{"pageNumber":"2747","pageRowStart":"68650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70026357,"text":"70026357 - 2004 - Baseflow contribution to nitrate-nitrogen export from a large, agricultural watershed, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026357","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Baseflow contribution to nitrate-nitrogen export from a large, agricultural watershed, USA","docAbstract":"Nitrate-nitrogen export from the Raccoon River watershed in west-central Iowa is among the highest in the United State and contributes to impairment of downstream water quality. We examined a rare long-term record of streamflow and nitrate concentration data (1972-2000) to evaluate annual and seasonal patterns of nitrate losses in streamflow and baseflow from the Raccoon River. Combining hydrograph separation with a load estimation program, we estimated that baseflow contributes approximately two-thirds (17.3 kg/ha) of the mean annual nitrate export (26.1 kg/ha). Baseflow transport was greatest in spring and late fall when baseflow contributed more than 80% of the total export. Herein we propose a 'baseflow enrichment ratio' (BER) to describe the relation of baseflow water with baseflow nitrate loads. The long-term ratio of 1.23 for the Raccoon River suggests preferential leaching of nitrate to baseflow. Seasonal patterns of the BER identified the strong link between the baseflow nitrate loads and seasonal crop nitrogen requirements. Study results demonstrate the utility of assessing the baseflow contribution to nitrate loads to identify appropriate control strategies for reducing baseflow delivery of nitrate. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.010","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K., and Zhang, Y., 2004, Baseflow contribution to nitrate-nitrogen export from a large, agricultural watershed, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 295, no. 1-4, p. 305-316, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.010.","startPage":"305","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208392,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.010"},{"id":234120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"295","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efd5e4b0c8380cd4a48f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K.","contributorId":101423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Y.-K.","contributorId":44309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023,"text":"ofr20041442 - 2004 - Summary of studies supporting cumulative effects analysis of upper Yellowstone River channel modifications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T18:54:33","indexId":"ofr20041442","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1442","title":"Summary of studies supporting cumulative effects analysis of upper Yellowstone River channel modifications","docAbstract":"<p>During the last several decades, portions of the upper Yellowstone River have been modified for flood control and erosion prevention. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for administration of a permit program for evaluating construction activities affecting rivers, streams, and wetlands. The Corps regulates activities under the authority of Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Since assumption of jurisdiction in the mid-1970&rsquo;s, the Corps has processed a total of 156 permit actions for the upper Yellowstone River. Over two-thirds of the permit actions occurred during or after two consecutive large floods during 1996 and 1997. In response to concern regarding the potential environmental and ecological consequences of channel modification, the Corps, in conjunction with State and local government agencies, initiated a series of scientific studies to better understand the effects of channel modification in the upper Yellowstone River (Figure 1). These included preparation of wetland and riparian inventory maps (Bon, 2001); hydraulic modeling and flood-plain delineation; watershed land-cover assessment (Pick and Potter, 2003); historic bottomland use analysis (Brelsford and others, 2003); analysis of channel modification effects on fish habitat (Bowen and others, 2003); comparison of juvenile salmonid use of modified and unmodified habitats (Zale and Rider, 2003); analysis of riparian vegetation and flood-plain turnover (Merigliano and Polzin, 2003); study of the relations between riparian habitat and bird communities (Hansen and others, 2003); analyses of geomorphology and historical channel changes (Dalby and Robinson, 2003); socioeconomic assessment (BBC Research and Consulting, 2002); and sediment transport investigations and modeling (Holnbeck, 2003).</p>\n<p>This report is a summary of results from the individual scientific studies as they bear on future programmatic cumulative effects analyses of channel modification of the upper Yellowstone River. We do not attempt a formal, cumulative impact assessment in the sense of evaluating alternatives or future scenarios. The first section presents major findings of the resource studies in terms of temporal comparisons, spatial comparisons, and causal relations. In this section, we present a series of conceptual models or flow diagrams of the major causal pathways of cumulative impacts from channel modification. These represent major pathways of potential impact based on knowledge from other rivers, concerns expressed about the upper Yellowstone, and results from the scientific studies. These diagrams serve to focus interpretation of study results as either supporting or not supporting the importance and magnitude of particular causal relations and to identify key linking variables appearing in multiple causal pathways. These key variables that connect channel&nbsp;modification actions to multiple, valued environmental attributes can serve as the foundation for both projecting and monitoring future responses of the system.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>A section on analytical realities outlines some of the limitations of projecting cumulative impacts from channel modification of the upper Yellowstone River on meaningful spatial and temporal scales and some of the difficulties of interpreting results from studies conducted shortly after two extreme floods and substantial increases in channel modification. A section on classification describes the two primary geomorphic classification systems of the upper Yellowstone River used in the various individual resource studies. Each of these systems has been valuable in supporting field sampling and expressing results concerning patterns of variation. Their integration or revision into a classification system to achieve some new purpose, such as a regulatory program or monitoring system, will depend on a crisp articulation of riverine management or regulatory objectives. A section on key variables identifies those that are central to the causal pathways connecting channel modification to impacts and provides a rationale for key variables as an alternative to other tools such as Proper Functioning Condition (Barrett and others, 1993), Index of Biotic Integrity (Karr, 1981), or the Synoptic Approach (Liebowitz and others, 1992). This section also explains relations among key variable to Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) assessment procedures (Hauer and Smith, 1998; Hauer and others, 2001) and outlines how these 2 variables might be monitored to track cumulative impacts. Examples of how selected key variables can be quantified using Geographic Information System data sets developed from the resource studies are presented for one reach.</p>\n<p>The largest portion of the document is an Appendix that summarizes each of the individual scientific studies in terms of scope and methods, findings, principal variables, and metrics used in the study or suggested by the study results, and important needs for further study.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041442","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., Bowen, Z.H., Bovee, K.D., Farmer, A.H., Sexton, N.R., and Waddle, T.J., 2004, Summary of studies supporting cumulative effects analysis of upper Yellowstone River channel modifications (Revised and reprinted 2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1442, v, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041442.","productDescription":"v, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193276,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041442.PNG"},{"id":320290,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1442/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.91934204101562,\n              45.00462215014995\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.91934204101562,\n              45.740693395533064\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.22308349609375,\n              45.740693395533064\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.22308349609375,\n              45.00462215014995\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.91934204101562,\n              45.00462215014995\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Revised and reprinted 2004","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699528","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bovee, Ken D.","contributorId":100447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farmer, Adrian H.","contributorId":107759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sexton, Natalie R.","contributorId":82750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Waddle, Terry J.","contributorId":43430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70194918,"text":"70194918 - 2004 - Tectonic, climatic, and land-use controls on groundwater recharge in an arid alluvial basin, Amargosa Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T14:21:43.271291","indexId":"70194918","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"9","title":"Tectonic, climatic, and land-use controls on groundwater recharge in an arid alluvial basin, Amargosa Desert","docAbstract":"<p>Unsaturated-zone profiles in alluvial sediments of the Amargosa Desert reveal distinct patterns of groundwater recharge corresponding to tectono-geomorphic setting and land-use history. Profiles of water potential, water content, and solute concentrations beneath irrigated fields, undisturbed native vegetation, and the normally dry channel of the Amargosa River reflect strongly contrasting recharge regimes. Profiles beneath irrigated fields and channel sites indicate quasi-steady percolation at depths sufficient to be isolated from seasonal variations in meteorologic forcing. Displaced chloride and nitrate peaks beneath a recently converted agricultural field and a weakly incised channel site capture newly initiated deep percolation moving previously accumulated salts from the upper profile to greater depths. Channel migration caused by an extreme flood initiated deep percolation at the latter site. Downward-advected nitrate peaks beneath an irrigated field mark resumption of cultivation following eight years of dormancy. Where available, travel time estimates of recharging fluxes support chemical mass balance estimates. Recharging fluxes range from ~6 to 22% of applied water for irrigated fields and from ~12 to 15% of infiltration for channel sites. Profiles of environmental tracers beneath undisturbed native vegetation in interfluvial areas are consistent with negligible recharge and sustained profile drying throughout the Holocene. Four to five times more chloride is accumulated on older, uplifted alluvium than on younger, non-uplifted alluvium, showing that tectonic controls on recharge become important when timescales extend to many millennia. Groundwater recharge in desert basins is limited to features that occupy a small fraction of the land surface and are not necessarily stationary.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Groundwater recharge in a desert environment: The southwestern United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Americal Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"Stonestrom, D.A., Prudic, D.E., Laczniak, R.J., and Akstin, K., 2004, Tectonic, climatic, and land-use controls on groundwater recharge in an arid alluvial basin, Amargosa Desert, chap. <i>of</i> Groundwater recharge in a desert environment: The southwestern United States, p. 29-48.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350763,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350813,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/009WSA03/summary"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.89727783203125,\n              36.301845303684324\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.67779541015625,\n              36.301845303684324\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.67779541015625,\n              37.00035919622158\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.89727783203125,\n              37.00035919622158\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.89727783203125,\n              36.301845303684324\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7040d7e4b06e28e9cae4fd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hogan, James F.","contributorId":30533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726101,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Fred M.","contributorId":57957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726102,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726103,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laczniak, Randell J.","contributorId":90687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"Randell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Akstin, Katherine kakstin@usgs.gov","contributorId":5178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akstin","given":"Katherine","email":"kakstin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":55655,"text":"fs20043055 - 2004 - The importance of wood in headwater streams of the Oregon Coast Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:53","indexId":"fs20043055","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3055","title":"The importance of wood in headwater streams of the Oregon Coast Range","docAbstract":"Although headwater streams comprise the majority of stream length in mountainous regions, little is known about their form and function in comparison to higher-order rivers. A better understanding of the role of headwater streams in routing water, wood, and sediment is needed to clarify the physical and biological connections among uplands, riparian zones, and downstream reaches.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20043055","usgsCitation":"May, C., Gresswell, R., and Erickson, J.L., 2004, The importance of wood in headwater streams of the Oregon Coast Range: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3055, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043055.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":5363,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fsl.orst.edu/cfer/pdfs/CFERFS04.pdf","size":"676","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3055.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624e87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, Christine","contributorId":99619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Christine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E.","contributorId":13194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erickson, Janet L.","contributorId":39847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026589,"text":"70026589 - 2004 - Chemistry of burning the forest floor during the FROSTFIRE experimental burn, interior Alaska, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026589","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry of burning the forest floor during the FROSTFIRE experimental burn, interior Alaska, 1999","docAbstract":"Wildfires represent one of the most common disturbances in boreal regions, and have the potential to reduce C, N, and Hg stocks in soils while contributing to atmospheric emissions. Organic soil layers of the forest floor were sampled before and after the FROSTFIRE experimental burn in interior Alaska, and were analyzed for bulk density, major and trace elements, and organic compounds. Concentrations of carbon, nutrients, and several major and trace elements were significantly altered by the burn. Emissions of C, N, and Hg, estimated from chemical mass balance equations using Fe, Al, and Si as stable constituents, indicated that 500 to 900 g C and up to 0 to 4 ?? 10-4 g Hg/M2 were lost from the site. Calculations of nitrogen loss range from -4 to +6 g/m2 but were highly variable (standard deviation 19), with some samples showing increased N concentrations post-burn potentially from canopy ash. Noncombustible major nutrients such as Ca and K also were inherited from canopy ash. Thermogravimetry indicates a loss of thermally labile C and increase of lignin-like C in char and ash relative to unburned counterparts. Overall, atmospheric impacts of boreal fires include large emissions of C, N and Hg that vary greatly as a function of severe fire weather and its access to deep organic layers rich in C, N, and Hg. In terrestrial systems, burning rearranges the vertical distribution of nutrients in fuels and soils, the proximity of nutrients and permafrost to surface biota, and the chemical composition of soil including its nutrient and organic constituents, all of which impact C cycling. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003GB002194","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Harden, J., Neff, J.C., Sandberg, D.V., Turetsky, M., Ottmar, R., Gleixner, G., Fries, T.L., and Manies, K., 2004, Chemistry of burning the forest floor during the FROSTFIRE experimental burn, interior Alaska, 1999: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 18, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002194.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478129,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002194","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208584,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002194"},{"id":234419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5a9e4b0c8380cd4c354","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neff, J. C.","contributorId":29935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sandberg, D. V.","contributorId":36339,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sandberg","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turetsky, M.R.","contributorId":107470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turetsky","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ottmar, R.","contributorId":58767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottmar","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gleixner, G.","contributorId":106678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleixner","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fries, T. L.","contributorId":12053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fries","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Manies, K.L.","contributorId":23228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70026924,"text":"70026924 - 2004 - Effects of the fungicides mancozeb and chlorothalonil on fluxes of CO2, N2O, and CH4 in a fertilized Colorado grassland soil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T07:58:41","indexId":"70026924","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of the fungicides mancozeb and chlorothalonil on fluxes of CO2, N2O, and CH4 in a fertilized Colorado grassland soil","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p><span class=\"paraNumber\">[1]<span>&nbsp;</span></span>Management of agricultural soil plays an important role in present and future atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). Pesticides are used as management tools in crop production, but little is known about their effects on soil‐atmosphere exchange of CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and CH<sub>4</sub>. Field studies described in this paper determined the effect of two commonly used fungicides, mancozeb and chlorothalonil, on trace gas exchange. Separate experimental plots, 1 m<sup>2</sup>, were established in nitrogen fertilized no‐tilled native grassland and tilled soils with and without fungicide application. Two studies were conducted. The first study was initiated in June 1999 and lasted for 1 year with monthly flux measurements from tilled and no‐till soils. The second study commenced in August 2001 with twelve weekly measurements from tilled soils only. From both studies mancozeb suppressed emissions of CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and N<sub>2</sub>O in the tilled soil by an average of 28% and 47%, respectively. This suppression corresponded with efficacy periods of 14–29 and 56–77 days, respectively. From the no‐till soils mancozeb decreased CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions by 33% and 80% for periods of 29 and 94 days, respectively. Mancozeb inhibited CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>consumption in the first study by 46% and 71% in the tilled and no‐till soil for periods of 8 and 29 days, respectively, but had no effect in the second study. From both studies chlorothalonil initially suppressed CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and enhanced CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>uptake in the tilled soil by an average of 37%, 40%, and 115%, respectively. These effects corresponded with efficacy periods of 14–29, 21–56, and 1–14 days, respectively. In the no‐till soil chlorothalonil inhibited CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and enhanced CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>uptake by 29%, 48%, and 86% for periods of 29, 56, and 56 days, respectively. Following the initial period of suppression, chlorothalonil subsequently enhanced N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in the tilled soil by an average of 51% and in the no‐till soil by 81% before returning to near background levels. The beginning of increased N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from the chlorothalonil‐amended plots corresponded with a maximum soil concentration of the chlorothalonil degradate, 4‐hydroxy‐2, 5, 6‐trichloroisophthalonitrile. The site specific global warming potential (GWP) resulting from the fluxes of CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>from all soils was determined to decrease by an average 26% and 21% as a result of a single application of mancozeb or chlorothalonil, respectively. The decrease in CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>emissions in the fungicide‐amended plots potentially could result in the conservation of as much as 1200 and 2400 kg C ha<sup>−1</sup>yr<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>organic carbon in the tilled and no‐till plots, respectively. Therefore it is feasible that application of certain fungicides to agricultural soil might lead to enhanced soil carbon sequestration and thus have additional positive effects on atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>concentrations.</p></div><div id=\"jgrd10707-sec-0001\" class=\"article-section__content\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2003JD003655","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kinney, C., Mosier, A., Ferrer, I., Furlong, E., and Mandernack, K., 2004, Effects of the fungicides mancozeb and chlorothalonil on fluxes of CO2, N2O, and CH4 in a fertilized Colorado grassland soil: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 109, no. 5, D05303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003655.","productDescription":"D05303","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0804e4b0c8380cd5192d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinney, C.A.","contributorId":90516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinney","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mosier, A.R.","contributorId":73797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosier","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrer, I.","contributorId":97260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrer","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mandernack, K.W.","contributorId":68913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandernack","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026139,"text":"70026139 - 2004 - Uranium adsorption on weathered schist - Intercomparison of modeling approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:49:32","indexId":"70026139","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3226,"text":"Radiochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium adsorption on weathered schist - Intercomparison of modeling approaches","docAbstract":"Experimental data for uranium adsorption on a complex weathered rock were simulated by twelve modelling teams from eight countries using surface complexation (SC) models. This intercomparison was part of an international project to evaluate the present capabilities and limitations of SC models in representing sorption by geologic materials. The models were assessed in terms of their predictive ability, data requirements, number of optimised parameters, ability to simulate diverse chemical conditions and transferability to other substrates. A particular aim was to compare the generalised composite (GC) and component additivity (CA) approaches for modelling sorption by complex substrates. Both types of SC models showed a promising capability to simulate sorption data obtained across a range of chemical conditions. However, the models incorporated a wide variety of assumptions, particularly in terms of input parameters such as site densities and surface site types. Furthermore, the methods used to extrapolate the model simulations to different weathered rock samples collected at the same field site tended to be unsatisfactory. The outcome of this modelling exercise provides an overview of the present status of adsorption modelling in the context of radionuclide migration as practised in a number of countries worldwide.","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.1524/ract.92.9.651.54992","issn":"00338230","usgsCitation":"Payne, T., Davis, J., Ochs, M., Olin, M., and Tweed, C., 2004, Uranium adsorption on weathered schist - Intercomparison of modeling approaches: Radiochimica Acta, v. 92, no. 9-11, p. 651-661, https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.92.9.651.54992.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"651","endPage":"661","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208663,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1524/ract.92.9.651.54992"},{"id":234555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"9-11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd82e4b08c986b329071","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, T.E.","contributorId":31916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ochs, M.","contributorId":92025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ochs","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olin, M.","contributorId":58439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tweed, C.J.","contributorId":90087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tweed","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035452,"text":"70035452 - 2004 - WTAQ - A computer program for aquifer-test analysis of confined and unconfined aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035452","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"WTAQ - A computer program for aquifer-test analysis of confined and unconfined aquifers","docAbstract":"Computer program WTAQ was developed to implement a Laplace-transform analytical solution for axial-symmetric flow to a partially penetrating, finite-diameter well in a homogeneous and anisotropic unconfined (water-table) aquifer. The solution accounts for wellbore storage and skin effects at the pumped well, delayed response at an observation well, and delayed or instantaneous drainage from the unsaturated zone. For the particular case of zero drainage from the unsaturated zone, the solution simplifies to that of axial-symmetric flow in a confined aquifer. WTAQ calculates theoretical time-drawdown curves for the pumped well and observation wells and piezometers. The theoretical curves are used with measured time-drawdown data to estimate hydraulic parameters of confined or unconfined aquifers by graphical type-curve methods or by automatic parameter-estimation methods. Parameters that can be estimated are horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity, specific storage, and specific yield. A sample application illustrates use of WTAQ for estimating hydraulic parameters of a hypothetical, unconfined aquifer by type-curve methods. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)366","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"Barlow, P.M., and Moench, A., 2004, WTAQ - A computer program for aquifer-test analysis of confined and unconfined aquifers, <i>in</i> Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)366.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215502,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)366"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc3b4e4b08c986b32b32f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, P. M.","contributorId":63022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moench, A.F.","contributorId":91495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035530,"text":"70035530 - 2004 - Hydraulic modeling and scour analysis for the San Francisco - Oakland Bay Bridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035530","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydraulic modeling and scour analysis for the San Francisco - Oakland Bay Bridge","docAbstract":"A study was conducted to determine potential maximum scour depths for the foundations of the replacement east span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, as part of the ongoing structural design. This effort presented unique challenges as strong tidal currents, large depths, and cohesive bottom sediments characterize the site. The authors met these challenges with a multi-faceted approach to the problem. First, design current velocities were determined using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of San Francisco Bay in conjunction with ADCP hydrographic surveys. Analytical scour calculations were performed and live-bed flume tests of the proposed foundations were also conducted. Finally, two separate methodologies were used to interpret the physical model tests in order to calculate potential scour depths around the foundations. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)16","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"Shelden, J., Smith, E., Sheppard, D., and Odeh, M., 2004, Hydraulic modeling and scour analysis for the San Francisco - Oakland Bay Bridge, <i>in</i> Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)16.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216182,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)16"},{"id":244035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32f6e4b0c8380cd5ebf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelden, J.G.","contributorId":76964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelden","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, E.D.","contributorId":81335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheppard, D.M.","contributorId":36336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Odeh, M.","contributorId":95413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odeh","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026587,"text":"70026587 - 2004 - A guided inquiry approach to learning the geology of the U.S","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-09T15:38:22.642991","indexId":"70026587","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2324,"text":"Journal of Geoscience Education","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A guided inquiry approach to learning the geology of the U.S","docAbstract":"A guided inquiry exercise has been developed to help teach the geology of the U.S. This exercise is intended for use early in the school term when undergraduate students have little background knowledge of geology. Before beginning, students should be introduced to rock types and have a basic understanding of geologic time. This exercise uses three maps: the U.S. Geological Survey's \"A Tapestry of Time and Terrain\" and \"Landforms of the Conterminous United States\" maps, and a geologic map of the United States. Using these maps, groups of 3 to 5 students are asked to identify between 8 and 12 geologic provinces based on topography, the age of rocks, and rock types. Each student is given a blank outline map of the contiguous U.S. and each group is given a set of the three maps and colored pencils; as a group, students work to define regions in the U.S. with similar geology. A goal of 8 to 12 geologic provinces is given to help establish the level of detail being asked of students. One member of each group is asked to present their group's findings to the class, describing their geologic provinces and the reasoning behind their choices.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.5408/1089-9995-52.4.368","usgsCitation":"Leech, M., Howell, D.G., and Egger, A., 2004, A guided inquiry approach to learning the geology of the U.S: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 52, no. 4, p. 368-373, https://doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-52.4.368.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"368","endPage":"373","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              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,{"id":70027478,"text":"70027478 - 2004 - Interseismic strain and rotation rates in the northeast Mojave domain, eastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-08T16:03:21.956714","indexId":"70027478","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interseismic strain and rotation rates in the northeast Mojave domain, eastern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The northeast Mojave domain, a type locality for bookshelf faulting, is a region of east striking, left-lateral faults in the northeast corner of the Mojave block, a block otherwise dominated by ∼N40°W striking, right-lateral faults. Paleomagnetic evidence suggests that blocks within the domain have rotated clockwise about a vertical axis as much as 60° since 12.8 Ma [Schermer et al., 1996]</span><span>. In 1994, and again in 2002, the U.S. Geological Survey surveyed an array of 14 geodetic monuments distributed across the northeast Mojave domain. The 2002 survey results were adjusted to remove the coseismic offsets imposed by the nearby Hector Mine earthquake (16 October 1999,&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub><i>w</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 7.1). The adjusted deformation across the array appears to be uniform and can be approximated by the principal strain rates ε</span><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;= 28.9 ± 9.1 N77.2°W ± 4.8° and ε</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;= −48.2 ± 8.9 N12.8°E ± 4.8° nstrain yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>; extension reckoned positive, and quoted uncertainties are standard deviations. That strain accumulation could be released by slip on faults striking N32°W but not by bookshelf faulting on the east striking faults alone. The vertical axis rotation rate of the northeast Mojave domain as a whole relative to fixed North America is 71.0 ± 6.4 nrad yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;(4.07° ± 0.37° Myr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) clockwise, about twice the maximum tensor shear strain rate. The observed rotation rate acting over 12.8 Myr would produce a clockwise rotation of 52.1° ± 4.7°, exclusive of possible coseismic rotations. That rotation is in rough agreement with the paleomagnetic rotation accumulated in the individual fault blocks within the northeast Mojave domain since 12.8 Ma.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002705","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., Svarc, J.L., and Prescott, I.W., 2004, Interseismic strain and rotation rates in the northeast Mojave domain, eastern California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 2, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002705.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478115,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jb002705","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.125,\n              34.016241889667015\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.13671875,\n              34.016241889667015\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.13671875,\n              35.85343961959182\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.125,\n              35.85343961959182\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.125,\n              34.016241889667015\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3da7e4b0c8380cd6371f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Svarc, J. L.","contributorId":75995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prescott, II W.","contributorId":50348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027171,"text":"70027171 - 2004 - Record high Wolf, Canis lupus, pack density","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-22T13:16:15.405778","indexId":"70027171","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Record high Wolf, <i>Canis lupus</i>, pack density","title":"Record high Wolf, Canis lupus, pack density","docAbstract":"<p><span>This report documents a year-around Wolf (</span><i>Canis lupus</i><span>) density of 18.2/100 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;and a summer density of 30.8/100 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>, in a northeastern Minnesota Wolf pack. The previous record was a summer density of 14.1/100 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>, for a Wolf pack on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PKP Publishing Services","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v118i1.896","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., and Tracy, S., 2004, Record high Wolf, Canis lupus, pack density: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 118, no. 1, p. 127-129, https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v118i1.896.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"129","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478141,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v118i1.896","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.6142578125,\n              46.76996843356982\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.1201171875,\n              46.73986059969267\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.62597656249999,\n              46.98025235521883\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.439453125,\n              47.69497434186282\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.82421875,\n              48.22467264956519\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.3623046875,\n              48.28319289548349\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.373046875,\n              48.516604348867475\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.6142578125,\n              48.777912755501845\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.6142578125,\n              46.76996843356982\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a262e4b0e8fec6cdb5af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tracy, S.","contributorId":104001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tracy","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035642,"text":"70035642 - 2004 - An acoustic velocity measurement system for aiding barge traffic in the Colorado River locks near Matagorda, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035642","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An acoustic velocity measurement system for aiding barge traffic in the Colorado River locks near Matagorda, Texas","docAbstract":"In July 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey installed an acoustic Doppler velocity meter in the Colorado River, near the city of Matagorda in southeast Texas. The meter is part of an integrated system used by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to control barge traffic that passes through a lock system located at the confluence of the Colorado River and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. The meter was installed on the river bottom as part of a system developed and used by the National Weather Service. The upward-looking meter measures the average velocity in the top 3 meters (10 feet) of the water column. These river-velocity data are used in conjunction with additional velocity and water-stage data, from proximal sites, by the barge operators to assess conditions at the Colorado River crossing and for lock operations. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)304","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"East, J.W., and Scheffler, C., 2004, An acoustic velocity measurement system for aiding barge traffic in the Colorado River locks near Matagorda, Texas, <i>in</i> Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)304.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216308,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)304"},{"id":244171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9e0e4b0c8380cd484dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"East, J. W.","contributorId":99186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scheffler, C.","contributorId":81336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheffler","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026396,"text":"70026396 - 2004 - Ice processes affect habitat use and movements of adult cutthroat trout and brook trout in a Wyoming foothills stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026396","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ice processes affect habitat use and movements of adult cutthroat trout and brook trout in a Wyoming foothills stream","docAbstract":"Habitat use and movements of 25 adult cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii and 25 adult brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis from fall through winter 2002-2003 were assessed by means of radiotelemetry in a 7-km reach of a Rocky Mountains foothills stream. Temporal dynamics of winter habitat conditions were evaluated by regularly measuring the features of 30 pools and 5 beaver Castor canadensis ponds in the study reach. Groundwater inputs at three locations raised mean daily water temperatures in the stream channel during winter to 0.2-0.6??C and kept at least 250 m of the downstream channel free of ice, but the lack of surface ice further downstream led to the occurrence of frazil ice and anchor ice in pools and unstable habitat conditions for trout. Pools in segments that were not affected by groundwater inputs and beaver ponds tended to be stable and snow accumulated on the surface ice. Pools throughout the study reach tended to become more stable as snow accumulated. Both cutthroat trout and brook trout selected beaver ponds as winter progressed but tended to use lateral scour pools in proportion to their availability. Tagged fish not in beaver ponds selected lateral scour pools that were deeper than average and stable during winter. Movement frequencies by tagged fish decreased from fall through winter, but some individuals of both species moved during winter. Ice processes affected both the habitat use and movement patterns of cutthroat trout and brook trout in this foothills stream.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M03-223.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Lindstrom, J., and Hubert, W., 2004, Ice processes affect habitat use and movements of adult cutthroat trout and brook trout in a Wyoming foothills stream: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 24, no. 4, p. 1341-1352, https://doi.org/10.1577/M03-223.1.","startPage":"1341","endPage":"1352","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208420,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M03-223.1"},{"id":234161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37f0e4b0c8380cd612d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindstrom, J.W.","contributorId":99343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindstrom","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026478,"text":"70026478 - 2004 - Precise hypocenter locations of midcrustal low-frequency earthquakes beneath Mt. Fuji, Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-08T13:21:36.530462","indexId":"70026478","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1430,"text":"Earth, Planets and Space","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precise hypocenter locations of midcrustal low-frequency earthquakes beneath Mt. Fuji, Japan","docAbstract":"<p>Midcrustal low-frequency earthquakes (MLFs) have been observed at seismic stations around Mt. Fuji, Japan. In September - December 2000 and April - May 2001, abnormally high numbers of MLFs occurred. We located hypocenters for the 80 MLFs during 1998-2003 by using the hypoDD earthquake location program (Waldhauser and Ellsworth, 2000). The MLF hypocenters define an ellipsoidal volume some 5 km in diameter ranging from 11 to 16 km in focal depth. This volume is centered 3 km northeast of the summit and its long axis is directed NW-SE. The direction of the axis coincides with the major axis of tectonic compression around Mt. Fuji. The center of the MLF epicenters gradually migrated upward and 2-3 km from southeast to northwest during 1998-2001. We interpret that the hypocentral migration of MLFs reflects magma movement associated with a NW-SE oriented dike beneath Mt. Fuji.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/BF03352542","usgsCitation":"Nakamichi, H., Ukawa, M., and Sakai, S., 2004, Precise hypocenter locations of midcrustal low-frequency earthquakes beneath Mt. Fuji, Japan: Earth, Planets and Space, v. 56, no. 12, p. e37-e40, https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352542.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"e37","endPage":"e40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478053,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/bf03352542","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Fuji","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              138.50189208984372,\n              35.19625600786368\n            ],\n            [\n              138.92898559570312,\n              35.19625600786368\n            ],\n            [\n              138.92898559570312,\n              35.50651802802079\n            ],\n            [\n              138.50189208984372,\n              35.50651802802079\n            ],\n            [\n              138.50189208984372,\n              35.19625600786368\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a813ae4b0c8380cd7b40a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakamichi, H.","contributorId":92127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakamichi","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ukawa, M.","contributorId":75029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ukawa","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sakai, S.","contributorId":45195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakai","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026382,"text":"70026382 - 2004 - Nitrite toxicity of Litopenaeus vannamei in water containing low concentrations of sea salt or mixed salts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-28T16:43:37.594031","indexId":"70026382","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2574,"text":"Journal of the World Aquaculture Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Nitrite toxicity of <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in water containing low concentrations of sea salt or mixed salts","title":"Nitrite toxicity of Litopenaeus vannamei in water containing low concentrations of sea salt or mixed salts","docAbstract":"<p>The uptake, depuration and toxicity of environmental nitrite was characterized in <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> exposed in water containing low concentrations of artificial sea salt or mixed salts. In 2 g/L artificial sea salts, nitrite was concentrated in the hemolymph in a dose-dependent and rapid manner (steady-state in about 2 d). When exposed to nitrite in 2 g/L artificial sea salts for 4 d and then moved to a similar environment without added nitrite, complete depuration occurred within a day. Increasing salinity up to 10 g/L decreased uptake of environmental nitrite. Nitrite uptake in environments containing 2 g/L mixed salts (combination of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium chlorides) was similar to or lower than rates in 2 g/L artificial sea salt. Toxicity was inversely related to total dissolved salt and chloride concentrations and was highest in 2 g/L artificial sea salt (96-h medial lethal concentration = 8.4 mg/L nitrite-N). Animals that molted during the experiments did not appear to be more susceptible to nitrite than animals that did not molt. The shallow slope of the curve describing the relationship between toxicity and salinity suggests that management of nitrite toxicity in low-salinity shrimp ponds by addition of more salts may not be practical.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1749-7345.2004.tb00109.x","usgsCitation":"Sowers, A., Young, S., Isely, J.J., Browdy, C., and Tomasso, J., 2004, Nitrite toxicity of Litopenaeus vannamei in water containing low concentrations of sea salt or mixed salts: Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, v. 35, no. 4, p. 445-451, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2004.tb00109.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"445","endPage":"451","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66bae4b0c8380cd72f59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sowers, A.","contributorId":66135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sowers","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, S.P.","contributorId":50265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Browdy, C.L.","contributorId":21344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browdy","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tomasso, J.R. Jr.","contributorId":92468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomasso","given":"J.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026436,"text":"70026436 - 2004 - Application of near real-time radial semblance to locate the shallow magmatic conduit at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-16T09:12:24","indexId":"70026436","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of near real-time radial semblance to locate the shallow magmatic conduit at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Radial Semblance is applied to broadband seismic network data to provide source locations of Very-Long-Period (VLP) seismic energy in near real time. With an efficient algorithm and adequate network coverage, accurate source locations of VLP energy are derived to quickly locate the shallow magmatic conduit system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. During a restart in magma flow following a brief pause in the current eruption, the shallow magmatic conduit is pressurized, resulting in elastic radiation from various parts of the conduit system. A steeply dipping distribution of VLP hypocenters outlines a region extending from sea level to about 550 m elevation below and just east of the Halemaumau Pit Crater. The distinct hypocenters suggest the shallow plumbing system beneath Halemaumau consists of a complex plexus of sills and dikes. An unconstrained location for a section of the conduit is also observed beneath the region between Kilauea Caldera and Kilauea Iki Crater.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2004GL021163","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Dawson, P., Whilldin, D., and Chouet, B., 2004, Application of near real-time radial semblance to locate the shallow magmatic conduit at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, no. 21, L21606, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021163.","productDescription":"L21606","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478197,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gl021163","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208492,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021163"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.29131889343262,\n              19.378603724290507\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2375030517578,\n              19.378603724290507\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2375030517578,\n              19.416816177675052\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29131889343262,\n              19.416816177675052\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29131889343262,\n              19.378603724290507\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eca9e4b0c8380cd493ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whilldin, D.","contributorId":47128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whilldin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026984,"text":"70026984 - 2004 - Environment, agriculture, and settlement patterns in a marginal Polynesian landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-27T20:55:41.192995","indexId":"70026984","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environment, agriculture, and settlement patterns in a marginal Polynesian landscape","docAbstract":"Beginning ca. A.D. 1400, Polynesian farmers established permanent settlements along the arid southern flank of Haleakala Volcano, Maui, Hawaiian Islands; peak population density (43-57 persons per km2) was achieved by A.D. 1700-1800, and it was followed by the devastating effects of European contact. This settlement, based on dryland agriculture with sweet potato as a main crop, is represented by >3,000 archaeological features investigated to date. Geological and environmental factors are the most important influence on Polynesian farming and settlement practices in an agriculturally marginal landscape. Interactions between lava flows, whose ages range from 3,000 to 226,000 years, and differences in rainfall create an environmental mosaic that constrained precontact Polynesian farming practices to a zone defined by aridity at low elevation and depleted soil nutrients at high elevation. Within this productive zone, however, large-scale agriculture was concentrated on older, tephra-blanketed lava flows; younger flows were reserved for residential sites, small ritual gardens, and agricultural temples.","language":"English","publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0403470101","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Kirch, P., Hartshorn, A., Chadwick, O., Vitousek, P., Sherrod, D.R., Coil, J., Holm, L., and Sharp, W., 2004, Environment, agriculture, and settlement patterns in a marginal Polynesian landscape: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 101, no. 26, p. 9936-9941, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0403470101.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"9936","endPage":"9941","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478113,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/470777","text":"External Repository"},{"id":235546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Haleakala Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.26609802246094,\n              20.69574627626688\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.2427520751953,\n              20.69574627626688\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.2427520751953,\n              20.722079783730962\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.26609802246094,\n              20.722079783730962\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.26609802246094,\n              20.69574627626688\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"101","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a098ce4b0c8380cd51f78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirch, P.V.","contributorId":34398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirch","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartshorn, A.S.","contributorId":55656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartshorn","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chadwick, O.A.","contributorId":15219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chadwick","given":"O.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vitousek, P.M.","contributorId":102208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitousek","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sherrod, D. R.","contributorId":44559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coil, J.","contributorId":99012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coil","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Holm, L.","contributorId":53669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sharp, W.D.","contributorId":88467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70027112,"text":"70027112 - 2004 - Immunomodulation and disease resistance in postyearling rainbow trout infected with Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-26T17:44:00.288567","indexId":"70027112","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Immunomodulation and disease resistance in postyearling rainbow trout infected with <i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i>, the causative agent of whirling disease","title":"Immunomodulation and disease resistance in postyearling rainbow trout infected with Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease","docAbstract":"<p><i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i><span>, the myxosporean parasite that causes whirling disease, has a number of deleterious effects on its salmonid host. Although it is well established that juvenile salmonids in the active stages of whirling disease mount an immune response to the pathogen, the occurrence and longevity of any related immunomodulatory effects are unknown. In this study, postyearling rainbow trout&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;infected with&nbsp;</span><i>M. cerebralis</i><span>&nbsp;were examined for leukocyte functions and for resistance to&nbsp;</span><i>Yersinia ruckeri</i><span>, a bacterial pathogen of salmonids. Compared with uninfected controls,&nbsp;</span><i>M. cerebralis</i><span>-infected fish showed lower proliferative lymphocyte responses to four mitogens (concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, phytohemagglutinin, and lipopolysaccharide). Conversely,&nbsp;</span><i>M. cerebralis</i><span>-infected fish displayed greater bactericidal activity of anterior kidney macrophages than did uninfected fish. After bath challenges with&nbsp;</span><i>Y. ruckeri</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>M. cerebralis</i><span>-infected fish had slightly lower survival and a more rapid onset of mortality than did the control fish. Renal tissue and fecal samples from&nbsp;</span><i>M. cerebralis</i><span>-infected and uninfected survivors were cultured for the presence of&nbsp;</span><i>Y. ruckeri</i><span>, and no difference in prevalence was noted between the two groups. Because immunomodulatory changes in the&nbsp;</span><i>M. cerebralis</i><span>-infected fish involved functional enhancement and suppression of different leukocyte populations, disease resistance among&nbsp;</span><i>M. cerebralis</i><span>-infected fish in the later stages of whirling disease will probably vary with the secondary pathogen and the nature of immune response the pathogen evokes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/H03-039.1","usgsCitation":"Densmore, C.L., Ottinger, C.A., Blazer, V., Iwanowicz, L.R., and Smith, D., 2004, Immunomodulation and disease resistance in postyearling rainbow trout infected with Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 16, no. 2, p. 73-82, https://doi.org/10.1577/H03-039.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38a3e4b0c8380cd61635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Christine L. 0000-0001-6440-0781 cdensmore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6440-0781","contributorId":4560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","email":"cdensmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ottinger, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2551-1985 cottinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-1985","contributorId":2559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"Christopher","email":"cottinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":149414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. 0000-0002-1197-6178 liwanowicz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":190787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke","email":"liwanowicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026171,"text":"70026171 - 2004 - Long-term effects of flipper bands on penguins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026171","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term effects of flipper bands on penguins","docAbstract":"Changes in seabird populations, and particularly of penguins, offer a unique opportunity for investigating the impact of fisheries and climatic variations on marine resources. Such investigations often require large-scale banding to identify individual birds, but the significance of the data relies on the assumption that no bias is introduced in this type of long-term monitoring. After 5 years of using an automated system of identification of king penguins implanted with electronic tags (100 adult king penguins were implanted with a transponder tag, 50 of which were also flipper banded), we can report that banding results in later arrival at the colony for courtship in some years, lower breeding probability and lower chick production. We also found that the survival rate of unbanded, electronically tagged king penguin chicks after 2-3 years is approximately twice as large as that reported in the literature for banded chicks. ?? 2004 The Royal Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2004.0201","issn":"09628436","usgsCitation":"Gauthier-Clerc, M., Gendner, J., Ribic, C., Fraser, W., Woehler, E.J., Descamps, S., Gilly, C., Le, B.C., and Le, M.Y., 2004, Long-term effects of flipper bands on penguins: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 271, no. SUPPL. 6, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2004.0201.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478199,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1810082","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208642,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2004.0201"},{"id":234524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"271","issue":"SUPPL. 6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4989e4b0c8380cd686c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gauthier-Clerc, M.","contributorId":105494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gauthier-Clerc","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gendner, J.-P.","contributorId":63586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gendner","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ribic, C. A. 0000-0003-2583-1778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":6026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fraser, William R.","contributorId":94277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woehler, Eric J.","contributorId":39561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woehler","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Descamps, S.","contributorId":89318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Descamps","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gilly, C.","contributorId":49153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilly","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Le, Bohec C.","contributorId":12244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le","given":"Bohec","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Le, Maho Y.","contributorId":59594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le","given":"Maho","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70035643,"text":"70035643 - 2004 - Changes in the substrate of rivers in historic mining districts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035643","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Changes in the substrate of rivers in historic mining districts","docAbstract":"The restoration of rivers in watersheds with historic mining districts has become a topic of interest during the last decade. Rivers restoration in these areas is difficult because the mines and mills can be scattered over a wide area and often small. Many have also been abandoned. This paper presents two substrate related factors that are important in the evaluation of river restoration alternatives in watersheds with significance impacts from mines and mills most of which are old and abandoned. The two factors are 1) changes in the size distribution and specific weights of the substrate, and 2) the changes in quality of the interstecial waters caused by metals associated with the tailings in the substrate. The most important impacts of tailings from mills may be on the physical characteristics of the substrate (porosity) and on the quality of the pore waters. The measurements presented in this paper do show significant variation in the porosity in gravel bed rivers and in the quality of the pore waters. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)75","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R., 2004, Changes in the substrate of rivers in historic mining districts, <i>in</i> Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)75.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216309,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)75"},{"id":244172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f435e4b0c8380cd4bbdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, R.T.","contributorId":106845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026467,"text":"70026467 - 2004 - Decomposition and organic matter quality in continental peatlands: The ghost of permafrost past","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026467","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decomposition and organic matter quality in continental peatlands: The ghost of permafrost past","docAbstract":"Permafrost patterning in boreal peatlands contributes to landscape heterogeneity, as peat plateaus, palsas, and localized permafrost mounds are interspersed among unfrozen bogs and fens. The degradation of localized permafrost in peatlands alters local topography, hydrology, thermal regimes, and plant communities, and creates unique peatland features called \"internal lawns.\" I used laboratory incubations to quantify carbon dioxide (CO 2) production in peat formed under different permafrost regimes (with permafrost, without permafrost, melted permafrost), and explored the relationships among proximate organic matter fractions, nutrient concentrations, and decomposition. Peat within each feature (internal lawn, bog, permafrost mound) is more chemically similar than peat collected within the same province (Alberta, Saskatchewan) or within depth intervals (surface, deep). Internal lawn peat produces more CO2 than the other peatland types. Across peatland features, acid-insoluble material (AIM) and AIM/nitrogen are significant predictors of decomposition. However, within each peatland feature, soluble proximate fractions are better predictors of CO2 production. Permafrost stability in peatlands influences plant and soil environments, which control litter inputs, organic matter quality, and decomposition rates. Spatial patterns of permafrost, as well as ecosystem processes within various permafrost features, should be considered when assessing the fate of soil carbon in northern ecosystems. ?? 2004 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-004-0247-z","issn":"14329840","usgsCitation":"Turetsky, M., 2004, Decomposition and organic matter quality in continental peatlands: The ghost of permafrost past: Ecosystems, v. 7, no. 7, p. 740-750, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0247-z.","startPage":"740","endPage":"750","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208449,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0247-z"}],"volume":"7","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe13e4b0c8380cd4eae0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turetsky, M.R.","contributorId":107470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turetsky","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035453,"text":"70035453 - 2004 - Facilitating fish passage at ultra low head dams: An alternative to dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035453","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Facilitating fish passage at ultra low head dams: An alternative to dam removal","docAbstract":"Ecosystem sustainability and returning the biological integrity to rivers continue to change the landscape of fish passage technology. Installing a conventional fishways has a limited degree of success in accommodating fish passage needs. Recently, the option of total dam removal has been gaining momentum among resource managers, conservationists, and even engineers. Certain dams, however, cannot be removed, and conventional fishways are either too expensive to build or the real estate is simply not available; yet freedom of passage must be attained. At the Little Falls Dam on the Potomac River a notch in the crest of the dam was installed to accommodate passage of fish. The notch has three labyrinth weirs used for energy dissipation. Water velocities are maintained at less than about 4 m/s anywhere within the passage structure during migratory season of the target species (American shad). Construction of this novel design was recently completed (March 2000) and future biological evaluations are ongoing. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World's Water and Environmental Resources Challenges - Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001","conferenceTitle":"World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001","conferenceDate":"20 May 2001 through 24 May 2001","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40569(2001)332","isbn":"0784405697; 9780784405697","usgsCitation":"Odeh, M., 2004, Facilitating fish passage at ultra low head dams: An alternative to dam removal, <i>in</i> Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World's Water and Environmental Resources Challenges - Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001, v. 111, Orlando, FL, 20 May 2001 through 24 May 2001, https://doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)332.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215503,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)332"}],"volume":"111","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e8ee4b0c8380cd53502","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Odeh, M.","contributorId":95413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odeh","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026477,"text":"70026477 - 2004 - Snake (Colubridae: Thamnophis) predatory responses to chemical cues from native and introduced prey species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026477","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Snake (Colubridae: Thamnophis) predatory responses to chemical cues from native and introduced prey species","docAbstract":"Several aquatic vertebrates have been introduced into freshwater systems in California over the past 100 years. Some populations of the two-striped garter snake (Thamnophis hammondii) have lived in sympatry with these species since their introduction; other populations have never encountered them. To assess the possible adaptation to a novel prey, we tested the predatory responses of T. hammondii from different populations to different chemosensory cues from native and introduced prey species. We presented chemical extracts from potential prey types and 2 control odors to individual snakes on cotton swabs and recorded the number of tongue flicks and attacks directed at each swab. Subject response was higher for prey odors than control substances. Odors from introduced centrarchid fish (Lepomis) elicited higher response levels than other prey types, including native anuran larvae (Pseudacris regilla). The pattern of response was similar for both populations of snakes (experienced and nai??ve, with respect to the introduced prey). We suggest that the generalist aquatic lifestyle of T. hammondii has allowed it to take advantage of increasing populations of introduced prey. Decisions on the management strategies for some of these introduced prey species should include consideration of how T. hammondii populations might respond in areas of sympatry.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909(2004)049<0449:SCTPRT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Mullin, S., Imbert, H., Fish, J., Ervin, E., and Fisher, R., 2004, Snake (Colubridae: Thamnophis) predatory responses to chemical cues from native and introduced prey species: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 49, no. 4, p. 449-456, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2004)049<0449:SCTPRT>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"449","endPage":"456","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208530,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2004)049<0449:SCTPRT>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91ace4b08c986b319a15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullin, S.J.","contributorId":100506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullin","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Imbert, H.","contributorId":20949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbert","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fish, J.M.","contributorId":43146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fish","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ervin, E.L.","contributorId":99917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ervin","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026476,"text":"70026476 - 2004 - Transfer of the Argentine Precordillera terrane from Laurentia: Constraints from detrital-zircon geochronology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026476","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transfer of the Argentine Precordillera terrane from Laurentia: Constraints from detrital-zircon geochronology","docAbstract":"Ages from U-Pb and 207Pb/206Pb analyses of detrital zircons from synrift sandstone in the Lower Cambrian Cerro Totora Formation of the Argentine Precordillera have strong similarities to those from late synrift sandstones in the Lower Cambrian Rome Formation of southern Laurentia (Alabama). Ages of detrital zircons from the Cerro Totora sample cluster at 1160-970 Ma (60% of analyzed zircons , 1490-1300 Ma (24%), and 1890-1640 Ma (16%). Ages from two Rome samples cluster at 1240-970 Ma (32% of analyzed zircons), 1540-1270 Ma (31%), 1840-1610 Ma (14%), 1970-1890 Ma (5%), and 2930-2310 Ma (18%). The ages of detrital zircons from the Rome and Cerro Totora sandstones are consistent with sediment supply from the Grenville and older Proterozoic Laurentian provinces, and the older cluster in the Rome sandstones corresponds in age to the Laurentian Archean Superior province. Neither the Rome nor Cerro Totora samples include components younger than Grenville, and the lack of zircons from distinctly Gondwanan provinces is consistent with a Laurentian provenance. The detrital-zircon ages support previous interpretations that the Precordillera was rifted from the Ouachita embayment of Laurentia during Early Cambrian time and subsequently was transferred to Gondwana. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G20727.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Thomas, W., Astini, R., Mueller, P., Gehrels, G.E., and Wooden, J.L., 2004, Transfer of the Argentine Precordillera terrane from Laurentia: Constraints from detrital-zircon geochronology: Geology, v. 32, no. 11, p. 965-968, https://doi.org/10.1130/G20727.1.","startPage":"965","endPage":"968","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208529,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G20727.1"},{"id":234337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6cee4b08c986b326eb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, W.A.","contributorId":78104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Astini, R.A.","contributorId":91645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Astini","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, P.A.","contributorId":86117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gehrels, G. E.","contributorId":9660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehrels","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}