Earthquake prediction is inherently statistical. Although some people continue to think of earthquake prediction as the specification of the time, place, and magnitude of a future earthquake, it has been clear for at least two decades that this is an unrealistic and unreasonable definition. The reality is that earthquake prediction starts from long-term forecasts of place and magnitude, with very approximate time constraints, and progresses, at least in principle, to a gradual narrowing of the time window as data and understanding permit. The analogy to catching a rabbit in an overgrown confined field may be appropriate. You do not just start out looking for the rabbit, you instead build a fence dividing the field in two and then decide which half the rabbit is in, thereby gaining one bit of information. You iterate this process until you have located the rabbit “close enough for practical purposes.” This is approximately how earthquake prediction proceeds in the real world, with time and position along a fault comprising the two dimensions of the search. (I assume here that we are considering for the moment only large earthquakes, that is those capable of inflicting serious damage on a regional scale; in California this means events of about M 6.7 and larger.) This more realistic perspective on the problem lays to rest the “red herring” that “earthquake predictions might do more harm than earthquakes.” These imaginary concerns are predicated on the fantasy of a prediction that precisely specifies time, place, and magnitude; in the real world a progression of probabilities that narrows the space-time window in small steps clearly carries no such threat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.74.6.723","usgsCitation":"Lindh, A.G., 2003, The nature of earthquake prediction: Seismological Research Letters, v. 74, no. 6, p. 723-725, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.74.6.723.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"723","endPage":"725","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":412947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindh, Allan Goddard","contributorId":59798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindh","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"Goddard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":864135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69708,"text":"i2766 - 2003 - Geologic map of the Mount Trumbull 30' X 60' quadrangle, Mohave and Coconino Counties, northwestern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-14T18:33:04.692821","indexId":"i2766","displayToPublicDate":"2003-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2766","title":"Geologic map of the Mount Trumbull 30' X 60' quadrangle, Mohave and Coconino Counties, northwestern Arizona","docAbstract":"The geologic map of the Mount Trumbull 30' x 60' quadrangle is a cooperative product of the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Park Service, and the Bureau of Land Management that provides geologic map coverage and regional geologic information for visitor services and resource management of Grand Canyon National Park, Lake Mead Recreational Area, and Grand Canyon Parashant National Monument, Arizona. This map is a compilation of previous and new geologic mapping that encompasses the Mount Trumbull 30' x 60' quadrangle of Arizona.\n\n\n This digital database, a compilation of previous and new geologic mapping, contains geologic data used to produce the 100,000-scale Geologic Map of the Mount Trumbull 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Mohave and Coconino Counties, Northwestern Arizona. The geologic features that were mapped as part of this project include: geologic contacts and faults, bedrock and surficial geologic units, structural data, fold axes, karst features, mines, and volcanic features.\n\n This map was produced using 1:24,000-scale 1976 infrared aerial photographs followed by extensive field checking. Volcanic rocks were mapped as separate units when identified on aerial photographs as mappable and distinctly separate units associated with one or more pyroclastic cones and flows. Many of the Quaternary alluvial deposits that have similar lithology but different geomorphic characteristics were mapped almost entirely by photogeologic methods. Stratigraphic position and amount of erosional degradation were used to determine relative ages of alluvial deposits having similar lithologies. Each map unit and structure was investigated in detail in the field to ensure accuracy of description.\n\n Punch-registered mylar sheets were scanned at the Flagstaff Field Center using an Optronics 5040 raster scanner at a resolution of 50 microns (508 dpi). The scans were output in .rle format, converted to .rlc, and then converted to ARC/INFO grids. A tic file was created in geographic coordinates and projected into the base map projection (Polyconic) using a central meridian of -113.500. The tic file was used to transform the grid into Universal Transverse Mercator projection.\n\n The linework was vectorized using gridline. Scanned lines were edited interactively in ArcEdit. Polygons were attributed in ArcEdit and all artifacts and scanning errors visible at 1:100,000 were removed. Point data were digitized onscreen.\n\n Due to the discovery of digital and geologic errors on the original files, the ARC/INFO coverages were converted to a personal geodatabase and corrected in ArcMap. The feature classes which define the geologic units, lines and polygons, are topologically related and maintained in the geodatabase by a set of validation rules.\n\n The internal database structure and feature attributes were then modified to match other geologic map databases being created for the Grand Canyon region. Faults were edited with the downthrown block, if known, on the 'right side' of the line. The 'right' and 'left' sides of a line are determined from 'starting' at the line's 'from node' and moving to the line's end or 'to node'.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i2766","usgsCitation":"Billingsley, G.H., and Wellmeyer, J.L., 2003, Geologic map of the Mount Trumbull 30' X 60' quadrangle, Mohave and Coconino Counties, northwestern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2766, Report; 36 p.; 1 Plate: 38.50 × 54.51 inches: Database; Metadata; Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2766.","productDescription":"Report; 36 p.; 1 Plate: 38.50 × 54.51 inches: Database; Metadata; Readme","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":398741,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_62285.htm"},{"id":263760,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2766/mtr_shape.zip"},{"id":263759,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2766/mtr_db.zip"},{"id":263758,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2766/mtrmeta.txt"},{"id":263757,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2766/i2766_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":263756,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2766/mtrreadme.txt"},{"id":263755,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2766/i2766_map.pdf"},{"id":6379,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2766","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County, Mohave County","otherGeospatial":"Mount Trumbull 30' X 60' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,36 ], [ -114,36.5 ], [ -113,36.5 ], [ -113,36 ], [ -114,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2cd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Billingsley, George H.","contributorId":20711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billingsley","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wellmeyer, Jessica L.","contributorId":8177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellmeyer","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206086,"text":"70206086 - 2003 - Echinochiton dufoei, a new spiny Ordovician chiton","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-22T07:03:59","indexId":"70206086","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-21T12:06:19","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Echinochiton dufoei, a new spiny Ordovician chiton","docAbstract":"Echinochiton dufoei new genus and species is described from the Ordovician age Forreston Member, Grand Detour Formation (Blackriveran) near Beloit, Wisconsin. For a variety of reasons, we regard E. dufoei as a chiton; the species is known from four articulated or partially articulated specimens, one of which has eight plates and two of which have a mucro on the tail plate. Echinochiton dufoei differs from other chitons in having large hollow spines that project from each of the known plates. In plate shape and position, E. dufoei is much like the Upper Cambrian species Matthevia variabilis Walcott, 1885, and the Lower Ordovician species Chelodes whitehousei Runnegar, Pojeta, Taylor, and Collins (1979).
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0022336000044395","usgsCitation":"Pojeta, J., Eernisse, D.J., Hoare, R.D., and Henderson, M.D., 2003, Echinochiton dufoei, a new spiny Ordovician chiton: Journal of Paleontology, v. 77, no. 4, p. 646-654, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000044395.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"646","endPage":"654","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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D.","contributorId":219887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henderson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159930,"text":"70159930 - 2003 - Reproductive maturation and senescence in the female brown bear","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T16:38:28.751633","indexId":"70159930","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive maturation and senescence in the female brown bear","docAbstract":"Changes in age-specific reproductive rates can have important implications for managing populations, but the number of female brown (grizzly) bears (Ursus arctos) observed in any one study is usually inadequate to quantify such patterns, especially for older females and in hunted areas. We examined patterns of reproductive maturation and senescence in female brown bears by combining data from 20 study areas from Sweden, Alaska, Canada, and the continental United States. We assessed reproductive performance based on 4,726 radiocollared years for free-ranging female brown bears (age ≥3); 482 of these were for bears ≥20 years of age. We modeled age-specific probability of litter production using extreme value distributions to describe probabilities for young- and old-age classes, and a power distribution function to describe probabilities for prime-aged animals. We then fit 4 models to pooled observations from our 20 study areas. We used Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to select the best model. Inflection points suggest that major shifts in litter production occur at 4-5 and 28-29 years of age. The estimated model asymptote (0.332, 95% CI = 0.319-0.344) was consistent with the expected reproductive cycle of a cub litter every 3 years (0.333). We discuss assumptions and biases in data collection relative to the shape of the model curve. Our results conform to senescence theory and suggest that female age structure in contemporary brown bear populations is considerably younger than would be expected in the absence of modern man. This implies that selective pressures today differ from those that influenced brown bear evolution.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research & Management","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, C.C., Keating, K.A., Reynolds III, H., Barnes, V.G., Sellers, R.A., Swenson, J.E., Miller, S.D., McLellan, B.N., Keay, J.A., McCann, R., Gibeau, M., Wakkinen, W.F., Mace, R.D., Kasworm, W., Smith, R., and Herrero, S., 2003, Reproductive maturation and senescence in the female brown bear: Ursus, v. 14, no. 2, p. 109-119.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":383098,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3873012"}],"country":"Canada, Sweden, United States","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566175e0e4b06a3ea36c56e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":124574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5119,"text":"Retired from U.S. Geological Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keating, Kim A.","contributorId":44660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keating","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds III, Harry V.","contributorId":150230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds III","given":"Harry V.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnes, Victor G. Jr.","contributorId":95113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Victor","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":35655,"text":"Kodiak Brown Bear Trust, Westcliffe, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sellers, Richard A.","contributorId":150231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sellers","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swenson, J. E.","contributorId":45518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swenson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Miller, Sterling D.","contributorId":7205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Sterling","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McLellan, B. N.","contributorId":82929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLellan","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Keay, Jeffrey A. jkeay@usgs.gov","contributorId":331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keay","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkeay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":581128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McCann, Robert","contributorId":150232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCann","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Gibeau, Michael","contributorId":150233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibeau","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6658,"text":"Parks Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wakkinen, Wayne F.","contributorId":150234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wakkinen","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":16279,"text":"Idaho Department of Fish & Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Mace, Richard D.","contributorId":150235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mace","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5099,"text":"Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Kasworm, Wayne","contributorId":150237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kasworm","given":"Wayne","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Smith, Rodger","contributorId":150238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Rodger","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Herrero, Steven","contributorId":150239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrero","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16660,"text":"University of Calgary","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70197198,"text":"70197198 - 2003 - Typing mineral deposits using their grades and tonnages in an artificial neural network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-21T16:47:23","indexId":"70197198","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Typing mineral deposits using their grades and tonnages in an artificial neural network","docAbstract":"A test of the ability of a probabilistic neural network to classify deposits into types on the basis of deposit tonnage and average Cu, Mo, Ag, Au, Zn, and Pb grades is conducted. The purpose is to examine whether this type of system might serve as a basis for integrating geoscience information available in large mineral databases to classify sites by deposit type. Benefits of proper classification of many sites in large regions are relatively rapid identification of terranes permissive for deposit types and recognition of specific sites perhaps worthy of exploring further.
Total tonnages and average grades of 1,137 well-explored deposits identified in published grade and tonnage models representing 13 deposit types were used to train and test the network. Tonnages were transformed by logarithms and grades by square roots to reduce effects of skewness. All values were scaled by subtracting the variable's mean and dividing by its standard deviation. Half of the deposits were selected randomly to be used in training the probabilistic neural network and the other half were used for independent testing. Tests were performed with a probabilistic neural network employing a Gaussian kernel and separate sigma weights for each class (type) and each variable (grade or tonnage).
Deposit types were selected to challenge the neural network. For many types, tonnages or average grades are significantly different from other types, but individual deposits may plot in the grade and tonnage space of more than one type. Porphyry Cu, porphyry Cu-Au, and porphyry Cu-Mo types have similar tonnages and relatively small differences in grades. Redbed Cu deposits typically have tonnages that could be confused with porphyry Cu deposits, also contain Cu and, in some situations, Ag. Cyprus and kuroko massive sulfide types have about the same tonnages. Cu, Zn, Ag, and Au grades. Polymetallic vein, sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb, and Zn-Pb skarn types contain many of the same metals. Sediment-hosted Au, Comstock Au-Ag, and low-sulfide Au-quartz vein types are principally Au deposits with differing amounts of Ag.
Given the intent to test the neural network under the most difficult conditions, an overall 75% agreement between the experts and the neural network is considered excellent. Among the largestclassification errors are skarn Zn-Pb and Cyprus massive sulfide deposits classed by the neuralnetwork as kuroko massive sulfides—24 and 63% error respectively. Other large errors are the classification of 92% of porphyry Cu-Mo as porphyry Cu deposits. Most of the larger classification errors involve 25 or fewer training deposits, suggesting that some errors might be the result of small sample size. About 91% of the gold deposit types were classed properly and 98% of porphyry Cu deposits were classes as some type of porphyry Cu deposit. An experienced economic geologist would not make many of the classification errors that were made by the neural network because the geologic settings of deposits would be used to reduce errors. In a separate test, the probabilistic neural network correctly classed 93% of 336 deposits in eight deposit types when trained with presence or absence of 58 minerals and six generalized rock types. The overall success rate of the probabilistic neural network when trained on tonnage and average grades would probably be more than 90% with additional information on the presence of a few rock types.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1025128021384","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., and Kouda, R., 2003, Typing mineral deposits using their grades and tonnages in an artificial neural network: Natural Resources Research, v. 12, no. 3, p. 201-208, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025128021384.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"208","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b158505e4b092d9651e2115","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":735971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kouda, Ryoichi","contributorId":198036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kouda","given":"Ryoichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70122911,"text":"70122911 - 2003 - Giant submarine canyons: Is size any clue to their importance in the rock record?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T10:35:59","indexId":"70122911","displayToPublicDate":"2003-08-29T10:40:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Giant submarine canyons: Is size any clue to their importance in the rock record?","docAbstract":"Submarine canyons are the most important conduits for funneling sediment from continents to oceans. Submarine canyons, however, are zones of sediment bypassing, and little sediment accumulates in the canyon until it ceases to be an active conduit. To understand the potential importance in the rock record of any given submarine canyon, it is necessary to understand sediment-transport processes in, as well as knowledge of, deep-sea turbidite and related deposits that moved through the canyons. There is no straightforward correlation between the final volume of the sedimentary deposits and size of the associated submarine canyons. Comparison of selected modern submarine canyons together with their deposits emphasizes the wide range of scale differences between canyons and their impact on the rock record.
Three of the largest submarine canyons in the world are incised into the Beringian (North American) margin of the Bering Sea. Zhemchug Canyon has the largest cross-section at the shelf break and greatest volume of incision of slope and shelf. The Bering Canyon, which is farther south in the Bering Sea, is first in length and total area. In contrast, the largest submarine fans-e.g., Bengal, Indus, and Amazon-have substantially smaller, delta-front submarine canyons that feed them; their submarine drainage areas are one-third to less than one-tenth the area of Bering Canyon. some very large deep-sea channels and tubidite deposits are not even associated with a significant submarine canyon; examples include Horizon Channel in the northeast Pacific and Laurentian Fan Valley in the North Atlantic. Available data suggest that the size of turbidity currents (as determined by volume of sediment transported to the basins) is also not a reliable indicator of submarine canyon size.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2370-1.175","usgsCitation":"Normark, W.R., and Carlson, P.R., 2003, Giant submarine canyons: Is size any clue to their importance in the rock record?: GSA Special Papers, v. 370, p. 175-190, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2370-1.175.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"190","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293186,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"370","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540193c7e4b0ae951d960610","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Normark, William R.","contributorId":69570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Paul R.","contributorId":81469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70122709,"text":"70122709 - 2003 - Pathogenic human viruses in coastal waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T13:40:52","indexId":"70122709","displayToPublicDate":"2003-08-27T13:34:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1255,"text":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathogenic human viruses in coastal waters","docAbstract":"This review addresses both historical and recent investigations into viral contamination of marine waters. With the relatively recent emergence of molecular biology-based assays, a number of investigations have shown that pathogenic viruses are prevalent in marine waters being impacted by sewage. Research has shown that this group of fecal-oral viral pathogens (enteroviruses, hepatitis A viruses, Norwalk viruses, reoviruses, adenoviruses, rotaviruses, etc.) can cause a broad range of asymptomatic to severe gastrointestinal, respiratory, and eye, nose, ear, and skin infections in people exposed through recreational use of the water. The viruses and the nucleic acid signature survive for an extended period in the marine environment. One of the primary concerns of public health officials is the relationship between the presence of pathogens and the recreational risk to human health in polluted marine environments. While a number of studies have attempted to address this issue, the relationship is still poorly understood. A contributing factor to our lack of progress in the field has been the lack of sensitive methods to detect the broad range of both bacterial and viral pathogens. The application of new and advanced molecular methods will continue to contribute to our current state of knowledge in this emerging and","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/CMR.16.1.129-143.2003","usgsCitation":"Griffin, D.W., Donaldson, K.A., Paul, J., and Rose, J.B., 2003, Pathogenic human viruses in coastal waters: Clinical Microbiology Reviews, v. 16, no. 1, p. 129-143, https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.16.1.129-143.2003.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"143","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/145303","text":"External Repository"},{"id":293131,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293130,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.16.1.129-143.2003"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fef0e6e4b01f35f8fd6a0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donaldson, Kim A.","contributorId":89810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donaldson","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paul, J.H.","contributorId":62798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rose, Joan B.","contributorId":81791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70200802,"text":"70200802 - 2003 - Orogenic tectonism on Io","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T16:28:43","indexId":"70200802","displayToPublicDate":"2003-08-19T16:27:44","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Orogenic tectonism on Io","docAbstract":"We catalog 143 Ionian mountains (montes) and mountain‐like features (mensae, tholi, plana, and small peaks) in order to investigate orogenic tectonism on Io. From this comprehensive list, we select 96 mountains for which there are sufficient coverage and resolution to discern spatial relationships with surrounding geologic features. Three of the 96 mountains are probably volcanoes, 92 appear to be tectonic massifs, and 1 is ambiguous. Of the 92 tectonic mountains, 38 abut paterae (volcanic or volcano‐tectonic craters with irregular or scalloped margins). This juxtaposition is unlikely to be a coincidence as the probability of it occurring by chance is ∼0.1%. We propose instead that orogenic faults may act as conduits for magma ascent, thus fueling patera formation near mountains. As resurfacing buries a shell of material from Io's surface to the base of the lithosphere, its effective radius is reduced and it heats up. We calculate the lithospheric volume change due to subsidence and thermal expansion as a function of lithospheric thickness. Conservation of volume dictates that this material must be uplifted at Io's surface. By estimating the total volume of the mountains, we are able to place a lower limit of 12 km on Io's lithospheric thickness. We hypothesize that, in some cases, mountain formation may be facilitated by asthenospheric diapirs impinging on the base of the lithosphere. The resulting lithospheric swell could focus the compressive stresses that drive orogenic tectonism. This model is one of several possible mechanisms for uplifting isolated mountains such as are observed on Io.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002JE001946","usgsCitation":"Jaeger, W.L., Turtle, E.P., Keszthelyi, L., Radebaugh, J., McEwen, A., and Pappalardo, R.T., 2003, Orogenic tectonism on Io: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 108, no. E8, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JE001946.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002je001946","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"E8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10ec84e4b034bf6a803753","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaeger, Windy L.","contributorId":61679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Windy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turtle, Elizabeth P.","contributorId":45443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turtle","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Radebaugh, Jani","contributorId":101792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radebaugh","given":"Jani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McEwen, A.S.","contributorId":202347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pappalardo, Robert T.","contributorId":102380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pappalardo","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70199734,"text":"70199734 - 2003 - Channel response to tectonic forcing: field analysis of stream morphology and hydrology in the Mendocino triple junction region, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T13:34:11","indexId":"70199734","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T13:33:21","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel response to tectonic forcing: field analysis of stream morphology and hydrology in the Mendocino triple junction region, northern California","docAbstract":"An empirical calibration of the shear stress model for bedrock incision is presented, using field and hydrologic data from a series of small, coastal drainage basins near the Mendocino triple junction in northern California. Previous work comparing basins from the high uplift zone (HUZ, uplift rates around 4 mm/year) to ones in the low uplift zone (LUZ, ∼0.5 mm/year) indicates that the HUZ channels are about twice as steep for a given drainage area. This observation suggests that incision processes are more effective in the HUZ. It motivates a detailed field study of channel morphology in the differing tectonic settings to test whether various factors that are hypothesized to influence incision rates (discharge, channel width, lithology, sediment load) change in response to uplift or otherwise differ between the HUZ and LUZ. Analysis of regional stream gaging data for mean annual discharge and individual floods yields a linear relationship between discharge and drainage area. Increased orographic precipitation in the HUZ accounts for about a twofold increase in discharge in this area, corresponding to an assumed increase in the erosional efficiency of the streams. Field measurements of channel width indicate a power-law relationship between width and drainage area with an exponent of ∼0.4 and no significant change in width between the uplift rate zones, although interpretation is hampered by a difference in land use between the zones. The HUZ channel width dataset reveals a scaling break interpreted to be the transition between colluvial- and fluvial-dominated incision processes. Assessments of lithologic resistance using a Schmidt hammer and joint surveys show that the rocks of the study area should be fairly similar in their susceptibility to erosion. The HUZ channels generally have more exposed bedrock than those in the LUZ, which is consistent with protection by sediment cover inhibiting incision in the LUZ. However, this difference is likely the result of a recent pulse of sediment due to land use in the LUZ. Therefore, the role of sediment flux in setting incision rates cannot be constrained with any certainty. To summarize, of the four response mechanisms analyzed, the only factor that demonstrably varies between uplift rate zones is discharge, although this change is likely insufficient to explain the relationship between channel slope and uplift rate. The calibrated model allows us to make a prediction of channel concavity that is consistent with a previous estimate from slope–drainage area data. We show that the inclusion of nonzero values of critical shear stress in the model has important implications for the theoretical relationship between steady-state slope and uplift rate and might provide an explanation for the observations. This analysis underscores the importance of further work to constrain quantitatively threshold shear stress for bedrock incision.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00349-5","usgsCitation":"Snyder, N.P., Whipple, K.X., Tucker, G., and Merritts, D., 2003, Channel response to tectonic forcing: field analysis of stream morphology and hydrology in the Mendocino triple junction region, northern California: Geomorphology, v. 53, no. 1-2, p. 97-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00349-5.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"127","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357789,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mendocino triple junction region","volume":"53","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10ecabe4b034bf6a803822","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Noah P.","contributorId":198029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whipple, Kelin X.","contributorId":138503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whipple","given":"Kelin","email":"","middleInitial":"X.","affiliations":[{"id":12431,"text":"ASU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, Gregory E.","contributorId":39280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Gregory E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Merritts, D.J.","contributorId":73766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritts","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70240655,"text":"70240655 - 2003 - EarthScoping the inner workings of magmatic systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-10T16:46:07.10104","indexId":"70240655","displayToPublicDate":"2003-06-01T10:25:28","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"EarthScoping the inner workings of magmatic systems","docAbstract":"In the shadow of one of the world's great volcanic systems, an intensive 3-day workshop was undertaken to work toward developing a scientific plan for the magmatic systems component of the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF) EarthScope Initiative. This NSF-sponsored workshop was designed to provide direction to the EarthScope planning committee and the NSF in developing scientific, technical, deployment, and management decisions related to the magmatic systems component of EarthScope. The meeting featured a mixture of oral and poster scientific sessions, breakout group and plenary discussions, and a field trip to examine one of the targets of the EarthScope magmatic science research plan: Mount St. Helens.
The 60 participants represented a broad cross-section of the volcanology community including geologists, geophysicists, geodesists, penologists, and geochemists. Details on the meeting plan can be viewed at http://www. unavco.net/earthscope.asp.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003EO250004","usgsCitation":"Hamburger, M.W., McNutt, S., Dzurisin, D., Fink, J., Hill, D.P., Meertens, C., Newhall, C., Owen, S., and Power, J.A., 2003, EarthScoping the inner workings of magmatic systems: Eos Science News, v. 84, no. 25, p. 235-236, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003EO250004.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"236","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003eo250004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":412963,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamburger, Michael W 0000-0001-6750-7621","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6750-7621","contributorId":228997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamburger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":37145,"text":"Indiana University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":864142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNutt, Stephen","contributorId":168657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNutt","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":864143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":864144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fink, Jonathan","contributorId":58456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fink","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":864145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hill, David P. 0000-0002-1619-2006 dhill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1619-2006","contributorId":206752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","email":"dhill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":864146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meertens, Charles","contributorId":28333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meertens","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":864147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Newhall, Chris","contributorId":9417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":864148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Owen, Susan","contributorId":29004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":864149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":864150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":51416,"text":"ofr03205 - 2003 - Preliminary northeast Asia geodynamics map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T14:07:52.737016","indexId":"ofr03205","displayToPublicDate":"2003-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-205","title":"Preliminary northeast Asia geodynamics map","docAbstract":"This map portrays the geodynamics of Northeast Asia at a scale of 1:5,000,000 using the concepts of plate tectonics and analysis of terranes and overlap assemblages. The map is the result of a detailed compilation and synthesis at 5 million scale and is part of a major international collaborative study of the Mineral Resources, Metallogenesis, and Tectonics of Northeast Asia conducted from 1997 through 2002 by geologists from earth science agencies and universities in Russia, Mongolia, Northeastern China, South Korea, Japan, and the USA.
\nThis map is the result of extensive geologic mapping and associated tectonic studies in Northeast Asia in the last few decades and is the first collaborative compilation of the geology of the region at a scale of 1:5,000,000 by geologists from Russia, Mongolia, Northeastern China, South Korea, Japan, and the USA. The map was compiled by a large group of international geologists using the below concepts and definitions during collaborative workshops over a six-year period. The map is a major new compilation and re-interpretation of pre-existing geologic maps of the region. The map is designed to be used for several purposes, including regional tectonic analyses, mineral resource and metallogenic analysis, petroleum resource analysis, neotectonic analysis, and analysis of seismic hazards and volcanic hazards.
\nThe map consists of two sheets. Sheet 1 displays the map at a scale of 1:5,000,000, explanation. Sheet 2 displays the introduction, list of map units, and source references. Detailed descriptions of map units and stratigraphic columns are being published separately.
\nThis map is one of a series of publications on the mineral resources, metallogenesis, and geodynamics,of Northeast Asia. Companion studies and other articles and maps , and various detailed reports are: (1) a compilation of major mineral deposit models (Rodionov and Nokleberg, 2000; Rodionov and others, 2000; Obolenskiy and others, in press a); (2) a series of metallogenic belt maps (Obolenskiy and others, 2001; in press b); (3) a lode mineral deposits and placer districts location map for Northeast Asia (Ariunbileg and others, in press b); (4) descriptions of metallogenic belts (Rodionov and others, in press); and (5) a database on significant metalliferous and selected nonmetalliferous lode deposits, and selected placer districts (Ariunbileg and others, in press a).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03205","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with Russian Academy of Sciences, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Jilin University, Korean Institute of Geoscience and Minerals, Geological Survey of Japan/AIST","usgsCitation":"Parfenov, L., Khanchuk, A.I., Badarch, G., Miller, R.J., Naumova, V., Nokleberg, W.J., Ogasawara, M., Prokopiev, A.V., and Yan, H., 2003, Preliminary northeast Asia geodynamics map: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-205, 2 Sheets: PDF, 48.0 x 48.0 inches and 30.0 x 40.0 inches; 2 Sheets: EPS, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03205.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: PDF, 48.0 x 48.0 inches and 30.0 x 40.0 inches; 2 Sheets: EPS","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179677,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03205.jpg"},{"id":285693,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0205/sheet2.eps"},{"id":4431,"rank":6,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0205/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285690,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0205/pdf/sheet1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285691,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0205/pdf/sheet2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285692,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0205/sheet1.eps"}],"scale":"5000000","projection":"Lambert Azimuthal equal-area projection","country":"China, Japan, Mongolia, Russia, South Korea","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 75.0,30.0 ], [ 75.0,82.0 ], [ 144.0,82.0 ], [ 144.0,30.0 ], [ 75.0,30.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cd86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parfenov, Leonid M.","contributorId":45385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parfenov","given":"Leonid M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Khanchuk, Alexander I.","contributorId":19585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khanchuk","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Badarch, Gombosuren","contributorId":6940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Badarch","given":"Gombosuren","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Robert J. rjmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":2516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robert","email":"rjmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Naumova, Vera V.","contributorId":98388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naumova","given":"Vera V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ogasawara, Masatsugu","contributorId":17638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogasawara","given":"Masatsugu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Prokopiev, Andrei V.","contributorId":20825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prokopiev","given":"Andrei","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Yan, Hongquan","contributorId":81559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yan","given":"Hongquan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70161946,"text":"70161946 - 2003 - Uncertainty in spatially explicit animal dispersal models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T10:09:05","indexId":"70161946","displayToPublicDate":"2003-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty in spatially explicit animal dispersal models","docAbstract":"
Uncertainty in estimates of survival of dispersing animals is a vexing difficulty in conservation biology. The current notion is that this uncertainty decreases the usefulness of spatially explicit population models in particular. We examined this problem by comparing dispersal models of three levels of complexity: (1) an event-based binomial model that considers only the occurrence of mortality or arrival, (2) a temporally explicit exponential model that employs mortality and arrival rates, and (3) a spatially explicit grid-walk model that simulates the movement of animals through an artificial landscape. Each model was fitted to the same set of field data. A first objective of the paper is to illustrate how the maximum-likelihood method can be used in all three cases to estimate the means and confidence limits for the relevant model parameters, given a particular set of data on dispersal survival. Using this framework we show that the structure of the uncertainty for all three models is strikingly similar. In fact, the results of our unified approach imply that spatially explicit dispersal models, which take advantage of information on landscape details, suffer less from uncertainly than do simpler models. Moreover, we show that the proposed strategy of model development safeguards one from error propagation in these more complex models. Finally, our approach shows that all models related to animal dispersal, ranging from simple to complex, can be related in a hierarchical fashion, so that the various approaches to modeling such dispersal can be viewed from a unified perspective.
There is a global concern about the increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. One method being discussed to encourage greenhouse gas mitigation efforts is based on a trading system whereby carbon emitters can buy effective mitigation efforts from farmers implementing conservation tillage practices. These practices sequester carbon from the atmosphere, and such a trading system would require a low-cost and accurate method of verification. Remote sensing technology can offer such a verification technique. This paper is focused on the use of standard image processing procedures applied to a multispectral Ikonos image, to determine whether it is possible to validate that farmers have complied with agreements to implement conservation tillage practices. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed in order to isolate image variance in cropped fields. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) statistical procedures were used to evaluate the capability of each Ikonos band and each principal component to discriminate between conventional and conservation tillage practices. A logistic regression model was implemented on the principal component most effective in discriminating between conventional and conservation tillage, in order to produce a map of the probability of conventional tillage. The Ikonos imagery, in combination with ground-reference information, proved to be a useful tool for verification of conservation tillage practices.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.69.5.537","usgsCitation":"Vina, A., Peters, A.J., and Ji, L., 2003, Use of multispectral Ikonos imagery for discriminating between conventional and conservation agricultural tillage practices: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 69, no. 5, p. 537-544, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.69.5.537.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"544","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.69.5.537","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310590,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562b5a38e4b00162522207f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vina, Andres","contributorId":149390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vina","given":"Andres","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, Albert J.","contributorId":92517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":2832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178301,"text":"70178301 - 2003 - Methods for capturing and banding Kalij Pheasants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:05:59","indexId":"70178301","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods for capturing and banding Kalij Pheasants","docAbstract":"We developed methods to capture and band Kalij Pheasants (Lophura leucomelanos) in their introduced range at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, where they are not hunted and are relatively tame. Kalij were wary of foreign structures, such as traps, but readily took cracked corn bait and entered baited traps, provided they were introduced to them gradually. The majority of Kalij on the study site (53 of 64 birds) were captured using three trap designs: open-door trap, large box trap with hinged door, and drop trap. While the open-door trap was more mobile and easily set up in cramped forest spaces, only groups of as many as five birds could be captured at a time. The large, more cumber-some box traps captured groups of up to eight birds, whereas drop traps successfully captured only one bird at a time. Females were more difficult to capture than males. Band size was 7A for males and 6 for females.
","language":"English","publisher":"Eastern Bird Banding Association","publisherLocation":"Cave Creek, AZ","usgsCitation":"Vetter, J.P., 2003, Methods for capturing and banding Kalij Pheasants: North American Bird Bander, v. 28, p. 111-116.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"116","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hawaii Volcanoes National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.511474609375,\n 19.19186565046399\n ],\n [\n -155.511474609375,\n 19.566260216761517\n ],\n [\n -155.0006103515625,\n 19.566260216761517\n ],\n [\n -155.0006103515625,\n 19.19186565046399\n ],\n [\n -155.511474609375,\n 19.19186565046399\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58259562e4b01fad86db2421","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vetter, John P.","contributorId":88568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vetter","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202247,"text":"70202247 - 2003 - Hydrothermal alteration at the Lonar Lake impact structure, India: Implications for impact cratering on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-18T09:37:33","indexId":"70202247","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T09:35:37","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2715,"text":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal alteration at the Lonar Lake impact structure, India: Implications for impact cratering on Mars","docAbstract":"The 50,000 year old, 1.8 km diameter Lonar crater is one of only two known terrestrial craters to be emplaced in basaltic target rock (the 65 million year old Deccan Traps). The composition of the Lonar basalts is similar to martian basaltic meteorites, which establishes Lonar as an excellent analogue for similarly sized craters on the surface of Mars. Samples from cores drilled into the Lonar crater floor show that there are basaltic impact breccias that have been altered by post‐impact hydrothermal processes to produce an assemblage of secondary alteration minerals. Microprobe data and X‐ray diffraction analyses show that the alteration mineral assemblage consists primarily of saponite, with minor celadonite, and carbonate. Thermodynamic modeling and terrestrial volcanic analogues were used to demonstrate that these clay minerals formed at temperatures between 130°C and 200°C. By comparing the Lonar alteration assemblage with alteration at other terrestrial craters, we conclude that the Lonar crater represents a lower size limit for impact‐induced hydrothermal activity. Based on these results, we suggest that similarly sized craters on Mars have the potential to form hydrothermal systems, as long as liquid water was present on or near the martian surface. Furthermore, the Fe‐rich alteration minerals produced by post‐impact hydrothermal processes could contribute to the minor iron enrichment associated with the formation of the martian soil.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Meteoritical Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1945-5100.2003.tb00272.x","usgsCitation":"Hagerty, J., and Newsom, H.E., 2003, Hydrothermal alteration at the Lonar Lake impact structure, India: Implications for impact cratering on Mars: Meteoritics and Planetary Science, v. 38, no. 3, p. 365-381, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2003.tb00272.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"381","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361314,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","otherGeospatial":"Lonar Lake; Mars","volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagerty, Justin 0000-0003-3800-7948 jhagerty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-7948","contributorId":911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagerty","given":"Justin","email":"jhagerty@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newsom, Horton E.","contributorId":67689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newsom","given":"Horton","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13339,"text":"University of New Mexico, Albuquerque","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202122,"text":"70202122 - 2003 - Compositional analyses of lunar pyroclastic deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T13:03:50","indexId":"70202122","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T13:02:10","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositional analyses of lunar pyroclastic deposits","docAbstract":"The 5-band Clementine UVVIS data at ∼100 m/pixel were used to examine the compositions of 75 large and small lunar pyroclastic deposits (LPDs), and these were compared to representative lunar maria and highlands deposits. Results show that the albedo, spectral color, and inferred composition of most LPDs are similar to those of low-titanium, mature lunar maria. These LPDs may have consisted largely of fragmented basalt, with substantial components of iron-bearing mafic minerals (pyroxenes, olivine) and smaller amounts (if any) of volcanic glass. Several smaller LPDs also show substantial highland components. Three classes of very large deposits can be distinguished from most LPDs and from each other on the basis of crystallinity and possible titanium content of their pyroclastic components. One class has spectral properties that are dominated by high-titanium, crystallized “black beads” (e.g., Taurus–Littrow), a second consists of a mixture of high-titanium glasses and beads with a higher glass/bead ratio (Sulpicius Gallus) than that of Taurus–Littrow, and a third has a significant component of quenched iron-bearing volcanic glasses (Aristarchus) with possible moderate titanium contents. Although areally extensive, these three classes of very large pyroclastic deposits compose only 20 of the 75 deposits studied (∼27%), and eruption of such materials was thus likely to have been less frequent on the Moon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0019-1035(02)00036-2","usgsCitation":"Gaddis, L.R., Staid, M.I., Tyburczy, J.A., Hawke, B.R., and Petro, N.E., 2003, Compositional analyses of lunar pyroclastic deposits: Icarus, v. 161, no. 2, p. 262-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-1035(02)00036-2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"262","endPage":"280","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"161","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Staid, Matthew I.","contributorId":79761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staid","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tyburczy, James A.","contributorId":213119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tyburczy","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hawke, B. Ray","contributorId":76570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawke","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petro, Noah E.","contributorId":193909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petro","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70235701,"text":"70235701 - 2003 - Guidelines for finding nests of passerine birds in tallgrass prairie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T19:51:20.966845","indexId":"70235701","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T15:50:58","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Guidelines for finding nests of passerine birds in tallgrass prairie","docAbstract":"The productivity of birds is one of the most critical components of their natural history affected by habitat quality. Birds might occur at high densities in a given habitat patch but have low nesting success. Such \"population sinks\" would not be detected if observers relied solely on estimates of bird density. Therefore, it is essential to monitor nests and determine their outcomes. Although interest in grassland-nesting passerines has increased greatly during the last decade, we still know little about factors affecting their nesting success. To stimulate more research in this area, we summarize several methods for nest-searching and provide suggestions for optimizing its success in tall grass prairie. As a case study, we provide some data from a study on grassland-nesting birds in the northern tallgrass prairie.
","language":"English","publisher":"Great Plains Natural Science Society","usgsCitation":"Winter, M., Hawks, S.E., Shaffer, J.A., and Johnson, D.H., 2003, Guidelines for finding nests of passerine birds in tallgrass prairie: Prairie Naturalist, v. 35, no. 3, p. 197-211.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"211","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405158,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsnpwrc/160/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Maiken","contributorId":174790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winter","given":"Maiken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawks, Shawn E.","contributorId":295249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawks","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":33353,"text":"University of Minnesota, Crookston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaffer, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708 jshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":3184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Jill","email":"jshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70142157,"text":"70142157 - 2003 - A special issue devoted to gold deposits in northern Nevada: Part 2. Carlin-type Deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-02T11:37:04","indexId":"70142157","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A special issue devoted to gold deposits in northern Nevada: Part 2. Carlin-type Deposits","docAbstract":"This is the second of two special issues of Economic Geology devoted to gold deposits in northern Nevada. Readers interested in a general overview of these deposits, their economic significance, their context within the tectonic evolution of the region, and synoptic references on each gold deposit type are directed to the preface of the first special issue (John et al., 2003). Volume 98, issue 2, contains five papers that address regional aspects important to the genesis of gold deposits in northern Nevada and five papers that present detailed studies of epithermal deposits and districts. All of the regional papers are pertinent to Carlin-type gold deposits, because they address the age of mineralization (Arehart et al., 2003), origin and evolutionary history of the northwest-striking mineral belts that localize many deposits (Grauch et al., 2003), nature of the middle and lower crust below these mineral belts (Howard, 2003), district- to deposit-scale stream sediment and lithogeochemical anomalies (Theodore et al., 2003), and stratigraphy and structure of a district located along a northeast-striking lineament (Peters et al., 2003).
\nThe nine papers in this second special issue focus on an array of problems pertinent to genetic and exploration models for Carlin-type deposits in northern Nevada (Fig. 1). These investigations sort out and characterize the sequence of deformational, igneous, and hydrothermal events in mining districts, constrain the age of mineralization, map paleothermal gradients, identify structures and lithologies that are preferentially mineralized, ascertain processes of ore formation, determine sources of ore fluid components, and define fluid flow paths.
\nA common theme among these papers is inheritance, whereby older features in the mineral belts influence ore formation in subsequent Carlin-type hydrothermal systems. Three types of inheritance are inferred by one or more of these investigations: (1) structural inheritance, where older faults are reactivated during subsequent contractional and/or extensional tectonic events producing permeable fracture systems that focused flow of ore fluids; (2) alteration inheritance, where one or more preore alteration events produced reactive host rocks that are preferentially mineralized; and (3) geochemical inheritance, in which Au and other elements are recycled from older mineralization into younger Carlin-type deposits.
\nDespite the similar age, tectonic setting, alteration types, mineral parageneses, and geochemical signatures of the deposits studied, these papers do not lead to consensus regarding genetic models for Carlin-type deposits. Rather, the separate investigations by different workers, utilizing both similar and unlike approaches, result in markedly different conclusions. Some of this disparity probably is due to real differences in the origin of different districts; however, the opposing conclusions arrived at by investigations on neighboring deposits in a single district are more problematic and most likely are due to difficulties resulting from the superposition of different types and ages of gold mineralization or to substantial variations in the hydrology and proportions of fluid components derived from deep and shallow sources in each deposit. Further work is needed to validate and understand the significance of these differences.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","publisherLocation":"Lancaster, PA","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.98.6.1063","usgsCitation":"Hofstra, A.H., John, D.A., and Theodore, T., 2003, A special issue devoted to gold deposits in northern Nevada: Part 2. Carlin-type Deposits: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 6, p. 1063-1067, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.6.1063.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1063","endPage":"1067","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":298202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.03662109374999,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -120.08056640625,\n 39.07890809706475\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 34.97600151317591\n ],\n [\n -114.49951171875,\n 35.35321610123821\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 36.03133177633187\n ],\n [\n -113.92822265625,\n 36.03133177633187\n ],\n [\n -114.0380859375,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -120.03662109374999,\n 41.983994270935625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f597bae4b02419550d2f39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Theodore, Ted G.","contributorId":57840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodore","given":"Ted G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026004,"text":"70026004 - 2003 - Modelling hydrologic responses in a small forested catchment (Panola Mountain, Georgia, USA): A comparison of the original and a new dynamic TOPMODEL","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026004","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling hydrologic responses in a small forested catchment (Panola Mountain, Georgia, USA): A comparison of the original and a new dynamic TOPMODEL","docAbstract":"Preliminary modelling results for a new version of the rainfall-runoff model TOPMODEL, dynamic TOPMODEL, are compared with those of the original TOPMODEL formulation for predicting streamflow at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia. Dynamic TOPMODEL uses a kinematic wave routing of subsurface flow, which allows for dynamically variable upslope contributing areas, while retaining the concept of hydrological similarity to increase computational efficiency. Model performance in predicting discharge was assessed for the original TOPMODEL and for one landscape unit (LU) and three LU versions of the dynamic TOPMODEL (a bare rock area, hillslope with regolith <1 m, and a riparian zone with regolith ???5 m). All simulations used a 30 min time step for each of three water years. Each 1-LU model underpredicted the peak streamflow, and generally overpredicted recession streamflow during wet periods and underpredicted during dry periods. The difference between predicted recession streamflow generally was less for the dynamic TOPMODEL and smallest for the 3-LU model. Bayesian combination of results for different water years within the GLUE methodology left no behavioural original or 1-LU dynamic models and only 168 (of 96 000 sample parameter sets) for the 3-LU model. The efficiency for the streamflow prediction of the best 3-LU model was 0.83 for an individual year, but the results suggest that further improvements could be made. ?? 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1128","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., Freer, J., and Beven, K., 2003, Modelling hydrologic responses in a small forested catchment (Panola Mountain, Georgia, USA): A comparison of the original and a new dynamic TOPMODEL: Hydrological Processes, v. 17, no. 2, p. 345-362, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1128.","startPage":"345","endPage":"362","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208694,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1128"},{"id":234616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c6be4b0c8380cd6fca2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freer, J.","contributorId":61975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freer","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beven, K.","contributorId":25320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beven","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015312,"text":"1015312 - 2003 - Beaver herbivory and its effect on cottonwood trees: Influence of flooding along matched regulated and unregulated rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T20:09:21","indexId":"1015312","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beaver herbivory and its effect on cottonwood trees: Influence of flooding along matched regulated and unregulated rivers","docAbstract":"We compared beaver (Castor canadensis) foraging patterns on Fremont cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. wislizenii) saplings and the probability of saplings being cut on a 10 km reach of the flow-regulated Green River and a 8.6 km reach of the free-flowing Yampa River in northwestern Colorado. We measured the abundance and density of cottonwood on each reach and followed the fates of individually marked saplings in three patches of cottonwood on the Yampa River and two patches on the Green River. Two natural floods on the Yampa River and one controlled flood on the Green River between May 1998 and November 1999 allowed us to assess the effect of flooding on beaver herbivory. Independent of beaver herbivory, flow regulation on the Green River has caused a decrease in number of cottonwood patches per kilometre of river, area of patches per kilometre, and average stem density within cottonwood patches. The number of saplings cut per beaver colony was three times lower on the Green River than on the Yampa River but the probability of a sapling being cut by a beaver was still higher on the Green River because of lower sapling density there. Controlled flooding appeared to increase the rate of foraging on the Green River by inundating patches of cottonwood, which enhanced access by beaver. Our results suggest regulation can magnify the impact of beaver on cottonwood through interrelated effects on plant spatial distribution and cottonwood density, with the result that beaver herbivory will need to be considered in plans to enhance cottonwood populations along regulated rivers.
San Pablo Bay is an estuary, within northern San Francisco Bay, containing elevated sediment mercury (Hg) levels because of historic loading of hydraulic mining debris during the California gold-rush of the late 1800s. A preliminary investigation of benthic microbial Hg cycling was conducted in surface sediment (0–4 cm) collected from one salt-marsh and three open-water sites. A deeper profile (0–26 cm) was evaluated at one of the open-water locations. Radiolabeled model Hg-compounds were used to measure rates of both methylmercury (MeHg) production and degradation by bacteria. While all sites and depths had similar total-Hg concentrations (0.3–0.6 ppm), and geochemical signatures of mining debris (as εNd, range: –3.08 to –4.37), in-situ MeHg was highest in the marsh (5.4±3.5 ppb) and ≤0.7 ppb in all open-water sites. Microbial MeHg production (potential rate) in 0–4 surface sediments was also highest in the marsh (3.1 ng g–1 wet sediment day–1) and below detection (<0.06 ng g–1 wet sediment day–1) in open-water locations. The marsh exhibited a methylation/demethylation (M/D) ratio more than 25× that of all open-water locations. Only below the surface 0–4-cm horizon was significant MeHg production potential evident in the open-water sediment profile (0.2–1.1 ng g–1 wet sediment day–1). In-situ Hg methylation rates, calculated from radiotracer rate constants, and in-situ inorganic Hg(II) concentrations compared well with potential rates. However, similarly calculated in-situ rates of MeHg degradation were much lower than potential rates. These preliminary data indicate that wetlands surrounding San Pablo Bay represent important zones of MeHg production, more so than similarly Hg-contaminated adjacent open-water areas. This has significant implications for this and other Hg-impacted systems, where wetland expansion is currently planned.
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C.","contributorId":6605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"M. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agee, J.L. jlagee@usgs.gov","contributorId":103452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agee","given":"J.L.","email":"jlagee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bouse, R. M.","contributorId":33709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouse","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaffe, B. E.","contributorId":88327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026005,"text":"70026005 - 2003 - Abundance and characteristics of the recreational water quality indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci in gull faeces","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T07:40:35","indexId":"70026005","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2169,"text":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance and characteristics of the recreational water quality indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci in gull faeces","docAbstract":"Aims: To evaluate the numbers and selected phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the faecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci in gull faeces at representative Great Lakes swimming beaches in the United States.
Methods and Results: E. coli and enterococci were enumerated in gull faeces by membrane filtration. E. coli genotypes (rep‐PCR genomic profiles) and E. coli (Vitek® GNI+) and enterococci (API® rapid ID 32 Strep and resistance to streptomycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, tetracycline and ampicillin) phenotypes were determined for isolates obtained from gull faeces both early and late in the swimming season. Identical E. coli genotypes were obtained only from single gull faecal samples but most faecal samples yielded more than one genotype (median of eight genotypes for samples with 10 isolates). E. coli isolates from the same site that clustered at ≥85% similarity were from the same sampling date and shared phenotypic characteristics, and at this similarity level there was population overlap between the two geographically isolated beach sites. Enterococcus API® profiles varied with sampling date. Gull enterococci displayed wide variation in antibiotic resistance patterns, and high‐level resistance to some antibiotics.
Conclusions: Gull faeces could be a major contributor of E. coli (105–109 CFU g−1) and enterococci (104–108 CFU g−1) to Great Lakes recreational waters. E. coli and enterococci in gull faeces are highly variable with respect to their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics and may exhibit temporal or geographic trends in these features.
Significance and Impact of the Study: The high degree of variation in genotypic or phenotypic characteristics of E. coli or enterococci populations within gull hosts will require extensive sampling for adequate characterization, and will influence methods that use these characteristics to determine faecal contamination sources for recreational waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01910.x","issn":"13645072","usgsCitation":"Fogarty, L., Haack, S., Wolcott, M.J., and Whitman, R., 2003, Abundance and characteristics of the recreational water quality indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci in gull faeces: Journal of Applied Microbiology, v. 94, no. 5, p. 865-878, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01910.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"865","endPage":"878","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208695,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01910.x"},{"id":234617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e659e4b0c8380cd4735f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fogarty, L.R.","contributorId":27236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogarty","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haack, S.K.","contributorId":26457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolcott, M. J. 0000-0002-3924-5940","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3924-5940","contributorId":44110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolcott","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026044,"text":"70026044 - 2003 - Comparing regeneration techniques for afforesting previously farmed bottomland hardwood sites in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026044","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparing regeneration techniques for afforesting previously farmed bottomland hardwood sites in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA","docAbstract":"A study was implemented to test site preparation methods and artificial regeneration of three oak (Quercus spp.) species on four agricultural fields in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley in Louisiana, USA. Six years after establishment, few consistent differences were found in oak density between sowing acorn methods (seed drill versus broadcast seeding), autumn sowing versus spring sowing, and sowing acorns versus planting oak seedlings. Results indicated that some degree of site preparation is needed to establish oak seedlings but few differences were found between site preparation treatments. These results indicate that no one prescription for oak regeneration fits all potential afforestation projects in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Successful bottomland hardwood afforestation projects will require plans that include specific objectives, site evaluation, and a regeneration prescription prior to sowing the first seed or planting the first seedling.","largerWorkTitle":"Forestry","language":"English","doi":"10.1093/forestry/76.2.169","issn":"0015752X","usgsCitation":"Lockhart, B., Keeland, B., McCoy, J., and Dean, T., 2003, Comparing regeneration techniques for afforesting previously farmed bottomland hardwood sites in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA, in Forestry, v. 76, no. 2, p. 169-180, https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/76.2.169.","startPage":"169","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487505,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/76.2.169","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208758,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/76.2.169"},{"id":234729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f838e4b0c8380cd4cf5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lockhart, B.R.","contributorId":24143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockhart","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeland, B.","contributorId":45494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeland","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCoy, J.","contributorId":16626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dean, T.J.","contributorId":94469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026087,"text":"70026087 - 2003 - Seasonal movements, migratory behavior, and site fidelity of West Indian manatees along the Atlantic coast of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T17:33:47.03821","indexId":"70026087","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal movements, migratory behavior, and site fidelity of West Indian manatees along the Atlantic coast of the United States","docAbstract":"The West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) is endangered by human activities throughout its range, including the U.S. Atlantic coast where habitat degradation from coastal development and manatee deaths from watercraft collisions have been particularly severe. We radio-tagged and tracked 78 manatees along the east coast of Florida and Georgia over a 12-year period (1986-1998). Our goals were to characterize the seasonal movements, migratory behavior, and site fidelity of manatees in this region in order to provide information for the development of effective conservation strategies. Most study animals were tracked remotely with the Argos satellite system, which yielded a mean (SD) of 3.7 (1.6) locations per day; all were regularly tracked in the field using conventional radiotelemetry methods. The combined data collection effort yielded >93,000 locations over nearly 32,000 tag-days. The median duration of tracking was 8.3 months per individual, but numerous manatees were tracked over multiple years (max = 6.8 years). Most manatees migrated seasonally over large distances between a northerly warm-season range and a southerly winter range (median one-way distance = 280 km, max = 830 km), but 12% of individuals were resident in a relatively small area (<50 km) year-round. The movements of one adult male spanned >2,300 km of coastline between southeastern Florida and Rhode Island. No study animals journeyed to the Gulf coast of Florida. Regions heavily utilized by tagged manatees included: Fernandina Beach, FL to Brunswick, GA in the warm season; northern Biscayne Bay to Port Everglades, FL in the winter; and central coastal Florida, especially the Banana River and northern Indian River lagoons, in all seasons. Daily travel rate, defined as the distance between successive mean daily locations, averaged 2.5 km (SD = 1.7), but this varied with season, migratory pattern, and sex. Adult males traveled a significantly greater distance per day than did adult females for most of the warm season, which corresponded closely with the principal period of breeding activity, but there was no difference between the sexes in daily travel rate during the winter. The timing of seasonal migrations differed markedly between geographic regions. Most long-distance movements in the southern half of the study area occurred between November and March in response to changing temperatures, whereas most migrations in the northern region took place during the warmer, non-winter months. Manatees left their warm-season range in central Florida in response to cold fronts that dropped water temperatures by an average of 2.0??C over the 24-hr period preceding departure. Water temperature at departure from the warm-season range averaged 19??C, but varied among individuals (16-22??C) and was not related to body size or female reproductive status. The presence of industrial warm-water effluents permitted many manatees to overwinter north of their historic winter range, and for some migrants this delayed autumn migrations and facilitated earlier spring migrations. Southward autumn and northward spring migrations lasted an average of 10 and 15 days at mean rates of 33.5 (SD = 7.6) and 27.3 (SD = 10.5) km/day, respectively. The highest rate of travel during migration was 87 km/day (3.6 km/hr) during winter. Manatees overwintering in southeastern Florida often traveled north during mild weather - sometimes reaching their warm-season range - only to return south again with the next major cold front. Manatees were consistent in their seasonal movement patterns across years and showed strong fidelity, to warm-season and winter ranges. Within a season, individuals usually occupied only 1 or 2 core use areas that encompassed about 90% of daily locations. Most manatees returned faithfully to the same seasonal ranges year after year (median distance between range centers was <5 km between years). Seasonal movements of 4 immature manatees tracked as calves with their mothers
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Deutsch, C.J., Reid, J., Bonde, R., Easton, D.E., Kochman, H., and O'Shea, T., 2003, Seasonal movements, migratory behavior, and site fidelity of West Indian manatees along the Atlantic coast of the United States: Wildlife Monographs, v. 151, p. 1-77.","productDescription":"77 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"77","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 32.10118973232094\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 30.524413269923986\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 26.509904531413927\n ],\n [\n -80.4638671875,\n 25.363882272740256\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -83.1005859375,\n 28.07198030177986\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 24.607069137709683\n ],\n [\n -79.6728515625,\n 26.115985925333536\n ],\n [\n -79.9365234375,\n 28.14950321154457\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 30.334953881988564\n ],\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 32.10118973232094\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"151","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88c4e4b08c986b316b69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deutsch, C. J.","contributorId":79826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deutsch","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, J.P. 0000-0002-8497-1132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":59372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonde, R. K. 0000-0001-9179-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":63339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Easton, Dean E.","contributorId":57784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Easton","given":"Dean","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kochman, H. I.","contributorId":88296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochman","given":"H. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70026091,"text":"70026091 - 2003 - 100 years of Pb deposition and transport in soils in Champaign, Illinois, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026091","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"100 years of Pb deposition and transport in soils in Champaign, Illinois, U.S.A","docAbstract":"In Illinois, atmospheric deposition is one major source of heavy metal inputs to agricultural land. The atmospheric Pb deposition and transport record in agricultural soils in Champaign, Illinois, was established by studying surface and subsurface soil samples collected during the past 100 years from the Morrow Plots on the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The Pb content in the soil samples was measured and the Ph deposition fluxes were calculated. The Pb content in surface soils increased sharply in the first half of the 20th century, and stayed invariant since. The maximum Pb flux from the atmosphere was estimated to be 27 (??14) ??g cm-2 yr-1 around 1940. The major pollution source for this increase probably was residential coal burning. It was estimated that in 50 yr, more than 50% of the Pb input had been lost from the surface soils.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1023957226204","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Y., 2003, 100 years of Pb deposition and transport in soils in Champaign, Illinois, U.S.A: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 146, no. 1-4, p. 197-210, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023957226204.","startPage":"197","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208861,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023957226204"},{"id":234920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"146","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e221e4b0c8380cd4599c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Y.","contributorId":59969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}