In extreme environments, retention of nutrients within stream ecosystems contributes to the persistence of aquatic biota and continuity of ecosystem function. In the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, many glacial meltwater streams flow for only 5–12 weeks a year and yet support extensive benthic microbial communities. We investigated NO3− uptake and denitrification in Green Creek by analyzing small‐scale microbial mat dynamics in mesocosms and reach‐scale nutrient cycling in two whole‐stream NO3− enrichment experiments. Nitrate uptake results indicated that microbial mats were nitrogen (N)‐limited, with NO3− uptake rates as high as 16 nmol N cm−2 h−1. Denitrification potentials associated with microbial mats were also as high as 16 nmol N cm−2 h−1. During two whole‐stream NO3−−enrichment experiments, a simultaneous pulse of NO2− was observed in the stream water. The one‐dimensional solute transport model with inflow and storage was modified to simulate two storage zones: one to account for short time scale hydrologic exchange of stream water into and out of the benthic microbial mat, the other to account for longer time scale hydrologic exchange with the hyporheic zone. Simulations indicate that injected NO3− was removed both in the microbial mat and in the hyporheic zone and that as much as 20% of the NO3− that entered the microbial mat and hyporheic zone was transformed to NO2− by dissimilatory reduction. Because of the rapid hydrologic exchange in microbial mats, it is likely that denitrification is limited either by biotic assimilation, reductase limitation, or transport limitation (reduced NO2− is transported away from reducing microbes).
We examined the effects of the insecticide carbaryl on larval amphibian communities in large-scale experimental ponds. Tadpoles of two anurans, Woodhouse's toad (Bufo woodhousii) and southern leopard Frog (Rana sphenocephala), were reared in ponds (800 m3 volume) to determine the effects of tadpole density and carbaryl exposure on mass at metamorphosis and on time and survival to metamorphosis. Exposure to carbaryl significantly affected toads at metamorphosis, but not leopard frogs. Carbaryl exposure nearly doubled toad survival compared to controls; this effect may be attributable to an indirect effect of earbaryl increasing algal food resources. The competitive environment (i.e., density) and carbaryl exposure significantly affected the trade-off between mass and time to metamorphosis for toads. Our study is the first to demonstrate that in pond communities where predation and competition may be strong, short-lived insecticides can significantly alter the community dynamics of amphibians.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/02-5308","usgsCitation":"Boone, M., Semlitsch, R.D., Fairchild, J., and Rothermel, B., 2004, Effects of an insecticide on amphibians in large-scale experimental ponds: Ecological Applications, v. 14, no. 3, p. 685-691, https://doi.org/10.1890/02-5308.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"685","endPage":"691","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Missouri","state":"Boone County, Callaway County","city":"Columbia, Jefferson City","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.548828125,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -91.966552734375,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -91.966552734375,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -92.548828125,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -92.548828125,\n 38.51378825951165\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0689e4b0c8380cd512c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boone, M.D.","contributorId":31157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boone","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Semlitsch, R. D.","contributorId":22522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semlitsch","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fairchild, J.F.","contributorId":88891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rothermel, B.B.","contributorId":67251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rothermel","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026392,"text":"70026392 - 2004 - Grassland vegetation and bird communities in the southern Great Plains of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026392","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":682,"text":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grassland vegetation and bird communities in the southern Great Plains of North America","docAbstract":"Structure and composition of vegetation and abundance of breeding birds in grasslands seeded to Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa ischmaeum) were compared to native mixed prairie in the southern Great Plains of North America. Abundance of birds was determined using fixed-radius point counts. Detrended correspondence analysis was used to compare plant community composition and canonical correspondence analysis was used to examine the relationships between plant species composition and vegetation structure with the bird community. Plant species composition differed distinctly between seeded grassland and native mixed prairie, but the differences were not reflected in habitat structure, bird community composition, or abundance of bird species. Seeded grassland was inferior to native mixed prairie in terms of diversity of plant species, but that difference did not translate into meaningful differences in structure that drove habitat selection by breeding birds. Conservation programs that promote establishment of seeded grassland and do not allow for suitable disturbance regimes will selectively benefit a narrow suite of birds regardless of plant species composition. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.026","issn":"01678809","usgsCitation":"Chapman, R., Engle, D.M., Masters, R., and Leslie, D., 2004, Grassland vegetation and bird communities in the southern Great Plains of North America: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 104, no. 3, p. 577-585, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.026.","startPage":"577","endPage":"585","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208370,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.026"},{"id":234084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a29e9e4b0c8380cd5ad3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, R.N.","contributorId":12238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engle, David M.","contributorId":97225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masters, R.E.","contributorId":49146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masters","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026530,"text":"70026530 - 2004 - Field-based evaluation of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as passive air samplers of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026530","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field-based evaluation of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as passive air samplers of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)","docAbstract":"Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) have been used as passive air samplers of semivolatile organic compounds in a range of studies. However, due to a lack of calibration data for polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), SPMD data have not been used to estimate air concentrations of target PAHs. In this study, SPMDs were deployed for 32 days at two sites in a major metropolitan area in Australia. High-volume active sampling systems (HiVol) were co-deployed at both sites. Using the HiVol air concentration data from one site, SPMD sampling rates were measured for 12 US EPA Priority Pollutant PAHs and then these values were used to determine air concentrations at the second site from SPMD concentrations. Air concentrations were also measured at the second site with co-deployed HiVols to validate the SPMD results. PAHs mostly associated with the vapour phase (Fluorene to Pyrene) dominated both the HiVol and passive air samples. Reproducibility between replicate passive samplers was satisfactory (CV<20%) for the majority of compounds. Sampling rates ranged between 0.6 and 6.1 m3 d-1. SPMD-based air concentrations were calculated at the second site for each compound using these sampling rates and the differences between SPMD-derived air concentrations and those measured using a HiVol were, on average, within a factor of 1.5. The dominant processes for the uptake of PAHs by SPMDs were also assessed. Using the SPMD method described herein, estimates of particulate sorbed airborne PAHs with five rings or greater were within 1.8-fold of HiVol measured values. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.06.036","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Bartkow, M., Huckins, J., and Muller, J., 2004, Field-based evaluation of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as passive air samplers of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): Atmospheric Environment, v. 38, no. 35, p. 5983-5990, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.06.036.","startPage":"5983","endPage":"5990","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208339,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.06.036"},{"id":234019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fede4b0c8380cd53a7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartkow, M.E.","contributorId":47126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartkow","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muller, J.F.","contributorId":43144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026861,"text":"70026861 - 2004 - Multi-stage origin of the Coast Range ophiolite, California: Implications for the life cycle of supra-subduction zone ophiolites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-27T16:41:39.681989","indexId":"70026861","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-stage origin of the Coast Range ophiolite, California: Implications for the life cycle of supra-subduction zone ophiolites","docAbstract":"The Coast Range ophiolite of California is one of the most extensive ophiolite terranes in North America, extending over 700 km from the northernmost Sacramento Valley to the southern Transverse Ranges in central California. This ophiolite, and other ophiolite remnants with similar mid-Jurassic ages, represent a major but short-lived episode of oceanic crust formation that affected much of western North America. The history of this ophiolite is important for models of the tectonic evolution of western North America during the Mesozoic, and a range of conflicting interpretations have arisen. Current petrologic, geochemical, stratigraphic, and radiometric age data all favor the interpretation that the Coast Range ophiolite formed to a large extent by rapid extension in the forearc region of a nascent subduction zone. Closer inspection of these data, however, along with detailed studies of field relationships at several locales, show that formation of the ophiolite was more complex, and requires several stages of formation. Our work shows that exposures of the Coast Range ophiolite preserve evidence for four stages of magmatic development. The first three stages represent formation of the ophiolite above a nascent subduction zone. Rocks associated with the first stage include ophiolite layered gabbros, a sheeted complex, and volcanic rocks vith arc tholeiitic or (roore rarely) low-K calc-alkaline affinities. The second stage is characterized by intrusive wehrlite-clinopyroxenite complexes, intrusive gabbros, Cr-rich diorites, and volcanic rocks with high-Ca boninitic or tholeiitic ankaramite affinities. The third stage includes diorite and quartz diorite plutons, felsic dike and sill complexes, and calc-alkaline volcanic rocks. The first three stages of ophiolite formation were terminated by the intrusion of mid-ocean ridge basalt dikes, and the eruption of mid-ocean ridge basalt or ocean-island basalt volcanic suites. We interpret this final magmatic event (MORB dikes) to represent the collision of an active spreading ridge. Subsequent reorganization of relative plate motions led to sinistral transpression, along with renewed subduction and accretion of the Franciscan Complex. The latter event resulted in uplift and exhumation of the ophiolite by the process of accretionary uplift.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.46.4.289","usgsCitation":"Shervais, J., Kimbrough, D., Renne, P., Hanan, B., Murchey, B., Snow, C., Zoglman, S., and Beaman, J., 2004, Multi-stage origin of the Coast Range ophiolite, California: Implications for the life cycle of supra-subduction zone ophiolites: International Geology Review, v. 46, no. 4, p. 289-315, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.46.4.289.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"315","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento Valley, Transverse Ranges","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 36.40359962073253\n ],\n [\n -120.76171875,\n 34.867904962568716\n ],\n [\n -118.740234375,\n 35.17380831799959\n ],\n [\n -121.97021484374999,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -123.04687499999999,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 38.09998264736481\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fc9e4b0c8380cd71133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shervais, J.W.","contributorId":14867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shervais","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimbrough, D.L.","contributorId":25332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimbrough","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Renne, P.","contributorId":48744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renne","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanan, B.B.","contributorId":33475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanan","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murchey, B.","contributorId":11772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchey","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Snow, C.A.","contributorId":37130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snow","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zoglman, Schuman","contributorId":14174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoglman","given":"Schuman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Beaman, J.","contributorId":12666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70026595,"text":"70026595 - 2004 - Aquifer vulnerability to pesticide pollution: Combining soil, land-use and aquifer properties with molecular descriptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:51:49","indexId":"70026595","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquifer vulnerability to pesticide pollution: Combining soil, land-use and aquifer properties with molecular descriptors","docAbstract":"This study uses an extensive survey of herbicides in groundwater across the midwest United States to predict occurrences of a range of compounds across the region from a combination of their molecular properties and the properties of the catchment of a borehole. The study covers 100 boreholes and eight pesticides. For each of the boreholes its catchment the soil, land-use and aquifer properties were characterized. Discriminating boreholes where pollution occurred from those where no pollution occurred gave a model that was 74% correct with organic carbon content, percentage sand content and depth to the water table being significant properties of the borehole catchment. Molecular topological descriptors as well as Koc, solubility and half-life were used to characterize each compound included in the study. Inclusion of molecular properties makes it possible to discriminate between occurrence and non-occurrence of each compound in each well. The best-fit model combines: organic carbon content, percentage sand content and depth to the water table with molecular descriptors representing molecular size, molecular branching and functional group composition of the herbicides.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.01.013","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Worrall, F., and Kolpin, D., 2004, Aquifer vulnerability to pesticide pollution: Combining soil, land-use and aquifer properties with molecular descriptors: Journal of Hydrology, v. 293, no. 1-4, p. 191-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.01.013.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"204","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502536,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1576690","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208296,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.01.013"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Midwest region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.20751953125,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -102.06298828125,\n 40.96330795307351\n ],\n [\n -102.15087890624999,\n 36.914764288955936\n ],\n [\n -94.7021484375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -94.63623046875,\n 36.40359962073253\n ],\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 36.474306755095206\n ],\n [\n -90.1318359375,\n 36.33282808737917\n ],\n [\n -90.439453125,\n 35.99578538642032\n ],\n [\n -89.67041015625,\n 35.96022296929667\n ],\n [\n -89.3408203125,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -89.14306640625,\n 36.5978891330702\n ],\n [\n -89.07714843749999,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -88.9453125,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -88.39599609375,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -88.3740234375,\n 37.317751851636906\n ],\n [\n -87.8466796875,\n 37.52715361723378\n ],\n [\n -88.0224609375,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -87.451171875,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -87.01171875,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -86.77001953125,\n 37.80544394934274\n ],\n [\n -86.37451171875,\n 37.84015683604134\n ],\n [\n -86.33056640625,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n -85.869140625,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -85.78125,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -85.23193359375,\n 38.565347844885466\n ],\n [\n -85.2978515625,\n 38.66835610151509\n ],\n [\n -84.638671875,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -84.70458984375,\n 39.07890809706475\n ],\n [\n -84.26513671875,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -83.9794921875,\n 38.70265930723801\n ],\n [\n -83.29833984375,\n 38.66835610151509\n ],\n [\n -82.880859375,\n 38.59970036588819\n ],\n [\n -82.37548828125,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -82.15576171875,\n 38.53097889440026\n ],\n [\n -81.97998046875,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -81.7822265625,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -81.6064453125,\n 39.095962936305504\n ],\n [\n -81.54052734375,\n 39.317300373271024\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 39.62261494094297\n ],\n [\n -80.52978515625,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -80.48583984375,\n 40.896905775860006\n ],\n [\n -80.595703125,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -81.650390625,\n 41.75492216766298\n ],\n [\n -82.177734375,\n 41.492120839687786\n ],\n [\n -82.59521484375,\n 41.42625319507272\n ],\n [\n -83.1884765625,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -83.43017578125,\n 41.75492216766298\n ],\n [\n -83.1005859375,\n 42.147114459220994\n ],\n [\n -82.99072265625,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 42.439674178149424\n ],\n [\n -82.5732421875,\n 42.65012181368025\n ],\n [\n -82.41943359375,\n 42.98857645832184\n ],\n [\n -82.4853515625,\n 43.34116005412307\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 43.992814500489914\n ],\n [\n -82.90283203125,\n 44.10336537791152\n ],\n [\n -83.5400390625,\n 43.8186748554532\n ],\n [\n -83.69384765625,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -83.8916015625,\n 43.73935207915473\n ],\n [\n -83.73779296875,\n 43.94537239244209\n ],\n [\n -83.34228515625,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n -83.25439453125,\n 44.84029065139799\n ],\n [\n -83.34228515625,\n 45.19752230305685\n ],\n [\n -83.78173828125,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -84.55078125,\n 45.75219336063106\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 45.78284835197676\n ],\n [\n -85.18798828125,\n 45.47554027158593\n ],\n [\n -85.3857421875,\n 44.94924926661153\n ],\n [\n -85.60546875,\n 44.731125592643274\n ],\n [\n -85.517578125,\n 45.1510532655634\n ],\n [\n -86.06689453125,\n 44.824708282300236\n ],\n [\n -86.30859375,\n 44.49650533109348\n ],\n [\n -86.484375,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -86.55029296875,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -86.2646484375,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -86.5283203125,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -86.85791015625,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -87.38525390624999,\n 41.623655390686395\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 42.04929263868686\n ],\n [\n -87.78076171875,\n 42.407234661551875\n ],\n [\n -87.73681640625,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -87.8466796875,\n 43.08493742707592\n ],\n [\n -87.73681640625,\n 43.58039085560786\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 43.992814500489914\n ],\n [\n -87.51708984375,\n 44.19795903948531\n ],\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 44.55916341529184\n ],\n [\n -86.85791015625,\n 45.47554027158593\n ],\n [\n -88.0224609375,\n 44.55916341529184\n ],\n [\n -87.5830078125,\n 45.13555516012536\n ],\n [\n -87.07763671875,\n 45.75219336063106\n ],\n [\n -86.66015624999999,\n 45.75219336063106\n ],\n [\n -86.6162109375,\n 45.5679096098613\n ],\n [\n -86.220703125,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -85.75927734375,\n 45.920587344733654\n ],\n [\n -85.4736328125,\n 46.027481852486645\n ],\n [\n -85.14404296875,\n 46.07323062540838\n ],\n [\n -84.72656249999999,\n 45.81348649679971\n ],\n [\n -84.61669921875,\n 45.99696161820381\n ],\n [\n -83.583984375,\n 45.920587344733654\n ],\n [\n -83.4521484375,\n 46.057985244793024\n ],\n [\n -84.00146484374999,\n 46.11894150610708\n ],\n [\n -84.1552734375,\n 46.30140615437332\n ],\n [\n -84.17724609375,\n 46.51351558059737\n ],\n [\n -84.57275390625,\n 46.42271253466719\n ],\n [\n -84.72656249999999,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -85.01220703125,\n 46.78501604269254\n ],\n [\n -85.49560546875,\n 46.66451741754235\n ],\n [\n -86.17675781249999,\n 46.649436163350245\n ],\n [\n -86.66015624999999,\n 46.46813299215554\n ],\n [\n -87.38525390624999,\n 46.51351558059737\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 46.800059446787316\n ],\n [\n -88.06640625,\n 46.92025531537451\n ],\n [\n -88.3740234375,\n 46.84516443029279\n ],\n [\n -88.13232421875,\n 47.12995075666307\n ],\n [\n -87.78076171875,\n 47.35371061951363\n ],\n [\n -87.82470703125,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -88.26416015625,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -88.70361328125,\n 47.2195681123155\n ],\n [\n -89.07714843749999,\n 46.965259400349275\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 46.84516443029279\n ],\n [\n -90.19775390625,\n 46.694667307773116\n ],\n [\n -90.4833984375,\n 46.604167162931844\n ],\n [\n -90.791015625,\n 46.66451741754235\n ],\n [\n -90.94482421875,\n 46.604167162931844\n ],\n [\n -90.7470703125,\n 46.965259400349275\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 46.875213396722685\n ],\n [\n -91.77978515625,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -92.13134765625,\n 46.7549166192819\n ],\n [\n -91.34033203125,\n 47.17477833929903\n ],\n [\n -90.81298828125,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n -89.58251953125,\n 47.945786463687185\n ],\n [\n -89.93408203124999,\n 48.06339653776211\n ],\n [\n -90.7470703125,\n 48.122101028190805\n ],\n [\n -90.87890625,\n 48.28319289548349\n ],\n [\n -91.40625,\n 48.07807894349862\n ],\n [\n -91.73583984374999,\n 48.21003212234042\n ],\n [\n -92.10937499999999,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -92.39501953125,\n 48.29781249243716\n ],\n [\n -92.46093749999999,\n 48.44377831058805\n ],\n [\n -92.8125,\n 48.58932584966972\n ],\n [\n -93.251953125,\n 48.63290858589532\n ],\n [\n -93.55957031249999,\n 48.531157010976706\n ],\n [\n -93.93310546875,\n 48.63290858589532\n ],\n [\n -94.4384765625,\n 48.73445537176822\n ],\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 48.80686346108517\n ],\n [\n -94.81201171875,\n 49.35375571830993\n ],\n [\n -95.25146484374999,\n 49.410973199695846\n ],\n [\n -95.20751953125,\n 49.009050809382046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"293","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed23e4b0c8380cd49656","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Worrall, F.","contributorId":34687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worrall","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001723,"text":"1001723 - 2004 - Analysis of predator movement in prairie landscapes with contrasting grassland composition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-22T16:01:54.868965","indexId":"1001723","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of predator movement in prairie landscapes with contrasting grassland composition","docAbstract":"Mammalian predation influences waterfowl breeding success in the U.S. northern Great Plains, yet little is known about the influence of the landscape on the ability of predators to find waterfowl nests. We used radiotelemetry to record nightly movements of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in two 41.4-km2 study areas in North Dakota. Study areas contained either 15–20% grassland (low grassland composition) or 45–55% grassland (high grassland composition). Grasslands included planted cover, pastureland, and hayland. We predicted that the type and composition of cover types in the landscape would influence both predator movement across the landscape (as measured by the fractal dimension and displacement ratio) as well as localized movement (as measured by the rate of movement and turning angle between locations) within patches of different cover types. Red fox movements were straighter (lower fractal dimensions and higher displacements) across landscapes with a low grassland composition, indicating directed movement between the more isolated patches of planted cover. Striped skunk movements did not differ between landscape types, illustrating their movement along wetland edges, which had similar compositions in both landscape types. The high variability in turning angles by red fox in planted cover and pastureland in both landscape types is consistent with restricted-area foraging. The high rate of movement by red foxes in planted cover and by striped skunks in wetland edges suggests that spatial memory may influence movement patterns. Understanding the behavior of predators in fragmented prairie landscape is essential for managing breeding habitat for grassland birds and for predicting the spatial and temporal dynamics of predators and their prey.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0187:AOPMIP>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Phillips, M., Clark, W., Nusser, S., Sovada, M., and Greenwood, R.J., 2004, Analysis of predator movement in prairie landscapes with contrasting grassland composition: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 85, no. 2, p. 187-195, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0187:AOPMIP>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"195","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478260,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0187:aopmip>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":129389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-98.724375,45.938686],[-100.720865,45.944024],[-104.045443,45.94531],[-104.046822,46.000199],[-104.045333,47.343452],[-104.041662,47.862282],[-104.048054,48.500025],[-104.048736,48.999877],[-102.216993,48.998553],[-97.229039,49.000687],[-97.231397,48.997212],[-97.230833,48.991303],[-97.238387,48.982631],[-97.238882,48.966573],[-97.23146,48.962437],[-97.232147,48.948955],[-97.227854,48.945864],[-97.224505,48.9341],[-97.217549,48.929892],[-97.219095,48.922078],[-97.217992,48.919735],[-97.211161,48.916649],[-97.212706,48.908143],[-97.210541,48.90439],[-97.197982,48.898332],[-97.199981,48.891086],[-97.197857,48.886838],[-97.197982,48.880341],[-97.186238,48.87347],[-97.187113,48.866098],[-97.180116,48.861601],[-97.179071,48.856866],[-97.175618,48.853105],[-97.177243,48.846483],[-97.173811,48.838309],[-97.181116,48.832741],[-97.180991,48.828992],[-97.177747,48.824815],[-97.180028,48.81845],[-97.177045,48.814124],[-97.164874,48.808253],[-97.165921,48.803792],[-97.162959,48.79293],[-97.157093,48.790024],[-97.157804,48.784104],[-97.154116,48.781891],[-97.155223,48.775499],[-97.147478,48.766033],[-97.151043,48.755707],[-97.139488,48.746611],[-97.139611,48.738129],[-97.134847,48.733324],[-97.135588,48.726403],[-97.126398,48.721101],[-97.116185,48.709348],[-97.119027,48.703292],[-97.118286,48.700573],[-97.108655,48.691484],[-97.097584,48.686298],[-97.100674,48.679624],[-97.100009,48.667926],[-97.102652,48.664793],[-97.100551,48.658614],[-97.111921,48.642918],[-97.108466,48.632658],[-97.111559,48.630266],[-97.125269,48.629694],[-97.124774,48.621537],[-97.130089,48.621166],[-97.131448,48.613998],[-97.137504,48.612268],[-97.138246,48.604234],[-97.143684,48.597066],[-97.141585,48.59082],[-97.142915,48.583733],[-97.14974,48.579516],[-97.149616,48.569876],[-97.158638,48.564067],[-97.158267,48.558753],[-97.153942,48.556034],[-97.152459,48.552326],[-97.160863,48.549236],[-97.16309,48.543964],[-97.148874,48.534282],[-97.153076,48.524148],[-97.148133,48.503384],[-97.146279,48.499677],[-97.138864,48.494362],[-97.139276,48.48631],[-97.144981,48.481571],[-97.141397,48.476256],[-97.143745,48.473661],[-97.144116,48.469212],[-97.141768,48.464021],[-97.132746,48.459942],[-97.133611,48.45228],[-97.137689,48.447583],[-97.137689,48.444247],[-97.134229,48.439797],[-97.13497,48.436337],[-97.139296,48.432011],[-97.1356,48.424369],[-97.142849,48.419471],[-97.142457,48.416727],[-97.138343,48.415944],[-97.1356,48.411829],[-97.135012,48.406735],[-97.145592,48.394195],[-97.145201,48.388904],[-97.140106,48.380479],[-97.142066,48.374209],[-97.147356,48.368723],[-97.147748,48.359905],[-97.143861,48.354503],[-97.137822,48.352003],[-97.137904,48.344585],[-97.131145,48.339722],[-97.134772,48.328677],[-97.127766,48.326781],[-97.127601,48.323319],[-97.13125,48.319543],[-97.131921,48.312728],[-97.126176,48.309147],[-97.126176,48.303701],[-97.122296,48.301388],[-97.12252,48.299299],[-97.128638,48.297657],[-97.128862,48.292882],[-97.12216,48.290056],[-97.11657,48.279661],[-97.12408,48.27125],[-97.131846,48.267589],[-97.127146,48.262889],[-97.129384,48.258785],[-97.127967,48.251474],[-97.138033,48.246236],[-97.138618,48.242429],[-97.135763,48.237596],[-97.141254,48.234668],[-97.139311,48.230187],[-97.136304,48.228984],[-97.138154,48.223104],[-97.135617,48.220904],[-97.135177,48.217243],[-97.137407,48.215245],[-97.134372,48.210434],[-97.134738,48.207506],[-97.138765,48.20465],[-97.138007,48.197587],[-97.146233,48.186054],[-97.141474,48.179099],[-97.146745,48.168556],[-97.144242,48.16249],[-97.138911,48.157793],[-97.142133,48.144981],[-97.131956,48.139563],[-97.132176,48.135829],[-97.129453,48.133133],[-97.128279,48.127185],[-97.120702,48.114987],[-97.123205,48.106648],[-97.11147,48.105913],[-97.108428,48.099824],[-97.10395,48.096184],[-97.105616,48.091362],[-97.099798,48.085884],[-97.099431,48.082106],[-97.104697,48.073094],[-97.097772,48.07108],[-97.086986,48.058222],[-97.075641,48.052725],[-97.072257,48.048068],[-97.068711,48.027694],[-97.072239,48.019107],[-97.069284,48.016176],[-97.063289,48.014989],[-97.066762,48.009558],[-97.064289,47.998508],[-97.053089,47.990252],[-97.059153,47.97538],[-97.057153,47.97048],[-97.061854,47.96448],[-97.052454,47.957179],[-97.055554,47.949079],[-97.054554,47.946279],[-97.044954,47.941079],[-97.036054,47.939379],[-97.037354,47.933279],[-97.035754,47.930179],[-97.017754,47.919778],[-97.018054,47.918078],[-97.023754,47.915878],[-97.017254,47.913078],[-97.015054,47.907178],[-97.017254,47.905678],[-97.024955,47.908178],[-97.020155,47.900478],[-97.023955,47.898078],[-97.024955,47.894978],[-97.018955,47.891078],[-97.024955,47.886878],[-97.025355,47.884278],[-97.017955,47.878478],[-97.023156,47.874978],[-97.021256,47.872578],[-97.002456,47.868677],[-97.001556,47.867377],[-97.005857,47.865277],[-96.998144,47.858882],[-96.996364,47.844398],[-96.998295,47.841724],[-96.992963,47.837911],[-96.986685,47.837639],[-96.981725,47.830421],[-96.982272,47.826668],[-96.979327,47.824533],[-96.980391,47.815662],[-96.977946,47.811619],[-96.980947,47.808337],[-96.980579,47.805614],[-96.975131,47.798326],[-96.966068,47.797297],[-96.95786,47.792021],[-96.957283,47.790147],[-96.963521,47.78729],[-96.965316,47.783474],[-96.956501,47.779798],[-96.956635,47.776188],[-96.949585,47.775228],[-96.939179,47.768397],[-96.936909,47.764536],[-96.937859,47.760195],[-96.932684,47.756804],[-96.934463,47.752956],[-96.929051,47.750331],[-96.928505,47.748037],[-96.932809,47.737139],[-96.919131,47.724731],[-96.923544,47.718201],[-96.920391,47.716527],[-96.920119,47.710383],[-96.9155,47.707968],[-96.915242,47.703527],[-96.907604,47.695119],[-96.909909,47.689522],[-96.907236,47.688493],[-96.902971,47.691576],[-96.900264,47.690775],[-96.896724,47.674758],[-96.891922,47.673157],[-96.885573,47.663443],[-96.887607,47.658853],[-96.88697,47.653049],[-96.882882,47.650168],[-96.882857,47.641714],[-96.888573,47.63845],[-96.882393,47.633489],[-96.879496,47.620576],[-96.870871,47.618042],[-96.874078,47.614774],[-96.860255,47.612175],[-96.855421,47.60875],[-96.856903,47.602329],[-96.852826,47.597891],[-96.854743,47.594728],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-96.853273,47.579483],[-96.856373,47.575749],[-96.853689,47.570381],[-96.858769,47.56741],[-96.857236,47.564055],[-96.859153,47.559741],[-96.853755,47.552497],[-96.856429,47.546957],[-96.854423,47.545333],[-96.856716,47.540271],[-96.85471,47.535973],[-96.866363,47.525944],[-96.863245,47.517266],[-96.854204,47.514368],[-96.851749,47.510088],[-96.853317,47.501322],[-96.851653,47.497098],[-96.85853,47.490889],[-96.855856,47.48831],[-96.85853,47.482484],[-96.85471,47.478281],[-96.859868,47.470926],[-96.856811,47.46319],[-96.859963,47.457363],[-96.858148,47.454498],[-96.859537,47.445662],[-96.85748,47.441603],[-96.861014,47.428995],[-96.858721,47.426129],[-96.864261,47.419539],[-96.861231,47.41781],[-96.86207,47.415159],[-96.858094,47.410317],[-96.853325,47.408889],[-96.852739,47.405909],[-96.84511,47.400483],[-96.845492,47.394179],[-96.840717,47.391314],[-96.841099,47.38415],[-96.845588,47.381571],[-96.846925,47.376891],[-96.853754,47.373405],[-96.848907,47.370565],[-96.852226,47.367291],[-96.848119,47.358026],[-96.843439,47.354397],[-96.845158,47.34943],[-96.844012,47.346182],[-96.835845,47.335914],[-96.83852,47.33238],[-96.835177,47.32856],[-96.835845,47.321014],[-96.841194,47.317575],[-96.842531,47.312418],[-96.835735,47.310843],[-96.832884,47.30449],[-96.843922,47.29302],[-96.844088,47.289981],[-96.84022,47.276981],[-96.8432,47.270486],[-96.838997,47.267716],[-96.842627,47.263991],[-96.840717,47.261221],[-96.840525,47.253866],[-96.834699,47.248135],[-96.838233,47.242882],[-96.832693,47.236196],[-96.837564,47.231802],[-96.835654,47.227217],[-96.838806,47.22502],[-96.838329,47.222059],[-96.835941,47.221009],[-96.836514,47.216137],[-96.833553,47.212794],[-96.835463,47.208401],[-96.83212,47.204866],[-96.83766,47.201141],[-96.838806,47.197894],[-96.83126,47.191781],[-96.831451,47.185572],[-96.826676,47.181561],[-96.829637,47.17497],[-96.825147,47.172295],[-96.824479,47.167042],[-96.822091,47.165036],[-96.824861,47.159783],[-96.822706,47.156229],[-96.83126,47.1509],[-96.830114,47.146793],[-96.832407,47.143736],[-96.827631,47.136572],[-96.828777,47.13151],[-96.824476,47.127188],[-96.827344,47.120144],[-96.821189,47.115723],[-96.822694,47.109622],[-96.817984,47.106007],[-96.81999,47.100849],[-96.818366,47.093304],[-96.820563,47.08977],[-96.819034,47.087573],[-96.82065,47.083619],[-96.819479,47.078181],[-96.823715,47.071717],[-96.823491,47.065911],[-96.821327,47.06293],[-96.824479,47.059682],[-96.819321,47.0529],[-96.820849,47.041438],[-96.818557,47.035516],[-96.821613,47.031505],[-96.817984,47.026538],[-96.829499,47.021537],[-96.833038,47.016029],[-96.834221,47.006671],[-96.82318,46.999965],[-96.824598,46.993309],[-96.819894,46.977357],[-96.821852,46.969372],[-96.809814,46.9639],[-96.802749,46.965933],[-96.79931,46.964118],[-96.799358,46.947355],[-96.791558,46.944464],[-96.790058,46.937664],[-96.791048,46.929876],[-96.78312,46.925482],[-96.775157,46.930863],[-96.763257,46.935063],[-96.760292,46.93341],[-96.762011,46.929303],[-96.759528,46.925769],[-96.761343,46.922234],[-96.759241,46.918223],[-96.762871,46.916886],[-96.765657,46.905063],[-96.770458,46.906763],[-96.776558,46.895663],[-96.773558,46.884763],[-96.767358,46.883663],[-96.768458,46.879563],[-96.771258,46.877463],[-96.781358,46.879363],[-96.779302,46.872699],[-96.782881,46.862585],[-96.781067,46.859146],[-96.782022,46.853415],[-96.777915,46.850741],[-96.780207,46.845392],[-96.779347,46.842144],[-96.783359,46.840807],[-96.785365,46.834025],[-96.789377,46.833166],[-96.787657,46.827817],[-96.791559,46.827864],[-96.80016,46.819664],[-96.799336,46.815436],[-96.802013,46.812464],[-96.801446,46.810401],[-96.796488,46.808709],[-96.796992,46.791572],[-96.791478,46.785694],[-96.792433,46.778913],[-96.788803,46.777575],[-96.788612,46.771271],[-96.784314,46.767546],[-96.785556,46.764394],[-96.783646,46.762579],[-96.787466,46.756753],[-96.783646,46.753123],[-96.784601,46.743094],[-96.781216,46.740944],[-96.784279,46.732993],[-96.779252,46.727429],[-96.779899,46.722915],[-96.784751,46.720495],[-96.786184,46.71284],[-96.791204,46.703747],[-96.787801,46.700446],[-96.787801,46.691181],[-96.784339,46.685054],[-96.788159,46.681879],[-96.788947,46.678382],[-96.792958,46.677427],[-96.792576,46.672173],[-96.798357,46.665314],[-96.798823,46.658071],[-96.796767,46.653363],[-96.790663,46.649112],[-96.789405,46.641639],[-96.791096,46.633155],[-96.784815,46.629439],[-96.783932,46.621598],[-96.779061,46.620834],[-96.778488,46.616153],[-96.774094,46.613288],[-96.775622,46.609276],[-96.772088,46.606315],[-96.772446,46.600129],[-96.766596,46.597957],[-96.762584,46.593946],[-96.76182,46.588501],[-96.756662,46.585827],[-96.756949,46.583534],[-96.752746,46.58277],[-96.752746,46.577517],[-96.746442,46.574078],[-96.744436,46.56596],[-96.74883,46.558127],[-96.744532,46.551346],[-96.746347,46.546283],[-96.742812,46.543609],[-96.745009,46.541698],[-96.742335,46.538546],[-96.744341,46.533006],[-96.738475,46.525793],[-96.736147,46.513478],[-96.738562,46.509366],[-96.735888,46.50631],[-96.737702,46.50077],[-96.733612,46.497224],[-96.737989,46.487875],[-96.735505,46.484914],[-96.735123,46.478897],[-96.726914,46.476432],[-96.726718,46.474121],[-96.720891,46.471446],[-96.720414,46.468008],[-96.715557,46.463232],[-96.715593,46.453867],[-96.718551,46.451913],[-96.716438,46.444567],[-96.718074,46.438255],[-96.709095,46.435294],[-96.706994,46.430231],[-96.701645,46.428607],[-96.701358,46.420584],[-96.69792,46.42068],[-96.696583,46.415617],[-96.688941,46.413134],[-96.688082,46.40788],[-96.680687,46.407383],[-96.669132,46.390037],[-96.669794,46.384644],[-96.667189,46.375458],[-96.658436,46.373391],[-96.655206,46.365964],[-96.646532,46.36251],[-96.647296,46.358499],[-96.644335,46.351908],[-96.629211,46.352654],[-96.628522,46.349569],[-96.62079,46.347607],[-96.618147,46.344295],[-96.619991,46.340135],[-96.608075,46.332576],[-96.599761,46.330386],[-96.60104,46.319554],[-96.598233,46.312563],[-96.60136,46.30413],[-96.598679,46.29775],[-96.600302,46.294407],[-96.596077,46.290536],[-96.598774,46.281417],[-96.595014,46.275135],[-96.599729,46.262123],[-96.594571,46.258302],[-96.594189,46.251712],[-96.590082,46.248655],[-96.598119,46.243112],[-96.59755,46.227733],[-96.59567,46.21985],[-96.591652,46.218183],[-96.583582,46.201047],[-96.587694,46.195262],[-96.587599,46.178928],[-96.584495,46.177123],[-96.582823,46.170905],[-96.57862,46.168135],[-96.579453,46.147601],[-96.56926,46.133686],[-96.571439,46.12572],[-96.563043,46.119512],[-96.562811,46.11625],[-96.56692,46.11475],[-96.557952,46.102442],[-96.556345,46.08688],[-96.554507,46.083978],[-96.558088,46.072096],[-96.556907,46.06483],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.566295,46.051416],[-96.57794,46.026874],[-96.574264,46.016545],[-96.575869,46.007999],[-96.573605,46.002309],[-96.57035,45.963595],[-96.561334,45.945655],[-96.56328,45.935238],[-97.784575,45.935327],[-98.724375,45.938686]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"North Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"85","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6801fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, M.L.","contributorId":68249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, W.R.","contributorId":70716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nusser, S.M.","contributorId":49302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nusser","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sovada, M.A.","contributorId":54534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovada","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Greenwood, R. J.","contributorId":74326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026575,"text":"70026575 - 2004 - Changes in plant functional groups, litter quality, and soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization with sheep grazing in an Inner Mongolian Grassland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-24T16:07:24.569485","indexId":"70026575","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2441,"text":"Journal of Range Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in plant functional groups, litter quality, and soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization with sheep grazing in an Inner Mongolian Grassland","docAbstract":"This study reports on changes in plant functional group composition, litter quality, and soil C and N mineralization dynamics from a 9-year sheep grazing study in Inner Mongolia. Addressed are these questions: 1) How does increasing grazing intensity affect plant community composition? 2) How does increasing grazing intensity alter soil C and N mineralization dynamics? 3) Do changes in soil C and N mineralization dynamics relate to changes in plant community composition via inputs of the quality or quantity of litter? Grazing plots were set up near the Inner Mongolia Grassland Ecosystem Research Station (IMGERS) with 5 grazing intensities: 1.3, 2.7, 4.0, 5.3, and 6.7 sheep ha−1·yr−1. Plant cover was lower with increasing grazing intensity, which was primarily due to a dramatic decline in grasses, Carex duriuscula, and Artemisia frigida. Changes in litter mass and percentage organic C resulted in lower total C in the litter layer at 4.0 and 5.3 sheep ha−1·yr−1 compared with 2.7 sheep ha−1·yr−1. Total litter N was lower at 5.3 sheep ha−1·yr−1 compared with 2.7 sheep ha−1·yr−1. Litter C:N ratios, an index of litter quality, were significantly lower at 4.0 sheep ha−1·yr−1 relative to 1.3 and 5.3 sheep ha−1·yr−1. Cumulative C mineralized after 16 days decreased with increasing grazing intensity. In contrast, net N mineralization (NH 4 NO−3) after a 12-day incubation increased with increasing grazing intensity. Changes in C and N mineralization resulted in a narrowing of CO2-C:net Nmin ratios with increasing grazing intensity. Grazing explained 31% of the variability in the ratio of CO2-C:net Nmin. The ratio of CO2-C:net Nmin was positively correlated with litter mass. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between litter mass and A. frigida cover. Results suggest that as grazing intensity increases, microbes become more C limited resulting in decreased microbial growth and demand for N.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0613:CIPFGL]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Barger, N., Ojima, D., Belnap, J., Shiping, W., Yanfen, W., and Chen, Z., 2004, Changes in plant functional groups, litter quality, and soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization with sheep grazing in an Inner Mongolian Grassland: Journal of Range Management, v. 57, no. 6, p. 613-619, https://doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0613:CIPFGL]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"619","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mongolia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 87.71484375,\n 49.83798245308484\n ],\n [\n 86.8359375,\n 48.22467264956519\n ],\n [\n 89.6484375,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n 90.3515625,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n 93.8671875,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n 97.3828125,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n 107.75390625,\n 41.244772343082076\n ],\n [\n 114.43359375,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n 120.58593749999999,\n 46.92025531537451\n ],\n [\n 117.59765625,\n 48.574789910928864\n ],\n [\n 116.3671875,\n 50.28933925329178\n ],\n [\n 112.32421875,\n 49.61070993807422\n ],\n [\n 108.28125,\n 50.17689812200107\n ],\n [\n 104.23828125,\n 50.401515322782366\n ],\n [\n 100.37109375,\n 52.5897007687178\n ],\n [\n 97.03125,\n 50.51342652633956\n ],\n [\n 90.3515625,\n 50.401515322782366\n ],\n [\n 87.71484375,\n 49.83798245308484\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f420e4b0c8380cd4bb62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barger, N.N.","contributorId":81670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barger","given":"N.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ojima, D.S.","contributorId":49549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ojima","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shiping, W.","contributorId":42396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiping","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yanfen, W.","contributorId":41628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanfen","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chen, Z.","contributorId":26117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1003728,"text":"1003728 - 2004 - Protection of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) against plague after voluntary consumption of baits containing recombinant raccoon poxvirus vaccine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-17T13:40:37","indexId":"1003728","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1987,"text":"Infection and Immunity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Protection of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) against plague after voluntary consumption of baits containing recombinant raccoon poxvirus vaccine","docAbstract":"Prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) are highly susceptible to Yersinia pestis and significant reservoirs of plague for humans in the western United States. A recombinant raccoon poxvirus, expressing the F1 antigen of Y. pestis, was incorporated into a palatable bait and offered to 18 black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) for voluntary consumption; 18 negative control animals received placebo baits. Antibody titers against Y. pestis F1 antigen increased significantly (P < 0.01) in vaccinees, and their survival was significantly higher upon challenge with Y. pestis than that of negative controls (P < 0.01).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/IAI.72.9.5502-5505.2004","usgsCitation":"Mencher, J., Smith, S., Powell, T., Stinchcomb, D., Osorio, J., and Rocke, T., 2004, Protection of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) against plague after voluntary consumption of baits containing recombinant raccoon poxvirus vaccine: Infection and Immunity, v. 72, no. 9, p. 5502-5505, https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72.9.5502-5505.2004.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"5502","endPage":"5505","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478277,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/517477","text":"External Repository"},{"id":131308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656bf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mencher, J.S.","contributorId":104859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mencher","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, S.R.","contributorId":12809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, T.D.","contributorId":55781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stinchcomb, D.T.","contributorId":31336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stinchcomb","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Osorio, J.E.","contributorId":67052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osorio","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":88680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70026527,"text":"70026527 - 2004 - Use of qualitative and quantitative information in neural networks for assessing agricultural chemical contamination of domestic wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T07:35:41","indexId":"70026527","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of qualitative and quantitative information in neural networks for assessing agricultural chemical contamination of domestic wells","docAbstract":"A neural network analysis of agrichemical occurrence in groundwater was conducted using data from a pilot study of 192 small-diameter drilled and driven wells and 115 dug and bored wells in Illinois, a regional reconnaissance network of 303 wells across 12 Midwestern states, and a study of 687 domestic wells across Iowa. Potential factors contributing to well contamination (e.g., depth to aquifer material, well depth, and distance to cropland) were investigated. These contributing factors were available in either numeric (actual or categorical) or descriptive (yes or no) format. A method was devised to use the numeric and descriptive values simultaneously. Training of the network was conducted using a standard backpropagation algorithm. Approximately 15% of the data was used for testing. Analysis indicated that training error was quite low for most data. Testing results indicated that it was possible to predict the contamination potential of a well with pesticides. However, predicting the actual level of contamination was more difficult. For pesticide occurrence in drilled and driven wells, the network predictions were good. The performance of the network was poorer for predicting nitrate occurrence in dug and bored wells. Although the data set for Iowa was large, the prediction ability of the trained network was poor, due to descriptive or categorical input parameters, compared with smaller data sets such as that for Illinois, which contained more numeric information.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2004)9:6(502)","issn":"10840699","usgsCitation":"Mishra, A., Ray, C., and Kolpin, D., 2004, Use of qualitative and quantitative information in neural networks for assessing agricultural chemical contamination of domestic wells: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 9, no. 6, p. 502-511, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2004)9:6(502).","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"502","endPage":"511","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208312,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2004)9:6(502)"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -123.31054687499999,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -125.24414062499999,\n 48.574789910928864\n ],\n [\n -124.1015625,\n 46.437856895024225\n ],\n [\n -124.98046874999999,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -121.55273437499999,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -120.84960937499999,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -118.38867187500001,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -116.98242187499999,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -114.873046875,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -111.181640625,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -107.57812499999999,\n 31.203404950917395\n ],\n [\n -108.017578125,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n -106.5234375,\n 31.728167146023935\n ],\n [\n -104.67773437499999,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -104.58984375,\n 29.22889003019423\n ],\n [\n -102.83203125,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -102.3046875,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -101.337890625,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -99.404296875,\n 27.21555620902969\n ],\n [\n -98.701171875,\n 26.194876675795218\n ],\n [\n -96.94335937499999,\n 25.720735134412106\n ],\n [\n -97.3828125,\n 27.059125784374068\n ],\n [\n -96.416015625,\n 27.994401411046173\n ],\n [\n -94.5703125,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -89.033203125,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -86.66015624999999,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -85.60546875,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -84.19921875,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 27.059125784374068\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 25.3241665257384\n ],\n [\n -80.244140625,\n 25.005972656239187\n ],\n [\n -79.98046875,\n 26.82407078047018\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -81.38671875,\n 31.05293398570514\n ],\n [\n -80.595703125,\n 32.32427558887655\n ],\n [\n -78.3984375,\n 33.43144133557529\n ],\n [\n -75.849609375,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -75.9375,\n 36.8092847020594\n ],\n [\n -74.70703125,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -73.47656249999999,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n -73.037109375,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -69.697265625,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -70.6640625,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -69.78515625,\n 43.58039085560786\n ],\n [\n -66.796875,\n 44.84029065139799\n ],\n [\n -67.5,\n 45.767522962149904\n ],\n [\n -67.939453125,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n -69.08203125,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n -70.224609375,\n 46.01222384063238\n ],\n [\n -71.279296875,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 43.51668853502909\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -83.232421875,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 45.460130637921004\n ],\n [\n -84.287109375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -85.78125,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -86.66015624999999,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -86.66015624999999,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -86.220703125,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -87.451171875,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -87.1875,\n 44.715513732021336\n ],\n [\n -86.748046875,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -85.341796875,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -84.990234375,\n 46.800059446787316\n ],\n [\n -86.923828125,\n 46.49839225859763\n ],\n [\n -88.154296875,\n 46.800059446787316\n ],\n [\n -87.802734375,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 47.040182144806664\n ],\n [\n -90.3515625,\n 46.619261036171515\n ],\n [\n -90.791015625,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -92.28515625,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -89.56054687499999,\n 48.16608541901253\n ],\n [\n -91.49414062499999,\n 48.28319289548349\n ],\n [\n -93.69140625,\n 48.748945343432936\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 48.864714761802794\n ],\n [\n -94.921875,\n 49.439556958940855\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 49.095452162534826\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf5ee4b08c986b329b06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mishra, A.","contributorId":53129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mishra","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ray, C.","contributorId":40758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026443,"text":"70026443 - 2004 - Two-threshold model for scaling laws of noninteracting snow avalanches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026443","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3064,"text":"Physical Review Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two-threshold model for scaling laws of noninteracting snow avalanches","docAbstract":"A two-threshold model was proposed for scaling laws of noninteracting snow avalanches. It was found that the sizes of the largest avalanches just preceding the lattice system were power-law distributed. The proposed model reproduced the range of power-law exponents observe for land, rock or snow avalanches, by tuning the maximum value of the ratio of the two failure thresholds. A two-threshold 2D cellular automation was introduced to study the scaling for gravity-driven systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physical Review Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.208001","issn":"00319007","usgsCitation":"Faillettaz, J., Louchet, F., and Grasso, J., 2004, Two-threshold model for scaling laws of noninteracting snow avalanches: Physical Review Letters, v. 93, no. 20, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.208001.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478208,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0410134","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208554,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.208001"},{"id":234371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9a4e4b08c986b327cf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faillettaz, J.","contributorId":58817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faillettaz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Louchet, F.","contributorId":46737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Louchet","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grasso, J.-R.","contributorId":63999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grasso","given":"J.-R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026463,"text":"70026463 - 2004 - Dynamic modelling of an adsorption storage tank using a hybrid approach combining computational fluid dynamics and process simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026463","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1312,"text":"Computers and Chemical Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic modelling of an adsorption storage tank using a hybrid approach combining computational fluid dynamics and process simulation","docAbstract":"A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package has been coupled with the dynamic process simulator of an adsorption storage tank for methane fuelled vehicles. The two solvers run as independent processes and handle non-overlapping portions of the computational domain. The codes exchange data on the boundary interface of the two domains to ensure continuity of the solution and of its gradient. A software interface was developed to dynamically suspend and activate each process as necessary, and be responsible for data exchange and process synchronization. This hybrid computational tool has been successfully employed to accurately simulate the discharge of a new tank design and evaluate its performance. The case study presented here shows that CFD and process simulation are highly complementary computational tools, and that there are clear benefits to be gained from a close integration of the two. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Chemical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.compchemeng.2004.06.004","issn":"00981354","usgsCitation":"Mota, J., Esteves, I., and Rostam-Abadi, M., 2004, Dynamic modelling of an adsorption storage tank using a hybrid approach combining computational fluid dynamics and process simulation: Computers and Chemical Engineering, v. 28, no. 11, p. 2421-2431, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2004.06.004.","startPage":"2421","endPage":"2431","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208399,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2004.06.004"},{"id":234127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0427e4b0c8380cd50806","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mota, J.P.B.","contributorId":18937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mota","given":"J.P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esteves, I.A.A.C.","contributorId":75728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esteves","given":"I.A.A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rostam-Abadi, M.","contributorId":37061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostam-Abadi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026619,"text":"70026619 - 2004 - National Wildlife Refuge System: Ecological context and integrity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T14:13:15","indexId":"70026619","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2830,"text":"Natural Resources Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National Wildlife Refuge System: Ecological context and integrity","docAbstract":"The Refuge Improvement Act of 1997 established a statutory mission and management standards for the National Wildlife Refuge system. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service subsequently issued a policy for ensuring the biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the system. This policy requires understanding the management objectives of each refuge in a local, regional, and national context. An assessment of the refuge system in a national and regional context reveals that refuges are typically smaller than many conservation holdings and are unevenly distributed across the conterminous U.S. Western rangelands, coastal wetlands, and northern grasslands; wetlands are the best-represented ecosystems, while temperate forests have the poorest representation. In contrast to other agency holdings or management designations in the national protected areas network (e.g., national parks, national forests, wilderness areas), refuges tend to occupy sites at lower elevations and that have higher productivity and soil quality. This difference points to the important contribution of the refuges in providing much needed ecological balance within the national protected areas network. However, the ecological integrity of the refuge system is challenged by the proximity of individual refuges to development. Overall, the refuges are becoming islands in a landscape matrix of urban and agricultural development. This creates future challenges for meeting management objectives to ensure the biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the system. If the policy to ensure biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the refuge system is to be successful, it may be more important to address issues about what happens on adjacent lands than uses within refuges.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of New Mexico School of Law","issn":"00280739","usgsCitation":"Scott, J.M., Loveland, T., Gergely, K., Strittholt, J., and Staus, N., 2004, National Wildlife Refuge System: Ecological context and integrity: Natural Resources Journal, v. 44, no. 4, p. 1041-1066.","startPage":"1041","endPage":"1066","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234276,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307637,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://lawschool.unm.edu/nrj/volumes/44/v44_no4.php"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6256e4b0c8380cd71e61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, J. M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, T. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":72986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gergely, K.","contributorId":71737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gergely","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strittholt, J.","contributorId":89701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strittholt","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Staus, N.","contributorId":70970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staus","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026596,"text":"70026596 - 2004 - Estimating site occupancy and species detection probability parameters for terrestrial salamanders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-12T12:05:45.647449","indexId":"70026596","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating site occupancy and species detection probability parameters for terrestrial salamanders","docAbstract":"Recent, worldwide amphibian declines have highlighted a need for more extensive and rigorous monitoring programs to document species occurrence and detect population change. Abundance estimation methods, such as mark-recapture, are often expensive and impractical for large-scale or long-term amphibian monitoring. We apply a new method to estimate proportion of area occupied using detection/nondetection data from a terrestrial salamander system in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Estimated species-specific detection probabilities were all <1 and varied among seven species and four sampling methods. Time (i.e., sampling occasion) and four large-scale habitat characteristics (previous disturbance history, vegetation type, elevation, and stream presence) were important covariates in estimates of both proportion of area occupied and detection probability. All sampling methods were consistent in their ability to identify important covariates for each salamander species. We believe proportion of area occupied represents a useful state variable for large-scale monitoring programs. However, our results emphasize the importance of estimating detection and occupancy probabilities rather than using an unadjusted proportion of sites where species are observed where actual occupancy probabilities are confounded with detection probabilities. Estimated detection probabilities accommodate variations in sampling effort; thus comparisons of occupancy probabilities are possible among studies with different sampling protocols.","language":"English","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Bailey, L., Simons, T., and Pollock, K.H., 2004, Estimating site occupancy and species detection probability parameters for terrestrial salamanders: Ecological Applications, v. 14, no. 3, p. 692-702.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"692","endPage":"702","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Great Smoky Mountains National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.990478515625,\n 35.209721645221386\n ],\n [\n -82.913818359375,\n 35.209721645221386\n ],\n [\n -82.913818359375,\n 35.755428369259626\n ],\n [\n -83.990478515625,\n 35.755428369259626\n ],\n [\n -83.990478515625,\n 35.209721645221386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b43e4b0c8380cd5264e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, L.L. 0000-0002-5959-2018","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-2018","contributorId":61006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"L.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simons, T.R.","contributorId":56334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026528,"text":"70026528 - 2004 - Carbon dioxide and methane sorption in high volatile bituminous coals from Indiana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026528","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon dioxide and methane sorption in high volatile bituminous coals from Indiana, USA","docAbstract":"Samples of coals from several coalbeds in Indiana were analyzed for CO2 and CH4 sorption capacity using a high-pressure adsorption isotherm technique. Coal quality and petrographic composition of the coals were determined to study their relationships to the volume of CO2 and CH4 that could be sorbed into the coal. At the temperature of 17 ??C and 400 psi (??? 2.8 MPa), the coals can sorb (on dry ash-free basis) from 4 to 6.3 m3/ton (128-202 scf/ton) of CH4 and 19.5-24.6 m3/ton4 (624 to 788 scf/ton) of CO2. The ratio of CO2/CH4 at these conditions ranges from 3.5 to 5.3 and decreases with an increasing pressure for all coals. The coals studied are of a very similar coal rank (Ro from 0.48 to 0.62%) but of varying petrographic composition, and CO2 sorption volumes appear to be positively correlated to the content of maceral telocollinite. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2004.04.001","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Mastalerz, M., Gluskoter, H.J., and Rupp, J., 2004, Carbon dioxide and methane sorption in high volatile bituminous coals from Indiana, USA: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 60, no. 1, p. 43-55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2004.04.001.","startPage":"43","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208313,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2004.04.001"},{"id":233980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f35ee4b0c8380cd4b75d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gluskoter, Harold J. halg@usgs.gov","contributorId":21319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gluskoter","given":"Harold","email":"halg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":259,"text":"Energy Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rupp, J.","contributorId":78128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupp","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026389,"text":"70026389 - 2004 - Energy density and variability in abundance of pigeon guillemot prey: Support for the quality-variability trade-off hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:30:14","indexId":"70026389","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energy density and variability in abundance of pigeon guillemot prey: Support for the quality-variability trade-off hypothesis","docAbstract":"1. The quality-variability trade-off hypothesis predicts that (i) energy density (kJ g-1) and spatial-temporal variability in abundance are positively correlated in nearshore marine fishes; and (ii) prey selection by a nearshore piscivore, the pigeon guillemot (Cepphus columba Pallas), is negatively affected by variability in abundance. 2. We tested these predictions with data from a 4-year study that measured fish abundance with beach seines and pigeon guillemot prey utilization with visual identification of chick meals. 3. The first prediction was supported. Pearson's correlation showed that fishes with higher energy density were more variable on seasonal (r = 0.71) and annual (r = 0.66) time scales. Higher energy density fishes were also more abundant overall (r = 0.85) and more patchy at a scale of 10s of km (r = 0.77). 4. Prey utilization by pigeon guillemots was strongly non-random. Relative preference, defined as the difference between log-ratio transformed proportions of individual prey taxa in chick diets and beach seine catches, was significantly different from zero for seven of the eight main prey categories. 5. The second prediction was also supported. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to summarize variability in correlated prey characteristics (energy density, availability and variability in abundance). Two PCA scores explained 32% of observed variability in pigeon guillemot prey utilization. Seasonal variability in abundance was negatively weighted by these PCA scores, providing evidence of risk-averse selection. Prey availability, energy density and km-scale variability in abundance were positively weighted. 6. Trophic interactions are known to create variability in resource distribution in other systems. We propose that links between resource quality and the strength of trophic interactions may produce resource quality-variability trade-offs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Animal Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00890.x","issn":"00218790","usgsCitation":"Litzow, M.A., Piatt, J.F., Abookire, A.A., and Robards, M.D., 2004, Energy density and variability in abundance of pigeon guillemot prey: Support for the quality-variability trade-off hypothesis: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 73, no. 6, p. 1149-1156, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00890.x.","startPage":"1149","endPage":"1156","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478227,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00890.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208351,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00890.x"}],"volume":"73","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0948e4b0c8380cd51e5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Litzow, Michael A.","contributorId":8789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litzow","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abookire, Alisa A.","contributorId":107224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abookire","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robards, Martin D.","contributorId":40148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robards","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026442,"text":"70026442 - 2004 - Overwintered Bullfrog tadpoles negatively affect Salamanders and Anurans in native amphibian communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-12T15:46:53.173772","indexId":"70026442","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overwintered Bullfrog tadpoles negatively affect Salamanders and Anurans in native amphibian communities","docAbstract":"We examined the interactive effects of overwintered Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles and pond hydroperiod on a community of larval amphibians in outdoor mesocosms including American Toads (Bufo americanus), Southern Leopard Frogs (Rana sphenocephala), and Spotted Salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) - species within the native range of Bullfrogs. Spotted Salamanders and Southern Leopard Frogs were negatively influenced by the presence of overwintered Bullfrogs. Spotted Salamanders had shorter larval periods and slightly smaller masses at metamorphosis, and Southern Leopard Frogs had smaller masses at metamorphosis when reared with Bullfrogs than without. Presence of overwintered Bullfrogs, however, did not significantly affect American Toads. Longer pond hydroperiods resulted in greater survival, greater size at metamorphosis, longer larval periods, and later time until emergence of the first metamorphs for Southern Leopard Frog tadpoles and Spotted Salamander larvae. Our study demonstrated that overwintered Bullfrog tadpoles can respond to changing pond hydroperiods and can negatively impact metamorphosis of native amphibians.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.1643/CE-03-229R1","usgsCitation":"Boone, M., Little, E.E., and Semlitsch, R.D., 2004, Overwintered Bullfrog tadpoles negatively affect Salamanders and Anurans in native amphibian communities: Copeia, no. 3, p. 683-690, https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-03-229R1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"683","endPage":"690","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"Boone County","city":"Columbia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.449951171875,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -92.10937499999999,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -92.10937499999999,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -92.449951171875,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -92.449951171875,\n 38.8225909761771\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7255e4b0c8380cd76a2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boone, M.D.","contributorId":31157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boone","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Little, E. E.","contributorId":13187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Semlitsch, R. D.","contributorId":22522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semlitsch","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026461,"text":"70026461 - 2004 - Petroleum reserves and undiscovered resources in the total petroleum systems of Iraq: Reserve growth and production implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-01T16:16:55.013639","indexId":"70026461","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1744,"text":"GeoArabia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petroleum reserves and undiscovered resources in the total petroleum systems of Iraq: Reserve growth and production implications","docAbstract":"Iraq is one of the world's most petroleum-rich countries and, in the future, it could become one of the main producers. Iraq's petroleum resources are estimated to be 184 billion barrels, which include oil and natural gas reserves, and undiscovered resources. With its proved (or remaining) reserves of 113 billion barrels of oil (BBO) as of January 2003, Iraq ranks second to Saudi Arabia with 259 BBO in the Middle East. Iraq's proved reserves of 110 trillion cubic feet of gas (TCFG) rank tenth in the world. In addition to known reserves, the combined undiscovered hydrocarbon potential for the three Total Petroleum Systems (Paleozoic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous/Tertiary) in Iraq is estimated to range from 14 to 84 BBO (45 BBO at the mean), and 37 to 227 TCFG (120 TCFG at the mean). Additionally, of the 526 known prospective structures, some 370 remain undrilled. Petroleum migration models and associated geological and geochemical studies were used to constrain the undiscovered resource estimates of Iraq. Based on a criterion of recoverable reserves of between 1 and 5 BBO for a giant field, and more than 5 BBO for a super-giant, Iraq has 6 super-giant and 11 giant fields, accounting for 88% of its recoverable reserves, which include proved reserves and cumulative production. Of the 28 producing fields, 22 have recovery factors that range from 15 to 42% with an overall average of less than 30%. The recovery factor can be increased with water injection, improved and enhanced oil recovery methods (IOR and EOR) in various reservoirs, thus potentially increasing Iraq's reserves by an additional 50 to 70 BBO. Reserve growth is a significant factor that has been observed, to some extent, in nearly all Iraqi oil fields. Historically, producing fields have shown an average growth of 1.6 fold (or 60%) in their recoverable reserves over a 20-year period (1981-2001). With periodic assessments of reservoirs, application of available technology, and an upgrading of facilities, increases in reserves are expected in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2113/geoarabia090351","usgsCitation":"Verma, M., Ahlbrandt, T., and Al-Gailani, M., 2004, Petroleum reserves and undiscovered resources in the total petroleum systems of Iraq: Reserve growth and production implications: GeoArabia, v. 9, no. 3, p. 51-74, https://doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia090351.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"74","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478057,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia090351","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iraq","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 43.41796875,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n 43.9453125,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n 44.05517578124999,\n 37.47485808497102\n ],\n [\n 44.29687499999999,\n 37.24782120155428\n ],\n [\n 44.4287109375,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n 44.6923828125,\n 37.24782120155428\n ],\n [\n 45,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n 45.02197265624999,\n 36.82687474287728\n ],\n [\n 45.26367187499999,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n 45.52734375,\n 36.20882309283712\n ],\n [\n 45.81298828124999,\n 35.99578538642032\n ],\n [\n 46.0986328125,\n 35.90684930677121\n ],\n [\n 46.494140625,\n 35.79999392988527\n ],\n [\n 46.12060546875,\n 35.62158189955968\n ],\n [\n 46.16455078125,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n 46.1865234375,\n 35.08395557927643\n ],\n [\n 45.9228515625,\n 34.939985151560435\n ],\n [\n 45.81298828124999,\n 34.66935854524545\n ],\n [\n 45.703125,\n 34.488447837809304\n ],\n [\n 45.615234375,\n 34.08906131584996\n ],\n [\n 45.9228515625,\n 33.76088200086917\n ],\n [\n 46.318359375,\n 33.35806161277885\n ],\n [\n 46.34033203125,\n 33.119150226768866\n ],\n [\n 47.0654296875,\n 32.713355353177555\n ],\n [\n 47.52685546875,\n 32.45415593941475\n ],\n [\n 47.92236328125,\n 31.840232667909365\n ],\n [\n 47.79052734375,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n 48.0322265625,\n 31.071755902820108\n ],\n [\n 48.14208984375,\n 30.770159115784214\n ],\n [\n 48.47167968749999,\n 30.278044377800153\n ],\n [\n 48.5595703125,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n 48.427734375,\n 29.84064389983444\n ],\n [\n 47.87841796875,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n 47.48291015625,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n 47.2412109375,\n 29.973970240516614\n ],\n [\n 47.109375,\n 29.649868677972304\n ],\n [\n 46.9775390625,\n 29.420460341013133\n ],\n [\n 46.6259765625,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n 44.6923828125,\n 29.171348850951507\n ],\n [\n 42.86865234375,\n 30.4297295750316\n ],\n [\n 42.86865234375,\n 30.78903675126116\n ],\n [\n 39.92431640625,\n 32.06395559466043\n ],\n [\n 39.04541015625,\n 32.26855544621479\n ],\n [\n 38.8037109375,\n 32.39851580247402\n ],\n [\n 38.82568359375,\n 33.00866349457558\n ],\n [\n 38.73779296874999,\n 33.486435450999885\n ],\n [\n 40.53955078125,\n 34.415973384481866\n ],\n [\n 40.95703125,\n 34.43409789359469\n ],\n [\n 41.1767578125,\n 34.79576153473033\n ],\n [\n 41.11083984375,\n 35.496456056584165\n ],\n [\n 41.220703125,\n 35.782170703266075\n ],\n [\n 41.220703125,\n 36.38591277287654\n ],\n [\n 41.28662109375,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n 41.85791015625,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n 42.36328124999999,\n 37.21283151445594\n ],\n [\n 42.56103515625,\n 37.33522435930639\n ],\n [\n 42.69287109375,\n 37.47485808497102\n ],\n [\n 42.978515625,\n 37.43997405227057\n ],\n [\n 43.41796875,\n 37.3002752813443\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a77fee4b0c8380cd785ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verma, M.K.","contributorId":90375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verma","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ahlbrandt, Thomas S.","contributorId":58279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlbrandt","given":"Thomas S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Al-Gailani, M.","contributorId":35919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Gailani","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175709,"text":"70175709 - 2004 - The Evolving Landscape of the Columbia River Gorge: Lewis and Clark and Cataclysms on the Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-18T12:30:57","indexId":"70175709","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2957,"text":"Oregon Historical Society Quarterly","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Evolving Landscape of the Columbia River Gorge: Lewis and Clark and Cataclysms on the Columbia","docAbstract":"Travelers reacting Lewis and Clark's journey to the Pacific over the past two hundred years have witnessed tremendous change to the Columbia River Gorge and its primary feature, the Columbia River. Dams, reservoirs, timer harvest, altered fisheries, transportation infrastructure, and growth and shrinkage of communities have transformed the river and valley. This radically different geography of human use and habitation is commonly contrasted with the sometimes romantic view of a prior time provided both by early nineteenth-century chronicle and present day critics of the modern condition - an ectopia of plentiful and perpetual resources sustaining a stable culture from time immemorial. Reality is more complicated. Certainly the human-caused changes to the Columbia River and the gorge since Lewis and Clark have been profound; by the geologic history of immense floods, landslides, and volcanic eruptions that occurred before the journey had equally, if not more, acute effects on landscapes and societies of the gorge. In many ways, the Lewis and Clark Expidition can be viewed as a hinge point for the Columbia River, the changes engineered to the river and its valley in the two hundred years since their visit mirrored by tremendous cchanges geologically engendered in the thousands of years before.
","issn":"00304727","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, J.E., 2004, The Evolving Landscape of the Columbia River Gorge: Lewis and Clark and Cataclysms on the Columbia: Oregon Historical Society Quarterly, v. 105, no. 3, p. 390-321.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"390","endPage":"321","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","volume":"105","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc6fe4b03fd6b7d94c95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, James E. oconnor@usgs.gov","contributorId":75443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"James","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027767,"text":"70027767 - 2004 - Early environment and recruitment of black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) into the breeding population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T08:37:42","indexId":"70027767","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early environment and recruitment of black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) into the breeding population","docAbstract":"In geese, growth regulates survival in the first year. We examined whether early growth, which is primarily governed by environmental conditions, also affects the probability that individuals that survive their first year enter the breeding population. We used logistic regression on a sample of Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) that were weighed at a known age in their first summer and observed during winter (indicating that they had survived the principal mortality period in their first year) to study whether early growth influenced the probability that those individuals would be recruited into the breeding population. We also examined the effects of cohort (1986-1996), sex, age when measured, and area where individuals were reared. The model with the lowest Akaike's Information Criterion score contained body mass, age (days) at measurement, cohort, sex, and brood-rearing area. Models that included variable mass had 85% of the cumulative model weight of the models we considered, indicating that gosling mass had a substantial effect on probability of them entering the breeding population. Females were more likely to be detected breeding than males, which is consistent with the differential fidelity of the sexes. Of individuals that survived the first year, larger goslings were more likely to become breeders. More recent cohorts were less likely to have been detected as breeders. Our findings indicate that environment during the growth period affects the ability of individuals to enter the breeding population, even after accounting for the effects of growth on survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0068:EEAROB]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Sedinger, J.S., Herzog, M., and Ward, D.H., 2004, Early environment and recruitment of black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) into the breeding population: The Auk, v. 121, no. 1, p. 68-73, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0068:EEAROB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"73","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tutakoke River, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"121","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0485e4b0c8380cd50a28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":415130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. mherzog@usgs.gov","contributorId":3965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark P.","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":415128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027759,"text":"70027759 - 2004 - Importance of equilibration time in the partitioning and toxicity of zinc in spiked sediment bioassays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:29:45","indexId":"70027759","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of equilibration time in the partitioning and toxicity of zinc in spiked sediment bioassays","docAbstract":"The influences of spiked Zn concentrations (1–40 μmol/g) and equilibration time (˜ 95 d) on the partitioning of Zn between pore water (PW) and sediment were evaluated with estuarine sediments containing two levels (5 and 15 μmol/g) of acid volatile sulfides (AVS). Their influence on Zn bioavailability was also evaluated by a parallel, 10‐d amphipod (Leptocheirus plumulosus) mortality test at 5, 20, and 85 d of equilibration. During the equilibration, AVS increased (up to twofold) with spiked Zn concentration ([Zn]), whereas Zn‐simultaneously extracted metals ([SEM]; Zn with AVS) remained relatively constant. Concentrations of Zn in PW decreased most rapidly during the initial 30 d and by 11‐ to 23‐fold during the whole 95‐d equilibration period. The apparent partitioning coefficient (Kpw, ratio of [Zn] in SEM to PW) increased by 10‐ to 20‐fold with time and decreased with spiked [Zn] in sediments. The decrease of PW [Zn] could be explained by a combination of changes in AVS and redistribution of Zn into more insoluble phases as the sediment aged. Amphipod mortality decreased significantly with the equilibration time, consistent with decrease in dissolved [Zn]. The median lethal concentration (LC50) value (33 μM) in the second bioassay, conducted after 20 d of equilibration, was twofold the LC50 in the initial bioassay at 5 d of equilibration, probably because of the change of dissolved Zn speciation. Sediment bioassay protocols employing a short equilibration time and high spiked metal concentrations could accentuate partitioning of metals to the dissolved phase and shift the pathway for metal exposure toward the dissolved phase.
Reliable estimates of nest survival are essential for assessing strategies for avian conservation. We review the history of modifications and alternatives for estimating nest survival, with a focus on four techniques: apparent nest success, the Mayfield estimator, the Stanley method, and program MARK. The widely used Mayfield method avoids the known positive bias inherent in apparent nest success by estimating daily survival rates using the number of exposure days, eliminating the need to monitor nests from initiation. Concerns that some of Mayfield's assumptions were restrictive stimulated the development of new techniques. Stanley's method allows for calculation of stage-specific daily survival rates when transition and failure dates are unknown, and eliminates Mayfield's assumption that failure occurred midway through the nest-check interval. Program MARK obviates Mayfield's assumption of constant daily survival within nesting stages and evaluates variation in nest survival as a function of biologically relevant factors. These innovative methods facilitate the evaluation of nest survival using an information-theoretic approach. We illustrate use of these methods with Lark Bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys) nest data from the Pawnee National Grassland, Colorado. Nest survival estimates calculated using Mayfield, Stanley, and MARK methods were similar, but apparent nest success estimates ranged 1– 24% greater than the other estimates. MARK analysis revealed that survival of Lark Bunting nests differed between site–year groups, declined with both nest age and time in season, but did not vary with weather parameters. We encourage researchers to use these approaches to gain reliable and meaningful nest survival estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornitological Society","doi":"10.1093/condor/106.3.472","usgsCitation":"Jehle, G., Yackel Adams, A., Savidge, J.A., and Skagen, S., 2004, Nest survival estimation: A review of alternatives to the Mayfield estimator: The Condor, v. 106, no. 3, p. 472-484, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.3.472.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"472","endPage":"484","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478055,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.3.472","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae92d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jehle, G.","contributorId":27414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jehle","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yackel Adams, A. A. 0000-0002-7044-8447","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-8447","contributorId":16792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackel Adams","given":"A. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savidge, J. A.","contributorId":36078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savidge","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skagen, S. K. 0000-0002-6744-1244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":31348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027799,"text":"70027799 - 2004 - Use of an electromagnetic seepage meter to investigate temporal variability in lake seepage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:31:16","indexId":"70027799","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of an electromagnetic seepage meter to investigate temporal variability in lake seepage","docAbstract":"A commercially available electromagnetic flowmeter is attached to a seepage cylinder to create an electromagnetic seepage meter (ESM) for automating measurement of fluxes across the sediment/water interface between ground water and surface water. The ESM is evaluated through its application at two lakes in New England, one where water seeps into the lake and one where water seeps out of the lake. The electromagnetic flowmeter replaces the seepage-meter bag and provides a continuous series of measurements from which temporal seepage processes can be investigated. It provides flow measurements over a range of three orders of magnitude, and contains no protruding components or moving parts. The ESM was used to evaluate duration of seepage disturbance following meter installation and indicated natural seepage rates resumed approximately one hour following meter insertion in a sandy lakebed. Lakebed seepage also varied considerably in response to lakebed disturbances, near-shore waves, and rain-falls, indicating hydrologic processes are occurring in shallow lakebed settings at time scales that have largely gone unobserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02451.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D., and Morin, R.H., 2004, Use of an electromagnetic seepage meter to investigate temporal variability in lake seepage: Ground Water, v. 42, no. 1, p. 68-77, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02451.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"77","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":211008,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02451.x"},{"id":238143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbeb3e4b08c986b32972b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":415277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}