{"pageNumber":"2744","pageRowStart":"68575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70027431,"text":"70027431 - 2004 - American black bear denning behavior: Observations and applications using remote photography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-03T17:05:06.403426","indexId":"70027431","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"American black bear denning behavior: Observations and applications using remote photography","docAbstract":"<p>Researchers examining American black bear (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) denning behavior have relied primarily on den-site visitation and radiotelemetry to gather data. Repeated den-site visits are time-intensive and may disturb denning bears, possibly causing den abandonment, whereas radiotelemetry is sufficient only to provide gross data on den emergence. We used remote cameras to examine black bear denning behavior in the Allegheny Mountains of western Virginia during March-May 2003. We deployed cameras at 10 den sites and used 137 pictures of black bears. Adult female black bears exhibited greater extra-den activity than we expected prior to final den emergence, which occurred between April 12 and May 6, 2003. Our technique provided more accurate den-emergence estimation than previously published methodologies. Additionally, we observed seldom-documented behaviors associated with den exits and estimated cub age at den emergence. Remote cameras can provide unique insights into denning ecology, and we describe their potential application to reproductive, survival, and behavioral research.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[188:ABBDBO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bridges, A., Fox, J., Olfenbuttel, C., and Vaughan, M., 2004, American black bear denning behavior: Observations and applications using remote photography: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 32, no. 1, p. 188-193, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[188:ABBDBO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"193","costCenters":[{"id":613,"text":"Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Allegheny Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.78173828125,\n              36.63316209558658\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.47509765625,\n              36.63316209558658\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.47509765625,\n              37.89219554724437\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.83740234375,\n              37.38761749978395\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.15576171875,\n              37.43997405227057\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.78173828125,\n              36.63316209558658\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9b2e4b0c8380cd483c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridges, A.S.","contributorId":49961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fox, J.A.","contributorId":89419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olfenbuttel, C.","contributorId":94560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olfenbuttel","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vaughan, M.B.","contributorId":48841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughan","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1016299,"text":"1016299 - 2004 - Responses of Ambystoma gracile to the removal of introduced nonnative fish from a mountain lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-16T17:16:35.196676","indexId":"1016299","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of Ambystoma gracile to the removal of introduced nonnative fish from a mountain lake","docAbstract":"<p>Introduced, nonnative brook trout (<i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>) were removed from a mountain lake in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, to examine the capacity of native <i>Ambystoma gracile</i> (Northwestern Salamander) in the lake to respond to the intentional removal of fish. Temporal trends (<span class=\"inline-formula\">Δ̄</span><span>N</span>) were calculated for <i>A. gracile</i> larvae/neotene and egg mass relative abundances in the Fish Removal and an adjacent Fishless Lake. The diel and spatial patterns of <i>A. gracile</i> in the lakes were also enumerated during time-intervals of fish presence in and after fish removal from the Fish Removal Lake. Sixty-six fish were removed from the Fish Removal Lake. The <span class=\"inline-formula\">Δ̄</span><span>Ns</span> for relative abundances in the Fish Removal Lake were positive for the study period and indicated that the number of larvae/neotenes and egg masses observed in the lake increased concurrent with the removal and extirpation of fish from the lake. Numbers of larvae/neotenes and egg masses observed in the Fishless Lake varied annually, but no overall positive or negative trends were evident during the study. <i>Ambystoma gracile</i> in the Fish Removal Lake, during fish presence, were predominantly nocturnal and located in the shallow, structurally complex nearshore area of the lake. After fish were removed, the number of <i>A. gracile</i> observed in the lake increased, especially during the day and in the deeper, less structurally complex offshore area of the lake. Fishless Lake <i>A. gracile</i> were readily observed day and night in all areas of the lake throughout the study. The <i>A. gracile</i> in the Fish Removal Lake behaviorally adapted to the presence of introduced fish and were able to recover from the affects of the fish following fish removal. This study underscores the important relationship between species life history and the variability of responses of montane aquatic-breeding amphibians to fish introductions in mountain lakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1670/44-04A","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, R.L., Larson, G.L., and Samora, B., 2004, Responses of Ambystoma gracile to the removal of introduced nonnative fish from a mountain lake: Journal of Herpetology, v. 38, no. 4, p. 578-585, https://doi.org/10.1670/44-04A.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"578","endPage":"585","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.14599609375001,\n              46.558860303117164\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.201171875,\n              46.558860303117164\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.201171875,\n              46.965259400349275\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14599609375001,\n              46.965259400349275\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14599609375001,\n              46.558860303117164\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fac93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, Robert L.","contributorId":52931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, Gary L. gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Gary","email":"gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Samora, B.","contributorId":10012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samora","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":55655,"text":"fs20043055 - 2004 - The importance of wood in headwater streams of the Oregon Coast Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:53","indexId":"fs20043055","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3055","title":"The importance of wood in headwater streams of the Oregon Coast Range","docAbstract":"Although headwater streams comprise the majority of stream length in mountainous regions, little is known about their form and function in comparison to higher-order rivers. A better understanding of the role of headwater streams in routing water, wood, and sediment is needed to clarify the physical and biological connections among uplands, riparian zones, and downstream reaches.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20043055","usgsCitation":"May, C., Gresswell, R., and Erickson, J.L., 2004, The importance of wood in headwater streams of the Oregon Coast Range: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3055, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043055.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":5363,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fsl.orst.edu/cfer/pdfs/CFERFS04.pdf","size":"676","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3055.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624e87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, Christine","contributorId":99619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Christine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E.","contributorId":13194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erickson, Janet L.","contributorId":39847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70142162,"text":"70142162 - 2004 - Regional analysis of spiculite faunas in the permian phosphoria basin: Implications for paleoceanography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-19T10:32:27","indexId":"70142162","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3872,"text":"Handbook of Exploration and Environmental Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"chapter":"5","title":"Regional analysis of spiculite faunas in the permian phosphoria basin: Implications for paleoceanography","docAbstract":"<p>The sponge spiculites of the Permian Phosphoria basin, Antler high, and eastern Havallah basin were the southernmost expression of one of the largest spiculite belts in the Earth's history. This spiculite belt extended from Nevada to the Barents Sea. In Idaho and Nevada, the spicule populations of this belt are dominated by demosponge spicules and are distinctive for their abundant rhax microscleres, large monaxons, and lithistid desmas. They form an Eastern Belt of spiculites that interfingers with spicule assemblages derived from choristid demosponges and hexactinellids that lived along the eastern margin of the deeper Havallah basin. The Havallah basin assemblages are similar to those in Permian arc terranes to the west, and together the sponge populations in this domain constitute a dis- tinct Central Belt. Radiolarians are virtually absent in the siliceous microfossil populations of the Eastern Belt, abundant in the populations of the Central Belt, and dominant in the populations of a Western Belt confined to Mesozoic accretionary complexes in the Pacific Coast States. The scattered sponge spicules in the Western Belt radiolarites were derived from hexactinellids.</p>\n<p>During the Permian, the relative abundance and apparent diversity of siliceous sponges expanded over a wide range of depths in the basins from Nevada and Idaho to the open ocean. Radiolarian preservation and apparent diversity increased in the deeper Cordilleran basins as well. In the Arctic regions, significant sponge spiculites were deposited in epicratonic basins. At the same time that siliceous sponge populations expanded along the northwestern margin of Pangea, warm-water carbonate producers disappeared. Suppression of carbonate-producing organisms along the margin was critical to the accu- mulation and preservation of both the demosponge spiculites in the Eastern Belt and the spicule-rich argillites of the Central Belt. Vigorous thermohaline circulation was the major control on the paleobiogeography of the late Early, Middle, and early Late Permian along northwest Pangea. It was driven by cold, nutrient- and oxygen-rich northern waters and it produced a coastal current that swept down the margin of the supercontinent. The upwelling associated with deposition of world-class phosphorites in the Phosphoria basin was a part of this larger oceanographic system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/S1874-2734(04)80007-X","usgsCitation":"Murchey, B.L., 2004, Regional analysis of spiculite faunas in the permian phosphoria basin: Implications for paleoceanography: Handbook of Exploration and Environmental Geochemistry, v. 8, p. 111-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1874-2734(04)80007-X.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":298749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550bf335e4b02e76d759cdf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murchey, Benita L. bmurchey@usgs.gov","contributorId":504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchey","given":"Benita","email":"bmurchey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":541645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70157570,"text":"70157570 - 2004 - Transient volcano deformation sources imaged with interferometric synthetic aperture radar: Application to Seguam Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-23T10:09:38","indexId":"70157570","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient volcano deformation sources imaged with interferometric synthetic aperture radar: Application to Seguam Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Thirty interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) images, spanning various intervals during 1992&ndash;2000, document coeruptive and posteruptive deformation of the 1992&ndash;1993 eruption on Seguam Island, Alaska. A procedure that combines standard damped least squares inverse methods and collective surfaces, identifies three dominant amorphous clusters of deformation point sources. Predictions generated from these three point source clusters account for both the spatial and temporal complexity of the deformation patterns of the InSAR data. Regularized time series of source strength attribute a distinctive transient behavior to each of the three source clusters. A model that combines magma influx, thermoelastic relaxation, poroelastic effects, and petrologic data accounts for the transient, interrelated behavior of the source clusters and the observed deformation. Basaltic magma pulses, which flow into a storage chamber residing in the lower crust, drive this deformational system. A portion of a magma pulse is injected into the upper crust and remains in storage during both coeruption and posteruption intervals. This injected magma degasses and the volatile products accumulate in a shallow poroelastic storage chamber. During the eruption, another portion of the magma pulse is transported directly to the surface via a conduit roughly centered beneath Pyre Peak on the west side of the island. A small amount of this magma remains in storage during the eruption, and posteruption thermoelastic contraction ensues. This model, made possible by the excellent spatial and temporal coverage of the InSAR data, reveals a relatively simple system of interrelated predictable processes driven by magma dynamics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002568","usgsCitation":"Masterlark, T., and Lu, Z., 2004, Transient volcano deformation sources imaged with interferometric synthetic aperture radar: Application to Seguam Island, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. B1, B10401:16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002568.","productDescription":"B10401:16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jb002568","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308669,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-01-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560a64f0e4b058f706e536fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masterlark, Timothy","contributorId":92829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masterlark","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35607,"text":"South Dakota School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":573674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000903,"text":"1000903 - 2004 - Fleet dynamics of the commercial lake trout fishery in Michigan waters of Lake Superior during 1929-1961","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-13T12:17:52.592378","indexId":"1000903","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fleet dynamics of the commercial lake trout fishery in Michigan waters of Lake Superior during 1929-1961","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding fishing fleet dynamics is important when using fishery dependent data to infer the status of fish stocks. We analyzed data from mandatory catch reports from the commercial lake trout (</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>) fishery in Michigan waters of Lake Superior during 1929–1961, a period when lake trout populations collapsed through the combined effects of overfishing and sea lamprey (</span><i>Petromyzon marinus</i><span>) predation. The number of full-time fishermen increased during 1933–1943 and then decreased during 1943–1957. Addition of new fishermen was related to past yield, market prices, World War II draft exemptions, and lost fishing opportunities in Lake Huron and Lake Michigan. Loss of existing fishermen was related to declining lake trout density. Large mesh (≥ 114-mm stretch-measure) gill net effort increased during 1929–1951 because fishermen fished more net inshore as lake trout density declined, even though catch per effort (CPE) was often higher in deeper waters. The most common gill net mesh size increased from 114-mm to 120-mm stretch-measure during 1929–1957, as lake trout growth increased. More effort was fished inshore than offshore and the amount of inshore effort was less variable over time than offshore effort. Relatively stable yield was maintained by increasing gill net effort and by moving some effort to better grounds. Because fishing-up caused yield and CPE to remain high despite declining lake trout abundance, caution must be used when basing goals for lake trout restoration on historical fishery indices.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(04)70343-3","usgsCitation":"Wilberg, M.J., Bronte, C.R., and Hansen, M.J., 2004, Fleet dynamics of the commercial lake trout fishery in Michigan waters of Lake Superior during 1929-1961: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 30, no. 2, p. 252-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(04)70343-3.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"252","endPage":"266","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.41748046874999,\n              46.84516443029276\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3955078125,\n              46.543749602738565\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6484375,\n              46.73986059969267\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.04443359375,\n              47.487513008956554\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.681640625,\n              46.70973594407157\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.11035156249999,\n              46.830133640447386\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.78076171875,\n              46.78501604269254\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.47314453125,\n              46.46813299215554\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.68212890625,\n              46.37725420510028\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.06689453125,\n              46.58906908309182\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.078125,\n              46.66451741754235\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.01220703125,\n              46.46813299215554\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.57275390625,\n              46.40756396630067\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.10009765625,\n              47.07012182383309\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.8251953125,\n              47.30903424774781\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.4404296875,\n              47.53203824675999\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.60498046875,\n              48.06339653776211\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.41796875,\n              48.40003249610685\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.92333984375,\n              48.19538740833338\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.40673828125,\n              48.03401915864286\n            ],\n            [\n              -90,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef0b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilberg, Michael J.","contributorId":36494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilberg","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176529,"text":"70176529 - 2004 - Seasonal methane emissions by diffusion and ebullition from oligohaline marsh environments in coastal Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-20T14:42:23","indexId":"70176529","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Seasonal methane emissions by diffusion and ebullition from oligohaline marsh environments in coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p><span>Methane is an important atmospheric greenhouse gas that is emitted from many natural and anthropogenic sources. In order to evaluate the global methane budget, precise data are needed from the diverse sources including coastal wetlands. Over 100 time-series determinations of methane emissions from an oligohaline wetland (brackish marsh) in coastal Louisiana show large variability during five seasonal sampling periods. Emission by both diffusion and ebullition (bubbles) was measured, however, neither of these emission modes were strongly dependent on either water depth or temperature (except in winter). Methane emission to static collectors placed over plants (</span><i>Scirpus olneyi</i><span> and</span><i>Spartina patens</i><span>) was not significantly different from shallow open water or mud. However, considerable heterogeneity in methane emissions and processes occurs even at a single site. Thus, establishing a reasonable estimate of the overall methane emission for a particular marsh environment and season requires multiple measurements at several sites. The average emissions for April, May, July, and September ranged from 31 to 54 mg/m2/h (744–1296 mg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/day). This can be separated into emissions from diffusion ranging from 8.3 to 20 mg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/h (18–50% of total) and emissions due to ebullition of 20–44 mg/m /h (50–82%). January emissions were much lower, amounting to 0.2 mg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/h (6 mg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/day), mainly by diffusion with only one episode of ebullition. Extrapolating these data to annual emissions gives total annual methane emissions of 203 g/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/yr (61 g/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/yr by diffusion and 142 g/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/yr by ebullition).</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemical investigations in Earth and Space Science: A tribute to Isaac R. Kaplan: The Geochemical Society Special Publications Vol. 9","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Geochemical Society","doi":"10.1016/S1873-9881(04)80028-2","usgsCitation":"Leventhal, J.S., and Guntenspergen, G.R., 2004, Seasonal methane emissions by diffusion and ebullition from oligohaline marsh environments in coastal Louisiana, chap. <i>of</i> Geochemical investigations in Earth and Space Science: A tribute to Isaac R. Kaplan: The Geochemical Society Special Publications Vol. 9, v. 9, p. 389-408, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1873-9881(04)80028-2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"408","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328771,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe932ee4b0824b2d14c992","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leventhal, Joel S.","contributorId":36529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leventhal","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":57975,"text":"ofr20041199 - 2004 - An economic analysis of alternative fertility control and associated management techniques for three BLM wild horse herds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T18:44:35","indexId":"ofr20041199","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1199","title":"An economic analysis of alternative fertility control and associated management techniques for three BLM wild horse herds","docAbstract":"<p>Contemporary cost projections were computed for several alternative strategies that could be used by BLM to manage three wild horse populations. The alternatives included existing gather and selective removal methods, combined with potential contraceptive applications of varying duration and other potentially useful management techniques. Costs were projected for a 20-year economic life using the Jenkins wild horse population model and cost estimates from BLM that reflect state-by-state per horse removal, adoption, long-term holding, and contraceptive application expenses. Important findings include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Application of currently available 2-year contraceptives appears capable of reducing variable operating costs for wild horse populations by about 21% on average.</li>\n<li>Application of 3-year contraceptives, when fully tested and available, may be capable of reducing variable operating costs by about 27% on average.</li>\n<li>Combining contraceptives with modest changes to herd sex ratio (e.g., 55-60% males) can trim existing costs by about 31%.</li>\n<li>All savings are predicted to increase when contraception is applied in conjunction with the proposed removal policy that targets horses age zero to four, instead of zero to five.</li>\n<li>Reductions in herd size result in greater predicted variation in annual operating expenses for each herd, especially below about 200 animals, but are always at least &plusmn;20%.</li>\n<li>Because the horse program&rsquo;s variable operating costs only make up about one half of the total program costs (which include fixed and sunk costs), even with aggressive contraceptive management, total program costs could only be reduced by about 17%. This would still save about $7.7 million per year.</li>\n<li>None of the contraceptive options examined eliminated the need for long-term holding facilities over the 20-year period simulated, but the number of horses held may be reduced by about 23% with aggressive contraceptive treatment.</li>\n<li>Cost estimates are most sensitive to adoption age and per day holding costs.</li>\n<li>There are opportunities to improve both the population modeling software and the modeling processes used in assembling Herd Management Area environmental assessments.</li>\n</ul>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041199","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J.M., 2004, An economic analysis of alternative fertility control and associated management techniques for three BLM wild horse herds (Revised and reprinted 2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1199, iii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041199.","productDescription":"iii, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184339,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041199.PNG"},{"id":320274,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1199/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"48","edition":"Revised and reprinted 2004","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684a81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, John M.","contributorId":77598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026310,"text":"70026310 - 2004 - The Coso geothermal area: A laboratory for advanced MEQ studies for geothermal monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-31T18:05:27.872703","indexId":"70026310","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The Coso geothermal area: A laboratory for advanced MEQ studies for geothermal monitoring","docAbstract":"<p>The permanent 16-station network of three-component digital seismometers at the Coso geothermal area, California, supplemented by 14 temporary instruments deployed in connection with the DOE Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) Project, provides high-quality microearthquake (MEQ) recordings that are well suited to monitoring a producing geothermal area. We are currently using these data to investigate structure and active processes within the geothermal reservoir by applying three advanced methods: a) high-precision MEQ hypocenter location; b) time-dependent tomography; c) complete (moment tensor) MEQ source mechanism determination. Preliminary results to date resolve seismogenic structures in the producing field more clearly than is possible with conventional earthquake-location techniques. A shallow part of the producing field shows clear changes in the ratio of the seismic wave speeds, <i>V<sub>p</sub></i>/<i>V<sub>s</sub></i>, between 1996 and 2002, which are probably related to physical changes in the reservoir caused by fluid extraction.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermal Resources Council Transactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Geothermal Energy: The Reliable Renewable - Geothermal Resources Council 2004 Annual Meeting, GRC","conferenceDate":"August 29-September 1, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Indian Wells, California, United States","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","issn":"01935933","usgsCitation":"Julian, B., Foulger, G., and Richards-Dinger, K., 2004, The Coso geothermal area: A laboratory for advanced MEQ studies for geothermal monitoring, <i>in</i> Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 28, Indian Wells, California, United States, August 29-September 1, 2004, p. 403-405.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"403","endPage":"405","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234468,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":412508,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geothermal-library.org/index.php?mode=pubs&action=view&record=1022507"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coso Geothermal Area, Coso Volcanic Field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.9428256323103,\n              36.09078737099766\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.92016633055245,\n              35.979179875670326\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.89750702879459,\n              35.93304707841433\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.89476044676346,\n              35.909136361180586\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.8569949438338,\n              35.87242213045528\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.75605805418513,\n              35.904687058147786\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.75468476316959,\n              36.002513914194296\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.7485049535994,\n              36.09689067835505\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.9428256323103,\n              36.09078737099766\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6efe4b08c986b3212e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Julian, B.R.","contributorId":101272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foulger, G.R.","contributorId":14439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foulger","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richards-Dinger, K.","contributorId":37125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards-Dinger","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026316,"text":"70026316 - 2004 - 3D near-to-surface conductivity reconstruction by inversion of VETEM data using the distorted Born iterative method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026316","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2103,"text":"Inverse Problems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"3D near-to-surface conductivity reconstruction by inversion of VETEM data using the distorted Born iterative method","docAbstract":"Three-dimensional (3D) subsurface imaging by using inversion of data obtained from the very early time electromagnetic system (VETEM) was discussed. The study was carried out by using the distorted Born iterative method to match the internal nonlinear property of the 3D inversion problem. The forward solver was based on the total-current formulation bi-conjugate gradient-fast Fourier transform (BCCG-FFT). It was found that the selection of regularization parameter follow a heuristic rule as used in the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm so that the iteration is stable.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Inverse Problems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1088/0266-5611/20/6/S12","issn":"02665611","usgsCitation":"Wang, G., Chew, W., Cui, T., Aydiner, A., Wright, D., and Smith, D., 2004, 3D near-to-surface conductivity reconstruction by inversion of VETEM data using the distorted Born iterative method: Inverse Problems, v. 20, no. 6, https://doi.org/10.1088/0266-5611/20/6/S12.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208331,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0266-5611/20/6/S12"}],"volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e25ce4b0c8380cd45af5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, G.L.","contributorId":96458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chew, W.C.","contributorId":19730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chew","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cui, T.J.","contributorId":72552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cui","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aydiner, A.A.","contributorId":76088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aydiner","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, D.L.","contributorId":88758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, D.V.","contributorId":31143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026317,"text":"70026317 - 2004 - A method for evaluating the importance of system state observations to model predictions, with application to the Death Valley regional groundwater flow system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:37:19","indexId":"70026317","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method for evaluating the importance of system state observations to model predictions, with application to the Death Valley regional groundwater flow system","docAbstract":"<p><span>We develop a new observation‐prediction (OPR) statistic for evaluating the importance of system state observations to model predictions. The OPR statistic measures the change in prediction uncertainty produced when an observation is added to or removed from an existing monitoring network, and it can be used to guide refinement and enhancement of the network. Prediction uncertainty is approximated using a first‐order second‐moment method. We apply the OPR statistic to a model of the Death Valley regional groundwater flow system (DVRFS) to evaluate the importance of existing and potential hydraulic head observations to predicted advective transport paths in the saturated zone underlying Yucca Mountain and underground testing areas on the Nevada Test Site. Important existing observations tend to be far from the predicted paths, and many unimportant observations are in areas of high observation density. These results can be used to select locations at which increased observation accuracy would be beneficial and locations that could be removed from the network. Important potential observations are mostly in areas of high hydraulic gradient far from the paths. Results for both existing and potential observations are related to the flow system dynamics and coarse parameter zonation in the DVRFS model. If system properties in different locations are as similar as the zonation assumes, then the OPR results illustrate a data collection opportunity whereby observations in distant, high‐gradient areas can provide information about properties in flatter‐gradient areas near the paths. If this similarity is suspect, then the analysis produces a different type of data collection opportunity involving testing of model assumptions critical to the OPR results.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003313","usgsCitation":"Tiedeman, C.R., Ely, D.M., Hill, M.C., and O’Brien, G.M., 2004, A method for evaluating the importance of system state observations to model predictions, with application to the Death Valley regional groundwater flow system: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 12, Article W2411; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003313.","productDescription":"Article W2411; 14 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"40","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e453e4b0c8380cd465a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiedeman, Claire R. 0000-0002-0128-3685 tiedeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-3685","contributorId":196777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"Claire","email":"tiedeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":408986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ely, D. Matthew","contributorId":100052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":408985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Brien, Grady M.","contributorId":71197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Grady","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026318,"text":"70026318 - 2004 - Modification of pure oxygen absorption equipment for concurrent stripping of carbon dioxide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026318","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modification of pure oxygen absorption equipment for concurrent stripping of carbon dioxide","docAbstract":"The high solubility of carbon dioxide precludes significant desorption within commercial oxygen absorption equipment. This operating characteristic of the equipment limits its application in recirculating water culture systems despite its ability to significantly increase allowable fish loading rates (kg/(L min)). Carbon dioxide (DC) is typically removed by air stripping. This process requires a significant energy input for forced air movement, air heating in cold climates and water pumping. We developed a modification for a spray tower that provides for carbon dioxide desorption as well as oxygen absorption. Elimination of the air-stripping step reduces pumping costs while allowing dissolved nitrogen to drop below saturation concentrations. This latter response provides for an improvement in oxygen absorption efficiency within the spray tower. DC desorption is achieved by directing head-space gases from the spray tower (O2, N2, CO2) through a sealed packed tower scrubber receiving a 2 N NaOH solution. Carbon dioxide is selectively removed from the gas stream, by chemical reaction, forming the product Na 2CO3. Scrubber off-gas, lean with regard to carbon dioxide but still rich with oxygen, is redirected through the spray tower for further stripping of DC and absorption of oxygen. Make-up NaOH is metered into the scrubbing solution sump on an as needed basis as directed by a feedback control loop programmed to maintain a scrubbing solution pH of 11.4-11.8. The spent NaOH solution is collected, then regenerated for reuse, in a batch process that requires relatively inexpensive hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2). A by-product of the regeneration step is an alkaline filter cake, which may have use in bio-solids stabilization. Given the enhanced gas transfer rates possible with chemical reaction, the required NaOH solution flow rate through the scrubber represents a fraction of the spray tower water flow rate. Further, isolation of the water being treated from the atmosphere (1), allows for an improvement in oxygen absorption efficiency by maintaining DN well below local saturation concentrations (2), minimizes building energy requirements related to heating and ventilation and (3), reduces the potential for pathogen transmittance. We report on the performance of a test scrubber evaluated over a range of NaOH solution temperatures, pH, packing irrigation rates, and gas stream compositions. We also describe our experience with the process in a pilot scale recirculating water (trout) production system.","largerWorkTitle":"Aquacultural Engineering","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2004.03.010","issn":"01448609","usgsCitation":"Watten, B., Sibrell, P., Montgomery, G., and Tsukuda, S., 2004, Modification of pure oxygen absorption equipment for concurrent stripping of carbon dioxide, <i>in</i> Aquacultural Engineering, v. 32, no. 1, p. 183-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2004.03.010.","startPage":"183","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478274,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2004.03.010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208348,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2004.03.010"},{"id":234042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5cb0e4b0c8380cd6fe9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watten, B.J. 0000-0002-2227-8623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":11537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":408987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sibrell, P.L.","contributorId":13343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Montgomery, G.A.","contributorId":102248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tsukuda, S.M.","contributorId":70157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsukuda","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035368,"text":"70035368 - 2004 - Identifying a base network of federally funded streamgaging stations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70035368","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Identifying a base network of federally funded streamgaging stations","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has completed a preliminary analysis to identify streamgaging stations needed in a base network that would satisfy five primary Federal goals for collecting streamflow information. The five goals are (1) determining streamflow at interstate and international borders and at locations mandated by court decrees, (2) determining the streamflow component of water budgets for the major river basins of the Nation, (3) providing real-time streamflow information to the U.S. National Weather Service to support flood-forecasting activities, (4) providing streamflow information at locations of monitoring stations included in USGS national water-quality networks, and (5) providing streamflow information necessary for regionalization of streamflow characteristics and assessing potential long-term trends in streamflow associated with changes in climate. The analysis was done using a Geographic Information System. USGS headquarters staff made initial selections of stations that satisfied at least one of the five goals, and then staff in each of the 48 USGS district offices reviewed the selections, making suggestions for additions or changes based on detailed local knowledge of the streams in the area. The analysis indicated that 4,242 streamgaging stations are needed in the base network to meet the 5 Federal goals for streamflow information. Of these, 2,692 stations (63.5 percent) are currently operated by the USGS, 277 stations (6.5 percent) are currently operated by other agencies, 865 (20.4 percent) are discontinued USGS stations that need to be reactivated, and 408 (9.6 percent) are locations where new stations are needed. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World's Water and Environmental Resources Challenges - Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001","conferenceTitle":"World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001","conferenceDate":"20 May 2001 through 24 May 2001","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40569(2001)136","isbn":"0784405697; 9780784405697","usgsCitation":"Ries, K., Kolva, J., and Stewart, D.W., 2004, Identifying a base network of federally funded streamgaging stations, <i>in</i> Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World's Water and Environmental Resources Challenges - Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001, v. 111, Orlando, FL, 20 May 2001 through 24 May 2001, https://doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)136.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215254,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)136"}],"volume":"111","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3846e4b0c8380cd614e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ries, Kernell G. III kries@usgs.gov","contributorId":1913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ries","given":"Kernell G.","suffix":"III","email":"kries@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":450357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolva, J.R.","contributorId":64264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolva","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, D. W.","contributorId":86194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035448,"text":"70035448 - 2004 - A web-enabled system for integrated assessment of watershed development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035448","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A web-enabled system for integrated assessment of watershed development","docAbstract":"Researchers at Virginia Tech have put together the primary structure of a web enabled integrated modeling system that has potential to be a planning tool to help decision makers and stakeholders in making appropriate watershed management decisions. This paper describes the integrated system, including data sources, collection, analysis methods, system software and design, and issues of integrating the various component models. The integrated system has three modeling components, namely hydrology, economics, and fish health, and is accompanied by descriptive 'help files.' Since all three components have a related spatial aspect, GIS technology provides the integration platform. When completed, a user will access the integrated system over the web to choose pre-selected land development patterns to create a 'what if' scenario using an easy-to-follow interface. The hydrologic model simulates effects of the scenario on annual runoff volume, flood peaks of various return periods, and ground water recharge. The economics model evaluates tax revenue and fiscal costs as a result of a new land development scenario. The fish health model evaluates effects of new land uses in zones of influence to the health of fish populations in those areas. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World's Water and Environmental Resources Challenges - Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001","conferenceTitle":"World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001","conferenceDate":"20 May 2001 through 24 May 2001","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40569(2001)113","isbn":"0784405697; 9780784405697","usgsCitation":"Dymond, R., Lohani, V., Regmi, B., and Dietz, R., 2004, A web-enabled system for integrated assessment of watershed development, <i>in</i> Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World's Water and Environmental Resources Challenges - Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001, v. 111, Orlando, FL, 20 May 2001 through 24 May 2001, https://doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)113.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215500,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)113"},{"id":243310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e61de4b0c8380cd47183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dymond, R.","contributorId":44754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dymond","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lohani, V.","contributorId":23351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohani","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Regmi, B.","contributorId":58860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regmi","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dietz, R.","contributorId":17061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietz","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035449,"text":"70035449 - 2004 - Methods and guidelines for effective model calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035449","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Methods and guidelines for effective model calibration","docAbstract":"This paper briefly describes nonlinear regression methods, a set of 14 guidelines for model calibration, how they are implemented in and supported by two public domain computer programs, and a demonstration and a test of the methods and guidelines. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)18","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., 2004, Methods and guidelines for effective model calibration, <i>in</i> Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)18.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215501,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)18"},{"id":243311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5586e4b0c8380cd6d220","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035531,"text":"70035531 - 2004 - Simulation of an urban ground-water-flow system in the Menomonee Valley, Milwaukee, Wisconsin using analytic element modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035531","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulation of an urban ground-water-flow system in the Menomonee Valley, Milwaukee, Wisconsin using analytic element modeling","docAbstract":"A single-layer, steady-state analytic element model was constructed to simulate shallow ground-water flow in the Menomonee Valley, an old industrial center southwest of downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Project objectives were to develop an understanding of the shallow ground-water flow system and identify primary receptors of recharge to the valley. The analytic element model simulates flow in a 18.3 m (60 ft) thick layer of estuarine and alluvial sediments and man-made fill that comprises the shallow aquifer across the valley. The thin, laterally extensive nature of the shallow aquifer suggests horizontal-flow predominates, thus the system can appropriately be modeled with the Dupuit-Forchheimer approximation in an analytic element model. The model was calibrated to the measured baseflow increase between two USGS gages on the Menomonee River, 90 head measurements taken in and around the valley during December 1999, and vertical gradients measured at five locations under the river and estuary in the valley. Recent construction of the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewer District Inline Storage System (ISS) in the Silurian dolomite under the Menomonee Valley has locally lowered heads in the dolomite appreciably, below levels caused by historic pumping. The ISS is a regional hydraulic sink which removes water from the bedrock even during dry weather. The potential effect on flow directions in the shallow aquifer of dry-weather infiltration to the ISS was evaluated by adjusting the resistance of the line-sink strings representing the ISS in the model to allow infiltration from 0 to 100% of the reported 9,500 m<sup>3</sup>/d. The best fit to calibration targets was found between 60% (5,700 m<sup>3</sup>/d) and 80% (7,600 m<sup>3</sup>/d) of the reported dry-weather infiltration. At 60% infiltration, 65% of the recharge falling on the valley terminates at the ISS and 35% at the Menomonee River and estuary. At 80% infiltration, 73% of the recharge terminates at the ISS, and 27% at the river and estuary. Model simulations suggest that the ISS has an greater influence on the shallow ground-water flow in the eastern half of valley as compared to the western half. Preliminary three-dimensional simulations using the numerical MODFLOW code show good agreement with the single-layer simulation and supports its use in evaluating the shallow system. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World's Water and Environmental Resources Challenges - Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001","conferenceTitle":"World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001","conferenceDate":"20 May 2001 through 24 May 2001","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40569(2001)32","isbn":"0784405697; 9780784405697","usgsCitation":"Dunning, C.P., and Feinstein, D.T., 2004, Simulation of an urban ground-water-flow system in the Menomonee Valley, Milwaukee, Wisconsin using analytic element modeling, <i>in</i> Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World's Water and Environmental Resources Challenges - Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001, v. 111, Orlando, FL, 20 May 2001 through 24 May 2001, https://doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)32.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216210,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)32"},{"id":244064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9011e4b08c986b3192d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunning, C. P.","contributorId":35792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feinstein, D. T.","contributorId":47328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feinstein","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026308,"text":"70026308 - 2004 - Preliminary results of a dam-removal analysis on brewster creek near st. Charles, Illinois, 2002-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026308","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Preliminary results of a dam-removal analysis on brewster creek near st. Charles, Illinois, 2002-2004","docAbstract":"The benefits of gradually removing a dam (through multiple notches) are to reduce the total project cost and reduce possible environmental effects by allowing the impounded sediment to slowly move downstream, and a stable stream and revegetated floodplain to form upstream. Notching, in this study of a dam on Brewster Creek, near St. Charles, Illinois, involves cutting a given height (in five 12-18 inch notches over approximately a 9 month period) across the length (or some portion of the length) of the dam. Brewster Creek is a tributary of the Fox River in northeastern, Illinois. Sediment, dissolved oxygen, and geomorphic response are being monitored before, during, and after a gradual (notching) removal of the dam. The study area includes the creek reach immediately below the dam and above the lake. Preliminary data analysis indicate that during and after the removal, the relation between the sediment transported to the study area from upstream and the sediment transported out of the study area remained relatively stable. This preliminary result indicates that the notching system created a fairly slow and predictable sediment transport response to storms, when compared to known upstream sediment loads. This result corresponds to the slow geomorphic response at the site since inception of the notching sequence in 2003. The creek responded to the five notches removed over the course of 9 months by gradually cutting through the former lakebed sediment to establish a meandering channel. Notchings did not appreciably affect dissolved oxygen concentrations in Brewster Creek.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2004 Self-Sustaining Solutions for Streams, Wetlands, and Watersheds Conference","conferenceTitle":"2004 Self-Sustaining Solutions for Streams, Westlands, and Watersheds Conference","conferenceDate":"12 September 2004 through 15 September 2004","conferenceLocation":"St Paul, MN","language":"English","isbn":"1892769441","usgsCitation":"Kosky, K., Straub, T.D., Roseboom, D., and Johnson, G., 2004, Preliminary results of a dam-removal analysis on brewster creek near st. Charles, Illinois, 2002-2004, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 2004 Self-Sustaining Solutions for Streams, Wetlands, and Watersheds Conference, St Paul, MN, 12 September 2004 through 15 September 2004, p. 266-272.","startPage":"266","endPage":"272","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8a65e4b0c8380cd7e04c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"D'Ambrosio J.L.","contributorId":128433,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"D'Ambrosio J.L.","id":536591,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Kosky, K.M.","contributorId":62383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosky","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straub, T. D.","contributorId":88775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roseboom, D.P.","contributorId":44331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseboom","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, G.P.","contributorId":34554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"G.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026311,"text":"70026311 - 2004 - An integrated geospatial approach to monitoring the Bering Glacier system, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026311","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An integrated geospatial approach to monitoring the Bering Glacier system, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Bering Glacier is the largest and longest glacier in continental North America, with an area of approximately 5,175 km2, and a length of 190 km. It is also the largest surging glacier in America, having surged at least five times during the twentieth century. The last surge of the Bering Glacier occurred in 1993-1995, since then, the glacier has undergone constant and significant retreat thereby expanding the boundaries of Vitus Lake and creating a highly dynamic system, both ecologically and hydrologically. This study utilized GIS to integrate remote sensing observations, with detailed bathymetric, hydrographic and in situ water quality measurements of the rapidly expanding Vitus Lake. Vitus Lake has nearly doubled in surface area from 58.4 km2 to 108.8 km2, with a corresponding increase in water volume from 6.1 km3 to 10.5 km3 over the same period. The remote sensing observations were used to direct a systematic bathymetric, hydrographic and water quality measurement survey in Vitus Lake which revealed a complex three dimensional structure that is the result of sea water inflow, convection generated by ice melting and the injection of fresh water from beneath the glacier.","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings: Science for Society: Exploring and Managing a Changing Planet. IGARSS 2004","conferenceDate":"20 September 2004 through 24 September 2004","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Josberger, E., Payne, J., Savage, S., Shuchman, R., and Meadows, G., 2004, An integrated geospatial approach to monitoring the Bering Glacier system, Alaska, <i>in</i> International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), v. 2, Anchorage, AK, 20 September 2004 through 24 September 2004, p. 1140-1143.","startPage":"1140","endPage":"1143","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea80e4b0c8380cd488e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Payne, J.","contributorId":37126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savage, S.","contributorId":103049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shuchman, R.","contributorId":44719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuchman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meadows, G.","contributorId":38439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meadows","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035315,"text":"70035315 - 2004 - Use of acoustic technology to define hydraulic characteristics of an estuary near the Mississippi Gulf Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035315","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of acoustic technology to define hydraulic characteristics of an estuary near the Mississippi Gulf Coast","docAbstract":"An Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) was used on the Jourdan River at Interstate Highway 10 near Kiln, Mississippi, in 1996 to measure three-dimensional velocity vectors and water depths and in 1998, in combination with a global positioning system, to define channel bathymetry in the vicinity of the bridge. During a 25-hour period on September 19-20, 1996, 117 consecutive measurements of stage and discharge were obtained throughout a complete tidal cycle. These measurements were obtained during the time of year when headwater flows were minimal, and, therefore, the tidal-affected flow conditions were noticeable. The stage ranged from only 0.7 to 2.8 ft above sea level, but discharge ranged from 3,980 ft<sup>3</sup>/s flowing upstream to 5,580 ft <sup>3</sup>/s flowing downstream. The average discharge during the 25-hour period was only 80 ft<sup>3</sup>/s flowing downstream. By using the ADCP, full downstream flow, bi-directional flow, and full upstream flow conditions were identified. If conventional measurement techniques had been used, the bi-directional flow conditions could not have been detected since flow direction would have been based on what was seen at the water surface. These measurements were used to define the lower range of the stage-storage-volume relation inland of the highway. On June 10, 1998, the ADCP, in combination with a global positional system, was used to define channel bathymetry for the river reach from about 3,500 ft upstream to about 2,500 ft downstream of the bridge. The bathymetry was compared to past soundings obtained in the vicinity of the bridge; as much as 18 ft of total scour was indicated to have occurred at a bridge pier. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)305","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"Van Wilson, K., 2004, Use of acoustic technology to define hydraulic characteristics of an estuary near the Mississippi Gulf Coast, <i>in</i> Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)305.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215461,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)305"},{"id":243269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbea7e4b08c986b3296e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Wilson, K. Jr.","contributorId":62403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Wilson","given":"K.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70198140,"text":"70198140 - 2004 - Tailrace Egress of yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead following juvenile bypass system passage at John Day Dam, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-17T14:52:55","indexId":"70198140","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Tailrace Egress of yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead following juvenile bypass system passage at John Day Dam, 2002","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center","doi":"10.3133/70198140","usgsCitation":"Smith, C.D., Liedtke, T.L., Hausmann, B., Schei, J.L., Lyng, J., Gee, L., and Beeman, J.W., 2004, Tailrace Egress of yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead following juvenile bypass system passage at John Day Dam, 2002, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70198140.","productDescription":"103 p.","numberOfPages":"103","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355738,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"John Day Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.10916137695312,\n              45.596743928454124\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.23025512695312,\n              45.596743928454124\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.23025512695312,\n              45.80199916666154\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.10916137695312,\n              45.80199916666154\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.10916137695312,\n              45.596743928454124\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98ca94e4b0702d0e846935","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, C. D.","contributorId":29785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hausmann, B.J.","contributorId":177770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hausmann","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schei, Jacquelyn L. jschei@usgs.gov","contributorId":3394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schei","given":"Jacquelyn","email":"jschei@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":740209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lyng, J.R.","contributorId":178421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyng","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gee, L.P.","contributorId":50062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70026650,"text":"70026650 - 2004 - Enhanced marine productivity off western North America during warm climate intervals of the past 52 k.y","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026650","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhanced marine productivity off western North America during warm climate intervals of the past 52 k.y","docAbstract":"Studies of the Santa Barbara Basin off the coast of California have linked changes in its bottom-water oxygen content to millennial-scale climate changes as recorded by the oxygen isotope composition of Greenland ice. Through the use of detailed records from a sediment core collected off the Magdalena Margin of Baja California, Mexico, we demonstrate that this teleconnection predominantly arose from changes in marine productivity, rather than changes in ventilation of the North Pacific, as was originally proposed. One possible interpretation is that the modern balance of El Nin??o-La Nin??a conditions that favors a shallow nutricline and high productivity today and during warm climate intervals of the past 52 k.y. was altered toward more frequent, deep nutricline, low productivity, El Nin??o-like conditions during cool climate intervals. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G20234.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Ortiz, J., O’Connell, S.B., DelViscio, J., Dean, W., Carriquiry, J., Marchitto, T., Zheng, Y., and VanGeen, A., 2004, Enhanced marine productivity off western North America during warm climate intervals of the past 52 k.y: Geology, v. 32, no. 6, p. 521-524, https://doi.org/10.1130/G20234.1.","startPage":"521","endPage":"524","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208457,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G20234.1"}],"volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a096fe4b0c8380cd51eea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortiz, J.D.","contributorId":37932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connell, S. B.","contributorId":72674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connell","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DelViscio, J.","contributorId":45592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DelViscio","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dean, W.","contributorId":24076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carriquiry, J.D.","contributorId":51949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carriquiry","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marchitto, T.","contributorId":12752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marchitto","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zheng, Yen","contributorId":80842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Yen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70026651,"text":"70026651 - 2004 - Feeding ecology and energetic relationships with habitat of blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, and flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris, in the lower Mississippi River, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026651","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding ecology and energetic relationships with habitat of blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, and flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris, in the lower Mississippi River, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"We examined feeding of blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, and flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris, collected from floodplain lake, secondary (side) river channel, and main river channel habitats in the lower Mississippi River (LMR), U.S.A. We described the feeding ecology of two large river catfish species within the context of whether off-channel habitats in the LMR (i.e., floodplain lakes and secondary channels) potentially provided energetic benefits to these fishes as purported in contemporary theory on the ecology of large rivers. We used diet composition and associated caloric densities of prey consumed as indicators of energetic benefit to catfishes. Differences in diet among habitats were strong for blue catfish, but weak for flathead catfish; consumed foods generally differed among habitats in caloric (energy) content. Caloric densities of consumed foods were generally greatest in floodplain lakes, least in the main river channel, and intermediate in secondary river channels. Strong between-year variation in diet was observed, but only for blue catfish. Blue catfish fed disproportionately on lower-energy zebra mussels in the main river channel during 1997, and higher-energy chironomids and oligochaetes in floodplain lakes during 1998. Results suggested that although off-channel habitats potentially provided greater energetic return to catfishes in terms of foods consumed, patterns of feeding and subsequent energy intake may vary annually. Energetic benefits associated with off-channel habitats as purported under contemporary theory (e.g., the 'flood-pulse concept') may not be accrued by catfishes every year in the LMR.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:EBFI.0000029341.45030.94","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Eggleton, M., and Schramm, H., 2004, Feeding ecology and energetic relationships with habitat of blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, and flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris, in the lower Mississippi River, U.S.A.: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 70, no. 2, p. 107-121, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EBFI.0000029341.45030.94.","startPage":"107","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208458,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:EBFI.0000029341.45030.94"},{"id":234210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f6be4b0c8380cd538cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eggleton, M.A.","contributorId":40370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggleton","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schramm, H.L. Jr.","contributorId":103823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schramm","given":"H.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026652,"text":"70026652 - 2004 - Prevalence of the parasitic copepod Haemobaphes intermedius on juvenile buffalo sculpins from Washington State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T15:01:23","indexId":"70026652","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prevalence of the parasitic copepod Haemobaphes intermedius on juvenile buffalo sculpins from Washington State","docAbstract":"<p>The parasitic copepod, Haemobaphes intermedius, was detected in 62% of juvenile buffalo sculpins Enophrys bison, a previously unreported host, from the San Juan Islands archipelago in Washington State. Most infestations were characterized by the presence of a single female copepod infestations with multiple H. intermedius occurred either unilaterally or bilaterally in 29% of parasitized individuals. Impaired condition of parasitized hosts was indicated by significantly lower total lengths and weights (34.9 mm; 1.6 g) than in unparasitized cohorts (38.9 mm; 2.1 g). Host specificity was indicated by the failure to detect H. intermedius in 43 sympatric great sculpins Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus from the same location.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/H04-006.1","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Halpenny, C., Kocan, R.M., and Hershberger, P., 2004, Prevalence of the parasitic copepod Haemobaphes intermedius on juvenile buffalo sculpins from Washington State: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 16, no. 3, p. 161-163, https://doi.org/10.1577/H04-006.1.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"163","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208459,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/H04-006.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.10317993164062,\n              48.62610126300646\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.20960998535156,\n              48.62292419804796\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.20823669433594,\n              48.54161415420273\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.99400329589844,\n              48.41826449418743\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.94525146484375,\n              48.46563710044979\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.947998046875,\n              48.5370678355958\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.08189392089845,\n              48.62383195130112\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.10317993164062,\n              48.62610126300646\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b75e4b0c8380cd7e25f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halpenny, C.M.","contributorId":76523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halpenny","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kocan, R. M.","contributorId":41783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hershberger, P.K. 0000-0002-2261-7760","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":58818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"P.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026614,"text":"70026614 - 2004 - Mortality sensitivity in life-stage simulation analysis: A case study of southern sea otters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-11T17:14:17.977185","indexId":"70026614","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mortality sensitivity in life-stage simulation analysis: A case study of southern sea otters","docAbstract":"<p>Currently, there are no generally recognized approaches for linking detailed mortality and pathology data to population-level analyses of extinction risk. We used a combination of analytical and simulation-based analyses to examine 20 years of age- and sex-specific mortality data for southern sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>), and we applied results to project the efficacy of alternative conservation strategies. Population recovery of the southern sea otter has been slow (rate of population <span>increase λ = 1.05)</span> compared to other recovering populations (<span>λ = 1.17–1.20</span>), and the population declined (<span>λ = 0.975</span>) between 1995 and 1999. Age-based Leslie matrices were developed to explore explanations for the slow recovery and recent decline in the southern sea other population. An elasticity analysis was performed to predict effects of proportional changes in stage-specific reproductive or survival rates on the rate of population increase. A life-stage simulation analysis (LSA) was developed to evaluate the impact of changing age- and cause-specific mortality rates on <span>λ</span>. The information used to develop these models was derived from death assemblage, pathology, and live population census data to examine the sensitivity of sea otter population growth to different sources of mortality (e.g., disease and starvation, direct human take [fisheries, gun shot, boat strike, oil pollution], mating trauma and intraspecific aggression, shark bites, and unknown). We used resampling simulations to generate random combinations of vital rates for a large number of matrix replicates and drew on these to estimate potential effects of mortality sources on population growth (<span>λ</span>). Our analyses suggest management actions that are likely and unlikely to promote recovery of the southern sea otter and more broadly indicate a methodology to better utilize cause-of-death data in conservation decision-making.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/03-5006","usgsCitation":"Gerber, L., Tinker, M.T., Doak, D., Estes, J.A., and Jessup, D.A., 2004, Mortality sensitivity in life-stage simulation analysis: A case study of southern sea otters: Ecological Applications, v. 14, no. 5, p. 1554-1565, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1554","endPage":"1565","costCenters":[{"id":586,"text":"Tinker & Estes Lab and Santa Cruz Field Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e81e4b0c8380cd70aa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerber, L.R.","contributorId":33097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerber","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinker, M. T. 0000-0002-3314-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":54152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doak, D.F.","contributorId":39729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doak","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jessup, David A.","contributorId":96226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jessup","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":410200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1002945,"text":"1002945 - 2004 - Trace elements in moose (Alces alces) found dead in Northwestern Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T16:39:08.390214","indexId":"1002945","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Trace elements in moose (<i>Alces alces</i>) found dead in Northwestern Minnesota, USA","title":"Trace elements in moose (Alces alces) found dead in Northwestern Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The moose (<i>Alces alces</i>) population in bog and forest areas of Northwestern Minnesota has declined for more than 25 years, and more recently the decline is throughout Northwestern Minnesota. Both deficiencies and elevations in trace elements have been linked to the health of moose worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether trace element toxicity or deficiency may have contributed to the decline of moose in Northwestern Minnesota. Livers of 81 moose found dead in Northwestern Minnesota in 1998 and 1999 were analyzed for trace elements. With the exception of selenium (Se) and copper (Cu), trace elements were not at toxic or deficient levels based on criteria set for cattle. Selenium concentrations in moose livers based on criteria set for cattle were deficient in 3.7% of livers and at a chronic toxicity level in 16% of livers. Copper concentrations based on criteria set for cattle were deficient in 39.5% of livers, marginally deficient in 29.5% of livers and adequate in 31% of livers. Moose from agricultural areas had higher concentrations, on average, of Cd, Cu, Mo and Se in their livers than moose from bog and forest areas. Older moose had higher concentrations of Cd and Zn, and lower concentrations of Cu than younger moose. Copper deficiency, which has been associated with population declines of moose in Alaska and Sweden, may be a factor contributing to the decline of moose in Northwestern Minnesota. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ScienceDirect","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.03.019","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., Cox, E., and Gray, B., 2004, Trace elements in moose (Alces alces) found dead in Northwestern Minnesota, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 330, no. 1-3, p. 81-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.03.019.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"87","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.6357421875,\n              45.920587344733654\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.8232421875,\n              45.85941212790755\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.91113281249999,\n              48.69096039092549\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5703125,\n              48.719961222646276\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7900390625,\n              49.18170338770663\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.09765625,\n              49.26780455063753\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.1416015625,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.20703125,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.6357421875,\n              45.920587344733654\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"330","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627e77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, E.","contributorId":77883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, B.","contributorId":96634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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