Short-term climate and weather systems can have a strong influence on mountain snowmelt, sometimes overwhelming the effects of elevation and aspect. Although most years exhibit a spring onset that starts first at lowest and moves to highest elevations, in spring 2002, flow in a variety of streams within the Tuolumne and Merced River basins of the southern Sierra Nevada all rose synchronously on 29 March. Flow in streams draining small high-altitude glacial subcatchments rose at the same time as that draining much larger basins gauged at lower altitudes, and streams from north- and south-facing cirques rose and fell together. Historical analysis demonstrates that 2002 was one among only 8 yr with such synchronous flow onsets during the past 87 yr, recognized by having simultaneous onsets of snowmelt at over 70% of snow pillow sites, having discharge in over 70% of monitored streams increase simultaneously, and having temperatures increase over 12°C within a 5-day period. Synchronous springs tend to begin with a low pressure trough over California during late winter, followed by the onset of a strong ridge and unusually warm temperatures. Synchronous springs are characterized by warmer than average winters and cooler than average March temperatures in California. In the most elevation-dependent, nonsynchronous years, periods of little or no storm activity, with warmer than average March temperatures, precede the onset of spring snowmelt, allowing elevation and aspect to influence snowmelt as spring arrives gradually.
Imaging with acoustic and optical televiewers results in continuous and oriented 360° views of the borehole wall from which the character, relation, and orientation of lithologic and structural planar features can be defined for studies of fractured-rock aquifers. Fractures are more clearly defined under a wider range of conditions on acoustic images than on optical images including dark-colored rocks, cloudy borehole water, and coated borehole walls. However, optical images allow for the direct viewing of the character of and relation between lithology, fractures, foliation, and bedding. The most powerful approach is the combined application of acoustic and optical imaging with integrated interpretation. Imaging of the borehole wall provides information useful for the collection and interpretation of flowmeterand other geophysical logs, core samples, and hydraulic and water-quality data from packer testing and monitoring.
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry preprints","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 28-April 1, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Anaheim, California, United States","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","issn":"05693772","usgsCitation":"Rosenbauer, R., and Koksalan, T., 2004, Experimental multi-phase H2O-CO2 brine interactions at elevated temperature and pressure: Implications for CO2 sequestration in deep-saline aquifers, in ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry preprints, v. 49, no. 1, Anaheim, California, United States, March 28-April 1, 2004, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238302,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":412818,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubsapp.acs.org/cgi-bin/preprints/display?div=fuel&meet=227&page=4103.html"}],"volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0dd9e4b0c8380cd5320c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenbauer, R.","contributorId":10942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koksalan, T.","contributorId":22961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koksalan","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027543,"text":"70027543 - 2004 - The rotating movement of three immiscible fluids - A benchmark problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027543","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The rotating movement of three immiscible fluids - A benchmark problem","docAbstract":"A benchmark problem involving the rotating movement of three immiscible fluids is proposed for verifying the density-dependent flow component of groundwater flow codes. The problem consists of a two-dimensional strip in the vertical plane filled with three fluids of different densities separated by interfaces. Initially, the interfaces between the fluids make a 45??angle with the horizontal. Over time, the fluids rotate to the stable position whereby the interfaces are horizontal; all flow is caused by density differences. Two cases of the problem are presented, one resulting in a symmetric flow field and one resulting in an asymmetric flow field. An exact analytical solution for the initial flow field is presented by application of the vortex theory and complex variables. Numerical results are obtained using three variable-density groundwater flow codes (SWI, MOCDENS3D, and SEAWAT). Initial horizontal velocities of the interfaces, as simulated by the three codes, compare well with the exact solution. The three codes are used to simulate the positions of the interfaces at two times; the three codes produce nearly identical results. The agreement between the results is evidence that the specific rotational behavior predicted by the models is correct. It also shows that the proposed problem may be used to benchmark variable-density codes. It is concluded that the three models can be used to model accurately the movement of interfaces between immiscible fluids, and have little or no numerical dispersion. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.10.007","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Bakker, M., Oude, E.G., and Langevin, C., 2004, The rotating movement of three immiscible fluids - A benchmark problem: Journal of Hydrology, v. 287, no. 1-4, p. 270-278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.10.007.","startPage":"270","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211022,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.10.007"},{"id":238163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"287","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bafabe4b08c986b324974","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakker, M.","contributorId":82918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakker","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oude, Essink G.H.P.","contributorId":104280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oude","given":"Essink","email":"","middleInitial":"G.H.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027217,"text":"70027217 - 2004 - Deformation of quaternary strata and its relationship to crustal folds and faults, south-central Puget Lowland, Washington State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70027217","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation of quaternary strata and its relationship to crustal folds and faults, south-central Puget Lowland, Washington State","docAbstract":"Folded Quaternary deposits across the south-central Puget Lowland, an area just south of the Seattle fault that extends across the Seattle uplift and its boundary with the adjacent Tacoma basin, provide increased resolution of the character and rate of crustal deformation. They also constrain alternative, and partly incompatible, views of crustal structure previously suggested by geophysical investigations. Tectonic deformation has been progressive for at least the past few hundred thousand years: older sediments display greater deformation than the youngest exposed deposits in the study area. Strain rates across the Seattle uplift have probably been between 0.25 and 1.0 mm/yr during this period, accounting for ???10% of the total strain shortening of the western Washington crust. The Seattle uplift displays Quaternary deformation across its full north-south extent and has structural discontinuities at both its northern and southern boundaries. Previous workers have already established the faulted nature of its northern boundary; exposed Quaternary strata across its southern boundary display intense folding, the location of which generally corresponds to the projection of a \"Tacoma fault\" suggested by prior geophysical studies. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G20355.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Booth, D.B., Troost, K.G., and Hagstrum, J., 2004, Deformation of quaternary strata and its relationship to crustal folds and faults, south-central Puget Lowland, Washington State: Geology, v. 32, no. 6, p. 505-508, https://doi.org/10.1130/G20355.1.","startPage":"505","endPage":"508","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209177,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G20355.1"},{"id":235416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe4ae4b0c8380cd4ec46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Booth, D. B.","contributorId":42223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Booth","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troost, K. G.","contributorId":77244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troost","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hagstrum, J.T.","contributorId":75922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027501,"text":"70027501 - 2004 - EXAFS study of mercury(II) sorption to Fe- and Al-(hydr)oxides: I. Effects of pH","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027501","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2222,"text":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"EXAFS study of mercury(II) sorption to Fe- and Al-(hydr)oxides: I. Effects of pH","docAbstract":"The study of mercury sorption products in model systems using appropriate in situ molecular-scale probes can provide detailed information on the modes of sorption at mineral/water interfaces. Such studies are essential for assessing the influence of sorption processes on the transport of Hg in contaminated natural systems. Macroscopic uptake of Hg(II) on goethite (??-FeOOH), ??-alumina (??-Al2O3), and bayerite (??-Al(OH)3) as a function of pH has been combined with Hg L III-edge EXAFS spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and bond valence analysis of possible sorption products to provide this type of information. Macroscopic uptake measurements show that Hg(II) sorbs strongly to fine-grained powders of synthetic goethite (Hg sorption density ??=0.39-0.42 ??mol/m2) and bayerite (??=0.39-0.44 ??mol/m2), while sorbing more weakly to ??-alumina (??=0.04-0.13 ??mol/m 2). EXAFS spectroscopy on the sorption samples shows that the dominant mode of Hg sorption on these phases is as monodentate and bidentate inner-sphere complexes. The mode of Hg(II) sorption to goethite was similar over the pH range 4.3-7.4, as were those of Hg(II) sorption to bayerite over the pH range 5.1-7.9. Conversion of the ??-Al2O3 sorbent to a bayerite-like phase in addition to the apparent reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(I), possibly by photoreduction during EXAFS data collection, resulted in enhanced Hg uptake from pH 5.2-7.8 and changes in the modes of sorption that correlate with the formation of the bayerite-like phase. Bond valence calculations are consistent with the sorption modes proposed from EXAFS analysis. EXAFS analysis of Hg(II) sorption products on a natural Fe oxyhydroxide precipitate and Al/Si-bearing flocculent material showed sorption products and modes of surface attachment similar to those for the model substrates, indicating that the model substrates are useful surrogates for the natural sediments. ?? 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00330-8","issn":"00219797","usgsCitation":"Kim, C., Rytuba, J.J., and Brown, G.E., 2004, EXAFS study of mercury(II) sorption to Fe- and Al-(hydr)oxides: I. Effects of pH: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, v. 271, no. 1, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00330-8.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210928,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00330-8"},{"id":238016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"271","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a046be4b0c8380cd50992","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, C.S.","contributorId":54365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rytuba, J. J.","contributorId":83082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Gordon E. Jr.","contributorId":10166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Gordon","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027692,"text":"70027692 - 2004 - Glacial-interglacial organic carbon record from the Makassar Strait, Indonesia: Implications for regional changes in continental vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70027692","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacial-interglacial organic carbon record from the Makassar Strait, Indonesia: Implications for regional changes in continental vegetation","docAbstract":"Recent studies convincingly show that climate in the Western Pacific Warm Pool and other equatorial/tropical regions was significantly colder (by ???3-4??C) during glacial periods, prompting a reexamination of the late Pleistocene paleoenvironments of these regions. This study examines changes in continental vegetation during the last two deglaciations (Terminations I and II) using a sediment core (MD9821-62) recovered from the Makassar Strait, Indonesia. Evidence based on the lignin phenol ratios suggests that vegetation on Borneo and other surrounding islands did not significantly change from tropical rainforest during the last two glacial periods relative to subsequent interglacial periods. This supports the hypothesis that the winter monsoon increased in strength during glacial periods, allowing Indonesia to maintain high rainfall despite the cooler conditions. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.07.001","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Visser, K., Thunell, R., and Goni, M., 2004, Glacial-interglacial organic carbon record from the Makassar Strait, Indonesia: Implications for regional changes in continental vegetation: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 23, no. 1-2, p. 17-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.07.001.","startPage":"17","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211002,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.07.001"},{"id":238136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a290de4b0c8380cd5a63e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Visser, K.","contributorId":15397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Visser","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thunell, R.","contributorId":96836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thunell","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goni, M.A.","contributorId":32347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goni","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027265,"text":"70027265 - 2004 - Reaction rim growth on olivine in silicic melts: Implications for magma mixing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-15T10:53:15","indexId":"70027265","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reaction rim growth on olivine in silicic melts: Implications for magma mixing","docAbstract":"Finely crystalline amphibole or pyroxene rims that form during reaction between silicic host melt and cognate olivine xenocrysts, newly introduced during magma mixing events, can provide information about the timing between mixing and volcanic eruptions. We investigated rim growth experimentally by placing forsteritic olivine in rhyolitic and rhyodacitic melts for times between 25 and 622 h at 50 and 150 MPa, H2O-saturated, at the Ni-NiO buffer. Rims of orthopyroxene microlites formed from high-silica rhyolite and rhyodacite melts at 885°C and 50 MPa, and in the rhyolite at 150 MPa and 885°C. Rims of amphibole with lesser orthopyroxene formed in the rhyolite at 150 MPa and 800°C and in the rhyodacite at 150 MPa and 885°C. Irregular, convolute olivine edges and mass balance between olivine, melt, and rim phases show that olivine partly dissolved at all conditions. Iron-rich zones at the exteriors of olivines, which increased in width parabolically with time, show that Fe-Mg interdiffusion occurring in olivines was not outpaced by olivine dissolution. Linear increases of the square of rim widths with time suggest that diffusion within the melt is the rate-controlling process for olivine dissolution and rim growth. Rims grew one-half to one order-of-magnitude faster when melt water contents were doubled, unless conditions were far above the liquidus. Rim growth rate in rhyolite increases from 0.055 ± 0.01 µm2/h at 885°C and 50 MPa to 0.64 ± 0.13 µm2/h at 800°C and 150 MPa. Melt composition has a lesser effect on rim growth rates, with growth rate increasing as melt SiO2 content decreases. Pyroxene rims on olivines in andesite erupted from Arenal volcano (Costa Rica) grew at a rate of 3.0 ± 0.2 µm2/h over an eleven-year period. This rate is faster than those of the experiments due to lower melt viscosity and higher temperatures, and suggests that a magma mixing event preceded the start of the eruption by days.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., and Gardner, J.E., 2004, Reaction rim growth on olivine in silicic melts: Implications for magma mixing: American Mineralogist, v. 89, no. 5-6, p. 748-759.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"748","endPage":"759","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334517,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/TOC/2004/MJ04.html"}],"volume":"89","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a957ee4b0c8380cd81a4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, James E.","contributorId":43243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027497,"text":"70027497 - 2004 - Deep and bottom water export from the Southern Ocean to the Pacific over the past 38 million years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-18T16:14:31.270662","indexId":"70027497","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep and bottom water export from the Southern Ocean to the Pacific over the past 38 million years","docAbstract":"The application of radiogenic isotopes to the study of Cenozoic circulation patterns in the South Pacific Ocean has been hampered by the fact that records from only equatorial Pacific deep water have been available. We present new Pb and Nd isotope time series for two ferromanganese crusts that grew from equatorial Pacific bottom water (D137-01, \"Nova,\" 7219 m water depth) and southwest Pacific deep water (63KD, \"Tasman,\" 1700 m water depth). The crusts were dated using 10Be/9Be ratios combined with constant Co-flux dating and yield time series for the past 38 and 23 Myr, respectively. The surface Nd and Pb isotope distributions are consistent with the present-day circulation pattern, and therefore the new records are considered suitable to reconstruct Eocene through Miocene paleoceanography for the South Pacific. The isotope time series of crusts Nova and Tasman suggest that equatorial Pacific deep water and waters from the Southern Ocean supplied the dissolved trace metals to both sites over the past 38 Myr. Changes in the isotopic composition of crust Nova are interpreted to reflect development of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and changes in Pacific deep water circulation caused by the build up of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. The Nd isotopic composition of the shallower water site in the southwest Pacific appears to have been more sensitive to circulation changes resulting from closure of the Indonesian seaway.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003PA000923","usgsCitation":"van de Flierdt, T., Frank, M., Halliday, A.N., Hein, J., Hattendorf, B., Gunther, D., and Kubik, P., 2004, Deep and bottom water export from the Southern Ocean to the Pacific over the past 38 million years: Paleoceanography, v. 19, no. 1, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003PA000923.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478121,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003pa000923","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"South Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -182.4609375,\n -56.170022982932046\n ],\n [\n -75.93750000000001,\n -56.170022982932046\n ],\n [\n -75.93750000000001,\n -13.2399454992863\n ],\n [\n -182.4609375,\n -13.2399454992863\n ],\n [\n -182.4609375,\n -56.170022982932046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe1be4b0c8380cd4eb18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van de Flierdt, T.","contributorId":55613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van de Flierdt","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frank, M.","contributorId":103396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halliday, A. N.","contributorId":87663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halliday","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hattendorf, B.","contributorId":80052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hattendorf","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gunther, D.","contributorId":35491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunther","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kubik, P.W.","contributorId":21691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubik","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70027455,"text":"70027455 - 2004 - Roles of uptake, biotransformation, and target site sensitivity in determining the differential toxicity of chlorpyrifos to second to fourth instar Chironomous riparius (Meigen)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70027455","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Roles of uptake, biotransformation, and target site sensitivity in determining the differential toxicity of chlorpyrifos to second to fourth instar Chironomous riparius (Meigen)","docAbstract":"Early life stages of aquatic organisms tend to be more sensitive to various chemical contaminants than later life stages. This research attempted to identify the key biological factors that determined sensitivity differences among life stages of the aquatic insect Chironomous riparius. Specifically, second to fourth instar larvae were exposed in vivo to both low and high waterborne concentrations of chlorpyrifos to examine differences in accumulation rates, chlorpyrifos biotransformation, and overall sensitivity among instars. In vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assays were performed with chlorpyrifos and the metabolite, chlorpyrifos-oxon, to investigate potential target site sensitivity differences among instars. Earlier instars accumulated chlorpyrifos more rapidly than later instars. There were no major differences among instars in the biotransformation rates of chlorpyrifos to the more polar metabolites, chlorpyrifos-oxon, and chlorpyridinol (TCP). Homogenate AChE activities from second to fourth instar larvae were refractory to chlorpyrifos, even at high concentrations. In contrast, homogenate AChE activities were responsive in a dose-dependent manner to chlorpyrifos-oxon. In general, it appeared that chlorpyrifos sensitivity differences among second to fourth instar C. riparius were largely determined by differences in uptake rates. In terms of AChE depression, fourth instar homogenates were more sensitive to chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-oxon than earlier instars. However, basal AChE activity in fourth instar larvae was significantly higher than basal AChE activity in second to third instar larvae, which could potentially offset the apparent increased sensitivity to the oxon. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2003.08.004","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Buchwalter, D., Sandahl, J., Jenkins, J., and Curtis, L., 2004, Roles of uptake, biotransformation, and target site sensitivity in determining the differential toxicity of chlorpyrifos to second to fourth instar Chironomous riparius (Meigen): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 66, no. 2, p. 149-157, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2003.08.004.","startPage":"149","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211240,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2003.08.004"},{"id":238485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae7de4b0c8380cd870ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchwalter, D.B.","contributorId":20053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchwalter","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandahl, J.F.","contributorId":100188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandahl","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenkins, J.J.","contributorId":60818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curtis, L.R.","contributorId":49566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027495,"text":"70027495 - 2004 - Combination of LC/TOF-MS and LC/Ion Trap MS/MS for the Identification of Diphenhydramine in Sediment Samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027495","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combination of LC/TOF-MS and LC/Ion Trap MS/MS for the Identification of Diphenhydramine in Sediment Samples","docAbstract":"Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is a popular over-the-counter antihistaminic medication used for the treatment of allergies. After consumption, excretion, and subsequent discharge from wastewater treatment plants, it is possible that diphenhydramine will be found in environmental sediments due to its hydrophobicity (log P = 3.27). This work describes a methodology for the first unequivocal determination of diphenhydramine bound to environmental sediments. The drug is removed from the sediments by accelerated solvent extraction and then analyzed by liquid chromatography with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and an ion trap mass spectrometer. This combination of techniques provided unequivocal identification and confirmation of diphenhydramine in two sediment samples. The accurate mass measurements of the protonated molecules were m/z 256.1703 and 256.1696 compared to the calculated mass of m/z 256.1701, resulting in errors of 0.8 and 2.3 ppm. This mass accuracy was sufficient to verify the elemental composition of diphenhydramine in each sample. Furthermore, accurate mass measurements of the primary fragment ion were obtained. This work is the first application of time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the identification of diphenhydramine and shows the accumulation of an over-the-counter medication in aquatic sediments at five different locations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/ac034794m","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Ferrer, I., Heine, C., and Thurman, E., 2004, Combination of LC/TOF-MS and LC/Ion Trap MS/MS for the Identification of Diphenhydramine in Sediment Samples: Analytical Chemistry, v. 76, no. 5, p. 1437-1444, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac034794m.","startPage":"1437","endPage":"1444","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210881,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac034794m"},{"id":237943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7d4e4b0c8380cd4cd10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrer, I.","contributorId":97260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrer","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heine, C.E.","contributorId":52679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heine","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027452,"text":"70027452 - 2004 - Fishes of the Missouri national recreational river, South Dakota and Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T11:36:41","indexId":"70027452","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1859,"text":"Great Plains Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fishes of the Missouri national recreational river, South Dakota and Nebraska","docAbstract":"Two sections of the Missouri River, one extending 94 km downstream from Gavins Point Dam, and the other extending 62 km downstream from Fort Randall Dam, are legally designated as National Recreational Rivers. An ichthyofaunal list and fish habitat data were needed for conservation planning by states and federal agencies (e.g., National Park Service). We collected fish during three summers from four macrohabitats, using five fish collection techniques, and measured fish habitat characteristics. Temperature, conductivity, and turbidity varied little, but substrate, depth, and velocity differed among macrohabitats (e.g., depth and velocity in the channel exceeded those elsewhere; sand dominated the substrate except in silt-laden tributary mouths and backwaters). We collected 21,699 fish of 53 species and combined our survey with others to compile a list of 92 species. Common recreational species included walleye (Sander vitreum) and catfishes (Ictaluridae). Twenty nonnative species were present. Seventy-two native species have persisted, but the pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) is endangered and a few other species (e.g., native minnows) may be in decline.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Great Plains Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10525165","usgsCitation":"Berry, C.R., and Young, B., 2004, Fishes of the Missouri national recreational river, South Dakota and Nebraska: Great Plains Research, v. 14, no. 1, p. 89-114.","startPage":"89","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268121,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch/690/"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10b9e4b0c8380cd53da1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berry, C. R. Jr.","contributorId":39167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, B.","contributorId":47893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027496,"text":"70027496 - 2004 - Chromosome numbers and karyotype evolution in holoparasitic Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) and related genera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-24T17:22:49.372414","indexId":"70027496","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Chromosome numbers and karyotype evolution in holoparasitic Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) and related genera","title":"Chromosome numbers and karyotype evolution in holoparasitic Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) and related genera","docAbstract":"Chromosome numbers and karyotypes of species of Orobanche, Cistanche, and Diphelypaea (Orobanchaceae) were investigated, and 108 chromosome counts of 53 taxa, 19 counted for the first time, are presented with a thorough compilation of previously published data. Additionally, karyotypes of representatives of these genera, including Orobanche sects. Orobanche and Trionychon, are reported. Cistanche (x = 20) has large meta- to submetacentric chromosomes, while those of Diphelypaea (x = 19) are medium-sized submeta- to acrocentrics. Within three analyzed sections of Orobanche, sects. Myzorrhiza (x = 24) and Trionychon (x = 12) possess medium-sized submeta- to acrocentrics, while sect. Orobanche (x = 19) has small, mostly meta- to submetacentric, chromosomes. Polyploidy is unevenly distributed in Orobanche and restricted to a few lineages, e.g., O. sect. Myzorrhiza or Orobanche gracilis and its relatives (sect. Orobanche). The distribution of basic chromosome numbers supports the groups found by molecular phylogenetic analyses: Cistanche has x = 20, the Orobanche-group (Orobanche sect. Orobanche, Diphelypaea) has x = 19, and the Phelipanche-group (Orobanche sects. Gymnocaulis, Myzorrhiza, Trionychon) has x = 12, 24. A model of chromosome number evolution in Orobanche and related genera is presented: from two ancestral base numbers, xh = 5 and xh = 6, independent polyploidizations led to x = 20 (Cistanche) and (after dysploidization) x = 19 (Orobanche-group) and to x = 12 and x = 24 (Phelipanche-group), respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.3732/ajb.91.3.439","usgsCitation":"Schneeweiss, G., Palomeque, T., Colwell, A., and Weiss-Schneeweiss, H., 2004, Chromosome numbers and karyotype evolution in holoparasitic Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) and related genera: American Journal of Botany, v. 91, no. 3, p. 439-448, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.3.439.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"448","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478305,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.3.439","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5e9e4b0c8380cd4c4a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneeweiss, G.M.","contributorId":51429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneeweiss","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palomeque, T.","contributorId":37949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palomeque","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colwell, A.E.","contributorId":18490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colwell","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weiss-Schneeweiss, H.","contributorId":31193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss-Schneeweiss","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026862,"text":"70026862 - 2004 - Geochemistry of glacial sediments in the area of the Bend massive sulfide deposit, north-central Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70026862","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of glacial sediments in the area of the Bend massive sulfide deposit, north-central Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Geochemical exploration in northern Wisconsin has been problematic because of thick glacial overburden and complex stratigraphic record of glacial history. To assess till geochemical exploration in an area of thick glacial cover and complex stratigraphy samples of glacial materials were collected from cores from five rotasonic boreholes near a known massive sulfide deposit, the Bend deposit in north-central Wisconsin. Diamond drilling in the Bend area has defined a long, thin zone of mineralization at least partly intersected at the bedrock surface beneath 30-40 m of unconsolidated glacial sediments. The bedrock surface has remnant regolith and saprolite resulting from pre-Pleistocene weathering. Massive sulfide and mineralized rock collected from diamond drill core from the deposit contain high (10s to 10,000s ppm) concentrations of Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cu, Hg, Se, Te, and Tl. Geochemical properties of the glacial stratigraphic units helped clarify the sequence and source areas of several glacial ice advances preserved in the section. At least two till sheets are recognized. Over the zone of mineralization, saprolite and preglacial alluvial and lacustrine samples are preserved on the bedrock surface in a paleoriver valley. The overlying till sheet is a gray, silty carbonate till with a source hundreds of kilometers to the northwest of the study area. This gray till is overlain by red, sandy till with a source to the north in Proterozoic rocks of the Lake Superior area. The complex glacial stratigraphy confounds down-ice geochemical till exploration. The presence of remnant saprolite, preglacial sediment, and far-traveled carbonate till minimized glacial erosion of mineralized material. As a result, little evidence of down-ice glacial dispersion of lithologic or mineralogic indicators of Bend massive sulfide mineralization was found in the samples from the rotasonic cores. This study points out the importance of determining glacial stratigraphy and history, and identifying favorable lithologies required for geochemical exploration. Drift prospecting in Wisconsin and other areas near the outer limits of the Pleistocene ice sheets may not be unsuccessful, in part, because of complex stratigraphic sequences of multiple glaciations where deposition dominates over erosion. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2004.01.001","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Woodruff, L.G., Attig, J., and Cannon, W., 2004, Geochemistry of glacial sediments in the area of the Bend massive sulfide deposit, north-central Wisconsin: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 82, no. 1-3, p. 97-109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2004.01.001.","startPage":"97","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209138,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2004.01.001"},{"id":235354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16f6e4b0c8380cd55325","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodruff, L. G.","contributorId":46999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Attig, J.W.","contributorId":26410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attig","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, W.F. 0000-0002-2699-8118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":70382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027266,"text":"70027266 - 2004 - Lateral mixing in the Mississippi River below the confluence with the Ohio River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:28:09","indexId":"70027266","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lateral mixing in the Mississippi River below the confluence with the Ohio River","docAbstract":"Lateral dispersion coefficients for two dispersants were determined for three sections of the Mississippi River below the confluence with the Ohio River. The dispersants were the specific conductance and an industrial organic compound (trimethyltriazinetrione). Three models based on the stream tube concept were used, and lateral dispersion coefficients computed from these models were comparable. Coefficients for the two dispersants also were comparable. Lateral dispersion coefficients were consistent with expectations based on the characteristics of the river sections. Overall average values were 0.444 m2/s for a relatively straight section of river, 1.69 m2/s for a section containing two sharp bends, and 2.22 m2/s for a long section containing four sharp bends and several small islands. The lateral dispersion coefficients measured for the Mississippi River are consistent with literature data and a water discharge relation. Results of this study provide lateral dispersion coefficients for a water discharge not previously reported in the literature as well as new values for the Mississippi River.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003WR002381","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., and Rostad, C., 2004, Lateral mixing in the Mississippi River below the confluence with the Ohio River: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 5, W05207; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002381.","productDescription":"W05207; 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478170,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003wr002381","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Ohio River, Mississippi River","volume":"40","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4572e4b0c8380cd67319","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026854,"text":"70026854 - 2004 - Community structure of fishes inhabiting aquatic refuges in a threatened Karst wetland and its implications for ecosystem management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70026854","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Community structure of fishes inhabiting aquatic refuges in a threatened Karst wetland and its implications for ecosystem management","docAbstract":"We illustrate the importance of subsurface refuges for conservation of aquatic fauna with our studies of karstic wetlands in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. Managers have proposed that water levels there should not fall more than 46 cm below ground level for more than 90 days annually. In four areas, 84% of solution holes were less than 46 cm deep and holes deeper than lm were rare (<3 km-2). Null-model analysis indicated no \"structure\" in the solution-hole fish communities early in the dry season, but that structure emerged as drying progressed. Native cyprinodontiforms were abundant in shallow solution holes that dry annually under current management, while predatory species (often non-native) tended to dominate deeper holes. Water quality was correlated with hole volume and with composition of late dry-season fish communities. Tremendous losses of fish biomass occurred when water levels fell below 46 cm from ground surface. Most native taxa were unlikely to survive in the deep refuges that held predatory non-native taxa. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00186-1","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Kobza, R.M., Trexler, J., Loftus, W., and Perry, S., 2004, Community structure of fishes inhabiting aquatic refuges in a threatened Karst wetland and its implications for ecosystem management: Biological Conservation, v. 116, no. 2, p. 153-165, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00186-1.","startPage":"153","endPage":"165","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209059,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00186-1"}],"volume":"116","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f80be4b0c8380cd4ce49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kobza, Robert M.","contributorId":103822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kobza","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7036,"text":"South Florida Water Management District","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trexler, J.C.","contributorId":23108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trexler","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loftus, W.F.","contributorId":29363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perry, S.A.","contributorId":50113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026852,"text":"70026852 - 2004 - Landscape responses of bats to habitat fragmentation in Atlantic forest of paraguay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70026852","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape responses of bats to habitat fragmentation in Atlantic forest of paraguay","docAbstract":"Understanding effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on populations or communities is critical to effective conservation and restoration. This is particularly important for bats because they provide vital services to ecosystems via pollination and seed dispersal, especially in tropical and subtropical habitats. Based on more than 1,000 h of survey during a 15-month period, we quantified species abundances and community structure of phyllostomid bats at 14 sites in a 3,000-km2 region of eastern Paraguay. Abundance was highest for Artibeus lituratus in deforested landscapes and for Chrotopterus auritus in forested habitats. In contrast, Artibeus fimbriatus, Carollia perspicillata, Glossophaga soricina, Platyrrhinus lineatus, Pygoderma bilabiatum, and Sturnira lilium attained highest abundance in moderately fragmented forest landscapes. Forest cover, patch size, and patch density frequently were associated with abundance of species. At the community level, species richness was highest in partly deforested landscapes, whereas evenness was greatest in forested habitat. In general, the highest diversity of bats occurred in landscapes comprising moderately fragmented forest habitat. This underscores the importance of remnant habitat patches to conservation strategies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/BWG-125","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Gorresen, P.M., and Willig, M.R., 2004, Landscape responses of bats to habitat fragmentation in Atlantic forest of paraguay: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 85, no. 4, p. 688-697, https://doi.org/10.1644/BWG-125.","startPage":"688","endPage":"697","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478246,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/bwg-125","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209039,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/BWG-125"},{"id":235212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a441be4b0c8380cd66876","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorresen, P. M. mgorresen@usgs.gov","contributorId":18552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorresen","given":"P.","email":"mgorresen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willig, M. R.","contributorId":68517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willig","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}