Pele has been the most intense high-temperature hotspot on Io to be continuously active during the Galileo monitoring from 1996–2001. A suite of characteristics suggests that Pele is an active lava lake inside a volcanic depression. In 2000–2001, Pele was observed by two spacecraft, Cassini and Galileo. The Cassini observations revealed that Pele is variable in activity over timescales of minutes, typical of active lava lakes in Hawaii and Ethiopia. These observations also revealed that the short-wavelength thermal emission from Pele decreases with rotation of Io by a factor significantly greater than the cosine of the emission angle, and that the color temperature becomes more variable and hotter at high emission angles. This behavior suggests that a significant portion of the visible thermal emission from Pele comes from lava fountains within a topographically confined lava body. High spatial resolution, nightside images from a Galileo flyby in October 2001 revealed a large, relatively cool (<800 K) region, ringed by bright hotspots, and a central region of high thermal emission, which is hypothesized to be due to fountaining and convection in the lava lake. Images taken through different filters revealed color temperatures of 1500±80 K from Cassini ISS data and 1605±220 and 1420±100 K from small portions of Galileo SSI data. Such temperatures are near the upper limit for basaltic compositions. Given the limitations of deriving lava eruption temperature in the absence of in situ measurement, it is possible that Pele has lavas with ultramafic compositions. The long-lived, vigorous activity of what is most likely an actively overturning lava lake in Pele Patera indicates that there is a strong connection to a large, stable magma source region.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2003.10.019","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Radebaugh, J., McEwen, A.S., Milazzo, M.P., Keszthelyi, L., Davies, A., Turtle, E.P., and Dawson, D.D., 2004, Observations and temperatures of Io's Pele Patera from Cassini and Galileo spacecraft images: Icarus, v. 169, no. 1, p. 65-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2003.10.019.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209133,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2003.10.019"}],"volume":"169","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a70e4b0c8380cd74177","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Radebaugh, Jani","contributorId":101792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radebaugh","given":"Jani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milazzo, Moses P. 0000-0002-9101-2191 moses@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-2191","contributorId":4811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milazzo","given":"Moses","email":"moses@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davies, Ashley G.","contributorId":36827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"Ashley G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Turtle, Elizabeth P.","contributorId":45443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turtle","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dawson, Douglas D.","contributorId":210493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70179768,"text":"70179768 - 2004 - Family Rhabdoviridae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T13:31:40","indexId":"70179768","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Family Rhabdoviridae","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press ","usgsCitation":"Tordo, N., Benmansour, A., Calisher, C., Dietzgen, R., Fang, R., Jackson, A., Kurath, G., Nadin-Davis, S., Tesh, R., and Walker, P., 2004, Family Rhabdoviridae.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"587f3ddee4b0d96de256458e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tordo, N.","contributorId":178357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tordo","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benmansour, A.","contributorId":107928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benmansour","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calisher, C.","contributorId":178358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calisher","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dietzgen, R.G.","contributorId":178359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietzgen","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fang, R.-X.","contributorId":178360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fang","given":"R.-X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackson, A.O.","contributorId":178361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"A.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kurath, G.","contributorId":152437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nadin-Davis, S.","contributorId":178362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nadin-Davis","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tesh, R.B.","contributorId":178363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tesh","given":"R.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Walker, P.J.","contributorId":178364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70175553,"text":"70175553 - 2004 - Monitoring salt-marsh responses to open marsh water management at U.S. Fish and Wildlife coastal refuges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T15:27:13","indexId":"70175553","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1462,"text":"Ecological Restoration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring salt-marsh responses to open marsh water management at U.S. Fish and Wildlife coastal refuges","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"James-Pirri, M., Erwin, R., Prosser, D., and Taylor, J., 2004, Monitoring salt-marsh responses to open marsh water management at U.S. Fish and Wildlife coastal refuges: Ecological Restoration, v. 22, no. 1, p. 55-56.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"56","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326592,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b43953e4b03bcb0103a007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James-Pirri, M.J.","contributorId":93589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James-Pirri","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prosser, D.J. 0000-0002-5251-1799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":65185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, J.","contributorId":86138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027280,"text":"70027280 - 2004 - The coefficient of friction of chrysotile gouge at seismogenic depths","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-27T16:08:10.457924","indexId":"70027280","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The coefficient of friction of chrysotile gouge at seismogenic depths","docAbstract":"We report new strength data for the serpentine mineral chrysotile at effective normal stresses, σn between 40 and 200 MPa in the temperature range 25°-280°C. Overall, the coefficient of friction, μ (= shear stress/effective normal stress) of water-saturated chrysotile gouge increases both with increasing temperature and σn, but the rates vary and the temperature-related increases begin at ~100°C. As a result, a frictional strength minimum (μ = 0.1) occurs at low σn at about 100°C. Maximum strength (μ = 0.55) results from a combination of high normal stress and high temperature. The low-strength region is characterized by velocity strengthening and the high-strength region by velocity-weakening behavior. Thoroughly dried chrysotile has μ = 0.7 and is velocity-weakening. The frictional properties of chrysotile can be explained by its tendency to adsorb large amounts of water that acts as a lubricant during shear. The water is progressively driven off the fiber surfaces with increasing temperature and pressure, causing chrysotile to approach its dry strength. Depth profiles for a chrysotile-lined fault constructed from these data would pass through a strength minimum at ~3 km depth, where sliding should be stable. Below that depth, strength increases rapidly as does the tendency for unstable (seismic) slip. Such a trend would not have been predicted from the room-temperature data. These results therefore illustrate the potential hazards of extrapolating room-temperature friction data to predict fault zone behavior at depth. This depth profile for chrysotile is consistent with the pattern of slip on the Hayward fault, which creeps aseismically at shallow depths but which may be locked below 5 km depth.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.46.5.385","usgsCitation":"Moore, D., Lockner, D., Tanaka, H., and Iwata, K., 2004, The coefficient of friction of chrysotile gouge at seismogenic depths: International Geology Review, v. 46, no. 5, p. 385-398, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.46.5.385.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"398","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa3be4b08c986b32277c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":106496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tanaka, H.","contributorId":35521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iwata, K.","contributorId":83718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwata","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027282,"text":"70027282 - 2004 - Degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and accumulation of vinyl chloride in wetland sediment microcosms and in situ porewater: Biogeochemical controls and associations with microbial communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70027282","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and accumulation of vinyl chloride in wetland sediment microcosms and in situ porewater: Biogeochemical controls and associations with microbial communities","docAbstract":"The biodegradation pathways of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TeCA) and 1,1,2-trichloroethane (112TCA) and the associated microbial communities in anaerobic wetland sediments were evaluated using concurrent geochemical and genetic analyses over time in laboratory microcosm experiments. Experimental results were compared to in situ porewater data in the wetland to better understand the factors controlling daughter product distributions in a chlorinated solvent plume discharging to a freshwater tidal wetland at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. Microcosms constructed with wetland sediment from two sites showed little difference in the initial degradation steps of TeCA, which included simultaneous hydrogenolysis to 112TCA and dichloroelimination to 1,2-dichloroethene (12DCE). The microcosms from the two sites showed a substantial difference, however, in the relative dominance of subsequent dichloroelimination of 112TCA. A greater dominance of 112TCA dichloroelimination in microcosms constructed with sediment that was initially iron-reducing and subsequently simultaneously iron-reducing and methanogenic caused approximately twice as much vinyl chloride (VC) production as microcosms constructed with sediment that was methanogenic only throughout the incubation. The microcosms with higher VC production also showed substantially more rapid VC degradation. Field measurements of redox-sensitive constituents, TeCA, and its anaerobic degradation products along flowpaths in the wetland porewater also showed greater production and degradation of VC with concurrent methanogenesis and iron reduction. Molecular fingerprinting indicated that bacterial species [represented by a peak at a fragment size of 198 base pairs (bp) by MnlI digest] are associated with VC production from 112TCA dichloroelimination, whereas methanogens (190 and 307 bp) from the Methanococcales or Methanobacteriales family are associated with VC production from 12DCE hydrogenolysis. Acetate-utilizing methanogens (acetotrophs) appear to be involved in the biodegradation of VC. The relative abundance of Methanosarcinaceae, the only methanogen group with acetotrophic members, doubled in microcosms in which degradation of VC was observed. In addition, molecular analyses using primers specific for known dehalorespiring bacteria in the Dehalococcoides and Desulfuromonas groups showed the presence of these bacteria in microcosm slurry from the site that showed the highest VC production and degradation. Determination of biogeochemical controls and microbial consortia involved in TeCA degradation is leading to a better understanding of the heterogeneity in biodegradation rates and daughter product distribution in the wetland, improving capabilities for developing remediation and monitoring plans.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.08.010","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Lorah, M., and Voytek, M., 2004, Degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and accumulation of vinyl chloride in wetland sediment microcosms and in situ porewater: Biogeochemical controls and associations with microbial communities: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 70, no. 1-2, p. 117-145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.08.010.","startPage":"117","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209079,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.08.010"},{"id":235271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe54e4b0c8380cd4ec94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorah, M.M.","contributorId":29002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"M.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176655,"text":"70176655 - 2004 - Does terrestrial epidemiology apply to marine systems?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-23T13:15:22","indexId":"70176655","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3653,"text":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does terrestrial epidemiology apply to marine systems?","docAbstract":"Most of epidemiological theory has been developed for terrestrial systems, but the significance of disease in the ocean is now being recognized. However, the extent to which terrestrial epidemiology can be directly transferred to marine systems is uncertain. Many broad types of disease-causing organism occur both on land and in the sea, and it is clear that some emergent disease problems in marine environments are caused by pathogens moving from terrestrial to marine systems. However, marine systems are qualitatively different from terrestrial environments, and these differences affect the application of modelling and management approaches that have been developed for terrestrial systems. Phyla and body plans are more diverse in marine environments and marine organisms have different life histories and probably different disease transmission modes than many of their terrestrial counterparts. Marine populations are typically more open than terrestrial ones, with the potential for long-distance dispersal of larvae. Potentially, this might enable unusually rapid propagation of epidemics in marine systems, and there are several examples of this. Taken together, these differences will require the development of new approaches to modelling and control of infectious disease in the ocean.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cell Press","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2004.08.009","usgsCitation":"McCallum, H.I., Kuris, A.M., Harvell, C.D., Lafferty, K.D., Smith, G.W., and Porter, J., 2004, Does terrestrial epidemiology apply to marine systems?: Trends in Ecology and Evolution, v. 19, no. 11, p. 585-591, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2004.08.009.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"585","endPage":"591","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Does_terrestrial_epidemiology_apply_to_marine_systems_/22860299","text":"External Repository"},{"id":328918,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe932ee4b0824b2d14c98e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCallum, Hamish I.","contributorId":127713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCallum","given":"Hamish","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":7117,"text":"Griffith University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuris, Armand M.","contributorId":54332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"Armand","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvell, C. Drew","contributorId":93614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Drew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Garriet W.","contributorId":49715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Garriet","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Porter, James","contributorId":152399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porter","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70176652,"text":"70176652 - 2004 - Fire effects on the Point Reyes Mountain Beaver at Point Reyes National Seashore, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-23T13:04:46","indexId":"70176652","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire effects on the Point Reyes Mountain Beaver at Point Reyes National Seashore, California","docAbstract":"In October 1995, a wildlands fire burned 5,000 ha on the Point Reyes peninsula, California, USA. In most of the nonforested areas, the fire effectively cleared the ground of litter and vegetation and revealed thousands of Point Reyes mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa phaea) burrow openings. In the first 6 months after the fire, we surveyed burned coastal scrub and riparian habitat to (1) count the number of burrow openings that existed at the time of the fire, and (2) evaluate whether signs of post-fire mountain beaver activity were evident. We estimated that only 0.4–1.7% of mountain beavers within the burn area survived the fire and immediate post-fire period. We monitored mountain beaver activity for 5 years at 8 sites where mountain beavers survived, and found little or no recovery. We estimate that the mountain beaver population will take 15–20 years post-fire to recover.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0503:FEOTPR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fellers, G.M., Pratt, D., and Griffin, J.L., 2004, Fire effects on the Point Reyes Mountain Beaver at Point Reyes National Seashore, California: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 68, no. 3, p. 503-508, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0503:FEOTPR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"508","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe932ee4b0824b2d14c990","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, David","contributorId":174869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pratt","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffin, Jennifer L.","contributorId":57394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027283,"text":"70027283 - 2004 - Infection experiments with Aphanomyces invadans in four species of estuarine fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70027283","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infection experiments with Aphanomyces invadans in four species of estuarine fish","docAbstract":"Along the eastern seaboard of the US, Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, develop characteristic ulcerative lesions, a condition termed ulcerative mycosis. These lesions are identical to those seen across Asia in fish affected by epizootic ulcerative syndrome, a condition caused by the fungus-like oomycete Aphanomyces Invadans. Young-of-the-year menhaden inhabiting estuarine environments are the primary species affected in the USA and little is known about the factors involved in the initiation of the lesions, or why menhaden are predominantly infected. Atlantic menhaden, hogchoker, Trinectus maculatus, striped killifish, Fundulus majalis, and mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, were inoculated with A. invadans (80 zoospores per fish) to explore species differences in infection and lesion development. All four species developed lesions. Killifish developed frank lesions similar to those observed in menhaden but the gross lesions occurred later, approximately 5-10 days after those on menhaden. Hogchoker and mummichog did not develop gross skin ulcers; rather, their lesions appeared as reddened areas under the epidermis. Mummichogs also showed evidence of significant healing with a well-developed granuloma and significant myocyte regeneration. These experiments show that species barriers as well as ecological barriers can explain some of the factors involved in the development of lesions in, and specificity of the water mould for, menhaden.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00544.x","issn":"01407775","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R., Zabrecky, J., Kiryu, Y., and Shields, J.D., 2004, Infection experiments with Aphanomyces invadans in four species of estuarine fish: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 27, no. 5, p. 287-295, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00544.x.","startPage":"287","endPage":"295","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209104,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00544.x"},{"id":235305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3acbe4b0c8380cd61f98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, R.A.","contributorId":93864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zabrecky, J.","contributorId":107478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zabrecky","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kiryu, Y.","contributorId":108060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiryu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shields, J. D.","contributorId":95841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shields","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027284,"text":"70027284 - 2004 - Shear wave velocity, seismic attenuation, and thermal structure of the continental upper mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-29T13:50:51.405404","indexId":"70027284","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shear wave velocity, seismic attenuation, and thermal structure of the continental upper mantle","docAbstract":"Seismic velocity and attenuation anomalies in the mantle are commonly interpreted in terms of temperature variations on the basis of laboratory studies of elastic and anelastic properties of rocks. In order to evaluate the relative contributions of thermal and non-thermal effects on anomalies of attenuation of seismic shear waves, Q−1s, and seismic velocity, Vs, we compare global maps of the thermal structure of the continental upper mantle with global Q−1s and Vs maps as determined from Rayleigh waves at periods between 40 and 150 s. We limit the comparison to three continental mantle depths (50, 100 and 150 km), where model resolution is relatively high.
The available data set does not indicate that, at a global scale, seismic anomalies in the upper mantle are controlled solely by temperature variations. Continental maps have correlation coefficients of <0.56 between Vs and T and of <0.47 between Qs and T at any depth. Such low correlation coefficients can partially be attributed to modelling artefacts; however, they also suggest that not all of the Vs and Qs anomalies in the continental upper mantle can be explained by T variations.
Global maps show that, by the sign of the anomaly, Vs and Qs usually inversely correlate with lithospheric temperatures: most cratonic regions show high Vs and Qs and low T, while most active regions have seismic and thermal anomalies of the opposite sign. The strongest inverse correlation is found at a depth of 100 km, where the attenuation model is best resolved. Significantly, at this depth, the contours of near-zero Qs anomalies approximately correspond to the 1000 °C isotherm, in agreement with laboratory measurements that show a pronounced increase in seismic attenuation in upper mantle rocks at 1000–1100 °C. East–west profiles of Vs, Qs and T where continental data coverage is best (50°N latitude for North America and 60°N latitude for Eurasia) further demonstrate that temperature plays a dominant, but non-unique, role in determining the value of lithospheric Vs and Qs.
At 100 km depth, where the resolution of seismic models is the highest, we compare observed seismic Vs and Qs with theoretical VTs and QTs values, respectively, that are calculated solely from temperature anomalies and constrained by experimental data on temperature dependencies of velocity and attenuation. This comparison shows that temperature variations alone are sufficient to explain seismic Vs and Qs in ca 50 per cent of continental regions. We hypothesize that compositional anomalies resulting from Fe depletion can explain the misfit between seismic and theoretical Vs in cratonic lithosphere. In regions of active tectonics, temperature effects alone cannot explain seismic Vs and Qs in the lithosphere. It is likely that partial melts and/or fluids may affect seismic parameters in these regions. This study demonstrates that lithospheric temperature plays the dominant role in controlling Vs and Qs anomalies, but other physical parameters, such as compositional variations, fluids, partial melting and scattering, may also play a significant role in determining Vs and Qs variations in the continental mantle.
","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02195.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Artemieva, I., Billien, M., Leveque, J., and Mooney, W.D., 2004, Shear wave velocity, seismic attenuation, and thermal structure of the continental upper mantle: Geophysical Journal International, v. 157, no. 2, p. 607-628, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02195.x.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"607","endPage":"628","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478240,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2004.02195.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"157","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e59e4b08c986b3188af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Artemieva, I.M.","contributorId":71728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artemieva","given":"I.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Billien, M.","contributorId":12246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billien","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leveque, J.-J.","contributorId":52770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leveque","given":"J.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027285,"text":"70027285 - 2004 - Posteruption glacier development within the crater of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70027285","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Posteruption glacier development within the crater of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"The cataclysmic eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980, resulted in a large, north-facing amphitheater, with a steep headwall rising 700 m above the crater floor. In this deeply shaded niche a glacier, here named the Amphitheater glacier, has formed. Tongues of ice-containing crevasses extend from the main ice mass around both the east and the west sides of the lava dome that occupies the center of the crater floor. Aerial photographs taken in September 1996 reveal a small glacier in the southwest portion of the amphitheater containing several crevasses and a bergschrund-like feature at its head. The extent of the glacier at this time is probably about 0.1 km2. By September 2001, the debris-laden glacier had grown to about 1 km2 in area, with a maximum thickness of about 200 m, and contained an estimated 120,000,000 m3 of ice and rock debris. Approximately one-third of the volume of the glacier is thought to be rock debris derived mainly from rock avalanches from the surrounding amphitheater walls. The newly formed Amphitheater glacier is not only the largest glacier on Mount St. Helens but its aerial extent exceeds that of all other remaining glaciers combined. Published by University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2003.11.002","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Schilling, S., Carrara, P., Thompson, R.A., and Iwatsubo, E., 2004, Posteruption glacier development within the crater of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 61, no. 3, p. 325-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2003.11.002.","startPage":"325","endPage":"329","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209132,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2003.11.002"},{"id":235344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e7ee4b0c8380cd7a598","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, S. P.","contributorId":42606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carrara, P. E.","contributorId":33727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, R. A.","contributorId":100420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iwatsubo, E.Y.","contributorId":20753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwatsubo","given":"E.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70179798,"text":"70179798 - 2004 - Water temperature effects on fall Chinook salmon in the Snake and Columbia Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T11:23:49","indexId":"70179798","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Water temperature effects on fall Chinook salmon in the Snake and Columbia Rivers","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Haskell, C.A., Tiffan, K., Koch, R., Heinz, J., Mesa, M., and Rondorf, D., 2004, Water temperature effects on fall Chinook salmon in the Snake and Columbia Rivers, 50 p. .","productDescription":"50 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333329,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d74e4b01dfadfff157f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haskell, C. A.","contributorId":94082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haskell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiffan, K.T.","contributorId":178378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koch, R.C.","contributorId":178404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koch","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heinz, J.A.","contributorId":7075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mesa, M.G.","contributorId":17386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70179772,"text":"70179772 - 2004 - Molecular methods for discriminating taxa, monitoring species, and assessing fungal diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T15:00:33","indexId":"70179772","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Molecular methods for discriminating taxa, monitoring species, and assessing fungal diversity","docAbstract":"Exiting new molecular approaches that allow investigators to assess fungal biodiversity directly are being developed. These approaches are still in their infancies, but they are developing rapidly. The following papers provide an introduction to this burgeoning field of study: Bohannan and Hughes (2003), Cooksey (1997), Jumpponen (2003), Landeweert et al. (2003), Nikolchva et al. (2003), Ranjard et al. (2003), and Tedersoo et al. (2003).—Eds.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biodiversity of fungi: Inventory and monitoring methods","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","doi":"10.1016/B978-012509551-8/50009-X","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, R.J., Cullen, D., Kurtzman, C.P., Khachatourians, G.G., and Hegedus, D.D., 2004, Molecular methods for discriminating taxa, monitoring species, and assessing fungal diversity, chap. of Biodiversity of fungi: Inventory and monitoring methods, p. 77-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012509551-8/50009-X.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"102","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333266,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"587f3ddde4b0d96de2564588","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Russell J.","contributorId":75035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cullen, Daniel","contributorId":178369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cullen","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurtzman, Cletus P.","contributorId":178370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kurtzman","given":"Cletus","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Khachatourians, George G.","contributorId":178371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khachatourians","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hegedus, Dwayne D.","contributorId":178372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hegedus","given":"Dwayne","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179800,"text":"70179800 - 2004 - Estimates of fish, spill, and sluiceway passage efficiencies of radio-tagged juvenile salmonids relative to spring and summer spill treatments at John Day Dam in 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T11:38:00","indexId":"70179800","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Estimates of fish, spill, and sluiceway passage efficiencies of radio-tagged juvenile salmonids relative to spring and summer spill treatments at John Day Dam in 2003","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Hausmann, B., Beeman, J., Hansel, H., Juhnke, S., and Haner, P., 2004, Estimates of fish, spill, and sluiceway passage efficiencies of radio-tagged juvenile salmonids relative to spring and summer spill treatments at John Day Dam in 2003.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333331,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d74e4b01dfadfff157b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hausmann, B.","contributorId":178405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hausmann","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeman, J.","contributorId":178406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beeman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansel, H.","contributorId":177542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansel","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Juhnke, S.","contributorId":56040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juhnke","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haner, P.","contributorId":178407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haner","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027520,"text":"70027520 - 2004 - Temporal scaling of hydraulic head and river base flow and its implication for groundwater recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:05:56","indexId":"70027520","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal scaling of hydraulic head and river base flow and its implication for groundwater recharge","docAbstract":"Spectral analyses were conducted for hourly hydraulic head (h) data observed over a 4‐year period at seven monitoring wells in the Walnut Creek watershed, Iowa. The log power spectral density of the hydraulic head fluctuations versus log frequency (f) at all seven wells is shown to have a distinct slope or fractal dimension (D), indicating temporal scaling in the time series of water level fluctuations. The fractal dimension of the time series varies from well to well, and the spectrum for the average h over all seven wells has a fractal dimension of 1.46 and Hurst coefficient of 0.54. The log power spectral density of estimated base flow in the Walnut Creek and four other watersheds versus log f is shown to have two distinct slopes with a break in scaling at about 30 days. It is shown that the groundwater recharge process in a basin can be estimated from a head spectrum based on existing theoretical results. Hydraulic head in an aquifer may fluctuate as a fractal in time in response to either a white noise or fractal recharge process, depending on physical parameters (i.e., transmissivity and specific yield) of the aquifer. The recharge process at the Walnut Creek watershed is shown to have a white noise spectrum based on the observed head spectrum.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003WR002094","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Y., and Schilling, K., 2004, Temporal scaling of hydraulic head and river base flow and its implication for groundwater recharge: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 3, Article W03504; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002094.","productDescription":"Article W03504; 9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478085,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003wr002094","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba518e4b08c986b3207e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, You-Kuan","contributorId":203735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"You-Kuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schilling, Keith","contributorId":143719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schilling","given":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":15311,"text":"Iowa Dept. of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026819,"text":"70026819 - 2004 - Habitat restoration across large areas: Assessing wildlife responses in the Clearwater basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-01T15:18:10.909126","indexId":"70026819","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3744,"text":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat restoration across large areas: Assessing wildlife responses in the Clearwater basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"Over the past century, fire suppression and prevention have altered disturbance regimes across the Pacific Northwest, resulting in a significant divergence of historical and current conditions in forested habitats. To address this continuing trend in habitat changes and begin restoring historical patterns of disturbance, the Clearwater Basin Elk Habitat Initiative (CEI) proposes relatively extensive management actions in the Clearwater basin of north-central Idaho. We attempted to evaluate potential effects of such management actions on selected wildlife species using extant data sets and suggest ways to improve such projects with respect to a multispecies and adaptive management approach. Although there is increased interest in ecosystem management over large areas, the increased scale of analysis and implementation require a substantial increase in the level of species information beyond what currently exists. We conclude that baseline information required for an effective multispecies land-management policy in the Clearwater basin does not exist for many terrestrial wildlife species. To implement a true multispecies or ecosystem approach, wildlife and land managers should cooperate to increase existing population data and modeling efforts for wildlife species in the basin and develop a sustainable monitoring program to evaluate habitat management changes and their influence on wildlife populations within the context of adaptive management theory. Management actions to restore disturbance patterns should attempt spatial and temporal scales that are biologically relevant to the population ecology of species being affected.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/wjaf/19.2.123","usgsCitation":"Scanvara, L., Servheen, G., Melquist, W., Davis, D., and Scott, J.M., 2004, Habitat restoration across large areas: Assessing wildlife responses in the Clearwater basin, Idaho: Western Journal of Applied Forestry, v. 19, no. 2, p. 123-132, https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/19.2.123.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"132","costCenters":[{"id":342,"text":"Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478207,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/19.2.123","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.09228515624999,\n 45.62940492064501\n ],\n [\n -114.14794921875,\n 45.62940492064501\n ],\n [\n -114.14794921875,\n 46.84516443029276\n ],\n [\n -117.09228515624999,\n 46.84516443029276\n ],\n [\n -117.09228515624999,\n 45.62940492064501\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f1de4b0c8380cd5cad4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scanvara, L.K.","contributorId":54386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanvara","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Servheen, G.","contributorId":7479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Servheen","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melquist, W.","contributorId":45093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melquist","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, D.","contributorId":85747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scott, J. M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026820,"text":"70026820 - 2004 - Urbanization influences on aquatic communities in northeastern Illinois streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-24T17:36:30.487453","indexId":"70026820","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Urbanization influences on aquatic communities in northeastern Illinois streams","docAbstract":"Biotic indices and sediment trace element concentrations for 43 streams in northeastern Illinois (Chicago area) from the 1980s and 1990s were examined along an agricultural to urban land cover gradient to explore the relations among biotic integrity, sediment chemistry, and urbanization. The Illinois fish Alternative Index of Biotic Integrity (AIBI) ranged from poor to excellent in agricultural/rural streams, but streams with more than 10 percent watershed urban land (about 500 people/mi2) had fair or poor index scores. A macroinvertebrate index (MBI) showed similar trends. A qualitative habitat index (PIBI) did not correlate to either urban indicator. The AIBI and MBI correlated with urban associated sediment trace element concentrations. Elevated copper concentrations in sediment occurred in streams with greater than 40 percent watershed urban land. The number of intolerant fish species and modified index of biotic integrity scores increased in some rural, urbanizing, and urban streams from the 1980s to 1990s, with the largest increases occurring in rural streams with loamy/sandy surficial deposits. However, smaller increases also occurred in urban streams with clayey surficial deposits and over 50 percent watershed urban land. These data illustrate the potentially complex spatial and temporal relations among biotic integrity, sediment chemistry, watershed urban land, population density, and regional and local geologic setting.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01043.x","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F., Harris, M., Arnold, T., and Richards, K., 2004, Urbanization influences on aquatic communities in northeastern Illinois streams: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 40, no. 2, p. 461-475, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01043.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"475","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.65966796875,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -87.451171875,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -87.451171875,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -88.65966796875,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -88.65966796875,\n 40.93011520598305\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe47e4b08c986b3294d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, F. A. 0000-0002-9748-7075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":61446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, M.A.","contributorId":101278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arnold, T.L.","contributorId":11810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richards, K.D.","contributorId":28635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026823,"text":"70026823 - 2004 - California earthquake history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T20:34:30","indexId":"70026823","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":793,"text":"Annals of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"California earthquake history","docAbstract":"This paper presents an overview of the advancement in our knowledge of California's earthquake history since ??? 1800, and especially during the last 30 years. We first review the basic statewide research on earthquake occurrences that was published from 1928 through 2002, to show how the current catalogs and their levels of completeness have evolved with time. Then we review some of the significant new results in specific regions of California, and some of what remains to be done. Since 1850, 167 potentially damaging earthquakes of M ??? 6 or larger have been identified in California and its border regions, indicating an average rate of 1.1 such events per year. Table I lists the earthquakes of M ??? 6 to 6.5 that were also destructive since 1812 in California and its border regions, indicating an average rate of one such event every ??? 5 years. Many of these occurred before 1932 when epicenters and magnitudes started to be determined routinely using seismographs in California. The number of these early earthquakes is probably incomplete in sparsely populated remote parts of California before ??? 1870. For example, 6 of the 7 pre-1873 events in table I are of M ??? 7, suggesting that other earthquakes of M 6.5 to 6.9 occurred but were not properly identified, or were not destructive. The epicenters and magnitudes (M) of the pre-instrumental earthquakes were determined from isoseismal maps that were based on the Modified Mercalli Intensity of shaking (MMI) at the communities that reported feeling the earthquakes. The epicenters were estimated to be in the regions of most intense shaking, and values of M were estimated from the extent of the areas shaken at various MMI levels. MMI VII or greater shaking is the threshold of damage to weak buildings. Certain areas in the regions of Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Eureka were each shaken repeatedly at MMI VII or greater at least six times since ??? 1812, as depicted by Toppozada and Branum (2002, fig. 19).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.4401/ag-3317","issn":"15935213","usgsCitation":"Toppozada, T., and Branum, D., 2004, California earthquake history: Annals of Geophysics, v. 47, no. 2-3, p. 509-522, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-3317.","startPage":"509","endPage":"522","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478190,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-3317","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":269205,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-3317"},{"id":235311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f321e4b0c8380cd4b5fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toppozada, T.","contributorId":14620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toppozada","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Branum, D.","contributorId":12247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branum","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026824,"text":"70026824 - 2004 - A resampling procedure for generating conditioned daily weather sequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T14:59:00","indexId":"70026824","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A resampling procedure for generating conditioned daily weather sequences","docAbstract":"A method is introduced to generate conditioned daily precipitation and temperature time series at multiple stations. The method resamples data from the historical record “nens” times for the period of interest (nens = number of ensemble members) and reorders the ensemble members to reconstruct the observed spatial (intersite) and temporal correlation statistics. The weather generator model is applied to 2307 stations in the contiguous United States and is shown to reproduce the observed spatial correlation between neighboring stations, the observed correlation between variables (e.g., between precipitation and temperature), and the observed temporal correlation between subsequent days in the generated weather sequence. The weather generator model is extended to produce sequences of weather that are conditioned on climate indices (in this case the Niño 3.4 index). Example illustrations of conditioned weather sequences are provided for a station in Arizona (Petrified Forest, 34.8°N, 109.9°W), where El Niño and La Niña conditions have a strong effect on winter precipitation. The conditioned weather sequences generated using the methods described in this paper are appropriate for use as input to hydrologic models to produce multiseason forecasts of streamflow.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003WR002747","usgsCitation":"Clark, M., Gangopadhyay, S., Brandon, D., Werner, K., Hay, L.E., Rajagopalan, B., and Yates, D., 2004, A resampling procedure for generating conditioned daily weather sequences: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 4, Article W04304; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002747.","productDescription":"Article W04304; 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003wr002747","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e549e4b0c8380cd46c73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Martyn P.","contributorId":21445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Martyn P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu 0000-0003-3864-8251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3864-8251","contributorId":173439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gangopadhyay","given":"Subhrendu","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandon, David","contributorId":22023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brandon","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Werner, Kevin","contributorId":194369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werner","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":411236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rajagopalan, Balaji","contributorId":145813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rajagopalan","given":"Balaji","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16240,"text":"U of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yates, David","contributorId":127383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yates","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70026825,"text":"70026825 - 2004 - Seismographs, sensors, and satellites: Better technology for safer communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70026825","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3522,"text":"Technology in Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismographs, sensors, and satellites: Better technology for safer communities","docAbstract":"In the past 25 years, our ability to measure, monitor, and model the processes that lead to natural disasters has increased dramatically. Equally important has been the improvement in our technological capability to communicate information about hazards to those whose lives may be affected. These innovations in tracking and communicating the changes-floods, earthquakes, wildfires, volcanic eruptions-in our dynamic planet, supported by a deeper understanding of earth processes, enable us to expand our predictive capabilities and point the way to a safer future. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Technology in Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2004.01.012","issn":"0160791X","usgsCitation":"Groat, C., 2004, Seismographs, sensors, and satellites: Better technology for safer communities: Technology in Society, v. 26, no. 2-3, p. 169-179, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2004.01.012.","startPage":"169","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209108,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2004.01.012"},{"id":235313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8bcde4b08c986b317ac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groat, C.G.","contributorId":51512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groat","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70026826,"text":"70026826 - 2004 - LIDAR optical rugosity of coral reefs in Biscayne National Park, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70026826","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"LIDAR optical rugosity of coral reefs in Biscayne National Park, Florida","docAbstract":"The NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), a temporal waveform-resolving, airborne, green wavelength LIDAR (light detection and ranging), is designed to measure the submeter-scale topography of shallow reef substrates. Topographic variability is a prime component of habitat complexity, an ecological factor that both expresses and controls the abundance and distribution of many reef organisms. Following the acquisition of EAARL coverage over both mid-platform patch reefs and shelf-margin bank reefs within Biscayne National Park in August 2002, EAARL-based optical indices of topographic variability were evaluated at 15 patch reef and bank reef sites. Several sites were selected to match reefs previously evaluated in situ along underwater video and belt transects. The analysis used large populations of submarine topographic transects derived from the examination of closely spaced laser spot reflections along LIDAR raster scans. At all 15 sites, each LIDAR transect was evaluated separately to determine optical rugosity (Rotran), and the average elevation difference between adjacent points (Av(??E ap)). Further, the whole-site mean and maximum values of Ro tran and Av(??Eap) for the entire population of transects at each analysis site, along with their standard deviations, were calculated. This study revealed that the greater habitat complexity of inshore patch reefs versus outer bank reefs results in relative differences in topographic complexity that can be discerned in the laser returns. Accordingly, LIDAR sensing of optical rugosity is proposed as a complementary new technique for the rapid assessment of shallow coral reefs. ?? Springer-Verlag 2004.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coral Reefs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00338-003-0365-7","issn":"07224028","usgsCitation":"Brock, J.C., Wright, C.W., Clayton, T., and Nayegandhi, A., 2004, LIDAR optical rugosity of coral reefs in Biscayne National Park, Florida: Coral Reefs, v. 23, no. 1, p. 48-59, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-003-0365-7.","startPage":"48","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209136,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-003-0365-7"},{"id":235351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40e3e4b0c8380cd6510f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, J. C.","contributorId":36095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, C. W. wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":49758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clayton, T.D.","contributorId":78037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nayegandhi, A.","contributorId":95578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026827,"text":"70026827 - 2004 - Autumn migration and wintering areas of Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus nesting on the Kola Peninsula, northern Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T19:05:23","indexId":"70026827","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Autumn migration and wintering areas of Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus nesting on the Kola Peninsula, northern Russia","title":"Autumn migration and wintering areas of Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus nesting on the Kola Peninsula, northern Russia","docAbstract":"Four female Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus breeding on the Kola Peninsula, Russia, were fitted with satellite-received transmitters in 1994. Their breeding home ranges averaged 1175 (sd = ±714) km2, and overlapped considerably. All left their breeding grounds in September and migrated generally south-west along the Baltic Sea. The mean travel rate for three falcons was 190 km/day. Two Falcons wintered on the coasts of France and in southern Spain, which were, respectively, 2909 and 4262 km from their breeding sites. Data on migration routes suggested that Falcons took a near-direct route to the wintering areas. No prolonged stopovers were apparent. The 90% minimum convex polygon winter range of a bird that migrated to Spain encompassed 213 km2 (n = 54). The area of the 50% minimum convex polygon was 21.5 km2 (n = 29). Data from this study agree with others from North America that show that Falcons breeding in a single area do not necessarily follow the same migratory path southward and do not necessarily use the same wintering grounds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1474-919X.2004.00253.x","usgsCitation":"Ganusevich, S., Maechtle, T., Seegar, W., Yates, M., McGrady, M., Fuller, M., Schueck, L., Dayton, J., and Henny, C.J., 2004, Autumn migration and wintering areas of Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus nesting on the Kola Peninsula, northern Russia: Ibis, v. 146, no. 2, p. 291-297, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-919X.2004.00253.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russa","otherGeospatial":"Kola Peninsula","volume":"146","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eefde4b0c8380cd4a0b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganusevich, S.A.","contributorId":52539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganusevich","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maechtle, T.L.","contributorId":62185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maechtle","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seegar, W.S.","contributorId":11301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seegar","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yates, M.A.","contributorId":79593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGrady, M.J.","contributorId":23735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGrady","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fuller, M.","contributorId":30798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schueck, L.","contributorId":67269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schueck","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dayton, J.","contributorId":46744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dayton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70026831,"text":"70026831 - 2004 - Numerical studies of gas production from several CH4 hydrate zones at the Mallik site, Mackenzie Delta, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026831","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2419,"text":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical studies of gas production from several CH4 hydrate zones at the Mallik site, Mackenzie Delta, Canada","docAbstract":"The Mallik site represents an onshore permafrost-associated gas hydrate accumulation in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada. A gas hydrate research well was drilled at the site in 1998. The objective of this study is the analysis of various gas production scenarios from five methane hydrate-bearing zones at the Mallik site. In Zone #1, numerical simulations using the EOSHYDR2 model indicated that gas production from hydrates at the Mallik site was possible by depressurizing a thin free gas zone at the base of the hydrate stability field. Horizontal wells appeared to have a slight advantage over vertical wells, while multiwell systems involving a combination of depressurization and thermal stimulation offered superior performance, especially when a hot noncondensible gas was injected. Zone #2, which involved a gas hydrate layer with an underlying aquifer, could yield significant amounts of gas originating entirely from gas hydrates, the volumes of which increased with the production rate. However, large amounts of water were also produced. Zones #3, #4 and #5 were lithologically isolated gas hydrate-bearing deposits with no underlying zones of mobile gas or water. In these zones, thermal stimulation by circulating hot water in the well was used to induce dissociation. Sensitivity studies indicated that the methane release from the hydrate accumulations increased with the gas hydrate saturation, the initial formation temperature, the temperature of the circulating water in the well, and the formation thermal conductivity. Methane production appears to be less sensitive to the specific heat of the rock and of the hydrate, and to the permeability of the formation. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.petrol.2004.02.015","issn":"09204105","usgsCitation":"Moridis, G.J., Collett, T.S., Dallimore, S., Satoh, T., Hancock, S., and Weatherill, B., 2004, Numerical studies of gas production from several CH4 hydrate zones at the Mallik site, Mackenzie Delta, Canada: Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, v. 43, no. 3-4, p. 219-238, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2004.02.015.","startPage":"219","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478095,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6214t0m1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209186,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2004.02.015"},{"id":235429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6931e4b0c8380cd73bf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moridis, G. J.","contributorId":64863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moridis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dallimore, S.R.","contributorId":44313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dallimore","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Satoh, T.","contributorId":12667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Satoh","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hancock, S.","contributorId":71742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hancock","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weatherill, B.","contributorId":16205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weatherill","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70026834,"text":"70026834 - 2004 - Upper crustal structure from the Santa Monica Mountains to the Sierra Nevada, Southern California: Tomographic results from the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment, Phase II (LARSE II)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026834","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper crustal structure from the Santa Monica Mountains to the Sierra Nevada, Southern California: Tomographic results from the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment, Phase II (LARSE II)","docAbstract":"In 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) collected refraction and low-fold reflection data along a 150-km-long corridor extending from the Santa Monica Mountains northward to the Sierra Nevada. This profile was part of the second phase of the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE II). Chief imaging targets included sedimentary basins beneath the San Fernando and Santa Clarita Valleys and the deep structure of major faults along the transect, including causative faults for the 1971 M 6.7 San Fernando and 1994 M 6.7 Northridge earthquakes, the San Gabriel Fault, and the San Andreas Fault. Tomographic modeling of first arrivals using the methods of Hole (1992) and Lutter et al. (1999) produces velocity models that are similar to each other and are well resolved to depths of 5-7.5 km. These models, together with oil-test well data and independent forward modeling of LARSE II refraction data, suggest that regions of relatively low velocity and high velocity gradient in the San Fernando Valley and the northern Santa Clarita Valley (north of the San Gabriel Fault) correspond to Cenozoic sedimentary basin fill and reach maximum depths along the profile of ???4.3 km and >3 km , respectively. The Antelope Valley, within the western Mojave Desert, is also underlain by low-velocity, high-gradient sedimentary fill to an interpreted maximum depth of ???2.4 km. Below depths of ???2 km, velocities of basement rocks in the Santa Monica Mountains and the central Transverse Ranges vary between 5.5 and 6.0 km/sec, but in the Mojave Desert, basement rocks vary in velocity between 5.25 and 6.25 km/sec. The San Andreas Fault separates differing velocity structures of the central Transverse Ranges and Mojave Desert. A weak low-velocity zone is centered approximately on the north-dipping aftershock zone of the 1971 San Fernando earthquake and possibly along the deep projection of the San Gabriel Fault. Modeling of gravity data, using densities inferred from the velocity model, indicates that different velocity-density relationships hold for both sedimentary and basement rocks as one crosses the San Andreas Fault. The LARSE II velocity model can now be used to improve the SCEC Community Velocity Model, which is used to calculate seismic amplitudes for large scenario earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120030058","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Lutter, W.J., Fuis, G., Ryberg, T., Okaya, D.A., Clayton, R., Davis, P., Prodehl, C., Murphy, J., Langenheim, V., Benthien, M., Godfrey, N.J., Christensen, N., Thygesen, K., Thurber, C., Simila, G., and Keller, G.R., 2004, Upper crustal structure from the Santa Monica Mountains to the Sierra Nevada, Southern California: Tomographic results from the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment, Phase II (LARSE II): Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 2, p. 619-632, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030058.","startPage":"619","endPage":"632","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478165,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121001-131459133","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209235,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120030058"},{"id":235501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd53e4b08c986b328f7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lutter, W. 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We evaluated the performance of the new method relative to two previous methods for assessing length-related biases using 15 data sets from which W s equations have been computed. The new method detected potentially serious length-related biases in 10 Ws equations, whereas one of the previously used methods failed to detect any biologically significant biases and the other method detected biases in only one equation. 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Their morphology shows that they formed in a close contact with living and decomposing roots, suggesting a root/microbial respiration origin. Carbon (??13C) and oxygen (??18O) isotopic analyses were performed on 36 and 37 individual rhizoliths of two separate 10 cm intervals and 98 bulk rhizoliths of all 10 cm intervals. The results of the individual rhizolith ??13C and ??18O analyses suggest that the carbon source was largely derived from respiring C3, C4 and microbial biomass, and that meteoric water was controlled mainly by warm-season precipitation. The results of bulk rhizolith ??13C and ??18O analyses show that warm-season proxies varied in phase with glacial fluctuations at submillennial scales, suggesting long-term seasonal forcing may have played an important role on climate change during the late Wisconsin glaciation in North America. 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