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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2635","usgsCitation":"Day, W.C., Sims, P., Snyder, G.L., Wilson, A., Klein, T.L., Peterman, Z.E., Futa, K., and Zartman, R., 1999, Geologic map of Precambrian Rocks, Rawhide Buttes West quadrangle and part of Rawhide Buttes East quadrangle, Hartville Uplift, Goshen and Niobrara Counties, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2635, Report: ii, 14 p.; 1 Plate: 34.32 × 30.54 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2635.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 14 p.; 1 Plate: 34.32 × 30.54 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6156,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2635/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":109893,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23029.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"23029"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Goshen County, Niobrara County","otherGeospatial":"Rawhide Buttes West and East quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.625,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -104.417,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -104.417,\n 42.625\n ],\n [\n -104.625,\n 42.625\n ],\n [\n -104.625,\n 42.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2c62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, W. C.","contributorId":6876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sims, P.K.","contributorId":30191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, G. L.","contributorId":34505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, A.B. 0000-0002-9737-2614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2614","contributorId":63818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"A.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klein, T. 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The study area includes the Corn Belt region of southern Minnesota, eastern Iowa, and west-central Illinois, one of the most intensive and productive agricultural regions of the world. The focus of the study was to evaluate the condition of woodedriparian zones and the influence of basin soildrainage characteristics on water quality and biological-community responses. This report includes a description of the study design and site-characterization process, sample-collection and processing methods, laboratory methods, quality-assurance procedures, and summaries of data on nutrients, herbicides and metabolites, stream productivity and respiration, biological communities, habitat conditions, and agriculturalchemical and land-use information.
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K.","contributorId":28268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porter, S. D.","contributorId":8882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Akers, K.B.","contributorId":106523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akers","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harris, M.A.","contributorId":101278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kalkhoff, S. J.","contributorId":28967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, K. E.","contributorId":100014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roberts, L.","contributorId":113146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Terrio, P. J.","contributorId":11645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrio","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":21848,"text":"ofr99303 - 1999 - Gravity and magnetic study of the Pahute Mesa and Oasis Valley region, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-15T15:34:31.955449","indexId":"ofr99303","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-303","title":"Gravity and magnetic study of the Pahute Mesa and Oasis Valley region, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Regional gravity and aeromagnetic maps reveal the existence of deep basins underlying much of the southwestern Nevada volcanic field, approximately 150 km northwest of Las Vegas. These maps also indicate the presence of prominent features (geophysical lineaments) within and beneath the basin fill. Detailed gravity surveys were conducted in order to characterize the nature of the basin boundaries, delineate additional subsurface features, and evaluate their possible influence on the movement of ground-water. Geophysical modeling of gravity and aeromagnetic data indicates that many of the features may be related to processes of caldera formation. Collapse of the various calderas within the volcanic field resulted in dense basement rocks occurring at greater depths within caldera boundaries. Modeling indicates that collapse occurred along faults that are arcuate and steeply dipping. There are indications that the basement in the western Pahute Mesa - Oasis Valley region consists predominantly of granitic and/or fine-grained siliceous sedimentary rocks that may be less permeable to groundwater flow than the predominantly fractured carbonate rock basement to the east and southeast of the study area. The northeast-trending Thirsty Canyon lineament, expressed on gravity and basin thickness maps, separates dense volcanic rocks on the northwest from less dense intracaldera accumulations in the Silent Canyon and Timber Mountain caldera complexes. The source of the lineament is an approximately 2-km wide ring fracture system with step-like differential displacements, perhaps localized on a pre-existing northeast-trending Basin and Range fault. Due to vertical offsets, the Thirsty Canyon fault zone probably juxtaposes rock types of different permeability and, thus, it may act as a barrier to ground-water flow and deflect flow from Pahute Mesa along its flanks toward Oasis Valley. Within the Thirsty Canyon fault zone, highly fractured rocks may serve also as a conduit, depending upon the degree of alteration and its effect on porosity and permeability. In the Oasis Valley region, other structures that may influence ground-water flow include the western and southern boundaries of the Oasis Valley basin, where the basement abruptly shallows.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99303","issn":"0566-8174","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy Nevada Operations Office (Interagency Agreement DE-AI08-96NV11967)","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E.A., Hildenbrand, T.G., Dixon, G.L., McKee, E.H., Fridrich, C.J., and Laczniak, R.J., 1999, Gravity and magnetic study of the Pahute Mesa and Oasis Valley region, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-303, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99303.","productDescription":"58 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51332,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0303/pdf/of99-303.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153182,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0303/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1241,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0303/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.1972,35.9618 ], [ -118.1972,39.1634 ], [ -114.999,39.1634 ], [ -114.999,35.9618 ], [ -118.1972,35.9618 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5f18e4b0b290850fc1db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, Thomas G.","contributorId":61787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, Gary L.","contributorId":23571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":185956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fridrich, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2453-6478 fridrich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-6478","contributorId":1251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fridrich","given":"Christopher","email":"fridrich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Laczniak, Randell J.","contributorId":90687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"Randell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":23774,"text":"ofr99199 - 1999 - Estimated hydraulic properties for the surficial- and bedrock-aquifer system, Meddybemps, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-31T21:16:51.486933","indexId":"ofr99199","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-199","title":"Estimated hydraulic properties for the surficial- and bedrock-aquifer system, Meddybemps, Maine","docAbstract":"Analytical and numerical-modeling methods were used to estimate hydraulic properties of the aquifer system underlying the Eastern Surplus Company Superfund Site in Meddybemps, Maine. Estimates of hydraulic properties are needed to evaluate pathways for contaminants in ground water and to support evaluation and selection of remediation measures for contaminated ground water at this site. \r\n\r\n\r\nThe hydraulic conductivity of surficial materials, determined from specific-capacity tests, ranges from 17 to 78 feet per day for wells completed in coarse-grained glaciomarine sediments, and from about 0.1 to 1.Ofoot per day for wells completed in till. The transmissivity of fractured bedrock determined from specific-capacity tests and aquifer tests in wells completed in less than 200 feet of bedrock ranges from about 0.09 to 130 feet squared per day. Relatively high values of transmissivity at the south end of the study area appear to be associated with a high-angle fracture or fracture zone that hydraulically connects two wells completed in bedrock. Transmissivities at six low-yielding (less than 0.5 gallon per minute) wells, which appear to lie within a poorly transmissive block of the bedrock, are consistently in a range of about 0.09 to 0.5 foot squared per day.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe estimates of hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity in the southern half of the study area are supported by results of steady-state calibration of a numerical model and simulation of a 24-hour pumping test at a well completed in bedrock. Hydraulic conductivity values for the surficial aquifer used in the model were 30 feet per day for coarse-grained glaciomarine sediments, 0.001 to 0.01 foot per day for fine-grained glaciomarine sediments, and 0.1 to 0.5 foot per day for till. As part of model calibration, a relatively transmissive zone in the surficial aquifer was extended beyond the hypothesized extent of coarse-grained sediments eastward to the Dennys River.\r\n\r\n\r\nHydraulic conductivity values used for bedrock in the model ranged from 3x10-4 to 1.5 feet per day. The highest values were in the fracture zone that hydraulically connects two wells and apparently extends to the Dennys River. The transmissivity of bedrock used in the model ranged from 0.03 to 150 feet squared per day, with the majority of the bedrock transmissivities set at 0.3 foot squared per day. Numerical modeling results indicated that a very low ratio of vertical hydraulic conductivity to thickness (1x10-9 days-l) was required to simulate a persistent cone of depression near a residential well that lies in the previously identified poorly transmissive block of bedrock.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99199","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lyford, F.P., Garabedian, S.P., and Hansen, B.P., 1999, Estimated hydraulic properties for the surficial- and bedrock-aquifer system, Meddybemps, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-199, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99199.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":395187,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19454.htm"},{"id":1780,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr99199/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Meddybumps","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.3626708984375,\n 45.03371396774147\n ],\n [\n -67.35189914703369,\n 45.03371396774147\n ],\n [\n -67.35189914703369,\n 45.042174817839786\n ],\n [\n -67.3626708984375,\n 45.042174817839786\n ],\n [\n -67.3626708984375,\n 45.03371396774147\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcd6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyford, Forest P.","contributorId":43334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyford","given":"Forest","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garabedian, Stephen P.","contributorId":91090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Bruce P.","contributorId":90727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168699,"text":"70168699 - 1999 - Groundwater geochemistry in the Seminole Well Field, Cedar Rapids, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-14T06:19:34","indexId":"70168699","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-01T16:45:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater geochemistry in the Seminole Well Field, Cedar Rapids, Iowa","docAbstract":"The City of Cedar Rapids obtains its municipal water supply from four well fields in an alluvial aquifer along the Cedar River in east-central Iowa. Since 1992, the City and the U.S. Geological Survey have cooperatively studied the groundwater-flow system and water chemistry near the well fields. The geochemistry in the alluvial aquifer near the Seminole Well Field was assessed to identify potentially reactive minerals and possible chemical reactions that produce observed changes in water chemistry. Calcite, dolomite, ferrihydrite, quartz, rhodochrosite, and siderite were identified as potentially reactive minerals by calculating saturation indexes. Aluminosiicate minerals including albite, Ca-montmorillonite, gibbsite, illite, K-feldspar, and kaolinite were identified as potentially reactive minerals using hypothetical saturation indexes calculated with an assumed dissolved aluminum concentration of 1 microgram per liter. Balanced chemical equations derived from inverse-modeling techniques were used to assess chemical reactions as precipitation percolates to the water table. Calcite dissolution was predominate, but aluminosilicate weathering, cation exchange, and redox reactions also likely occurred. Microbial-catalyzed redox reactions altered the chemical composition of water infiltrating from the Cedar River into the alluvial aquifer by consuming dissolved oxygen, reducing nitrate, and increasing dissolved iron and manganese concentrations. Nitrate reduction only occurred in relatively shallow (3 to 7 meters below land surface) groundwater near the Cedar River and did not occur in water infiltrating to deeper zones of the alluvial aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04212.x","usgsCitation":"Boyd, R., 1999, Groundwater geochemistry in the Seminole Well Field, Cedar Rapids, Iowa: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 35, no. 5, p. 1257-1268, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04212.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1257","endPage":"1268","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318371,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"Cedar Rapids","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.8017578125,\n 41.90432124806034\n ],\n [\n -91.55731201171875,\n 41.90432124806034\n ],\n [\n -91.55731201171875,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -91.8017578125,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -91.8017578125,\n 41.90432124806034\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cee265e4b015c306ec5ed4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyd, Robert A.","contributorId":16491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021282,"text":"70021282 - 1999 - An in situ occurrence of coal balls in the Amburgy coal bed, Pikeville Formation (Duckmantian), central Appalachian Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-11T16:25:36.548973","indexId":"70021282","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3000,"text":"Palaios","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An in situ occurrence of coal balls in the Amburgy coal bed, Pikeville Formation (Duckmantian), central Appalachian Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Carbonate concretions containing permineralized peat, commonly called coal balls, were encountered in the Amburgy coal, a generally low-ash (9.4%), but commonly high-sulfur (3.6%), Middle Pennsylvanian coal of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field. These are the first coal balls from the Amburgy coal, and one of only a few reported occurrences from the central Appalachian Basin. The coal balls occur in the upper part of the coal, between two paleochannel cut-outs at the top of the Pikeville Formation, and immediately beneath a scour with a marine fossil lag at the base of the Kendrick Shale Member, Hyden Formation. The coal is thickest (1.3 m) in a narrow (<300 m), elongate depression between the bounding paleochannels, and thins toward the occurrence of coal balls. Total biovolume as measured from acetate peels of coal balls indicates cordaites or lycopsid (36.1% each) dominance. Vertical sampling through one coal-ball aggregate shows zoning from a lower cordaites-dominant (88.7%) assemblage, to a middle, degraded, sphenopsid-rich assemblage, to an upper lycopsid-dominant (88.6%) assemblage. Beneath the coal balls, palynologic and petrographic analyses indicate the basal and middle portions of the bed are dominated by arborescent lycopsid spores and cordaites pollen, and by vitrinite macerals. The top part of the bed, above the coal balls, contains increased intertinite macerals, increased percentages of small fern spores, and variable ash yield (5-21%). Thickening of the Amburgy coal along a structural low, in combination with basal high-ash yields, vitrinite-dominance, and heterogenous palynoflora, indicate paleotopographic control on initial peat accumulation. Abundant lycopsid spores in the basal and middle part of the coal reflect rheotrophic conditions consistent with accumulation in a paleotopographic depression. Apparent zonation preserved in one of the coal-ball masses may document plant successions in response to flooding. Similar percentages of cordaites and lycopods, respectively, in the zones above and below the degraded incursion interval reflect development of a mixed, successional pattern in response to the flooding. Coal-ball formation may have been facilitated by channeling along the Kendrick ravinement, within a paleotopographic depression, at the split margin of the Amburgy peat, either through direct transmittal of carbonates and marine waters into the peat, or through degassing of the peat beneath the scour.","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2307/3515395","usgsCitation":"Greb, S.F., Eble, C.F., Chesnut, D., Phillips, T., and Hower, J., 1999, An in situ occurrence of coal balls in the Amburgy coal bed, Pikeville Formation (Duckmantian), central Appalachian Basin, USA: Palaios, v. 14, no. 5, p. 432-450, https://doi.org/10.2307/3515395.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"432","endPage":"450","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229904,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"eastern Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.69980257547141,\n 38.70214789921263\n ],\n [\n -83.84300270599691,\n 37.75876408313333\n ],\n [\n -83.69980257547141,\n 36.80029100301837\n ],\n [\n -83.70457039308808,\n 36.64685681780912\n ],\n [\n -83.17474214453055,\n 36.75365616083732\n ],\n [\n -82.03874357522238,\n 37.44691270572568\n ],\n [\n -82.59245790499662,\n 38.15332014901537\n ],\n [\n -82.60201726667941,\n 38.47631209262711\n ],\n [\n -82.8216005215753,\n 38.72450440106374\n ],\n [\n -83.27024802949818,\n 38.66862072995167\n ],\n [\n -83.69980257547141,\n 38.70214789921263\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n },\n \"id\": 0\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea74e4b0c8380cd4888f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greb, Stephen F.","contributorId":255517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greb","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":51568,"text":"Kentucky Geological Survey, U. of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":389338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eble, Cortland F.","contributorId":255518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eble","given":"Cortland","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":51568,"text":"Kentucky Geological Survey, U. of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":389336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chesnut, D.R. Jr.","contributorId":100548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesnut","given":"D.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, T.L.","contributorId":43517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hower, James C. 0000-0003-4694-2776","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4694-2776","contributorId":34561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hower","given":"James C.","affiliations":[{"id":16123,"text":"University of Kentucky, Center for Applied Energy Research, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511, United States.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":389339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":22267,"text":"ofr9966 - 1999 - Water-quality assessment of the eastern Iowa basins: Data, September 1995 through September 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T21:39:08.495779","indexId":"ofr9966","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-66","title":"Water-quality assessment of the eastern Iowa basins: Data, September 1995 through September 1996","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey began data-collection activities in the Eastern Iowa Basins study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program in September 1995 with the purpose of determining the status and trends in water quality. Surface-water data were collected, beginning in March 1996, on a monthly basis with occasional extra high- and low-flow samples. Data collected from 12 sites on rivers and streams in the study unit included determinations of the physical properties and concentrations of nutrients, major ions, organic carbon, trace elements, suspended sediment, and dissolved pesticides. Data collected at four additional sites included physical parameters and determination of the concentration of dissolved pesticides. In addition, bed-sediment and fish-tissue samples were collected at 16 sites and analyzed for trace elements and hydrophobic pesticides. There were two ground-water studies conducted in June and July 1996. The first looked at the quality of ground water in the Silurian-Devonian and Upper Carbonate aquifers and sampled 33 wells once, and the second examined the effects of agriculture on shallow ground water of the Iowa River alluvial aquifer and sampled 23 wells once. Ground-water samples were analyzed for physical properties, nutrients, major ions, organic carbon, trace elements, dissolved pesticides, and volatile organic compounds.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9966","usgsCitation":"Akers, K.K., Schnoebelen, D.J., Savoca, M.E., Roberts, L.R., and Becher, K., 1999, Water-quality assessment of the eastern Iowa basins: Data, September 1995 through September 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-66, viii, 154 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9966.","productDescription":"viii, 154 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1351,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr99-066/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":409038,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22511.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 41.85319643776675\n ],\n [\n -90.439453125,\n 41.64828831259535\n ],\n [\n -90.758056640625,\n 41.508577297439324\n ],\n [\n -91.153564453125,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -91.219482421875,\n 41.236511201246216\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -91.241455078125,\n 40.75557964275591\n ],\n [\n -91.614990234375,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -91.856689453125,\n 40.68896903762434\n ],\n [\n -92.373046875,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -92.70263671874999,\n 41.20345619205129\n ],\n [\n -93.09814453125,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -93.50463867187499,\n 41.52502957323801\n ],\n [\n -93.702392578125,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -93.966064453125,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n -93.97705078125,\n 42.26917949243506\n ],\n [\n -93.80126953124999,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -93.7353515625,\n 42.53689200787317\n ],\n [\n -93.71337890625,\n 42.73894375124379\n ],\n [\n -93.922119140625,\n 43.02874525134882\n ],\n [\n -94.09790039062499,\n 43.23719944365308\n ],\n [\n -94.053955078125,\n 43.476840397778915\n ],\n [\n -93.75732421875,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -93.515625,\n 43.874138181474734\n ],\n [\n -93.09814453125,\n 43.59630591596548\n ],\n [\n -92.43896484375,\n 43.1090040242731\n ],\n [\n -92.318115234375,\n 42.89206418807337\n ],\n [\n -92.16430664062499,\n 42.819580715795915\n ],\n [\n -92.032470703125,\n 42.53689200787317\n ],\n [\n -91.790771484375,\n 42.374778361114195\n ],\n [\n -91.47216796875,\n 42.17968819665961\n ],\n [\n -91.175537109375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -90.867919921875,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -90.802001953125,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -90.5712890625,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 41.85319643776675\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","tableOfContents":"Abstract
Introduction
Purpose and Scope
Description of the Eastern Iowa Basins
Implementation of Water-Quality Studies
Surface-Water-Quality Data Collection
Sampling Sites
Surface-Water Sample
Biologic Sample Collection
Analytical Procedures
Ground-Water-Quality Data
Geohydrology
Site Selection
Ground-Water Sample
Analytical Procedures
Water-Quality Analysis and Quality Control
Surface Water
Biology
Ground Water
Acknowledgments
Selected References
Hydrologic and Biologic Data
The Springerville volcanic field is one of the many late Pliocene to Holocene, mostly basaltic, volcanic fields present near the Colorado Plateau margin (fig. 1, in pamphlet). The field overlies the lithospheric transition zone between the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range Province (Condit and others, 1989b). Establishing relations in time, space, and composition of the rocks of these plateau-margin fields offers the possibility to integrate more fully into a regional synthesis the detailed geochemistry of these fields now being examined (for example, Perry and others, 1987; Fitton and others, 1988; Menzies and others, 1991). The work also provides baseline information for understanding mantle properties and processes at different depths and locations. Because the Springerville field is the southernmost of the plateau-margin fields, and because it contains both tholeiitic and alkalic rocks (tables 1 and 2, in pamphlet), it is a particularly important location for establishing these patterns in time, space, and composition.
\nOur four thematic maps of the Springerville field were compiled by using digital mapping techniques so that associated petrologic and chemical data could be conveniently included in a geographic information system for one of the plateau-margin fields. Parts of these maps have been included in Condit (1995), a stand-alone Macintosh2 computer program that takes advantage of their digital format.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2431","isbn":"060792814X","usgsCitation":"Condit, C.D., Crumpler, L., and Aubele, J.C., 1999, Lithologic, age group, magnetopolarity, and geochemical maps of the Springerville Volcanic Field, east-central Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2431, Pamphlet: 53 p.; 3 Sheets: 56.58 x 38.32 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2431.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 53 p.; 3 Sheets: 56.58 x 38.32 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"53","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286244,"rank":7,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i2431.jpg"},{"id":109872,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22658.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"22658"},{"id":91466,"rank":9,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2431/pdf/i2431pamphlet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":6090,"rank":8,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2431/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":286240,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2431/pdf/i2431sh4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4"},{"id":286239,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2431/pdf/i2431sh3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3"},{"id":286243,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2431/i2431sh4.ps"},{"id":286242,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2431/i2431sh3.ps"},{"id":286241,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2431/i2431sh2.ps"},{"id":286238,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2431/pdf/i2431sh2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2"}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.1670,34.0000 ], [ -110.1670,34.5000 ], [ -109.2500,34.5000 ], [ -109.2500,34.0000 ], [ -110.1670,34.0000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635adf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Condit, Christopher D.","contributorId":37328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condit","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crumpler, Larry S.","contributorId":25460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crumpler","given":"Larry S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aubele, Jayne C.","contributorId":29735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aubele","given":"Jayne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":32213,"text":"ofr99141 - 1999 - Geologic map of the Scotts Mills, Silverton, and Stayton Northeast 7.5 minute quadrangles, Northwest Oregon: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-14T14:18:10.021466","indexId":"ofr99141","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-141","title":"Geologic map of the Scotts Mills, Silverton, and Stayton Northeast 7.5 minute quadrangles, Northwest Oregon: A digital database","docAbstract":"The Scotts Mills, Silverton, and Stayton NE 7.5 minute quadrangles are situated along the eastern margin of the Willamette Valley and adjacent lower foothills (Waldo and Silverton Hills) of the Cascade Range (Fig. 1). The terrain within this area is of low to moderate relief, ranging from 100 to more than 1000 ft above sea level. This area is largely rural, with most of the valley floor and low-relief foothills under cultivation. In the last decade, the rural areas outside the boundaries of established towns have experienced significant growth in new homes built and the expansion of housing subdivisions. This growth has placed an increased demand on existing geologic resources (e.g., groundwater, sand and gravel, crushed stone) and the need to better understand potential geologic hazards within this region.\n\nPrevious geologic mapping by Piper (1942), Peck and others (1964), Newton (1969), Hampton (1972), Miller and Orr (1984), Orr and Miller (1984), and Miller and Orr (1986, 1988) established and refined the general stratigraphic framework of this region. This mapping identified few faults or folds; earlier investigators were hindered by the lack of reliably identifiable marker horizons within the stratigraphic section. Werner (1991), using available seismic profile lines and well data in the Willamette Valley to locate the top of the Columbia River Basalt Group, was able to identify and map faults within the subsurface. Reconnaissance mapping of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) units in this region in the early 1980’s indicated that these stratigraphic units could serve as a series of unique reference horizons for identifying post-Miocene folding and faulting (Beeson and others, 1985, 1989; Beeson and Tolan, 1990).\n\nThe major emphasis of this investigation was to identify and map CRBG units within the Scotts Mills, Silverton, and Stayton NE quadrangles and to utilize this detailed CRBG stratigraphy to identify and characterize structural features.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99141","usgsCitation":"Tolan, T., Beeson, M., and Wheeler, K.L., 1999, Geologic map of the Scotts Mills, Silverton, and Stayton Northeast 7.5 minute quadrangles, Northwest Oregon: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-141, Report: HTML document; Readme: HTML; Readme: TXT; Readme: PDF, 15 p.; Data package; All files: PS; All files: PDF; 2 Sheets: 31.50 x 34.19 inches and 41.50 x 33.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99141.","productDescription":"Report: HTML document; Readme: HTML; Readme: TXT; Readme: PDF, 15 p.; Data package; All files: PS; All files: PDF; 2 Sheets: 31.50 x 34.19 inches and 41.50 x 33.50 inches","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":108395,"rank":10,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0141/readme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"13262"},{"id":60309,"rank":9,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0141/readme.html","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":3173,"rank":8,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0141/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284741,"rank":7,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0141/pdf/readme.pdf"},{"id":284742,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0141/intro.html"},{"id":284744,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0141/sssofrpdf.tar.gz"},{"id":163252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0141/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":284743,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0141/sssofr.tar.gz"},{"id":284746,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0141/pdf/stn.pdf","text":"Sheet 2"},{"id":284745,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0141/pdf/svsc.pdf","text":"Sheet 1"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Scott Mills, Silverton, Stayton","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.875,44.875 ], [ -122.875,45.125 ], [ -122.625833,45.125 ], [ -122.625833,44.875 ], [ -122.875,44.875 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5d05e4b0b290850fadc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tolan, Terry","contributorId":55489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tolan","given":"Terry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeson, Marvin","contributorId":102123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeson","given":"Marvin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wheeler, Karen L. kwheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Karen","email":"kwheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":207985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23034,"text":"ofr9970 - 1999 - Flood of June 15-17, 1998, Nishnabotna and East Nishnabotna rivers, Southwest Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-30T12:47:48","indexId":"ofr9970","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-70","title":"Flood of June 15-17, 1998, Nishnabotna and East Nishnabotna rivers, Southwest Iowa","docAbstract":"Record flooding occurred June 15-17, 1998, in the Nishnabotna and East Nishnabotna River basins following severe thunderstorm activity over southwest Iowa. More than 8 inches of rain fell over a large part of Cass County. The rain gage at Atlantic, Iowa recorded a 24-hour total rainfall of 13.18 inches, which established a new official State record for the greatest amount of rainfall in a 24-hour period. The peak discharge was 41,400 cubic feet per second in the East Nishnabotna River near Atlantic, 60,500 cubic feet per second in the East Nishnabotna River at Red Oak, and 65,100 cubic feet per second in the Nishnabotna River above Hamburg. The peak discharge at Atlantic was greater than the theoretical 200-year flood and the peak discharges at Red Oak and Hamburg were greater than the respective theoretical 500-year floods. Information about the basin, the rain storms, the flooding, and a profile of high water marks at selected intervals along the Nishnabotna and East Nishnabotna Rivers are presented in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9970","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation and Iowa Highway Research Board (Project HR-140)","usgsCitation":"Fischer, E., 1999, Flood of June 15-17, 1998, Nishnabotna and East Nishnabotna rivers, Southwest Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-70, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9970.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":52410,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0070/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"East Nishnabotna River and Nishnabotna River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.7623291015625,\n 40.5930995321649\n ],\n [\n -95.7403564453125,\n 40.65147128144057\n ],\n [\n -95.77880859375,\n 40.68896903762434\n ],\n [\n -95.78979492187499,\n 40.751418432997454\n ],\n [\n -95.701904296875,\n 40.80133575979201\n ],\n [\n -95.6524658203125,\n 40.88444793903562\n ],\n [\n -95.6689453125,\n 41.000629848685385\n ],\n [\n -95.6634521484375,\n 41.13315883477399\n ],\n [\n -95.5426025390625,\n 41.269549502842565\n ],\n [\n -95.482177734375,\n 41.364441530542244\n ],\n [\n -95.3778076171875,\n 41.55381099217959\n ],\n [\n -95.3778076171875,\n 41.65239288426814\n ],\n [\n -95.39978027343749,\n 41.85728792769137\n ],\n [\n -95.3338623046875,\n 41.95540515378059\n ],\n [\n -95.2349853515625,\n 41.99624282178583\n ],\n [\n -95.1470947265625,\n 42.05745022024682\n ],\n [\n -95.03173828125,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -94.95483398437499,\n 42.004407212963585\n ],\n [\n -94.9273681640625,\n 41.92680320648791\n ],\n [\n -94.8504638671875,\n 41.87365126992505\n ],\n [\n -94.7515869140625,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -94.7076416015625,\n 41.69752591075902\n ],\n [\n -94.63623046875,\n 41.6154423246811\n ],\n [\n -94.6417236328125,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -94.5867919921875,\n 41.49623534616764\n ],\n [\n -94.6087646484375,\n 41.44684402008925\n ],\n [\n -94.6417236328125,\n 41.39741506646461\n ],\n [\n -94.6856689453125,\n 41.33970040774419\n ],\n [\n -94.735107421875,\n 41.25716209782705\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 41.25716209782705\n ],\n [\n -94.8834228515625,\n 41.236511201246216\n ],\n [\n -94.9383544921875,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -94.998779296875,\n 41.091772220976644\n ],\n [\n -95.0537109375,\n 41.02135510866602\n ],\n [\n -95.1470947265625,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -95.2679443359375,\n 40.80965166748856\n ],\n [\n -95.4107666015625,\n 40.67647212850004\n ],\n [\n -95.6085205078125,\n 40.63479884404164\n ],\n [\n -95.67993164062499,\n 40.59727063442027\n ],\n [\n -95.7623291015625,\n 40.5930995321649\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eed95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, E.E.","contributorId":102480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23891,"text":"ofr99137 - 1999 - Comparison of seismic slope-performance models: Case study of the Oakland East quadrangle, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T21:30:24.794442","indexId":"ofr99137","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-137","title":"Comparison of seismic slope-performance models: Case study of the Oakland East quadrangle, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99137","usgsCitation":"Miles, S.B., and Keefer, D.K., 1999, Comparison of seismic slope-performance models: Case study of the Oakland East quadrangle, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-137, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99137.","productDescription":"38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405849,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16287.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":53100,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0137/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0137/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1617,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps52607/index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Oakland East quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.25,\n 37.75\n ],\n [\n -122.125,\n 37.75\n ],\n [\n -122.125,\n 37.875\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 37.875\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 37.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae251","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miles, Scott B.","contributorId":38600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefer, David K.","contributorId":77930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32211,"text":"ofr99127 - 1999 - An evaluation of sand and gravel resources in and near the Prescott National Forest in the Verde Valley, Arizona, with a section on evaluation of sand and gravel resources using selected engineering variables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-14T14:15:32.719571","indexId":"ofr99127","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-127","title":"An evaluation of sand and gravel resources in and near the Prescott National Forest in the Verde Valley, Arizona, with a section on evaluation of sand and gravel resources using selected engineering variables","docAbstract":"This study was based on available published literature. Although no field investigation was conducted in the Prescott National Forest to the west of the Verde River, a field investigation was conducted in the summer of 1994 by this author on the Coconino National Forest, to the east of the Verde River, where units of surficial materials of the same age and similar character are found (Cox, 1995). The intent of this evaluation of sand and gravel resources in the Prescott National Forest and adjacent areas in the Verde Valley, is to provide the land managers of the U.S. Forest Service with a map that delineates sand- and gravel-bearing geologic units. The map distinguishes (1) sand-and gravel-bearing units that are limited to channels from those that are not, (2) sand-and gravel-bearing units that are thin (generally less than 40 feet thick which is one contour interval on the topographic maps) from those that are locally thick (generally 40 feet or more), (3) sand- and gravel-bearing units that are poorly sorted from those that are well-sorted4, (4) sand- and gravel-bearing units that have little or no soil development from those that have greater degrees of soil development and lithification, (5) and sand- and gravel-bearing units that support riparian vegetation from those that do not. These distinctive characteristics are related to the geologic age or depositional setting of the rock materials and can be distinguished where areas are mapped in detail.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99127","usgsCitation":"Cox, L.J., Bliss, J.D., and Miller, R.J., 1999, An evaluation of sand and gravel resources in and near the Prescott National Forest in the Verde Valley, Arizona, with a section on evaluation of sand and gravel resources using selected engineering variables: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-127, Report: iv, 40 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 48.00 inches; Readme; Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99127.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 40 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 48.00 inches; Readme; Dataset","numberOfPages":"44","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163158,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99127.jpg"},{"id":403563,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54572.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284819,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0127/pdf/of99-127plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284816,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0127/pdf/OF99-127.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284818,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0127/cverde.tar.Z"},{"id":284815,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0127/readme.txt"},{"id":3172,"rank":7,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0127/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"50000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County, Yavapai County","otherGeospatial":"Prescott National Forest, Verde Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.125,\n 34.625\n ],\n [\n -111.875,\n 34.625\n ],\n [\n -111.875,\n 34.875\n ],\n [\n -112.125,\n 34.875\n ],\n [\n -112.125,\n 34.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4c85e4b0b290850f106c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, Leslie J.","contributorId":92692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bliss, James D. jbliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"James","email":"jbliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Robert J. rjmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":2516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robert","email":"rjmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23941,"text":"ofr9932 - 1999 - Preliminary geologic map of the San Guillermo Mountain Quadrangle, Ventura County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T14:08:29","indexId":"ofr9932","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-32","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the San Guillermo Mountain Quadrangle, Ventura County, California","docAbstract":"New 1:24,000-scale geologic mapping in the Cuyama 30' x 60' quadrangle, in support of the USGS Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), is contributing to a more complete understanding of the stratigraphy, structure, and tectonic evolution of the complex junction area between the NW-striking Coast Ranges and EW-striking western Transverse Ranges. The 1:24,000-scale geologic map of the San Guillermo Mountain quadrangle is one of six contiguous 7 1/2' quadrangle geologic maps in the eastern part of the Cuyama map area being compiled for a more detailed portrayal and reevaluation of geologic structures and rock units shown on previous geologic maps of the area (e.g., Dibblee, 1979). The following observations and interpretations are based on the new San Guillermo Mountain geologic compilation: \r\n(1) The new geologic mapping in the northern part of the San Guillermo Mountain quadrangle allows for reinterpretation of fault architecture that bears on potential seismic hazards of the region. Previous mapping had depicted the eastern Big Pine fault (BPF) as a northeast-striking, sinistral strike-slip fault that extends for 30 km northeast of the Cuyama River to its intersection with the San Andreas fault (SAF). In contrast the new mapping indicates that the eastern BPF is a thrust fault that curves from a northeast strike to an east strike, where it is continuous with the San Guillermo thrust fault, and dies out further east about 15 km south of the SAF. This redefined segment of the BPF is a south-dipping, north-directed thrust, with dominantly dip slip components (rakes > 60 deg.), that places Middle Eocene marine rocks (Juncal and Matilija Formations) over Miocene through Pliocene(?) nonmarine rocks (Caliente, Quatal, and Morales Formations). Although a broad northeast-striking fault zone, exhibiting predominantly sinistral components of slip (rakes < 45 deg.), extends to the SAF as previously mapped, the fault zone does not connect to the southwest with the BPF but instead curves into a southwest-directed thrust fault system a short distance north of the BPF. Oligocene to Pliocene(?) nonmarine sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Plush Ranch, Caliente, and Morales(?) Formations are folded on both sides of this fault zone (informally named the Lockwood Valley fault zone [LVFZ] on the map). South-southeast of the LVFZ overturned folds have southward vergence. Several moderate-displacement (< 50 m), mainly northwest-dipping thrust and reverse faults, exhibiting mostly sinistral-oblique slip, flank and strike parallel to the overturned folds. The fold vergence and thrust direction associated with the LVFZ is opposite to that of the redefined BPF, providing further evidence that the two faults are distinct structures. These revised fault interpretations bring into question earlier estimates of net sinistral strike-slip displacement of as much as 13 km along the originally defined eastern BPF, which assumed structural connection with the LVFZ. Also, despite sparse evidence for repeated Quaternary movement on the LVFZ (e.g., Dibblee, 1982), the potential for a large earthquake involving coseismic slip on both the LVFZ and the central BPF to the southwest may not be as great as once believed. (2) Several generations of Pleistocene and younger dissected alluvial terrace and fan deposits sit at various levels above modern stream channels throughout the quadrangle. These deposits give testimony to the recent uplift and related fault deformation that has occurred in the area. (3) A vast terrane of Eocene marine sedimentary rocks (Juncal and Matilija Formations and Cozy Dell Shale) exposed south of the Big Pine fault forms the southern two-thirds of the San Guillermo Mountain quadrangle. Benthic foraminifers collected from various shale intervals within the Juncal Formation indicate a Middle Eocene age (Ulatisian) for the entire formation (K. McDougall, unpub. data, 1998) and deposition at paleodepths as great as 2,000 m (i.e., lowe","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9932","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Minor, S., 1999, Preliminary geologic map of the San Guillermo Mountain Quadrangle, Ventura County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-32, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9932.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1648,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0032/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":109852,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22573.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"22573"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ac75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minor, S.A.","contributorId":65047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22606,"text":"ofr997A - 1999 - An interpretation of the 1997 airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey, Fort Huachuca vicinity, Cochise County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T11:53:16.683449","indexId":"ofr997A","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-7","chapter":"A","title":"An interpretation of the 1997 airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey, Fort Huachuca vicinity, Cochise County, Arizona","docAbstract":"Executive Summary -- In March of 1997, an airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey of the Fort Huachuca Military Reservation and immediate surrounds (location map, http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of99-007-b/index.jpg) was conducted. This survey was sponsored by the U.S. Army and contracted through the Geologic Division of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Data were gathered by Geoterrex-Dighem Ltd. of Ottawa, Canada. The survey aircraft is surrounded by a coil through which a large current pulse is passed. This pulse induces currents in the Earth which are recorded by a set of three mutually perpendicular coils towed in a 'bird' about 100 m behind and below the aircraft. The bird also records the Earth's magnetic field. The system samples the Earth response to the electromagnetic pulse about every 16 m along the aircraft flight path. For this survey, the bulk of the flightpaths were spaced about 400 m apart and oriented in a northeast-southwest direction extending from bedrock over the Huachuca Mountains to bedrock over the Tombstone Hills. A preliminary report on the unprocessed data collected in the field was delivered to the U.S. Army by USGS in July 1997 (USGS Open-File Report 97?457). The final data were delivered in March, 1998 by the contractor to USGS and thence to the U.S. Army. The present report represents the final interpretive report from USGS. The objectives of the survey were to: 1) define the structure of the San Pedro basin in the Sierra Vista-Fort Huachuca-Huachuca City area, including the depth and shape of the basin, and to delineate large faults that may be active within the basin fill and therefore important in the hydrologic regime; 2) define near surface and subsurface areas that contain a large volume fraction of silt and clay in the basin fill and which both reduce the volume of available storage for water and reduce the permeability of the aquifer; and 3) to evaluate the use of the time domain electromagnetic method in the southwest desert setting as a means of mapping depth to water. Chapter one, written by M.E. Gettings, reports the results of the analysis of the aeromagnetic anomaly data. Depths to magnetic rocks computed from these data are in good agreement with depths from gravity anomaly models (Gettings and Houser, in prep.) and confirm and refine the location of the bedrock highs which reach to within 200 m of the surface in several parts of the study area. The highly faulted and generally shallow character of the basin within the study area deduced from the gravity studies is also evident in the aeromagnetic data. The caldera ring fault delimiting the buried structural southwest edge of the Tombstone caldera is expressed in the magnetic data and deeper intrusives extending outside the caldera to the southwest are inferred. Several magnetic bodies occur at shallow depths within the Precambrian granite of the Huachuca Mountains along the eastern foothills of the mountains. These are inferred to be Tertiary intrusives but remain to be confirmed by field work if any of their uppermost dikes or apotheses are exposed. Faults delineating the east-west trending bedrock high beneath the city of Sierra Vista appear to be shallow and should be investigated for surface expressions. Chapter two, written by Jeff Wynn, analyzes and interprets the conductivity depth transforms (CDTs) and provides a general evaluation of the data quality. He concludes that there is a good general correlation between the uppermost conductor seen in the CDTs and water table depth in many cases. Detailed comparisons between the ground-based vertical electric soundings (VES) and the CDTs are reported in this chapter. The two sets of data compare well in general for most sounding sites where the VES data are not noisy.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr997A","usgsCitation":"Bultman, M., Gettings, M.E., and Wynn, J., 1999, An interpretation of the 1997 airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey, Fort Huachuca vicinity, Cochise County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-7, CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr997A.","productDescription":"CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":423389,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16676.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155985,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizzona","county":"Cochise County","otherGeospatial":"Fort Huachuca","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.5,31.333333 ], [ -110.5,31.833333 ], [ -110.0,31.833333 ], [ -110.0,31.333333 ], [ -110.5,31.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68441f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bultman, M.W.","contributorId":107306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bultman","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gettings, M. E.","contributorId":25148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettings","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wynn, Jeff 0000-0002-8102-3882 jwynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8102-3882","contributorId":2803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"Jeff","email":"jwynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24061,"text":"ofr9934 - 1999 - Geologic map of the Hart Peak quadrangle, California and Nevada: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-14T14:47:54.029909","indexId":"ofr9934","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-34","title":"Geologic map of the Hart Peak quadrangle, California and Nevada: A digital database","docAbstract":"The Hart Peak 1:24,000-scale quadrangle is located about 12 km southwest of Searchlight, Nevada, comprehending the eastern part of the Castle Peaks, California, and most of the Castle Mountains and the northwestern part of the Piute Range, in California and Nevada. The Castle Peaks area constitutes the northeasternmost part of the northeast-trending New York Mountains. The Castle Mountains straddle the California-Nevada State line between the Castle Peaks and north-trending Piute Range. The southern part of the Piute Range, near Civil War-era Fort Piute, adjoins Homer Mountain mapped by Spencer and Turner (1985). Adjacent and nearby 1:24,000-scale quadrangles include Castle Peaks, East of Grotto Hills, Homer Mountain, and Signal Hill, Calif.; also Tenmile Well and West of Juniper Mine, Calif. and Nev.\n\nThe oldest rocks in the Hart Peak quadrangle are Early Proterozoic gneiss and foliated granite that crop out in the northern part of the quadrangle on the eastern flank of the Castle Peaks and in the central Castle Mountains (Wooden and Miller, 1990). Paleozoic rocks are uncommon and Mesozoic granitic rocks are not found in the map area. The older rocks are overlain nonconformably by several km of Miocene volcanic deposits, which accumulated in local basins. Local dikes and domes are sources of most Miocene eruptive units; younger Miocene intrusions cut all the older rocks. Upper Miocene to Quaternary gravel deposits interfinger with the uppermost volcanic flows; the contact between volcanic rocks and the gravel deposits is unconformable locally. Canyons and intermontane valleys contain dissected Quaternary alluvialfan deposits that are mantled by active drainage and alluvial fan detritus.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9934","usgsCitation":"Nielson, J.E., Turner, R., and Bedford, D., 1999, Geologic map of the Hart Peak quadrangle, California and Nevada: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-34, Pamphlet: 44 p., 1 Plate: 40.00 x 36.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9934.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 44 p., 1 Plate: 40.00 x 36.00 inches","numberOfPages":"44","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1731,"rank":10,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0034/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":108386,"rank":12,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0034/pdf/hpk_geo.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"13175"},{"id":156778,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0034/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53235,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0034/pdf/hpk_map.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284851,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0034/hpk_geol.e00.gz"},{"id":284852,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0034/hpk_str.e00.gz"},{"id":284853,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0034/hpk_smpl.e00.gz"},{"id":284854,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0034/hpk_shr.e00.gz"},{"id":284855,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0034/of99-34_3a.tar.gz"},{"id":284856,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0034/import.aml"},{"id":284857,"rank":8,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0034/of99-34_2a.txt"},{"id":397727,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13175.htm"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"National Geodetic Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Hart Peak quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.125,35.25 ], [ -115.125,35.375 ], [ -115.0,35.375 ], [ -115.0,35.25 ], [ -115.125,35.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5c8be4b0b290850fa8a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielson, Jane E.","contributorId":9701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielson","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, Ryan D.","contributorId":76596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Ryan D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bedford, David R.","contributorId":26352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedford","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24060,"text":"ofr9935 - 1999 - Geologic map of the East of Grotto Hills quadrangle, California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-14T13:36:37.423776","indexId":"ofr9935","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-35","title":"Geologic map of the East of Grotto Hills quadrangle, California: A digital database","docAbstract":"The East of Grotto Hills 1:24,000-scale quadrangle of California lies west of the Colorado River about 30 km southwest of Searchlight, Nevada, near the boundary between the northern and southern parts of the Basin and Range Province. The quadrangle includes the eastern margin of Lanfair Valley, the southernmost part of the Castle Mountains, and part of the northwest Piute Range. The generally north-trending Piute Range aligns with the Piute and Dead Mountains of California and the Newberry and Eldorado Mountains and McCullough Range of Nevada. The southern part of the Piute Range adjoins Homer Mountain (Spencer and Turner, 1985) near Civil War-era Fort Piute. Adjacent 1:24,000-scale quadrangles include Castle Peaks, Homer Mountain, and Signal Hill, Calif.; also Hart Peak, Tenmile Well, and West of Juniper Mine, Calif. and Nev.\n\nThe mapped area contains Tertiary (Miocene) volcanic and sedimentary rocks, interbedded with and overlain by Tertiary and Quaternary surficial deposits. Miocene intrusions mark conduits that served as feeders for the Miocene volcanic rocks, which also contain late magma pulses that cut the volcanic section. Upper Miocene conglomerate deposits interfinger with the uppermost volcanic flows. Canyons and intermontane valleys contain dissected Quaternary alluvial-fan deposits, mantled by active alluvial-fan deposits and detritus of active drainages. The alluvial materials were derived largely from Early Proterozoic granite and gneiss complexes, intruded by Mesozoic granite, dominate the heads of Lanfair Valley drainages in the New York Mountains and Mid Hills (fig. 1; Jennings, 1961). Similar rocks also underlie Tertiary deposits in the Castle Peaks, Castle Mountains, and eastern Piute Range.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9935","usgsCitation":"Nielson, J.E., and Bedford, D., 1999, Geologic map of the East of Grotto Hills quadrangle, California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-35, 1 Plate: 33.10 x 29.17 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9935.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 33.10 x 29.17 inches","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397657,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13177.htm"},{"id":284848,"rank":8,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/of99-35_2a.txt"},{"id":284847,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/import.aml"},{"id":284846,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/of99-35_3a.tar.gz"},{"id":284845,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/egh_topo.e00.gz"},{"id":284844,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/egh_smpl.e00.gz"},{"id":284843,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/egh_str.e00.gz"},{"id":284842,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/egh_geol.e00.gz"},{"id":53234,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/pdf/egh_map.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156777,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":108387,"rank":12,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/pdf/egh_geo.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"13177"},{"id":1730,"rank":10,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"National Geodetic Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Grotto Hills","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.125,35.125 ], [ -115.125,35.25 ], [ -115.0,35.25 ], [ -115.0,35.125 ], [ -115.125,35.125 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5c66e4b0b290850fa76c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielson, Jane E.","contributorId":9701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielson","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedford, David R.","contributorId":26352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedford","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4967,"text":"fs11899 - 1999 - Microbial and spectral reflectance techniques to distinguish neutral and acidic drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T14:03:39","indexId":"fs11899","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"118-99","title":"Microbial and spectral reflectance techniques to distinguish neutral and acidic drainage","docAbstract":"Acid drainage from abandoned coal mines is affecting thousands of miles of rivers in the eastern United States. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists are finding that neutral drainage is sometimes being mistaken for acidic drainage because both involve the formation of iron oxide-rich materials. USGS scientists are adapting microbial techniques to learn about the processes that form the acidic and neutral iron oxide-rich flocculates and are developing spectral reflectance techniques that differentiate between acid and neutral materials. Federal and State regulatory agencies are using these data to help make land-use decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs11899","usgsCitation":"Robbins, E.I., 1999, Microbial and spectral reflectance techniques to distinguish neutral and acidic drainage: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 118-99, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11899.","productDescription":"4 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0118/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":340288,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0118/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62dee5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Eleanora I.","contributorId":44527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Eleanora","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6612,"text":"fs17398 - 1999 - Eruptions of Lassen Peak, California, 1914 to 1917","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":6612,"text":"fs17398 - 1999 - Eruptions of Lassen Peak, California, 1914 to 1917","indexId":"fs17398","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Eruptions of Lassen Peak, California, 1914 to 1917"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70134744,"text":"fs20143119 - 2014 - A sight \"fearfully grand\": eruptions of Lassen Peak, California, 1914 to 1917","indexId":"fs20143119","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"A sight \"fearfully grand\": eruptions of Lassen Peak, California, 1914 to 1917"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70134744,"text":"fs20143119 - 2014 - A sight \"fearfully grand\": eruptions of Lassen Peak, California, 1914 to 1917","indexId":"fs20143119","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"A sight \"fearfully grand\": eruptions of Lassen Peak, California, 1914 to 1917"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T15:15:10","indexId":"fs17398","displayToPublicDate":"1999-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"173-98","title":"Eruptions of Lassen Peak, California, 1914 to 1917","docAbstract":"On May 22, 1915, an explosive eruption at Lassen Peak, California, the southernmost active volcano in the Cascade Range, devastated nearby areas and rained volcanic ash as far away as 200 miles to the east. This explosion was the most powerful in a 1914–17 series of eruptions that were the last to occur in the Cascades before the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington. Recent work by scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the National Park Service is shedding new light on these eruptions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs17398","collaboration":"Produced in cooperation with the National Park Service, Lassen Association, and the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Clynne, M.A., Christiansen, R.L., Felger, T.J., Stauffer, P.H., and Hendley, J.W., 1999, Eruptions of Lassen Peak, California, 1914 to 1917: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 173-98, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs17398.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1914-01-01","temporalEnd":"1917-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_173_98.jpg"},{"id":915,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/fs173-98/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lassen Peak","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdead","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiansen, Robert L. 0000-0002-8017-3918 rchris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":4412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Robert","email":"rchris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Felger, Tracey J. 0000-0003-0841-4235 tfelger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0841-4235","contributorId":1117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felger","given":"Tracey","email":"tfelger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":153023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hendley, James W. II jhendley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendley","given":"James","suffix":"II","email":"jhendley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70209413,"text":"70209413 - 1999 - Historical trends in salinity and substrate in central and northern Florida Bay: A Paleoecological Reconstruction using modern analogue data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-04T16:52:53.215409","indexId":"70209413","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-04T11:51:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical trends in salinity and substrate in central and northern Florida Bay: A Paleoecological Reconstruction using modern analogue data","docAbstract":"Understanding the natural spatial and temporal variability that exists within an ecosystem is a critical component of efforts to restore systems to their natural state. Analysis of benthic foraminifers and molluscs from modern monitoring sites within Florida Bay allows us to determine what environmental parameters control spatial and temporal variability of their assemblages. Faunal assemblages associated with specific environmental parameters, including salinity and substrate, serve as proxies for an interpretation of paleoecologic data. The faunal record preserved in two shallow (<2 m) cores in central Florida Bay (Russell Bank and Bob Allen Bank) provides a record of historical trends in environmental parameters for those sites. Analysis of these two cores has revealed two distinct patterns of salinity change at these sites: 1) a long-term trend of slightly increasing average salinity; and 2) a relatively rapid change to salinity fluctuations of greater frequency and amplitude, beginning around the turn of the century and becoming most pronounced after 1940. The degree of variability in substrate types at each locality limits interpretations of substrate trends to specific sites. A common sequence of change is present in the Russell Bank and Bob Allen Bank cores: from mixed grass and bare-sediment indicators at the bottom of the cores, to bare-sediment dwellers in the center, to a dominance of vegetative-cover indicators at the top of the cores. Changes in interpreted salinity patterns around the turn of the century are consistent with the timing of the construction of the Flagler Railroad from 1905 to 1912, and the Tamiami Trail and the canal and levee systems between 1915 and 1928. Beginning around 1940, the changes in the frequency and amplitude of salinity fluctuations may be related to changes in water management practices, meteorologic events (frequent hurricanes coupled with severe droughts in 1943 and 1944), or a combination of factors. The correspondence of these changes in Florida Bay with changes in the terrestrial Everglades suggests factors affecting the entire ecosystem are responsible for the salinity and substrate patterns seen in Florida Bay.
In response to requests from the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a mineral resource assessment in the Dillon BLM Resource Area in Beaverhead and Madison Counties, southwestern Montana. These agencies use mineral resource data in creating and updating land-use management plans for federal lands for the reasonably foreseeable future. Mineral resources that have not been developed in the past may be developed in the future, based on changing commodity demands and market conditions. Therefore, federal land managers need geologic information on known mineral occurrences as well as on areas that are permissive for the occurrence of undiscovered mineral resources. This map was prepared to provide this type of geologic information for mineral deposits that can be associated with ultramafic rocks. Areas of exposed Precambrian ultramafic rocks are labeled with uppercase letters (A-F). Sources of geologic maps used to compile this map are shown on the smaller index map (\"Index to Geologic Mapping\"); lowercase letters (a-m) on the index map are keyed to the reference list.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98224D","usgsCitation":"Hammarstrom, J.M., Van Gosen, B.S., Carlson, R.R., and Kulik, D.M., 1999, Map showing the potential for mineral deposits associated with Precambrian mafic and ultramafic rocks in the Blacktail and Henrys Lake Mountains and the Greenhorn and Ruby Ranges of southwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-224, 1 Plate: 44.00 × 35.54 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98224D.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 44.00 × 35.54 inches","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":164367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3106,"rank":300,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr-98-0224-d/98-224d.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":389170,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22996.htm"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.0,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -111.25,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -111.25,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -113.0,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -113.0,\n 44.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a3e4b07f02db4963a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammarstrom, Jane M. 0000-0003-2742-3460 jhammars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3460","contributorId":1226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","email":"jhammars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, Robert R.","contributorId":71944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kulik, Dolores M.","contributorId":83091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulik","given":"Dolores","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70209353,"text":"70209353 - 1999 - Structural and kinematic evolution of the Yukon-Tanana upland tectonites, east-central Alaska: A record of late Paleozoic to Mesozoic crustal assembly: Discussion and Reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-03T13:34:18.844049","indexId":"70209353","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T14:05:11","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural and kinematic evolution of the Yukon-Tanana upland tectonites, east-central Alaska: A record of late Paleozoic to Mesozoic crustal assembly: Discussion and Reply","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1416:SAKEOT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mihalynuk, M., Nelson, J.L., Murphy, D., Brew, D.A., Erdmer, P., Hansen, V.L., and Oliver, D., 1999, Structural and kinematic evolution of the Yukon-Tanana upland tectonites, east-central Alaska: A record of late Paleozoic to Mesozoic crustal assembly: Discussion and Reply: GSA Bulletin, v. 111, no. 9, p. 1416-1422, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1416:SAKEOT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1416","endPage":"1422","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373720,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.40332031249997,\n 55.85064987433714\n ],\n [\n -131.396484375,\n 55.85064987433714\n ],\n [\n -131.396484375,\n 63.99523519297698\n ],\n [\n -148.40332031249997,\n 63.99523519297698\n ],\n [\n -148.40332031249997,\n 55.85064987433714\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mihalynuk, M.G.","contributorId":221563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mihalynuk","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, JoAnne L.","contributorId":221362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"JoAnne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Donald","contributorId":221365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brew, David A. dbrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":3244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"David","email":"dbrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":786261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Erdmer, Philippe","contributorId":221315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erdmer","given":"Philippe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hansen, V. L.","contributorId":82400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Oliver, D.H.","contributorId":221313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oliver","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":3674,"text":"cir1173A - 1999 - Environmental characteristics and water quality of hydrologic benchmark network stations in the Eastern United States, 1963-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"cir1173A","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1173","chapter":"A","title":"Environmental characteristics and water quality of hydrologic benchmark network stations in the Eastern United States, 1963-95","docAbstract":"The information in this report was compiled to aid in the application and interpretation of historical water-quality data collected as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Benchmark Network program, which was established in 1963 to provide long-term measurements of streamflow and water quality in areas that are minimally affected by human activities. This report describes the environmental characteristics and water quality at 16 benchmark basins in the Eastern United States. In most of the basins, stream-water chemistry seems to be controlled by the interaction of acidic precipitation with the underlying soils and bedrock. Land use had a minimal effect on stream-water chemistry at most of the gaging stations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey Informations Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/cir1173A","usgsCitation":"Mast, M.A., and Turk, J.T., 1999, Environmental characteristics and water quality of hydrologic benchmark network stations in the Eastern United States, 1963-95: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1173, xi, 158 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1173A.","productDescription":"xi, 158 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1173","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1999/1173a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30722,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1999/1173a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6024d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":147386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turk, John T.","contributorId":53363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021610,"text":"70021610 - 1999 - The origin and paleoecologic significance of the trace fossil Asteriadtes in the Pennsylvanian of Kansas and Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-01T16:57:42.967541","indexId":"70021610","displayToPublicDate":"1999-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2614,"text":"Lethaia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The origin and paleoecologic significance of the trace fossil Asteriadtes in the Pennsylvanian of Kansas and Missouri","docAbstract":"The trace fossil Asteriacites, recorded in Cambrian to Recent shallow- and deep-marine facies, is traditionally interpreted as the resting trace of asterozoans. Well-preserved specimens of A. lumbricalis are abundant in Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) shallow- and marginal-marine siliciclastic deposits of eastern Kansas and western Missouri. Detailed morphologic analysis of these specimens suggests that they record the activities of mobile epifaunal ophiuroids. Evidence of a brittle star (ophiuroid) producer rather than sea star (asteroid) is provided by (1) trace-fossil morphologic features reflecting the anatomy of the producer (e.g., well-differentiated central structure, slender vermiform arms) and ophiuroid burrowing technique (e.g., proximal arm expansion, arm branching), and (2) mode of occurrence (e.g., gregarious behavior, horizontal and vertical repetition). Vertical and horizontal repetition produces complex aggregates of A. lumbricalis that are interpreted either as escape structures (fugichnia) or as feeding structures, respectively. Ophiura texturata is proposed as a modern analogue for the A. lumbricalis producer, based on inferred life habit and feeding behavior. Asteriacites lumbricalis is present in two different intertidal trace-fossil assemblages. The first assemblage is characterized by high diversity and records tidal flats developed outside of embayments under normal marine conditions. The second assemblage consists of A. lumbricalis together with a few other ichnotaxa and represents a depauperate association that developed in restricted tidal flats within an embayment or estuarine setting. This challenges the conventional view of Asteriacites as a normal-marine salinity indicator. Some echinoderms, and particularly asterozoans, penetrate and inhabit modern environments of depressed salinity. The presence of Asteriacites in Pennsylvanian marginal-marine facies of Kansas and Missouri provides evidence that ophiuroids had adapted to brackish-water conditions by the late Paleozoic.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3931.1999.tb00577.x","issn":"00241164","usgsCitation":"Mángano, M., Buatois, L., West, R., and Maples, C., 1999, The origin and paleoecologic significance of the trace fossil Asteriadtes in the Pennsylvanian of Kansas and Missouri: Lethaia, v. 32, no. 1, p. 17-30, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1999.tb00577.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229253,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.78743457517571,\n 40.57055423435091\n ],\n [\n -95.42548524020488,\n 39.994251126739925\n ],\n [\n -96.53059573719439,\n 38.7508393332237\n ],\n [\n -96.69469650025734,\n 37.05229924209462\n ],\n [\n -95.25659749165769,\n 36.982917252089536\n ],\n [\n -95.1890600833755,\n 38.82938607710616\n ],\n [\n -94.29150626451565,\n 40.57055423435091\n ],\n [\n -95.78743457517571,\n 40.57055423435091\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae66e4b08c986b324082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mángano, M. Gabriela","contributorId":57619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mángano","given":"M. Gabriela","affiliations":[{"id":35641,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":390467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buatois, L.A.","contributorId":40740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buatois","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"West, R.R.","contributorId":37491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maples, C.G.","contributorId":7425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maples","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223819,"text":"5223819 - 1999 - Of elephants and blind men: Deer management in the U.S. National Parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T19:35:58.013548","indexId":"5223819","displayToPublicDate":"1999-02-01T12:18:49","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Of elephants and blind men: Deer management in the U.S. National Parks","docAbstract":"Overabundant populations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are becoming common in the eastern United States. Faced with burgeoning deer populations in eastern parks, the National Park Service (NPS) formulated policy based on its long experience with ungulate management in western parks. That the NPS failed to find a management solution acceptable to its many constituencies was inevitable. Like blind men touching different parts of an elephant and disagreeing about its form, those engaged in the debate about deer management in parks are viewing different parts of the ecological system. None has seen the entire system, and consequently, there is neither common agreement on the nature of the problem nor on the solutions. We explore the quandary of deer management in eastern parks by addressing three questions: (1) Can the National Park Service reconcile its management goals with those of its neighbors? (2) Can thresholds be identified for determining when to intervene in natural processes? (3) Is there a scientific foundation for proceeding with effective management of deer? We argue that reconciling the NPS management with that of state conservation agencies is not possible because management policy guides these agencies in opposite directions: the NPS is charged with limiting human impact on ecological processes, and state agencies are charged with exerting human control over population abundance. Questions about thresholds and a scientific basis for management arise from concern that irrupting deer populations are a manifestation of disrupted natural processes. Several population growth paradigms are at the heart of this ecological question. The science provides no consensus about which of these paradigms are appropriate to deer in eastern ecosystems. Thus, it is premature to expect science to identify if or when natural processes have been disrupted. While the NPS cannot effectively achieve its goals without better science, neither can it wait for science to fully understand the dynamics of plant–herbivore interactions. The best hope for resolving both the biological and political dilemmas surrounding deer management is through an adaptive management approach.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[0003:OEABMD]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Porter, W., and Underwood, H.B., 1999, Of elephants and blind men: Deer management in the U.S. National Parks: Ecological Applications, v. 9, no. 1, p. 3-9, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[0003:OEABMD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202232,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691e49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porter, W.F.","contributorId":81597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Underwood, H. Brian 0000-0002-2064-9128","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2064-9128","contributorId":112421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brian","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}