{"pageNumber":"276","pageRowStart":"6875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11003,"records":[{"id":70220369,"text":"70220369 - 1999 - Stable isotopes and mineral resource investigations in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T20:10:53.198343","indexId":"70220369","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T16:10:41","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8585,"text":"Information Handout","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Stable isotopes and mineral resource investigations in the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The elements oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and carbon are important constituents of hydrothermal ore-forming systems and the weathering processes of mineral deposits in the surficial environment. They also play key roles in volcanic activity, ecosystem dynamics, climate change, and hydrologic and atmospheric processes. Therefore, study of the stable isotopes of these elements can provide powerful insights into these processes. This is especially true for ongoing U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) projects in the Eastern United States that are concerned with the origins of base (copper, lead, and zinc) and precious (gold and silver) metal deposits in the Carolina slate belt and northern Maine and with the environmental effects of weathering of mineral deposits (fig. 1).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70220369","usgsCitation":"Seal,, R., 1999, Stable isotopes and mineral resource investigations in the United States: Information Handout, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70220369.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385516,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385515,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/info/seal2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": 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II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":141204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70220368,"text":"70220368 - 1999 - Environmental processes that affect mineral deposits in the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T20:08:19.512337","indexId":"70220368","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T16:08:04","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8585,"text":"Information Handout","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Environmental processes that affect mineral deposits in the eastern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>A thorough understanding of the environmental processes that affect mineral deposits and mine wastes has become increasingly important as the Nation wrestles with how to meet our current demand for metals without compromising the environment and how to mitigate the damage caused by the mining practices of previous generations. Regulatory requirements are dominated by empirical approaches to environmental problems associated with mining, but mitigation and reclamation can be enhanced greatly by a theoretical and conceptual understanding of the processes that affect the availability, transport, and fixation of metals and the generation of acidic waters.</span></p><p><span>U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research efforts in the Eastern United States are concentrating on environmental processes that affect a class of mineral deposits known as massive sulfide deposits. These occurrences were valued historically for their sulfur content and recently for their metals. This deposit type is a research priority because of its economic significance and high potential for adverse environmental impact due to its high sulfide content and the low acid-buffering capacity of host rocks. Numerous examples of these deposits are found in the East, including reclaimed mine sites, abandoned mines, active mines, and sites currently in the permitting process for future production.</span></p><p><span>Published studies of mine drainage chemistry from the Iron Mountain massive sulfide deposit in California have documented extreme conditions of very low pH and high heavy-metal concentrations. These extreme conditions are attributed to the unique hydrologic and climatic settings of the deposit and probably are independent of the mineral deposit type.</span></p><p><span>Areas currently under study include Bald Mountain, Maine, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the Vermont copper belt, Contrary Creek, Virginia, and Prince William Forest Park, Virginia (fig.1). Goals of the research are (1) to give land-use planners and the mining industry a better empirical framework from which to assess potential environmental impacts of mining, particularly under eastern climatic conditions, and (2) to provide a better theoretical and conceptual framework from which to design more effective and cost efficient mitigation and reclamation programs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70220368","usgsCitation":"Seal,, R., 1999, Environmental processes that affect mineral deposits in the eastern United States: Information Handout, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70220368.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385513,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/info/seal1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal,, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":141204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70068931,"text":"70068931 - 1999 - Laramide to Holocene structural development of the northern Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-30T11:56:08","indexId":"70068931","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T14:31:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Laramide to Holocene structural development of the northern Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"<p>The Rocky Mountain province of the United States is a classic basement-involved foreland orogen. Deformation during the Late Cretaceous to Eocene Laramide orogeny created an anastomosing system of basement-cored arches that bound the northern and eastern margins of the Colorado Plateau and the elliptical sedimentary basins of the Rockies. The tectonic mechanism for Laramide deformation remains controversial, with proposed mechanisms ranging from subcrustal shear during low-angle subduction (Bird, 1988, 1998; Hamilton, 1988) to detachment of the upper crust during plate collision to the west (Oldow and others, 1990; Erslev, 1993). The Rocky Mountains south of Wyoming have the additional complication of a period of mid-Tertiary igneous activity and sedimentation that coincides with Neogene extension along the Rio Grande rift.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This field trip (Fig. 1) will explore the Laramide to Holocene structural development of the southern Rocky Mountains by examining the geologic record exposed in the northern Front Range of Colorado. The Front Range starts north of Canon City, Colorado, and trends north-northwest to Golden, Colorado. North of Golden, the range takes a more northerly trend toward the Wyoming border where it bifurcates into the north-trending Laramie Range (Brewer and others, 1982) and the north-northwest-trending Medicine Bow Range.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Colorado and adjacent areas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-0001-9.21","usgsCitation":"Erslev, E.A., Kellogg, K., Bryant, B., Ehrlich, T.K., Holdaway, S.M., and Naeser, C.W., 1999, Laramide to Holocene structural development of the northern Colorado Front Range, chap. <i>of</i> Colorado and adjacent areas, v. 1, p. 21-40, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-0001-9.21.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280910,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-0001-9.21"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Front Range","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.25,37.72 ], [ -107.25,40.96 ], [ -103.71,40.96 ], [ -103.71,37.72 ], [ -107.25,37.72 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6418e4b0b290850ff3a6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lageson, David R.","contributorId":113216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lageson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509690,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lester, Alan Trudgill Trudgill, Bruce","contributorId":111607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lester","given":"Alan","suffix":"Trudgill, Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"Trudgill","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509689,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Erslev, Eric A.","contributorId":42135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erslev","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S.","contributorId":89896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bryant, Bruce bbryant@usgs.gov","contributorId":1355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Bruce","email":"bbryant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ehrlich, Timothy K.","contributorId":102793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehrlich","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holdaway, Steven M.","contributorId":16749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holdaway","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Naeser, Charles W.","contributorId":76281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70006976,"text":"70006976 - 1999 - Influence of temperature and substrate on infection rate, triactinomyxon production, and release duration from eastern tubifex worms infected with <i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T13:55:19","indexId":"70006976","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T13:47:33","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Influence of temperature and substrate on infection rate, triactinomyxon production, and release duration from eastern tubifex worms infected with <i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i>","docAbstract":"<p>Salmonid whirling disease is caused by <i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i>, a metazoan parasite with a two host life cycle involving salmonid fish a an aquatic oligochaete, <i>Tubifex tubifex</i> (Wolf, Markiw and Hiltunen, 1986).  Whirling disease has been reported in 22 U.S. states with the greatest losses occurring in the salmonid fisheries of western and Midwestern states.  Although whirling disease is endemic in the eastern United States, serious documented losses to wild populations have not been reported.  Two high priority research needs identified in 1996 were a better understanding of how worm and parasite populations might differ from different geographic areas and how environmental factors affect the various stages of whirling disease.  To begin to address these research needs we established \"eastern\" populations of worms, parasite and fish hosts.  This abstract will present data on the effects of temperature and substrate upon eastern <i>T. tubifex</i> worms infected with an eastern isolate of <i>M. cerebralis</i>.  The influences of these abiotic factors upon the ability to infect the worms and subsequently their ability to produce waterborne triactinomyxons.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"5th Annual Whirling Disease Symposium: Research and Management Perspectives","conferenceLocation":"Missoula, Montana","language":"English","publisher":"Whirling Disease Foundation","publisherLocation":"Bozeman, MT","usgsCitation":"Waldrop, T., Blazer, V., Smith, D., Schill, B., and Densmore, C., 1999, Influence of temperature and substrate on infection rate, triactinomyxon production, and release duration from eastern tubifex worms infected with <i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i>, p. 251-255.","productDescription":"p. 251-255","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289232,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286f2e4b07b8813a554cc","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schill, B.","contributorId":17576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508417,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldrop, T.","contributorId":113654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508418,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, V. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":6799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508416,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Waldrop, Thomas","contributorId":56977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":102880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":355592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, David","contributorId":56303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schill, Bane","contributorId":49453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"Bane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Densmore, Christine","contributorId":29312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70220361,"text":"70220361 - 1999 - Geology of the Loess Hills, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T15:33:23.8776","indexId":"70220361","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T11:33:03","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8585,"text":"Information Handout","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Geology of the Loess Hills, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many Americans think of Iowa as having little topographic variation. However, in westernmost Iowa the Loess Hills rise 200 feet above the flat plains forming a narrow band running north-south 200 miles along the Missouri River. The steep angles and sharp bluffs on the western side of the Loess Hills are in sharp contrast to the flat rectangular cropfields of the Missouri River flood plain. From the east, gently rolling hills blend into steep ridges.</span></p><p><span>Loess (pronounced \"luss\"), is German for loose or crumbly. It is a gritty, lightweight, porous material composed of tightly packed grains of quartz, feldspar, mica, and other minerals. Loess is the source of most of our Nation's rich agricultural soils and is common in the U.S. and around the world. However, Iowa's Loess Hills are unusual because the layers of loess are extraordinarily thick, as much as 200 feet in some places. The extreme thickness of the loess layers and the intricately carved terrain of the Loess Hills make them a rare geologic feature. Shaanxi, China, is the only other location where loess layers are as deep and extensive. Though much older (2.5 million years) and much thicker (nearly 300 feet) than Iowa's loess, the Shaanxi loess hills have been greatly altered by both natural and human activity and no longer retain their original characteristics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70220361","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, Geology of the Loess Hills, Iowa: Information Handout, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70220361.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385498,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/info/loess/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Loess Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.800537109375,\n              40.57224011776902\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.262451171875,\n              40.57224011776902\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.262451171875,\n              43.092960677116295\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.800537109375,\n              43.092960677116295\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.800537109375,\n              40.57224011776902\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW"}
,{"id":70074636,"text":"70074636 - 1999 - 200,000 years of climate change recorded in eolian sediments of the High Plains of eastern Colorado and western Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-30T11:56:42","indexId":"70074636","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T11:22:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"200,000 years of climate change recorded in eolian sediments of the High Plains of eastern Colorado and western Nebraska","docAbstract":"<p>Loess and eolian sand cover vast areas of the western Great \nPlains of Nebraska, Kansas and Colorado (Fig. 1). In recent \nstudies of Quaternary climate change, there has been a renewed \ninterest in loess and eolian sand. Much of the attention now \ngiven to loess stems from new studies of long loess sequences \nthat contain detailed records of Quaternary glacial-interglacial \ncycles, thought to be a terrestrial equivalent to the foraminiferal \noxygen isotope record in deep-sea sediments (Fig. 2). Loess is \nalso a direct record of atmospheric circulation, and identification \nof loess paleowinds in the geologic record can test atmospheric \ngeneral circulation models. Until recently, eolian sand on \nthe Great Plains had received little attention from Quaternary \ngeologists. The past decade has seen a proliferation of studies of \nGreat Plains dune sands, and many studies, summarized below, \nindicate that landscapes characterized by eolian sand have had \ndynamic histories.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>On this field trip, we will visit some key eolian sand and \nloess localities in eastern Colorado and southwestern Nebraska \n(Fig. 1). Stratigraphic studies at some of these localities have \nbeen conducted for more than 50 years, but others have been \nsystematically studied only in the past few years. Many of the \ndata which appear in this guidebook have been derived from \nprevious studies (Swinehart and Diffendal, 1990; Madole, \n1994; Loope and others, 1995; Maat and Johnson, 1996; Muhs \nand others, 1996, 1997a, 1999; Mason and others, 1997; \nAleinikoff and others, 1999), but some are presented here for \nthe first time.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Colorado and adjacent areas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-0001-9.71","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D.R., Swinehart, J.B., Loope, D.B., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Been, J., 1999, 200,000 years of climate change recorded in eolian sediments of the High Plains of eastern Colorado and western Nebraska, chap. <i>of</i> Colorado and adjacent areas, v. 1, p. 71-91, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-0001-9.71.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281731,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281730,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-0001-9.71"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.5,39.0 ], [ -105.5,42.0 ], [ -100.0,42.0 ], [ -100.0,39.0 ], [ -105.5,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539a2a0ee4b0a59b26496f72","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lageson, David R.","contributorId":113216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lageson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509778,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lester, Alan","contributorId":112192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lester","given":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509776,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trudgill, Bruce","contributorId":112581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trudgill","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509777,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swinehart, James B.","contributorId":85270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swinehart","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loope, David B.","contributorId":59589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Been, Josh","contributorId":19340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Been","given":"Josh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70006996,"text":"70006996 - 1999 - Assessment of landscape correlates of Eastern hemlock decline due to hemlock woolly adelgid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-27T10:17:00","indexId":"70006996","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T10:12:14","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Assessment of landscape correlates of Eastern hemlock decline due to hemlock woolly adelgid","docAbstract":"<p>Eastern hemlock (<i>Tsuga canadensis</i>) is in decline\nthroughout its range in the eastern US due to infestation by\nan exotic insect pest, the hemlock woolly adelgid (<i>Adelges\ntsugae</i>). In Shenandoah National Park, the hemlock woolly\nadelgid (HWA) rapidly killed many stands of hemlock after\nfirst appearing in the late-1980’s, while having only minor\nimpact in other stands. At present, few investigators have\nexamined the mechanisms that produce this discontinuous\nimpact, although landscape factors are predicted to play a\nmajor role (Orwig and Foster, 1998: Perry 1988). In an effort\nto address possible landscape correlates to hemlock\ndecline, we conducted a preliminary analysis of 5 years of\nhemlock health estimates in comparison to measures of\nterrain, stand isolation, and potential dispersal corridors at\nthe stand level. We found that elevation, slope, light conditions, and distance to streams all exhibited relatively\nstrong correlation with hemlock decline, although the\nrelationship varied by year. In addition, there appears to be\nsome evidence of spatial autocorrelation in decline,\nsuggesting that similar environmental conditions are either\ncontrolling the adelgid or making hemlock stands more\nsusceptible to HWA. We are using the results of this\npreliminary analysis to guide more detailed efforts aimed at\nmodeling hemlock stand vulnerability as a result of site,\nlandscape, and regional factors.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Symposium on sustainable management of hemlock ecosystems in Eastern North America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on sustainable management of hemlock ecosystems in Eastern North America","conferenceLocation":"Durham, New Hampshire","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","publisherLocation":"Newtown Square, PA","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Young, J., Snyder, C., Akerson, J., and Hunt, G., 1999, Assessment of landscape correlates of Eastern hemlock decline due to hemlock woolly adelgid, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"134","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.8516,38.0409 ], [ -78.8516,38.9104 ], [ -78.1501,38.9104 ], [ -78.1501,38.0409 ], [ -78.8516,38.0409 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7633e4b0abf75cf2becc","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McManus, K.A.","contributorId":112439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McManus","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508424,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shields, K.S.","contributorId":114066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shields","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508426,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Souto, D.R.","contributorId":113167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Souto","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508425,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Young, John","contributorId":104404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snyder, Craig 0000-0002-3448-597X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3448-597X","contributorId":23445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Craig","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":355630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Akerson, James","contributorId":21461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akerson","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, Gary","contributorId":106017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70073917,"text":"70073917 - 1999 - Application of aerial gamma-ray spectrometric and magnetic surveys in geologic mapping: a case study in southern Virginia and northern North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-24T10:21:08","indexId":"70073917","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T09:59:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Application of aerial gamma-ray spectrometric and magnetic surveys in geologic mapping: a case study in southern Virginia and northern North Carolina","docAbstract":"Aerial gamma-ray spectrometric and magnetic survey maps are valuable aids for geologic\nmapping where rocks are poorly exposed in south-central Virginia and northernmost North Carolina.\nBroad low areas on the potassium and thorium gamma-ray survey maps distinguish the Carolina,\nSpring Hope, and Roanoke Rapids terranes from more highly radiogenic areas of the Raleigh and\nTriplet terranes, reflecting differences in the compositions of residual soils. Granitic rocks are\ndelineated most clearly by potassium highs and less clearly by thorium highs. Nearly all the\nthorium highs other than those related to granites are associated with amphibolite-facies rocks of\nthe Raleigh and Triplet terranes. Contrasting thorium lows within these terranes help to distinguish\nthe individual rock units. In the Carolina and Roanoke Rapids terranes, high-gradient magnetic\npatterns delineate stratified metavolcanic and metasedimentary units that are not discernible from\nthe gamma-ray surveys. Circular magnetic highs coincide with gabbro plutons, and numerous\nmagnetic lineaments correspond to Jurassic diabase dikes. Magnetically uniform, low-gradient\nareas coincide with less mafic plutons. A magnetic lineament (high) coincides with the Nutbush\nCreek fault zone, and other faults are distinguished as boundaries between zones of contrasting\ngeophysical properties. The gamma-ray spectrometric and magnetic survey maps most effectively\nindicate geologic features in the region if they are employed collectively, and if they are interpreted\nin concert with simultaneous geologic field investigations.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of the Fall Zone Region along to North Carolina-Virginia State Line: guidebook for the 1999 meeting of the Carolina Geological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Carolina Geological Society","usgsCitation":"Horton, J., and Daniels, D.L., 1999, Application of aerial gamma-ray spectrometric and magnetic surveys in geologic mapping: a case study in southern Virginia and northern North Carolina, chap. <i>of</i> Geology of the Fall Zone Region along to North Carolina-Virginia State Line: guidebook for the 1999 meeting of the Carolina Geological Society, p. 29-36.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina;Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.5,36.5 ], [ -78.5,36.75 ], [ -77.5,36.75 ], [ -77.5,36.5 ], [ -78.5,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4d96e4b0b290850f1936","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Daniels, David L. 0000-0003-0599-8036 dave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-8036","contributorId":1792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"David","email":"dave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70201526,"text":"70201526 - 1999 - Atlantic white cedar plantings in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, and the Bogue Chitto National Wildlife Refuge, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-17T09:11:30","indexId":"70201526","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T09:10:52","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Atlantic white cedar plantings in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, and the Bogue Chitto National Wildlife Refuge, Mississippi","docAbstract":"<div>Populations of Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P.) growing at the extreme western range of the species are in danger of being lost, and information on the ecology of these populations is limited. Seeds and seedlings (\"wildlings\") were collected near Vancleave, MS. The wildlings were transplanted to bay-head sites on Bogue Chitto National Wildlife Refuge where canopy gaps had been created in early 1989. Seeds were germinated, grown in a greenhouse, and transplanted a year later to three locations within a slash pine plantation: a bedded and fertilized site, the margin of a cypress pond, and a wet gap, in St. Tammany Parish, Lousiana. These plantings were established to study survival and growth in different habitat types, to compare seedlings grown from seed versus transplanted wildlings, and to attempt to generate some interest in planting Atlantic white-cedar in the extreme western portion of its natural range.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>Overall seedling survival averaged 94 percent after five growing seasons, although significant differences were detected among sites. Mean height per site in 1994 was significantly greater at the bedded and fertilized site (233 centimeters), and lowest at the slash pine site (91 centimeters). Growth at the cypress pond site was intermediate (158 centimeters). Wildlings at the bay-head sites had lower survival rates (75 and 64 percent), but average heights for the two sites were similar to those of the seedlings (265 and 165 centimeters). These results show that plantings involving either local seed or wildlings are viable choices for regenerating Atlantic white-cedar in southern Mississippi and eastern Louisiana.</div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings Atlantic white-cedar: Ecology and management symposium ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Atlantic white-cedar: Ecology and management symposium ","conferenceDate":"August 6-7, 1997","conferenceLocation":"Asheville, North Carolina","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"McCoy, J.W., Keeland, B.D., and Allen, J., 1999, Atlantic white cedar plantings in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, and the Bogue Chitto National Wildlife Refuge, Mississippi, <i>in</i> Proceedings Atlantic white-cedar: Ecology and management symposium , Asheville, North Carolina, August 6-7, 1997, p. 36-41.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"41","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360355,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360354,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/897"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana; Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Bogue Chitto National Wildlife Refuge; St. Tammany Parish","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c18c426e4b006c4f856acee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCoy, John W. 0000-0003-3013-730X mccoyj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3013-730X","contributorId":3082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"John","email":"mccoyj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeland, Bobby D.","contributorId":103506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeland","given":"Bobby","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, James A. 0000-0001-6459-5734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6459-5734","contributorId":108095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29617,"text":"wri984181 - 1999 - Ground-water flow paths and traveltime to three small embayments within the Peconic Estuary, eastern Suffolk County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-29T14:15:13.90349","indexId":"wri984181","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4181","title":"Ground-water flow paths and traveltime to three small embayments within the Peconic Estuary, eastern Suffolk County, New York","docAbstract":"<p>The Peconic Estuary, at the eastern end of Long Island, has been plagued by a recurrent algal bloom that has caused the severe decline of local marine resources. Although the onset, duration, and cessation of the bloom remain unpredictable, ground-water discharge has been shown to affect surface-water quality in the western part of the estuary. Results from a study on the North Fork of Long Island indicate that local hydrogeologic factors cause differences in ground-water age and characteristics of discharge to the estuary. The need for information on the local patterns and rates of ground-water discharge to the Peconic Estuary prompted analysis of ground-water flow paths and traveltime to three small embayments within the estuary. Meetinghouse Creek, near the west end of the North Fork; Sag Harbor Cove, in the central part of the South Fork; and West Neck Bay, on Shelter Island.</p><p>Ground-water-flow models were developed, and particle-tracking procedures were applied to the results of each model, to define the flow paths and traveltime of ground water to the three embayments. The steady-state flow models represent the two-dimensional ground-water-flow system along a vertical section through the uplands of each embayment and simulate long-term hydrologic conditions. The particle-tracking procedure used model-generated ground-water levels and flow rates to calculate the water-particle pathlines and times-of-travel through each flow system from the point of entry (recharge) to the point of exit at streams, the shore, or subsea-discharge areas.</p><p>Results for the Meetinghouse Creek study area indicate that about 50 percent of the total recharge that enters the system flows southward to Meetinghouse Creek; half of this amount discharges as base flow to the fresh-water reach of the creek, and half as shoreline underflow to the estuarine reach. About 85 percent of the total discharge to Meetinghouse Creek has flowed entirely within the upper glacial aquifer, and about 15 percent has flowed through the Magothy aquifer. The average age of all ground water discharged to Meetinghouse Creek is about 60 years; the average age of base flow to the freshwater reach of the creek is about 7 years, and the average age of shoreline underflow to the estuarine reach is about 120 years. The results for the Sag Harbor Cove study area indicate that about 30 percent of the total recharge that enters the system flows northward to Sag Harbor Cove; about half of this amount discharges as shoreline underflow, and half as subsea underflow. About 40 percent of the total discharge to Sag Harbor Cove has flowed entirely within the upper glacial aquifer, and about 60 percent has flowed through the Pleistocene marine clay unit, Pleistocene(?) sand unit, or Magothy aquifer. The average age of all ground water discharged to Sag Harbor Cove is about 110 years; the average age of shoreline underflow is about 25 years, and the average age of subsea underflow is about 190 years.</p><p>Results for the West Neck Bay study area indicate that about 65 percent of the total recharge that enters the system flows westward to West Neck Bay; virtually all of this amount discharges as shoreline underflow, but a negligible percentage discharges as subsea underflow. Virtually all discharge to West Neck Bay has flowed entirely within the upper glacial aquifer, although a minor amount has flowed through the Pleistocene marine clay unit. The average age of shoreline underflow to West Neck Bay is about 15 years, and the average age of subsea underflow is about 1,800 years.</p><p>Ground water that discharges to streams and the shores represented in the models is mostly relatively young water that has flowed entirely within the shallow zones of the flow systems, whereas ground water that discharges to the subsea-discharge areas is mostly old water that has flowed through the deep zones. Data obtained from these models allows evaluation of each embayment.s vulnerability to contaminants introduced at the water table and can guide the development of source-area-protection strategies for the corresponding watersheds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984181","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Peconic Estuary Program and Suffolk Department of Health Services","usgsCitation":"Schubert, C., 1999, Ground-water flow paths and traveltime to three small embayments within the Peconic Estuary, eastern Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4181, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984181.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404557,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4181/wri19984181.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":369347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4181/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Suffolk County","otherGeospatial":"Peconic Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.65739440917969,\n              40.91403147143872\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.60520935058594,\n              40.91403147143872\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.60520935058594,\n              40.93426521177941\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.65739440917969,\n              40.93426521177941\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.65739440917969,\n              40.91403147143872\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, New York Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br>425 Jordan Rd<br> Troy, NY 12180<br> (518) 285-5695 <br> <a href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov/\">http://ny.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Hydrogeology</li><li>Ground-water flow paths and traveltime to three small embayments within the Peconic Estuary</li><li>Summary and conclusions</li><li>References cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aabe4b07f02db669b92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schubert, Christopher 0000-0003-0705-3933 schubert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0705-3933","contributorId":1243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubert","given":"Christopher","email":"schubert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":511069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2001551,"text":"2001551 - 1999 - Fish losses to double-crested cormorant predation in Eastern Lake Ontario, 1992-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T10:41:34","indexId":"2001551","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":96,"text":"USDA APHIS Technical Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"1879","title":"Fish losses to double-crested cormorant predation in Eastern Lake Ontario, 1992-97","docAbstract":"<p>We examined 4,848 regurgitated digestive pellets of double-crested cormorants (<i>Phalacrocorax auritus</i>) over a 6-year period (1992&ndash;97) to estimate annual predation on sport and other fishes in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario. We found more than 51,000 fish of 28 species. Using a model that incorporates annual colony nest counts; fledgling production rates; adult, immature, and young-of-year residence times (seasonal); estimates of mean number of fish per pellet and mean fish size; and a fecal pathway correction factor (4.0 percent), we estimate total annual number of fish consumed by cormorants in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario to range from 37 million to 128 million fish for 1993&ndash;97. This fish loss equates to an estimated 0.93 million to 3.21 million kg (mean 2.07 million kg) of fish consumed per year, principally alewife (<i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i>, 42.3 percent) and yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>, 18.4 percent). Forage fish (alewife, cyprinids, trout-perch [<i>Percopsis omiscomaycus</i>], and other minor components) accounted for 65 percent of the diet, and panfish contributed 34 percent of the diet for the 5-year period. Game fish were minor components of the diet, in view of an average estimated annual consumption of 900,000 smallmouth bass (<i>Micropterus dolomieui</i>, 1.1 percent) and 168,000 salmonines (mostly lake trout, <i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>, 0.2 percent). Cormorant predation on lake trout fingerlings stocked in May 1993 and June 1994 was estimated through the use of coded wire tag recoveries from pellets collected on Little Galloo Island 1 and 4 days after stocking events. We estimated losses of 13.6 percent and 8.8 percent, respectively, of the fish stocked for the two events, an average of 11.2 percent. Such losses may be reduced through alteration of existing stocking practices.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on Double-Crested Cormorants: Population Status and Management Issues in the Midwest","conferenceTitle":"Symposium on Double-Crested Cormorants: Population Status and Management Issues in the Midwest","conferenceDate":"December 9, 1997","conferenceLocation":"Milwaukee, WI","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Ross, R.M., and Johnson, J.H., 1999, Fish losses to double-crested cormorant predation in Eastern Lake Ontario, 1992-97: USDA APHIS Technical Bulletin 1879, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"70","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198789,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288448,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.aphis.usda.gov/wildlife_damage/nwrc/symposia/cormorant_symposium/"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario;Little Galloo Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.3988896,43.8827599 ], [ -76.3988896,43.8885207 ], [ -76.3923384,43.8885207 ], [ -76.3923384,43.8827599 ], [ -76.3988896,43.8827599 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5efb0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Robert M.","contributorId":62562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, James H. 0000-0002-5619-3871 jhjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-3871","contributorId":389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"jhjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015936,"text":"1015936 - 1999 - Defining landscapes suitable for restoration of grizzly bears Ursus arctos in Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-13T02:47:21.739472","indexId":"1015936","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Defining landscapes suitable for restoration of grizzly bears <i>Ursus arctos</i> in Idaho","title":"Defining landscapes suitable for restoration of grizzly bears Ursus arctos in Idaho","docAbstract":"<p><span>Informed management of large carnivores depends on the timely and useful presentation of relevant information. We describe an approach to evaluating carnivore habitat that uses pre-existing qualitative and quantitative information on humans and carnivores to generate coarse-scale maps of habitat suitability, habitat productivity, potential reserves, and areas of potential conflict. We use information pertinent to the contemplated reintroduction of grizzly bears&nbsp;</span><i>Ursus arctos horribilis</i><span>&nbsp;into central Idaho to demonstrate our approach. The approach uses measures of human numbers, their estimated distribution, road and trail access, and abundance and quality of bear foods to create standardized indices that are analogues of death and birth rates, respectively; the first subtracted from the second indicates habitat suitability (</span><i>HS</i><span>). We calibrate&nbsp;</span><i>HS</i><span>&nbsp;to sightings of grizzly bears in two ecosystems in northern Idaho and develop an empirical model from these same sightings based on piece-wise treatment of the variables contained in&nbsp;</span><i>HS</i><span>. Depending on whether the empirical model or&nbsp;</span><i>HS</i><span>&nbsp;is used, we estimate that there is 14 800 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;of suitable habitat in two blocks or 37 100 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;in one block in central Idaho, respectively. Both approaches show suitable habitat in the current Evaluation Area and in an area of southeastern Idaho centered on the Palisades Reservoir. Areas of highly productive habitat are concentrated in northern and western Idaho and in the Palisades area. Future conflicts between humans and bears are most likely to occur on the western and northern margins of suitable habitat in central Idaho, rather than to the east, where opposition to reintroduction of grizzly bears is currently strongest.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00057-3","usgsCitation":"Merrill, T., Mattson, D., Wright, R., and Quigley, H.B., 1999, Defining landscapes suitable for restoration of grizzly bears Ursus arctos in Idaho: Biological Conservation, v. 87, no. 2, p. 231-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00057-3.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"248","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479612,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(98)00057-3","text":"External 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,{"id":2001107,"text":"2001107 - 1999 - Avian cholera","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":2001107,"text":"2001107 - 1999 - Avian cholera","indexId":"2001107","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Avian cholera"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53926,"text":"itr19990001 - 1999 - Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","indexId":"itr19990001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53926,"text":"itr19990001 - 1999 - Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","indexId":"itr19990001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-16T11:16:42","indexId":"2001107","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"1999-0001","title":"Avian cholera","docAbstract":"<p> Avian cholera is a contagious disease resulting from infection by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida. Several subspecies of bacteria have been proposed for P. multocida, and at least 16 different P. multocida serotypes or characteristics of antigens in bacterial cells that differentiate bacterial variants from each other have been recognized. The serotypes are further differentiated by other methods, including DNA fingerprinting. These evaluations are useful for studying the ecology of avian cholera (Fig. 7.1), because different serotypes are generally found in poultry and free-ranging migratory birds. These evaluations also show that different P. multocida serotypes are found in wild birds in the eastern United States than those that are found in the birds in the rest of the Nation (Fig. 7.2).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Friend, M., 1999, Avian cholera: Information and Technology Report 1999-0001, 18 p.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15549,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/1999/field_manual_of_wildlife_diseases.pdf#page=87","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65ab2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friend, Milton 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":31332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"Milton","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1004110,"text":"1004110 - 1999 - Changes in element contents of four lichens over 11 years in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, northern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-04T16:41:43.683635","indexId":"1004110","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1575,"text":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in element contents of four lichens over 11 years in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, northern Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p><span>Four species of lichen (</span><i>Cladina rangiferina, Evernia mesomorpha, Hypogymnia physodes,</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Parmelia sulcata</i><span>) were sampled at six locations in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness three times over a span of 11 years and analyzed for concentrations of 16 chemical elements to test the hypotheses that corticolous species would accumulate higher amounts of chemical elements than terricolous species, and that 11 years were sufficient to detect spatial patterns and temporal trends in element contents. Multivariate analyses of over 2770 data points revealed two principal components that accounted for 68% of the total variance in the data. These two components, the first highly loaded with Al, B, Cr, Fe, Ni and S, and the second loaded with Ca, Cd, Mg and Mn, were inversely related to each other over time and space. The first component was interpreted as consisting of an anthropogenic and a dust component, while the second, primarily a nutritional component. Cu, K, Na, P, Pb and Zn were not highly loaded on either component. Component 1 decreased significantly over the 11 years and from west to east, while component 2 increased. The corticolous species were more enriched in heavy metals than the terricolous species. All four elements in component 2 in&nbsp;</span><i>H. physodes</i><span>&nbsp;were above enrichment thresholds for this species. Species differences on the two components were greater than the effects of time and space, suggesting that biomonitoring with lichens is strongly species dependent. Some localities in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness appear enriched in some anthropogenic elements for no obvious reasons.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0098-8472(98)00055-0","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J.P., and Wetmore, C.M., 1999, Changes in element contents of four lichens over 11 years in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, northern Minnesota: Environmental and Experimental Botany, v. 41, no. 1, p. 75-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-8472(98)00055-0.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Boundary Waters","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.28923768284771,\n              48.04818270788198\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2933028235245,\n              48.11064886039284\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.75266372000586,\n              48.10250540260512\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.85429223692648,\n              48.26242328251959\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.95592075384717,\n              48.23264591910663\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.43967249438973,\n              48.05361755828051\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.5941478401091,\n              48.10250540260512\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.73236262312133,\n              48.20014174802935\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.06163901794453,\n              48.35705411093949\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.35839428735292,\n              48.37325892048108\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.26896119246263,\n              48.243476057264246\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.4275016788588,\n              47.88487042872998\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.27300172663998,\n              47.76477982489226\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.28923768284771,\n              48.04818270788198\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, James P.","contributorId":100323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wetmore, C. M.","contributorId":65036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wetmore","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015996,"text":"1015996 - 1999 - Integrating physical and chemical characteristics of lakes into the glacially influenced landscape of the Northern Cascade Mountains, Washington State, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T08:55:39","indexId":"1015996","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating physical and chemical characteristics of lakes into the glacially influenced landscape of the Northern Cascade Mountains, Washington State, USA","docAbstract":"A basic knowledge of the physical and chemical characteristics of lakes is needed by management to make informed decisions to protect water resources. In this study we investigated some of the physical and chemical characteristics of 58 lakes in alpine, subalpine, and forest vegetation zones in a natural area (North Cascades National Park Service Complex) between 1989 and 1993. The objectives of the study were to: (1) document the time of ice-out relative to lake elevation; (2) determine how a sharp climate gradient west and east of the hydrologic divide affected the time of ice-out for subalpine lakes; and (3) assess how lake water quality was associated with lake elevation, lake depth, and basin geology. As expected, lake ice-out times occurred earlier with decreasing elevation. East-slope subalpine lakes iced-out earlier than did west-slope subalpine lakes because the east slope of the study area was drier and warmer than the west slope. On average, the lakes were relatively cold, neutral in pH, and low in dissolved substances and concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Although some shallow lakes (depth ,10 m) exhibited the highest alkalinities, conductivities, and concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen, most shallow lakes exhibited low values for these variables that were comparable to values observed in deep lakes. Geology did not play a major role in segregating the lakes based on water quality. Overall, lake temperature, pH,\r\nalkalinity, conductivity, and concentrations of total phosphorus and total Kjeldahl N increased with decreasing elevation. These changes in water quality with decreasing elevation in this temperate mountainous region corresponded with warmer air temperatures and increased vegetation biomass, soil depth and maturity, and dissolved substances and nutrients.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002679900228","usgsCitation":"Larson, G.L., Lomnicky, G., Hoffman, R., Liss, W., and Deimling, E., 1999, Integrating physical and chemical characteristics of lakes into the glacially influenced landscape of the Northern Cascade Mountains, Washington State, USA: Environmental Management, v. 24, no. 2, p. 219-228, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002679900228.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"228","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd62bbe4b0b290850fe5cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Gary L. gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Gary","email":"gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lomnicky, G.A.","contributorId":37697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lomnicky","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, Robert robert_hoffman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Robert","email":"robert_hoffman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liss, W.J.","contributorId":75887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liss","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Deimling, E.","contributorId":48522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deimling","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":95353,"text":"95353 - 1999 - Effect of altered salmonid stocking methods on cormorant predation in eastern Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:55","indexId":"95353","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Effect of altered salmonid stocking methods on cormorant predation in eastern Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Final Report: To assess the impact of double-crested cormorant predation on the smallmouth bass and other fishes of the eastern basin of Lake Ontario; Volume Section 11; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Bureau of Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"United States Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division","collaboration":"99-104/NF","usgsCitation":"Ross, R.M., and Johnson, J.H., 1999, Effect of altered salmonid stocking methods on cormorant predation in eastern Lake Ontario, p. 1-3.","productDescription":"p. 1-3","startPage":"1","endPage":"3","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625817","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185285,"text":"70185285 - 1999 - Bar-tailed Godwits <i>Limosa lapponica</i> in Alaska: A population estimate from the staging grounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:28:50","indexId":"70185285","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3704,"text":"Wader Study Group Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bar-tailed Godwits <i>Limosa lapponica</i> in Alaska: A population estimate from the staging grounds","docAbstract":"<p>Bar-tailed Godwits <i>Limosa lapponica</i> were surveyed on their staging grounds in Alaska during September 1995 and 1997. The single high count of 94,000 birds closely matched that of counts from New Zealand and south-eastern Australia, the known non-breeding area for most of the <i>baueri</i> subspecies. Numbers recorded on the southern Yukon-Kuskokwim River Delta and at Egegik Bay, a small estuary along the Alaska Peninsula, qualify both areas as Hemispheric Reserves under the Westem Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network, as sites within the East Asian-Australian Shorebird Reserve Network, and as Ramsar sites. The breeding origins, destinations, and taxonomic affinities of Bar-tailed Godwits staging on the coast of south-west Alaska need further assessment. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wader Study Group","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., and McCaffery, B.J., 1999, Bar-tailed Godwits <i>Limosa lapponica</i> in Alaska: A population estimate from the staging grounds: Wader Study Group Bulletin, v. 88, p. 49-54.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"54","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waderstudygroup.org/publications/bulletin/bulletin-vol-volume-106-and-earlier/","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -168.5302734375,\n              54.44449176335762\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.40234375,\n              54.44449176335762\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.40234375,\n              65.10914820386473\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.5302734375,\n              65.10914820386473\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.5302734375,\n              54.44449176335762\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"88","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf59ee4b0849ce97f0ce8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCaffery, Brian J.","contributorId":37617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffery","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187673,"text":"70187673 - 1999 - Surface phenology and satellite sensor-derived onset of greenness: An initial comparison","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T13:32:45","indexId":"70187673","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface phenology and satellite sensor-derived onset of greenness: An initial comparison","docAbstract":"<p><span>The objective of this work was to document the utility of phenological data derived from satellite sensors by comparing them with modelled phenology. Surface phenological model outputs (first leaf and first bloom dates) were correlated positively with satellite sensor-derived start of season (SOS) dates for 1991-1995 across the eastern United States. The correlation was highest for forest (r 0.62 for deciduous trees and 0.64 for mixed woodland) and tall grass (r 0.46) and lowest for short grass (r 0.37). The average correlation over all land cover types was 0.61. Average SOS dates were consistently earlier than Spring Index dates across all land cover types. This finding and limited native tree phenology data suggest that the SOS technique detects understorey green-up in the forest rather than overstorey species. The biweekly temporal resolution of the satellite sensor data placed an upper limit on prediction accuracy; thus, year-to-year variations at individual sites were typically small. Nevertheless, the correct biweek SOS could be identified from the surface models 61% of the time, and 1 biweek 96% of the time. Further temporal refinement of the satellite sensor measurements is necessary in order to connect them with surface phenology adequately and to develop links among 'green wave' components in selected biomes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/014311699211499","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, M.D., and Reed, B.C., 1999, Surface phenology and satellite sensor-derived onset of greenness: An initial comparison: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 20, no. 17, p. 3451-3457, https://doi.org/10.1080/014311699211499.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3451","endPage":"3457","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341225,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9b7e4b044b359e486aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Mark D.","contributorId":175228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":18038,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Bradley C. 0000-0002-1132-7178 reed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":2901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bradley","email":"reed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":81458,"text":"81458 - 1999 - Consumption of rainbow smelt by walleye and salmonine fishes in eastern Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:52","indexId":"81458","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Consumption of rainbow smelt by walleye and salmonine fishes in eastern Lake Erie","docAbstract":"At present, rainbow smelt appear to represent a key component of the eastern Lake Erie fish community as they are the dominant prey for virtually every open water predator, and are harvested directly by an important Ontario commercial fishery.  In response to concern over the status of rainbow smelt in eastern Lake Erie, our objective was to quantify some primary top down forces of rainbow smelt mortality that include walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum), five stocked salmonine fishes, and the commercial fishery.  This objective was to satisfy a need to understand whether consumption by the major fish predators was significant relative to the measured commercial harvest of rainbow smelt.  Achieving this knowledge may provide fisheries managers with an improved basis for managing the rainbow smelt resource through adjustments to stocking policies and/or commercial fishing quotas.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The state of Lake Erie: past, present and future","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Backhuys Publishers","publisherLocation":"Leiden, The Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Einhouse, D., Bur, M., Cornelius, F., Kenyon, R., Madenjian, C., Rand, P., Sztramko, K., and Witzel, L., 1999, Consumption of rainbow smelt by walleye and salmonine fishes in eastern Lake Erie, chap. <i>of</i> The state of Lake Erie: past, present and future, p. 291-303.","productDescription":"p. 291-303","startPage":"291","endPage":"303","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e91","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Munawar, M.","contributorId":79835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munawar","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504130,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edsall, T.","contributorId":8792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504128,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munawar, I.F.","contributorId":71934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munawar","given":"I.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504129,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Einhouse, D.W.","contributorId":27813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Einhouse","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bur, M.T.","contributorId":58215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bur","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cornelius, F.C.","contributorId":97841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornelius","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kenyon, R.","contributorId":33652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenyon","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rand, P.S.","contributorId":17561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rand","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sztramko, K.L.","contributorId":60977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sztramko","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Witzel, L.D.","contributorId":70324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzel","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70021257,"text":"70021257 - 1999 - At-sea distribution of Spectacled Eiders: A 120-year-old mystery resolved","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:59:14","indexId":"70021257","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"At-sea distribution of Spectacled Eiders: A 120-year-old mystery resolved","docAbstract":"<p>The at-sea distribution of the threatened Spectacled Eider (<i>Somateria fischeri</i>) has remained largely undocumented. We identified migration corridors, staging and molting areas, and wintering areas of adult Spectacled Eiders using implanted satellite-transmitters in birds from each of the three extant breeding grounds (North Slope and Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in Alaska and arctic Russia). Based on transmitter locations, we conducted aerial surveys to provide visual confirmation of eider flocks and to estimate numbers of birds. We identified two principal molting and staging areas off coastal Alaska (Ledyard Bay and eastern Norton Sound) and two off coastal Russia (Mechigmenskiy Bay on the eastern Chukotka Peninsula, and the area between the Indigirka and Kolyma deltas in the Republic of Sakha). We estimated that &gt;10,000 birds molt and stage in monospecific flocks at Mechigmenskiy and Ledyard bays, and several thousand molt and stage in eastern Norton Sound. We further identified eastern Norton Sound as the principal molting and staging area for females nesting on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, and Ledyard Bay and Mechigmenskiy Bay as the principal molting and staging areas for females nesting on the North Slope. Males marked at all three breeding grounds molt and stage in Mechigmenskiy Bay, Ledyard Bay, and the Indigirka-Kolyma delta region. Males from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta molt and stage mainly at Mechigmenskiy Bay. Equal numbers of males from the North Slope molt and stage at all three areas, and most males from arctic Russia molt and stage at the Indigirka-Kolyma delta region. Postbreeding migration corridors were offshore in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas. In winter, eiders were in the Bering Sea south of St. Lawrence Island. Our estimates from surveys in late winter and early spring suggest that at least 333,000 birds winter in single-species flocks in the pack ice in the Bering Sea.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089681","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., Larned, W.W., and Douglas, D., 1999, At-sea distribution of Spectacled Eiders: A 120-year-old mystery resolved: The Auk, v. 116, no. 4, p. 1009-1020, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089681.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1009","endPage":"1020","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479626,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089681","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":486683,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9B091HG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tracking Data for Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri)"},{"id":230062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -210,\n              60\n            ],\n            [\n              -145,\n              60\n            ],\n            [\n              -145,\n              73\n            ],\n            [\n              -210,\n              73\n            ],\n            [\n              -210,\n              60\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee9ce4b0c8380cd49e6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larned, William W.","contributorId":75206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larned","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022088,"text":"70022088 - 1999 - Prediction of gas production using well logs, Cretaceous of north-central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022088","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of gas production using well logs, Cretaceous of north-central Montana","docAbstract":"Cretaceous gas sands underlie much of east-central Alberta and southern Saskatchewan, eastern Montana, western North Dakota, and parts of South Dakota and Wyoming. Estimates of recoverable biogenic methane from these rocks in the United States are as high as 91 TCF. In northern Montana, current production is localized around a few major structural features, while vast areas in between these structures are not being exploited. Although the potential for production exists, the lack of commercial development is due to three major factors: 1) the lack of pipeline infrastructure; 2) the lack of predictable and reliable rates of production; and 3) the difficulty in recognizing and selecting potentially productive gas-charged intervals. Unconventional (tight), continuous-type reservoirs, such as those in the Cretaceous of the northern Great Plains, are not well suited for conventional methods of formation evaluation. Pay zones frequently consist only of thinly laminated intervals of sandstone, silt, shale stringers, and disseminated clay. Potential producing intervals are commonly unrecognizable on well logs, and thus are overlooked. To aid in the identification and selection of potential producing intervals, a calibration system is developed here that empirically links the 'gas effect' to gas production. The calibration system combines the effects of porosity, water saturation, and clay content into a single 'gas-production index' (GPI) that relates the in-situ rock with production potential. The fundamental method for isolating the gas effect for calibration is a crossplot of neutron porosity minus density porosity vs gamma-ray intensity. Well-log and gas-production data used for this study consist of 242 perforated intervals from 53 gas-producing wells. Interval depths range from about 250 to 2400 ft. Gas volumes in the peak calendar year of production range from about 4 to 136 MMCF. Nine producing formations are represented. Producing-interval data show that porosity and gas production are closely linked to clay volume. Highest porosities and maximum gas production occur together at an intermediate clay content of about 12% (60 API). As clay volume exceeds 35% (130 API), minimum porosity required for production increases rapidly, and the number of potential producing intervals declines. Gas production from intervals where clay volume exceeds 50% is rare. Effective porosities of less than about 8% are probably inadequate for commercial gas production in these rocks regardless of clay content.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Hester, T., 1999, Prediction of gas production using well logs, Cretaceous of north-central Montana: Mountain Geologist, v. 36, no. 2, p. 85-98.","startPage":"85","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81eee4b0c8380cd7b7e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hester, T.C.","contributorId":93054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hester","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022043,"text":"70022043 - 1999 - Late Quaternary slip rate and seismic hazards of the West Klamath Lake fault zone near Crater Lake, Oregon Cascades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T11:09:49","indexId":"70022043","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary slip rate and seismic hazards of the West Klamath Lake fault zone near Crater Lake, Oregon Cascades","docAbstract":"<p><span>Crater Lake caldera is at the north end of the Klamath graben, where this N10°W-trending major Basin and Range structure impinges upon the north-south–trending High Cascades volcanic arc. East-facing normal faults, typically 10–15 km long, form the West Klamath Lake fault zone, which bounds the graben on its west side. The fault zone terminates on the south near the epicentral area of the September 1993 Klamath Falls earthquakes. It continues north past Crater Lake as the Annie Spring fault, which is within ∼1 km of the west caldera rim, and Red Cone Spring fault. We have determined a long-term vertical slip rate of 0.3 mm/yr for these two faults using high-precision K-Ar and&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar age measurements on offset lava flows ranging in age from ca. 35 to 300 ka. Holocene offset reported by Hawkins et al. and epicenters of eight M</span><sub>W</sub><span>&nbsp;2 earthquakes in 1994 and 1995 indicate that the West Klamath Lake fault zone is active. Empirical relations between earthquake magnitudes and scarp heights or fault lengths suggest that the fault zone is capable of producing earthquakes as large as M</span><sub>W</sub><span>&nbsp;7¼. Earthquakes on these or other faults of the zone could trigger landslides and rockfalls from the walls of the caldera, possibly resulting in large waves on Crater Lake.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0043:LQSRAS>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C., Lanphere, M.A., and Champion, D., 1999, Late Quaternary slip rate and seismic hazards of the West Klamath Lake fault zone near Crater Lake, Oregon Cascades: Geology, v. 27, no. 1, p. 43-46, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0043:LQSRAS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4537e4b0c8380cd67123","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Champion, D.E.","contributorId":70402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022011,"text":"70022011 - 1999 - A Possible connection between the 1878 yellow fever epidemic in the southern United States and the 1877-78 El Niño episode","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-13T09:53:40","indexId":"70022011","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1112,"text":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","onlineIssn":"1520-0477","printIssn":"0003-0007","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Possible connection between the 1878 yellow fever epidemic in the southern United States and the 1877-78 El Niño episode","docAbstract":"<p>One of the most severe outbreaks of yellow fever, a viral disease transmitted by the <i>Aedes aegypti</i> mosquito, affected the southern United States in the summer of 1878. The economic and human toll was enormous, and the city of Memphis, Tennessee, was one of the most affected. The authors suggest that as a consequence of one of the strongest El Ni&ntilde;o episodes on record&mdash;that which occurred in 1877-78&mdash;exceptional climate anomalies occurred in the United States (as well as in many other parts of the world), which may have been partly responsible for the widespread nature and severity of the 1878 yellow fever outbreak.</p>\n<p class=\"last\">This study documents some of the extreme climate anomalies that were recorded in 1877 and 1878 in parts of the eastern United States, with particular emphasis on highlighting the evolution of these anomalies, as they might have contributed to the epidemic. Other years with major outbreaks of yellow fever in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries also occurred during the course of El Ni&ntilde;o episodes, a fact that appears not to have been noted before in the literature.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ameican Metrological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<0021:APCBTY>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00030007","usgsCitation":"Diaz, H.F., and McCabe, G., 1999, A Possible connection between the 1878 yellow fever epidemic in the southern United States and the 1877-78 El Niño episode: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 80, no. 1, p. 21-27, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<0021:APCBTY>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479460,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<0021:apcbty>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555475abe4b0a92fa7e94f47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diaz, Henry F.","contributorId":68476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":1453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022010,"text":"70022010 - 1999 - An autogamous rainforest species of <i>Schiedea</i> (Caryophyllaceae) from East Maui, Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:10:33","indexId":"70022010","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2904,"text":"Novon","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An autogamous rainforest species of <i>Schiedea</i> (Caryophyllaceae) from East Maui, Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"<p>A new autogamous species of <i>Schiedea</i> is described and illustrated. It is known only from cliff habitat in rainforest on a single ridge in the Natural Area Reserve, Hanawi, East Maui. With the addition of this species there are 28 species in this endemic Hawaiian genus. The new species appears to be most closely related to <i>Schiedea nuttallii</i>, a species of mesic habitats on O'ahu, Moloka'i, and Maui.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Missouri Botanical Garden Press","publisherLocation":"St. Louis, MO","doi":"10.2307/3391816","issn":"10553177","usgsCitation":"Wagner, W., Weller, S., Sakai, A., and Medeiros, A., 1999, An autogamous rainforest species of <i>Schiedea</i> (Caryophyllaceae) from East Maui, Hawaiian Islands: Novon, v. 9, no. 2, p. 284-287, https://doi.org/10.2307/3391816.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"284","endPage":"287","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479459,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/3045","text":"External Repository"},{"id":229196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"East Maui","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea1ee4b0c8380cd4864b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, W.L.","contributorId":18127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weller, S.G.","contributorId":37914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weller","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sakai, A.K.","contributorId":98059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakai","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Medeiros, A.C.","contributorId":19703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medeiros","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022005,"text":"70022005 - 1999 - Occurrence and transport of total mercury and methyl mercury in the Sacramento River Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:37:11","indexId":"70022005","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and transport of total mercury and methyl mercury in the Sacramento River Basin, California","docAbstract":"Mercury poses a water-quality problem for California's Sacramento River, a large river with a mean annual discharge of over 650 m3/s. This river discharges into the San Francisco Bay, and numerous fish species of the bay and river contain mercury levels high enough to affect human health if consumed. Two possible sources of mercury are the mercury mines in the Coast Ranges and the gold mines in the Sierra Nevada. Mercury was once mined in the Coast Ranges, west of the Sacramento River, and used to process gold in the Sierra Nevada, east of the river. The mineralogy of the Coast Ranges mercury deposits is mainly cinnabar (HgS), but elemental mercury was used to process gold in the Sierra Nevada. Residual mercury from mineral processing in the Sierra Nevada is mainly in elemental form or in association with oxide particles or organic matter and is biologically available. Recent bed-sediment sampling, at sites below large reservoirs, showed elevated levels of total mercury (median concentration 0.28 ??g/g) in every large river (the Feather, Yuba, Bear, and American rivers) draining the Sierra Nevada gold region. Monthly sampling for mercury in unfiltered water shows relatively low concentrations during the nonrainy season in samples collected throughout the Sacramento River Basin, but significantly higher concentrations following storm-water runoff. Measured concentrations, following storm-water runoff, frequently exceeded the state of California standards for the protection of aquatic life. Results from the first year of a 2-year program of sampling for methyl mercury in unfiltered water showed similar median concentrations (0.1 ng/l) at all sampling locations, but with apparent high seasonal concentrations measured during autumn and winter. Methyl mercury concentrations were not significantly higher in rice field runoff water, even though rice production involves the creation of seasonal wetlands: higher rates of methylation are known to occur in stagnant wetland environments that have high dissolved carbon.Mercury poses a water-quality problem for California's Sacramento River, a large river with a mean annual discharge of over 650 m3/s. This river discharges into the San Francisco Bay, and numerous fish species of the bay and river contain mercury levels high enough to affect human health if consumed. Two possible sources of mercury are the mercury mines in the Coast Ranges and the gold mines in the Sierra Nevada. Mercury was once mined in the Coast Ranges, west of the Sacramento River, and used to process gold in the Sierra Nevada east of the river. The mineralogy of the Coast Ranges mercury deposits is mainly cinnabar (HgS), but elemental mercury was used to process gold in the Sierra Nevada. Residual mercury from mineral processing in the Sierra Nevada is mainly in elemental form or in association with oxide particles or organic matter and is biologically available. Recent bed-sediment sampling, at sites below large reservoirs, showed elevated levels of total mercury (median concentration 0.28 ??g/g) in every large river (the Feather, Yuba, Bear, and American rivers) draining the Sierra Nevada gold region. Monthly sampling for mercury in unfiltered water shows relatively low concentrations during the nonrainy season in samples collected throughout the Sacramento River Basin, but significantly higher concentrations following storm-water runoff. Measured concentrations, following storm-water runoff, frequently exceeded the state of California standards for the protection of aquatic life. Results from the first year of a 2-year program of sampling for methyl mercury in unfiltered water showed similar median concentrations (0.1 ng/l) at all sampling locations, but with apparent high seasonal concentrations measured during autumn and winter. Methyl mercury concentrations were not significantly higher in rice field runoff water, even though rice production involves the creation of seasonal wetlands: higher rates of methylation a","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry ISEG. Pt 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"5 October 1997 through 10 October 1997","conferenceLocation":"Vail, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00038-7","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., 1999, Occurrence and transport of total mercury and methyl mercury in the Sacramento River Basin, California: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 64, no. 1-3 -3 pt 1, p. 277-291, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00038-7.","startPage":"277","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206242,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00038-7"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1-3 -3 pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b85e4b0c8380cd74749","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}