{"pageNumber":"276","pageRowStart":"6875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10961,"records":[{"id":70021467,"text":"70021467 - 1999 - Reconstructing the history of eastern and central Florida Bay using mollusk-shell isotope records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-12T17:47:37.707457","indexId":"70021467","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstructing the history of eastern and central Florida Bay using mollusk-shell isotope records","docAbstract":"

Stable isotopic ratios of carbon and oxygen (δ13C and δ18O) from mollusk shells reflect the water quality characteristics of Florida Bay and can be used to characterize the great temporal variability of the bay. Values of δ18O are directly influenced by temperature and evaporation and may be related to salinity, δ13C values of δ13C are sensitive to organic and inorganic sources of carbon and are influenced by productivity. Analyses of eight mollusk species from five short-core localities across Florida Bay show large ranges in the values of δ13C and δ18O, and reflect the variation of the bay over decades. Samples from southwester Florida Bay have distinct δ13C values relative to samples collected in northeastern Florida Bay, and intermediate localities have intermediate values.13C values of δ13C grade from marine in the southwest bay to more estuarine in the northeast. Long cores (>1m), with excellent chronologies were analyzed from central and eastern Florida Bay. Preliminary analyses ofBrachiodontes exustus andTransenella spp. from the cores showed that both δ13C and δ18O changed during the first part of the twentieth century. After a century of relative stability during the 1800s, δ13C decreased between about 1910 and 1940, then stabilized at these new values for the next five decades. The magnitude of the reduction in δ13C values increased toward the northeast. Using a carbon budget model, reduced δ13C values are interpreted as resulting from decreased circulation in the bay, probably associated with decreased freshwater flow into the Bay. Mollusk shell δ18O values display several negative excursions during the 1800s, suggesting that the bay was less evaporitic than during the twentieth century. The isotope records indicate a fundamental change took place in Florida Bay circulation early in the twentieth century. The timing of the change links it to railroad building and early drainage efforts in South Florida rather than to flood control and water management measures initiated after World War II.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1353204","issn":"01608347","usgsCitation":"Halley, R.B., and Roulier, L., 1999, Reconstructing the history of eastern and central Florida Bay using mollusk-shell isotope records: Estuaries, v. 22, no. 2B, p. 358-368, https://doi.org/10.2307/1353204.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"358","endPage":"368","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229315,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.31525690040912,\n 25.37677513705053\n ],\n [\n -80.34390807091708,\n 25.34491290957\n ],\n [\n -80.35746470084206,\n 25.33822994278836\n ],\n [\n -80.39074006520397,\n 25.32152091106728\n ],\n [\n -80.39443732791077,\n 25.301467029275074\n ],\n [\n -80.42894511317496,\n 25.274723358240564\n ],\n [\n -80.44373416400279,\n 25.271379984757658\n ],\n [\n -80.47454468656017,\n 25.236826400485853\n ],\n [\n -80.48686889558286,\n 25.242400224034327\n ],\n [\n -80.50905247182433,\n 25.240170725288777\n ],\n [\n -80.54479267799078,\n 25.24797379194891\n ],\n [\n -80.5817653050595,\n 25.245744395461415\n ],\n [\n -80.58423014686404,\n 25.236826400485853\n ],\n [\n -80.60025161859414,\n 25.223448181234602\n ],\n [\n -80.61134340671458,\n 25.226792874036477\n ],\n [\n -80.63722424566289,\n 25.218988447758164\n ],\n [\n -80.64092150836969,\n 25.200032756749664\n ],\n [\n -80.65459658763726,\n 25.200032756750474\n ],\n [\n -80.67185048026904,\n 25.18330469590589\n ],\n [\n -80.68417468929235,\n 25.17995880808897\n ],\n [\n -80.7075906864355,\n 25.15765054214596\n ],\n [\n -80.71252037004516,\n 25.1699205934988\n ],\n [\n -80.72977426267695,\n 25.17215137928808\n ],\n [\n -80.7568875225275,\n 25.166574338285585\n ],\n [\n -80.78769804508482,\n 25.1699205934988\n ],\n [\n -80.79139530779166,\n 25.187765736750464\n ],\n [\n -80.81727614673994,\n 25.185535236745267\n ],\n [\n -80.82467067215359,\n 25.1699205934988\n ],\n [\n -80.85055151110187,\n 25.18330469590589\n ],\n [\n -80.88752413817058,\n 25.17772816517561\n ],\n [\n -80.90477803080294,\n 25.173266756876515\n ],\n [\n -80.9109401353143,\n 25.14537925655584\n ],\n [\n -80.95653970869951,\n 25.142032328154343\n ],\n [\n -81.0033717029864,\n 25.127527911511052\n ],\n [\n -81.0317173837392,\n 25.136453910242594\n ],\n [\n -81.08717632434261,\n 25.12083298441388\n ],\n [\n -81.09950053336532,\n 25.142032328154343\n ],\n [\n -81.1327758977272,\n 25.160997042210298\n ],\n [\n -81.14386768584826,\n 25.204493184933952\n ],\n [\n -81.16728368299201,\n 25.23125232134754\n ],\n [\n -81.33982260931288,\n 25.21564354035658\n ],\n [\n -81.40760575893896,\n 25.068376703506345\n ],\n [\n -81.43471901878951,\n 24.859445415333695\n ],\n [\n -81.42362723066906,\n 24.745333719617605\n ],\n [\n -81.33119566299696,\n 24.64568000585605\n ],\n [\n -81.31270934946231,\n 24.646800153038456\n ],\n [\n -81.29299061502597,\n 24.65576096874517\n ],\n [\n -81.26464493427315,\n 24.66360115484379\n ],\n [\n -81.230137149009,\n 24.681519730304814\n ],\n [\n -81.17714305021015,\n 24.697196371648218\n ],\n [\n -81.07978179892899,\n 24.71175148686534\n ],\n [\n -80.96023697140633,\n 24.754287450287862\n ],\n [\n -80.94421549967623,\n 24.768835886612223\n ],\n [\n -80.83083277666553,\n 24.81247096694331\n ],\n [\n -80.7938601495962,\n 24.84155248925535\n ],\n [\n -80.76551446884339,\n 24.834841974885975\n ],\n [\n -80.66156717395373,\n 24.895906115049115\n ],\n [\n -80.60610823335095,\n 24.947318665439212\n ],\n [\n -80.56790318537938,\n 24.95849246933554\n ],\n [\n -80.53586024191974,\n 24.999826723348846\n ],\n [\n -80.5198387701902,\n 25.006528265987995\n ],\n [\n -80.48163372221865,\n 25.05231235210951\n ],\n [\n -80.37811036642611,\n 25.153869580714655\n ],\n [\n -80.35962405289148,\n 25.196253109816922\n ],\n [\n -80.33004595123637,\n 25.226358762881745\n ],\n [\n -80.3251162676273,\n 25.275403859674924\n ],\n [\n -80.30046784958128,\n 25.29991897919193\n ],\n [\n -80.26349522251257,\n 25.3366823625624\n ],\n [\n -80.31525690040912,\n 25.37677513705053\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"2B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a255e4b0e8fec6cdb582","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halley, R. B.","contributorId":87941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roulier, L.M.","contributorId":59823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roulier","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022088,"text":"70022088 - 1999 - Prediction of gas production using well logs, Cretaceous of north-central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022088","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of gas production using well logs, Cretaceous of north-central Montana","docAbstract":"Cretaceous gas sands underlie much of east-central Alberta and southern Saskatchewan, eastern Montana, western North Dakota, and parts of South Dakota and Wyoming. Estimates of recoverable biogenic methane from these rocks in the United States are as high as 91 TCF. In northern Montana, current production is localized around a few major structural features, while vast areas in between these structures are not being exploited. Although the potential for production exists, the lack of commercial development is due to three major factors: 1) the lack of pipeline infrastructure; 2) the lack of predictable and reliable rates of production; and 3) the difficulty in recognizing and selecting potentially productive gas-charged intervals. Unconventional (tight), continuous-type reservoirs, such as those in the Cretaceous of the northern Great Plains, are not well suited for conventional methods of formation evaluation. Pay zones frequently consist only of thinly laminated intervals of sandstone, silt, shale stringers, and disseminated clay. Potential producing intervals are commonly unrecognizable on well logs, and thus are overlooked. To aid in the identification and selection of potential producing intervals, a calibration system is developed here that empirically links the 'gas effect' to gas production. The calibration system combines the effects of porosity, water saturation, and clay content into a single 'gas-production index' (GPI) that relates the in-situ rock with production potential. The fundamental method for isolating the gas effect for calibration is a crossplot of neutron porosity minus density porosity vs gamma-ray intensity. Well-log and gas-production data used for this study consist of 242 perforated intervals from 53 gas-producing wells. Interval depths range from about 250 to 2400 ft. Gas volumes in the peak calendar year of production range from about 4 to 136 MMCF. Nine producing formations are represented. Producing-interval data show that porosity and gas production are closely linked to clay volume. Highest porosities and maximum gas production occur together at an intermediate clay content of about 12% (60 API). As clay volume exceeds 35% (130 API), minimum porosity required for production increases rapidly, and the number of potential producing intervals declines. Gas production from intervals where clay volume exceeds 50% is rare. Effective porosities of less than about 8% are probably inadequate for commercial gas production in these rocks regardless of clay content.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Hester, T., 1999, Prediction of gas production using well logs, Cretaceous of north-central Montana: Mountain Geologist, v. 36, no. 2, p. 85-98.","startPage":"85","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81eee4b0c8380cd7b7e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hester, T.C.","contributorId":93054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hester","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022043,"text":"70022043 - 1999 - Late Quaternary slip rate and seismic hazards of the West Klamath Lake fault zone near Crater Lake, Oregon Cascades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T11:09:49","indexId":"70022043","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary slip rate and seismic hazards of the West Klamath Lake fault zone near Crater Lake, Oregon Cascades","docAbstract":"

Crater Lake caldera is at the north end of the Klamath graben, where this N10°W-trending major Basin and Range structure impinges upon the north-south–trending High Cascades volcanic arc. East-facing normal faults, typically 10–15 km long, form the West Klamath Lake fault zone, which bounds the graben on its west side. The fault zone terminates on the south near the epicentral area of the September 1993 Klamath Falls earthquakes. It continues north past Crater Lake as the Annie Spring fault, which is within ∼1 km of the west caldera rim, and Red Cone Spring fault. We have determined a long-term vertical slip rate of 0.3 mm/yr for these two faults using high-precision K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age measurements on offset lava flows ranging in age from ca. 35 to 300 ka. Holocene offset reported by Hawkins et al. and epicenters of eight MW 2 earthquakes in 1994 and 1995 indicate that the West Klamath Lake fault zone is active. Empirical relations between earthquake magnitudes and scarp heights or fault lengths suggest that the fault zone is capable of producing earthquakes as large as MW 7¼. Earthquakes on these or other faults of the zone could trigger landslides and rockfalls from the walls of the caldera, possibly resulting in large waves on Crater Lake.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0043:LQSRAS>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C., Lanphere, M.A., and Champion, D., 1999, Late Quaternary slip rate and seismic hazards of the West Klamath Lake fault zone near Crater Lake, Oregon Cascades: Geology, v. 27, no. 1, p. 43-46, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0043:LQSRAS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4537e4b0c8380cd67123","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Champion, D.E.","contributorId":70402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022011,"text":"70022011 - 1999 - A Possible connection between the 1878 yellow fever epidemic in the southern United States and the 1877-78 El Niño episode","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-13T09:53:40","indexId":"70022011","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1112,"text":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","onlineIssn":"1520-0477","printIssn":"0003-0007","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Possible connection between the 1878 yellow fever epidemic in the southern United States and the 1877-78 El Niño episode","docAbstract":"

One of the most severe outbreaks of yellow fever, a viral disease transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, affected the southern United States in the summer of 1878. The economic and human toll was enormous, and the city of Memphis, Tennessee, was one of the most affected. The authors suggest that as a consequence of one of the strongest El Niño episodes on record—that which occurred in 1877-78—exceptional climate anomalies occurred in the United States (as well as in many other parts of the world), which may have been partly responsible for the widespread nature and severity of the 1878 yellow fever outbreak.

\n

This study documents some of the extreme climate anomalies that were recorded in 1877 and 1878 in parts of the eastern United States, with particular emphasis on highlighting the evolution of these anomalies, as they might have contributed to the epidemic. Other years with major outbreaks of yellow fever in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries also occurred during the course of El Niño episodes, a fact that appears not to have been noted before in the literature.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ameican Metrological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<0021:APCBTY>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00030007","usgsCitation":"Diaz, H.F., and McCabe, G., 1999, A Possible connection between the 1878 yellow fever epidemic in the southern United States and the 1877-78 El Niño episode: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 80, no. 1, p. 21-27, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<0021:APCBTY>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479460,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<0021:apcbty>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555475abe4b0a92fa7e94f47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diaz, Henry F.","contributorId":68476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":1453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022010,"text":"70022010 - 1999 - An autogamous rainforest species of Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae) from East Maui, Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:10:33","indexId":"70022010","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2904,"text":"Novon","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An autogamous rainforest species of Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae) from East Maui, Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"

A new autogamous species of Schiedea is described and illustrated. It is known only from cliff habitat in rainforest on a single ridge in the Natural Area Reserve, Hanawi, East Maui. With the addition of this species there are 28 species in this endemic Hawaiian genus. The new species appears to be most closely related to Schiedea nuttallii, a species of mesic habitats on O'ahu, Moloka'i, and Maui.

","language":"English","publisher":"Missouri Botanical Garden Press","publisherLocation":"St. Louis, MO","doi":"10.2307/3391816","issn":"10553177","usgsCitation":"Wagner, W., Weller, S., Sakai, A., and Medeiros, A., 1999, An autogamous rainforest species of Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae) from East Maui, Hawaiian Islands: Novon, v. 9, no. 2, p. 284-287, https://doi.org/10.2307/3391816.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"284","endPage":"287","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479459,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/3045","text":"External Repository"},{"id":229196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"East Maui","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea1ee4b0c8380cd4864b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, W.L.","contributorId":18127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weller, S.G.","contributorId":37914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weller","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sakai, A.K.","contributorId":98059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakai","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Medeiros, A.C.","contributorId":19703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medeiros","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022005,"text":"70022005 - 1999 - Occurrence and transport of total mercury and methyl mercury in the Sacramento River Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:37:11","indexId":"70022005","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and transport of total mercury and methyl mercury in the Sacramento River Basin, California","docAbstract":"Mercury poses a water-quality problem for California's Sacramento River, a large river with a mean annual discharge of over 650 m3/s. This river discharges into the San Francisco Bay, and numerous fish species of the bay and river contain mercury levels high enough to affect human health if consumed. Two possible sources of mercury are the mercury mines in the Coast Ranges and the gold mines in the Sierra Nevada. Mercury was once mined in the Coast Ranges, west of the Sacramento River, and used to process gold in the Sierra Nevada, east of the river. The mineralogy of the Coast Ranges mercury deposits is mainly cinnabar (HgS), but elemental mercury was used to process gold in the Sierra Nevada. Residual mercury from mineral processing in the Sierra Nevada is mainly in elemental form or in association with oxide particles or organic matter and is biologically available. Recent bed-sediment sampling, at sites below large reservoirs, showed elevated levels of total mercury (median concentration 0.28 ??g/g) in every large river (the Feather, Yuba, Bear, and American rivers) draining the Sierra Nevada gold region. Monthly sampling for mercury in unfiltered water shows relatively low concentrations during the nonrainy season in samples collected throughout the Sacramento River Basin, but significantly higher concentrations following storm-water runoff. Measured concentrations, following storm-water runoff, frequently exceeded the state of California standards for the protection of aquatic life. Results from the first year of a 2-year program of sampling for methyl mercury in unfiltered water showed similar median concentrations (0.1 ng/l) at all sampling locations, but with apparent high seasonal concentrations measured during autumn and winter. Methyl mercury concentrations were not significantly higher in rice field runoff water, even though rice production involves the creation of seasonal wetlands: higher rates of methylation are known to occur in stagnant wetland environments that have high dissolved carbon.Mercury poses a water-quality problem for California's Sacramento River, a large river with a mean annual discharge of over 650 m3/s. This river discharges into the San Francisco Bay, and numerous fish species of the bay and river contain mercury levels high enough to affect human health if consumed. Two possible sources of mercury are the mercury mines in the Coast Ranges and the gold mines in the Sierra Nevada. Mercury was once mined in the Coast Ranges, west of the Sacramento River, and used to process gold in the Sierra Nevada east of the river. The mineralogy of the Coast Ranges mercury deposits is mainly cinnabar (HgS), but elemental mercury was used to process gold in the Sierra Nevada. Residual mercury from mineral processing in the Sierra Nevada is mainly in elemental form or in association with oxide particles or organic matter and is biologically available. Recent bed-sediment sampling, at sites below large reservoirs, showed elevated levels of total mercury (median concentration 0.28 ??g/g) in every large river (the Feather, Yuba, Bear, and American rivers) draining the Sierra Nevada gold region. Monthly sampling for mercury in unfiltered water shows relatively low concentrations during the nonrainy season in samples collected throughout the Sacramento River Basin, but significantly higher concentrations following storm-water runoff. Measured concentrations, following storm-water runoff, frequently exceeded the state of California standards for the protection of aquatic life. Results from the first year of a 2-year program of sampling for methyl mercury in unfiltered water showed similar median concentrations (0.1 ng/l) at all sampling locations, but with apparent high seasonal concentrations measured during autumn and winter. Methyl mercury concentrations were not significantly higher in rice field runoff water, even though rice production involves the creation of seasonal wetlands: higher rates of methylation a","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry ISEG. Pt 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"5 October 1997 through 10 October 1997","conferenceLocation":"Vail, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00038-7","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., 1999, Occurrence and transport of total mercury and methyl mercury in the Sacramento River Basin, California: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 64, no. 1-3 -3 pt 1, p. 277-291, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00038-7.","startPage":"277","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206242,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00038-7"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1-3 -3 pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b85e4b0c8380cd74749","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021967,"text":"70021967 - 1999 - Chronology of polyphase extension in the Windermere Hills, northeast Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T13:03:16.951284","indexId":"70021967","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronology of polyphase extension in the Windermere Hills, northeast Nevada","docAbstract":"

Fission-track and 40Ar/39Ar dating and chemical correlation of volcanic strata exposed in the Windermere Hills and northern Pequop Mountains, northeast Nevada, indicate a protracted, polyphase history of Tertiary (late Eocene–late Miocene) extension along the northern margin of a major Cordilleran metamorphic core complex. Early extension is recorded by a west-tilted half graben filled with early Oligocene (34.79 ± 0.18–39.18 ± 0.12 Ma) sedimentary rocks in the eastern Windermere Hills above the low-angle Black Mountain detachment fault. The early Oligocene half graben conformably overlies a widespread suite of late Eocene (39.18 ± 0.12–40.38 ± 0.06 Ma) calc-alkaline volcanic rocks, reflecting a temporal link between early extension at a high structural level and the end of the ignimbrite flare-up. These strata are cut by east-west–striking normal faults, which are exposed along, and parallel to, the northern margin of the metamorphic complex. Available age data (e.g., between 14.93 ± 0.08 and 34.79 ± 0.18 Ma) permit the interpretation that the east-west–striking faults formed at the same time as, or after, large-magnitude unroofing of high-grade rocks. We interpret the east-west–striking faults to accommodate differential uplift of greenschist-grade metamorphic rocks in the upper crust, above a lateral ramp in a west-northwest–directed mylonitic shear zone. Subsequent extension in the Windermere Hills is defined by deep, rapidly filled half grabens of middle Miocene (<7.42 ± 2.0 to 14.93 ± 0.08 Ma) age that unconformably overlie older faults and synextensional deposits. These are the youngest half grabens in the region and are inferred to be initiated by extensional stresses imparted to the base of the lithosphere by a laterally spreading mantle plume (e.g., the Yellowstone hotspot) located in southeastern Oregon at this time.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0011:COPEIT>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Mueller, K., Cerveny, P., Perkins, M.E., and Snee, L., 1999, Chronology of polyphase extension in the Windermere Hills, northeast Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, no. 1, p. 11-27, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0011:COPEIT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229092,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Windermere Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.89568843034513,\n 41.97975529646908\n ],\n [\n -116.89568843034513,\n 39.499640649297646\n ],\n [\n -114.12713374284547,\n 39.499640649297646\n ],\n [\n -114.12713374284547,\n 41.97975529646908\n ],\n [\n -116.89568843034513,\n 41.97975529646908\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5f8e4b0c8380cd4c50d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, K.J.","contributorId":101403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cerveny, P.K.","contributorId":94810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerveny","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perkins, M. E.","contributorId":92707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snee, L.W.","contributorId":99981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25764,"text":"wri994028 - 1999 - Selected nutrients and pesticides in streams of the eastern Iowa basins, 1970-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-28T14:47:44","indexId":"wri994028","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4028","title":"Selected nutrients and pesticides in streams of the eastern Iowa basins, 1970-95","docAbstract":"

Water-quality data from 17 surface-water monitoring sites were compiled for 1970 through 1995 and analyzed to determine historical waterquality conditions and possible trends in the Eastern Iowa Basins study unit as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The Eastern Iowa Basins encompasses the Wapsipinicon, Cedar, Iowa, and Skunk River Basins and covers about 19,500 square miles. Seven of the monitoring sites were sampled by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, three sites by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, three sites by the University of Iowa Institute for Hydraulic Research, and four sites by the U.S. Geological Survey. Water-quality analyses typically consisted of nitrate, ammonia, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, with limited analyses available for organic nitrogen, dissolved phosphorus, dissolved orthophosphate, and water-soluble pesticides. Long-term historical nutrient and pesticide data were not available for the Wapsipinicon River Basin.

\n

 Median concentrations for total nitrogen ranged from 4.6 to 9.4 milligrams per liter, and maximum concentrations of total nitrogen ranged from 4.6 to 31 milligrams per liter. The majority of nitrogen transported in surface waters of the Eastern Iowa Basins study unit is in the form of nitrate (nitrogen). Median concentrations of total phosphorus ranged from less than 0.10 to 0.66 milligram per liter, and maximum concentrations of total phosphorus ranged from less than 0.10 to 5.4 milligrams per liter.

\n

 Nitrate varied seasonally. Median concentrations of nitrate were largest during the spring and the winter (6.0 to 7.0 milligrams per liter) compared to the summer and fall (2.0 to 4.0 milligrams per liter). Concentrations of nitrate greater than 10 milligrams per liter typically occurred during spring runoff. Median ammonia concentrations generally were highest during the winter (approximately 0.3-0.5 milligram per liter) compared to the spring and summer when ammonia concentrations were often close to the detection limit (0.01 milligram per liter). In general, the median concentrations of total phosphorus varied less than 0.1 milligram per liter between seasons.

\n

 The statistical analysis of the nutrient data typically indicated a strong positive correlation of nitrate with streamflow. Total phosphorus concentrations with streamflow showed greater variability than nitrate, perhaps reflecting the greater potential of transport of phosphorus on sediment rather than in the dissolved phase as with nitrate. Ammonia and ammonia plus organic nitrogen showed no correlation with streamflow or a weak positive correlation. Seasonal variations and the relations of nutrients and pesticides to streamflow generally corresponded with nonpoint‑source loadings, although possible point sources for nutrients were indicated by the data at selected monitoring sites. Statistical trend tests for concentrations and loads were computed for nitrate, ammonia, and total phosphorus. Trend analysis indicated decreases for ammonia and total phosphorus concentrations at several sites and increases for nitrate concentrations at other sites in the study unit.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/wri994028","usgsCitation":"Schnoebelen, D.J., Becher, K., Bobier, M.W., and Wilton, T., 1999, Selected nutrients and pesticides in streams of the eastern Iowa basins, 1970-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4028, viii, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994028.","productDescription":"viii, 65 p.","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1845,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/wri994028/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.614990234375,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -91.3623046875,\n 40.83874913796459\n ],\n [\n -91.07666015625,\n 40.72228267283148\n ],\n [\n -91.20849609375,\n 40.9052096972736\n ],\n [\n -91.29638671875,\n 41.03793062246529\n ],\n [\n -91.16455078125,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -91.087646484375,\n 41.15384235711447\n ],\n [\n -91.175537109375,\n 41.261291493919856\n ],\n [\n -91.07666015625,\n 41.393294288784865\n ],\n [\n -91.065673828125,\n 41.52502957323801\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 41.590796851056005\n ],\n [\n -90.615234375,\n 41.6154423246811\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 41.68932225997044\n ],\n [\n -90.28564453124999,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -90.406494140625,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -90.670166015625,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -91.38427734374999,\n 42.24478535602799\n ],\n [\n -91.58203125,\n 42.431565872579185\n ],\n [\n -91.92260742187499,\n 42.706659563510385\n ],\n [\n -92.208251953125,\n 42.94838139765314\n ],\n [\n -92.48291015625,\n 43.17313537107136\n ],\n [\n -92.6806640625,\n 43.42898792344157\n ],\n [\n -92.92236328125,\n 43.723474896114816\n ],\n [\n -93.065185546875,\n 43.94537239244209\n ],\n [\n -93.262939453125,\n 44.07969327425713\n ],\n [\n -93.460693359375,\n 44.01652134387754\n ],\n [\n -93.61450195312499,\n 43.937461690316646\n ],\n [\n -93.84521484375,\n 43.76315996157264\n ],\n [\n -93.9990234375,\n 43.48481212891603\n ],\n [\n -94.10888671875,\n 43.34116005412307\n ],\n [\n -94.163818359375,\n 43.1811470593997\n ],\n [\n -94.075927734375,\n 43.08493742707592\n ],\n [\n -93.93310546875,\n 42.956422511073335\n ],\n [\n -93.834228515625,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -93.84521484375,\n 42.577354839557856\n ],\n [\n -94.010009765625,\n 42.44778143462245\n ],\n [\n -94.06494140625,\n 42.26917949243506\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -93.878173828125,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -93.53759765625,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -93.05419921875,\n 41.45919537950706\n ],\n [\n -92.757568359375,\n 41.261291493919856\n ],\n [\n -92.427978515625,\n 41.12074559016745\n ],\n [\n -92.17529296875,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -91.812744140625,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -91.614990234375,\n 40.91351257612758\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a03e4b07f02db5f8364","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schnoebelen, Douglas J.","contributorId":87514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnoebelen","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Becher, Kent 0000-0002-3947-0793 kdbecher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3947-0793","contributorId":3863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becher","given":"Kent","email":"kdbecher@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bobier, Matthew W.","contributorId":97091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bobier","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilton, Thomas","contributorId":87582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilton","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25496,"text":"wri994059 - 1999 - Evaluation of processes affecting 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) concentrations in ground water in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California: Analysis of chemical data and ground-water flow and transport simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-16T21:08:32.596841","indexId":"wri994059","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4059","title":"Evaluation of processes affecting 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) concentrations in ground water in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California: Analysis of chemical data and ground-water flow and transport simulations","docAbstract":"Future use of the sole-source aquifer near Fresno in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California, will depend, in part, on how long 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), an agricultural fumigant banned from use since the late 1970's, persists at concentrations greater than the maximum contaminant level of 0.2 micrograms per liter (mg/L). Field data indicate that DBCP concentrations in ground water have decreased since the late 1970's. Laboratory experiments by earlier investigators show that DBCP transformed to 2-bromoallyl alcohol (BAA) under conditions similar to in situ conditions, with an estimated half-life ranging from 6.1 (pH 7.8, 21.1 degrees Celsius) to 141 years (pH 7.0, 15 degrees Celsius). For this current study, a detailed hydrogeologic investigation was done to assess the relative importance of chemical transformation, dispersion, and ground-water pumping and reapplication of irrigation water in affecting DBCP concentrations.\nGround-water samples were collected from 20 monitoring wells installed along a 4.6-kilometer transect. DBCP concentrations in these samples ranged from less than the detection limit of 0.03 mg/L to a maximum of 6.4 mg/L. Results of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) age dating indicate that DBCP occurs in water that ranges in age from about 2 to 41 years. The primary transformation product BAA, which was identified during previous laboratory studies, was not detected at or greater than 0.03 mg/L in any of the 20 ground-water samples. The lack of detection of BAA indicates that transformation to BAA is insignificant relative to other processes controlling DBCP concentrations. Results from this current study indicate that the in situ hydrolysis half-life for DBCP to BAA is much greater than the laboratory-determined values.\nEstimated initial concentrations of DBCP, calculated using CFC-estimated travel times and a half-life of 6.1 years, indicate that maximum initial concentrations are consistent with maximum measured concentrations in ground water. In contrast to initial DBCP concentrations, the estimated initial nitrate concentrations indicate that nitrate concentrations in recharge water have increased with time.\nA conceptual two-dimensional numerical flow and transport modeling approach was used to test hypotheses addressing dispersion, transformation rate, and in a relative sense, the effects of ground- water pumping and reapplication of irrigation water on DBCP concentrations in the aquifer. The flow and transport simulations, which represent hypothetical steady-state flow conditions in the aquifer, were used to refine the conceptual understanding of the aquifer system rather than to predict future concentrations of DBCP. Results indicate that dispersion reduces peak concentrations, but this process alone does not account for the apparent decrease in DBCP concentrations in ground water in the eastern San Joaquin Valley. Ground-water pumping and reapplication of irrigation water may affect DBCP concentrations to the extent that this process can be simulated indirectly using first-order decay. Transport simulation results indicate that the in situ 'effective' half-life of DBCP caused by processes other than dispersion and transformation to BAA could be on the order of 6 years.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994059","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the University of California - Davis","usgsCitation":"Burow, K.R., Panshin, S.Y., Dubrovsky, N.H., Vanbrocklin, D., and Fogg, G., 1999, Evaluation of processes affecting 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) concentrations in ground water in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California: Analysis of chemical data and ground-water flow and transport simulations: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4059, viii, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994059.","productDescription":"viii, 57 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":396040,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19392.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"eastern San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.736,\n 36.667\n ],\n [\n -119.5370,\n 36.667\n ],\n [\n -119.5370,\n 36.75\n ],\n [\n -119.736,\n 36.75\n ],\n [\n -119.736,\n 36.667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fabfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Panshin, Sandra Y.","contributorId":46126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panshin","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dubrovsky, Neil H.","contributorId":25193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vanbrocklin, David","contributorId":55041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanbrocklin","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fogg, Graham E.","contributorId":68779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogg","given":"Graham E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":54870,"text":"wdrNY981 - 1999 - Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year; 1998. Volume 1. Eastern New York; Excluding Long Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-14T11:14:49","indexId":"wdrNY981","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NY-98-1","title":"Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year; 1998. Volume 1. Eastern New York; Excluding Long Island","docAbstract":"

Water resources data for the 1998 water year for New York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This volume contains records for water discharge at 127 gaging stations; stage only at 10 gaging stations; stage and contents at 4 gaging stations, and 18 other lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 32 gaging stations; and water levels at 4 observation wells. Also included are data for 36 crest-stage partial-record stations. Locations of all these sites are shown on figure 8. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data together with the data in volumes 2 and 3 represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State, Municipal, and Federal agencies in New York.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrNY981","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of New York and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Butch, G.K., Murray, P.M., Lumia, R., and Weigel, J.F., 1999, Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year; 1998. Volume 1. Eastern New York; Excluding Long Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NY-98-1, xvi, 434 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNY981.","productDescription":"xvi, 434 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1998/ny-98-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":363758,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1998/ny-98-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.25,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.1,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.1,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -76.25,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -76.25,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butch, Gerard K. gkbutch@usgs.gov","contributorId":914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butch","given":"Gerard","email":"gkbutch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":251836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, Patricia M. pmurray@usgs.gov","contributorId":4863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Patricia","email":"pmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":251835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lumia, Richard rlumia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Richard","email":"rlumia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":251837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weigel, Jay F.","contributorId":19560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weigel","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":44550,"text":"wri984262 - 1999 - Simulation of ground-water system response to proposed withdrawals from 1993 to 2043 in the northern part of Juab Valley, Juab County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T20:08:30.057423","indexId":"wri984262","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4262","title":"Simulation of ground-water system response to proposed withdrawals from 1993 to 2043 in the northern part of Juab Valley, Juab County, Utah","docAbstract":"Information on the ground-water system in the northern part of Juab Valley, Utah, is needed by water managers to plan the optimal use of surface water that will be imported by the Central Utah Project and ground water pumped locally. The response of the ground-water system to an increase in withdrawal with no new sources of recharge was simulated to provide a baseline for comparing possible water-management plans and to determine their potential effects on wetlands in the area.\r\n\r\nTo assess the effects of additional withdrawal on the system, a 50-year-long stress period was added to the end of the existing three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model. This stress period simulates recharge and discharge stresses determined for 1987-92. Another model was constructed by simulating 30 additional wells pumping a total of 4,000 acre-feet per year in the 50-year-long stress period. The 30 additional wells were simulated in a north-south trending line along the eastern part of the valley and as pumping from the bottom model layer. The difference between model-computed water-level changes after 10, 30, and 50 years with and without the additional pumped wells was calculated for the uppermost model layer.\r\n\r\nWater-level declines of more than 6 feet were computed for layer 1 in the area east of Mona Reservoir, and natural sources of ground-water discharge in the northern part of the valley decreased in response to 30 years of additional pumping. Discharge from springs and seeps computed in 2022 of the revised model simulating additional pumping decreased by about 7 percent and computed discharge by evapotranspiration decreased by about 23 percent relative to the same time in the revised model simulating no additional pumping.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, Utah","doi":"10.3133/wri984262","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Central Utah Water Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Thiros, S.A., 1999, Simulation of ground-water system response to proposed withdrawals from 1993 to 2043 in the northern part of Juab Valley, Juab County, Utah (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4262, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984262.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135025,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9775,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri984262/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":463446,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81454.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Juab County","otherGeospatial":"Juab Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.08333333333333,39.333333333333336 ], [ -112.08333333333333,40 ], [ -111.66666666666667,40 ], [ -111.66666666666667,39.333333333333336 ], [ -112.08333333333333,39.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ade4b07f02db5c75cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":229983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045797,"text":"70045797 - 1998 - Biology in focus: better lives through better science: new hope for acid streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-20T12:25:53.363367","indexId":"70045797","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-20T08:30:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":359,"text":"Fact Sheet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"displayTitle":"Biology in Focus: Better Lives Through Better Science: New Hope for Acid Streams","title":"Biology in focus: better lives through better science: new hope for acid streams","docAbstract":"Across the nation, a toxic pollutant turns clean streams orange, kills fish and plant life, and smells like rotten eggs. The culprit is acid mine drainage, the poisonous water leaking from more than 500,000 abandoned and inactive mines in 32 states. The toxic discharge is a problem for operational mines as well. In the Appalachian coal region, for example, acid mine drainage has degraded more than 8,000 miles of streams and has left some aquatic habitats virtually lifeless.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70045797","usgsCitation":"Watten, B., 1998, Biology in focus: better lives through better science: new hope for acid streams: Fact Sheet, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70045797.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271867,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045797/brd_april1998.pdf","text":"Report","size":"451 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":271868,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045797/coverthb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"Original contributing office: Leetown Science Center","contact":"

Contact Pubs Warehouse

","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5188d4dfe4b023d2d75b9a49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watten, Barnaby 0000-0002-2227-8623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":97788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223781,"text":"5223781 - 1998 - The discharge of nitrate-contaminated groundwater from developed shoreline to marsh-fringed estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T09:39:56","indexId":"5223781","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:45","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The discharge of nitrate-contaminated groundwater from developed shoreline to marsh-fringed estuary","docAbstract":"

As residential development, on-site wastewater disposal, and groundwater contamination increase in the coastal zone, assessment of nutrient removal by soil and sedimentary processes becomes increasingly important. Nitrogen removal efficiency depends largely on the specific flow paths taken by groundwater as it discharges into nitrogen-limited estuarine waters. Shoreline salinity surveys, hydraulic studies, and thermal infrared imagery indicated that groundwater discharge into the Nauset Marsh estuary (Eastham, Massachusetts) occurred in high-velocity seeps immediately seaward of the upland-fringing salt marsh. Discharge was highly variable spatially and occurred through permeable, sandy sediments during low tide. Seepage chamber monitoring showed that dissolved inorganic nitrogen (principally nitrate) traversed nearly conservatively from the aquifer through shallow estuarine sediments to coastal waters at flux rates of 1–3 mmol m−2 h−1. A significant relationship between pore water NO3-N concentrations and NO3-N flux rates may provide a rapid method of estimating nitrogen loading from groundwater to the water column.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR02167","usgsCitation":"Portnoy, J.W., Nowicki, B., Roman, C.T., and Urish, D., 1998, The discharge of nitrate-contaminated groundwater from developed shoreline to marsh-fringed estuary: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 11, p. 3095-3104, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR02167.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3095","endPage":"3104","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479675,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cve_facpubs/346","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":201896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusets","city":"Eastham","otherGeospatial":"Nauset Marsh estuary","volume":"34","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6683af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Portnoy, J. W.","contributorId":31492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Portnoy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowicki, B.L.","contributorId":14085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowicki","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roman, C. T.","contributorId":79579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Urish, D.W.","contributorId":61126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urish","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":22856,"text":"ofr98565 - 1998 - Water-quality characteristics of urban storm runoff at selected sites in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, April 1993 through June 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-28T21:35:35.718316","indexId":"ofr98565","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-565","title":"Water-quality characteristics of urban storm runoff at selected sites in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, April 1993 through June 1995","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98565","usgsCitation":"Demcheck, D.K., Frederick, C.P., and Johnson, K.L., 1998, Water-quality characteristics of urban storm runoff at selected sites in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, April 1993 through June 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-565, v, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98565.","productDescription":"v, 59 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407561,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16373.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52275,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0565/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0565/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"East Baton Rouge Parish","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.25,\n 30.283\n ],\n [\n -90.967,\n 30.283\n ],\n [\n -90.967,\n 30.567\n ],\n [\n -91.25,\n 30.567\n ],\n [\n -91.25,\n 30.283\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fafa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demcheck, Dennis K. 0000-0003-2981-078X ddemchec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-078X","contributorId":3273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demcheck","given":"Dennis","email":"ddemchec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":189005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frederick, C. Paul 0000-0003-1762-519X pfreder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1762-519X","contributorId":84793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederick","given":"C.","email":"pfreder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Kurt L.","contributorId":107313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":42436,"text":"ofr98759 - 1998 - Sedimentation and bathymetric change in San Pablo Bay: 1856-1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T21:08:10.501592","indexId":"ofr98759","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-759","title":"Sedimentation and bathymetric change in San Pablo Bay: 1856-1983","docAbstract":"

A long-term perspective of erosion and deposition in San Francisco Bay is vital to understanding and managing wetland change, harbor and channel siltation, and other sediment-related phenomena such as particle and particle-associated substance (pollutants, trace metals, etc.) transport and deposition. A quantitative comparison of historical hydrographic surveys provides this perspective. This report presents results of such a comparison for San Pablo Bay, California. Six hydrographic surveys from 1856 to 1983 were analyzed to determine long-term changes in the sediment system of San Pablo Bay. Each survey was gridded using surface modeling software. Changes between survey periods were computed by differencing grids. Patterns and volumes of erosion and deposition in the Bay are derived from difference grids. More than 350 million cubic meters of sediment was deposited in San Pablo Bay from 1856 to 1983. This is equivalent to a Baywide accumulation rate of approximately 1 cm/yr. However, sediment deposition was not constant over time or throughout the Bay. Over two-thirds of that sediment was debris from hydraulic mining that accumulated from 1856 to 1887. During this period, deposition occurred in nearly the entire Bay. In contrast, from 1951 to 1983 much of the Bay changed from being depositional to erosional as sediment supply diminished and currents and waves continued to remove sediment from the Bay. The decrease in sediment supply is likely the result of upstream flood-control and water-distribution projects that have reduced peak flows, which are responsible for the greatest sediment transport. One consequence of the change in sedimentation was a loss of about half of the tidal flat areas from the late 1800's to the 1980's. Change in sedimentation must also have affected flow in the Bay, areas where polluted sediments were deposited, exchange of sediment between the nearshore and wetlands, and wave energy reaching the shoreline that was available to erode wetlands. Further work is needed. Studies of historical wetland change and the relationship between change and man-made and natural influences would be valuable for developing sound wetland management plans. Additionally, extending the historical hydrographic and wetland change analyses eastward into Suisun Bay will improve the understanding of the North Bay sediment system.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98759","usgsCitation":"Jaffe, B.E., Smith, R.E., and Torresan, L.Z., 1998, Sedimentation and bathymetric change in San Pablo Bay: 1856-1983: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-759, 1 Poster: 33.76 x 25.82 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98759.","productDescription":"1 Poster: 33.76 x 25.82 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1855-12-31","temporalEnd":"1983-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393256,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13077.htm"},{"id":108347,"rank":700,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0759/pdf/of98-759.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"13077"},{"id":176684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr98759.jpg"},{"id":3686,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0759/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285871,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0759/of98-759.eps"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Pablo Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.513573,37.960066 ], [ -122.513573,38.169213 ], [ -122.233034,38.169213 ], [ -122.233034,37.960066 ], [ -122.513573,37.960066 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660631","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":226482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Richard E.","contributorId":40606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torresan, Laura Zink","contributorId":34193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torresan","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"Zink","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31115,"text":"ofr98432 - 1998 - Aeromagnetic survey of parts of the Black River Lake, Eau Claire, Hastings, Stillwater and Winona 1:100,000 quadrangles in Wisconsin: North-east sheet: Total magnetic intensity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-21T21:46:43.420766","indexId":"ofr98432","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-432","title":"Aeromagnetic survey of parts of the Black River Lake, Eau Claire, Hastings, Stillwater and Winona 1:100,000 quadrangles in Wisconsin: North-east sheet: Total magnetic intensity","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98432","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998, Aeromagnetic survey of parts of the Black River Lake, Eau Claire, Hastings, Stillwater and Winona 1:100,000 quadrangles in Wisconsin: North-east sheet: Total magnetic intensity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-432, 1 Plate: 54.00 × 37.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98432.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 54.00 × 37.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404303,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17811.htm"},{"id":19278,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0432/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Black River Lake, Eau Claire, Hastings, Stillwater and Winona quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.645,\n 44.583\n ],\n [\n -91.1670,\n 44.583\n ],\n [\n -91.1670,\n 44.8330\n ],\n [\n -91.645,\n 44.8330\n ],\n [\n -91.645,\n 44.583\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689d60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26834,"text":"wri984185 - 1998 - Surface-water/ground-water relations in the Lemhi River Basin, east-central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-09T18:19:20","indexId":"wri984185","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4185","title":"Surface-water/ground-water relations in the Lemhi River Basin, east-central Idaho","docAbstract":"This report summarizes work carried out in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation to provide hydrologic information to help Federal, State, and local agencies meet the goals of the Lemhi River Model Watershed Project. The primary goal of the project is to maintain, enhance, and restore anadromous and resident fish habitat in the Lemhi River, while maintaining a balance between resource protection and established water uses. The main objectives of the study were to carry out seepage measurements to determine seasonal distributed gains and losses in the Lemhi River and to estimate annual ground-water underflow from the basin to the Salmon River. In 1997, seepage measurements were made during and after the irrigation season along a 60-mile reach of the Lemhi River between Leadore and Salmon. Except for one 4-mile reach that lost 1.3 cubic feet per second per mile, the river gained from ground water in early August when ground-water levels were high. Highest flows in the Lemhi River in early August were about 400 cubic feet per second. In October, when ground-water levels were low, river losses to ground water were about 1 to 16 cubic feet per second per mile. In October, highest flows in the Lemhi River were about 500 cubic feet per second, near the river's mouth. Annual ground-water underflow from the Lemhi River Basin to the Salmon River was estimated by using a simplified water budget and by using Darcy's equation. The water-budget method contained large uncertainties associated with estimating precipitation and evapotranspiration. Results of both methods indicate that the quantity of ground water leaving the basin as underflow is small, probably less than 2 percent of the basin's total annual water yield.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984185","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Donato, M.M., 1998, Surface-water/ground-water relations in the Lemhi River Basin, east-central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4185, iv, 25 p.; Appendix 2, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984185.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.; Appendix 2","numberOfPages":"34","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"1997-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262327,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4185/report.pdf"},{"id":262328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4185/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","city":"Leadore;Lemhi;Tendoy;Salmon","otherGeospatial":"Salmon River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0038,44.3964 ], [ -114.0038,45.1977 ], [ -112.9929,45.1977 ], [ -112.9929,44.3964 ], [ -114.0038,44.3964 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd438","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donato, Mary M.","contributorId":30962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donato","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29385,"text":"wri984096 - 1998 - Quantification of deep percolation from two flood-irrigated alfalfa fields, Roswell Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-24T21:33:20.414451","indexId":"wri984096","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4096","title":"Quantification of deep percolation from two flood-irrigated alfalfa fields, Roswell Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"For many years water management in the Roswell ground-water basin (Roswell \r\nBasin) and other declared basins in New Mexico has been the responsibility \r\nof the State of New Mexico. One of the water management issues requiring \r\nbetter quantification is the amount of deep percolation from applied \r\nirrigation water. Two adjacent fields, planted in alfalfa, were studied \r\nto determine deep percolation by the water-budget, volumetric-moisture,\r\nand chloride mass-balance methods. Components of the water-budget method \r\nwere measured, in study plots called borders, for both fields during the \r\n1996 irrigation season. The amount of irrigation water applied in the west \r\nborder was 95.8 centimeters and in the east border was 169.8 centimeters. \r\nThe total amount of precipitation that fell during the irrigation season \r\nwas 21.9 centimeters. The increase in soil-moisture storage from the \r\nbeginning to the end of the irrigation season was 3.2 centimeters in the \r\nwest border and 8.8 centimeters in the east border. Evapotranspiration, \r\nas estimated by the Bowen ratio energy balance technique, in the west \r\nborder was 97.8 centimeters and in the east border was 101.0 centimeters.\r\nDeep percolation determined using the water-budget method was 16.4 centimeters \r\nin the west border and 81.6 centimeters in the east border. An average deep \r\npercolation of 22.3 centimeters in the west border and 31.6 centimeters in \r\nthe east border was determined using the volumetric-moisture method. The \r\nchloride mass-balance method determined the multiyear deep percolation to be \r\n15.0 centimeters in the west border and 38.0 centimeters in the east border. \r\nLarge differences in the amount of deep percolation between the two borders \r\ncalculated by the water-budget method are due to differences in the amount \r\nof water that was applied to each border. More water was required to flood \r\nthe east border because of the greater permeability of the soils in that \r\nfield and the smaller rate at which water could be applied.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984096","usgsCitation":"Roark, D., and Healy, D.F., 1998, Quantification of deep percolation from two flood-irrigated alfalfa fields, Roswell Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4096, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984096.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392114,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48968.htm"},{"id":159762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4096/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95760,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4096/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Roswell Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.4042,\n 33.175\n ],\n [\n -104.3833,\n 33.175\n ],\n [\n -104.3833,\n 33.1833\n ],\n [\n -104.4042,\n 33.1833\n ],\n [\n -104.4042,\n 33.175\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633dde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roark, D. Michael mroark@usgs.gov","contributorId":2821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roark","given":"D. Michael","email":"mroark@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":201445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, D. F.","contributorId":97120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25435,"text":"wri984213 - 1998 - Detailed study of selenium and selected constituents in water, bottom sediment, soil, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the San Juan River area, New Mexico, 1991-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-29T09:42:14","indexId":"wri984213","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4213","title":"Detailed study of selenium and selected constituents in water, bottom sediment, soil, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the San Juan River area, New Mexico, 1991-95","docAbstract":"

In response to increasing concern about the quality of irrigation drainage and its potential effects on fish, wildlife, and human health, the U.S. Department of the Interior began the National Irrigation Water Quality Program (NIWQP) to investigate these concerns at irrigation projects sponsored by the Department. The San Juan River area in northwestern New Mexico was one of the areas designated for study.

Study teams composed of scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Reclamation, and the Bureau of Indian Affairs collected water, bottom-sediment, soil, and biological samples at 61 sites in the San Juan River area during 1993-94. Supplemental data collection conducted during 1991-95 by the Bureau of Indian Affairs and its contractor extended the time period and sampling sites available for analysis. Analytical chemistry performed on samples indicated that most potentially toxic elements other than selenium generally were not high enough to be of concern to fish, wildlife, and human health.

Element concentrations in some water, bottom-sediment, soil, and biological samples exceeded applicable standards and criteria suggested by researchers in current literature. Selenium concentrations in water samples from 28 sites in the study area exceeded the 2-microgramper-liter (lg/L) wildlife-habitat standard. Vanadium concentrations in water exceeded the 100-Kg/L standard for livestock-drinking water at one site. In biota, selenium and aluminum concentrations regularly equaled or exceeded avian dietary threshold concentrations. In bottom sediment and soil, element concentrations above the upper limit of the baseline range for western soils were: selenium, 24 exceedances; lead, 2 exceedances; molybdenum, 2 exceedances;strontium, 4 exceedances; and zinc, 4 exceedances.

Concentrations of total selenium in bottom-sediment and soil samples were significantly greater for Cretaceous than for non-Cretaceous soil types in the study area and were generally similar for habitats within and outside irrigation-affected areas. Mean and median total-selenium concentrations in samples from areas with Cretaceous soil types were 4.6 and 2.2 micrograms per gram (ps/g), respectively. Mean and median total-selenium concentrations in samples from areas with non-Cretaceous soil types were 0.6 and 0.15 pg/g, respectively.

Samples from the study area had low concentrations of organic constituents. Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls were detected in a few biological samples at low concentrations. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds were not detected in whole-water samples collected using conventional water-sampling techniques. In tests involving the use of semipermeable-membrane devices to supplement conventional water assays for PAH's, low concentrations of PAH's were found at several locations in the Hammond Irrigation Supply Canal, but were not detected in the Hammond ponds at the downstream reach of the Hammond irrigation service area. PAH compounds do not appear to reach the San Juan River through the Hammond Canal.

Data indicate that water samples from irrigation-drainage-affected habitats had increased mean selenium concentrations compared with samples from irrigation-delivery habitat. The mean selenium concentration in water was greatest at seeps and tributaries draining irrigated land (17 μg/L); less in irrigation drains and in ponds on irrigated land (61.tg/L); and least in backwater, the San Juan River, and irrigation-supply water (0.5 - 0.6 μg/L).

Statistical tests imply that irrigation significantly increases selenium concentrations in water samples when a Department of the Interior irrigation project is developed on selenium-rich sediments. Water samples from sites with Cretaceous soils had significantly greater selenium concentrations than water samples from sites with non-Cretaceous soils. Water samples from Department of the Interior project irrigation-drainage sites developed on Cretaceous soils contained a mean selenium concentration about 10 times greater than those in samples from Department of the Interior project sites developed on non-Cretaceous soils.

Selenium was much less concentrated in water than in bottom sediment, soil, or biota in the study area. The range in concentrations of dissolved selenium in water was less than 1 ptg/L to 37 1.1g/L (less than 1 to 37 parts per billion). The range in concentrations of total selenium in bottom sediment and soil was less than 0.1 to 23lig/g (less than 100 to 23,000 parts per billion). The range in concentration of selenium in biota was less than 0.1 to 24.0 fig/g (less than 100 to 24,000 parts per billion).

Data indicated that bioaccumulation and leaching from soil were the important processes at the study area that lead to elevated levels of selenium. Other processes examined included: (1) evapoconcentration of selenium; (2) atmospheric deposition of aerosols containing selenium; and (3) contamination of surface water by point-source or non-point-source discharges.

Selenium concentrations in biological samples were evaluated by a number of variables including: (1) media sampled (emergent and submergent plants, nektonic and benthic invertebrates, omnivore/herbivore and carnivore fish, and terrestrial and aquatic amphibians); (2) habitat (San Juan River main-stem reaches, backwaters, tributary reaches, irrigation delivery or drainage canals, and ponds); (3) irrigation project area and reference sites; and (4) soil type (non-Cretaceous or Cretaceous soils). Graphical techniques and nonparametric statistical tests were applied to determine the influence of selected physiographic variables on selenium concentrations in biological samples collected in the San Juan River area. Species of sucker and of smaller fish contained significantly higher selenium concentrations in the upstream portion of the river where a productive community of plants and animals is found that is associated with warming, nutrient-rich waters discharged from an upstream reservoir.

Selenium concentrations in algae, odonates, and mosquitofish collected from both irrigation-drain and pond habitats underlain by Cretaceous soils were significantly greater than in those collected from similar habitats underlain by non-Cretaceous soils. Investigators conclude that the major factor affecting the variability of selenium accumulation in biota at aquatic habitats was the presence of underlying Cretaceous soils. Median selenium concentrations were less than 2 lAg/g for plant samples, less than 7 μg/g for invertebrate samples, and less than 6 lAg/g for whole-fish samples collected from aquatic habitats underlain by non-Cretaceous soils. Similar samples collected from aquatic habitats underlain by Cretaceous soils contained median selenium concentrations two to five times greater. Leaching of selenium from Cretaceous soils in the San Juan River area increases the accumulation of selenium concentrations in the biota and thereby increases the exposure and potential health risks associated with selenium to migratory birds, fish, and other wildlife that use these aquatic habitats extensively. Aquatic habitats presenting the greatest average exposure to excess selenium concentrations in the diets of resident wildlife are from consumption of plants, invertebrates, and fish at irrigation-drain habitats underlain by Cretaceous soils.

Of the irrigation projects evaluated in the San Juan River area, the highest median selenium concentrations in algae, cattail leaves, odonate nymphs, mosquitofish, and leopard frog samples from the study area were collected from the east hogback irrigation drain.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984213","usgsCitation":"Thomas, C.L., Wilson, R., Lusk, J.D., Bristol, R.S., and Shineman, A., 1998, Detailed study of selenium and selected constituents in water, bottom sediment, soil, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the San Juan River area, New Mexico, 1991-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4213, v, 84 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984213.","productDescription":"v, 84 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":367066,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4213/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4213/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.04754638671875,\n 36.423492513472326\n ],\n [\n -107.39959716796875,\n 36.423492513472326\n ],\n [\n -107.39959716796875,\n 37.00035919622158\n ],\n [\n -109.04754638671875,\n 37.00035919622158\n ],\n [\n -109.04754638671875,\n 36.423492513472326\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b1e4b07f02db5307ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Carole L.","contributorId":50938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Carole","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, R.M.","contributorId":100417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lusk, J. D.","contributorId":72015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lusk","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bristol, R. S. 0000-0003-1682-4031","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-4031","contributorId":93931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bristol","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shineman, A.R.","contributorId":68338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shineman","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":30024,"text":"wri974194 - 1998 - A survey of ground-water quality in the Toppenish Creek basin, Yakama Indian Reservation, Washington, 1989-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-10T22:47:58.14018","indexId":"wri974194","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4194","title":"A survey of ground-water quality in the Toppenish Creek basin, Yakama Indian Reservation, Washington, 1989-91","docAbstract":"

Ground-water quality in the Toppenish Creek Basin, near Yakima, Washington, is generally good with respect to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking water standards. Of 487 wells sampled during one phase of the study, only 2 produced water with nitrite-plus-nitrate concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standard of 10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Ground-water samples with elevated nitriteplus-nitrate concentrations (greater than 5 milligrams per liter as nitrogen) were obtained from wells located in the eastern and southern parts of the basin and in areas underlain by the Touchet Beds, in the central part of the basin. In another phase of the study, in which 60 wells were sampled, atrazine, an herbicide used on asparagus and corn, was detected in water samples from 4 wells, and 2 insecticides, diazinon and disulfoton, were detected in separate samples from 2 wells.

Bacteria, indicators of the sanitary water quality, were detected in samples from 64 wells, suggesting that ground water may be contaminated in some areas. However, other sources of bacteria may include leaks in the plumbing of the well or residence, or improper well construction.

Small seasonal variations in nitrite-plus-nitrate concentrations in ground water appeared to be related to fertilizer use in the basin, indicating that the potential exists for more serious contamination of ground water. Groundwater quality is affected by agricultural activities in some parts of the basin. However, widespread degradation in ground-water quality was not detected.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974194","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Yakama Indian Nation","usgsCitation":"Sumioka, S.S., 1998, A survey of ground-water quality in the Toppenish Creek basin, Yakama Indian Reservation, Washington, 1989-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4194, Report: v, 89 p.; 5 Plates: 36.00 x 23.95 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974194.","productDescription":"Report: v, 89 p.; 5 Plates: 36.00 x 23.95 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424291,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48805.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":365973,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":365972,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":365971,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126740,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":365969,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":365970,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58830,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakama Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.25,\n 46.1\n ],\n [\n -120.1,\n 46.1\n ],\n [\n -120.1,\n 46.6\n ],\n [\n -121.25,\n 46.6\n ],\n [\n -121.25,\n 46.1\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5e4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sumioka, S. S.","contributorId":20747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumioka","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27897,"text":"wri984183 - 1998 - Lithology and fracture characterization from drilling investigations in the Mirror Lake area, Grafton County, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T19:10:01","indexId":"wri984183","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4183","title":"Lithology and fracture characterization from drilling investigations in the Mirror Lake area, Grafton County, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"

The lithology and fracture network of the bedrock aquifer in the Mirror Lake area were characterized from hydrogeologic data collected from 1979-95 in Grafton County, N.H. The collection of these data is an integral part of an ongoing multidisciplinary study by the U.S. Geological Survey to characterize groundwater flow and solute transport in fractured rock. The data provide a physical framework and enable the characterization of the fractures and the rock types in the bedrock aquifer in the Mirror Lake study area. In addition, these data provide a detailed description of the subsurface intersected by boreholes that can be used to compare the results of other borehole testing.

The Mirror Lake area is characterized by steep bedrock uplands that are mostly covered by colluvium, discontinuous stratified-drift deposits, and glacial till that varies locally in thickness from less than 10 meters to as much as 50 meters. The land-surface altitude ranges from 180 meters near the Pemigewasset River to 720 meters on the mountain top on the northwestern side of the study area. The bedrock in the area is predominantly sillimanite-grade pelitic schists that have been complexly folded and intruded by granitoids, pegmatites, and diabase dikes. The bedrock has been fractured in response to local and tectonic stress. The resulting interconnected network of fractures forms the bedrock aquifer.

This report describes the lithologic units in the study area and provides a characterization of the lithology and fractures found in 40 boreholes, which range in depth from 60 to 305 meters, that were drilled for this study. Drilling logs and color video surveys were used to locate and characterize the fractures and rock types in the subsurface. Solid bedrock core was obtained from three of the boreholes. Petrographic thin-section, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry analyses were done on selected samples from boreholes and outcrops. Observations recorded at the time of drilling, descriptions of rock samples collected from the boreholes, interpretation of rock type and fractures based on boreholeimaging surveys, descriptions of rock core and petrographic analyses of selected rock samples are in tables and figures.

Analysis of the data provided information on the distribution of fractures and lithology in the boreholes at Mirror Lake. The relative abundances of the rock types were computed for three groups of boreholes, including (1) the Forest Service Experimental (FSE) well field, (2) the Camp Osceola (CO) well field, and (3) the index boreholes, which are 15 boreholes distributed areally throughout the study area including the deepest borehole from each of the two well fields. The index boreholes are separated by hundreds of meters and are typically 100 meters deep. The FSE well field includes 13 boreholes that are separated by 10 to 40 meters. These 13 boreholes are approximately 100 meters deep, except for one borehole that is 230 meters deep. The rocks penetrated by the FSE wells are predominantly igneous. Approximately 70 percent of the rocks encountered in the boreholes in the FSE well field were granite, pegmatite, and aplite. The CO well field includes 9 boreholes that range from 60-70 meters deep and one borehole that is 175 meters deep. The rocks encountered in these boreholes were predominantly metamorphic. The distribution of rock types in the CO well field is similar to the distribution of rocks in highway roadcuts, that are approximately 90 to 150 meters east of the well field. Seventy percent of the roadcut exposures are schist. Collectively, in the 15 index boreholes, the metamorphic and igneous rocks are equally distributed. Analysis of the rock types in these boreholes indicates that the rock types tend to \"change\" every 5 to 9 meters.

Although the metamorphic and igneous rocks each comprise approximately 50 percent of the rock types observed in the 15 index boreholes, 73 percent of the fractures were in the igneous rocks. This indicates that the granitoids tend to be more fractured than the metamorphic rocks. Pegmatite, diabase, quartzite, and gneissic rocks are relatively unfractured.

Boreholes completed in bedrock generally have one or two water-bearing zones, which were identified during the drilling process. At the completion of drilling a borehole, the driller estimated the yield of the borehole with an air-lift test. Yields estimated by drillers ranged from less than 3 to 378 liters per minute. These yields are typical of the yields measured for domestic wells in Grafton County. Water levels measured in the open boreholes after the boreholes recovered from the hydraulic stresses of drilling were usually in the steel casing and were within 10 meters of the land surface. Water levels in eight of the boreholes were above the top of casing or above land surface.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984183","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C., and Dunstan, A., 1998, Lithology and fracture characterization from drilling investigations in the Mirror Lake area, Grafton County, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4183, 211 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984183.","productDescription":"211 p.","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4183/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95675,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4183/report.pdf","size":"15085","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Mirror Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.83170318603514,\n 43.92151348238157\n ],\n [\n -71.67703628540039,\n 43.92151348238157\n ],\n [\n -71.67703628540039,\n 43.97391632692082\n ],\n [\n -71.83170318603514,\n 43.97391632692082\n ],\n [\n -71.83170318603514,\n 43.92151348238157\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635c39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, C. D.","contributorId":8120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunstan, A.H.","contributorId":98759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunstan","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26675,"text":"wri984175 - 1998 - Ground-water quality in the Red River of the North Basin, Minnesota and North Dakota, 1991-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T10:19:33","indexId":"wri984175","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4175","title":"Ground-water quality in the Red River of the North Basin, Minnesota and North Dakota, 1991-95","docAbstract":"

Surveys of water quality in surficial, buried glacial, and Cretaceous aquifers in the Red River of the North Basin during 1991-95 showed that some major-ion, nutrient, pesticide, and radioactive-element concentrations differed by physiographic area and differed among these aquifer types. Waters in surficial aquifers in the Drift Prairie (west) and Lake Plain (central) physiographic areas were similar to each other but significantly higher than those in the Moraine (east) area in dissolved solids, sodium, potassium, sulfate, fluoride, silica, and uranium concentrations. Radium, iron, nitrate, and nitrite concentrations were also significantly different among these areas. Pesticides were detected in 12 percent of waters in surficial aquifers in the Drift Prairie area, 20 percent of those in the Lake Plain area, and 52 percent of those in the Moraine area. Triazines and bentazon accounted for 98 percent of summed pesticide concentrations in waters in surficial aquifers. Waters in buried glacial aquifers in the central one-third of the basin had significantly higher concentrations of dissolved solids, sodium, potassium, chloride, fluoride, and iron than did waters in surficial aquifers. No pesticides were detected in five samples from buried glacial aquifers or six samples from Cretaceous aquifers. Waters in all sampled aquifers had a calcium-magnesium ratio of about 1.75 ± 0.75 across the basin regardless of anionic composition.

\n

Agricultural land use and soil texture can explain pesticide distributions; soil texture best explains nutrient distributions in waters in surficial aquifers. Confining beds protect waters in buried glacial aquifers from land use effects, resulting in no or low concentrations of nutrients and pesticides. Upward movement of bedrock waters high in dissolved solids concentration can increase concentrations in waters in buried glacial and, to a lesser degree, waters in surficial aquifers in the Lake Plain and Drift Prairie areas. Waters in surficial aquifers exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum contaminant level in drinking water for nitrate in the Drift Prairie (27 percent) and Moraine (8 percent) areas. Their limited areal extent and susceptibility to contamination restrict the usefulness of surficial aquifers as a drinking water source. Waters in buried glacial aquifers exceeded USEPA health advisories for dissolved solids, sodium, and manganese. Sixty-six percent of waters in surficial aquifers also exceeded the Health Advisory for manganese.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri984175","usgsCitation":"Cowdery, T., 1998, Ground-water quality in the Red River of the North Basin, Minnesota and North Dakota, 1991-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4175, vi, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984175.","productDescription":"vi, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4175/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95619,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4175/report.pdf","size":"4772","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Red River of the North Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.4052734375, 49.001843917978526 ], [ -99.99755859375, 48.99463598353408 ], [ -99.964599609375, 48.915279853443806 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.88639177703194 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.719961222646276 ], [ -99.86572265625, 48.61112192003074 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.46563710044979 ], [ -99.68994140625, 48.356249029540706 ], [ -99.6240234375, 48.22467264956519 ], [ -99.700927734375, 48.122101028190805 ], [ -99.82177734375, 48.004625021133904 ], [ -99.99755859375, 47.98256841921402 ], [ -100.338134765625, 47.98256841921402 ], [ -100.294189453125, 47.879512933970496 ], [ -100.21728515624999, 47.82053186746053 ], [ -100.294189453125, 47.7097615426664 ], [ -100.4150390625, 47.62097541515849 ], [ -100.51391601562499, 47.53203824675999 ], [ -100.250244140625, 47.42065432071321 ], [ -100.01953125, 47.35371061951363 ], [ -99.84374999999999, 47.4355191531953 ], [ -99.766845703125, 47.60616304386874 ], [ -99.6240234375, 47.71715357016648 ], [ -99.393310546875, 47.73193447949174 ], [ -99.140625, 47.746711194756 ], [ -98.76708984374999, 47.68757916850813 ], [ -98.602294921875, 47.62097541515849 ], [ -98.4814453125, 47.47266286861342 ], [ -98.536376953125, 47.30903424774781 ], [ -98.58032226562499, 47.15236927446393 ], [ -98.45947265625, 46.965259400349275 ], [ -98.32763671875, 46.7549166192819 ], [ -98.118896484375, 46.626806395355175 ], [ -98.052978515625, 46.55886030311719 ], [ -98.19580078125, 46.430285240839964 ], [ -98.15185546874999, 46.255846818480336 ], [ -98.052978515625, 46.05036097561633 ], [ -97.943115234375, 45.91294412737392 ], [ -97.701416015625, 45.85176048817254 ], [ -97.31689453125, 45.836454050187726 ], [ -97.152099609375, 45.897654534346884 ], [ -96.96533203125, 45.897654534346884 ], [ -96.88842773437499, 45.78284835197676 ], [ -96.767578125, 45.71385093029221 ], [ -96.45996093749999, 45.67548217560647 ], [ -96.43798828125, 45.61403741135093 ], [ -96.40502929687499, 45.54483149242463 ], [ -96.15234375, 45.60635207711834 ], [ -95.92163085937499, 45.805828539928356 ], [ -95.92163085937499, 45.92822950933618 ], [ -95.92163085937499, 46.13417004624326 ], [ -95.833740234375, 46.195042108660154 ], [ -95.723876953125, 46.07323062540838 ], [ -95.49316406249999, 46.126556302418514 ], [ -95.526123046875, 46.255846818480336 ], [ -95.33935546875, 46.31658418182218 ], [ -95.284423828125, 46.52863469527167 ], [ -95.33935546875, 46.702202151643455 ], [ -95.2734375, 46.875213396722685 ], [ -95.29541015625, 47.08508535995384 ], [ -95.2734375, 47.19717795172789 ], [ -95.284423828125, 47.35371061951363 ], [ -95.25146484374999, 47.44294999517949 ], [ -95.086669921875, 47.56170075451973 ], [ -94.95483398437499, 47.60616304386874 ], [ -94.58129882812499, 47.65058757118734 ], [ -94.3505859375, 47.76148371616669 ], [ -94.19677734375, 47.857402894658236 ], [ -93.9990234375, 48.004625021133904 ], [ -94.02099609375, 48.122101028190805 ], [ -94.19677734375, 48.23199134320962 ], [ -94.33959960937499, 48.32703913063476 ], [ -94.625244140625, 48.31973404047173 ], [ -95.00976562499999, 48.34894812401375 ], [ -95.185546875, 48.34894812401375 ], [ -95.1416015625, 48.45106561953216 ], [ -95.07568359375, 48.596592251456705 ], [ -95.185546875, 48.61838518688487 ], [ -95.350341796875, 48.65468584817256 ], [ -95.372314453125, 48.741700879765396 ], [ -95.3173828125, 48.821332549646634 ], [ -95.33935546875, 48.90805939965008 ], [ -95.4052734375, 49.001843917978526 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66724a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowdery, T.K.","contributorId":92658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowdery","given":"T.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26422,"text":"wri984040A - 1998 - Nitrate and pesticides in ground water in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California : Occurrence and trends","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-10T14:37:46.207732","indexId":"wri984040A","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4040","chapter":"A","title":"Nitrate and pesticides in ground water in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California : Occurrence and trends","docAbstract":"

The occurrence of nitrate and pesticides in ground water in California's eastern San Joaquin Valley may be greatly influenced by the long history of intensive farming and irrigation and the generally permeable sediments. This study, which is part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program, was done to assess the quality of the ground water and to do a preliminary evaluation of the temporal trends in nitrate and pesticides in the alluvial fans of the eastern San Joaquin Valley. Ground-water samples were collected from 30 domestic wells in 1995 (each well was sampled once during 1995). The results of the analyses of these samples were related to various physical and chemical factors in an attempt to understand the processes that control the occurrence and the concentrations of nitrate and pesticides. A preliminary evaluation of the temporal trends in the occurrence and the concentration of nitrate and pesticides was done by comparing the results of the analyses of the 1995 ground-water samples with the results of the analyses of the samples collected in 1986-87 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program. Nitrate concentrations (dissolved nitrate plus nitrite, as nitrogen) in ground water sampled in 1995 ranged from less than 0.05 to 34 milligrams per liter, with a median concentration of 4.6 milligrams per liter. Nitrate concentrations exceeded the maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter (as nitrogen) in 5 of the 30 ground-water samples (17 percent), whereas 12 of the 30 samples (40 percent) had nitrate concentrations less than 3.0 milligrams per liter. The high nitrate concentrations were associated with recently recharged, well-oxygenated ground water that has been affected by agriculture (indicated by the positive correlations between nitrate, dissolved-oxygen, tritium, and specific conductance). Twelve pesticides were detected in 21 of the 30 ground-water samples (70 percent) in 1995, although only 5 pesticides were detected in more than 10 percent of the ground-water samples. All 12 pesticides were detected at concentrations below the maximum contaminant levels, except the banned soil fumigants 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (3 detections) and 1,2-dibromoethane (1 detection). Atrazine and desethyl atrazine (a transformation product of atrazine) were the most frequently detected pesticides; they were detected in 11 ground-water samples. The frequent detections of atrazine and desethyl atrazine may be related either to past applications of atrazine or to recent application on rights-of-way. Simazine was detected in 10 ground-water samples and diuron was detected in 4 ground-water samples. The detections of simazine and diuron are generally consistent with their reported applications on the crops near the wells where they were detected. 1,2,3-trichloropropane, a manufacturing by-product of 1,2-dichloropropane and 1,3- dichloropropene formulations, was detected in 4 ground-water samples. The occurrence of 1,2,3-trichloropropane, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, and 1,2-dibromoethane is probably related to past use. Similar to nitrate concentrations, pesticide occurrence was positively correlated to dissolved-oxygen concentrations, indicating that areas with high dissolved-oxygen concentrations may be vulnerable to contamination by nitrate and pesticides. High dissolved-oxygen concentrations may be associated with water that has been rapidly recharged. A comparison of the concentrations and the occurrence of nitrate and pesticides between 1986-87 and 1995 indicates that nitrate concentrations may pose a greater threat to the quality of the ground-water resource in this region than pesticides, in the context of current drinking-water standards. Nitrate concentrations were significantly higher in the 1995 ground-water samples than in the 1986-87 samples collected from the same wells. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984040A","usgsCitation":"Burow, K.R., Stork, S.V., and Dubrovsky, N., 1998, Nitrate and pesticides in ground water in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California : Occurrence and trends: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4040, vii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984040A.","productDescription":"vii, 33 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95600,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4040a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4040a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":465889,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48926.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Calfornia","otherGeospatial":"eastern San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.95328973343302,\n 35.149612634706855\n ],\n [\n -118.21849660316592,\n 35.5691113860683\n ],\n [\n -121.16627960421067,\n 38.639444263187556\n ],\n [\n -121.73464058086857,\n 38.38745365412791\n ],\n [\n -118.95328973343302,\n 35.149612634706855\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6972b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stork, Sylvia V. 0000-0002-1994-5560 svstork@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1994-5560","contributorId":5096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stork","given":"Sylvia","email":"svstork@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dubrovsky, N. M.","contributorId":48199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"N. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25529,"text":"wri984102 - 1998 - Geohydrology of the Winchester Subbasin, Riverside County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-21T14:21:31","indexId":"wri984102","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4102","title":"Geohydrology of the Winchester Subbasin, Riverside County, California","docAbstract":"The 20-square-mile Winchester structural subbasin is an alluvium-filled paleocanyon that is as much as 900 feet deep. The alluvial aquifer is composed of detrital material that generally ranges in size from clay to fine gravel; the fine and coarse materials are mixed in some places and inter- bedded in others. The apparent lenticularity of fine- and coarse-grained materials and differing water quality with depth indicate that the aquifer is partly or locally confined.\nA ground-water divide exists east of the town of Winchester. West of the divide, ground water moves toward and into the South Perris and the Menifee subbasins. East of the divide, ground water moves toward and into the Hemet subbasin. The components of flow direction in the Winchester?Hemet subbasins border area are complex: along the border, some water moves from the southwest corner of the Hemet subbasin into the Winchester subbasin and then eastward subparallel to the border before moving back into the Hemet subbasin. The direction of ground-water movement between the Winchester and Hemet subbasins, and the position of the ground-water divide in the central part of the Winchester subbasin, have changed with time. Prior to about 1974, ground water moved both eastward from the divide and westward from the Hemet subbasin toward a local depression of the water table caused by pumping in the eastern part of the Winchester subbasin.\nComparison of spring 1970 and spring 1993 ground-water levels indicates a net rise of as much as 150 feet in the east end of the Winchester subbasin. For this same period, water levels rose about 3 to 20 feet in the western and central parts of the subbasin.\nGround-water chemistry in the Winchester subbasin and adjacent subbasins varies areally and vertically. In general, sodium, calcium, chloride, and sulfate are dominant ions. Water quality is generally poor: dissolved-solids concentration exceeded 2,000 milligrams per liter throughout much of the subbasin and was highest west of the town of Winchester. Eastward along the subbasin axis (toward the Hemet subbasin), the dissolved-solids concentration decreases and the pH increases (generally greater than 7.0). Samples from two multiple-well monitoring sites at the west and east ends of the subbasin indicate that the best quality water (dissolved-solids concentrations of 395 and 483 milligrams per liter) is from the deepest wells (perforated near the alluvium- bedrock contact). Samples from the deeper wells in the eastern part of the Winchester subbasin are similar in water type to a sample from a well in the western part of the Hemet subbasin, which suggests that the water may have flowed from the Hemet subbasin; alternatively, the chemistry may reflect the influence of good-quality water flowing from the fractured bedrock basement to the alluvium in the eastern part of the Winchester subbasin. In addition, the potential problem of poor-quality water moving from the Winchester subbasin into the Hemet subbasin may not exist at all depths; fair- to good-quality water may be present below a depth of about 450 feet.\nDissolved-solids concentrations in the southwest part of the Hemet subbasin ranged from about 900 milligrams per liter at well 5S/1W-19Q1 about one-quarter mile north of the Winchester?Hemet subbasin boundary to about 3,500 milligrams per liter at well 5S/2W-24C2 near the bedrock outcrops southeast of the Lakeview Mountains. High dissolved-solids concentration in the vicinity of well 5S/2W-24C2 most likely is a result of dissolution of constituents from the aquifer matrix, evaporative processes, and agricultural practices that occur in that vicinity rather than a result of flow from the Winchester subbasin.\nAquifer-test results indicate that the transmissivity is about 950 feet squared per day in the eastern part of the Winchester subbasin near the boundary with the Hemet subbasin and about 72 feet squared per day in the western part of the subbasin near the boundary with th","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/wri984102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Eastern Municipal Water District","usgsCitation":"Kaehler, C.A., Burton, C., Rees, T.F., and Christensen, A.H., 1998, Geohydrology of the Winchester Subbasin, Riverside County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4102, vi, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984102.","productDescription":"vi, 90 p.","numberOfPages":"96","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287520,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4102/report.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 11","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","city":"Winchester","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,33.5 ], [ -117.25,34.0 ], [ -116.75,34.0 ], [ -116.75,33.5 ], [ -117.25,33.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6995da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaehler, Charles A. ckaehler@usgs.gov","contributorId":210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaehler","given":"Charles","email":"ckaehler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":194056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":41793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rees, Terry F.","contributorId":9688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rees","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christensen, Allen H. 0000-0002-7061-5591 ahchrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-5591","contributorId":1510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Allen","email":"ahchrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":27938,"text":"wri984084 - 1998 - Potentiometric surface of the Cockfield aquifer in southeastern Arkansas and the Wilcox aquifers in southern and northeastern Arkansas, October 1996-July 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-13T21:16:52.297989","indexId":"wri984084","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4084","title":"Potentiometric surface of the Cockfield aquifer in southeastern Arkansas and the Wilcox aquifers in southern and northeastern Arkansas, October 1996-July 1997","docAbstract":"The Cockfield and Wilcox aquifers are secondary sources of water for local use in southern and northeastern Arkansas, where in 1995 more than 51 million gallons per day of water was withdrawn. During October 1996 to July 1997, water levels in the Cockfield and Wilcox aquifers were measured in 104 wells in Arkansas. The potentiometric surface data reveal spatial trends in both aquifers across the study areas.\r\nThe regional direction of ground-water flow of the Cockfield aquifer is generally southeastward, away from the outcrop area, except where affected by intense ground-water withdrawals. The potentiometric surface indicates that heavy pumpage has altered or reversed the natural direction of flow in some areas. Flow in these areas is toward centers of pumping within cones of depression. A cone of depression caused by the pumpage near Greenville, Mississippi, extends into Chicot, Desha, and Drew Counties. This cone of depression has altered flow patternArkansas. Long-term hydrographs of six wells, during the period 1971-1996, showed water levels declined at an average rate between 0.5 and 1.0 foot per year at these locations.\r\nThe regional direction of ground-water flow in the Wilcox aquifers is generally toward the east and south, away from the outcrop except where water levels are affected by intense ground-water withdrawals. The potentiometric surface indicates that heavy pumpage has altered or reversed the natural direction of ground-water flow in some areas. Flow in these areas is toward centers of pumping within cones of depression. Two cones of depression are centered in the vicinity of Paragould and West Memphis, Arkansas, where ground-water withdrawals have altered the natural direction of flow. Long-term hydrographs of seven wells, during the period 1971- 1996, show water-level declines in the Wilcox aquifer in northeastern Arkansas generally were between 0.5 and 1.0 foot per year but were more than 1.0 foot per year in two wells.\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission and the Arkansas Geological Commission has monitored water levels in the Cockfield and Wilcox aquifers since the 1960's. During October 1996 to July 1997, 53 water-level measurements were made in wells completed in the Cockfield aquifer, 13 water-level measurements were made in wells completed in the Wilcox aquifer in southern Arkansas, and 38 water-level measurements were made in wells com- pleted in the Wilcox aquifer in northeastern Arkansas. The purpose of these measurements was to provide information to describe the recent potentiometric surfaces and long-term water-level trends in the Cockfield and Wilcox aquifers. This report presents the results as potentiometric surface maps and as long-term water-level hydrographs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984084","usgsCitation":"Joseph, R.L., 1998, Potentiometric surface of the Cockfield aquifer in southeastern Arkansas and the Wilcox aquifers in southern and northeastern Arkansas, October 1996-July 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4084, Report; iii, 19 p.; 3 Plates: 24.50 × 16.92 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984084.","productDescription":"Report; iii, 19 p.; 3 Plates: 24.50 × 16.92 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394343,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42942.htm"},{"id":158726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4084/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95680,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4084/plate-2.pdf","size":"1040","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95681,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4084/plate-3.pdf","size":"1340","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95679,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4084/plate-1.pdf","size":"2402","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95678,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4084/report.pdf","size":"2210","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Cockfield aquifer, Wilcox aquifers","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.75,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -89.643,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -89.643,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -93.75,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -93.75,\n 33\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db683050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joseph, Robert L. rljoseph@usgs.gov","contributorId":3482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"Robert","email":"rljoseph@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}