{"pageNumber":"2749","pageRowStart":"68700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70026625,"text":"70026625 - 2004 - Habitat use and home range of the Laysan Teal on Laysan Island, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T16:24:43.127793","indexId":"70026625","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use and home range of the Laysan Teal on Laysan Island, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>The 24-hour habitat use and home range of the Laysan Teal (<i>Anas laysanensis</i>), an endemic dabbling duck in Hawaii, was studied using radio telemetry during 1998-2000. Radios were retained for a mean of 40 days (0-123 d; 73 adult birds radio-tagged). Comparisons of daily habitat use were made for birds in the morning, day, evening, and night. Most birds showed strong evidence of selective habitat use. Adults preferred the terrestrial vegetation (88%), and avoided the lake and wetlands during the day. At night, 63% of the birds selected the lake and wetlands. Nocturnal habitat use differed significantly between the non-breeding and breeding seasons, while the lake and wetland habitats were used more frequently during the non-breeding season. Most individuals showed strong site fidelity during the study, but habitat selection varied between individuals. Mean home range size was 9.78 ha (<span>SE ± 2.6</span>) using the fixed kernel estimator (95% kernel; 15 birds, each with &gt;25 locations). The average minimum convex polygon size was 24 ha (<span>SE ± 5.6</span>). The mean distance traveled between tracking locations was 178 m (<span>SE ± 30.5</span>), with travel distances between points ranging up to 1,649 m. Tracking duration varied from 31-121 days per bird (mean tracking duration 75 days).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0183:HUAHRO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, M., 2004, Habitat use and home range of the Laysan Teal on Laysan Island, Hawaii: Waterbirds, v. 27, no. 2, p. 183-192, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0183:HUAHRO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"192","costCenters":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Laysan 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,{"id":70026624,"text":"70026624 - 2004 - Using macroinvertebrates to identify biota-land cover optima at multiple scales in the Pacific Northwest, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T16:01:42","indexId":"70026624","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using macroinvertebrates to identify biota-land cover optima at multiple scales in the Pacific Northwest, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Macroinvertebrate assemblages and environmental variables were evaluated at 45 stream sites throughout the Puget Sound Basin, Washington, USA. Environmental variables were measured at 3 spatial scales: reach, local, and whole watershed. Macroinvertebrate distributions were related to environmental variables using canonical correspondence analysis to determine which variables and spatial scales best explained the observed community composition and to identify biota-land cover optima. The calculation of a biota-land cover optimum was a 2-step process. First, an individual taxon's optimum was estimated for a particular land cover by weighting the mean value for that land cover by the abundance of that taxon at all sites. Second, the biota-land cover optimum was determined as the point at which the greatest numbers of taxa, at their calculated optima, appeared for a particular land cover. Sampling reaches were located on streams in watersheds with varying levels of forest, agriculture, and urban/suburban land cover that represented the full range of physical conditions typically found in Puget Sound streams. At the reach scale, taxa composition was correlated with conductivity and mean velocity. At the local and whole-watershed scales, taxa composition was correlated with % forest and agricultural land cover and % forest and bedrock land cover, respectively. For all of the scales, the dominant environmental variables represented an anthropogenic gradient. There was little difference in the amount of variability explained by each spatial scale. At the local-watershed scale, a biota-land cover optimum of ???80 to 90% forest land cover was identified. The total number of taxa at their optima declined rapidly as forest land cover within the local scale declined below 80 to 90%. At the whole-watershed scale, a biota-land cover optimum of 70 to 80% forest land cover was identified. The total number of taxa at their optima declined rapidly as forest land cover within the whole watershed declined below 70 to 80%. Our results suggest that macroinvertebrates can be used both as quantitative indicators of environmental conditions at multiple scales and indicators of land cover optima. Further examination of these optima could be used to establish priorities for conservation and restoration efforts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1899/0887-3593(2004)023<0340:UMTIBC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Black, R.W., Munn, M., and Plotnikoff, R., 2004, Using macroinvertebrates to identify biota-land cover optima at multiple scales in the Pacific Northwest, USA: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 23, no. 2, p. 340-362, https://doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2004)023<0340:UMTIBC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"340","endPage":"362","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208563,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2004)023<0340:UMTIBC>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc06be4b08c986b32a0fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Black, R. W.","contributorId":81943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munn, M.D.","contributorId":77908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plotnikoff, R.W.","contributorId":79676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plotnikoff","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026623,"text":"70026623 - 2004 - Hazard assessment of a simulated oil spill on intertidal areas of the St. Lawrence River with SPMD-TOX","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T15:52:27","indexId":"70026623","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1570,"text":"Environmental Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hazard assessment of a simulated oil spill on intertidal areas of the St. Lawrence River with SPMD-TOX","docAbstract":"<p><span>Phytoremediation in a simulated crude oil spill was studied with a “minimalistic” approach. The SPMD-TOX paradigm—a miniature passive sorptive device to collect and concentrate chemicals and microscale tests to detect toxicity—was used to monitor over time the bioavailability and potential toxicity of an oil spill. A simulated crude oil spill was initiated on an intertidal freshwater grass-wetland along the St. Lawrence River southwest of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. Several phytoremediation treatments were investigated; to dissipate and ameliorate the spill, treatments included nutrient amendments with inorganic nitrogen sources (ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate) and phosphate (super triple phosphate) with and without cut plants, with natural attenuation (no phytoremedial treatment) as a control. Sequestered oil residues were bioavailable in all oil-treated plots in Weeks 1 and 2. Interestingly, the samples were colored and fluoresced under ultraviolet light. In addition, microscale tests showed that sequestered residues were acutely toxic and genotoxic, as well as that they induced hepatic P</span><sub>450</sub><span>enzymes. Analysis of these data suggested that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were among the bioavailable residues sequestered. In addition, these findings suggested that the toxic bioavailable fractions of the oil spill and degradation products dissipated rapidly over time because after the second week the water column contained no oil or detectable degradation products in this riverine intertidal wetland. SPMD-TOX revealed no evidence of bioavailable oil products in Weeks 4, 6, 8, and 12. All phytoremediation efforts appeared to be ineffective in changing either the dissipation rate or the ability to ameliorate the oil toxicity. SPMD-TOX analysis of the water columns from these riverine experimental plots profiled the occurrence, dissipation, and influence of phytoremediation on the bioavailability and toxicity of oil products (parent or degradation products). </span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/tox.20022","issn":"15204081","usgsCitation":"Johnson, B., Petty, J.D., Huckins, J., Lee, K., and Gauthier, J., 2004, Hazard assessment of a simulated oil spill on intertidal areas of the St. Lawrence River with SPMD-TOX: Environmental Toxicology, v. 19, no. 4, p. 329-335, https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.20022.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"335","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208538,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.20022"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fc3e4b0c8380cd5d06b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, B. Thomas","contributorId":105101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"B. Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Kenneth","contributorId":61064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gauthier, J.","contributorId":42397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gauthier","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026622,"text":"70026622 - 2004 - Temporal changes in fishing motivation among fishing club anglers in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026622","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal changes in fishing motivation among fishing club anglers in the United States","docAbstract":"Responses from freshwater anglers (n = 4287) to a nationwide survey of the US fishing club members were used to assess differences in the importance of 16 fishing motivation items between 1987 and 1997, dates that preceded and followed a period of substantial decline in recreational fishing participation in the US. Comparison of respondents' motivations for fishing in 1997 and 10 years earlier indicated consistency in the paramount importance of being outdoors, relaxation and the experience of the catch. However, the importance of family recreation and being with friends in 1987 were replaced by escape items in 1997. Anglers with fewer dependents and living in areas with higher population density were more likely to decrease the importance of family recreation. Younger anglers were more likely to decrease the importance of being with friends. Anglers who had higher household income, fished more and had higher fishing expenditures were more likely to decrease the importance of obtaining fish to eat. The results of this study suggest that managers should be less concerned about angler opposition to liberal regulations that allow anglers to harvest fish, and that heightened efforts to recruit and retain recreational anglers, which presently focus on family recreation, should be broadened to include outdoor experience, relaxation and escape aspects of fishing. ?? 2004 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2400.2004.00384.x","issn":"0969997X","usgsCitation":"Schramm, H., and Gerard, P., 2004, Temporal changes in fishing motivation among fishing club anglers in the United States: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 11, no. 5, p. 313-321, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2004.00384.x.","startPage":"313","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208521,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2004.00384.x"},{"id":234313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4ffe4b08c986b32071e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schramm, H.L. Jr.","contributorId":103823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schramm","given":"H.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerard, P.D.","contributorId":16368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerard","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026621,"text":"70026621 - 2004 - Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska 1. Origin of Strombolian activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026621","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska 1. Origin of Strombolian activity","docAbstract":"The 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano (Alaska, USA) displayed both classical Strombolian activity and an explosive Subplinian plume. Strombolian activity at Shishaldin occurred in two major phases following the Subplinian activity. In this paper, we use acoustic measurements to interpret the Strombolian activity. Acoustic measurements of the two Strombolian phases show a series of explosions that are modeled by the vibration of a large overpressurised cylindrical bubble at the top of the magma column. Results show that the bubble does not burst at its maximum radius, as expected if the liquid film is stretched beyond its elasticity. But bursting occurs after one cycle of vibration, as a consequence of an instability of the air-magma interface close to the bubble minimum radius. During each Strombolian period, estimates of bubble length and overpressure are calculated. Using an alternate method based on acoustic power, we estimate gas velocity to be 30-60 m/s, in very good agreement with synthetic waveforms. Although there is some variation within these parameters, bubble length and overpressure for the first Strombolian phase are found to be ??? 82 ?? 11 m and 0.083 MPa. For the second Strombolian phase, bubble length and overpressure are estimated at 24 ?? 12 m and 0.15 MPa for the first 17 h after which bubble overpressure shows a constant increase, reaching a peak of 1.4 MPa, just prior to the end of the second Strombolian phase. This peak suggests that, at the time, the magma in the conduit may contain a relatively large concentration of small bubbles. Maximum total gas volume and gas fluxes at the surface are estimated to be 3.3 ?? 107 and 2.9 ?? 103 m3/s for the first phase and 1.0 ?? 108 and 2.2 ?? 103 m3/s for the second phase. This gives a mass flux of 1.2 ?? 103 and 8.7 ?? 102 kg/s, respectively, for the first and the second Strombolian phases. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.003","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Vergniolle, S., Boichu, M., and Caplan-Auerbach, J., 2004, Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska 1. Origin of Strombolian activity: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 137, no. 1-3 SPEC. ISS., p. 109-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.003.","startPage":"109","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478206,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.003","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208520,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.003"},{"id":234312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"1-3 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e69de4b0c8380cd4752e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vergniolle, S.","contributorId":74924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vergniolle","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boichu, M.","contributorId":39558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boichu","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caplan-Auerbach, J.","contributorId":7057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caplan-Auerbach","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026620,"text":"70026620 - 2004 - Methane fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere at northern high latitudes during the past century: A retrospective analysis with a process-based biogeochemistry model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026620","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere at northern high latitudes during the past century: A retrospective analysis with a process-based biogeochemistry model","docAbstract":"We develop and use a new version of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to study how rates of methane (CH4) emissions and consumption in high-latitude soils of the Northern Hemisphere have changed over the past century in response to observed changes in the region's climate. We estimate that the net emissions of CH4 (emissions minus consumption) from these soils have increased by an average 0.08 Tg CH4 yr-1 during the twentieth century. Our estimate of the annual net emission rate at the end of the century for the region is 51 Tg CH4 yr-1. Russia, Canada, and Alaska are the major CH4 regional sources to the atmosphere, responsible for 64%, 11%, and 7% of these net emissions, respectively. Our simulations indicate that large interannual variability in net CH4 emissions occurred over the last century. Our analyses of the responses of net CH4 emissions to the past climate change suggest that future global warming will increase net CH4 emissions from the Pan-Arctic region. The higher net CH4 emissions may increase atmospheric CH 4 concentrations to provide a major positive feedback to the climate system. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004GB002239","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Zhuang, Q., Melillo, J.M., Kicklighter, D., Prinn, R., McGuire, A., Steudler, P., Felzer, B., and Hu, S., 2004, Methane fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere at northern high latitudes during the past century: A retrospective analysis with a process-based biogeochemistry model: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 18, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002239.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478210,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gb002239","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208500,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002239"},{"id":234277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5525e4b0c8380cd6d13d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhuang, Q.","contributorId":40772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuang","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kicklighter, D. W.","contributorId":31537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":410225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prinn, R.G.","contributorId":26861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinn","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Steudler, P.A.","contributorId":38337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steudler","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Felzer, B.S.","contributorId":79675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felzer","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hu, S.","contributorId":74152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70026619,"text":"70026619 - 2004 - National Wildlife Refuge System: Ecological context and integrity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T14:13:15","indexId":"70026619","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2830,"text":"Natural Resources Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National Wildlife Refuge System: Ecological context and integrity","docAbstract":"<p>The Refuge Improvement Act of 1997 established a statutory mission and management standards for the National Wildlife Refuge system. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service subsequently issued a policy for ensuring the biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the system. This policy requires understanding the management objectives of each refuge in a local, regional, and national context. An assessment of the refuge system in a national and regional context reveals that refuges are typically smaller than many conservation holdings and are unevenly distributed across the conterminous U.S. Western rangelands, coastal wetlands, and northern grasslands; wetlands are the best-represented ecosystems, while temperate forests have the poorest representation. In contrast to other agency holdings or management designations in the national protected areas network (e.g., national parks, national forests, wilderness areas), refuges tend to occupy sites at lower elevations and that have higher productivity and soil quality. This difference points to the important contribution of the refuges in providing much needed ecological balance within the national protected areas network. However, the ecological integrity of the refuge system is challenged by the proximity of individual refuges to development. Overall, the refuges are becoming islands in a landscape matrix of urban and agricultural development. This creates future challenges for meeting management objectives to ensure the biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the system. If the policy to ensure biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the refuge system is to be successful, it may be more important to address issues about what happens on adjacent lands than uses within refuges.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of New Mexico School of Law","issn":"00280739","usgsCitation":"Scott, J.M., Loveland, T., Gergely, K., Strittholt, J., and Staus, N., 2004, National Wildlife Refuge System: Ecological context and integrity: Natural Resources Journal, v. 44, no. 4, p. 1041-1066.","startPage":"1041","endPage":"1066","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234276,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307637,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://lawschool.unm.edu/nrj/volumes/44/v44_no4.php"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6256e4b0c8380cd71e61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, J. M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, T. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":72986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gergely, K.","contributorId":71737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gergely","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strittholt, J.","contributorId":89701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strittholt","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Staus, N.","contributorId":70970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staus","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026618,"text":"70026618 - 2004 - Denitrification and hydrologic transient storage in a glacial meltwater stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:11:33","indexId":"70026618","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification and hydrologic transient storage in a glacial meltwater stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>In extreme environments, retention of nutrients within stream ecosystems contributes to the persistence of aquatic biota and continuity of ecosystem function. In the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, many glacial meltwater streams flow for only 5–12 weeks a year and yet support extensive benthic microbial communities. We investigated NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>uptake and denitrification in Green Creek by analyzing small‐scale microbial mat dynamics in mesocosms and reach‐scale nutrient cycling in two whole‐stream NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>enrichment experiments. Nitrate uptake results indicated that microbial mats were nitrogen (N)‐limited, with NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>uptake rates as high as 16 nmol N cm<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>h<sup>−1</sup>. Denitrification potentials associated with microbial mats were also as high as 16 nmol N cm<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>h<sup>−1</sup>. During two whole‐stream NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>−enrichment experiments, a simultaneous pulse of NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>was observed in the stream water. The one‐dimensional solute transport model with inflow and storage was modified to simulate two storage zones: one to account for short time scale hydrologic exchange of stream water into and out of the benthic microbial mat, the other to account for longer time scale hydrologic exchange with the hyporheic zone. Simulations indicate that injected NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>was removed both in the microbial mat and in the hyporheic zone and that as much as 20% of the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>that entered the microbial mat and hyporheic zone was transformed to NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>by dissimilatory reduction. Because of the rapid hydrologic exchange in microbial mats, it is likely that denitrification is limited either by biotic assimilation, reductase limitation, or transport limitation (reduced NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>is transported away from reducing microbes).</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.4319/lo.2004.49.5.1884","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Gooseff, M., McKnight, D.M., Runkel, R., and Duff, J., 2004, Denitrification and hydrologic transient storage in a glacial meltwater stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 49, no. 5, p. 1884-1895, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.5.1884.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1884","endPage":"1895","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478143,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.5.1884","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265984,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.5.1884"}],"otherGeospatial":"McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica ","volume":"49","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe97e4b0c8380cd4edef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gooseff, M.N.","contributorId":21668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":410215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duff, J.H.","contributorId":60377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026616,"text":"70026616 - 2004 - Morphology and sedimentation on open-coast intertidal flats of the Changjiang Delta, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026616","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Morphology and sedimentation on open-coast intertidal flats of the Changjiang Delta, China","docAbstract":"On many intertidal flats, lateral aggradation and reworking by large tidal channels is the dominant sedimentary process. On the open-coast intertidal flats of the Changjiang Delta large laterally migrating tidal channels are absent. Instead, numerous shallow tidal creeks cut across the intertidal flats. On these flats, vertical rather than lateral migration dominates sedimentation. Observations over semidiurnal tidal cycles show that both flood and ebb tides have the potential to deposit their own mud-sand couplets, but four couplets per day are rarely preserved. Reworking by tidal currents and/or weak waves results in loss of tidal couplets or amalgamation of two or more thin couplets into a single thick couplet. Measurements of preserved couplets show that they can represent a single flooding or ebbing event (half day) to a period of several neap-spring cycles. Diastems within amalgamated couplets are generally not distinguishable. The key agent for reworking open-coast intertidal flat deposits is not tidal creek migration but seasonal storm waves. Seasonal storm deposits consist of a basal scour and sand-dominant laminae with mud pebbles, grading upward to mud-dominated layers of fair-weather deposits. Sand-dominated layers are also reworked.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","language":"English","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Fan, D., Li, C., Wang, D., Wang, P., Archer, A., and Greb, S., 2004, Morphology and sedimentation on open-coast intertidal flats of the Changjiang Delta, China, <i>in</i> Journal of Coastal Research, no. SPEC. ISS. 43, p. 23-35.","startPage":"23","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"SPEC. ISS. 43","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e51e4b0c8380cd70961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fan, D.","contributorId":88517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, C.","contributorId":14954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, D.","contributorId":13384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, P.","contributorId":24967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Archer, A.W.","contributorId":8620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archer","given":"A.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greb, S.F.","contributorId":48294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greb","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026615,"text":"70026615 - 2004 - Remediation of spilled petroleum hydrocarbons by in situ landfarming at an arctic site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026615","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1264,"text":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remediation of spilled petroleum hydrocarbons by in situ landfarming at an arctic site","docAbstract":"A simple, economical landfarming operation was implemented to treat 3600 m3 of soil at a site just northeast of Barrow, AK (latitude 71.3 ??N). Prior to landfarming, diesel-range organics (DRO) and trimethylbenzenes (TMB) were present in the soil at concentrations more than an order of magnitude greater than the established cleanup goals, and moderate levels of gasoline-range organics (GRO) and BTEX compounds were also present. The landfarming operation included application of a commercial fertilizer mix at a rate designed to approach, but not exceed, soil concentrations of 100 mg N/kg soil and 50 mg P/kg soil, and an aggressive schedule of soil tilling using heavy equipment that was readily available from a local source. The operation was designed to continue through the brief thaw season-a scheduled duration of 70 days-but was successfully completed more than 2 weeks ahead of schedule. This work demonstrates that even in extremely harsh climates, soils that are moderately contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons can be effectively and economically remediated within reasonable time frames via landfarming. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2004.05.001","issn":"0165232X","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, K., Walker, L., Vigoren, L., and Bartel, J., 2004, Remediation of spilled petroleum hydrocarbons by in situ landfarming at an arctic site: Cold Regions Science and Technology, v. 39, no. 2-3, p. 31-39, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2004.05.001.","startPage":"31","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208456,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2004.05.001"}],"volume":"39","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6d4e4b0c8380cd85091","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, K.","contributorId":48287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, L.","contributorId":80469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vigoren, L.","contributorId":60423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vigoren","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartel, J.","contributorId":94329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartel","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026614,"text":"70026614 - 2004 - Mortality sensitivity in life-stage simulation analysis: A case study of southern sea otters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-11T17:14:17.977185","indexId":"70026614","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mortality sensitivity in life-stage simulation analysis: A case study of southern sea otters","docAbstract":"<p>Currently, there are no generally recognized approaches for linking detailed mortality and pathology data to population-level analyses of extinction risk. We used a combination of analytical and simulation-based analyses to examine 20 years of age- and sex-specific mortality data for southern sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>), and we applied results to project the efficacy of alternative conservation strategies. Population recovery of the southern sea otter has been slow (rate of population <span>increase λ = 1.05)</span> compared to other recovering populations (<span>λ = 1.17–1.20</span>), and the population declined (<span>λ = 0.975</span>) between 1995 and 1999. Age-based Leslie matrices were developed to explore explanations for the slow recovery and recent decline in the southern sea other population. An elasticity analysis was performed to predict effects of proportional changes in stage-specific reproductive or survival rates on the rate of population increase. A life-stage simulation analysis (LSA) was developed to evaluate the impact of changing age- and cause-specific mortality rates on <span>λ</span>. The information used to develop these models was derived from death assemblage, pathology, and live population census data to examine the sensitivity of sea otter population growth to different sources of mortality (e.g., disease and starvation, direct human take [fisheries, gun shot, boat strike, oil pollution], mating trauma and intraspecific aggression, shark bites, and unknown). We used resampling simulations to generate random combinations of vital rates for a large number of matrix replicates and drew on these to estimate potential effects of mortality sources on population growth (<span>λ</span>). Our analyses suggest management actions that are likely and unlikely to promote recovery of the southern sea otter and more broadly indicate a methodology to better utilize cause-of-death data in conservation decision-making.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/03-5006","usgsCitation":"Gerber, L., Tinker, M.T., Doak, D., Estes, J.A., and Jessup, D.A., 2004, Mortality sensitivity in life-stage simulation analysis: A case study of southern sea otters: Ecological Applications, v. 14, no. 5, p. 1554-1565, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1554","endPage":"1565","costCenters":[{"id":586,"text":"Tinker & Estes Lab and Santa Cruz Field Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e81e4b0c8380cd70aa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerber, L.R.","contributorId":33097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerber","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinker, M. T. 0000-0002-3314-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":54152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doak, D.F.","contributorId":39729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doak","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jessup, David A.","contributorId":96226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jessup","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":410200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026612,"text":"70026612 - 2004 - Emplacement mechanisms of the South Kona slide complex, Hawaii Island: Sampling and observations by remotely operated vehicle Kaiko","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026612","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emplacement mechanisms of the South Kona slide complex, Hawaii Island: Sampling and observations by remotely operated vehicle Kaiko","docAbstract":"Emplacement of a giant submarine slide complex, offshore of South Kona, Hawaii Island, was investigated in 2001 by visual observation and in-situ sampling on the bench scarp and a megablock, during two dives utilizing the Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Kaiko and its mother ship R/V Kairei. Topography of the bench scarp and megablocks were defined in 3-D perspective, using high-resolution digital bathymetric data acquired during the cruise. Compositions of 34 rock samples provide constraints on the landslide source regions and emplacement mechanisms. The bench scarp consists mainly of highly fractured, vesiculated, and oxidized a-a lavas that slumped from the subaerial flank of ancestral Mauna Loa. The megablock contains three units: block facies, matrix facies, and draped sediment. The block facies contains hyaloclastite interbedded with massive lava, which slid from the shallow submarine flank of ancestral Mauna Loa, as indicated by glassy groundmass of the hyaloclastite, low oxidation state, and low sulfur content. The matrix facies, which directly overlies the block facies and is similar to a lahar deposit, is thought to have been deposited from the water column immediately after the South Kona slide event. The draped sediment is a thin high-density turbidite layer that may be a distal facies of the Alika-2 debris-avalanche deposit; its composition overlaps with rocks from subaerial Mauna Loa. The deposits generated by the South Kona slide vary from debris avalanche deposit to turbidite. Spatial distribution of the deposits is consistent with deposits related to large landslides adjacent to other Hawaiian volcanoes and the Canary Islands. ?? Springer-Verlag 2004.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00445-004-0339-9","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Yokose, H., and Lipman, P.W., 2004, Emplacement mechanisms of the South Kona slide complex, Hawaii Island: Sampling and observations by remotely operated vehicle Kaiko: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 66, no. 7, p. 569-584, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-004-0339-9.","startPage":"569","endPage":"584","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208431,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-004-0339-9"},{"id":234172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0912e4b0c8380cd51db7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yokose, H.","contributorId":75308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yokose","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026608,"text":"70026608 - 2004 - Large scale clear-water local pier scour experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T15:00:30.4139","indexId":"70026608","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large scale clear-water local pier scour experiments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Local clear-water scour tests were performed with three different diameter circular piles (0.114, 0.305, and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mn>0.914</mn><mspace width=&quot;0.5em&quot; /><mi>m</mi></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mn\">0.914</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mi\">m</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>), three different uniform cohesionless sediment diameters (0.22, 0.80, and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mn>2.90</mn><mspace width=&quot;0.5em&quot; /><mi>mm</mi></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mn\">2.90</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"mi\">mm</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>) and a range of water depths and flow velocities. The tests were performed in the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mn>6.1</mn><mspace width=&quot;0.5em&quot; /><mi>m</mi></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mn\">6.1</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"mi\">m</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>&nbsp;wide,&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mn>6.4</mn><mspace width=&quot;0.5em&quot; /><mi>m</mi></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-19\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-20\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-21\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-22\" class=\"mn\">6.4</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-23\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-24\" class=\"mi\">m </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>deep, and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mn>38.4</mn><mspace width=&quot;0.5em&quot; /><mi>m</mi></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-25\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-26\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-27\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-28\" class=\"mn\">38.4</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-29\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-30\" class=\"mi\">m</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>&nbsp;long flume at the United States Geological Survey Conte Research Center in Turners Falls, Mass. These tests extend local scour data obtained in controlled experiments to prototype size piles and ratios of pile diameter to sediment diameter to 4,155. Supply water for this flow through flume was supplied by a hydroelectric power plant reservoir and the concentration of suspended fine sediment (wash load) could not be controlled. Equilibrium scour depths were found to depend on the wash load concentration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:10(957)","usgsCitation":"Sheppard, D., Odeh, M., and Glasser, T., 2004, Large scale clear-water local pier scour experiments: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 130, no. 10, p. 957-963, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:10(957).","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"957","endPage":"963","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4483e4b0c8380cd66b86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheppard, D.M.","contributorId":36336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odeh, M.","contributorId":95413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odeh","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glasser, T.","contributorId":60421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glasser","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026607,"text":"70026607 - 2004 - Modeling interpopulation dispersal by banner-tailed kangaroo rats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-13T16:46:00.081335","indexId":"70026607","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling interpopulation dispersal by banner-tailed kangaroo rats","docAbstract":"<p>Many metapopulation models assume rules of population connectivity that are implicitly based on what we know about within-population dispersal, but especially for vertebrates, few data exist to assess whether interpopulation dispersal is just within-population dispersal \"scaled up.\" We extended existing multi-stratum mark-release-recapture models to incorporate the robust design, allowing us to compare patterns of within- and between-population movement in the banner-tailed kangaroo rat (<i>Dipodomys spectabilis</i>). Movement was rare among eight populations separated by only a few hundred meters: seven years of twice-annual sampling captured &gt;1200 individuals but only 26 interpopulation dispersers. We developed a program that implemented models with parameters for capture, survival, and interpopulation movement probability and that evaluated competing hypotheses in a model selection framework. We evaluated variants of the island, stepping-stone, and isolation-by-distance models of interpopulation movement, incorporating effects of age, season, and habitat (short or tall grass). For both sexes, QAICc values clearly favored isolation-by-distance models, or models combining the effects of isolation by distance and habitat. Models with probability of dispersal expressed as linear-logistic functions of distance and as negative exponentials of distance fit the data equally well. Interpopulation movement probabilities were similar among sexes (perhaps slightly biased toward females), greater for juveniles than adults (especially for females), and greater before than during the breeding season (especially for females). These patterns resemble those previously described for within-population dispersal in this species, which we interpret as indicating that the same processes initiate both within- and between-population dispersal.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/03-0599","usgsCitation":"Skvarla, J., Nichols, J., Hines, J., and Waser, P., 2004, Modeling interpopulation dispersal by banner-tailed kangaroo rats: Ecology, v. 85, no. 10, p. 2737-2746, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0599.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2737","endPage":"2746","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c06e4b0c8380cd6f997","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skvarla, J.L.","contributorId":68935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skvarla","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":410170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waser, P.M.","contributorId":66454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waser","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026605,"text":"70026605 - 2004 - Precipitation and the occurrence of lyme disease in the Northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026605","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3675,"text":"Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precipitation and the occurrence of lyme disease in the Northeastern United States","docAbstract":"The occurrence of Lyme disease is a growing concern in the United States, and various studies have been performed to understand the factors related to Lyme disease occurrence. In the United States, Lyme disease has occurred most frequently in the northeastern United States. Positive correlations between the number of cases of Lyme disease reported in the northeastern United States during the 1992-2002 period indicate that late spring/early summer precipitation was a significant climate factor affecting the occurrence of Lyme disease. When late spring/early summer precipitation was greater than average, the occurrence of Lyme disease was above average, possibly due to increased tick activity and survival rate during wet conditions. Temperature did not seem to explain the variability in Lyme disease reports for the northeastern United States. ?? Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1089/1530366041210765","issn":"15303667","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Bunnell, J., 2004, Precipitation and the occurrence of lyme disease in the Northeastern United States: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, v. 4, no. 2, p. 143-148, https://doi.org/10.1089/1530366041210765.","startPage":"143","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208356,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/1530366041210765"},{"id":234059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8112e4b0c8380cd7b355","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunnell, J.E.","contributorId":63512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026603,"text":"70026603 - 2004 - Paleoseismology and neotectonics of the Shivwits section of the Hurricane Fault, northwestern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026603","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoseismology and neotectonics of the Shivwits section of the Hurricane Fault, northwestern Arizona","docAbstract":"The Shivwits section of the Hurricane Fault in northwestern Arizona has been largely ignored in evaluating the seismic hazard posed to the rapidly growing populations of southwestern Utah. To assess this hazard, we conducted studies along the Shivwits section using field observations and geomorphic modeling to understand the Quaternary tectonism of this portion of the Hurricane Fault. We have found evidence that it ruptured with up to 2 to 3 m of vertical displacement per event and likely produced ???M 7 earthquakes. Our results suggest that the slip rate along the southern Hurricane Fault has not decreased during the Quaternary. The Moriah Knoll basalt, offset 150 to 200 m along the Hurricane Fault, yielded a maximum long-term slip rate of 0.15 to 0.25 mm/yr, estimated using a new 40Ar/39Ar age of 0.85 ?? 0.06 Ma. The late Quaternary slip rates on alluvial fan surfaces offset 2 to 7.4 m were estimated using pedogenic carbonate rind thickness as a calibrated proxy for age. These observations yielded slip rates of ??? 0.05 to 0.3 mm/yr. Paleoseismic trench investigations showed that two surface-rupturing events occurred in the past 15-78 k.y. A radiocarbon sample from a most-recent event (MRE) fissure yielded a calibrated age of 8900-10,400 years B.P.; the penultimate event was likely ??? 10 k.y. before the most recent event. Slip-rate estimates using the Moriah Knoll basalt (???0. 15-0.24 mm/yr; 850 ka), surface offset (???0.05-0.3 mm/yr; < 100 ka), morphologic modeling (??? 0.06-0.21 mm/yr; <100 ka), and observations from the trench (??? 0.06-0.34 mm/yr; 15-75 ka) suggest that there has been no detectable change in slip rate in the past 1 million years or so. This implies a constant deformation rate for this portion of the Colorado Plateau Margin; therefore, Basin and Range extension is actively encroaching.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/012003241","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Amoroso, L., Pearthree, P., and Arrowsmith, J., 2004, Paleoseismology and neotectonics of the Shivwits section of the Hurricane Fault, northwestern Arizona: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 5, p. 1919-1942, https://doi.org/10.1785/012003241.","startPage":"1919","endPage":"1942","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208343,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/012003241"},{"id":234024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a744ce4b0c8380cd77578","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amoroso, L.","contributorId":68933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amoroso","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearthree, P. A.","contributorId":77236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearthree","given":"P. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arrowsmith, J.R.","contributorId":88536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arrowsmith","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026602,"text":"70026602 - 2004 - Metabolism of niclosamide in sediment and water systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026602","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2149,"text":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metabolism of niclosamide in sediment and water systems","docAbstract":"A series of experiments analyzed the kinetics and mechanisms of [ 14C]niclosamide degradation. The aerobic aquatic metabolism of [ 14C]niclosamide was studied in nonsterile river water/sediment mixtures. Test systems, maintained under aerobic conditions, were treated with niclosamide and incubated in the dark at 25.0 ?? 1.0 ??C for 30 days. Half-lives of 4.9 and 5.4 days were calculated for the chlorosalicylic acid- and chloronitroaniline-labeled test systems, respectively. From 0 to 21 days after treatment (DAT), the only metabolism product observed in either test system was aminoniclosamide. At the final sampling interval, five peaks were resolved from the chlorosalicylic acid label, and three peaks were resolved from the chloronitroaniline label test substance. By 30 DAT, sediment-bound residues represented ???70% of the observed radioactivity. For the anaerobic aquatic metabolism of [14C]niclosamide, test systems were incubated under anaerobic conditions for 365 days. Half-lives of 0.65 day for the chlorosalicylic acid label and 2.79 days for the chloronitroaniline label were calculated. From 0 to 3 DAT, niclosamide was first transformed into aminoniclosamide. Aminoniclosamide is readily formed, as it was observed in the chlorosalicylic acid label 0 DAT sampling. Several minor metabolites were observed in the water and sediment extracts. None of these metabolites were formed to a significant amount until the parent niclosamide dissipated below the detection limit. Two of the byproducts from these metabolism studies are polar unknowns eluting at 3 and 5 min by HPLC, similar to the unknowns observed in aqueous photolysis studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/jf0401524","issn":"00218561","usgsCitation":"Graebing, P., Chib, J., Hubert, T., and Gingerich, W., 2004, Metabolism of niclosamide in sediment and water systems: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 52, no. 19, p. 5924-5932, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0401524.","startPage":"5924","endPage":"5932","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208342,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0401524"},{"id":234023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5464e4b0c8380cd6cf7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graebing, P.W.","contributorId":37706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graebing","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chib, J.S.","contributorId":104018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chib","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubert, T.D.","contributorId":108066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gingerich, W.H.","contributorId":83481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027494,"text":"70027494 - 2004 - Evaluation of Field Measurements of the American Alligator for Use in Morphometric Studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70027494","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of Field Measurements of the American Alligator for Use in Morphometric Studies","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0018084X","usgsCitation":"Zweig, C.L., Mazzotti, F., Rice, K., Brandt, L., and Abercrombie, C., 2004, Evaluation of Field Measurements of the American Alligator for Use in Morphometric Studies: Herpetological Review, v. 35, no. 1, p. 43-44.","startPage":"43","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c12e4b0c8380cd52a12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zweig, Christa L.","contributorId":99767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zweig","given":"Christa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mazzotti, F.J.","contributorId":10136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rice, K.G. 0000-0001-8282-1088","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-1088","contributorId":41949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"K.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brandt, L.A.","contributorId":67690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abercrombie, C.L.","contributorId":35423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abercrombie","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026574,"text":"70026574 - 2004 - Adaptive bleaching: A general phenomenon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026574","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Adaptive bleaching: A general phenomenon","docAbstract":"Laboratory and field data bearing on the adaptive bleaching hypothesis (ABH) are largely consistent with it; no data of which we are aware refute it. We generalize the ABH in light of these data and observations. The population of zooxanthellae within an organism is dynamic, the diversity of zooxanthellae is both surprising and difficult to ascertain, and field experiments demonstrate both turn-over in zooxanthella types and habitat-holobiont correlations. Dynamic change in symbiont communities, and the idea of an equilibrium or optimal community that matches the environment at a particular place and time, are concepts that underlie or emerge from much of the recent literature. The mechanism we proposed to explain responses to acute bleaching appears to operate continuously, thereby enabling the host-symbiont holobiont to track even subtle environmental changes and respond promptly to them. These findings enhance the potential importance of the ABH in the outcomes of acute bleaching, which can (1) accelerate this process of holobiont change, and (2) change the set of possible trajectories for how symbiont communities might recover.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-004-2642-z","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Fautin, D., and Buddemeier, R., 2004, Adaptive bleaching: A general phenomenon, <i>in</i> Hydrobiologia, v. 530-531, p. 459-467, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-004-2642-z.","startPage":"459","endPage":"467","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208430,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-004-2642-z"},{"id":234171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"530-531","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6e3e4b0c8380cd476d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fautin, D.G.","contributorId":66029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fautin","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buddemeier, R. W.","contributorId":86492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buddemeier","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026572,"text":"70026572 - 2004 - Organochlorine pesticides and thiamine in eggs of largemouth bass and American alligators and their relationship with early life-stage mortality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-29T17:28:28.933232","indexId":"70026572","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine pesticides and thiamine in eggs of largemouth bass and American alligators and their relationship with early life-stage mortality","docAbstract":"<p>Thiamine deficiency has been linked to early mortality syndrome in salmonids in the Great Lakes. This study was conducted to compare thiamine concentrations in American alligators (<i>Alligator mississippiensis</i>) and Florida largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides floridanus</i>) eggs from sites with high embryo mortality and high exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) (Lakes Apopka and Griffin, and Emeralda Marsh, Florida, USA) to those from sites that have historically exhibited low embryo mortality and low OCPs (Lakes Woodruff and Orange, Florida). During June-July 2000, 20 alligator clutches were collected from these sites, artificially incubated, and monitored for embryo mortality. Thiamine and OCPs were measured in one egg/clutch. During February 2002, 10 adult female bass were collected from Emeralda Marsh and Lake Woodruff and mature ovaries analyzed for thiamine and OCP concentrations. Although ovaries from the Emeralda Marsh bass contained almost 1,000-fold more OCPs compared with the reference site, Lake Woodruff, there were no differences in thiamine concentrations between sites (11,710 vs. 11,857 pmol/g). In contrast, alligator eggs from the reference site had five times the amount of thiamine compared with the contaminated sites (3,123 vs. 617 pmol/g). Similarly, clutches with &gt; 55% hatch rates had significantly higher concentrations of thiamine compared with clutches with &lt;54% hatch rates (1,119 vs. 201 pmol/g). These results suggest that thiamine deficiency might be playing an important role in alligator embryo survival but not in reproductive failure and recruitment of largemouth bass. The cause(s) of this thiamine deficiency are unknown but might be related to differences in the nutritional value of prey items across the sites studied and/or to the presence of high concentration of contaminants in eggs.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-40.4.782","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, M.S., Wiebe, J., Honeyfield, D., Rauschenberger, H., Hinterkopf, J.P., Johnson, W., and Gross, T., 2004, Organochlorine pesticides and thiamine in eggs of largemouth bass and American alligators and their relationship with early life-stage mortality: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 40, no. 4, p. 782-786, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-40.4.782.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"782","endPage":"786","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488082,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":410059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rauschenberger, H.R.","contributorId":27669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rauschenberger","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hinterkopf, J. P.","contributorId":11145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinterkopf","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, W.E.","contributorId":33276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70026570,"text":"70026570 - 2004 - Seasonal movement of brown trout in the Clinch River, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026570","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal movement of brown trout in the Clinch River, Tennessee","docAbstract":"We used radiotelemetry to monitor the seasonal movements of trophy-size brown trout Salmo trutta in the Clinch River below Norris Dam, Tennessee, to determine whether establishing a special-regulation reach to reduce fishing mortality was a viable management option. Fifteen brown trout (size range, 430-573 mm total length) collected from the river were implanted with radio transmitters between November 1997 and May 1998. Forty-seven percent of these fish died or expelled their transmitters within 50 d postsurgery. The range of movement for surviving brown trout was significantly larger in fall (geometric mean range = 5,111 m) than in any other season. Four brown trout that were monitored for more than 1 year exhibited a limited range of movement (<2 km) during the winter, spring, and summer, but they made extensive movements (>5 km) during the fall season, presumably to spawn. Brown trout also moved more during the fall than in any other season. Harvest restrictions applied to a specific reach of the Clinch River would reduce the exploitation of brown trout in that reach for most of the year but not during the fall, when many fish undertake extensive spawning migrations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M03-144.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Bettinger, J., and Bettoli, P., 2004, Seasonal movement of brown trout in the Clinch River, Tennessee: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 24, no. 4, p. 1480-1485, https://doi.org/10.1577/M03-144.1.","startPage":"1480","endPage":"1485","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208404,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M03-144.1"},{"id":234133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88bde4b08c986b316b39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bettinger, J.M.","contributorId":96877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettinger","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bettoli, P.W.","contributorId":80606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettoli","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026569,"text":"70026569 - 2004 - Selective defecation and selective foraging: Antiparasite behavior in wild ungulates?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026569","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1589,"text":"Ethology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selective defecation and selective foraging: Antiparasite behavior in wild ungulates?","docAbstract":"Selective defecation and selective foraging are two potential antiparasite behaviors used by grazing ungulates to reduce infection by fecal-oral transmitted parasites. While there is some evidence that domestic species use these strategies, less is known about the occurrence and efficacy of these behaviors in wild ungulates. In this study, I examined whether wild antelope use selective defecation and selective foraging strategies to reduce exposure to gastrointestinal nematode parasites. By quantifying parasite levels in the environment in relation to the defecation patterns of three species, dik-dik (Madoqua kirkii), Grant's gazelle (Gazella granti), and impala (Aepyceros melampus), I found that nematode larval concentrations in pasture were higher in the vicinity of clusters of feces (dung middens) compared to single fecal pellet groups or dung-free areas. In addition, experimental feeding trials in free-ranging dik-dik showed that individuals selectively avoided feeding near concentrations of feces. Given that increased parasite contamination was found in the immediate vicinity of fecal clusters, fecal avoidance could help reduce host consumption of parasites and may therefore be an effective antiparasite behavior for certain species. On the other hand, while the concentration of parasite larvae in the vicinity of middens coupled with host avoidance of these areas during grazing could reduce host contact with parasites, results showing a positive correlation between the number of middens in a habitat and larval abundance at control sites suggest that dung middens might increase and not decrease overall host exposure to parasites. If this is the case, dung midden formation may not be a viable antiparasite strategy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ethology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0310.2004.01013.x","issn":"01791613","usgsCitation":"Ezenwa, V., 2004, Selective defecation and selective foraging: Antiparasite behavior in wild ungulates?: Ethology, v. 110, no. 11, p. 851-862, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2004.01013.x.","startPage":"851","endPage":"862","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498898,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2004.01013.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208376,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2004.01013.x"},{"id":234095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cdde4b08c986b31817f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ezenwa, V.O.","contributorId":80047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ezenwa","given":"V.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026568,"text":"70026568 - 2004 - Can site response be predicted?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T14:52:51.825125","indexId":"70026568","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2240,"text":"Journal of Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can site response be predicted?","docAbstract":"Large modifications of seismic waves are produced by variations of material properties near the Earth's surface and by both surface and buried topography. These modifications, usually referred to as \"site response\", in general lead to larger motions on soil sites than on rock-like sites. Because the soil amplifications can be as large as a factor of ten, they are important in engineering applications that require the quantitative specification of ground motions. This has been recognised for years by both seismologists and engineers, and it is hard to open an earthquake journal these days without finding an article on site response. What is often missing in these studies, however, are discussions of the uncertainty of the predicted response. A number of purely observational studies demonstrate that ground motions have large site-to-site variability for a single earthquake and large earthquake-location- dependent variability for a single site. This variability makes site-specific, earthquake-specific predictions of site response quite uncertain, even if detailed geotechnical and geological information is available near the site. Predictions of site response for average classes of sites exposed to the motions from many earthquakes can be made with much greater certainty if sufficient empirical observations are available.","language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/S1363246904001651","issn":"13632469","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., 2004, Can site response be predicted?: Journal of Earthquake Engineering, v. 8, no. 1S, p. 1-41, https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363246904001651.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1S","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f339e4b0c8380cd4b692","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026550,"text":"70026550 - 2004 - Sensitivity analysis of seismic hazard for the northwestern portion of the state of Gujarat, India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026550","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity analysis of seismic hazard for the northwestern portion of the state of Gujarat, India","docAbstract":"We test the sensitivity of seismic hazard to three fault source models for the northwestern portion of Gujarat, India. The models incorporate different characteristic earthquake magnitudes on three faults with individual recurrence intervals of either 800 or 1600 years. These recurrence intervals imply that large earthquakes occur on one of these faults every 266-533 years, similar to the rate of historic large earthquakes in this region during the past two centuries and for earthquakes in intraplate environments like the New Madrid region in the central United States. If one assumes a recurrence interval of 800 years for large earthquakes on each of three local faults, the peak ground accelerations (PGA; horizontal) and 1-Hz spectral acceleration ground motions (5% damping) are greater than 1 g over a broad region for a 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years' hazard level. These probabilistic PGAs at this hazard level are similar to median deterministic ground motions. The PGAs for 10% in 50 years' hazard level are considerably lower, generally ranging between 0.2 g and 0.7 g across northwestern Gujarat. Ground motions calculated from our models that consider fault interevent times of 800 years are considerably higher than other published models even though they imply similar recurrence intervals. These higher ground motions are mainly caused by the application of intraplate attenuation relations, which account for less severe attenuation of seismic waves when compared to the crustal interplate relations used in these previous studies. For sites in Bhuj and Ahmedabad, magnitude (M) 7 3/4 earthquakes contribute most to the PGA and the 0.2- and 1-s spectral acceleration ground motion maps at the two considered hazard levels. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2003.06.004","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M., Rastogi, B., Schweig, E., Harmsen, S.C., and Gomberg, J., 2004, Sensitivity analysis of seismic hazard for the northwestern portion of the state of Gujarat, India: Tectonophysics, v. 390, no. 1-4, p. 105-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2003.06.004.","startPage":"105","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208535,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2003.06.004"},{"id":234344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"390","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d24e4b08c986b31828f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, M.D.","contributorId":51319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petersen","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rastogi, B.K.","contributorId":23145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rastogi","given":"B.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schweig, E.S.","contributorId":34538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweig","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harmsen, S. C.","contributorId":59039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gomberg, J.S.","contributorId":102095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026548,"text":"70026548 - 2004 - Chemical constituents in the Peedee and Castle Hayne aquifers: Porters Neck area, New Hanover County, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T10:25:30","indexId":"70026548","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical constituents in the Peedee and Castle Hayne aquifers: Porters Neck area, New Hanover County, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Concerns about overuse and potential contamination of major aquifers in the southeastern part of North Carolina resulted in the initiation of a subsurface water quality study in February 2001. The focus of this study was to examine variations in nutrients (NO3-, TRP, SO42- Cl-, NH4+) and total dissolved Fe in the Cretaceous Peedee and Tertiary Castle Hayne Limestone aquifers of northeastern New Hanover County. Water samples were collected monthly for one year from sixteen wells located in the Porters Neck area (west of the Intracoastal Waterway and south of Futch Creek) and four springs located on the south side of Futch Creek. Variations in selective nutrient concentrations were measured between and within each aquifer. Concentrations of NH4+ and Fe increased in the Peedee sandstone aquifer during the warmer summer and early fall months. In late summer to early fall, Fe, NO 3-, NH4+, and TRP concentrations in the Castle Hayne Limestone aquifer were significantly higher than in the spring and winter months. Chloride and SO 42- concentrations for the Castle Hayne Limestone aquifer both increased during the warmer months, probably as a result of saltwater intrusion. Factors considered for nutrient and Fe variance include: temperature variation, anaerobic conditions, subsurface stratigraphy/structure, recharge locations, site location and surface fertilization. The shallower Castle Hayne Limestone aquifer showed seasonal variability in the study area, whereas the Peedee sandstone aquifer showed little to no seasonal variability. Increases in NO3- and TRP lagged slightly behind periods of high fertilization and were more prevalent down-dip of a major golf course. Nutrient content and seasonal variation of Futch Creek springs indicated that they originate from the Castle Hayne Limestone aquifer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Roberts, T., and Harris, W., 2004, Chemical constituents in the Peedee and Castle Hayne aquifers: Porters Neck area, New Hanover County, North Carolina: Southeastern Geology, v. 43, no. 2, p. 81-102.","startPage":"81","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"New Hanover County","otherGeospatial":"Porters Neck area","volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f56de4b0c8380cd4c20b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, T.L.","contributorId":93254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, W.B.","contributorId":6635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}