{"pageNumber":"2751","pageRowStart":"68750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70026999,"text":"70026999 - 2004 - Using chromium stable isotope ratios to quantify Cr(VI) reduction: Lack of sorption effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T07:43:51","indexId":"70026999","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using chromium stable isotope ratios to quantify Cr(VI) reduction: Lack of sorption effects","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Chromium stable isotope values can be effectively used to monitor reduction of Cr(VI) in natural waters. We investigate effects of sorption during transport of Cr(VI) which may also shift Cr isotopes values, complicating efforts to quantify reduction. This study shows that Cr stable isotope fractionation caused by sorption is negligible. Equilibrium fractionation of Cr stable isotopes between dissolved Cr(VI) and Cr(VI) adsorbed onto γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and goethite is less than 0.04‰ (<sup>53</sup>Cr/<sup>52</sup>Cr) under environmentally relevant pH conditions. Batch experiments at pH 4.0 and pH 6.0 were conducted in series to sequentially magnify small isotope fractionations. A simple transport model suggests that adsorption may cause amplification of a small isotope fractionation along extreme fringes of a plume, leading to shifts in<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>53</sup>Cr/<sup>52</sup>Cr values. We therefore suggest that isotope values at extreme fringes of Cr plumes be critically evaluated for sorption effects. A kinetic effect was observed in experiments with goethite at pH 4 where apparently lighter isotopes diffuse into goethite clumps at a faster rate before eventually reaching equilibrium. This observed kinetic effect may be important in a natural system that has not attained equilibrium and is in need of further study. Cr isotope fractionation caused by speciation of Cr(VI) between HCrO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and CrO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>was also examined, and we conclude that it is not measurable. In the absence of isotope fractionation caused by equilibrium speciation and sorption, most of the variation in δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values may be attributed to reduction, and reliable estimates of Cr reduction can be made.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0352294","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Ellis, A., Johnson, T., and Bullen, T., 2004, Using chromium stable isotope ratios to quantify Cr(VI) reduction: Lack of sorption effects: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 13, p. 3604-3607, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0352294.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"3604","endPage":"3607","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209045,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0352294"}],"volume":"38","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc03fe4b08c986b329ff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, A.S.","contributorId":10586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, T.M.","contributorId":22332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026997,"text":"70026997 - 2004 - Three-dimensional distribution of gas hydrate beneath southern Hydrate Ridge: Constraints from ODP Leg 204","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70026997","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional distribution of gas hydrate beneath southern Hydrate Ridge: Constraints from ODP Leg 204","docAbstract":"Large uncertainties about the energy resource potential and role in global climate change of gas hydrates result from uncertainty about how much hydrate is contained in marine sediments. During Leg 204 of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) to the accretionary complex of the Cascadia subduction zone, we sampled the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) from the seafloor to its base in contrasting geological settings defined by a 3D seismic survey. By integrating results from different methods, including several new techniques developed for Leg 204, we overcome the problem of spatial under-sampling inherent in robust methods traditionally used for estimating the hydrate content of cores and obtain a high-resolution, quantitative estimate of the total amount and spatial variability of gas hydrate in this structural system. We conclude that high gas hydrate content (30-40% of pore space or 20-26% of total volume) is restricted to the upper tens of meters below the seafloor near the summit of the structure, where vigorous fluid venting occurs. Elsewhere, the average gas hydrate content of the sediments in the gas hydrate stability zone is generally <2% of the pore space, although this estimate may increase by a factor of 2 when patchy zones of locally higher gas hydrate content are included in the calculation. These patchy zones are structurally and stratigraphically controlled, contain up to 20% hydrate in the pore space when averaged over zones ???10 m thick, and may occur in up to ???20% of the region imaged by 3D seismic data. This heterogeneous gas hydrate distribution is an important constraint on models of gas hydrate formation in marine sediments and the response of the sediments to tectonic and environmental change. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.035","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Trehu, A., Long, P., Torres, M., Bohrmann, G., Rack, F., Collett, T.S., Goldberg, D., Milkov, A., Riedel, M., Schultheiss, P., Bangs, N., Barr, S.R., Borowski, W., Claypool, G., Delwiche, M., Dickens, G., Gracia, E., Guerin, G., Holland, M., Johnson, J., Lee, Y., Liu, C., Su, X., Teichert, B., Tomaru, H., Vanneste, M., Watanabe, M.E., and Weinberger, J., 2004, Three-dimensional distribution of gas hydrate beneath southern Hydrate Ridge: Constraints from ODP Leg 204: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 222, no. 3-4, p. 845-862, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.035.","startPage":"845","endPage":"862","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209020,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.035"}],"volume":"222","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb326e4b08c986b325bee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trehu, A.M.","contributorId":90754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trehu","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, P.E.","contributorId":37514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torres, M.E.","contributorId":58443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohrmann, G.","contributorId":50700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohrmann","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rack, F.R.","contributorId":24147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rack","given":"F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goldberg, D.S.","contributorId":62001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Milkov, A.V.","contributorId":81272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milkov","given":"A.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Riedel, M.","contributorId":65268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Schultheiss, P.","contributorId":79657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultheiss","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bangs, N.L.","contributorId":17385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bangs","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Barr, S. R.","contributorId":92473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barr","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Borowski, W.S.","contributorId":39984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borowski","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Claypool, George E.","contributorId":8475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claypool","given":"George E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Delwiche, M.E.","contributorId":42003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delwiche","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Dickens, G.R.","contributorId":88101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickens","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Gracia, E.","contributorId":85380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gracia","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Guerin, G.","contributorId":51943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guerin","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Holland, M.","contributorId":17380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Johnson, J.E.","contributorId":44857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Lee, Y.-J.","contributorId":13793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Y.-J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Liu, C.-S.","contributorId":10972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"C.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Su, X.","contributorId":10973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Su","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Teichert, B.","contributorId":78134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teichert","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Tomaru, H.","contributorId":34305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomaru","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Vanneste, M.","contributorId":16629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanneste","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Watanabe, M. E.","contributorId":82264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watanabe","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Weinberger, J.L.","contributorId":95662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinberger","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28}]}}
,{"id":70026309,"text":"70026309 - 2004 - Apparent stress, fault maturity and seismic hazard for normal-fault earthquakes at subduction zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026309","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Apparent stress, fault maturity and seismic hazard for normal-fault earthquakes at subduction zones","docAbstract":"The behavior of apparent stress for normal-fault earthquakes at subduction zones is derived by examining the apparent stress (?? a = ??Es/Mo, where E s is radiated energy and Mo is seismic moment) of all globally distributed shallow (depth, ?? < 70 km) earthquakes with normal-fault mechanisms that occurred in or near subduction zones between 1987 and 2001 for which Es and M o are available. Accurately determined hypocentres from the Engdahl-Hilst-Buland (EHB) catalogue establish the fine detail of the Wadati-Benioff zone. In many cases, we can relate trends in apparent stress to specific features within the subduction zone and compare these with trends for interplate-thrust earthquakes in the same subduction zones. There are two depth ranges over which ??a, for normal-fault earthquakes shows maxima. The highest and most anomalous values of ??a are found in the deeper depth range from 35 to 70 km. The high-??a, events (up to 5 MPa) are characteristically intraslab and in proximity to zones of intense deformation such as a sharp slab bend or where opposing slabs collide. High-??a events in the region of the shallower maximum (hypocentres between 10-35 km and ??a > 1 MPa) are also generally intraslab, but occur where the lithosphere has just begun subduction beneath the overriding plate. They usually occur in cold slabs near trenches where the direction of plate motion across the trench is oblique to the trench axis, or where there are local contortions or geometrical complexities of the plate boundary. Lower ??a (< 1 MPa) is associated with events occurring at the outer rise (OR) complex (between the OR and the trench axis), as well as with intracrustal events occurring just landward of the trench. The average apparent stress of intraslab-normal-fault earthquakes is considerably higher than the average apparent stress of interplate-thrust-fault earthquakes. In turn, the average ?? a of strike-slip earthquakes in intraoceanic environments is considerably higher than that of intraslab-normal-fault earthquakes. The variation of average ??a with focal mechanism and tectonic regime suggests that the level of ?? a is related to fault maturity. Lower stress drops are needed to rupture mature faults such as those found at plate interfaces that have been smoothed by large cumulative displacements (from hundreds to thousands of kilometres). In contrast, immature faults, such as those on which intraslab-normal-fault earthquakes generally occur, are found in cold and intact lithosphere in which total fault displacement has been much less (from hundreds of metres to a few kilometres). Also, faults on which high ??a oceanic strike-slip earthquakes occur are predominantly intraplate or at evolving ends of transforms. At subduction zones, earthquakes occurring on immature faults are likely to be more hazardous as they tend to generate higher amounts of radiated energy per unit of moment than earthquakes occurring on mature faults. We have identified earthquake pairs in which an interplate-thrust and an intraslab-normal earthquake occurred remarkably close in space and time. The intraslab-normal member of each pair radiated anomalously high amounts of energy compared to its thrust-fault counterpart. These intraslab earthquakes probably ruptured intact slab mantle and are dramatic examples in which Mc (an energy magnitude) is shown to be a far better estimate of the potential for earthquake damage than Mw. This discovery may help explain why loss of life as a result of intraslab earthquakes was greater in the 20th century in Latin America than the fatalities associated with interplate-thrust events that represented much higher total moment release. ?? 2004 RAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02449.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Choy, G.L., and Kirby, S.H., 2004, Apparent stress, fault maturity and seismic hazard for normal-fault earthquakes at subduction zones: Geophysical Journal International, v. 159, no. 3, p. 991-1012, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02449.x.","startPage":"991","endPage":"1012","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208596,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02449.x"},{"id":234434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec7be4b0c8380cd492d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choy, G. L. 0000-0002-0217-5555","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-5555","contributorId":78322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008306,"text":"1008306 - 2004 - Determining nest predators of the Least Bell's Vireo through point counts, tracking stations, and video photography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T15:58:03","indexId":"1008306","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining nest predators of the Least Bell's Vireo through point counts, tracking stations, and video photography","docAbstract":"<p><span>We compared three methods to determine nest predators of the Least Bell's Vireo (</span><i>Vireo bellii pusillus</i><span>) in San Diego County, California, during spring and summer 2000. Point counts and tracking stations were used to identify potential predators and video photography to document actual nest predators. Parental behavior at depredated nests was compared to that at successful nests to determine whether activity (frequency of trips to and from the nest) and singing vs. non-singing on the nest affected nest predation. Yellow-breasted Chats (</span><i>Icteria virens</i><span>) were the most abundant potential avian predator, followed by Western Scrub-Jays (</span><i>Aphelocoma californica</i><span>). Coyotes (</span><i>Canis latrans</i><span>) were abundant, with smaller mammalian predators occurring in low abundance. Cameras documented a 48% predation rate with scrub-jays as the major nest predators (67%), but Virginia opossums (</span><i>Didelphis virginiana</i><span>, 17%), gopher snakes (</span><i>Pituophis melanoleucus</i><span>, 8%) and Argentine ants (</span><i>Linepithema humile</i><span>, 8%) were also confirmed predators. Identification of potential predators from tracking stations and point counts demonstrated only moderate correspondence with actual nest predators. Parental behavior at the nest prior to depredation was not related to nest outcome.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","doi":"10.1648/0273-8570-75.1.89","usgsCitation":"Peterson, B.L., Kus, B., and Deutschman, D.H., 2004, Determining nest predators of the Least Bell's Vireo through point counts, tracking stations, and video photography: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 75, no. 1, p. 89-95, https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-75.1.89.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667409","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Bonnie L.","contributorId":174932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Bonnie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kus, Barbara E. 0000-0002-3679-3044 barbara_kus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3679-3044","contributorId":3026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"Barbara E.","email":"barbara_kus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deutschman, Douglas H.","contributorId":174936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deutschman","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026887,"text":"70026887 - 2004 - Assembly of the Pamirs: Age and origin of magmatic belts from the southern Tien Shan to the southern Pamirs and their relation to Tibet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026887","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assembly of the Pamirs: Age and origin of magmatic belts from the southern Tien Shan to the southern Pamirs and their relation to Tibet","docAbstract":"Magmatic rocks and depositional setting of associated volcaniclastic strata along a north-south traverse spanning the southern Tien Shan and eastern Pamirs of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan constrain the tectonics of the Pamirs and Tibet. The northern Pamirs and northwestern Tibet contain the north facing Kunlun suture, the south facing Jinsha suture, and the intervening Carboniferous to Triassic Karakul-Mazar subduction accretion system; the latter is correlated with the Songpan-Garze-Hoh Xi system of Tibet. The Kunlun arc is a composite early Paleozoic to late Paleozoic-Triassic arc. Arc formation in the Pamirs is characterized by ???370-320 Ma volcanism that probably continued until the Triassic. The cryptic Tanymas suture of the southern northern Pamirs is part of the Jinsha suture. A massive ??????227 Ma batholith stitches the Karakul-Mazar complex in the Pamirs. There are striking similarities between the Qiangtang block in the Pamirs and Tibet. Like Tibet, the regional structure of the Pamirs is an anticlinorium that includes the Muskol and Sares domes. Like Tibet, the metamorphic rocks in these domes are equivalents to the Karakul-Mazar-Songpan-Garze system. Granitoids intruding the Qiangtang block yield ???200-230 Ma ages in the Pamirs and in central Tibet. The stratigraphy of the eastern Pshart area in the Pamirs is similar to the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone in the Amdo region of eastern central Tibet, but a Triassic ocean basin sequence is preserved in the Pamirs. Arc-type granitoids that intruded into the eastern Pshart oceanic-basin-arc sequence (???190-160 Ma) and granitoids that cut the southern Qiangtang block (???170-160 Ma) constitute the Rushan-Pshart arc. Cretaceous plutons that intruded the central and southern Pamirs record a long-lasting magmatic history. Their zircons and those from late Miocene xenoliths show that the most distinct magmatic events were Cambro-Ordovician (???410-575 Ma), Triassic (???210-250 Ma; likely due to subduction along the Jinsha suture), Middle Jurassic (???147-195 Ma; subduction along Rushan-Pshart suture), and mainly Cretaceous. Middle and Late Cretaceous magmatism may reflect arc activity in Asia prior to the accretion of the Karakoram block and flat-slab subduction along the Shyok suture north of the Kohistan-Ladakh arc, respectively. Before India and Asia collided, the Pamir region from the Indus-Yarlung to the Jinsha suture was an Andean-style plate margin. Our analysis suggests a relatively simple crustal structure for the Pamirs and Tibet. From the Kunlun arc in the north to the southern Qiangtang block in the south the Pamirs and Tibet likely have a dominantly sedimentary crust, characterized by Karakul-Mazar-Songpan-Garze accretionary wedge rocks. The crust south of the southern Qiangtang block is likely of granodioritic composition, reflecting long-lived subduction, arc formation, and Cretaceous-Cenozoic underthrusting. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003TC001583","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Schwab, M., Ratschbacher, L., Siebel, W., McWilliams, M., Minaev, V., Lutkov, V., Chen, F., Stanek, K., Nelson, B., Frisch, W., and Wooden, J.L., 2004, Assembly of the Pamirs: Age and origin of magmatic belts from the southern Tien Shan to the southern Pamirs and their relation to Tibet: Tectonics, v. 23, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003TC001583.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478251,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003tc001583","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209017,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003TC001583"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edc6e4b0c8380cd499d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwab, M.","contributorId":103052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratschbacher, L.","contributorId":49154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratschbacher","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siebel, W.","contributorId":55622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siebel","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McWilliams, M.","contributorId":39121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McWilliams","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Minaev, V.","contributorId":19350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minaev","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lutkov, V.","contributorId":64004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutkov","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chen, F.","contributorId":103053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stanek, K.","contributorId":105893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanek","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nelson, B.","contributorId":20522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Frisch, W.","contributorId":19753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frisch","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wooden, J. 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,{"id":70026888,"text":"70026888 - 2004 - Relatedness and nesting dispersion within breeding populations of Greater White-fronted Geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-03T15:25:40.771357","indexId":"70026888","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relatedness and nesting dispersion within breeding populations of Greater White-fronted Geese","docAbstract":"<p>We studied patterns of relatedness and nesting dispersion in female Pacific Greater White-fronted Geese (<i>Anser albifrons frontalis</i>) in Alaska. Female Greater White-fronted Geese are thought to be strongly philopatric and are often observed nesting in close association with other females. Analysis of the distribution of nests on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in 1998 indicated that nests were significantly clumped. We tested the hypothesis that females in the same nest cluster would be closely related using estimates of genetic relatedness based on six microsatellite DNA loci. There was no difference in the mean relatedness of females in the same cluster compared to females found in different clusters. However, relatedness among females was negatively correlated with distance between their nests, and geese nesting within 50 m of one another tended to be more closely related than those nesting farther apart. Randomization tests revealed that pairs of related individuals (R &gt; 0.45) were more likely to occur in the same cluster when analyzed at the scale of the entire study site. However, the pattern did not hold when restricted to pairs found within 500 m of each other. Our results indicate that nest clusters are not composed primarily of closely related females, but Greater White-fronted Geese appear to be sufficiently philopatric to promote nonrandom patterns of relatedness at a local scale.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.1650/7446","usgsCitation":"Fowler, A.C., Eadie, J., and Ely, C.R., 2004, Relatedness and nesting dispersion within breeding populations of Greater White-fronted Geese: Condor, v. 106, no. 3, p. 600-607, https://doi.org/10.1650/7446.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"600","endPage":"607","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478245,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/7446","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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C.","contributorId":95836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eadie, J.M.","contributorId":8034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eadie","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":411516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026996,"text":"70026996 - 2004 - Seventeenth-century uplift in eastern Hokkaido, Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70026996","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1905,"text":"Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seventeenth-century uplift in eastern Hokkaido, Japan","docAbstract":"Shores of eastern Hokkaido rose by perhaps 1 m a few centuries ago. The uplifted area extended at least 50 km along the southern Kuril Trench. It included the estuaries Akkeshi-ko and Hichirippu, on the Pacific coast, and Fu??ren-ko and Onneto??, which open to the Okhotsk Sea. At each estuary, intertidal and subtidal flats rose with respect to tide level; wetland plants colonized the emerging land; and peaty wetland deposits thereby covered mud and sand of the former flats. Previous work at Akkeshi-ko and Onneto?? showed that such emergence occurred at least three times in the past 3000 years. Volcanic-ash layers date the youngest emergence to the seventeenth century AD. New evidence from Akkeshi-ko, Hichirippu and Fu??ren-ko clarifies the age and amount of this youngest emergence. Much of it probably dates from the century's middle decades. Some of the newly emerged land remained above high tides into the middle of the eighteenth century or later. The emergence in the last half of the seventeenth century probably exceeded 0.5 m (inferred from stratigraphy and diatom palaeoecology) without far exceeding 1 m (estimated by comparing seventeenth- and eighteenth-century descriptions of Akkeshi-ko). The stratigraphy and palaeoecology of the emergence are better explained by tectonic uplift than by bay-mouth blockage, tidal-flat accretion or sea-level fall. Eastern Hokkaido needs occasional uplift, moreover, to help reconcile its raised marine terraces with its chronic twentieth-century subsidence. Because it took place above forearc mantle, eastern Hokkaido's seventeenth-century uplift probably lacks analogy with coseismic uplift that occurs above typical plate-boundary ruptures at subduction zones.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Holocene","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1191/0959683604hl726rp","issn":"09596836","usgsCitation":"Atwater, B., Furakawa, R., Hemphill-Haley, E., Ikeda, Y., Kashima, K., Kawase, K., Kelsey, H., Moore, A., Nanayama, F., Nishimura, Y., Odagiri, S., Ota, Y., Park, S., Satake, K., Sawai, Y., and Shimokawa, K., 2004, Seventeenth-century uplift in eastern Hokkaido, Japan: Holocene, v. 14, no. 4, p. 487-501, https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683604hl726rp.","startPage":"487","endPage":"501","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208998,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0959683604hl726rp"},{"id":235157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d7de4b08c986b318437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atwater, B.F. 0000-0003-1155-2815","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-2815","contributorId":14006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwater","given":"B.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furakawa, R.","contributorId":23733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furakawa","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemphill-Haley, E.","contributorId":69309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemphill-Haley","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ikeda, Y.","contributorId":105096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikeda","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kashima, K.","contributorId":76474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kashima","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kawase, K.","contributorId":60425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kawase","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kelsey, H.M.","contributorId":84300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelsey","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Moore, A.L.","contributorId":70931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nanayama, F.","contributorId":77340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanayama","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Nishimura, Y.","contributorId":58442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishimura","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Odagiri, S.","contributorId":54001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odagiri","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ota, Y.","contributorId":22504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ota","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Park, S.-C.","contributorId":76111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"S.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Satake, K.","contributorId":53124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Satake","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Sawai, Y.","contributorId":47510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawai","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Shimokawa, K.","contributorId":29614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shimokawa","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70026995,"text":"70026995 - 2004 - Floodtide pulses after low tides in shallow subembayments adjacent to deep channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T16:18:37","indexId":"70026995","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Floodtide pulses after low tides in shallow subembayments adjacent to deep channels","docAbstract":"<p>In shallow waters surface gravity waves (tides) propagate with a speed proportional to the square root of water depth (c=g(h+η)). As the ratio of free surface displacement to mean depth (η/h) approaches unity the wave will travel noticeably faster at high tide than at low tide, creating asymmetries in the tidal form. This physical process is explained analytically by the increased significance of friction and the nonlinear terms in the continuity and momentum equations. In a tidal system comprising a shallow bay adjacent to a deeper channel, tidal asymmetries will be more prevalent in the shallow bay. Thus strong barotropic gradients can be generated between the two, producing rapid accelerations of currents into the bay (relative to other bay tidal processes) and create a maximum peak in the flood tide that we describe as a floodtide pulse. These floodtide pulses can promote a landward flux of suspended-sediment into the bay. In Grizzly Bay (part of northern San Francisco Bay, USA), field observations verify the occurrence of floodtide pulses during the lowest low tides of the year. No pulses were observed in neighboring Honker Bay, which has an average depth ~30 cm greater than Grizzly Bay. Numerical simulations of northern San Francisco Bay using realistic bathymetry demonstrated that floodtide pulses occurred in Grizzly Bay but not in Honker Bay, consistent with the observations. Both observations and numerical simulations show that floodtide pulses promote a landward flux of sediment into Grizzly Bay. Numerical simulations of an idealized bay-channel system quantify the importance of mean depth and friction in creating these floodtide pulses.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2003.12.011","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Warner, J., Schoellhamer, D., Ruhl, C., and Burau, J., 2004, Floodtide pulses after low tides in shallow subembayments adjacent to deep channels: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 60, no. 2, p. 213-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2003.12.011.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"228","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.75024414062499,\n              37.38761749978395\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.59393310546875,\n              37.38761749978395\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.59393310546875,\n              38.507340712903456\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.75024414062499,\n              38.507340712903456\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.75024414062499,\n              37.38761749978395\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1223e4b0c8380cd541c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, J.C.","contributorId":46644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruhl, C.A.","contributorId":61208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burau, J.R. 0000-0002-5196-5035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":7307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026994,"text":"70026994 - 2004 - Comparing the November 2002 Denali and November 2001 Kunlun earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70026994","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing the November 2002 Denali and November 2001 Kunlun earthquakes","docAbstract":"Major strike-slip earthquakes recently occurred in Alaska on the central Denali fault (M 7.9) on 3 November 2002, and in Tibet on the central Kunlun fault (M 7.8) on 14 November 2001. Both earthquakes generated large surface waves with Ms [U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)] of 8.5 (Denali) and 8.0 (Kunlun). Each event occurred on an east-west-trending strike-slip fault situated near the northern boundary of an intense deformation zone that is characterized by lateral extrusion and rotation of crustal blocks. Each earthquake produced east-directed nearly unilateral ruptures that propagated 300 to 400 km. Maximum lateral surface offsets and maximum moment release occurred well beyond 100 km from the rupture initiation, with the events exhibiting by far the largest separations of USGS hypocenter and Harvard Moment Tensor Centroid (CMT) for strike-slip earthquakes in the 27-year CMT catalog. In each sequence, the largest aftershock was more than two orders of magnitude smaller than the mainshock. Regional moment release had been accelerating prior to the main shocks. The close proximity in space and time of the 1964 Prince William Sound and 2002 Denali earthquakes, relative to their rupture lengths and estimated return times, suggests that these events may be part of a recurrent cluster in the vicinity of a complex plate boundary.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120030185","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Bufe, C., 2004, Comparing the November 2002 Denali and November 2001 Kunlun earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 3, p. 1159-1165, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030185.","startPage":"1159","endPage":"1165","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208979,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120030185"},{"id":235121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f83ae4b0c8380cd4cf67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bufe, C. G.","contributorId":79443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bufe","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026223,"text":"70026223 - 2004 - Variation in freshwater growth and development among five New England Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations reared in a common environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026223","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Variation in freshwater growth and development among five New England Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations reared in a common environment","docAbstract":"We examined phenotypic variation in growth and development from the eyed-egg stage to the age-1+ smolt stage among five New England populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar: East Machias, Narraguagus, Sheepscot, Penobscot, Connecticut) reared in a common laboratory environment. Study populations originated from rivers varying in size, latitude, and level of hatchery supplementation and included one reintroduced population (Connecticut was a recipient of Penobscot origin stock). Phenotypic trait differences were found among populations, and the degree of stock variation depended on ontogeny. Eggs were smaller and hatched sooner in the Penobscot (a northern, intensively managed population), but no stock differences were detected in size or growth efficiency from the onset of exogenous feeding to age 0+ summer. Differences again emerged in age 0+ autumn, with the degree of bimodality in length-frequency distributions differing among stocks; the Connecticut had the highest proportion of upper-mode fish and, ultimately, age-1+ smolts. Although genetic effects could not be entirely separated from maternal effects for egg size variation, it is likely that differences in hatch timing and smolt age had a genetic basis. Early emphasis on age-1+ hatchery-reared smolts in the Connecticut may have led to divergence in smolt age between the Penobscot and Connecticut populations in less than eight generations. ?? 2004 NRC Canada.","largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","language":"English","doi":"10.1139/f05-005","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Obedzinski, M., and Letcher, B., 2004, Variation in freshwater growth and development among five New England Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations reared in a common environment, <i>in</i> Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 61, no. 12, p. 2314-2328, https://doi.org/10.1139/f05-005.","startPage":"2314","endPage":"2328","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208463,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-005"},{"id":234217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc159e4b08c986b32a526","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obedzinski, M.","contributorId":78513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obedzinski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":408621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026581,"text":"70026581 - 2004 - The habitats exploited and the species trapped in a Caribbean island trap fishery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026581","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The habitats exploited and the species trapped in a Caribbean island trap fishery","docAbstract":"We visually observed fish traps in situ to identify the habitats exploited by the U.S. Virgin Islands fishery and to document species composition and abundance in traps by habitat. Fishers set more traps in algal plains than in any other habitat around St. John. Coral reefs, traditionally targeted by fishers, accounted for only 16% of traps. Traps in algal plain contained the highest number of fishes per trap and the greatest numbers of preferred food species. Traps on coral reefs contained the most species, 41 of the 59 taxa observed in the study. Acanthurus coeruleus was the most abundant species and Acanthuridae the most abundant family observed in traps. Piscivore numbers were low and few serranids were observed. Traps in algal plain contained the most fishes as a result of: ecological changes such as shifts in habitat use, mobility of species and degradation of nearshore habitat (fishery independent); and, catchability of fishes and long-term heavy fishing pressure (fishery dependent). The low number of serranids per trap, dominance of the piscivore guild by a small benthic predator, Epinephelus guttatus, and dominance of trap contents overall by a small, fast-growing species of a lower trophic guild, Acanthurus coeruleus, all point to years of intense fishing pressure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10641-004-0301-x","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Garrison, V., Rogers, C., Beets, J., and Friedlander, A.M., 2004, The habitats exploited and the species trapped in a Caribbean island trap fishery: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 71, no. 3, p. 247-260, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-004-0301-x.","startPage":"247","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208518,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-004-0301-x"},{"id":234310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacace4b08c986b323661","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrison, V.H.","contributorId":70731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"V.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, C.S. 0000-0001-9056-6961","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-6961","contributorId":37274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beets, J.","contributorId":95640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beets","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedlander, A. M.","contributorId":38099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedlander","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026993,"text":"70026993 - 2004 - Compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis of sub-parts per billion level waterborne petroleum hydrocarbons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-07T12:53:25","indexId":"70026993","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis of sub-parts per billion level waterborne petroleum hydrocarbons","docAbstract":"Compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis (CSCIA and CSHIA) has been increasingly used to study the source, transport, and bioremediation of organic contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons. In natural aquatic systems, dissolved contaminants represent the bioavailable fraction that generally is of the greatest toxicological significance. However, determining the isotopic ratios of waterborne hydrophobic contaminants in natural waters is very challenging because of their extremely low concentrations (often at sub-parts ber billion, or even lower). To acquire sufficient quantities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with 10 ng/L concentration for CSHIA, more than 1000 L of water must be extracted. Conventional liquid/liquid or solid-phase extraction is not suitable for such large volume extractions. We have developed a new approach that is capable of efficiently sampling sub-parts per billion level waterborne petroleum hydrocarbons for CSIA. We use semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) to accumulate hydrophobic contaminants from polluted waters and then recover the compounds in the laboratory for CSIA. In this study, we demonstrate, under a variety of experimental conditions (different concentrations, temperatures, and turbulence levels), that SPMD-associated processes do not induce C and H isotopic fractionations. The applicability of SPMD-CSIA technology to natural systems is further demonstrated by determining the ??13C and ??D values of petroleum hydrocarbons present in the Pawtuxet River, RI. Our results show that the combined SPMD-CSIA is an effective tool to investigate the source and fate of hydrophobic contaminants in the aquatic environments.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es035470i","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Wang, Y., Huang, Y., Huckins, J., and Petty, J.D., 2004, Compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis of sub-parts per billion level waterborne petroleum hydrocarbons: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 13, p. 3689-3697, https://doi.org/10.1021/es035470i.","startPage":"3689","endPage":"3697","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208958,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es035470i"}],"volume":"38","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f93ee4b0c8380cd4d508","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Y.","contributorId":64213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, Y.","contributorId":62000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026960,"text":"70026960 - 2004 - Trace elements and common ions in southeastern Idaho snow: Regional air pollutant tracers for source area emissions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T12:57:49","indexId":"70026960","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Trace elements and common ions in southeastern Idaho snow: Regional air pollutant tracers for source area emissions","docAbstract":"Snow sampling and analysis methods which produce accurate and ultra-low measurements of trace elements and common ion concentration in southeastern Idaho snow, were developed. Snow samples were collected over two winters to assess trace elements and common ion concentrations in air pollutant fallout across the southeastern Idaho. The area apportionment of apportionment of fallout concentrations measured at downwind location were investigated using pattern recognition and multivariate statistical technical techniques. Results show a high level of contribution from phosphates processing facilities located outside Pocatello in the southern portion of the Eastern Snake River Plain, and no obvious source area profiles other than at Pocatello.","largerWorkTitle":"Fuel Processing Technology","conferenceTitle":"Air Quality III: Mercury, Trace Elements and Particulate Matters","conferenceDate":"9 September 2002 through 12 September 2002","conferenceLocation":"Arlington, VA.","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2003.11.013","issn":"03783820","usgsCitation":"Abbott, M., Einerson, J., Schuster, P., Susong, D., and Taylor, H.E., 2004, Trace elements and common ions in southeastern Idaho snow: Regional air pollutant tracers for source area emissions, <i>in</i> Fuel Processing Technology, v. 85, no. 6-7, Arlington, VA., 9 September 2002 through 12 September 2002, p. 657-671, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2003.11.013.","startPage":"657","endPage":"671","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478258,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/910760","text":"External Repository"},{"id":235156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208997,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2003.11.013"}],"volume":"85","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb63fe4b08c986b326b65","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Benson S.A.Erickson T.A.","contributorId":128424,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Benson S.A.Erickson T.A.","id":536608,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Abbott, M.","contributorId":65646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Einerson, J.","contributorId":96062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Einerson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuster, Peter","contributorId":61607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Susong, D.","contributorId":30777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":411789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026991,"text":"70026991 - 2004 - Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: Global seismicity, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70026991","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: Global seismicity, 2002","docAbstract":"Moment-tensor solutions, estimated using optimal filter theory, are listed for 306 moderate-to-large size earthquakes that occurred during 2002. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pepi.2004.04.002","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Sipkin, S., and Zirbes, M., 2004, Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: Global seismicity, 2002: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 145, no. 1-4, p. 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2004.04.002.","startPage":"203","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208956,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2004.04.002"},{"id":235084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"145","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d43e4b0c8380cd70281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sipkin, S.A.","contributorId":9399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sipkin","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zirbes, M.D.","contributorId":27620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zirbes","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026668,"text":"70026668 - 2004 - Physical and geotechnical properties and assessment of sediment stability on the continental slope and basin of the Bransfield Basin (Antarctica Peninsula)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026668","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2669,"text":"Marine Georesources and Geotechnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical and geotechnical properties and assessment of sediment stability on the continental slope and basin of the Bransfield Basin (Antarctica Peninsula)","docAbstract":"Our investigation is centred on the continental slope of the Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent basin. Type of sediments, sedimentary stratigraphy, and physical and geotechnical characterization of the sediments have been integrated. Four different types of sediments have been defined: diamictons, silty and muddy turbidites, muddy, silty and muddy matrix embedded clast contourites. There is a close correspondence between the physical properties (density, magnetic susceptibility and p-wave velocity) and the texture and/or fabric as laminations and stratification. From a quantitative point of view, only a few statistical correlations between textural and physical properties have been found. Within the geotechnical properties, only water content is most influenced by texture. This slope, with a maximum gradient observed (20??), is stable, according to the stability under gravitational loading concepts, and the maximum stable slope that would range from 22?? to 29??. Nevertheless, different instability features have been observed. Volcanic activity, bottom currents, glacial loading-unloading or earthquakes can be considered as potential mechanisms to induce instability in this area. Copyright ?? Taylor & Francis Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Georesources and Geotechnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/10641190490900853","issn":"1064119X","usgsCitation":"Casas, D., Ercilla, G., Estrada, F., Alonso, B., Baraza, J., Lee, H., Kayen, R., and Chiocci, F., 2004, Physical and geotechnical properties and assessment of sediment stability on the continental slope and basin of the Bransfield Basin (Antarctica Peninsula): Marine Georesources and Geotechnology, v. 22, no. 4, p. 253-278, https://doi.org/10.1080/10641190490900853.","startPage":"253","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":497369,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/134970","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208623,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641190490900853"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a87e4b0c8380cd78f62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casas, D.","contributorId":63583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casas","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ercilla, G.","contributorId":8231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ercilla","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Estrada, F.","contributorId":9434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estrada","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alonso, B.","contributorId":51014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alonso","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baraza, J.","contributorId":12200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baraza","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, H.","contributorId":40739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kayen, R.","contributorId":22921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chiocci, F.","contributorId":63584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiocci","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70026180,"text":"70026180 - 2004 - Morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of muddy ebb-tidal deltas along a subsiding coast: Barataria Bay, Mississippi River delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026180","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of muddy ebb-tidal deltas along a subsiding coast: Barataria Bay, Mississippi River delta","docAbstract":"The Barataria barrier coast formed between two major distributaries of the Mississippi River delta: the Plaquemines deltaic headland to the east and the Lafourche deltaic headland to the west. Rapid relative sea-level rise (1??03 cm year-1) and other erosional processes within Barataria Bay have led to substantial increases in the area of open water (> 775 km2 since 1956) and the attendant bay tidal prism. Historically, the increase in tidal discharge at inlets has produced larger channel cross-sections and prograding ebb-tidal deltas. For example, the ebb delta at Barataria Pass has built seaward > 2??2 km since the 1880s. Shoreline erosion and an increasing bay tidal prism also facilitated the formation of new inlets. Four major lithofacies characterize the Barataria coast ebb-tidal deltas and associated sedimentary environments. These include a proximal delta facies composed of massive to laminated, fine grey-brown to pale yellow sand and a distal delta facies consisting of thinly laminated, grey to pale yellow sand and silty sand with mud layers. The higher energy proximal delta deposits contain a greater percentage of sand (75-100%) compared with the distal delta sediments (60-80%). Associated sedimentary units include a nearshore facies consisting of horizontally laminated, fine to very fine grey sand with mud layers and an offshore facies that is composed of grey to dark grey, laminated sandy silt to silty clay. All facies coarsen upwards except the offshore facies, which fines upwards. An evolutionary model is presented for the stratigraphic development of the ebb-tidal deltas in a regime of increasing tidal energy resulting from coastal land loss and tidal prism growth. Ebb-tidal delta facies prograde over nearshore sediments, which interfinger with offshore facies. The seaward decrease in tidal current velocity of the ebb discharge produces a gradational contact between proximal and distal tidal delta facies. As the tidal discharge increases and the inlet grows in dimensions, the proximal and distal tidal delta facies prograde seawards. Owing to the relatively low gradient of the inner continental shelf, the ebb-tidal delta lithosome is presently no more than 5 m thick and is generally only 2-3 m in thickness. The ebb delta sediment is sourced from deepening of the inlet and the associated channels and from the longshore sediment transport system. The final stage in the model envisages erosion and segmentation of the barrier chain, leading to a decrease in tidal discharge through the former major inlets. This process ultimately results in fine-grained sedimentation seaward of the inlets and the encasement of the ebb-tidal delta lithosome in mud. The ebb-tidal deltas along the Barataria coast are distinguished from most other ebb deltas along sand-rich coasts by their muddy content and lack of large-scale stratification produced by channel cut-and-fills and bar migration. ?? 2004 International Association of Sedimentologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00663.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"FitzGerald, D.M., Kulp, M., Penland, S., Flocks, J., and Kindinger, J., 2004, Morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of muddy ebb-tidal deltas along a subsiding coast: Barataria Bay, Mississippi River delta: Sedimentology, v. 51, no. 6, p. 1157-1178, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00663.x.","startPage":"1157","endPage":"1178","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208714,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00663.x"},{"id":234665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e35e4b0c8380cd70884","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"FitzGerald, D. M.","contributorId":55038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"FitzGerald","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulp, M.","contributorId":39988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Penland, S.","contributorId":58778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penland","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flocks, J.","contributorId":36724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kindinger, J.","contributorId":68514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026259,"text":"70026259 - 2004 - Carbon dioxide transport over complex terrain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026259","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Carbon dioxide transport over complex terrain","docAbstract":"The nocturnal transport of carbon dioxide over complex terrain was investigated. The high carbon dioxide under very stable conditions flows to local low-ground. The regional drainage flow dominates the carbon dioxide transport at the 6 m above the ground and carbon dioxide was transported to the regional low ground. The results show that the local drainage flow was sensitive to turbulent mixing associated with local wind shear.","largerWorkTitle":"26th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","conferenceTitle":"26th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","conferenceDate":"23 August 2004 through 26 August 2004","conferenceLocation":"Vancouver, BC","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sun, J., Burns, S.P., Delany, A., Oncley, S., Turnipseed, A., Stephens, B., Guenther, A., Anderson, D., and Monson, R., 2004, Carbon dioxide transport over complex terrain, <i>in</i> 26th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vancouver, BC, 23 August 2004 through 26 August 2004, p. 29-32.","startPage":"29","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f362e4b0c8380cd4b781","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sun, Jielun","contributorId":33443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Jielun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Sean P.","contributorId":98921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delany, A.C.","contributorId":24966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delany","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oncley, S.P.","contributorId":13416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oncley","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Turnipseed, A.","contributorId":88518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turnipseed","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stephens, B.","contributorId":45087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Guenther, A.","contributorId":74923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guenther","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Anderson, D.E.","contributorId":47320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Monson, R.","contributorId":30410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70026970,"text":"70026970 - 2004 - Environmental behavior of two molybdenum porphyry systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026970","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Environmental behavior of two molybdenum porphyry systems","docAbstract":"Our study focuses on the geology, hydrology, and geochemistry of a variety of molybdenum (Mo) porphyry systems. The systems are either high fluorine, granite, Climax-type, systems (e.g. Mount Emmons/ Redwell Mo deposit, Colorado and Questa Mo deposit, New Mexico) or low fluorine granodiorite systems (e.g. Buckingham Stockwork Mo deposit, Battle Mountain, Nevada and Cannivan Gulch Mo deposit, Montana). The water quality of streams, natural springs, mine discharge, and ground water from drill holes were assessed in the region of these deposits. The ultimate goal of our study is to understand the environmental behavior of these Mo porphyry systems in the context of geologic setting, hydrologic regime, and climate.","largerWorkTitle":"2004 SME Annual Meeting Preprints","conferenceTitle":"2004 SME Annual Meeting Preprints","conferenceDate":"23 February 2004 through 25 February 2004","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Tuttle, M., Wanty, R., and Berger, B.R., 2004, Environmental behavior of two molybdenum porphyry systems, <i>in</i> 2004 SME Annual Meeting Preprints, Denver, CO, 23 February 2004 through 25 February 2004, p. 443-452.","startPage":"443","endPage":"452","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09a2e4b0c8380cd51fce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuttle, M.L.W.","contributorId":11812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"M.L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berger, B. R.","contributorId":77914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026969,"text":"70026969 - 2004 - Introduction to special section: Preparing for the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026969","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to special section: Preparing for the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004GL020688","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Hickman, S., Zoback, M., and Ellsworth, W., 2004, Introduction to special section: Preparing for the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, no. 12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020688.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478330,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gl020688","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209117,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020688"},{"id":235322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3df4e4b0c8380cd639a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickman, S.","contributorId":79995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zoback, M.","contributorId":17797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, W.","contributorId":59967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026266,"text":"70026266 - 2004 - Burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia) as indicators of aquatic ecosystem health at Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026266","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia) as indicators of aquatic ecosystem health at Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Michigan","docAbstract":"With concern running high for the ecological effects of nutrient introductions in waters near the park, researchers document baseline conditions of aquatic park resources, applying a method that can be fine-tuned for future trend monitoring.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Park Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07359462","usgsCitation":"Edsall, T., and Phillips, W., 2004, Burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia) as indicators of aquatic ecosystem health at Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Michigan: Park Science, v. 23, no. 1.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2b8e4b0c8380cd4b308","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edsall, T.A.","contributorId":73549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, W.E.","contributorId":70573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026966,"text":"70026966 - 2004 - Dome growth behavior at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, revealed by relocation of volcanic event swarms, 1995-1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026966","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dome growth behavior at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, revealed by relocation of volcanic event swarms, 1995-1996","docAbstract":"We have relocated a subset of events from the digital waveform catalogue of ???17,000 volcanic microearthquakes recorded between July 1995 and February 1996 at Soufriere Hills Volcano (SHV), Montserrat, using a cross-correlation-based phase repicking technique with a joint location method. Hypocenters were estimated for 3914 earthquakes having five or more corrected P-wave picks. The seismic source region collapsed to a volume of ???1 km3 from an initial ???100 km3. Relocated events represent 36 swarms, each containing nearly identical waveforms, having source dimensions of 10 to 100 m in diameter and spatial separations on the order of 500 m or less. Each swarm occurred over a span of several hours to a few days.Triggered data appear to miss between 65% and 98% of the events that occur within these swarms, based on review of helicorder records. Visual estimates of summit dome growth show a rough correspondence between episodes of intense swarming and increases in extruded magma, although dome observations are too sparse to make a direct comparison for this time period. The limited depth range over which dome-growth-related events occur is consistent with a dynamic model of cyclic plug extrusion behavior in the shallow conduit, governed by magma supply rate, overpressure buildup and physical properties of the magma and conduit geometry. Seismic sources may occur in locally overpressured regions that result from microlite formation in a zone of rapid decompression; we propose that this zone exists in the vicinity of a detachment plane associated with the cyclic plug extrusion. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.01.008","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Rowe, C., Thurber, C., and White, R., 2004, Dome growth behavior at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, revealed by relocation of volcanic event swarms, 1995-1996: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 134, no. 3, p. 199-221, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.01.008.","startPage":"199","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209093,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.01.008"}],"volume":"134","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03a1e4b0c8380cd5059d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowe, C.A.","contributorId":71741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurber, C.H.","contributorId":28617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, R.A.","contributorId":21953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026302,"text":"70026302 - 2004 - Sustaining salmonid populations: A caring understanding of naturalness of taxa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T11:10:56","indexId":"70026302","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sustaining salmonid populations: A caring understanding of naturalness of taxa","docAbstract":"<p>Species of the family of Salmonidae occur naturally in Northern Hemisphere waters that remain clear and cool to cold in summer. For purposes of reproduction, salmonids generally behaviorally respond to the currents of streams and lakes in recently glaciated areas. For feeding and maturation, many larger species migrate into existing systems of large lakes, seas, and oceans. The subfamilies include Salmoninae, Coregoninae, and Thymallinae. In many locales and regions of the hemisphere, numerous species of these subfamilies evolved and self-organized into species flocks or taxocenes of bewildering complexity. For example, any individual species may play different or unique ecological roles in different taxocenes. The northern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean ecosystems, with their seas and tributaries, each contained a metacomplex of such taxocenes that, in their natural state some centuries ago, resembled each other but differed in many ways. Humans have valued all species of this family for subsistence, ceremonial, naturalist, gustatory, angling, and commercial reasons for centuries. Modern progressive humans (MPHs), whose industrial and commercial enterprises have gradually spread over this hemisphere in recent time, now affect aquatic ecosystems at all scales from local to global. These human effects mingle in complex ways that together induce uniquely natural salmonid taxocenes to disintegrate with the loss of species, including those groups least tolerant to human manipulations, but extending more recently to those taxa more adapted to anthropogenic change. As we leave the modern era, dominated by MPHs, will we find ways to live sustainably with salmonid taxocenes that still exhibit self-organizational integrity, or will only individual, isolated populations of salmonid species, derived from those most tolerant of MPHs, survive? To achieve future sustainability of salmonids, we suggest implementation of a search for intuitive knowledge based on faith in the wisdom of nature and a caring-sharing, behavioral structure based on \"survival of the wisest\" for both humans and salmonids.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sustainable management of North American fisheries: American Fisheries Society Symposium 43","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Sustainable management of North American fisheries: American Fisheries Society Symposium 43","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, J.L., and Regier, H.A., 2004, Sustaining salmonid populations: A caring understanding of naturalness of taxa, <i>in</i> Sustainable management of North American fisheries: American Fisheries Society Symposium 43, v. 43, p. 203-211.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"211","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"43","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba324e4b08c986b31fbbe","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Knudsen, E. Eric","contributorId":104818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudsen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688701,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":408930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Regier, Henry A.","contributorId":61124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regier","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026732,"text":"70026732 - 2004 - Geotechnical reconnaissance of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026732","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geotechnical reconnaissance of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake","docAbstract":"The 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake resulted in 340 km of ruptures along three separate faults, causing widespread liquefaction in the fluvial deposits of the alpine valleys of the Alaska Range and eastern lowlands of the Tanana River. Areas affected by liquefaction are largely confined to Holocene alluvial deposits, man-made embankments, and backfills. Liquefaction damage, sparse surrounding the fault rupture in the western region, was abundant and severe on the eastern rivers: the Robertson, Slana, Tok, Chisana, Nabesna and Tanana Rivers. Synthetic seismograms from a kinematic source model suggest that the eastern region of the rupture zone had elevated strong-motion levels due to rupture directivity, supporting observations of elevated geotechnical damage. We use augered soil samples and shear-wave velocity profiles made with a portable apparatus for the spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) to characterize soil properties and stiffness at liquefaction sites and three trans-Alaska pipeline pump station accelerometer locations. ?? 2004, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1778389","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R., Thompson, E., Minasian, D., Moss, R., Collins, B., Sitar, N., Dreger, D., and Carver, G., 2004, Geotechnical reconnaissance of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake: Earthquake Spectra, v. 20, no. 3, p. 639-667, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1778389.","startPage":"639","endPage":"667","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208591,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1778389"},{"id":234426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28c7e4b0c8380cd5a3cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, R.","contributorId":22921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, E.","contributorId":98087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minasian, D.","contributorId":64000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minasian","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moss, R.E.S.","contributorId":71362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"R.E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collins, B.D.","contributorId":57632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sitar, N.","contributorId":105092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sitar","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dreger, D.","contributorId":12242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreger","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Carver, G.","contributorId":97681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carver","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70026700,"text":"70026700 - 2004 - Reproductive status of western mosquitofish inhabiting selenium- contaminated waters in the Grassland Water District, Merced County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T11:45:14","indexId":"70026700","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive status of western mosquitofish inhabiting selenium- contaminated waters in the Grassland Water District, Merced County, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>This study was implemented to determine if western mosquitofish (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Gambusia affinis</i><span>) populations in the Grassland Water District suffer from impaired reproduction because of seleniferous inflows of agricultural drainwater from the Grassland Bypass Project. During June to July 2001, laboratory trials with pregnant female fish collected from two seleniferous treatment sites exposed to selenium-laden drainwater and two nonseleniferous reference sites yielded fry that averaged &gt;96% survival at birth. In addition, none of the newborn fry exhibited evidence of teratogenesis, a typical consequence of selenium toxicity. Chemical analysis of postpartum female fish and their newborn fry indicated that mosquitofish from seleniferous sites accumulated relatively high body burdens of selenium (3.96 to 17.5 μg selenium/g in postpartum female fish and 5.35 to 29.2 μg selenium/g in their fry), whereas those from nonseleniferous sites contained lower body burdens (0.40 to 2.72 μg selenium/g in postpartum female fish and 0.61 to 4.68 μg selenium/g in their fry). Collectively, these results strongly suggest that mosquitofish inhabiting selenium-contaminated waters are not experiencing adverse reproductive effects at current levels of selenium exposure.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-004-2051-3","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Saiki, M.K., Martin, B., and May, T., 2004, Reproductive status of western mosquitofish inhabiting selenium- contaminated waters in the Grassland Water District, Merced County, California: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 47, no. 3, p. 363-369, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-004-2051-3.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"369","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208502,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-004-2051-3"},{"id":234280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Merced","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.88256835937499,\n              37.30628331057527\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.99311828613283,\n              37.27186719156333\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.77133178710936,\n              36.9669008480318\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.65322875976562,\n              36.98226060528268\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.78369140624999,\n              37.228141500433615\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.87020874023438,\n              37.30519097732609\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.88256835937499,\n              37.30628331057527\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa8dfe4b0c8380cd85ae4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saiki, M. K.","contributorId":28917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, B.A.","contributorId":91269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027109,"text":"70027109 - 2004 - Subsurface fate of spilled petroleum hydrocarbons in continuous permafrost","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70027109","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1264,"text":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface fate of spilled petroleum hydrocarbons in continuous permafrost","docAbstract":"Accidental releases of approximately 2000 m3 of fuel have resulted in subsurface contamination adjacent to Imikpuk Lake, a drinking-water source near Barrow, AK. This paper presents a conceptual model of the distribution and transport of subsurface free-phase hydrocarbons at this site. The mean annual temperature in Barrow is -13 ??C, and average monthly temperatures exceed 0 ??C only during the months of June, July, and August. As a result, the region is underlain by areally continuous permafrost that extends to depths of up to 300 m and constrains subsurface hydrologic processes to a shallow zone that temporarily thaws each summer. During the 1993 and 1994 thaw seasons, the measured depth of thaw varied across the site from approximately 0.5 to 2 m. However, exploratory borings in 1995 showed that free-phase hydrocarbons were present at depths greater than 3 m, indicating that permafrost at this site is not a barrier to the vertical migration of nonaqueous-phase liquids. In 1996, a subsurface containment barrier was installed to prevent lateral movement of contaminated water to Imikpuk Lake, and a recovery trench was excavated upgradient of the barrier to facilitate removal of free-phase hydrocarbons. Free-phase hydrocarbons were recovered from the trench during 1996, 1997, and 1998. Recovery rates diminished over this time, and in 1999, no further product was recovered and the recovery operation was halted. Subsequent exploratory borings in 2001 and 2002 have revealed that some product remains in the subsurface. Data indicate that this remaining product exists in small discrete pockets or very thin layers of hydrocarbon floating on brine. These small reservoirs appear to be isolated from one another by relatively impermeable permafrost. Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0165-232X(03)00062-4","issn":"0165232X","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, K., Walker, L., and Vigoren, L., 2004, Subsurface fate of spilled petroleum hydrocarbons in continuous permafrost: Cold Regions Science and Technology, v. 38, no. 1, p. 43-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-232X(03)00062-4.","startPage":"43","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209149,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-232X(03)00062-4"},{"id":235372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d64e4b08c986b31d80d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, K.","contributorId":48287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, L.","contributorId":80469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vigoren, L.","contributorId":60423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vigoren","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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