An assessment of groundwater/surface-water interactions along Ellerbe Creek, a major tributary to upper Falls Lake in Durham County, North Carolina, was conducted from July 2016 to March 2018 to determine if groundwater is a likely source of elevated nitrate input to the stream. Groundwater/surface-water interactions were characterized by synoptic streamflow measurements, groundwater-level monitoring, hydrograph-separation methods, and a continuous streambed temperature survey to aid in the collection and interpretation of water-quality data. A streamflow gain-loss survey identified gaining and losing reaches within the stream and found that surface-water inflow, including that from a treated wastewater outfall, provided much of the streamflow gain within the study reach. Through the use of two hydrograph-separation methods, base flow for the Ellerbe Creek study reach was estimated to be between 14.0 and 17.7 cubic feet per second during the study period, contributing up to 57 percent of mean streamflow, with the remaining contributions coming from surface runoff to the stream. The effluent discharge accounted for most of the estimated base-flow contribution to the stream below the North Durham Water Reclamation Facility outfall. Hydraulic gradients within the groundwater were determined to flow upward and toward the stream during base-flow conditions and reverse during storm events. Nitrate concentrations ranged from below the method detection level to 2.69 milligrams per liter, with the highest concentrations just downstream from the wastewater outfall. Bank seeps and groundwater samples had lower nitrate concentrations than surface-water samples, ranging from below the method detection level to 1.04 milligrams per liter, with the highest concentration at the piezometer within the stream. Results indicate that groundwater is not a large component of streamflow within Ellerbe Creek nor a major source of nitrate within the study reach.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195097","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Durham Public Works Department, Stormwater and GIS Services Division","usgsCitation":"Antolino, D.J., 2019, Groundwater/surface-water interactions along Ellerbe Creek in Durham, North Carolina, 2016–18: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5097, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195097.","productDescription":"viii, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-097853","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437312,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YFET78","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions in Ellerbe Creek in Durham, North Carolina, 2016-2018"},{"id":368078,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5b6630abe4b006a11f75221b","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions in Ellerbe Creek in Durham, North Carolina, 2016-2018"},{"id":368058,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5097/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":368059,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5097/sir20195097.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.08 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019-5097"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Durham County, Wake County","city":"Durham","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-78.8019,36.2361],[-78.8059,36.0928],[-78.8059,36.0878],[-78.7986,36.085],[-78.7957,36.0858],[-78.7923,36.0854],[-78.7919,36.0772],[-78.7879,36.0758],[-78.7852,36.0703],[-78.7749,36.0707],[-78.7498,36.0718],[-78.7088,36.0768],[-78.6895,36.0752],[-78.5922,36.0378],[-78.5465,36.0218],[-78.4307,35.9795],[-78.3969,35.9387],[-78.3567,35.9318],[-78.351,35.909],[-78.3385,35.9052],[-78.3347,35.8997],[-78.3302,35.896],[-78.3245,35.896],[-78.3177,35.8963],[-78.3137,35.8976],[-78.3081,35.8935],[-78.2948,35.8797],[-78.292,35.8792],[-78.2893,35.8741],[-78.2859,35.8713],[-78.2831,35.8681],[-78.2782,35.8631],[-78.2749,35.8567],[-78.2756,35.8494],[-78.2707,35.843],[-78.2657,35.8361],[-78.2652,35.8325],[-78.2613,35.8315],[-78.2591,35.826],[-78.2599,35.8183],[-78.3731,35.7523],[-78.4635,35.7072],[-78.4686,35.7087],[-78.4709,35.7078],[-78.4732,35.7046],[-78.4778,35.7011],[-78.5716,35.6255],[-78.708,35.5191],[-78.9196,35.5857],[-78.9956,35.6104],[-78.9796,35.6656],[-78.9439,35.7515],[-78.9421,35.756],[-78.9403,35.7615],[-78.9337,35.7859],[-78.9191,35.8216],[-78.9096,35.8506],[-78.9076,35.8678],[-78.9144,35.8674],[-78.9332,35.8667],[-78.9587,35.866],[-78.986,35.8644],[-78.9985,35.8641],[-79.011,35.8633],[-79.0161,35.8633],[-79.0142,35.8755],[-79.0124,35.886],[-78.9507,36.2393],[-78.8019,36.2361]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Durham\",\"state\":\"NC\"}}]}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Stephenson Center, Suite 129
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Do you ever wonder where your water comes from? If you live in Nassau or Suffolk County, the answer is, groundwater. Groundwater is water that started out as precipitation (rain and snow melt) and seeped into the ground. This seepage recharges the freshwater stored underground, in the spaces between the grains of sand and gravel in what are referred to as aquifers. Long Island has three primary aquifers—the upper glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd—which are part of the Long Island aquifer system. Currently [2019], this aquifer system contains about 50 trillion gallons of freshwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20193052","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J.P., and Breault, R., 2019, Water for Long Island—Now and for the future: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2019–3052, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193052.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-111757","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368088,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3052/fs20193052.pdf","text":"Report","size":"703 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2019-3052"},{"id":367575,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3052/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.0423583984375,\n 40.588928169693745\n ],\n [\n -73.9324951171875,\n 40.52423878069866\n ],\n [\n -73.39691162109375,\n 40.5930995321649\n ],\n [\n -73.2403564453125,\n 40.61186744303007\n ],\n [\n -72.872314453125,\n 40.70979201243495\n ],\n [\n -72.257080078125,\n 40.89482963261175\n ],\n [\n -71.8011474609375,\n 41.0565730874647\n ],\n [\n -72.2735595703125,\n 41.168316941075766\n ],\n [\n -72.66632080078125,\n 41.008920735004885\n ],\n [\n -73.2073974609375,\n 40.994410999439516\n ],\n [\n -73.212890625,\n 40.94048973170136\n ],\n [\n -73.41064453125,\n 40.97160353279909\n ],\n [\n -73.68255615234375,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -73.79241943359375,\n 40.79925662005228\n ],\n [\n -73.87138366699219,\n 40.79613778833378\n ],\n [\n -73.90159606933594,\n 40.79717741518766\n ],\n [\n -73.93867492675781,\n 40.7737818731648\n ],\n [\n -73.96614074707031,\n 40.73529128534676\n ],\n [\n -73.97420883178711,\n 40.709141393000124\n ],\n [\n -73.99944305419922,\n 40.70471701226026\n ],\n [\n -74.00733947753906,\n 40.692483371144434\n ],\n [\n -74.02399063110352,\n 40.67686269237614\n ],\n [\n -74.02090072631836,\n 40.662800951382906\n ],\n [\n -74.03841018676758,\n 40.643265836603\n ],\n [\n -74.04544830322264,\n 40.63089063912002\n ],\n [\n -74.04356002807617,\n 40.605742384748446\n ],\n [\n -74.0423583984375,\n 40.588928169693745\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
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The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Federal, State, and local agencies, maintains a long-term network of hydrologic monitoring stations in Kansas. In water year 2018, this network included 219 real-time streamgages. A water year is the 12-month period from October 1 through September 30 and is designated by the calendar year in which it ends. Real-time data are calibrated and validated by U.S. Geological Survey personnel throughout the year with regular measurements of streamflow, streamgage height, and lake levels. These data and accompanying analyses provide an overview of hydrologic conditions in Kansas and help advance the understanding of water resources in the State. Annual assessments of hydrologic conditions are made by comparing statistical analyses of current and past water year data for the period of record. Long-term monitoring of hydrologic conditions in Kansas provides imperative information for protecting human life and property, managing water supplies, forecasting floods, operating reservoirs, designing bridges and culverts, processing interstate and intrastate water rights claims, forecasting ecological conditions, and many other uses.
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U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
The Monte Blanco borate deposits are located along the southern margin of Death Valley’s Furnace Creek Wash, south of Twenty Mule Team Canyon road in California. Topographic and geologic mapping by S. Muessig and F.M. Byers, Jr., in 1954 documented these deposits’ geologic settings, geometries, mineralogies, and chemical characteristics. They estimated borate resources at the time to be in excess of 550,000 tons B2O3.
The borate bodies are composed of predominantly ulexite and colemanite. They lie beneath Monte Blanco itself and along a northwest-trending series of conspicuous, white hills and mounds formed by northeasterly dipping, fine-grained sedimentary beds and basaltic volcanic rocks of the Miocene and Pliocene Furnace Creek Formation.
Geologic data suggest that in Miocene and Pliocene time, fine-grained sediments, volcanic debris and flows, and volcanically associated, boron-rich fluids gradually filled a fairly flat playa-like environment. At times, thick beds of felty crystals of ulexite developed and were interlayered as lenses in a thick series of mudstones as is seen today at the Eagle Borax works. After burial, the exterior of the ulexite deposit was altered to massive colemanite by ground water, which produced the “shell” of colemanite that typically surrounds the presently outcropping ulexite bodies.
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Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
Menlo Park, California
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
In 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Iroquois River Conservancy District, deployed continuous water-quality monitors and began collecting representative discrete water-quality samples at the Iroquois River near Foresman, Indiana, streamflow-gaging station (U.S. Geological Survey station 05524500). By relating continuously monitored water-quality data and discrete water-quality samples collected from April 2015 through July 2018, regression models that estimate concentrations of suspended sediment, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were developed. Developed regression models indicated a strong correlation between turbidity and streamflow with suspended-sediment concentration (adjusted coefficient of determination equals 0.84, predicted residual error sum of squares equals 0.493), nitrate plus nitrite and streamflow with total nitrogen (adjusted coefficient of determination equals 0.99, predicted residual error sum of squares equals 0.0202), and specific conductance and turbidity with total phosphorus (adjusted coefficient of determination equals 0.84, predicted residual error sum of squares equals 0.0935).
Daily loads of suspended sediment, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were computed as the product of daily mean regression model concentrations and daily mean streamflow. During periods when regression model concentrations could not be computed, rloadest models, the R programming language version of the LOADEST FORTRAN program, were used to compute daily loads of each constituent. For 2016 and 2017, the estimated annual suspended-sediment loads were 25,000 and 32,100 tons; estimated total nitrogen loads were 4,260 and 5,780 tons; and estimated total phosphorus loads were 104 and 128 tons, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195087","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iroquois River Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Lathrop, T.R., Bunch, A.R., Downhour, M.S., and Perkins, D.M., 2019, Regression models for estimating sediment and nutrient concentrations and loads at the Iroquois River near Foresman, Indiana, March 2015 through July 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigation Report 2019–5087, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195087.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 14 p.; Data Releases","numberOfPages":"24","ipdsId":"IP-107470","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368030,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YCAELC","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Data and regression models for total nitrogen and total phosphorus for the Iroquois River near Foresman, Indiana, March 20, 2015, to July 19, 2018"},{"id":368029,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RFLONI","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Data and regression model for suspended sediment for Iroquois River near Foresman, Indiana, March 20, 2015, to July 19, 2018"},{"id":368028,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P91FL2GY","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Suspended sediment, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus loads for Iroquois River near Foresman, Indiana, April 2015 to July 2018"},{"id":368027,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5087/sir20195087.pdf","text":"Report","size":"855 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019–5087"},{"id":368026,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5087/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Newton County","city":"Foresman","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-87.5263,41.1661],[-87.4801,41.1701],[-87.4587,41.1702],[-87.4484,41.1744],[-87.4466,41.174],[-87.4411,41.1731],[-87.4147,41.1619],[-87.4055,41.1625],[-87.4,41.1625],[-87.394,41.1625],[-87.38,41.1726],[-87.3448,41.1824],[-87.3405,41.1824],[-87.3313,41.1829],[-87.3241,41.1862],[-87.2859,41.2154],[-87.2762,41.2187],[-87.2757,41.1733],[-87.2754,41.0866],[-87.275,40.9991],[-87.2768,40.9405],[-87.2759,40.9133],[-87.268,40.9134],[-87.2664,40.8249],[-87.2655,40.7383],[-87.3807,40.738],[-87.4905,40.7381],[-87.5263,40.7378],[-87.5263,40.741],[-87.5265,40.839],[-87.5262,40.981],[-87.5262,40.9832],[-87.5265,41.0142],[-87.5264,41.1231],[-87.5263,41.1661]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Newton\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5957 Lakeside Boulevard
Indianapolis, IN 46278
Understanding how stream fishes respond to changes in habitat availability is complicated by low occurrence rates of many species, which in turn reduces the ability to quantify species–habitat relationships and account for imperfect detection in estimates of species richness. Multispecies occupancy models have been used sparingly in the analysis of fisheries data, but address the aforementioned deficiencies by allowing information to be shared among ecologically similar species, thereby enabling species–habitat relationships to be estimated for entire fish communities, including rare species. Here, we highlight the utility of hierarchical multispecies occupancy models for the analysis of fish community data and demonstrate the modeling framework on a stream fish community dataset collected in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, USA. In particular, we demonstrate the ability of the modeling framework to make inferences at the species-, guild-, and community-levels, thereby making it a powerful tool for understanding and predicting how environmental variables influence species occupancy probabilities and structure fish assemblages.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2019-0125","collaboration":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"White, S., Faulk, E., Tzilkowski, C., Weber, A., Marshall, M., and Wagner, T., 2019, Predicting fish species richness and habitat relationships using Bayesian hierarchical multispecies occupancy models: Canadian Journal Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 77, no. 3, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2019-0125.","productDescription":"9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-101955","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York New Jersey, Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.12451171875,\n 40.96330795307353\n ],\n [\n -74.15771484375,\n 40.96330795307353\n ],\n [\n -74.15771484375,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -75.12451171875,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -75.12451171875,\n 40.96330795307353\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"77","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Shannon","contributorId":264595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Shannon","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faulk, Evan","contributorId":264596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faulk","given":"Evan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tzilkowski, Caleb","contributorId":264597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tzilkowski","given":"Caleb","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weber, Andrew","contributorId":264598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marshall, Matt","contributorId":264599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70205712,"text":"fs20193063 - 2019 - Streamflow—Water year 2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-02T16:56:52","indexId":"fs20193063","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-02T16:22:48","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-3063","displayTitle":"Streamflow—Water Year 2018","title":"Streamflow—Water year 2018","docAbstract":"The maps and graphs in this summary describe national streamflow conditions for water year 2018 (October 1, 2017, to September 30, 2018) in the context of streamflow ranks relative to the 89-year period of water years 1930–2018. The illustrations are based on observed data from the U.S. Geological Survey National Streamflow Network. Annual runoff in the Nation’s rivers and streams during water year 2018 was higher than the long-term (water years 1930–2018) mean annual runoff of 9.33 inches. Nationwide, the 2018 streamflow ranked 33d highest out of the 89 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20193063","usgsCitation":"Jian, X., Wolock, D.M., Brady, S.J., and Lins, H.F., 2019, Streamflow—Water year 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2019–3063, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193063.\n","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-109903","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367937,"rank":3,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System","description":"USGS Water Data for the Nation"},{"id":367936,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3063/fs20193063.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 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415 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
The U.S. Geological Survey collaborated with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Louisville District, on a synoptic study of water quality at Nolin River Lake during August 2016. The purpose of the study was to develop a better understanding of the potential for interaction between groundwater and surface water at Nolin River Lake, Kentucky. Groundwater can have properties that are measurably different from those in adjacent surface water, and inflows and outflows can be an important component of water quality and quantity. An improved understanding of potential interaction of groundwater and surface water at Nolin River Lake may be used to refine lake-management strategies. This study (1) compiled and interpreted existing information to characterize the hydrogeological setting and implications for potential interaction of groundwater and surface water in the Nolin River Lake watershed; (2) collected transects of onsite water-quality parameters using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) in areas with potential for interaction of groundwater and surface water, including five sites on Nolin River Lake and one site on the Nolin River; and (3) collected discrete water-quality and phytoplankton community data at the same six sites.
A review of existing hydrogeologic information did not indicate the presence of karst features adjacent to or beneath Nolin River Lake that would facilitate groundwater interaction with the reservoir. Observations leading to this conclusion include (1) limestone that is adjacent to the shoreline and perhaps beneath the lake, is overlain with siliciclastic rocks and fine-grained sediment that inhibits infiltration and development of karst features that encourage rapid groundwater flow; (2) the geologic deposits surrounding the reservoir are described as having limited or no potential for development of karst features, some exceptions may exist in tributary valleys; (3) very few karst features were mapped within 1 mile of the reservoir or in the area currently occupied by the reservoir; and (4) faults that intersect the reservoir but may not possess hydraulic properties that cause the faults to be conduits for groundwater flow. Groundwater interaction with reservoir tributaries is likely more common in areas of the watershed upstream from Nolin River Lake where karst hydrogeology is prevalent.
Results of water-quality surveys using an AUV from August 15 to 19, 2016, did not identify areas of anomalous values that might indicate groundwater inflows through preferential flow zones. Spatial distributions of water-quality parameters were generally uniform within each constant-depth layer. The constant-depth layers were selected to be above, within, and below the thermocline and ranged from the water surface to 25 feet. Surveys near the bottom of the reservoir that might have been more sensitive to groundwater inflows were not done because presurvey data were not available to indicate locations of obstacles that could ensnare the AUV. Water-quality data collected with the AUV did identify water-quality anomalies where stream tributaries were discharging to the reservoir.
The discrete water-quality samples indicated uniformity among the five reservoir sites. The riverine site that is immediately upstream from Nolin River Lake, however, had some unique water-quality characteristics relative to sites on the reservoir. The highest concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen (0.145 milligrams per liter [mg/L]), total phosphorous (0.07 mg/L), chlorophyll a (36.1 micrograms per liter), and pheophytin a (10.2 micrograms per liter) were measured at the Nolin River Lake riverine site (site 2NRR20034). The concentrations of nutrients and chlorophyll a at the riverine site did exceed the 25th percentile of median concentrations measured by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) at other lakes and reservoirs in EPA level IV ecoregion 71a. Concentrations of most nutrients and chlorophyll a at the five reservoir sites also exceeded the 25th percentile of median concentrations in EPA level IV ecoregion 72h. The exception was the concentrations of total phosphorus as phosphorus at the reservoir sites that were at or below the 25th percentile of median concentrations measured by EPA (0.03 mg/L). Concentrations of orthophosphate as phosphorus were less than the method detection limit of 0.004 mg/L at all sites. The phytoplankton community in Nolin River Lake was almost exclusively (greater than 90 percent of total phytoplankton abundance) cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae. A species of Cylindrospermopsis dominated the cyanobacterial community at the five reservoir sites, while Chroococcus microscopicus was most abundant at the riverine site. Cyanobacterial cell densities ranged from 10,000 to 198,067,460 cells per liter in five areas in the reservoir and from 4,800 to 73,751,253 cells per liter at the riverine site.
Multiple potential sources of water to Nolin River Lake include direct precipitation, overland flow, interflow, groundwater, and surface water. Understanding the exact contribution of each of these components to the water budget at Nolin River Lake may help the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers manage the water quality, water quantity, and biological communities in the reservoir. Additional hydrogeologic and water-quality data that builds on the results of this study may refine the inferences of this study; for example, deeper AUV surveys that target the largest fault zones might further the understanding of the potential for groundwater flow through those features. A complete understanding of the reservoir hydrology, however, may require the use of scientific methods intended for water bodies as large as Nolin River Lake, such as aerial infrared photography and imagery; water mass, chemical, and isotopic balance studies; geophysical measurements; and numerical simulations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195075","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Louisville District","usgsCitation":"Crain, A.S., Boldt, J.A., Bayless, E.R., Bunch, A.R., Young, J.L., Thomason, J.C., and Wolf, Z.L., 2019, Potential interaction of groundwater and surface water including autonomous underwater vehicle reconnaissance at Nolin River Lake, Kentucky, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5075, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195075.\n","productDescription":"Report: vi, 36 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-085091","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367882,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5075/sir20195075.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019–5075"},{"id":367881,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5075/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":367883,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F798857D","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Water-Quality Datasets from Synoptic Surveys in Nolin River Lake, Kentucky, using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, Discrete Sampling, and Depth Profiles, August 2016"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Nolin River Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.28387451171875,\n 37.25929865437848\n ],\n [\n -86.0504150390625,\n 37.25929865437848\n ],\n [\n -86.0504150390625,\n 37.40780092202727\n ],\n [\n -86.28387451171875,\n 37.40780092202727\n ],\n [\n -86.28387451171875,\n 37.25929865437848\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
9818 Bluegrass Parkway
Louisville, KY 40299–1906
Coastal droughts have a different dynamic than upland droughts, which are typically characterized by agricultural, hydrologic, meteorological, and (or) socioeconomic effects. Drought uniquely affects coastal ecosystems because of changes in the salinity conditions of estuarine creeks and rivers. The location of the freshwater-saltwater interface in surface-water bodies is an important factor in the ecological and socioeconomic dynamics of coastal communities. To address the data and information gap for characterizing coastal drought, the Coastal Salinity Index (CSI) was developed by using salinity data. The CSI uses a computational approach similar to the Standardized Precipitation Index. The CSI can be computed for unique time intervals (for example 1-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month intervals) to characterize short- and long-term drought (saline) conditions, as well as wet (high freshwater inflow) conditions.
To encourage the use of the CSI in current and future research endeavors, this investigation addressed three activities to enhance the use and application of the CSI. First, a software package was developed for the consistent computation of the CSI that includes preprocessing of salinity data, filling missing data, computing the CSI, post-processing, and generating the supporting metadata. This software package is available for download from the U.S. Geological Survey GitLab repository. Second, the CSI has been computed at sites along the southeastern Atlantic coast (Florida to North Carolina) and the Gulf of Mexico (Texas to Florida) to increase the opportunity for linking the CSI to ecological response data. Third, using telemetered salinity data, the real-time computation of the CSI has been prototyped and disseminated on the web.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191090","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Integrated Drought Information System","usgsCitation":"Petkewich, M.D., Lackstrom, K., McCloskey, B.J., Rouen, L.F, and Conrads, P.A., 2019, Coastal Salinity Index along the southeastern Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Mexico, 1983 to 2018 (ver. 1.1, April 2023): U.S. Geological Survey\nOpen-File Report 2019–1090, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191090.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 26 p.; Appendix; Data Release","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-105920","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499716,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109078.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415336,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1090/versionHist.txt","size":"1 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":415335,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1090/ofr20191090_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"1.68 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1090 Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"—Coastal Salinity Index User Guide"},{"id":415334,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1090/ofr20191090.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.08 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1090"},{"id":367860,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1090/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":367858,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MQLNL2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Coastal Salinity Index for Monitoring Drought"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico Coast, South Atlantic Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.5439453125,\n 17.45547257997284\n ],\n [\n -65.21484375,\n 17.45547257997284\n ],\n [\n -65.21484375,\n 18.95824648598139\n ],\n [\n -67.5439453125,\n 18.95824648598139\n ],\n [\n -67.5439453125,\n 17.45547257997284\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.61328125,\n 24.487148563173424\n ],\n [\n -75.0146484375,\n 24.487148563173424\n ],\n [\n -75.0146484375,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -98.61328125,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -98.61328125,\n 24.487148563173424\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: October 1, 2019; Version 1.1: April 6, 2023","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
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Numerical models for predicting sediment concentrations and transport rely on parameters such as settling velocity and bed erodibility that describe sediment characteristics, yet these parameters are rarely probed directly. We investigated temporal and spatial variation in sediment parameters in the shallows of San Pablo Bay, CA. Flow, turbulence, and suspended sediment data were measured at sites located at 1 and 2 m below mean lower low water (MLLW) from November 2013 through April 2015, supplemented by monthlong periods in 2011, 2012, and 2016. Maximum current velocities were 0.40–0.47 m s-1 at these depths; the strongest currents decreased to 0.27–0.34 m s-1 during neap periods. Winters 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 experienced strong drought conditions, limiting the potential for seasonal impact on sediment conditions during this experiment. Despite this, the more storm‐influenced site showed clear changes during the winter: the roughness parameter decreased from 10−4 to 10−5 m, from hydrodynamically rough to smooth conditions, and bed erodibility increased by an order of magnitude. Median settling velocity was 2.05·10−4 m s-1; it varied twofold within a tidal cycle, decreasing as current velocity grew during flood and ebb. This tidal control on floc size affected settling velocity on the spring‐neap timescale, possibly driving a spring‐neap oscillation in erodibility. Our findings highlight variation in sediment dynamics that is commonly ignored in numerical models and the need for field observations to ground truth ongoing modeling efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2018JC014825","usgsCitation":"Allen, R., Lacy, J.R., Stacey, M.T., and Variano, E.A., 2019, Seasonal, spring-neap, and tidal variation in cohesive sediment transport parameters in estuarine shallows: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, v. 124, no. 11, p. 7265-7284, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014825.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"7265","endPage":"7284","ipdsId":"IP-103807","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369464,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Pablo Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.57858276367186,\n 37.95827503526034\n ],\n [\n -122.23251342773438,\n 37.95827503526034\n ],\n [\n -122.23251342773438,\n 38.16479533621134\n ],\n [\n -122.57858276367186,\n 38.16479533621134\n ],\n [\n -122.57858276367186,\n 37.95827503526034\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"124","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Rachel 0000-0002-0287-6466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0287-6466","contributorId":216002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Rachel","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacy, Jessica R. 0000-0002-2797-6172","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-6172","contributorId":201703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stacey, Mark T. 0000-0002-0952-2812","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0952-2812","contributorId":220770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stacey","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Variano, Evan A 0000-0001-5102-238X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-238X","contributorId":216003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Variano","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70206775,"text":"70206775 - 2019 - Permeability anisotropy and relative permeability in sediments from the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02, offshore India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T10:48:55","indexId":"70206775","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T10:44:30","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2382,"text":"Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permeability anisotropy and relative permeability in sediments from the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02, offshore India","docAbstract":"Gas and water permeability through hydrate-bearing sediments essentially governs the economic feasibility of gas production from gas hydrate deposits. Characterizing a reservoir’s permeability can be difficult because even collocated permeability measurements can vary by 4-5 orders of magnitude, due partly to differences between how various testing methods inherently measure permeability in different directions and at different scales. This study uses a customized flow anisotropy cell to investigate geomechanical and hydrological properties of hydrate-bearing sediments focusing on permeability anisotropy (i.e., horizontal, kh, to vertical, kv, permeability ratio) and relative permeability. Two cores recovered during India’s National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 (NGHP-02) are tested in this study. Near in situ effective vertical stress, ~ 2MPa, the permeability anisotropy is approximately kh/kv = 1.86 for the “seal core” (from a fine-grained non-reservoir overburden sedimentary section) and kh/kv = 4.24 for the gas hydrate reservoir score with tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate saturation Sh = 0.8. Permeability anisotropy increases exponentially with effective vertical stress, as described by kh/kv = α(σv/MPa)^β, with α = 1.6, β = 0.22 for seal sediment and α = 3, β = 0.5 for THF hydrate-bearing sediment. Results imply the measured permeability from permeameter tests with vertical flow may underestimate the reservoir’s flow performance, which is mainly horizontal (radial) toward a vertical well. Hydrates in sediment increase the gas-entry pressure and residual water saturation, but decrease the water retention curve’s shape factor (m), resulting in a steeper curve. Distributions of available pore space sizes for flow in sediment with and without THF hydrate (Sh = 0.8) follow a log-normal distribution. Hydrate formation decreases the apparent mean pore size from ~10 µm to ~2 µm, without evidently changing the pore size distribution's standard deviation. Gas hydrate dissociation increases effective permeability and relative permeability to gas.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.08.016","usgsCitation":"Dai, S., Kim, J., Xu, Y., Waite, W., Jang, J., Yoneda, J., Collett, T.S., and Kumar, P., 2019, Permeability anisotropy and relative permeability in sediments from the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02, offshore India: Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 108, p. 705-713, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.08.016.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"705","endPage":"713","ipdsId":"IP-096021","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dai, Sheng","contributorId":213194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dai","given":"Sheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38715,"text":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, J.","contributorId":9813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xu, Yue","contributorId":220833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Yue","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jang, Junbong 0000-0001-5500-7558 jjang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5500-7558","contributorId":189400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jang","given":"Junbong","email":"jjang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yoneda, J.","contributorId":195813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yoneda","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kumar, Pushpendra","contributorId":54886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"Pushpendra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70206779,"text":"70206779 - 2019 - Physical property characteristics of gas hydrate-bearing reservoir and associated seal sediments collected during NGHP-02 in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, in the offshore of India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T10:31:18","indexId":"70206779","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T10:28:31","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical property characteristics of gas hydrate-bearing reservoir and associated seal sediments collected during NGHP-02 in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, in the offshore of India","docAbstract":"India’s National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 (NGHP-02), was conducted to better understand geologic controls on gas hydrate occurrence and morphology, targeting potentially coarse-grained sediments near the base of the continental slope offshore eastern India. This study combines seismic, logging-while-drilling data, and a petroleum systems approach to provide a regional geologic context for the core- and grain-scale analyses. This multi-scale approach provides insight on the gas hydrate distribution, morphology and anticipated system response to depressurization-induced methane extraction. The study area, NGHP-02 Area B in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, contains a buried anticline/syncline structure that hosts fracture-filling gas hydrate in fine-grained sediment overlying coarser sediments with pore-occupying gas hydrate. Core- and grain-scale measurements show fine-grained sediment exerts a primary control on the distribution and morphology of gas hydrate in Area B. Diatoms in the fine-grained overburden cause porosity to increase with depth, reaching ~70% at the underlying reservoir contact. High porosity, combined with near-vertical faults, suggests the overlying sediment is an imperfect seal. This allows methane to escape the gas hydrate reservoir sediments and form primarily grain-displacing gas hydrate veins in the fine-grained overburden. Within the reservoir, fine-grained layers are interbedded with coarser-grained gas hydrate reservoir sands. Even in the reservoir sands, however, a soil classification study shows the fines content is high enough to control hydraulic and mechanical properties, such as permeability, compressibility and shear strength. Fluid motion during methane extraction from gas hydrates can mobilize those fines, which can then clog pore throats, limiting production rates. Pore-water freshening during gas hydrate dissociation can increase fines mobilization, particularly given the smectite identified in the fine-grained interbeds. Accounting for fines content and specific fines mineralogy throughout the gas hydrate petroleum system is important for predicting production efficiency from gas hydrate occurrences along the crest of the anticline in NGHP-02 Area B.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.09.027","usgsCitation":"Jang, J., Waite, W., Stern, L.A., Collett, T.S., and Kumar, P., 2019, Physical property characteristics of gas hydrate-bearing reservoir and associated seal sediments collected during NGHP-02 in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, in the offshore of India: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 108, p. 249-271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.09.027.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"271","ipdsId":"IP-097105","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jang, Junbong 0000-0001-5500-7558 jjang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5500-7558","contributorId":189400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jang","given":"Junbong","email":"jjang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology 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Predicting whether a gas hydrate reservoir is viable as an energy resource requires enhanced understanding of the reservoir’s compressibility and susceptibility to particle crushing in response to elevated effective stress because of their impact on the long-term permeability and geomechanical stability of the reservoir. This study investigates physical and geomechanical properties of natural sediments with and without tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate subjected to high effective stresses of up to 25 MPa. Experimental results show the stiffness of hydrate-free sediments is mainly governed by the stress state and history, while the stiffness of hydrate-bearing sediments reflects both the grain supporting nature of the interconnected hydrate phase and stress effects. The Poisson’s ratio of hydrate-bearing sediments at low stresses is dominated by the Poisson’s ratio of the interconnected pore-filling phases, and dominated at high stresses by elastic properties of both the skeleton and pore-filling phases. The stress-void ratio responses of hydrate-bearing sediments above the pre-consolidation stress yields a slightly convex-downward trend, suggesting compressibility is influenced by the stiffness of THF hydrate and sediment grains rather than only by void space reduction. The shape of the compression index (Cc) trend may be attributed to an increasing effective gas hydrate saturation as the total pore volume decreases under loading. The results also show that the presence of THF hydrate in sediments can mitigate particle crushing by suppressing particle rearrangement and supporting a portion of the load that would otherwise have to be carried by the sediment. Therefore, the loss of hydrate crystals during gas production may exacerbate sand crushing.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.07.012","usgsCitation":"Kim, J., Dai, S., Jang, J., Waite, W., Collett, T.S., and Kumar, P., 2019, Compressibility and particle crushing of Krishna-Godavari Basin sediments from offshore India: Implications for gas production from deep-water gas hydrate deposits: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 108, p. 697-704, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.07.012.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"697","endPage":"704","ipdsId":"IP-096027","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.07.012","text":"Publisher Index 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, J.","contributorId":9813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dai, Sheng","contributorId":213194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dai","given":"Sheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38715,"text":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jang, Junbong 0000-0001-5500-7558 jjang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5500-7558","contributorId":189400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jang","given":"Junbong","email":"jjang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science 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Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using oblique imagery to measure hypsometric changes in sandbar volume following controlled floods in the Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"Measuring changes in the elevation distribution of sub-aerial fine (< 2 mm ) sediment and estimating sandbar volume multiple times per year can improve sediment budget calculations in fluvial systems. In the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, effects of dam operations on sandbar size and distribution is of long-term management interest. Bar-building controlled floods have been implemented in 1996, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2018 to mitigate sandbar erosion. Annual topographic surveys provide a single measurement of sandbar change caused by the integrated effects of all flows in one year (both controlled floods and normal dam releases), but do not measure erosion and deposition caused by specific operations or individual floods. On one sandbar monitoring site in Grand Canyon, we demonstrate that imagery from autonomous digital cameras can be used to provide quantitative measures of sandbar hypsometry several times per year without costly and labor-intensive surveys. We describe methods for measuring changes in the storage of fine sediment at monthly or seasonal timescales by constructing hypsometric (area-elevation relation) curves. These curves are created and updated with sandbar area measurements from georectified images taken multiple times each day. As the water surface elevation fluctuates with daily, seasonal, and monthly discharge patterns, sandbar area and volume can be estimated using known stage-discharge relationships. We present parameters extracted from image-derived hypsometries to estimate sandbar volume and elevation relief ratio, which provides a new way to quantitatively measure monthly or seasonal changes in fine sediment storage.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SEDHYD 2019","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"SEDHYD 2019 Conference","conferenceDate":"June 24-28, 2019","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference (FISC) and Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference (FIHMC)","usgsCitation":"Lima, R., Buscombe, D.D., Sankey, T.T., Grams, P.E., and Mueller, E., 2019, Using oblique imagery to measure hypsometric changes in sandbar volume following controlled floods in the Grand Canyon, in Proceedings of SEDHYD 2019, v. 5, Reno, NV, June 24-28, 2019, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-104887","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385035,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sedhyd.org/2019/#sedhyd-2019-proceedings"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.0106201171875,\n 35.68853320738875\n ],\n [\n -111.37390136718749,\n 35.68853320738875\n ],\n [\n -111.37390136718749,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -114.0106201171875,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -114.0106201171875,\n 35.68853320738875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lima, Ryan","contributorId":257397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lima","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buscombe, Daniel D. 0000-0001-6217-5584","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-5584","contributorId":198817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buscombe","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sankey, Temuulen T.","contributorId":173297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sankey","given":"Temuulen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7202,"text":"NAU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":216115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mueller, Erich R. 0000-0001-8202-154X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-154X","contributorId":207750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueller","given":"Erich R.","affiliations":[{"id":37626,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70206321,"text":"70206321 - 2019 - Environmental DNA (eDNA) detection of nonnative bullseye snakehead in southern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-31T11:03:57","indexId":"70206321","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T08:29:11","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) detection of nonnative bullseye snakehead in southern Florida","docAbstract":"Bullseye Snakehead Channa marulius (Hamilton 1822) was first detected in the southern Florida town of Tamarac in 2000 and has been expanding its geographic range since. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is a newly-developed technique used to noninvasively detect cryptic or low-density species or those that are logistically difficult-to-study. Genetic \nmaterial shed into the environment through tissue and body fluids is concentrated from water samples and analyzed for the presence of target species eDNA. To help delineate Bullseye Snakehead’s geographic range, we developed and validated a species-specific eDNA assay for both quantitative and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). We then used ddPCR to assess 16 locations in southeast Florida using 222 water samples collected from 2015 to 2018. Positive eDNA detections were obtained at all six locations that were within the known geographic range of Bullseye Snakehead. Furthermore, eDNA was detected in six of 10 locations that were previously thought to be outside the periphery of the range but hydrologically connected through the extensive canal system. Over the four years of sampling, estimated occurrence rates (ψ) remained stable and relatively high (ψ = 0.67 [95% credible interval (CI) 0.33–0.95]) near Tamarac, Florida, as compared to the most southern sampling locations (ψ = 0.0–0.37). Bulls-\neye Snakehead eDNA estimated occurrence rates in the middle region increased between 2016 (0.28 [95% CI 0.03–0.94]) and 2017 (0.66 [95% CI 0.24–0.98]), potentially reflecting eDNA detections related to a growing or expanding population. Bullseye Snakehead eDNA was detected at low concentrations on the northern and eastern borders of Everglades National Park, which is an important conservation area and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Despite extensive sampling via electrofishing, no Bullseye Snakehead were visually detected in several locations that yielded positive eDNA samples. It is unclear whether eDNA was transported through flowing water or another vector. To date, collection records for this species are confined to urban canals; however, Bullseye Snakehead may use the interconnected system of canals to disperse to natural conservation areas such as Everglades National Park, Big Cypress National Preserve, and Water Conservation Areas, where it may impact native species via predation and competition.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the first international snakehead symposium, American Fisheries Society symposium 89","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Hunter, M., Schofield, P., Meigs-Friend, G., Brown, M., and Ferrante, J., 2019, Environmental DNA (eDNA) detection of nonnative bullseye snakehead in southern Florida, in Proceedings of the first international snakehead symposium, American Fisheries Society symposium 89, v. 89, p. 115-135.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"135","ipdsId":"IP-106272","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368738,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/afs-symposia/54089c/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Southern Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 24.206889622398023\n ],\n [\n -79.9365234375,\n 24.206889622398023\n ],\n [\n -79.9365234375,\n 27.994401411046148\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 27.994401411046148\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 24.206889622398023\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"89","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, Margaret 0000-0002-4760-9302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-9302","contributorId":214739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schofield, Pam 0000-0002-8752-2797","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":204138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Pam","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meigs-Friend, Gaia 0000-0001-5181-7510","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5181-7510","contributorId":214957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meigs-Friend","given":"Gaia","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Mary 0000-0002-5580-137X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5580-137X","contributorId":204330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Mary","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferrante, Jason 0000-0003-3453-4636","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3453-4636","contributorId":214950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrante","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70206800,"text":"70206800 - 2019 - Formation pressure and fluid flow measurements in marine gas hydrate reservoirs, NGHP-02 expedition, offshore India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T08:28:35","indexId":"70206800","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T08:26:04","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2382,"text":"Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation pressure and fluid flow measurements in marine gas hydrate reservoirs, NGHP-02 expedition, offshore India","docAbstract":"Open Hole Modular Dynamic Testing (MDT) measurements were conducted in a gas hydrate-bearing sand-rich reservoir offshore India during the National Gas Hydrate Program 02 (NGHP-02) Expedition. The primary goal of this test was to obtain effective reservoir petrophysical properties in the presence of gas hydrates. The test plan included a series of pre-hydrate dissociation flow and build-up (shut-in) tests, and an attempt to dissociate gas hydrate in a sand-rich reservoir by depressurization to collect formation fluid samples and to further characterize in situ gas hydrate stability conditions. Schlumberger’s wireline MDT tool was used in a dual-packer configuration to isolate the formation being tested.\n\nThis paper presents the results of the open hole MDT measurements that were conducted in Hole NGHP-02-23-C in Krishna-Godavari Basin at a water depth of 2553.5 m. The MDT dual packer test was conducted in 27 cm (10.63 in) diameter open hole section of the borehole within a 1-m interval isolated between two inflatable packers with the midpoint of the test interval at 2853.0 meter below rig floor (mbrf) (271.0 meter below sea floor (mbsf)). This was the first gas hydrate MDT test ever conducted in ultradeep water to characterize a gas hydrate reservoir system. Pre-hydrate dissociation testing was performed with a drawdown period (depressurization) of 20 minutes followed by a build-up (shut-in) of 20 minutes. The measured formation pressure was 4090.7 psia and the formation fluid (i.e., water) mobility was calculated at 1.98 mD/cP. During the second dissociation phase of the same test a maximum pressure drawdown of 840 psia was achieved; however, falling short of the 1120 psia drawdown required for dissociation. During the dissociation test the flow line pressure stabilized at a flowing pressure of 3250 psia which can be attributed to the relatively high mobility of the free water phase in the hydrate-bearing reservoir. Good quality formation pressure and near well bore mobility data was acquired that yielded a “high confidence” reservoir effective radial permeability-thickness product of 0.2 mD.m (or a horizontal effective permeability of 0.1 mD assuming a reservoir thicknees of 1.8 m) using pressure transient analysis (radial flow regime was achieved) despite unstable borehole conditions and complex operations in these shallow unconsolidated sedimentary sections.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.11.035","usgsCitation":"Kumar, P., Collett, T.S., Yadav, U., and Singh, J., 2019, Formation pressure and fluid flow measurements in marine gas hydrate reservoirs, NGHP-02 expedition, offshore India: Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 108, p. 609-618, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.11.035.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"609","endPage":"618","ipdsId":"IP-103515","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1636237","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":369450,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[77.83745,35.49401],[78.91227,34.32194],[78.81109,33.5062],[79.20889,32.99439],[79.17613,32.48378],[78.45845,32.61816],[78.73889,31.51591],[79.72137,30.88271],[81.11126,30.18348],[80.47672,29.72987],[80.08842,28.79447],[81.0572,28.4161],[81.99999,27.92548],[83.30425,27.36451],[84.67502,27.2349],[85.25178,26.7262],[86.02439,26.63098],[87.22747,26.3979],[88.06024,26.41462],[88.1748,26.81041],[88.04313,27.44582],[88.12044,27.87654],[88.73033,28.08686],[88.81425,27.29932],[88.83564,27.09897],[89.74453,26.7194],[90.37327,26.87572],[91.21751,26.80865],[92.03348,26.83831],[92.10371,27.45261],[91.69666,27.77174],[92.50312,27.89688],[93.41335,28.64063],[94.56599,29.27744],[95.4048,29.03172],[96.11768,29.4528],[96.58659,28.83098],[96.24883,28.41103],[97.32711,28.26158],[97.40256,27.88254],[97.05199,27.69906],[97.134,27.08377],[96.41937,27.26459],[95.12477,26.57357],[95.15515,26.00131],[94.60325,25.1625],[94.55266,24.67524],[94.10674,23.85074],[93.32519,24.07856],[93.28633,23.04366],[93.06029,22.70311],[93.16613,22.27846],[92.67272,22.04124],[92.14603,23.6275],[91.86993,23.62435],[91.70648,22.98526],[91.15896,23.50353],[91.46773,24.07264],[91.91509,24.13041],[92.3762,24.97669],[91.7996,25.14743],[90.87221,25.1326],[89.92069,25.26975],[89.83248,25.96508],[89.35509,26.01441],[88.56305,26.44653],[88.20979,25.76807],[88.93155,25.23869],[88.30637,24.86608],[88.08442,24.50166],[88.69994,24.23371],[88.52977,23.63114],[88.87631,22.87915],[89.03196,22.05571],[88.88877,21.69059],[88.2085,21.70317],[86.9757,21.49556],[87.03317,20.74331],[86.49935,20.15164],[85.06027,19.47858],[83.94101,18.30201],[83.18922,17.67122],[82.19279,17.01664],[82.19124,16.55666],[81.69272,16.31022],[80.792,15.95197],[80.3249,15.89918],[80.02507,15.13641],[80.23327,13.83577],[80.28629,13.00626],[79.86255,12.05622],[79.858,10.35728],[79.34051,10.30885],[78.88535,9.54614],[79.18972,9.21654],[78.27794,8.93305],[77.94117,8.25296],[77.5399,7.96553],[76.59298,8.89928],[76.13006,10.29963],[75.74647,11.30825],[75.3961,11.78125],[74.86482,12.74194],[74.61672,13.99258],[74.44386,14.61722],[73.5342,15.99065],[73.11991,17.92857],[72.82091,19.20823],[72.82448,20.4195],[72.63053,21.35601],[71.17527,20.75744],[70.47046,20.87733],[69.16413,22.0893],[69.64493,22.45077],[69.3496,22.84318],[68.17665,23.69197],[68.8426,24.35913],[71.04324,24.35652],[70.8447,25.2151],[70.28287,25.72223],[70.16893,26.49187],[69.51439,26.94097],[70.6165,27.9892],[71.77767,27.91318],[72.82375,28.96159],[73.45064,29.97641],[74.42138,30.97981],[74.40593,31.69264],[75.25864,32.27111],[74.45156,32.7649],[74.10429,33.44147],[73.74995,34.3177],[74.2402,34.74889],[75.75706,34.50492],[76.87172,34.65354],[77.83745,35.49401]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"India\"}}]}","volume":"108","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kumar, Pushpendra","contributorId":212239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumar","given":"Pushpendra","affiliations":[{"id":38465,"text":"Oil and Natural Gas Corp. Panvel, Navi Mumbai, India","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yadav, U.S.","contributorId":127763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yadav","given":"U.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7141,"text":"Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd, KDM Institute of Petroleum Exploration, India","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singh, Juli","contributorId":220817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singh","given":"Juli","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70206802,"text":"70206802 - 2019 - India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition-02: Operational and technical summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T08:25:02","indexId":"70206802","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T08:23:28","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2382,"text":"Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition-02: Operational and technical summary","docAbstract":"The India National Gas Hydrate Program is being steered by the government of India's Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG) with participation of Directorate General of Hydrocarbons (DGH), Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC), and the National Oil Companies and Research Institutes of India. The India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 (NGHP-01) established the presence of gas hydrate in the Krishna Godavari (KG) and Mahanadi Basins and in the offshore area of the Andaman Sea Basin. However, the gas hydrates discovered during NGHP-01 were mainly distributed as fracture-filling material in fine-grained clay-rich sediments. The India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 (NGHP-02) was carried out with an objective to discover gas hydrate in sand-rich sediment along the eastern offshore margin of India. ONGC planned and executed NGHP-02 on the behalf of the MoPNG.\n\nNGHP-02 started on March 3, 2015 and was completed on July 28, 2015 (total 147 days) using the Japanese scientific Drilling Vessel Chikyu (D/V Chikyu). During NGHP-02, 42 holes at 25 sites were drilled, cored, and/or surveyed with downhole logging tools. These sites were located in four areas along the eastern margin of India and formally named Area A (Mahanadi Basin, three sites), Area B (northern part of the KG-Basin, twelve sites), Area C (central part of the KG-Basin, six sites), and Area E (southern part to the KG-Basin, four sites). All 25 sites established during NGHP-02 were first drilled and logged with logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools and an additional 17 holes were then drilled and/or cored with conventional coring tools (HPCS/ESCS) or pressure coring tools (PCTB). Wireline logging was conducted in 10 holes and formation tests using a dual packer Modular Formation Dynamics Tester (MDT) tool were carried out in two holes.\n\nThe onboard science team used the laboratory facilities on the D/V Chikyu to examine and analyse the physical properties, geochemistry, and sedimentology of all the cores collected during the expedition. Core samples were also analysed in additional post-expedition shore-based studies conducted in numerous domestic and international gas hydrate research laboratories. The NGHP-02 sediment cores were archived at the National Gas Hydrate Core Repository in Mumbai (India), which is associated with the ONGC Gas Hydrate Research and Technology Centre (GHRTC). The necessary data for characterizing the occurrence of gas hydrate, such as interstitial water chlorinities, core-derived gas chemistry, physical and sedimentological properties, thermal images of the recovered cores, pressure core and downhole measured logging data (LWD and/or conventional wireline log data), were obtained from most of the drill sites established during NGHP-02. Almost all the drill sites yielded evidence for the occurrence of gas hydrate; however, the inferred in situ concentration of gas hydrate varied substantially from site to site. For the most part, the interpretation of downhole logging data, core thermal images, interstitial water analyses, and pressure core images from the sites established during NGHP-02 indicate that the occurrence of concentrated gas hydrate is mostly associated with coarser grained (sand-rich) sediments. This paper presents the operational and technical summary of NGHP-02.\n\nNGHP-02 started on March 3, 2015 and was completed on July 28, 2015 (total 147 days) using the Japanese scientific Drilling Vessel Chikyu (D/V Chikyu). During NGHP-02, 42 holes at 25 sites were drilled, cored, and/or surveyed with downhole logging tools. These sites were located in four areas along the eastern margin of India and formally named Area A (Mahanadi Basin, three sites), Area B (northern part of the KG-Basin, twelve sites), Area C (central part of the KG-Basin, six sites), and Area E (southern part to the KG-Basin, four sites). All 25 sites established during NGHP-02 were first drilled and logged with logging-while-drilling (LWD) to","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.11.021","usgsCitation":"Kumar, P., Collett, T.S., K. M. Shukla, Yadav, U.S., Lall, M.V., and Krishna Vishwanath, 2019, India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition-02: Operational and technical summary: Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 108, p. 3-38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.11.021.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"38","ipdsId":"IP-103513","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1636323","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":369449,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[77.83745,35.49401],[78.91227,34.32194],[78.81109,33.5062],[79.20889,32.99439],[79.17613,32.48378],[78.45845,32.61816],[78.73889,31.51591],[79.72137,30.88271],[81.11126,30.18348],[80.47672,29.72987],[80.08842,28.79447],[81.0572,28.4161],[81.99999,27.92548],[83.30425,27.36451],[84.67502,27.2349],[85.25178,26.7262],[86.02439,26.63098],[87.22747,26.3979],[88.06024,26.41462],[88.1748,26.81041],[88.04313,27.44582],[88.12044,27.87654],[88.73033,28.08686],[88.81425,27.29932],[88.83564,27.09897],[89.74453,26.7194],[90.37327,26.87572],[91.21751,26.80865],[92.03348,26.83831],[92.10371,27.45261],[91.69666,27.77174],[92.50312,27.89688],[93.41335,28.64063],[94.56599,29.27744],[95.4048,29.03172],[96.11768,29.4528],[96.58659,28.83098],[96.24883,28.41103],[97.32711,28.26158],[97.40256,27.88254],[97.05199,27.69906],[97.134,27.08377],[96.41937,27.26459],[95.12477,26.57357],[95.15515,26.00131],[94.60325,25.1625],[94.55266,24.67524],[94.10674,23.85074],[93.32519,24.07856],[93.28633,23.04366],[93.06029,22.70311],[93.16613,22.27846],[92.67272,22.04124],[92.14603,23.6275],[91.86993,23.62435],[91.70648,22.98526],[91.15896,23.50353],[91.46773,24.07264],[91.91509,24.13041],[92.3762,24.97669],[91.7996,25.14743],[90.87221,25.1326],[89.92069,25.26975],[89.83248,25.96508],[89.35509,26.01441],[88.56305,26.44653],[88.20979,25.76807],[88.93155,25.23869],[88.30637,24.86608],[88.08442,24.50166],[88.69994,24.23371],[88.52977,23.63114],[88.87631,22.87915],[89.03196,22.05571],[88.88877,21.69059],[88.2085,21.70317],[86.9757,21.49556],[87.03317,20.74331],[86.49935,20.15164],[85.06027,19.47858],[83.94101,18.30201],[83.18922,17.67122],[82.19279,17.01664],[82.19124,16.55666],[81.69272,16.31022],[80.792,15.95197],[80.3249,15.89918],[80.02507,15.13641],[80.23327,13.83577],[80.28629,13.00626],[79.86255,12.05622],[79.858,10.35728],[79.34051,10.30885],[78.88535,9.54614],[79.18972,9.21654],[78.27794,8.93305],[77.94117,8.25296],[77.5399,7.96553],[76.59298,8.89928],[76.13006,10.29963],[75.74647,11.30825],[75.3961,11.78125],[74.86482,12.74194],[74.61672,13.99258],[74.44386,14.61722],[73.5342,15.99065],[73.11991,17.92857],[72.82091,19.20823],[72.82448,20.4195],[72.63053,21.35601],[71.17527,20.75744],[70.47046,20.87733],[69.16413,22.0893],[69.64493,22.45077],[69.3496,22.84318],[68.17665,23.69197],[68.8426,24.35913],[71.04324,24.35652],[70.8447,25.2151],[70.28287,25.72223],[70.16893,26.49187],[69.51439,26.94097],[70.6165,27.9892],[71.77767,27.91318],[72.82375,28.96159],[73.45064,29.97641],[74.42138,30.97981],[74.40593,31.69264],[75.25864,32.27111],[74.45156,32.7649],[74.10429,33.44147],[73.74995,34.3177],[74.2402,34.74889],[75.75706,34.50492],[76.87172,34.65354],[77.83745,35.49401]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"India\"}}]}","volume":"108","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kumar, Pushpendra","contributorId":220793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumar","given":"Pushpendra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40268,"text":"Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, India","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"K. 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Therefore, geological and geophysical data analysis and 3D seismic data interpretation along with associated seismic modeling were carried out in three areas of the Krishna-Godavari Basin: Areas B, C, and E. Conventional petroleum exploration approaches of seismic amplitude evaluation were adapted to prospect for potential sand-rich depositional systems within the gas hydrate stability zone. Subsequently, these prospective areas were further assessed through the geological and geophysical evaluation of depositional setting, gas sources, and gas migration pathways. In Area B, prospecting focused on a large anticlinal structure with a prominent bottom-simulating reflector and several key horizons that indicated evidence for potential sand-hosted hydrate occurrences. In Area C, the prospects were distributed throughout various settings within a very large deep-water channel-levee-fan system with complex indications of potential gas hydrate occurrence in sand-prone seismic facies. In Area E, prospects were associated with high amplitude events within inferred channel-levee sequences. Based on the pre-expedition/onboard drill-site evaluation, the 22 most promising sites in the Krishna-Godavari Basin were identified and prioritized to investigate and delineate a total of 17 identified gas hydrate prospects. This paper describes the geo-scientific studies carried out prior to NGHP-02 for site identification, evaluation and prioritization. An important outcome of this study is the identification of two potentially producible gas hydrate systems inferred to host significant quantity of gas hydrate in stratigraphic-structural traps.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.11.013","usgsCitation":"Shukla, K., U.S. Yadav, Kumar, P., Collett, T., Boswell, R., Frye, M., M. 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