{"pageNumber":"2750","pageRowStart":"68725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":1015227,"text":"1015227 - 2004 - Foxes on a hot tin roof","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T12:07:04","indexId":"1015227","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foxes on a hot tin roof","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","usgsCitation":"Sedgwick, J., and Bartholow, J., 2004, Foxes on a hot tin roof: Western North American Naturalist, v. 64, no. 3, p. 406-408.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"406","endPage":"408","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350207,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41717391"}],"volume":"64","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a9080","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sedgwick, J.A.","contributorId":25508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedgwick","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartholow, J.","contributorId":62181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027100,"text":"70027100 - 2004 - Winter ecology of Spectacled Eiders: Environmental characteristics and population change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-02T16:41:08.63497","indexId":"70027100","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter ecology of Spectacled Eiders: Environmental characteristics and population change","docAbstract":"

We described characteristics of the wintering area used by Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri) in the Bering Sea, Alaska, and evaluated these characteristics in relation to long-term population trends. Remoteness, limited daylight, and extreme weather conditions precluded direct observations, so we derived the location of the wintering area from satellite telemetry, ice conditions from remotely sensed data, weather conditions from archived data sets, and benthic communities from the literature. Based on analyses of two indices spanning 1957-2002 and 1988-2002, we identified no single environmental parameter that explained the precipitous decline in nesting populations in western Alaska. In general, we found that the number of days with extreme sea ice in winter, extreme winds, and winds in spring explained the greatest variability in annual indices. These analyses support the conclusion that annual population estimates on the breeding grounds can be negatively impacted by extended periods of dense sea-ice concentration and weather during the previous winter. Examination of population indices did not support the hypothesis that changes in benthic community on the wintering grounds have contributed to the decline or inhibited the recovery of the Spectacled Eider breeding population in western Alaska.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1093/condor/106.1.79","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., and Douglas, D., 2004, Winter ecology of Spectacled Eiders: Environmental characteristics and population change: Condor, v. 106, no. 1, p. 79-94, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.1.79.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"94","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478149,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.1.79","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53435,"text":"ofr20041013 - 2004 - Maps showing the stratigraphic framework of South Carolina's Long Bay from Little River to Winyah Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr20041013","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1013","title":"Maps showing the stratigraphic framework of South Carolina's Long Bay from Little River to Winyah Bay","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041013","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, W.E., Morton, R., Denny, J.F., Dadisman, S.V., Schwab, W.C., Gayes, P.T., and Driscoll, N.W., 2004, Maps showing the stratigraphic framework of South Carolina's Long Bay from Little River to Winyah Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1013, 20 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041013.","productDescription":"20 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5215,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db60632c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, Wayne E. 0000-0001-5886-0917 wbaldwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5886-0917","contributorId":1321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Wayne","email":"wbaldwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denny, Jane F. 0000-0002-3472-618X jdenny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-618X","contributorId":418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"Jane","email":"jdenny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dadisman, Shawn V. sdadisman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dadisman","given":"Shawn","email":"sdadisman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":247585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gayes, Paul T.","contributorId":86466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gayes","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":24750,"text":"Coastal Carolina University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":247587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Driscoll, Neal W.","contributorId":63266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Neal","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70027082,"text":"70027082 - 2004 - Holocene to Pliocene tectonic evolution of the region offshore of the Los Angeles urban corridor, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70027082","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene to Pliocene tectonic evolution of the region offshore of the Los Angeles urban corridor, southern California","docAbstract":"Quaternary tectonism in the coastal belt of the Los Angeles urban corridor is diverse. In this paper we report the results of studies of multibeam bathymetry and a network of seismic reflection profiles that have been aimed at deciphering the diverse tectonism and at evaluating the relevance of published explanations of the region's tectonic history. Rapid uplift, subsidence in basins, folds and thrusts, extensional faulting, and strike-slip faulting have all been active at one place or another throughout the Quaternary Period. The tectonic strain is reflected in the modern physiography at all scales. Los Angeles (LA) Basin has filled from a deep submarine basin to its present condition with sediment impounded behind a large sill formed behind uplifts near the present shoreline. Newport trough to the south-southeast of LA Basin also accumulated a large volume of sediment, but remained at midbathyal depths throughout the Period. There is little or no evidence of Quaternary extensional tectonism in either basin although as much as 6 km of subsidence, which mainly occurred by sagging, has been recorded in places since the middle Miocene. The uplifts include folded and thrust faulted terranes in the Palos Verdes Hills and the shelves of Santa Monica and San Pedro Bays. The uplifted areas have been shortened in a southwest-northeast direction by 10% or slightly more, and some folds are reflected in the bathymetry. Two large adjacent midbathyal basins, Santa Monica and San Pedro, show strong evidence of subsidence and slight west-northwest extension (10%) during the same time folding was taking place in the uplifts. The tectonic boundaries between uplifts and basins are folded, normal faulted, reverse-faulted, and strike-slip faulted depending on location. The rapid Quaternary uplift and subsidence, along with the filling of LA Basin, have produced a reversal in the regional physiography. In the early Pliocene, LA Basin was a submarine deep, Palos Verdes and the shelves comprised a northeast basin slope, and the present offshore basins and Catalina Island formed an emergent or shallowly submerged shelf. Since extensional, compressional, and lateral strains are all locally in evidence, simple notions that this part of southern California underwent a change from Miocene transtension to Quaternary transpression fail to explain our observations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003TC001504","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Bohannon, R.G., Gardner, J., and Sliter, R.W., 2004, Holocene to Pliocene tectonic evolution of the region offshore of the Los Angeles urban corridor, southern California: Tectonics, v. 23, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003TC001504.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209197,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003TC001504"},{"id":235443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31f8e4b0c8380cd5e3e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohannon, R. G.","contributorId":61808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohannon","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sliter, R. W.","contributorId":37758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026980,"text":"70026980 - 2004 - Aquatic and marine animal health - 2003: The second bilateral symposium between Russia and the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70026980","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Aquatic and marine animal health - 2003: The second bilateral symposium between Russia and the United States","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","language":"English","issn":"01080288","usgsCitation":"Cipriano, R.C., and Shchelkunov, I., 2004, Aquatic and marine animal health - 2003: The second bilateral symposium between Russia and the United States, in Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, v. 24, no. 2, p. 126-128.","startPage":"126","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed08e4b0c8380cd495a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cipriano, R. C.","contributorId":12400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cipriano","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shchelkunov, I.S.","contributorId":21326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shchelkunov","given":"I.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026840,"text":"70026840 - 2004 - Effect of cell physicochemical characteristics and motility on bacterial transport in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026840","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of cell physicochemical characteristics and motility on bacterial transport in groundwater","docAbstract":"The influence of physicochemical characteristics and motility on bacterial transport in groundwater were examined in flow-through columns. Four strains of bacteria isolated from a crystalline rock groundwater system were investigated, with carboxylate-modified and amidine-modified latex microspheres and bromide as reference tracers. The bacterial isolates included a gram-positive rod (ML1), a gram-negative motile rod (ML2), a nonmotile mutant of ML2 (ML2m), and a gram-positive coccoid (ML3). Experiments were repeated at two flow velocities, in a glass column packed with glass beads, and in another packed with iron-oxyhydroxide coated glass beads. Bacteria breakthrough curves were interpreted using a transport equation that incorporates a sorption model from microscopic observation of bacterial deposition in flow-cell experiments. The model predicts that bacterial desorption rate will decrease exponentially with the amount of time the cell is attached to the solid surface. Desorption kinetics appeared to influence transport at the lower flow rate, but were not discernable at the higher flow rate. Iron-oxyhydroxide coatings had a lower-than-expected effect on bacterial breakthrough and no effect on the microsphere recovery in the column experiments. Cell wall type and shape also had minor effects on breakthrough. Motility tended to increase the adsorption rate, and decrease the desorption rate. The transport model predicts that at field scale, desorption rate kinetics may be important to the prediction of bacteria transport rates. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.08.001","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Becker, M., Collins, S., Metge, D., Harvey, R., and Shapiro, A., 2004, Effect of cell physicochemical characteristics and motility on bacterial transport in groundwater: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 69, no. 3-4, p. 195-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.08.001.","startPage":"195","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209282,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.08.001"},{"id":235573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05c7e4b0c8380cd50f5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, M.W.","contributorId":35896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, S.A.","contributorId":63947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Metge, D.W.","contributorId":51477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":411312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027105,"text":"70027105 - 2004 - Tracking contaminants down the Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70027105","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracking contaminants down the Mississippi","docAbstract":"The Mississippi River and its last major downstream distributary, the Atchafalaya River, provide approximately 90 percent of the freshwater input to the Gulf of Mexico. Analyses of sediment cores using organic and inorganic tracers as well as bethic foraminifera appear to provide a reliable record of the historic variability of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico over the past few centuries. Natural variability in hypoxic events may be driven largely by flooding cycles of El Nin??o/La Nin??a prior to recent increases in nutrient loading. Specifically, large floods in 1979, 1983, 1993 and 1998, compounded with the widespread use of fertilizers, also appear at least partially responsible for the recent (post-1980) dramatic increase of hypoxic events in the Mississippi Bight.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00168556","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P., and Campbell, P., 2004, Tracking contaminants down the Mississippi: Geotimes, v. 49, no. 5, p. 40-41.","startPage":"40","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb69fe4b08c986b326da3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, P. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":49156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, P.","contributorId":99249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026981,"text":"70026981 - 2004 - Threatened fishes of the world: Notropis topeka Gilbert, 1884 (Cyprinidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70026981","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Threatened fishes of the world: Notropis topeka Gilbert, 1884 (Cyprinidae)","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:EBFI.0000033348.37110.de","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Wall, S., and Berry, C.R., 2004, Threatened fishes of the world: Notropis topeka Gilbert, 1884 (Cyprinidae): Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 70, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EBFI.0000033348.37110.de.","startPage":"246","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209219,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:EBFI.0000033348.37110.de"},{"id":235475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb2fce4b08c986b325af7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wall, S.S.","contributorId":36721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, C. R. Jr.","contributorId":39167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026789,"text":"70026789 - 2004 - Biotransformation of tributyltin to tin in freshwater river-bed sediments contaminated by an organotin release","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:11:44","indexId":"70026789","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biotransformation of tributyltin to tin in freshwater river-bed sediments contaminated by an organotin release","docAbstract":"The largest documented release of organotin compounds to a freshwater river system in the United States occurred in early 2000 in central South Carolina. The release consisted of an unknown volume of various organotin compounds such tetrabutyltin (TTBT), tributyltin (TBT), tetraoctyltin (TTOT), and trioctyl tin (TOT) and resulted in a massive fish kill and the permanent closures of a municipal wastewater treatment plant and a local city's only drinking-water intake. Initial sampling events in 2000 and 2001 indicated that concentrations of the ecologically toxic TTBT and TBT were each greater than 10 000 ??g/kg in surface-water bed sediments in depositional areas, such as lakes and beaver ponds downstream of the release. Bed-sediment samples collected between 2001 and 2003, however, revealed a substantial decrease in bed-sediment organotin concentrations and an increase in concentrations of degradation intermediate compounds. For example, in bed sediments of a representative beaver pond located about 1.6 km downstream of the release, total organotin concentrations [the sum of TTBT, TBT, and the TBT degradation intermediates dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT)] decreased from 38 670 to 298 ??g/kg. In Crystal Lake, a large lake about 0.4 km downstream from the beaver pond, total organotin concentrations decreased from 28 300 to less than 5 ??g/kg during the same time period. Moreover, bed-sediment inorganic tin concentrations increased from pre-release levels of less than 800 to 32 700 ??g/kg during this time. These field data suggest that the released organotin compounds, such as TBT, are being transformed into inorganic tin by bed-sediment microbial processes. Microcosms were created in the laboratory that contained bed sediment from the two sites and were amended with tributyltin (as tributyltin chloride) under an ambient air headspace and sacrificially analyzed periodically for TBT, the biodegradation intermediates DBT and MBT, and tin. TBT concentrations decreased faster [half-life (t1/2) = 28 d] in the organic-rich sediments (21.5%) that characterized the beaver pond as compared to the slower (t1/2 = 78 d) degradation rate in the sandy, organic-poor, sediments (0.43%) of Crystal Lake. Moreover, the concentration of inorganic tin increased in microcosms containing bed sediments from both locations. These field and laboratory results suggest that biotransformation of the released organotins, in particular the ecologically detrimental TBT, does occur in this fresh surface-water system impacted with high concentrations of neat organotin compounds.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es030697z","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., Tanner, T., and Watt, B., 2004, Biotransformation of tributyltin to tin in freshwater river-bed sediments contaminated by an organotin release: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 15, p. 4106-4112, https://doi.org/10.1021/es030697z.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4106","endPage":"4112","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209135,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es030697z"},{"id":235349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1a4e4b0c8380cd4ad6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanner, T.L.","contributorId":62809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watt, B.E.","contributorId":96844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027157,"text":"70027157 - 2004 - The final Galileo SSI observations of Io: Orbits G28-I33","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-06T11:20:19","indexId":"70027157","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The final Galileo SSI observations of Io: Orbits G28-I33","docAbstract":"

We present the observations of Io acquired by the Solid State Imaging (SSI) experiment during the Galileo Millennium Mission (GMM) and the strategy we used to plan the exploration of Io. Despite Galileo's tight restrictions on data volume and downlink capability and several spacecraft and camera anomalies due to the intense radiation close to Jupiter, there were many successful SSI observations during GMM. Four giant, high-latitude plumes, including the largest plume ever observed on Io, were documented over a period of eight months; only faint evidence of such plumes had been seen since the Voyager 2 encounter, despite monitoring by Galileo during the previous five years. Moreover, the source of one of the plumes was Tvashtar Catena, demonstrating that a single site can exhibit remarkably diverse eruption styles—from a curtain of lava fountains, to extensive surface flows, and finally a ∼400 km high plume—over a relatively short period of time (∼13 months between orbits I25 and G29). Despite this substantial activity, no evidence of any truly new volcanic center was seen during the six years of Galileo observations. The recent observations also revealed details of mass wasting processes acting on Io. Slumping and landsliding dominate and occur in close proximity to each other, demonstrating spatial variation in material properties over distances of several kilometers. However, despite the ubiquitous evidence for mass wasting, the rate of volcanic resurfacing seems to dominate; the floors of paterae in proximity to mountains are generally free of debris. Finally, the highest resolution observations obtained during Galileo's final encounters with Io provided further evidence for a wide diversity of surface processes at work on Io.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2003.10.014","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Turtle, E.P., Keszthelyi, L., McEwen, A.S., Radebaugh, J., Milazzo, M.P., Simonelli, D.P., Geissler, P.E., Williams, D., Perry, J., Jaeger, W.L., Klaasen, K.P., Breneman, H.H., Denk, T., and Phillips, C.B., 2004, The final Galileo SSI observations of Io: Orbits G28-I33: Icarus, v. 169, no. 1, p. 3-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2003.10.014.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209295,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2003.10.014"}],"volume":"169","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac04e4b08c986b323202","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turtle, Elizabeth P.","contributorId":45443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turtle","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":412554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Radebaugh, Jani","contributorId":101792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radebaugh","given":"Jani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Milazzo, Moses P. 0000-0002-9101-2191 moses@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-2191","contributorId":4811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milazzo","given":"Moses","email":"moses@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Simonelli, Damon P.","contributorId":210484,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simonelli","given":"Damon","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Geissler, Paul E. pgeissler@usgs.gov","contributorId":2811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"Paul","email":"pgeissler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Williams, David A.","contributorId":84604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Perry, Jason","contributorId":147256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perry","given":"Jason","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jaeger, Windy L.","contributorId":61679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Windy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Klaasen, Kenneth P.","contributorId":210485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klaasen","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Breneman, H. Herbert","contributorId":62774,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breneman","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Herbert","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":412555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Denk, Tilmann","contributorId":210487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denk","given":"Tilmann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Phillips, Cynthia B.","contributorId":210488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70027187,"text":"70027187 - 2004 - Regional paleohydrologic and paleoclimatic settings of wetland/lacustrine depositional systems in the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic), Western Interior, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:26","indexId":"70027187","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional paleohydrologic and paleoclimatic settings of wetland/lacustrine depositional systems in the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic), Western Interior, USA","docAbstract":"During deposition of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, water that originated as precipitation in uplands to the west of the Western Interior depositional basin infiltrated regional aquifers that underlay the basin. This regional groundwater system delivered water into the otherwise dry continental interior basin where it discharged to form two major wetland/lacustrine successions. A freshwater carbonate wetland/lacustrine succession formed in the distal reaches of the basin, where regional groundwater discharged into the Denver-Julesburg Basin, which was a smaller structural basin within the more extensive Western Interior depositional basin. An alkaline-saline wetland/lacustrine complex (Lake T'oo'dichi') formed farther upstream, where shallower aquifers discharged into the San Juan/Paradox Basin, which was another small structural basin in the Western Interior depositional basin. These were both wetlands in the sense that groundwater was the major source of water. Input from surface and meteoric water was limited. In both basins, lacustrine conditions developed during episodes of increased input of surface water. Inclusion of wetlands in our interpretation of what had previously been considered largely lacustrine systems has important implications for paleohydrology and paleoclimatology. The distal carbonate wetland/lacustrine deposits are well developed in the Morrison Formation of east-central Colorado, occupying a stratigraphic interval that is equivalent to the \"lower\" Morrison but extends into the \"upper\" Morrison Formation. Sedimentologic, paleontologic, and isotopic evidence indicate that regional groundwater discharge maintained shallow, hydrologically open, well oxygenated, perennial carbonate wetlands and lakes despite the semi-arid climate. Wetland deposits include charophyte-rich wackestone and green mudstone. Lacustrine episodes, in which surface water input was significant, were times of carbonate and siliciclastic deposition in scarce deltaic and shoreline deposits. Marginal lacustrine deposits include ooid and skeletal packstone-grainstone, siltstone, and sandstone. Distal lacustrine units are skeletal mudstone-wackestone, microbialites, and laminated (siliciclastic) mudstone. Differentiation between wetlands and distal lacustrine units is not always possible. Palustrine features, Magadi-type chert (MTC), and evaporites record episodes of increased aridity and exposure. Farther upstream, during deposition of the upper part of the Brushy Basin Member, the ancestral Uncompahgre Uplift imposed a barrier to shallow, eastward-flowing groundwater that discharged into the San Juan/Paradox Basin on the upstream side of the uplift. This created the closed hydrologic setting necessary for development of an alkaline-saline wetland/lacustrine complex (\"Lake\" T'oo'dichi'). Silicic volcanic ash, delivered by prevailing winds from calderas west and southwest of the basin, contributed to the pore-water evolution in the sediments. A distinctive lateral hydrogeochemical gradient, reflecting increasing salinity and alkalinity in the pore waters, altered the ash to a variety of authigenic minerals that define concentric zones within the basin. The basinward progression of diagenetic mineral zones is smectite???clinoptilolite???analcime ??potassium feldspar???albite. The groundwater-fed wetlands were shallow and frequently evaporated to dryness. Scarce laminated gray mudstone beds record distinct episodes of freshwater lacustrine deposition that resulted from intermittent streams that carried detritus well out into the basin. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.01.007","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Dunagan, S., and Turner, C., 2004, Regional paleohydrologic and paleoclimatic settings of wetland/lacustrine depositional systems in the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic), Western Interior, USA: Sedimentary Geology, v. 167, no. 3-4, p. 269-296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.01.007.","startPage":"269","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209228,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.01.007"},{"id":235488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"167","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a53fe4b0e8fec6cdbdb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunagan, S.P.","contributorId":108297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunagan","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, C.E.","contributorId":45463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027186,"text":"70027186 - 2004 - The Collins Creek and Pleasant Creek Formations: Two new upper cretaceous subsurface units in the Carolina/Georgia Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:26","indexId":"70027186","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Collins Creek and Pleasant Creek Formations: Two new upper cretaceous subsurface units in the Carolina/Georgia Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"This paper formally defines two new Upper Cretaceous subsurface units in the southern Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia: the Collins Creek Formation and the Pleasant Creek Formation. These units are confined to the subsurface of the outer Coastal Plain, and their type sections are established in corehole CHN-820 from Charleston County, S.C. The Collins Creek Formation consists of greenish-gray lignitic sand and dark-greenish-gray sandy clay and is documented in cores from Allendale, Beaufort, Berkeley, Dorchester, Jasper and Marion Counties, South Carolina, and from Screven County, Georgia. Previously, Collins Creek strata had been incorrectly assigned to the Middendorf Formation. These sediments occupy a stratigraphic position between the Turonian/Coniacian Cape Fear Formation (?) below and the proposed upper Coniacian to middle Santonian Pleasant Creek Formation above. The Collins Creek Formation is middle and late Coniacian in age on the basis of calcareous nannofossil and palynomorph analyses. The Pleasant Creek Formation consists of olive-gray sand and dark-greenish-gray silty to sandy clay and is documented in cores from New Hanover County, North Carolina, and Berkeley, Charleston, Dorchester, Horry and Marion Counties, South Carolina. The strata of this unit previously were assigned incorrectly to the Middendorf Formation and (or) the Cape Fear Formation. These sediments occupy a stratigraphic position between the proposed Collins Creek Formation below and the Shepherd Grove Formation above. The Pleasant Creek Formation is late Coniacian and middle Santonian in age, on the basis of its calcareous nannofossil and palynomorph assemblages.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Self-Trail J.M., Prowell, D., and Christopher, R.A., 2004, The Collins Creek and Pleasant Creek Formations: Two new upper cretaceous subsurface units in the Carolina/Georgia Coastal Plain: Southeastern Geology, v. 42, no. 4, p. 237-252.","startPage":"237","endPage":"252","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6d6e4b08c986b3212af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Self-Trail J.M.","contributorId":128180,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Self-Trail J.M.","id":535153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prowell, D.C.","contributorId":95475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prowell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christopher, R. A.","contributorId":53775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christopher","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027189,"text":"70027189 - 2004 - Testing density-dependent groundwater models: Two-dimensional steady state unstable convection in infinite, finite and inclined porous layers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:40:08","indexId":"70027189","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing density-dependent groundwater models: Two-dimensional steady state unstable convection in infinite, finite and inclined porous layers","docAbstract":"

This study proposes the use of several problems of unstable steady state convection with variable fluid density in a porous layer of infinite horizontal extent as two-dimensional (2-D) test cases for density-dependent groundwater flow and solute transport simulators. Unlike existing density-dependent model benchmarks, these problems have well-defined stability criteria that are determined analytically. These analytical stability indicators can be compared with numerical model results to test the ability of a code to accurately simulate buoyancy driven flow and diffusion. The basic analytical solution is for a horizontally infinite fluid-filled porous layer in which fluid density decreases with depth. The proposed test problems include unstable convection in an infinite horizontal box, in a finite horizontal box, and in an infinite inclined box. A dimensionless Rayleigh number incorporating properties of the fluid and the porous media determines the stability of the layer in each case. Testing the ability of numerical codes to match both the critical Rayleigh number at which convection occurs and the wavelength of convection cells is an addition to the benchmark problems currently in use. The proposed test problems are modelled in 2-D using the SUTRA [SUTRA––A model for saturated–unsaturated variable-density ground-water flow with solute or energy transport. US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report, 02-4231, 2002. 250 p] density-dependent groundwater flow and solute transport code. For the case of an infinite horizontal box, SUTRA results show a distinct change from stable to unstable behaviour around the theoretical critical Rayleigh number of 4π2 and the simulated wavelength of unstable convection agrees with that predicted by the analytical solution. The effects of finite layer aspect ratio and inclination on stability indicators are also tested and numerical results are in excellent agreement with theoretical stability criteria and with numerical results previously reported in traditional fluid mechanics literature.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.01.003","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Weatherill, D., Simmons, C., Voss, C., and Robinson, N., 2004, Testing density-dependent groundwater models: Two-dimensional steady state unstable convection in infinite, finite and inclined porous layers: Advances in Water Resources, v. 27, no. 5, p. 547-562, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.01.003.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"562","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209247,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.01.003"}],"volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5c2e4b08c986b320c64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weatherill, D.","contributorId":74932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weatherill","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simmons, C.T.","contributorId":15811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voss, C.I.","contributorId":79515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, N.I.","contributorId":12248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"N.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027084,"text":"70027084 - 2004 - Albert H. Munsell: A sense of color at the interface of art and science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:43:36","indexId":"70027084","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3419,"text":"Soil Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Albert H. Munsell: A sense of color at the interface of art and science","docAbstract":"The color theory conceived and commercialized by Albert H. Munsell (1858-1918) has become a universal part of the lexicon of soil science. An American painter noted for his seascapes and portraits, he had a long-standing interest in the description of color. Munsell began studies aimed at standardizing color description, using hue, value, and chroma scales, around 1898. His landmark treatise, \"A Color Notation,\" was published in 1905. Munsell died about 30 years before his color charts came into wide-spread use in soil survey programs in the United States. Dorothy Nickerson, who began her career as secretary and laboratory assistant to Munsell's son, and later spent 37 years at USDA as a color-science specialist, did much to adapt the Munsell Color System to soil-color usage. The legacy of color research pioneered by A.H. Munsell is honored today by the Munsell Color Science Laboratory established in 1983 at the Rochester Institute of Technology.","language":"English","publisher":"Ovid","doi":"10.1097/01.ss.0000117789.98510.30","issn":"0038075X","usgsCitation":"Landa, E.R., 2004, Albert H. Munsell: A sense of color at the interface of art and science: Soil Science, v. 169, no. 2, p. 83-89, https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ss.0000117789.98510.30.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"89","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"169","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e954e4b0c8380cd481ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027083,"text":"70027083 - 2004 - Delineation of a collapse feature in a noisy environment using a multichannel surface wave technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70027083","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1825,"text":"Geotechnique","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delineation of a collapse feature in a noisy environment using a multichannel surface wave technique","docAbstract":"A collapse developed at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, Maryland, in early 2001. The location of the collapse was over a groundwater drainage system pipe buried at an elevation of +0??9 m (reference is to Chesapeake Bay level). The cause of the collapse was a subsurface drain pipe that collapsed because of saltwater corrosion of the corrugated metal pipe. The inflow/outflow of sea water and groundwater flow caused soil to be removed from the area where the pipe collapsed. To prevent damage to nearby structures, the collapse was quickly filled with uncompacted sand and gravel (???36000 kg). However, the plant had an immediate need to determine whether more underground voids existed. A high-frequency multichannel surface-wave survey technique was conducted to define the zone affected by the collapse. Although the surface-wave survey at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant was conducted at a noise level 50-100 times higher than the normal environment for a shallow seismic survey, the shear (S)-wave velocity field calculated from surface-wave data delineated a possible zone affected by the collapse. The S-wave velocity field showed chimney-shaped low-velocity anomalies that were directly related to the collapse. Based on S-wave velocity field maps, a potential zone affected by the collapse was tentatively defined.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotechnique","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1680/geot.54.1.17.36326","issn":"00168505","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Chen, C., Li, P., and Lewis, M., 2004, Delineation of a collapse feature in a noisy environment using a multichannel surface wave technique: Geotechnique, v. 54, no. 1, p. 17-27, https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.54.1.17.36326.","startPage":"17","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209223,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.54.1.17.36326"},{"id":235480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe66e4b0c8380cd4ecff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, C.","contributorId":98490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Li, P.H.","contributorId":40780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewis, M.J.","contributorId":98514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027080,"text":"70027080 - 2004 - Dissolution rates of pure methane hydrate and carbon-dioxide hydrate in undersaturated seawater at 1000-m depth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70027080","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolution rates of pure methane hydrate and carbon-dioxide hydrate in undersaturated seawater at 1000-m depth","docAbstract":"To help constrain models involving the chemical stability and lifetime of gas clathrate hydrates exposed at the seafloor, dissolution rates of pure methane and carbon-dioxide hydrates were measured directly on the seafloor within the nominal pressure-temperature (P/T) range of the gas hydrate stability zone. Other natural boundary conditions included variable flow velocity and undersaturation of seawater with respect to the hydrate-forming species. Four cylindrical test specimens of pure, polycrystalline CH4 and CO2 hydrate were grown and fully compacted in the laboratory, then transferred by pressure vessel to the seafloor (1028 m depth), exposed to the deep ocean environment, and monitored for 27 hours using time-lapse and HDTV cameras. Video analysis showed diameter reductions at rates between 0.94 and 1.20 ??m/s and between 9.0 and 10.6 ?? 10-2 ??m/s for the CO2 and CH4 hydrates, respectively, corresponding to dissolution rates of 4.15 ?? 0.5 mmol CO2/m2s and 0.37 ?? 0.03 mmol CH4/m2s. The ratio of the dissolution rates fits a diffusive boundary layer model that incorporates relative gas solubilities appropriate to the field site, which implies that the kinetics of the dissolution of both hydrates is diffusion-controlled. The observed dissolution of several mm (CH4) or tens of mm (CO2) of hydrate from the sample surfaces per day has major implications for estimating the longevity of natural gas hydrate outcrops as well as for the possible roles of CO2 hydrates in marine carbon sequestration strategies. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2003.07.001","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Rehder, G., Kirby, S.H., Durham, W., Stern, L., Peltzer, E., Pinkston, J., and Brewer, P., 2004, Dissolution rates of pure methane hydrate and carbon-dioxide hydrate in undersaturated seawater at 1000-m depth: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, no. 2, p. 285-292, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.07.001.","startPage":"285","endPage":"292","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209169,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.07.001"},{"id":235406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0230e4b0c8380cd4ff2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rehder, G.","contributorId":103045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehder","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durham, W.B.","contributorId":72135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stern, L.A.","contributorId":38293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peltzer, E.T.","contributorId":98927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peltzer","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pinkston, J.","contributorId":13778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinkston","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brewer, P.G.","contributorId":16080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70027079,"text":"70027079 - 2004 - Hydrologic variability, water chemistry, and phytoplankton biomass in a large flood plain of the Sacramento River, CA, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:36:54","indexId":"70027079","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic variability, water chemistry, and phytoplankton biomass in a large flood plain of the Sacramento River, CA, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"

The Yolo Bypass, a large, managed floodplain that discharges to the headwaters of the San Francisco Estuary, was studied before, during, and after a single, month-long inundation by the Sacramento River in winter and spring 2000. The primary objective was to identify hydrologic conditions and other factors that enhance production of phytoplankton biomass in the floodplain waters. Recent reductions in phytoplankton have limited secondary production in the river and estuary, and increased phytoplankton biomass is a restoration objective for this system. Chlorophyll a was used as a measure of phytoplankton biomass in this study. Chlorophyll a concentrations were low (<4 μg l−1) during inundation by the river when flow through the floodplain was high, but concentrations rapidly increased as river inflow decreased and the floodplain drained. Therefore, hydrologic conditions in the weeks following inundation by river inflow appeared most important for producing phytoplankton biomass in the floodplain. Discharges from local streams were important sources of water to the floodplain before and after inundation by the river, and they supplied dissolved inorganic nutrients while chlorophyll a was increasing. Discharge from the floodplain was enriched in chlorophyll arelative to downstream locations in the river and estuary during the initial draining and later when local stream inflows produced brief discharge pulses. Based on the observation that phytoplankton biomass peaks during drainage events, we suggest that phytoplankton production in the floodplain and biomass transport to downstream locations would be higher in years with multiple inundation and draining sequences.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:hydr.0000018178.85404.1c","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Schemel, L., Sommer, T., Muller-Solger, A.B., and Harrell, W., 2004, Hydrologic variability, water chemistry, and phytoplankton biomass in a large flood plain of the Sacramento River, CA, U.S.A.: Hydrobiologia, v. 513, p. 129-139, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:hydr.0000018178.85404.1c.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"139","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209168,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:hydr.0000018178.85404.1c"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River","volume":"513","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3695e4b0c8380cd60824","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schemel, L. E.","contributorId":89529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"L. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sommer, T.R.","contributorId":30014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sommer","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muller-Solger, A. B.","contributorId":25333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller-Solger","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harrell, W.C.","contributorId":7481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrell","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027078,"text":"70027078 - 2004 - Temporal dynamics of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) and two species of flea beetles (Aphthona spp.) used as biological control agents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-24T12:03:01","indexId":"70027078","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1016,"text":"Biological Control","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Temporal dynamics of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) and two species of flea beetles (Aphthona spp.) used as biological control agents","title":"Temporal dynamics of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) and two species of flea beetles (Aphthona spp.) used as biological control agents","docAbstract":"

The goal of this study was to evaluate the biological control program of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) in a large natural area, Theodore Roosevelt National Park, western North Dakota, USA. Aphthona lacertosa and Aphthona nigriscutis have been released at more than 1800 points in the 18,600-ha South Unit of the park beginning in 1989; most releases have occurred since 1994. We established permanent vegetation plots throughout the infested area of the park and determined stem counts and biomass of leafy spurge and abundance of the two flea beetle species at these plots each year from 1999 to 2001. Both biomass and stem counts declined over the 3 years of the study. Both species of flea beetle are well established within the park and have expanded into areas where they were not released. A. nigriscutis was more abundant than A. lacertosa in the grassland areas we surveyed, but in all other habitats abundances were similar. Using structural equation models, only A. lacertosa could be shown to have a significant effect on counts of mature stems of leafy spurge. A. nigriscutis numbers were positively correlated with stem counts of mature stems. Previous year’s stem counts had the greatest influence on change in stem counts over each 2-year time step examined with structural equation models.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1049-9644(03)00156-7","issn":"10499644","usgsCitation":"Larson, D., and Grace, J., 2004, Temporal dynamics of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) and two species of flea beetles (Aphthona spp.) used as biological control agents: Biological Control, v. 29, no. 2, p. 207-214, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1049-9644(03)00156-7.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"214","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Theodore Roosevelt National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.58322143554688,\n 47.03222659199384\n ],\n [\n -103.612060546875,\n 46.9989876381546\n ],\n [\n -103.60862731933592,\n 46.98634204252131\n ],\n [\n -103.58596801757811,\n 46.971819335298015\n ],\n [\n -103.57772827148436,\n 46.931509883369316\n ],\n [\n -103.55369567871094,\n 46.924007100770275\n ],\n [\n -103.52073669433594,\n 46.91087470241917\n ],\n [\n -103.38409423828125,\n 46.88741598566432\n ],\n [\n -103.30787658691406,\n 46.89351623937826\n ],\n [\n -103.30718994140625,\n 46.93244765730184\n ],\n [\n -103.39645385742188,\n 46.99570943771268\n ],\n [\n -103.58322143554688,\n 47.03222659199384\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba50ce4b08c986b320780","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, D.L. 0000-0001-5202-0634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":69501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027077,"text":"70027077 - 2004 - Earthquake scenario and probabilistic ground-shaking hazard maps for the Albuquerque-Belen-Santa Fe, New Mexico, corridor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T19:00:24","indexId":"70027077","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2860,"text":"New Mexico Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake scenario and probabilistic ground-shaking hazard maps for the Albuquerque-Belen-Santa Fe, New Mexico, corridor","docAbstract":"

New Mexico's population is concentrated along the corridor that extends from Belen in the south to Española in the north and includes Albuquerque and Santa Fe. The Rio Grande rift, which encompasses the corridor, is a major tectonically, volcanically, and seismically active continental rift in the western U.S. Although only one large earthquake (moment magnitude (M) ≥ 6) has possibly occurred in the New Mexico portion of the rift since 1849, paleoseismic data indicate that prehistoric surface-faulting earthquakes of M 6.5 and greater have occurred on aver- age every 400 yrs on many faults throughout the Rio Grande rift.

\n

We have developed a series of nine scenario and probabilistic hazard maps that portray the ground shaking that could occur in the Albuquerque-Belen-Santa Fe corridor from future earthquakes in New Mexico. These maps, at a scale of 1:500,000, display color-contoured ground-motion values in terms of the parameters of peak horizontal acceleration and horizontal spectral accelerations at 0.2 and 1.0 second (sec) periods. The maps depict surficial ground shaking and incorporate the site-response effects at locations underlain by unconsolidated sediments. The scenario maps are for a M 7.0 earthquake rupturing the Sandia-Rincon faults, which are adjacent to and dip west beneath Albuquerque. The probabilistic maps are for the two annual exceedance probabilities of building code relevance, 10% and 2% exceedance probabilities in 50 yrs (corresponding to return periods of 500 and 2,500 yrs, respectively).

\n

We included 57 Quaternary faults, all located within the Rio Grande rift, in the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. These faults were characterized in terms of their geometry, rupture behavior (including possible segmentation), maximum expected earthquake magnitude, recurrence model, probability of activity, and slip rate. Preferred maximum magnitude values for these faults ranged from M 6.1 to 7.4 and preferred slip rates from 0.01 to approximately 0.12 mm/yr. Regional source zones and Gaussian smoothing of the historical seismicity were also included in the probabilistic hazard analysis to account for the hazard from background earthquakes (M ≤ 6.5).

\n

A numerical ground-motion modeling approach and empirical attenuation relation- ships appropriate for extensional tectonic regimes were used to compute the scenario earthquake and probabilistic ground motions on rock. Amplification factors were then used to modify the rock motions and hence to incorporate site response into the hazard maps. These factors were based on three generalized geologic site-response categories (hard rock, soft rock, and firm/stiff soil) and were adopted from similar California-based categories because insufficient subsurface geologic and geotechnical data are available for the map area.

\n

The resulting hazard maps indicate that from both scenario and probabilistic perspectives, the ground-shaking hazard in the Albuquerque–Belen–Santa Fe corridor from future earthquakes could be severe, damaging, and potentially disastrous. In the event of a M 7.0 earthquake occurring on the Sandia–Rincon faults, ground shaking as characterized by peak ground acceleration could reach 0.7 g in much of the eastern half of the Albuquerque metropolitan area. (1 g = 980 cm/sec, the rate of gravitational acceleration.) These high ground motions will be attributable to the city’s location directly over the Sandia–Rincon faults and the amplifying effect of the unconsolidated sediments within the Albuquerque Basin. These levels of ground shaking will probably result in severe damage to traditional adobe construction and even to modern buildings. Long- period ground motions (> 1.0 sec), which are significant to long and tall structures (e.g., tall buildings, long bridges, and highway overpasses), will also be high (> 1.0 g). Injuries and loss of life will be likely.

\n

For the 500- and 2,500-yr return period maps, the highest peak accelerations are predicted to be at the damaging levels of 0.3 g and 0.6 g, respectively. All maps show dramatically the frequency-dependent amplification of unconsolidated sediments in the basins along the Rio Grande valley (e.g., Albuquerque Basin). The pattern of amplification and deamplification is clearly a function of the distribution of unconsolidated sediments.

\n

These maps are not intended to be a substitute for site-specific studies for engineering design nor to replace standard maps commonly referenced in building codes. Rather, we hope that these maps will be used as a guide by government agencies; the engineering, urban planning, emergency preparedness, and response communities; and the general public as part of an overall program to reduce earthquake risk and losses in New Mexico.

","language":"English","publisher":"New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources","issn":"0196948X","usgsCitation":"Wong, I., Olig, S., Dober, M., Silva, W., Wright, D., Thomas, P., Gregor, N., Sanford, A., Lin, K., and Love, D., 2004, Earthquake scenario and probabilistic ground-shaking hazard maps for the Albuquerque-Belen-Santa Fe, New Mexico, corridor: New Mexico Geology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 3-33.","productDescription":"31","startPage":"3","endPage":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324990,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/periodicals/nmg/backissues/home.cfml?SpecificYear=&FromYear=&ToYear=&Volume=26&Number=1&title=&author=&keywords=&NMcounty=ANY&Submit=Search"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 36.56260003738548\n ],\n [\n -103.11767578124999,\n 32.008075959291055\n ],\n [\n -106.63330078125,\n 32.008075959291055\n ],\n [\n -106.63330078125,\n 31.89621446335144\n ],\n [\n -106.61132812499999,\n 31.82156451492074\n ],\n [\n -108.21533203125,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -108.25927734375,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 31.3348710339506\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 37.020098201368114\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0502e4b0c8380cd50bf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, I.","contributorId":20508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olig, S.","contributorId":80055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olig","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dober, M.","contributorId":44721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dober","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Silva, W.","contributorId":52693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, D.","contributorId":6158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thomas, P.","contributorId":59185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gregor, N.","contributorId":27242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregor","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sanford, A.","contributorId":40361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lin, K.-W.","contributorId":64775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"K.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Love, D.","contributorId":15809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70027099,"text":"70027099 - 2004 - Using lidar and effective LAI data to evaluate IKONOS and Landsat 7 ETM+ vegetation cover estimates in a ponderosa pine forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T11:56:23","indexId":"70027099","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using lidar and effective LAI data to evaluate IKONOS and Landsat 7 ETM+ vegetation cover estimates in a ponderosa pine forest","docAbstract":"

Structural and functional analyses of ecosystems benefit when high accuracy vegetation coverages can be derived over large areas. In this study, we utilize IKONOS, Landsat 7 ETM+, and airborne scanning light detection and ranging (lidar) to quantify coniferous forest and understory grass coverages in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) dominated ecosystem in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Linear spectral mixture analyses of IKONOS and ETM+ data were used to isolate spectral endmembers (bare soil, understory grass, and tree/shade) and calculate their subpixel fractional coverages. We then compared these endmember cover estimates to similar cover estimates derived from lidar data and field measures. The IKONOS-derived tree/shade fraction was significantly correlated with the field-measured canopy effective leaf area index (LAIe) (r2=0.55, p<0.001) and with the lidar-derived estimate of tree occurrence (r2=0.79, p<0.001). The enhanced vegetation index (EVI) calculated from IKONOS imagery showed a negative correlation with the field measured tree canopy effective LAI and lidar tree cover response (r2=0.30, r=−0.55 and r2=0.41, r=−0.64, respectively; p<0.001) and further analyses indicate a strong linear relationship between EVI and the IKONOS-derived grass fraction (r2=0.99, p<0.001). We also found that using EVI resulted in better agreement with the subpixel vegetation fractions in this ecosystem than using normalized difference of vegetation index (NDVI). Coarsening the IKONOS data to 30 m resolution imagery revealed a stronger relationship with lidar tree measures (r2=0.77, p<0.001) than at 4 m resolution (r2=0.58, p<0.001). Unmixed tree/shade fractions derived from 30 m resolution ETM+ imagery also showed a significant correlation with the lidar data (r2=0.66, p<0.001). These results demonstrate the power of using high resolution lidar data to validate spectral unmixing results of satellite imagery, and indicate that IKONOS data and Landsat 7 ETM+ data both can serve to make the important distinction between tree/shade coverage and exposed understory grass coverage during peak summertime greenness in a ponderosa pine forest ecosystem.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2003.11.003","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Chen, X., Vierling, L., Rowell, E., and DeFelice, T., 2004, Using lidar and effective LAI data to evaluate IKONOS and Landsat 7 ETM+ vegetation cover estimates in a ponderosa pine forest: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 91, no. 1, p. 14-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2003.11.003.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209050,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2003.11.003"}],"volume":"91","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc068e4b08c986b32a0e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, X.","contributorId":76527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vierling, Lee","contributorId":17022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vierling","given":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowell, E.","contributorId":26867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowell","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeFelice, Tom","contributorId":9829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFelice","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027055,"text":"70027055 - 2004 - Drag coefficients for modeling flow through emergent vegetation in the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027055","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drag coefficients for modeling flow through emergent vegetation in the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"Hydraulic data collected in a flume fitted with pans of sawgrass were analyzed to determine the vertically averaged drag coefficient as a function of vegetation characteristics. The drag coefficient is required for modeling flow through emergent vegetation at low Reynolds numbers in the Florida Everglades. Parameters of the vegetation, such as the stem population per unit bed area and the average stem/leaf width, were measured for five fixed vegetation layers. The vertically averaged vegetation parameters for each experiment were then computed by weighted average over the submerged portion of the vegetation. Only laminar flow through emergent vegetation was considered, because this is the dominant flow regime of the inland Everglades. A functional form for the vegetation drag coefficient was determined by linear regression of the logarithmic transforms of measured resistance force and Reynolds number. The coefficients of the drag coefficient function were then determined for the Everglades, using extensive flow and vegetation measurements taken in the field. The Everglades data show that the stem spacing and the Reynolds number are important parameters for the determination of vegetation drag coefficient. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.05.001","issn":"09258574","usgsCitation":"Lee, J.K., Roig, L., Jenter, H., and Visser, H.M., 2004, Drag coefficients for modeling flow through emergent vegetation in the Florida Everglades: Ecological Engineering, v. 22, no. 4-5, p. 237-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.05.001.","startPage":"237","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209268,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.05.001"},{"id":235552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03bee4b0c8380cd5062d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, J. K.","contributorId":28233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roig, L.C.","contributorId":97687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roig","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenter, H. L.","contributorId":25167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenter","given":"H. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Visser, H. M.","contributorId":53858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Visser","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027054,"text":"70027054 - 2004 - Assessing subglacial processes from diatom fragmentation patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027054","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing subglacial processes from diatom fragmentation patterns","docAbstract":"Reconstructing the size and glacial style of past ice-sheet advances requires interpreting complex glacial sedimentary facies. We use diatoms, a major component of Antarctic continental shelf deposits, to infer the physical conditions under which these deposits were emplaced. The degree of diatom fragmentation and the presence of diatoms of varying stratigraphic age in glacial sediments provide means to qualitatively gauge glacial mixing and transport. Here we report an experimentally calibrated index of diatom fragmentation that provides a simple but objective method of assessing the degree of subshearing imparted on marine glacial sedimentary deposits. By using a ring-shear device to subject diatomaceous sediment to stresses comparable to those beneath the Ross ice streams, we quantitatively assess patterns of diatom comminution resulting from compaction and from progressive shear stress. Elongate pennate diatoms are found to break disproportionately to discoid centric diatoms when subjected to shear stress; thus, a simple ratio of unbroken centric to pennate diatoms provides a reliable gauge of past shearing. Comparison of ring-shear results with a suite of previously analyzed sediments that represent a variety of glacial, glacial-marine, and hemipelagic settings of the Ross Sea and subglacial Ross Embayment demonstrates that this index can be employed for estimating relative subglacial stresses in this setting. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G20423.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Scherer, R., Sjunneskog, C., Iverson, N., and Hooyer, T., 2004, Assessing subglacial processes from diatom fragmentation patterns: Geology, v. 32, no. 7, p. 557-560, https://doi.org/10.1130/G20423.1.","startPage":"557","endPage":"560","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209267,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G20423.1"},{"id":235551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede3e4b0c8380cd49a9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scherer, R.P.","contributorId":74558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scherer","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sjunneskog, C.M.","contributorId":35105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sjunneskog","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iverson, N.R.","contributorId":19682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hooyer, T.S.","contributorId":83242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooyer","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027201,"text":"70027201 - 2004 - The origin and mechanisms of salinization of the Lower Jordan River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70027201","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The origin and mechanisms of salinization of the Lower Jordan River","docAbstract":"The chemical and isotopic (87Sr/86Sr, ??11B, ??34Ssulfate, ??18Owater, ??15Nnitrate) compositions of water from the Lower Jordan River and its major tributaries between the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea were determined in order to reveal the origin of the salinity of the Jordan River. We identified three separate hydrological zones along the flow of the river: (1) A northern section (20 km downstream of its source) where the base flow composed of diverted saline and wastewaters is modified due to discharge of shallow sulfate-rich groundwater, characterized by low 87Sr/86Sr (0.7072), ??34Ssulfate (-2???), high ??11B (???36???), ??15Nnitrate (???15???) and high ??18Owater (-2 to-3???) values. The shallow groundwater is derived from agricultural drainage water mixed with natural saline groundwater and discharges to both the Jordan and Yarmouk rivers. The contribution of the groundwater component in the Jordan River flow, deduced from mixing relationships of solutes and strontium isotopes, varies from 20 to 50% of the total flow. (2) A central zone (20-50 km downstream from its source) where salt variations are minimal and the rise of 87Sr/86Sr and SO4/Cl ratios reflects predominance of eastern surface water flows. (3) A southern section (50-100 km downstream of its source) where the total dissolved solids of the Jordan River increase, particularly during the spring (70-80 km) and summer (80-100 km) to values as high as 11.1 g/L. Variations in the chemical and isotopic compositions of river water along the southern section suggest that the Zarqa River (87Sr/86Sr???0.70865; ??11B???25???) has a negligible affect on the Jordan River. Instead, the river quality is influenced primarily by groundwater discharge composed of sulfate-rich saline groundwater (Cl-=31-180 mM; SO4/Cl???0.2-0.5; Br/Cl???2-3??10-3; 87Sr/86Sr???0.70805; ??11B???30???; ??15Nnitrate ???17???, ??34Ssulfate=4-10???), and Ca-chloride Rift valley brines (Cl-=846-1500 mM; Br/Cl???6-8??10-3; 87Sr/86Sr???0.7080; ??11B???40???; ??34Ssulfate=4-10???). Mixing calculations indicate that the groundwater discharged to the river is composed of varying proportions of brines and sulfate-rich saline groundwater. Solute mass balance calculations point to a ???10% contribution of saline groundwater (Cl-=282 to 564 mM) to the river. A high nitrate level (up to 2.5 mM) in the groundwater suggests that drainage of wastewater derived irrigation water is an important source for the groundwater. This irrigation water appears to leach Pleistocene sediments of the Jordan Valley resulting in elevated sulfate contents and altered strontium and boron isotopic compositions of the groundwater that in turn impacts the water quality of the lower Jordan River. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.021","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Farber, E., Vengosh, A., Gavrieli, I., Marie, A., Bullen, T., Mayer, B., Holtzman, R., Segal, M., and Shavit, U., 2004, The origin and mechanisms of salinization of the Lower Jordan River: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, no. 9, p. 1989-2006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.021.","startPage":"1989","endPage":"2006","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209006,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.021"}],"volume":"68","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae64e4b08c986b324073","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farber, E.","contributorId":31955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farber","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vengosh, A.","contributorId":88925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vengosh","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gavrieli, I.","contributorId":88134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gavrieli","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marie, Amarisa","contributorId":83090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marie","given":"Amarisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mayer, B.","contributorId":84538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Holtzman, R.","contributorId":9044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtzman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Segal, M.","contributorId":104683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segal","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Shavit, U.","contributorId":15807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shavit","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70027053,"text":"70027053 - 2004 - Estimating Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) abundance: Crab pots and dive transects compared","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T14:31:07","indexId":"70027053","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) abundance: Crab pots and dive transects compared","docAbstract":"

Dungeness crabs (Cancer magister) were sampled with commercial pots and counted by scuba divers on benthic transects at eight sites near Glacier Bay, Alaska. Catch per unit of effort (CPUE) from pots was compared to the density estimates from dives to evaluate the bias and power of the two techniques. Yearly sampling was conducted in two seasons: April and September, from 1992 to 2000. Male CPUE estimates from pots were significantly lower in April than in the following September; a step-wise regression demonstrated that season accounted for more of the variation in male CPUE than did temperature. In both April and September, pot sampling was significantly biased against females. When females were categorized as ovigerous and nonovigerous, it was clear that ovigerous females accounted for the majority of the bias because pots were not biased against nonovigerous females. We compared the power of pots and dive transects in detecting trends in populations and found that pots had much higher power than dive transects. Despite their low power, the dive transects were very useful for detecting bias in our pot sampling and in identifying the optimal times of year to sample so that pot bias could be avoided.

","language":"English","publisher":"NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service","issn":"00900656","usgsCitation":"Taggart, S.J., O’Clair, C.E., Shirley, T.C., and Mondragon, J., 2004, Estimating Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) abundance: Crab pots and dive transects compared: Fishery Bulletin, v. 102, no. 3, p. 488-497.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"488","endPage":"497","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":336092,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fishbull.noaa.gov/1023/1023toc.htm","text":"Fishery Bulletin: Volume 102, Issue 3"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -137.04345703125,\n 58.25028193440733\n ],\n [\n -135.4010009765625,\n 58.25028193440733\n ],\n [\n -135.4010009765625,\n 58.77104825721719\n ],\n [\n -137.04345703125,\n 58.77104825721719\n ],\n [\n -137.04345703125,\n 58.25028193440733\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0afde4b0c8380cd524f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taggart, S. James","contributorId":30131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Clair, Charles E.","contributorId":60571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Clair","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shirley, Thomas C.","contributorId":17409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shirley","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12548,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":412140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mondragon, Jennifer","contributorId":57580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mondragon","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027052,"text":"70027052 - 2004 - Coral reef complexes at an atypical windward platform margin: Late Quaternary, southeast Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027052","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coral reef complexes at an atypical windward platform margin: Late Quaternary, southeast Florida","docAbstract":"Major coral reef complexes rim many modern and ancient carbonate platforms. Their role in margin evolution is not fully understood, particularly when they border a margin atypical of the classic model. Classic windward margins are steeply inclined. The windward margin of southeast Florida is distinct with a very low-gradient slope and a shelf edge ringed with 30-m-high Quaternary outlier reefs on a shallow upper-slope terrace. A newly developed synthesis of temporally well-constrained geologic events is used with surface and subsurface seismic-reflection contours to construct morphogenetic models of four discontinuous reef-complex sequences. The models show uneven subsurface topography, upward and landward buildups, and a previously unreported, rapid, Holocene progradation. The terms backstepped reef-complex margin, backfilled prograded margin, and coalesced reef-complex margin are proposed for sections exhibiting suitable signatures in the stratigraphic record. The models have significant implications for interpretation of ancient analogues. The Florida record chronicles four kinds of geologic events. (1) Thirteen transgressions high enough for marine deposition occurred between ca. 325 ka and the present. Six gave rise to stratigraphically successive coral reef complexes between ca. 185 and ca. 77.8 ka. The seventh reef ecosystem is Holocene. (2) Two primary coral reef architectures built the outer shelf and margin, producing respective ridge-and-swale and reef-and-trough geometries of very different scales. (3) Massive outlier reefs developed on an upper-slope terrace between ca. 106.5 and ca. 80 ka and are inferred to contain corals that would date to highstands at ca. 140 and 125 ka. (4) Sea level remained below elevation of the shelf between ca. 77.8 and ca. 9.6 ka. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25172.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Lidz, B.H., 2004, Coral reef complexes at an atypical windward platform margin: Late Quaternary, southeast Florida: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 116, no. 7-8, p. 974-988, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25172.1.","startPage":"974","endPage":"988","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209240,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25172.1"},{"id":235514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc08e4b0c8380cd4e0bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lidz, B. H.","contributorId":30651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}