volcanic hazards as amongst the most likely hazards to affect them at home, school, or work. Not surprisingly, individual preparedness measures were found on average to be limited to simple tasks of value in frequently occurring domestic emergencies, whereas measures specific to infrequent hazard events such as volcanic eruptions were seldom adopted. Furthermore, our data show that respondents exhibit an 'unrealistic optimism bias' and infer that responsibility for community preparedness for future eruptions primarily rests with officials. We infer that these respondents may be less likely to attend to hazard information, react to warnings as directed, and undertake preparedness measures than other populations who perceive responsibility to lie with themselves. There are significant differences in hazard awareness and risk perception between students and adults, between subpopulations representing local areas, and between varying ethnicities. We conclude that long time intervals since damaging lava flows have occurred in Kona have contributed to lower levels of awareness and risk perceptions of the threat from lava flows, and that the on-going eruption at Kilauea has facilitated greater awareness and perception of risk of vog but not of other volcanic hazards. Low levels of preparedness may be explained by low perceptions of threat and risk and perhaps by the lack of a clear motivation or incentive to seek new modes of adjustment. 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsvier","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00288-9","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Gregg, C., Houghton, B.F., Johnston, D., Paton, D., and Swanson, D.A., 2004, The perception of volcanic risk in Kona communities from Mauna Loa and Hualālai volcanoes, Hawai'i: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 130, no. 3-4, p. 179-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00288-9.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211021,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00288-9"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Mauna Loa volcano, Hualālai volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.9893798828125,\n 19.287813240262167\n ],\n [\n -155.3466796875,\n 19.287813240262167\n ],\n [\n -155.3466796875,\n 19.72534224805787\n ],\n [\n -155.9893798828125,\n 19.72534224805787\n ],\n [\n -155.9893798828125,\n 19.287813240262167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"130","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae84e4b08c986b32415d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregg, Chris E.","contributorId":40397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"Chris E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, David M.","contributorId":68082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paton, Douglas","contributorId":64861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paton","given":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027800,"text":"70027800 - 2004 - Early Tertiary Anaconda metamorphic core complex, southwestern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:32:08","indexId":"70027800","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early Tertiary Anaconda metamorphic core complex, southwestern Montana","docAbstract":"A sinuous zone of gently southeast-dipping low-angle Tertiary normal faults is exposed for 100 km along the eastern margins of the Anaconda and Flint Creek ranges in southwest Montana. Faults in the zone variously place Mesoproterozoic through Paleozoic sedimentary rocks on younger Tertiary granitic rocks or on sedimentary rocks older than the overlying detached rocks. Lower plate rocks are lineated and mylonitic at the main fault and, below the mylonitic front, are cut by mylonitic mesoscopic to microscopic shear zones. The upper plate consists of an imbricate stack of younger-on-older sedimentary rocks that are locally mylonitic at the main, lowermost detachment fault but are characteristically strongly brecciated or broken. Kinematic indicators in the lineated mylonite indicate tectonic transport to the east-southeast. Syntectonic sedimentary breccia and coarse conglomerate derived solely from upper plate rocks were deposited locally on top of hanging-wall rocks in low-lying areas between fault blocks and breccia zones. Muscovite occurs locally as mica fish in mylonitic quartzites at or near the main detachment. The 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum obtained from muscovite in one mylonitic quartzite yielded an age of 47.2 + 0.14 Ma, interpreted to be the age of mylonitization. The fault zone is interpreted as a detachment fault that bounds a metamorphic core complex, here termed the Anaconda metamorphic core complex, similar in age and character to the Bitterroot mylonite that bounds the Bitterroot metamorphic core complex along the Idaho-Montana state line 100 km to the west. The Bitterroot and Anaconda core complexes are likely components of a continuous, tectonically integrated system. Recognition of this core complex expands the region of known early Tertiary brittle-ductile crustal extension eastward into areas of profound Late Cretaceous contractile deformation characterized by complex structural interactions between the overthrust belt and Laramide basement uplifts, overprinted by late Tertiary Basin and Range faulting. ?? 2004 NRC Canada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/e03-086","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"O’Neill, J., Lonn, J.D., Lageson, D., and Kunk, M.J., 2004, Early Tertiary Anaconda metamorphic core complex, southwestern Montana: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 41, no. 1, p. 63-72, https://doi.org/10.1139/e03-086.","startPage":"63","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211009,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e03-086"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a047ee4b0c8380cd509fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neill, J.M.","contributorId":85562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lonn, J. D.","contributorId":45894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lonn","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lageson, D. R.","contributorId":51534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lageson","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027783,"text":"70027783 - 2004 - 9969 Braille: Deep Space 1 infrared spectroscopy, geometric albedo, and classification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70027783","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"9969 Braille: Deep Space 1 infrared spectroscopy, geometric albedo, and classification","docAbstract":"Spectra of Asteroid 9969 Braille in the 1.25-2.6 ??m region returned by the Deep Space 1 (DS1) Mission show a ???10% absorption band centered at 2 ??m, and a reflectance peak at 1.6 ??m. Analysis of these features suggest that the composition of Braille is roughly equal parts pyroxene and olivine. Its spectrum between 0.4 and 2.5 ??m suggests that it is most closely related to the Q taxonomic type of asteroid. The spectrum also closely matches that of the ordinary chondrites, the most common type of terrestrial meteorite. The geometric albedo of Braille is unusually high (pv = 0.34), which is also consistent with its placement within the rarer classes of stony asteroids, and which suggests it has a relatively fresh, unweathered surface, perhaps due to a recent collision. ?? 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2003.06.002","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Buratti, B.J., Britt, D., Soderblom, L., Hicks, M., Boice, D.C., Brown, R.H., Meier, R., Nelson, R., Oberst, J., Owen, T., Rivkin, A., Sandel, B., Stern, S., Thomas, N., and Yelle, R., 2004, 9969 Braille: Deep Space 1 infrared spectroscopy, geometric albedo, and classification: Icarus, v. 167, no. 1, p. 129-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2003.06.002.","startPage":"129","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211231,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2003.06.002"},{"id":238468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"167","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e270e4b0c8380cd45ba7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Britt, D.T.","contributorId":72150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britt","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hicks, M.D.","contributorId":7045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boice, D. C.","contributorId":103043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boice","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meier, R.","contributorId":105524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Oberst, J.","contributorId":103427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberst","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Owen, T.C.","contributorId":62603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rivkin, A.S.","contributorId":38355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivkin","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sandel, B.R.","contributorId":105881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandel","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Stern, S. A.","contributorId":46265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stern","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Thomas, N.","contributorId":72490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Yelle, R.V.","contributorId":74523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yelle","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70027792,"text":"70027792 - 2004 - A unique approach to estimating lateral anisotropy in complex geohydrologic environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T22:28:09.904333","indexId":"70027792","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2339,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A unique approach to estimating lateral anisotropy in complex geohydrologic environments","docAbstract":"Aquifers in fractured rock or karstic settings are likely to have anisotropic transmissivity distributions. Aquifer tests that are performed in these settings also are frequently affected by leakage from adjacent confining units. Finite-difference models such as MODFLOW are convenient tools for estimating the hydraulic characteristics of the stressed aquifer and adjacent confining units but are poor tools for the estimation of lateral anisotropy. This limitation of finite-difference methods can be overcome by application of the spin method, a technique whereby the positions of the observation wells are rotated about the production well to estimate anisotropy and orientation. Formal parameter estimation is necessary to analyze aquifer tests because of the number of parameters that are estimated. As a test, transmissivity, anisotropy, and orientation were successfully estimated for a simple hypothetical problem with known properties. The technique also was applied to estimate hydraulic properties of the Santee Limestone/Black Mingo (SL/BM) aquifer and a leaky confining unit beneath Charleston, South Carolina. A 9-day aquifer test with an average discharge of 6441/min was analyzed numerically. Drawdowns in the SL/BM aquifer and confining unit were simulated with a 12-layer MODFLOW model that was discretized into 81 rows of 81 columns. Simulated drawdowns at seven observation wells that ranged from 23 to 2700 m from the production well were matched to measured drawdowns. Transmissivity estimated along the minor axis ranged from 10 to 15 m2/day and along the major axis ranged from 80 to 10Om2/day. The major axis of transmissivity was oriented along compass heading 116° (degrees clockwise from north), which agrees with geologic interpretations. Vertical hydraulic conductivity and specific storage estimates for the overlying confining unit were 4 x 10-5 m/day and 2 x 10-4 1/m, respectively.
","language":"French, English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00221680409500050","usgsCitation":"Halford, K.J., and Campbell, B., 2004, A unique approach to estimating lateral anisotropy in complex geohydrologic environments: Journal of Hydraulic Research, v. 42, no. Sup. 1, p. 77-81, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221680409500050.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"81","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238035,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Charleston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.1397705078125,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -79.7882080078125,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -79.7882080078125,\n 32.88420028540548\n ],\n [\n -80.1397705078125,\n 32.88420028540548\n ],\n [\n -80.1397705078125,\n 32.731840896865684\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"Sup. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e60ce4b0c8380cd4711f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halford, K. J. 0000-0002-7322-1846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":61077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, B.","contributorId":65279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027709,"text":"70027709 - 2004 - Habitat use and preferences of breeding female wood ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70027709","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use and preferences of breeding female wood ducks","docAbstract":"Female wood ducks (Aix sponsa) feed primarily on plant foods in the prelaying period and switch to a diet of mostly invertebrates during egg production. If nutrient acquisition is habitat-specific, then selection and use of habitats may differ between these reproductive stages. A better understanding of these processes is needed to assist future habitat conservation and management efforts. In January-May 1999 and 2000, we monitored movements and habitat use of radiomarked females (n = 47) during the prelaying and egg-production periods of first nests. Home-range size averaged 367 ha and did not vary with reproductive period, year, or female age. Habitat use did not differ between periods of prelaying and egg production; consequently, data were combined. Habitat use varied between years, female age, and periods of nest initiation (i.e., early vs. late). Use of beaver ponds (BP), temporary wetlands (TW), managed impoundments (MI), and lake habitats (LK) declined in 2000 compared to 1999, possibly due to reduced precipitation. Nest initiation date was independent of female age. Adult females used BP more than yearlings, and early-nesting females used BP and MI more than late-nesting females. Females selected habitats nonrandomly when habitat composition of the study area was compared to that of home ranges (second-order selection). Lake-influenced wetlands (LI) and MI were ranked highest in preference. Home-range size was inversely related to percentage of the home range comprised of MI and LI, supporting the idea that MI and LI were high-quality habitats. However, we found no relationship between nest initiation date (an important index to reproductive performance) and the combined area of MI and LI in home ranges. Habitai selection did not differ from random when habitat composition of home ranges was compared to that of radio locations (third-order selection). Although MI and LI were preferred, high-quality habitats, our results suggest that breeding female wood ducks can satisfy requirements for egg production using a variety of wetland habitats. We suggest that providing a diversity of habitat types will increase the probability of meeting needs of breeding females throughout the breeding season, especially in areas where wetland conditions frequently change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0084:HUAPOB]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Hartke, K.M., and Hepp, G.R., 2004, Habitat use and preferences of breeding female wood ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 68, no. 1, p. 84-93, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0084:HUAPOB]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"84","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211229,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0084:HUAPOB]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f36e4b0c8380cd5cbb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartke, Kevin M.","contributorId":84048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartke","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hepp, Gary R.","contributorId":8191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hepp","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027551,"text":"70027551 - 2004 - Origin of the Blue Ridge escarpment along the passive margin of Eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-08T11:59:56.860163","indexId":"70027551","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":972,"text":"Basin Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of the Blue Ridge escarpment along the passive margin of Eastern North America","docAbstract":"The Blue Ridge escarpment is a rugged landform situated within the ancient Appalachian orogen. While similar in some respects to the great escarpments along other passive margins, which have evolved by erosion following rifting, its youthful topographic expression has inspired proposals of Cenozoic tectonic rejuvenation in eastern North America. To better understand the post-orogenic and post-rift geomorphic evolution of passive margins, we have examined the origin of this landform using low-temperature thermochronometry and manipulation of topographic indices. Apatite (U-Th)/He and fission-track analyses along transects across the escarpment reveal a younging trend towards the coast. This pattern is consistent with other great escarpments and fits with an interpretation of having evolved by prolonged erosion, without the requirement of tectonic rejuvenation. Measured ages are also comparable specifically to those measured along other great escarpments that are as much as 100 Myr younger. This suggests that erosional mechanisms that maintain rugged escarpments in the early post-rift stages may remain active on ancient passive margins for prolonged periods. The precise erosional evolution of the escarpment is less clear, however, and several end-member models can explain the data. Our preferred model, which fits with all data, involves a significant degree of erosional escarpment retreat in the Cenozoic. Although this suggests that early onset of topographic stability is not required of passive margin evolution, more data are required to better constrain the details of the escarpment's development.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Online Library","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2117.2003.00219.x","usgsCitation":"Spotila, J., Bank, G., Reiners, P., Naeser, C.W., Naeser, N.D., and Henika, B., 2004, Origin of the Blue Ridge escarpment along the passive margin of Eastern North America: Basin Research, v. 16, no. 1, p. 41-63, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2003.00219.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"63","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Blue Ridge escarpment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.6162109375,\n 34.63320791137959\n ],\n [\n -83.7158203125,\n 34.70549341022544\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 36.24427318493909\n ],\n [\n -78.22265625,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -76.201171875,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -72.8173828125,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -68.9501953125,\n 44.933696389694674\n ],\n [\n -68.6865234375,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -76.2451171875,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -86.6162109375,\n 34.63320791137959\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70f7e4b0c8380cd76384","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spotila, J.A.","contributorId":41163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spotila","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bank, G.C.","contributorId":97701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bank","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reiners, P.W.","contributorId":34241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiners","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Naeser, N. D.","contributorId":74510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Henika, B.S.","contributorId":30030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henika","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70195438,"text":"70195438 - 2004 - Carbon, sulfur, and mercury - A biogeochemical axis of evil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T12:29:37","indexId":"70195438","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Carbon, sulfur, and mercury - A biogeochemical axis of evil","docAbstract":"I welcome this opportunity to come and preach the gospel according to Aiken, which is that to really understand ecosystems we need to pay much more attention to reactions involving natural organic matter. It's taken me many years to convince my colleagues of the important role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the methylation of mercury. Methylmercury is a nasty player - it's a very efficient bioaccumulator that rockets up through the food chain, so even the very low concentrations (nanograms per liter) found in many ecosystems are significant. In most aquatic environments mercury is atmospherically deposited. Here in the Delta, we also have mercury from naturally occurring deposits, as well as from historic mercury and gold mining, coming in from the upstream watershed. Methylmercury is produced at the sediment-water interface by sulfate-reducing bacteria.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2004 CALFED Science Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Getting Results: Integrating Science and Management to Achieve System-Level Responses (2004 CALFED Science Conference)","conferenceDate":"October 4-6, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Sacramento, CA","language":"English","publisher":"CALFED Bay-Delta Program","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G.R., 2004, Carbon, sulfur, and mercury - A biogeochemical axis of evil, in Proceedings of the 2004 CALFED Science Conference, Sacramento, CA, October 4-6, 2004, p. 54-55.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351661,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://science.calwater.ca.gov/events/conferences/conferences_index.html"}],"publicComments":"This publication is part of Section 5: Water Quality.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff0689e4b0da30c1bfcdb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70035160,"text":"70035160 - 2004 - Evaluating observations in the context of predictions for the death valley regional groundwater system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035160","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluating observations in the context of predictions for the death valley regional groundwater system","docAbstract":"When a model is calibrated by nonlinear regression, calculated diagnostic and inferential statistics provide a wealth of information about many aspects of the system. This work uses linear inferential statistics that are measures of prediction uncertainty to investigate the likely importance of continued monitoring of hydraulic head to the accuracy of model predictions. The measurements evaluated are hydraulic heads; the predictions of interest are subsurface transport from 15 locations. The advective component of transport is considered because it is the component most affected by the system dynamics represented by the regional-scale model being used. The problem is addressed using the capabilities of the U.S. Geological Survey computer program MODFLOW-2000, with its Advective Travel Observation (ADV) Package. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)390","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"Ely, D., Hill, M.C., Tiedeman, C.R., and O’Brien, G.M., 2004, Evaluating observations in the context of predictions for the death valley regional groundwater system, in Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)390.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215088,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)390"},{"id":242860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bebe4b0c8380cd5293f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, D.M.","contributorId":33356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tiedeman, C. R.","contributorId":104107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Brien, G. M.","contributorId":31407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035341,"text":"70035341 - 2004 - The effects of wildfire on the peak streamflow magnitude and frequency, Frijoles and Capulin Canyons, Bandelier National Monument, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035341","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The effects of wildfire on the peak streamflow magnitude and frequency, Frijoles and Capulin Canyons, Bandelier National Monument, New Mexico","docAbstract":"In June of 1977, the La Mesa fire burned 15,270 acres in and around Frijoles Canyon, Bandelier National Monument and the adjacent Santa Fe National Forest, New Mexico. The Dome fire occurred in April of 1996 in Bandelier National Monument, burned 16,516 acres in Capulin Canyon and the surrounding Dome Wilderness area. Both canyons are characterized by extensive archeological artifacts, which could be threatened by increased runoff and accelerated rates of erosion after a wildfire. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the National Park Service monitored the fires' effects on streamflow in both canyons. Copyright 2004 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Watershed Management and Operations Management 2000","conferenceTitle":"Watershed Management and Operations Management 2000","conferenceDate":"20 June 2000 through 24 June 2000","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40499(2000)39","isbn":"0784404992; 9780784404997","usgsCitation":"Veenhuis, J., 2004, The effects of wildfire on the peak streamflow magnitude and frequency, Frijoles and Capulin Canyons, Bandelier National Monument, New Mexico, in Watershed Management and Operations Management 2000, v. 105, Fort Collins, CO, 20 June 2000 through 24 June 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40499(2000)39.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215341,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40499(2000)39"}],"volume":"105","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babafe4b08c986b322fe1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veenhuis, J.E.","contributorId":6850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veenhuis","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70035342,"text":"70035342 - 2004 - Debris-flow susceptibility of watersheds recently burned by wildfire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035342","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Debris-flow susceptibility of watersheds recently burned by wildfire","docAbstract":"Evaluation of the erosional response of 95 recently burned watersheds in Colorado, New Mexico, and southern California to storm rainfall established the factors that best differentiate between debris-flow producing basins and those that produced other flow responses. These factors are drainage-basin morphology and lithology, and the presence or absence of water-repellent soils. Basins underlain by sedimentary rocks were most likely to produce debris flows that contain large material, and sand- and gravel-dominated debris flows were generated primarily from terrain underlain by decomposed granite. Basin-area and relief thresholds define the morphologic conditions under which both types of debris flows occurred. Debris flows containing large material were more likely to be produced from basins without water-repellent soils than from basins with water repellency. The occurrence of sand and gravel-dominated debris flows depended on the presence of water repellent soils. Copyright 2004 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Watershed Management and Operations Management 2000","conferenceTitle":"Watershed Management and Operations Management 2000","conferenceDate":"20 June 2000 through 24 June 2000","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40499(2000)38","isbn":"0784404992; 9780784404997","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S., 2004, Debris-flow susceptibility of watersheds recently burned by wildfire, in Watershed Management and Operations Management 2000, v. 105, Fort Collins, CO, 20 June 2000 through 24 June 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40499(2000)38.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215342,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40499(2000)38"}],"volume":"105","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdfde4b0c8380cd4ea59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, S.H.","contributorId":38154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70035165,"text":"70035165 - 2004 - Clearwater local scour experiments in a large flume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035165","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Clearwater local scour experiments in a large flume","docAbstract":"Local sediment scour experiments have been conducted with 0.114 m, 0.305 m and 0.914 m diameter circular piles in a 6.1 m (20 ft) wide by 6.4 m (21 ft) deep by 38.4 m (126 ft) long flume in the Hydraulics Laboratory at the USGS Conte Laboratory in Turners Falls, MA. All of the tests to date have been in the clearwater scour range of velocities and with two near uniform diameter sediments with median diameters of 0.2 mm and 0.8 mm. All tests were conducted with steady, fully developed flows. This paper describes the procedures and instrumentation used in these tests and outlines the live bed scour experiments that are planned after the completion of the clearwater tests. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)130","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"Sheppard, D., Odeh, M., Pritsivelis, A., and Glasser, T., 2004, Clearwater local scour experiments in a large flume, in Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)130.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215182,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)130"},{"id":242964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f642e4b0c8380cd4c63f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheppard, D.M.","contributorId":36336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odeh, M.","contributorId":95413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odeh","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pritsivelis, A.","contributorId":75771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pritsivelis","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glasser, T.","contributorId":60421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glasser","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194934,"text":"70194934 - 2004 - Effects of environmental change on groundwater recharge in the Desert Southwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T17:28:55","indexId":"70194934","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5612,"text":"Water Science and Application","printIssn":"1526-758X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"seriesNumber":"9","title":"Effects of environmental change on groundwater recharge in the Desert Southwest","docAbstract":"Climate and other environmental conditions have varied in the past, and will almost certainly vary significantly in the near future. The response of groundwater recharge to changes in environmental conditions is thus a matter of active concem for water-resources management. The major mechanisms for this response of recharge are three-fold. First, changes in vegetation communities can shift the water balance at the base of the root zone, increasing or decreasing the amount of recharge. Second, variations in the amount of runoff can affect channel recharge. Finally, shifts in the seasonality of precipitation can strongly affect the fraction that is evapotranspired back into the atmosphere and thus affect the amount that becomes recharge. Increases in recharge (defined as the water flux across the water table) may in some cases significantly increase fluxes through regional aquifers, but in other cases, depending on the hydrogeology, may only result in increased streamflow or evapotranspiration within the recharge area. Basins with relatively low maximum elevations, deep water tables, thin soils, and highly permeable recharge areas experience the largest recharge response to increases in precipitation. The relatively well-known paleoenvironmental history of the American Southwest can be compared with various lines of evidence for changes in recharge. These lines of evidence include timing of speleothem formation, chloride profiles in thick vadose zones, changes in water table shown by subsurface calcite precipitation, and expanded groundwater discharge areas. This evidence indicates that the wettest periods of the past 25 ka, which were generally between 20 and 13 ka, were also periods of enhanced vadose zone fluxes and aquifer discharge. Climate-driven changes in recharge appear to have been substantially mediated through changes in vegetation. This evidence for strong recharge response to past environmental changes indicates that expected future climate and environmental change will also cause changes in recharge. The ability to adequately predict future changes in recharge will depend on developing process-based numerical models that can simulate coupled climate/vegetation/ vadose zone processes and incorporate the outputs into groundwater/surface water models that can resolve processes at scales ranging from the hillslope to the basin.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Groundwater recharge in a desert environment: The southwestern United States (Water Science and Application, no. 9)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Americal Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/009WSA15","isbn":"9780875903583","usgsCitation":"Phillips, F.M., Walvoord, M.A., and Small, E.E., 2004, Effects of environmental change on groundwater recharge in the Desert Southwest, chap. of Groundwater recharge in a desert environment: The southwestern United States (Water Science and Application, no. 9): Water Science and Application, p. 273-294, https://doi.org/10.1029/009WSA15.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"294","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350811,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350814,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/009WSA15/summary"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a719273e4b0a9a2e9dbde3e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hogan, James F.","contributorId":30533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726200,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Fred M.","contributorId":57957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726201,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726202,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Fred M.","contributorId":57957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Small, Eric E.","contributorId":54977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Small","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2002782,"text":"2002782 - 2004 - Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:36:53","indexId":"2002782","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":396,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":"Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Ballachey, B.E., Kloecker, K.A., Esslinger, G.G., Monson, D., Coletti, H., and Estes, J.A., 2004, Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: Annual Report.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc586","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":326653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coletti, H.A.","contributorId":33426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coletti","given":"H.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":326655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70194920,"text":"70194920 - 2004 - Monitoring radionuclide contamination in the unsaturated zone - Lessons learned at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-11T06:26:47","indexId":"70194920","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"chapter":"6.4","title":"Monitoring radionuclide contamination in the unsaturated zone - Lessons learned at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Contaminant-transport processes are being investigated at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Amargosa Desert Research Site (A DRS), adjacent to the Nation’s first commercial disposal facility for low-level radioactive waste. Gases containing tritium and radiocarbon are migrating through a 110-m thick unsaturated zone from unlined trenches that received waste from 1962 to 1992. Results relevant to long- term monitoring of radionuclides are summarized as follows. Contaminant plumes have unexpected histories and spatial configurations due to uncertainties in the: (1) geologic framework, (2) biochemical reactions involving waste components, (3) interactions between plume components and unsaturated-zone materials, (4) disposal practices, and (5) physical transport processes. Information on plume dynamics depends on ex-situ wet-chemical techniques because in-situ sensors for the radionuclides of interest do not exist. As at other radioactive-waste disposal facilities, radionuclides at the ADRS are mixed with varying amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Carbon-dioxide and VOC anomalies provide proxies for radioactive contamination. Contaminants in the unsaturated zone migrate along preferential pathways. Effective monitoring thus requires accurate geologic characterization. Direct- current electrical-resistivity imaging successfully mapped geologic units controlling preferential transport at the ADRS. Direct sampling of water from the unsaturated zone is complex and time consuming. Sampling plant water is an efficient alternative for mapping shallow tritium contamination.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Workshop on long-term performance monitoring of metals and radionuclides in the subsurface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint workshop on long-term monitoring of metals and radionuclides in the subsurface: Strategies, tools and case studies","conferenceDate":"April 21-22, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Reston, VA","language":"English","publisher":"Center for Integrated Sensor Technology and Environmental Monitoring Systems","usgsCitation":"Stonestrom, D.A., Abraham, J., Andraski, B.J., Baker, R.J., Mayers, C., Michel, R.L., Prudic, D.E., Striegl, R.G., and Walvoord, M.A., 2004, Monitoring radionuclide contamination in the unsaturated zone - Lessons learned at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nye County, Nevada, in Proceedings, Workshop on long-term performance monitoring of metals and radionuclides in the subsurface, Reston, VA, April 21-22, 2004, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","city":"Beatty","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert Research Site","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-115.9082,39.1615],[-115.5191,38.9578],[-115.4725,38.9325],[-115.4433,38.9162],[-115.3694,38.8769],[-115.363,38.874],[-115.242,38.8093],[-115.0969,38.7309],[-115.0777,38.721],[-115.0604,38.7107],[-115.0291,38.6937],[-114.999,38.6777],[-114.9996,38.592],[-114.9997,38.4315],[-114.9994,38.3894],[-115.0004,38.0507],[-115.1185,38.0508],[-115.1436,38.0508],[-115.326,38.0515],[-115.3453,38.0514],[-115.4003,38.051],[-115.4587,38.0506],[-115.6394,38.0512],[-115.6581,38.051],[-115.8404,38.0504],[-115.8931,38.0507],[-115.8938,37.723],[-115.8969,37.5498],[-115.8975,37.2796],[-115.8982,37.1926],[-115.8942,36.8425],[-115.8941,36.686],[-115.8945,36.6702],[-115.8949,36.598],[-115.8949,36.5962],[-115.8946,36.5858],[-115.8947,36.5005],[-115.8945,36.4806],[-115.8949,36.462],[-115.8944,36.457],[-115.8948,36.3087],[-115.8945,36.2923],[-115.8943,36.1957],[-115.8945,36.1608],[-115.8948,36.1163],[-115.8948,36.0927],[-115.895,36.0015],[-115.9178,36.0192],[-115.9518,36.0457],[-115.9925,36.0773],[-116.049,36.1211],[-116.0624,36.1314],[-116.1039,36.1636],[-116.1287,36.1829],[-116.1702,36.2152],[-116.173,36.2174],[-116.2311,36.2626],[-116.2834,36.3028],[-116.2954,36.3122],[-116.3752,36.373],[-116.5107,36.4764],[-116.5247,36.4871],[-116.5589,36.5131],[-116.574,36.5245],[-116.5946,36.54],[-116.6556,36.5867],[-116.6583,36.5888],[-116.6764,36.6024],[-116.706,36.6248],[-116.7895,36.6877],[-116.8424,36.7276],[-116.8453,36.7298],[-116.8806,36.7568],[-116.8912,36.7648],[-116.9237,36.7891],[-116.9641,36.8193],[-116.9783,36.8299],[-116.981,36.8319],[-117.0046,36.8495],[-117.164,36.9688],[-117.1639,36.9698],[-117.1637,37.0182],[-117.164,37.0894],[-117.1642,37.171],[-117.1641,37.1909],[-117.1641,37.1936],[-117.1665,37.6995],[-117.1664,37.714],[-117.1663,37.7285],[-117.1663,37.7435],[-117.1662,37.7585],[-117.1657,38.0019],[-117.2198,38.0482],[-117.2397,38.0483],[-117.239,38.0641],[-117.2408,38.0705],[-117.2653,38.0932],[-117.6896,38.4731],[-118.0197,38.7599],[-118.197,38.9154],[-118.1972,38.9993],[-117.8559,39.0746],[-117.7748,39.092],[-117.7008,39.1058],[-117.6409,39.1149],[-117.5946,39.1231],[-117.4742,39.1431],[-117.3823,39.1562],[-117.3609,39.1585],[-117.3318,39.1629],[-117.3063,39.1634],[-117.2849,39.1633],[-117.1995,39.1632],[-117.0856,39.1628],[-117.0322,39.1626],[-117.0144,39.1626],[-116.9871,39.1625],[-116.9158,39.1631],[-116.7562,39.1622],[-116.7301,39.1625],[-116.5996,39.1616],[-116.5859,39.162],[-116.4815,39.1616],[-116.3497,39.1618],[-116.2358,39.1616],[-116.0548,39.1624],[-115.9082,39.1615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nye\",\"state\":\"NV\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7040d7e4b06e28e9cae4fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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Digital land-cover data are among the most popular data sources used in ecological research and natural resource management. However, processes for accurate land-cover classification over large regions are still evolving. We identified inconsistencies in the National Land Cover Dataset 1992, the most current and available representation of land cover for the conterminous United States. We also report means to address these inconsistencies in a bird-habitat model. We used a Geographic Information System (GIS) to position a regular grid (or lattice) over the upper midwestern United States and summarized the proportion of individual land covers in each cell within the lattice. These proportions were then mapped back onto the lattice, and the resultant lattice was compared to satellite paths, state borders, and regional map classification units. We observed mapping inconsistencies at the borders between mapping regions, states, and Thematic Mapper (TM) mapping paths in the upper midwestern United States, particularly related to grass I and-herbaceous, emergent-herbaceous wetland, and small-grain land covers. We attributed these discrepancies to differences in image dates between mapping regions, suboptimal image dates for distinguishing certain land-cover types, lack of suitable ancillary data for improving discrimination for rare land covers, and possibly differences among image interpreters. To overcome these inconsistencies for the purpose of modeling regional populations of birds, we combined grassland-herbaceous and pasture-hay land-cover classes and excluded the use of emergent-herbaceous and small-grain land covers. We recommend that users of digital land-cover data conduct similar assessments for other regions before using these data for habitat evaluation. Further, caution is advised in using these data in the analysis of regional land-cover change because it is not likely that future digital land-cover maps will repeat the same problems, thus resulting in biased estimates of change.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0970:CACTRU]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Thogmartin, W.E., Gallant, A.L., Knutson, M.G., Fox, T.J., and Suarez, M.J., 2004, Commentary: A cautionary tale regarding use of the National Land Cover Dataset 1992: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 32, no. 3, p. 970-978, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0970:CACTRU]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"970","endPage":"978","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae6e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637 gallant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":2940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"gallant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knutson, Melinda G.","contributorId":74338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutson","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fox, Timothy J. 0000-0002-6167-3001 tfox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6167-3001","contributorId":1701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"Timothy","email":"tfox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Suarez, Manuel J. msuarez@usgs.gov","contributorId":3086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suarez","given":"Manuel","email":"msuarez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194933,"text":"70194933 - 2004 - Hydrologic processes in deep vadose zones in interdrainage arid environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T17:26:25","indexId":"70194933","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5612,"text":"Water Science and Application","printIssn":"1526-758X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"subseriesTitle":"9","title":"Hydrologic processes in deep vadose zones in interdrainage arid environments","docAbstract":"A unifying theory for the hydrology of desert vadose zones is particularly timely considering the rising population and water stresses in arid and semiarid regions. Conventional models cannot reconcile the apparent discrepancy between upward flow indicated by hydraulic gradient data and downward flow suggested by environmental tracer data in deep vadose zone profiles. A conceptual model described here explains both hydraulic and tracer data remarkably well by incorporating the hydrologic role of desert plants that encroached former juniper woodland 10 to 15 thousand years ago in the southwestern United States. Vapor transport also plays an important role in redistributing moisture through deep soils, particularly in coarse-grained sediments. Application of the conceptual model to several interdrainage arid settings reproduces measured matric potentials and chloride accumulation by simulating the transition from downward flow to upward flow just below the root zone initiated by climate and vegetation change. Model results indicate a slow hydraulic drying response in deep vadose zones that enables matric potential profiles to be used to distinguish whether precipitation episodically percolated below the root zone or was completely removed via evapotranspiration during the majority of the Holocene. Recharge declined dramatically during the Holocene in interdrainage basin floor settings of arid and semiarid basins. Current flux estimates across the water table in these environmental settings, are on the order of 0.01 to 0.1 mm yr-1 and may be recharge (downward) or discharge (upward) depending on vadose zone characteristics, such as soil texture, geothermal gradient, and water table depth. In summary, diffuse recharge through the basin floor probably contributes only minimally to the total recharge in arid and semiarid basins.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Groundwater recharge in a desert environment: The southwestern United States (Water Science and Application, no. 9)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Americal Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/009WSA02","isbn":"9780875903583","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., and Scanlon, B., 2004, Hydrologic processes in deep vadose zones in interdrainage arid environments, chap. of Groundwater recharge in a desert environment: The southwestern United States (Water Science and Application, no. 9): Water Science and Application, p. 15-28, https://doi.org/10.1029/009WSA02.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"28","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350812,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/009WSA02/summary"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a719273e4b0a9a2e9dbde40","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hogan, James F.","contributorId":30533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726194,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Fred M.","contributorId":57957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726195,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726196,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016620,"text":"1016620 - 2004 - A unified approach to analyzing nest success","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T11:11:19","indexId":"1016620","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A unified approach to analyzing nest success","docAbstract":"Logistic regression has become increasingly popular for modeling nest success in terms of nest-specific explanatory variables. However, logistic regression models for nest fate are inappropriate when applied to data from nests found at various ages, for the same reason that the apparent estimator of nest success is biased (i.e. older clutches are more likely to be successful than younger clutches). A generalized linear model is presented and illustrated that gives ornithologists access to a flexible, suitable alternative to logistic regression that is appropriate when exposure periods vary, as they usually do. Unlike the Mayfield method (1961, 1975) and the logistic regression method of Aebischer (1999), the logistic-exposure model requires no assumptions about when nest losses occur. Nest survival models involving continuous and categorical explanatory variables, multiway classifications, and time-specific (e.g. nest age) and random effects are easily implemented with the logistic-exposure model. Application of the model to a sample of Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens) nests shows that logistic-exposure estimates for individual levels of categorical explanatory variables agree closely with estimates obtained with Johnson (1979) constant-survival estimator. Use of the logistic-exposure method to model time-specific effects of nest age and date on survival of Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors) and Mallard (A. platyrhynchos) nests gives results comparable to those reported by Klett and Johnson (1982). However, the logistic-exposure approach is less subjective and much easier to implement than Klett and Johnson's method. In addition, logistic-exposure survival rate estimates are constrained to the (0,1) interval, whereas Klett and Johnson estimates are not. When applied to a sample of Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus) nests, the logistic-exposure method gives results either identical to, or similar to, those obtained with the nest survival model in program MARK (White and Burnham 1999). I illustrate how the combination of generalized linear models and information-theoretic techniques for model selection, along with commonly available statistical software, provides ornithologists with a powerful, easily used approach to analyzing nest success.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0526:AUATAN]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, T., 2004, A unified approach to analyzing nest success: The Auk, v. 121, no. 2, p. 526-540, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0526:AUATAN]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"526","endPage":"540","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128495,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5371","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaffer, T.L.","contributorId":98245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1017312,"text":"1017312 - 2004 - Achieving environmentally relevant organochlorine pesticide concentrations in eggs through maternal exposure in Alligator mississippiensis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-16T10:38:25","indexId":"1017312","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2664,"text":"Marine Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Achieving environmentally relevant organochlorine pesticide concentrations in eggs through maternal exposure in Alligator mississippiensis","docAbstract":"Alligator mississippiensis eggs from organochlorine pesticide (OCP) contaminated sites in Florida exhibit high rates of embryonic mortality compared to reference sites (p<0.05). The objective of the present study was to use captive adult alligators to test the hypotheses that maternal exposure to OCPs results in increased OCP concentrations in eggs, and that increased exposure is associated with increased embryonic mortality. A total of 24 adult alligators (8 males and 16 females) were housed in eight pens. Eight females in four pens were dosed with a mixture of p,p'-DDE, toxaphene, dieldrin, and chlordane at a rate of 0.2 ? 0.01 mg/kg/day for 274 ? 8 days. Treated females produced eggs containing higher OCP concentrations (12,814 ? 813 ng/g yolk) than controls (38 ? 4 ng/g yolk). Eggs of treated females exhibited decreased viability (13 ? 22%) as compared to controls (45 ? 20%). Results indicated that 0.6% of administered OCPs were maternally transferred to the eggs of American alligators, and that maternal exposure is associated with decreased egg/embryo viability in this species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.03.104","usgsCitation":"Rauschenberger, R., Wiebe, J., Buckland, J., Smith, J.T., Sepulveda, M.S., and Gross, T., 2004, Achieving environmentally relevant organochlorine pesticide concentrations in eggs through maternal exposure in Alligator mississippiensis: Marine Environmental Research, v. 58, no. 2-5, p. 851-856, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.03.104.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"851","endPage":"856","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"2-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69967b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rauschenberger, R.H.","contributorId":93442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rauschenberger","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiebe, J.J.","contributorId":11171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiebe","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buckland, J.E.","contributorId":53342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckland","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Joe T.","contributorId":20697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sepulveda, M. S.","contributorId":99918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":2001162,"text":"2001162 - 2004 - Gray wolves in and adjacent to Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota: Research and synthesis 1987-1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-07T15:33:07","indexId":"2001162","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/MWR/NRTR/2004-01","title":"Gray wolves in and adjacent to Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota: Research and synthesis 1987-1991","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","usgsCitation":"Gogan, P., Route, W., Olexa, E., Thomas, N., Kuehn, D., and Podruzny, K., 2004, Gray wolves in and adjacent to Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota: Research and synthesis 1987-1991: Technical Report NPS/MWR/NRTR/2004-01, xi, 68 p.","productDescription":"xi, 68 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Voyageurs National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.5540771484375,\n 48.55297816440071\n ],\n [\n -93.46893310546875,\n 48.3160811030533\n ],\n [\n -92.96356201171875,\n 48.193556524687395\n ],\n [\n -92.63534545898438,\n 48.18165418628939\n ],\n [\n -92.4114990234375,\n 48.203625575146994\n ],\n [\n -92.37716674804688,\n 48.227417282332794\n ],\n [\n -92.3565673828125,\n 48.24113823848043\n ],\n [\n -92.46505737304688,\n 48.45561965661709\n ],\n [\n -92.62298583984375,\n 48.47110032750183\n ],\n [\n -92.59552001953125,\n 48.5275192374508\n ],\n [\n -92.63809204101562,\n 48.571155273059546\n ],\n [\n -92.74246215820312,\n 48.57388127595649\n ],\n [\n -92.90176391601562,\n 48.62746280105111\n ],\n [\n -92.96905517578125,\n 48.646520476743575\n ],\n [\n -93.11187744140625,\n 48.651964204615396\n ],\n [\n -93.22174072265625,\n 48.662849897350576\n ],\n [\n -93.37554931640625,\n 48.63926125872981\n ],\n [\n -93.43734741210938,\n 48.62383195130112\n ],\n [\n -93.515625,\n 48.5611586716714\n ],\n [\n -93.5540771484375,\n 48.55297816440071\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671ee2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gogan, P.J.P.","contributorId":53337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gogan","given":"P.J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Route, W.T.","contributorId":45665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Route","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olexa, E.M.","contributorId":108063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olexa","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, N.","contributorId":72490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuehn, D.","contributorId":102600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuehn","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Podruzny, K.M.","contributorId":54154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podruzny","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":55655,"text":"fs20043055 - 2004 - The importance of wood in headwater streams of the Oregon Coast Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:53","indexId":"fs20043055","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3055","title":"The importance of wood in headwater streams of the Oregon Coast Range","docAbstract":"Although headwater streams comprise the majority of stream length in mountainous regions, little is known about their form and function in comparison to higher-order rivers. A better understanding of the role of headwater streams in routing water, wood, and sediment is needed to clarify the physical and biological connections among uplands, riparian zones, and downstream reaches.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20043055","usgsCitation":"May, C., Gresswell, R., and Erickson, J.L., 2004, The importance of wood in headwater streams of the Oregon Coast Range: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3055, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043055.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":5363,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fsl.orst.edu/cfer/pdfs/CFERFS04.pdf","size":"676","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3055.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624e87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, Christine","contributorId":99619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Christine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E.","contributorId":13194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erickson, Janet L.","contributorId":39847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023,"text":"ofr20041442 - 2004 - Summary of studies supporting cumulative effects analysis of upper Yellowstone River channel modifications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T18:54:33","indexId":"ofr20041442","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1442","title":"Summary of studies supporting cumulative effects analysis of upper Yellowstone River channel modifications","docAbstract":"During the last several decades, portions of the upper Yellowstone River have been modified for flood control and erosion prevention. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for administration of a permit program for evaluating construction activities affecting rivers, streams, and wetlands. The Corps regulates activities under the authority of Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Since assumption of jurisdiction in the mid-1970’s, the Corps has processed a total of 156 permit actions for the upper Yellowstone River. Over two-thirds of the permit actions occurred during or after two consecutive large floods during 1996 and 1997. In response to concern regarding the potential environmental and ecological consequences of channel modification, the Corps, in conjunction with State and local government agencies, initiated a series of scientific studies to better understand the effects of channel modification in the upper Yellowstone River (Figure 1). These included preparation of wetland and riparian inventory maps (Bon, 2001); hydraulic modeling and flood-plain delineation; watershed land-cover assessment (Pick and Potter, 2003); historic bottomland use analysis (Brelsford and others, 2003); analysis of channel modification effects on fish habitat (Bowen and others, 2003); comparison of juvenile salmonid use of modified and unmodified habitats (Zale and Rider, 2003); analysis of riparian vegetation and flood-plain turnover (Merigliano and Polzin, 2003); study of the relations between riparian habitat and bird communities (Hansen and others, 2003); analyses of geomorphology and historical channel changes (Dalby and Robinson, 2003); socioeconomic assessment (BBC Research and Consulting, 2002); and sediment transport investigations and modeling (Holnbeck, 2003).
\nThis report is a summary of results from the individual scientific studies as they bear on future programmatic cumulative effects analyses of channel modification of the upper Yellowstone River. We do not attempt a formal, cumulative impact assessment in the sense of evaluating alternatives or future scenarios. The first section presents major findings of the resource studies in terms of temporal comparisons, spatial comparisons, and causal relations. In this section, we present a series of conceptual models or flow diagrams of the major causal pathways of cumulative impacts from channel modification. These represent major pathways of potential impact based on knowledge from other rivers, concerns expressed about the upper Yellowstone, and results from the scientific studies. These diagrams serve to focus interpretation of study results as either supporting or not supporting the importance and magnitude of particular causal relations and to identify key linking variables appearing in multiple causal pathways. These key variables that connect channel modification actions to multiple, valued environmental attributes can serve as the foundation for both projecting and monitoring future responses of the system.
\nA section on analytical realities outlines some of the limitations of projecting cumulative impacts from channel modification of the upper Yellowstone River on meaningful spatial and temporal scales and some of the difficulties of interpreting results from studies conducted shortly after two extreme floods and substantial increases in channel modification. A section on classification describes the two primary geomorphic classification systems of the upper Yellowstone River used in the various individual resource studies. Each of these systems has been valuable in supporting field sampling and expressing results concerning patterns of variation. Their integration or revision into a classification system to achieve some new purpose, such as a regulatory program or monitoring system, will depend on a crisp articulation of riverine management or regulatory objectives. A section on key variables identifies those that are central to the causal pathways connecting channel modification to impacts and provides a rationale for key variables as an alternative to other tools such as Proper Functioning Condition (Barrett and others, 1993), Index of Biotic Integrity (Karr, 1981), or the Synoptic Approach (Liebowitz and others, 1992). This section also explains relations among key variable to Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) assessment procedures (Hauer and Smith, 1998; Hauer and others, 2001) and outlines how these 2 variables might be monitored to track cumulative impacts. Examples of how selected key variables can be quantified using Geographic Information System data sets developed from the resource studies are presented for one reach.
\nThe largest portion of the document is an Appendix that summarizes each of the individual scientific studies in terms of scope and methods, findings, principal variables, and metrics used in the study or suggested by the study results, and important needs for further study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041442","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., Bowen, Z.H., Bovee, K.D., Farmer, A.H., Sexton, N.R., and Waddle, T.J., 2004, Summary of studies supporting cumulative effects analysis of upper Yellowstone River channel modifications (Revised and reprinted 2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1442, v, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041442.","productDescription":"v, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193276,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041442.PNG"},{"id":320290,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1442/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.91934204101562,\n 45.00462215014995\n ],\n [\n -110.91934204101562,\n 45.740693395533064\n ],\n [\n -110.22308349609375,\n 45.740693395533064\n ],\n [\n -110.22308349609375,\n 45.00462215014995\n ],\n [\n -110.91934204101562,\n 45.00462215014995\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Revised and reprinted 2004","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699528","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bovee, Ken D.","contributorId":100447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farmer, Adrian H.","contributorId":107759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sexton, Natalie R.","contributorId":82750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Waddle, Terry J.","contributorId":43430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70026358,"text":"70026358 - 2004 - New insights on stress rotations from a forward regional model of the San Andreas fault system near its Big Bend in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026358","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New insights on stress rotations from a forward regional model of the San Andreas fault system near its Big Bend in southern California","docAbstract":"Understanding the stress field surrounding and driving active fault systems is an important component of mechanistic seismic hazard assessment. We develop and present results from a time-forward three-dimensional (3-D) model of the San Andreas fault system near its Big Bend in southern California. The model boundary conditions are assessed by comparing model and observed tectonic regimes. The model of earthquake generation along two fault segments is used to target measurable properties (e.g., stress orientations, heat flow) that may allow inferences on the stress state on the faults. It is a quasi-static model, where GPS-constrained tectonic loading drives faults modeled as mostly sealed viscoelastic bodies embedded in an elastic half-space subjected to compaction and shear creep. A transpressive tectonic regime develops southwest of the model bend as a result of the tectonic loading and migrates toward the bend because of fault slip. The strength of the model faults is assessed on the basis of stress orientations, stress drop, and overpressures, showing a departure in the behavior of 3-D finite faults compared to models of 1-D or homogeneous infinite faults. At a smaller scale, stress transfers from fault slip transiently induce significant perturbations in the local stress tensors (where the slip profile is very heterogeneous). These stress rotations disappear when subsequent model earthquakes smooth the slip profile. Maps of maximum absolute shear stress emphasize both that (1) future models should include a more continuous representation of the faults and (2) that hydrostatically pressured intact rock is very difficult to break when no material weakness is considered. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002890","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Fitzenz, D., and Miller, S., 2004, New insights on stress rotations from a forward regional model of the San Andreas fault system near its Big Bend in southern California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002890.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478275,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jb002890","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208393,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002890"},{"id":234121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65dee4b0c8380cd72c78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzenz, D.D.","contributorId":61218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzenz","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, S.A.","contributorId":66389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70196856,"text":"70196856 - 2004 - Chapter 8 Petrogenesis and mineralogic residence of selected elements in the meade peak phosphatic shale member of the permian phosphoria formation, Southeast Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-04T13:39:41","indexId":"70196856","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Chapter 8 Petrogenesis and mineralogic residence of selected elements in the meade peak phosphatic shale member of the permian phosphoria formation, Southeast Idaho","docAbstract":"The Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale Member of the Permian Phosphoria Formation hosts the ore mined by the phosphate industry of southeast Idaho. It also hosts environmentally sensitive elements (ESE) such as Se, As, Hg, Ni, Cd, Zn, and Cr. Primary chemistry, elemental distribution patterns, and mineralogy within the Meade Peak were modified by element migration and possibly the introduction of elements. Fluids moved within the Meade Peak throughout its history, although the passage of fluids was highly variable in space and time, resulting in small domains of different rock chemistry and different mineralogy. Timing of major events affecting the Meade Peak and mineral habit are used to differentiate among detrital, diagenetic, epigenetic, and supergene mineral assemblages. Cross-cutting relationships among minerals are too rare to provide much paragenetic infor- mation. Carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) occurs in several forms, but dominantly as pelloids, some of which may have formed in situ during diagenesis. The other volumetrically signifi- cant form of CFA is interstitial cement that formed during diagenesis. Beginning during diagenesis and continuing intermittently, multiple generations of carbonate (dolomite and calcite) formed overgrowths and texturally complex carbonate cements. Movement and precipitation of silica followed a similar pattern. The ammonium feldspar buddingtonite, which generally rims orthoclase, also formed during diagenesis. Bacteria apparently played a significant role during diagenesis as well as during supergene processes, resulting in extreme fractionation of S isotopes and the possible bacterially mediated formation of minerals such as glauconite and sphalerite.
Catagenesis, apparently culminating in oil generation, was the last significant diagenetic change. Thrusting accompanied by fluid (oil and brine) migration began during catagenesis in the Late Jurassic or Cretaceous and continued into the early Eocene.
Fluorite ± carbonate ± barite± bitumen veins formed as a result of brittle deformation and accompanying fluid movement. This fracturing event may have been associated with a period of extension and normal faulting (Neogene to Holocene). Passage of the Yellowstone hot spot to the north of the area during the Neogene is marked by silicic domes and basaltic flows. The enrichment of Hg in fracture coatings might be the result of deposition from warm fluids associated with the emplacement of the silicic domes or a generally elevated, regional thermal gradient associated with the volcanism.
Many of the fracture systems are still open and continue to provide fluid pathways that are the primary depositional sites for a wide variety of supergene minerals (such as Se, efflorescent salts) and element associations (such as Hg, Cd-S, Fe-Cr-O) in which many of the ESE are concentrated. Native Se is the most commonly identified host of Se in the studied samples. The largest concentration of Se occurs in open-fracture systems that cross-cut waste rock and ore units. The age(s) of native Se formation is not known; how- ever, the latest period of Se mobility is the present. Direct measurement of efflorescent “salts” forming on new mine faces indicate that several ESE, including both Se and Zn, are concentrated on the faces soon after they are exposed. Zinc is present as hydrous sulfates, but the residence of Se in these “salts” is unknown.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of exploration and environmental geochemistry, Vol. 8","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1874-2734(04)80010-X","usgsCitation":"Grauch, R.I., Desborough, G.A., Meeker, G.P., Foster, A., Tysdal, R.G., Herring, J.R., Lowers, H., Ball, B.A., Zielinski, R.A., and Johnson, E.A., 2004, Chapter 8 Petrogenesis and mineralogic residence of selected elements in the meade peak phosphatic shale member of the permian phosphoria formation, Southeast Idaho, chap. of Handbook of exploration and environmental geochemistry, Vol. 8, v. 8, p. 189-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1874-2734(04)80010-X.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"226","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.5,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 42.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff0689e4b0da30c1bfcdb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, Richard I. 0000-0002-1763-0813 rgrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":1193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"Richard","email":"rgrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":734753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Desborough, George A.","contributorId":101661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, A. L. 0000-0003-1362-0068","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-0068","contributorId":17190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tysdal, Russell G.","contributorId":1700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tysdal","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":734757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herring, J. R.","contributorId":117611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lowers, Heather A. hlowers@usgs.gov","contributorId":149265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather A.","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":734759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ball, B. A.","contributorId":204695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Johnson, E. A.","contributorId":87893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":53204,"text":"ofr03469 - 2004 - Photomosaics and logs of trenches on the San Andreas Fault at Mill Canyon near Watsonville, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:37:40.670524","indexId":"ofr03469","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-469","title":"Photomosaics and logs of trenches on the San Andreas Fault at Mill Canyon near Watsonville, California","docAbstract":"We present photomosaics and logs of the walls of trenches excavated for a paleoseismic study at Mill Canyon, one of two sites along the San Andreas fault in the Santa Cruz Mtns. on the Kelley-Thompson Ranch. This site was a part of Rancho Salsipuedes beginning in 1834. It was purchased by the present owner’s family in 1851. Remnants of a cabin/mill operations still exist up the canyon dating from 1908 when the area was logged. At this location, faulting has moved a shutter ridge across the mouth of Mill Canyon ponding Holocene sediment. Recent faulting is confined to a narrow zone near the break in slope.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03469","usgsCitation":"Fumal, T.E., Dawson, T.E., Flowers, R., Hamilton, J.C., Heingartner, G.F., Kessler, J., and Samrad, L., 2004, Photomosaics and logs of trenches on the San Andreas Fault at Mill Canyon near Watsonville, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-469, 1 Plate: 67.65 x 35.18 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03469.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 67.65 x 35.18 inches","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177134,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03469.jpg"},{"id":283966,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0469/pdf/of03-469.pdf"},{"id":4831,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0469/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Watsonville","otherGeospatial":"Mill Canyon, San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.022445,36.858232 ], [ -122.022445,37.08012 ], [ -121.566315,37.08012 ], [ -121.566315,36.858232 ], [ -122.022445,36.858232 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685dd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fumal, Thomas E.","contributorId":67882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fumal","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Timothy E.","contributorId":24429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. Geol. Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":246904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flowers, Rebecca","contributorId":73269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flowers","given":"Rebecca","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamilton, John C. jhamilton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"John","email":"jhamilton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":246901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heingartner, Gordon F.","contributorId":11275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heingartner","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kessler, James","contributorId":21629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kessler","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Samrad, Laura","contributorId":83997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samrad","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}