{"pageNumber":"2761","pageRowStart":"69000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70026286,"text":"70026286 - 2004 - The tsunami source area of the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake estimated from tsunami travel times and its relationship to the 1952 Tokachi-oki earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-11T15:46:33.802054","indexId":"70026286","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1430,"text":"Earth, Planets and Space","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The tsunami source area of the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake estimated from tsunami travel times and its relationship to the 1952 Tokachi-oki earthquake","docAbstract":"<p><span>We estimate the tsunami source area of the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake (Mw 8.0) from observed tsunami travel times at 17 Japanese tide gauge stations. The estimated tsunami source area (</span><span class=\"stix\">∼</span><span>&nbsp;1.4 × 10</span><sup>4</sup><span>&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) coincides with the western-half of the ocean-bottom deformation area (</span><span class=\"stix\">∼</span><span>2.52 × 10</span><sup>4</sup><span>&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) of the 1952 Tokachi-oki earthquake (Mw 8.1), previously inferred from tsunami waveform inversion. This suggests that the 2003 event ruptured only the western-half of the 1952 rupture extent. Geographical distribution of the maximum tsunami heights in 2003 differs significantly from that of the 1952 tsunami, supporting this hypothesis. Analysis of first-peak tsunami travel times indicates that a major uplift of the ocean-bottom occurred approximately 30 km to the NNW of the mainshock epicenter, just above a major asperity inferred from seismic waveform inversion.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/BF03353066","usgsCitation":"Hirata, K., Tanioka, Y., Satake, K., Yamaki, S., and Geist, E., 2004, The tsunami source area of the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake estimated from tsunami travel times and its relationship to the 1952 Tokachi-oki earthquake: Earth, Planets and Space, v. 56, no. 3, p. 367-372, https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03353066.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"372","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478122,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/bf03353066","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -219.0234375,\n              48.28319289548349\n            ],\n            [\n              -218.935546875,\n              45.213003555993964\n            ],\n            [\n              -220.78125,\n              42.293564192170095\n            ],\n            [\n              -224.736328125,\n              37.37015718405753\n            ],\n            [\n              -230.80078125,\n              33.284619968887675\n            ],\n            [\n              -230.361328125,\n              31.27855085894653\n            ],\n            [\n              -228.779296875,\n              29.99300228455108\n            ],\n            [\n              -226.23046875,\n              32.24997445586331\n            ],\n            [\n              -223.76953125,\n              33.211116472416855\n            ],\n            [\n              -217.705078125,\n              35.88905007936091\n            ],\n            [\n              -216.826171875,\n              40.713955826286046\n            ],\n            [\n              -208.916015625,\n              46.01222384063236\n            ],\n            [\n              -214.45312499999997,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -214.62890625,\n              49.66762782262194\n            ],\n            [\n              -217.177734375,\n              54.213861000644926\n            ],\n            [\n              -218.14453125,\n              53.592504809039376\n            ],\n            [\n              -219.0234375,\n              48.28319289548349\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb141e4b08c986b325297","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirata, K.","contributorId":54378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirata","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanioka, Y.","contributorId":33891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanioka","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Satake, K.","contributorId":53124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Satake","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yamaki, S.","contributorId":54379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamaki","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Geist, E.L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":71993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027184,"text":"70027184 - 2004 - Wildfire-resistant biological soil crusts and fire-induced loss of soil stability in Palouse prairies, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:26","indexId":"70027184","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":846,"text":"Applied Soil Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildfire-resistant biological soil crusts and fire-induced loss of soil stability in Palouse prairies, USA","docAbstract":"Frequent low-intensity fires are a natural component of the ecology of the Palouse prairies of northwestern North America. To study the effects of fire upon biological soil crusts (BSCs) occurring in these grasslands, we sampled three burned (in 2000) sites and three unburned sites in the Hell's Canyon area (OR, USA) ???1 year post-fire. We measured vascular plant and BSC cover, soil microbe pigmentation, texture and chemistry, and soil surface physical properties (stability and rugosity). Festuca idahoensis was two times more abundant in unburned plots (P=0.0006), and vascular plant and litter cover were generally higher in unburned plots. At the community scale, there was no difference in the lichen and moss species composition, suggesting much less drastic effects of fire on BSCs than reported in other systems. Soil surface stability (measured using slake value) was significantly lower in burned sites than unburned sites (median value=5 versus 6, P=0.008), a result which is likely due to the greater density of lichens and mosses encountered in the unburned plots. Soil microbe pigmentation was lower in burned plots (P=0.03), suggesting that the biomass of photosynthetic microbes had decreased; however, the presence of intra- and extracellular pigments in burned soils indicates that microorganisms were not eradicated. Pigments most strongly associated with cyanobacteria were more abundant in unburned sites, suggesting that cyanobacteria may have been more strongly impacted by the fire than other BSC components. Composition of nutrients and surface rugosity did not differ significantly between treatments. We hypothesize that Palouse prairie soil crusts are relatively resistant to wildfire because of low fire intensity and their occupation of space away from the vascular plant fuel load.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Soil Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2003.10.005","issn":"09291393","usgsCitation":"Bowker, M.A., Belnap, J., Rosentreter, R., and Graham, B., 2004, Wildfire-resistant biological soil crusts and fire-induced loss of soil stability in Palouse prairies, USA: Applied Soil Ecology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 41-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2003.10.005.","startPage":"41","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209203,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2003.10.005"},{"id":235450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0d4e4b08c986b32f0a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, M. A.","contributorId":18901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosentreter, R.","contributorId":27653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosentreter","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, B.","contributorId":21742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027071,"text":"70027071 - 2004 - Gas evolution in eruptive conduits: Combining insights from high temperature and pressure decompression experiments with steady-state flow modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-23T09:55:21","indexId":"70027071","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas evolution in eruptive conduits: Combining insights from high temperature and pressure decompression experiments with steady-state flow modeling","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this paper we examine the consequences of bubble nucleation mechanism on eruptive degassing of rhyolite magma. We use the results of published high temperature and pressure decompression experiments as input to a modified version of CONFLOW, the numerical model of Mastin and Ghiorso [(2000) U.S.G.S. Open-File Rep. 00-209, 53 pp.] and Mastin [(2002) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 3, 10.1029/2001GC000192] for steady, two-phase flow in vertical conduits. Synthesis of the available experimental data shows that heterogeneous nucleation is triggered at&nbsp;</span><i>ΔP</i><span>&lt;5–20 MPa in water-saturated rhyolite and leads to equilibrium degassing through a discrete nucleation event. Typically 10</span><sup>5</sup><span>–10</span><sup>7</sup><span>&nbsp;bubbles/cm</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;are produced which evolve Gaussian bubble size distributions. Homogeneous nucleation requires&nbsp;</span><i>ΔP</i><span>&gt;120–150 MPa, and leads to disequilibrium degassing at extreme H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O supersaturation. In this latter case, nucleation is an ongoing process controlled by changing supersaturation conditions. Exponential bubble size distributions are often produced with number densities of 10</span><sup>6</sup><span>–10</span><sup>9</sup><span>&nbsp;bubbles/cm</span><sup>3</sup><span>. Our numerical analysis adopts an end-member approach that specifically compares equilibrium degassing with delayed, disequilibrium degassing characteristic of homogeneously-nucleating systems. The disequilibrium simulations show that delaying nucleation until&nbsp;</span><i>ΔP</i><span>=150 MPa restricts degassing to within ∼1500 m of the surface. Fragmentation occurs at similar porosity in both the disequilibrium and equilibrium modes (∼80 vol%), but at the distinct depths of ∼500 m and ∼2300 m, respectively. The vesiculation delay leads to higher pressures at equivalent depths in the conduit, and the mass flux and exit pressure are each higher by a factor of ∼2.0. Residual water contents in the melt reaching the vent are between 0.5 and 1.0 wt%, roughly twice that of the equilibrium model.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00230-0","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Mangan, M., Mastin, L., and Sisson, T., 2004, Gas evolution in eruptive conduits: Combining insights from high temperature and pressure decompression experiments with steady-state flow modeling: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 129, no. 1-3, p. 23-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00230-0.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209070,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00230-0"}],"volume":"129","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14c9e4b0c8380cd54b76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangan, M.","contributorId":20091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastin, L.","contributorId":59797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sisson, T.","contributorId":80846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026747,"text":"70026747 - 2004 - Bioinvasive species and the preservation of cutthroat trout in the western United States: Ecological, social, and economic issues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026747","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1563,"text":"Environmental Science and Policy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioinvasive species and the preservation of cutthroat trout in the western United States: Ecological, social, and economic issues","docAbstract":"The cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) was the only endemic salmonid species across most of the western United States, and it has severely declined largely due to introduction and bioinvasion by non-native salmonid species. However, the ecological, social, and economic consequences of cutthroat trout declines and replacement by non-native salmonid species are relatively minor, and measurable affects on ecosystem function are rare. Restoration efforts for cutthroat trout involve removal or control of bioinvasive salmonid species, but such efforts are costly, ongoing, and resisted frequently by segments of society. Cutthroat trout declines are of little concern to much of the public because they are valued similarly to non-native salmonids, and non-native salmonid species frequently have higher recreational values. Due to the low values placed on cutthroat trout relative to non-native salmonid species, net economic benefits of preserving cutthroat trout are equal to or less than those for non-native salmonids. Cutthroat trout provide a classic case of the consequences of biological invasion; however, other native species are faced with similar issues. We suggest that management agencies establish realistic goals to preserve native species within the context of ecological, social, and economic issues. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Policy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2004.05.003","issn":"14629011","usgsCitation":"Quist, M., and Hubert, W., 2004, Bioinvasive species and the preservation of cutthroat trout in the western United States: Ecological, social, and economic issues: Environmental Science and Policy, v. 7, no. 4, p. 303-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2004.05.003.","startPage":"303","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208323,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2004.05.003"},{"id":233994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f15ce4b0c8380cd4ac06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quist, M.C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":62805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026287,"text":"70026287 - 2004 - Toward a comprehensive information system to assist invasive species management in Hawaii and Pacific Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T10:37:04","indexId":"70026287","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3738,"text":"Weed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward a comprehensive information system to assist invasive species management in Hawaii and Pacific Islands","docAbstract":"The need for coordinated regional and global electronic databases to assist prevention, early detection, rapid response, and control of biological invasions is well accepted. The Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN), a node of the National Biological Information Infrastructure, has been increasingly engaged in the invasive species enterprise since its establishment in 2001. Since this time, PBIN has sought to support frontline efforts at combating invasions, through working with stakeholders in conservation, agriculture, forestry, health, and commerce to support joint information needs. Although initial emphasis has been on Hawaii, cooperative work with other Pacific islands and countries of the Pacific Rim is already underway and planned.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Weed Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1614/WS-04-019R","issn":"00431745","usgsCitation":"Fornwall, M., and Loope, L., 2004, Toward a comprehensive information system to assist invasive species management in Hawaii and Pacific Islands: Weed Science, v. 52, no. 5, p. 854-856, https://doi.org/10.1614/WS-04-019R.","startPage":"854","endPage":"856","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478124,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1614/ws-04-019r","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208366,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1614/WS-04-019R"},{"id":234077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5afe4b08c986b326819","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fornwall, M.","contributorId":19343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fornwall","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loope, L.","contributorId":86875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026744,"text":"70026744 - 2004 - Volcanological perspectives on Long Valley, Mammoth Mountain, and Mono Craters: Several contiguous but discrete systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-17T11:26:17","indexId":"70026744","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanological perspectives on Long Valley, Mammoth Mountain, and Mono Craters: Several contiguous but discrete systems","docAbstract":"<p><span>The volcanic history of the Long Valley region is examined within a framework of six successive (spatially discrete) foci of silicic magmatism, each driven by locally concentrated basaltic intrusion of the deep crust in response to extensional unloading and decompression melting of the upper mantle. A precaldera dacite field (3.5–2.5 Ma) northwest of the later site of Long Valley and the Glass Mountain locus of &gt;60 high-silica rhyolite vents (2.2–0.79 Ma) northeast of it were spatially and temporally independent magmatic foci, both cold in postcaldera time. Shortly before the 760-ka caldera-forming eruption, the mantle-driven focus of crustal melting shifted ∼20 km westward, abandoning its long-stable position under Glass Mountain and energizing instead the central Long Valley system that released 600 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of compositionally zoned rhyolitic Bishop Tuff (760 ka), followed by ∼100 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>of crystal-poor Early Rhyolite (760–650 ka) on the resurgent dome and later by three separate 5-unit clusters of varied Moat Rhyolites of small volume (527–101 ka). West of the caldera ring-fault zone, a fourth focus started up ∼160 ka, producing a 10×20-km array of at least 35&nbsp;</span><i>mafic</i><span>&nbsp;vents that surround the trachydacite/alkalic rhyodacite Mammoth Mountain dome complex at its core. This young 70-vent system lies west of the structural caldera and (though it may have locally re-energized the western margin of the mushy moribund Long Valley reservoir) represents a thermally and compositionally independent focus. A fifth major discrete focus started up by ∼50 ka, 25–30 km north of Mammoth Mountain, beneath the center of what has become the Mono Craters chain. In the Holocene, this system advanced both north and south, producing ∼30 dike-fed domes of crystal-poor high-silica rhyolite, some as young as 650 years. The nearby chain of mid-to-late Holocene Inyo domes is a fault-influenced zone of mixing where magmas of at least four kinds are confluent. The sixth and youngest focus is at Mono Lake, where basalt, dacite, and low-silica rhyolite unrelated to the Mono Craters magma reservoir have erupted in the interval 14 to 0.25 ka. A compelling inference is that mantle-driven magmatic foci have moved repeatedly, allowing abandoned silicic reservoirs, including the formerly vigorous Long Valley magma chamber, to crystallize. A 100-fold decline of intracaldera eruption rate after 650 ka, lack of crystal-poor rhyolite since 300 ka, limited volumes of moat rhyolite (most of it crystal-rich), absence of postcaldera mafic volcanism inside the structural caldera (or north and south adjacent to it), low thermal gradients inside the caldera, and sourcing of hydrothermal underflow within the western array well outside the ring-fault zone all suggest that the Long Valley magma reservoir is moribund.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.019","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, W., 2004, Volcanological perspectives on Long Valley, Mammoth Mountain, and Mono Craters: Several contiguous but discrete systems: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 136, no. 3-4, p. 169-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.019.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208302,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.019"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley, Mammoth Mountain, and Mono Craters","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.20989990234374,\n              37.54022177661216\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.45184326171875,\n              37.54022177661216\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.45184326171875,\n              38.1734326790354\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.20989990234374,\n              38.1734326790354\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.20989990234374,\n              37.54022177661216\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"136","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc345e4b08c986b32b069","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026742,"text":"70026742 - 2004 - Pancam multispectral imaging results from the Spirit Rover at Gusev crater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T14:21:21","indexId":"70026742","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pancam multispectral imaging results from the Spirit Rover at Gusev crater","docAbstract":"Panoramic Camera images at Gusev crater reveal a rock-strewn surface interspersed with high- to moderate-albedo fine-grained deposits occurring in part as drifts or in small circular swales or hollows. Optically thick coatings of fine-grained ferric iron-rich dust dominate most bright soil and rock surfaces. Spectra of some darker rock surfaces and rock regions exposed by brushing or grinding show near-infrared spectral signatures consistent with the presence of mafic silicates such as pyroxene or olivine. Atmospheric observations show a steady decline in dust opacity during the mission, and astronomical observations captured solar transits by the martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, as well as a view of Earth from the martian surface.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","doi":"10.1126/science.1100175","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Bell, J., Squyres, S.W., Arvidson, R., Arneson, H., Bass, D., Blaney, D., Cabrol, N., Calvin, W., Farmer, J., Farrand, W.H., Goetz, W., Golombek, M., Grant, J.A., Greeley, R., Guinness, E., Hayes, A., Hubbard, M., Herkenhoff, K.E., Johnson, M.J., Johnson, J.R., Joseph, J., Kinch, K., Lemmon, M., Li, R., Madsen, M., Maki, J., Malin, M., McCartney, E., McLennan, S., McSween, H., Ming, D.W., Moersch, J., Morris, R., Dobrea, E., Parker, T.J., Proton, J., Rice, J.W., Seelos, F., Soderblom, J., Soderblom, L.A., Sohl-Dickstein, J.N., Sullivan, R., Wolff, M., and Wang, A., 2004, Pancam multispectral imaging results from the Spirit Rover at Gusev crater: Science, v. 305, no. 5685, p. 800-806, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100175.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"800","endPage":"806","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487529,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/129786","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gusev crater; Mars","volume":"305","issue":"5685","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a74b1e4b0c8380cd77791","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, J.F. 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,{"id":70026719,"text":"70026719 - 2004 - Aural abscesses on Florida box turtles are associated with abnormally wet winters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026719","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aural abscesses on Florida box turtles are associated with abnormally wet winters","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0018084X","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C., and Griffey, M.L., 2004, Aural abscesses on Florida box turtles are associated with abnormally wet winters: Herpetological Review, v. 35, no. 3, p. 233-235.","startPage":"233","endPage":"235","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eeebe4b0c8380cd4a027","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffey, Marian L.","contributorId":81047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffey","given":"Marian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026555,"text":"70026555 - 2004 - Volatile organic compounds in ground water from rural private wells, 1986 to 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-27T16:53:57.158565","indexId":"70026555","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volatile organic compounds in ground water from rural private wells, 1986 to 1999","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected or compiled data on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in samples of untreated ground water from 1,926 rural private wells during 1986 to 1999. At least one VOC was detected in 12 percent of samples from rural private wells. Individual VOCs were not commonly detected with the seven most frequently detected compounds found in only 1 to 5 percent of samples at or above a concentration of 0.2 microgram per liter (<span>μg/l</span>). An assessment level of 0.2 <span>μg/l</span>&nbsp;was selected so that comparisons of detection frequencies between VOCs could be made. The seven most frequently detected VOCs were: trichloromethane, methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrachloroethene, dichlorodifluoromethane, methylbenzene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. Solvents and trihalomethanes were the most frequently detected VOC groups in private wells. The distributions of detections of gasoline oxygenates and fumigants seemed to be related to the use patterns of compounds in these groups. Mixtures were a common mode of occurrence of VOCs with one-quarter of all samples with detections including two or more VOCs. The concentrations of most detected VOCs were relatively small and only 1.4 percent of samples had one or more VOC concentrations that exceeded a federally established drinking water standard or health criterion.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01575.x","usgsCitation":"Moran, M., Lapham, W., Rowe, B., and Zogorski, J., 2004, Volatile organic compounds in ground water from rural private wells, 1986 to 1999: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 40, no. 5, p. 1141-1157, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01575.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1141","endPage":"1157","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2c3e4b08c986b32ad49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, M.J.","contributorId":7862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lapham, W.W.","contributorId":36583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapham","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowe, B.L.","contributorId":22384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zogorski, J.S.","contributorId":108201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026717,"text":"70026717 - 2004 - The role of fire and fire management in the invasion of nonnative plants in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026717","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The role of fire and fire management in the invasion of nonnative plants in California","docAbstract":"Researchers with the U.S. Geological Survey seek to understand how fire and fire management strategies may be aiding the invasion of nonnative plants.","largerWorkTitle":"Park Science","language":"English","issn":"07359462","usgsCitation":"Merriam, K.E., McGinnis, T., and Keeley, J., 2004, The role of fire and fire management in the invasion of nonnative plants in California, <i>in</i> Park Science, v. 22, no. 2.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf6de4b08c986b3247ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merriam, K. E.","contributorId":66641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merriam","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGinnis, T.W.","contributorId":30949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGinnis","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026716,"text":"70026716 - 2004 - Fire regimes and vegetation responses in two Mediterranean-climate regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026716","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Fire regimes and vegetation responses in two Mediterranean-climate regions","docAbstract":"Wildfires resulting from thunderstorms are common in some Mediterranean-climate regions, such as southern California, and have played an important role in the ecology and evolution of the flora. Mediterranean-climate regions are major centers for human population and thus anthropogenic impacts on fire regimes may have important consequences on these plant formations. However, changes in fire regimes may have different impacts on Mediterranean type-ecosystems depending on the capability of plants to respond to such perturbations. Therefore, we compare here fire regimes and vegetation responses of two Mediterranean-climate regions which differ in wildfire regimes and history of human occupation, the central zone of Chile (matorral) and the southern area of California in United States (chaparral). In Chile almost all fires result from anthropogenic activities, whereas lightning fires resulting from thunderstorms are frequent in California. In both regions fires are more frequent in summer, due to high accumulation of dry plant biomass for ignition. Humans have markedly increased fires frequency both in the matorral and chaparral, but extent of burned areas has remained unaltered, probably due to better fire suppression actions and a decline in the built-up of dry plant fuel associated to increased landscape fragmentation with less flammable agricultural and urban developments. As expected, post-fire plant regeneration responses differs between the matorral and chaparral due to differences in the importance of wildfires as a natural evolutionary force in the system. Plants from the chaparral show a broader range of post-fire regeneration responses than the matorral, from basal resprouting, to lignotuber resprouting, and to fire-stimulated germination and flowering with fire-specific clues such as heat shock, chemicals from smoke or charred wood. Plants from the matorral have some resprouting capabilities after fire, but these probably evolved from other environmental pressures, such as severe and long summer droughts, herbivory, and volcanism. Although both Mediterranean-type ecosystems have shown to be resilient to anthropogenic fires, increasing fire frequency may be an important factor that needs to be considered as it may result in strong negative effects on plant successional trends and on plant diversity.","largerWorkTitle":"Revista Chilena de Historia Natural","language":"English","issn":"0716078X","usgsCitation":"Montenegro, G., Ginocchio, R., Segura, A., Keely, J., and Gomez, M., 2004, Fire regimes and vegetation responses in two Mediterranean-climate regions, <i>in</i> Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, v. 77, no. 3, p. 455-464.","startPage":"455","endPage":"464","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1045e4b0c8380cd53bd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montenegro, G.","contributorId":63762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montenegro","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ginocchio, R.","contributorId":86535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginocchio","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Segura, A.","contributorId":14614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segura","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keely, J.E.","contributorId":48359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keely","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gomez, M.","contributorId":91666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026939,"text":"70026939 - 2004 - A combined basalt and peridotite perspective on 14 million years of melt generation at the Atlantis Bank segment of the Southwest Indian Ridge: Evidence for temporal changes in mantle dynamics?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70026939","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A combined basalt and peridotite perspective on 14 million years of melt generation at the Atlantis Bank segment of the Southwest Indian Ridge: Evidence for temporal changes in mantle dynamics?","docAbstract":"Little is known about temporal variations in melt generation and extraction at midocean ridges largely due to the paucity of sampling along flow lines. Here we present new whole-rock major and trace element data, and mineral and glass major element data, for 71 basaltic samples (lavas and dykes) and 23 peridotites from the same ridge segment (the Atlantis Bank segment of the Southwest Indian Ridge). These samples span an age range of almost 14 My and, in combination with the large amount of published data from this area, allow temporal variations in melting processes to be investigated. Basalts show systematic changes in incompatible trace element ratios with the older samples (from ???8-14 Ma) having more depleted incompatible trace element ratios than the younger ones. There is, however, no corresponding change in peridotite compositions. Peridotites come from the top of the melting column, where the extent of melting is highest, suggesting that the maximum degree of melting did not change over this interval of time. New and published Nd isotopic ratios of basalts, dykes and gabbros from this segment suggest that the average source composition has been approximately constant over this time interval. These data are most readily explained by a model in which the average source composition and temperature have not changed over the last 14 My, but the dynamics of mantle flow (active-to-passive) or melt extraction (less-to-more efficient extraction from the 'wings' of the melting column) has changed significantly. This hypothesised change in mantle dynamics occurs at roughly the same time as a change from a period of detachment faulting to 'normal' crustal accretion. We speculate that active mantle flow may impart sufficient shear stress on the base of the lithosphere to rotate the regional stress field and promote the formation of low angle normal faults. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.01.016","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Coogan, L., Thompson, G., MacLeod, C.J., Dick, H., Edwards, S., Hosford, S.A., and Barry, T., 2004, A combined basalt and peridotite perspective on 14 million years of melt generation at the Atlantis Bank segment of the Southwest Indian Ridge: Evidence for temporal changes in mantle dynamics?: Chemical Geology, v. 207, no. 1-2, p. 13-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.01.016.","startPage":"13","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209191,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.01.016"},{"id":235435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"207","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e34ae4b0c8380cd45f44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coogan, L.A.","contributorId":27652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coogan","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, G.M.","contributorId":57246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacLeod, C. J.","contributorId":50333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacLeod","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dick, H.J.B.","contributorId":7012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dick","given":"H.J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, S.J.","contributorId":72753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hosford, Scheirer A.","contributorId":62810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosford","given":"Scheirer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barry, T.L.","contributorId":27646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70026341,"text":"70026341 - 2004 - Measuring mercury and other elemental components in tree rings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026341","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Measuring mercury and other elemental components in tree rings","docAbstract":"There has been considerable interest in measuring heavy metal pollution, such as mercury, using tree ring analysis. Since 1970, this method has provided a historical snapshot of pollutant concentrations near hazardous waste sites. Traditional methods of analysis have long been used with heavy metal pollutants such as mercury. These methods, such as atomic fluorescence and laser ablation, are sometimes time consuming and expensive to implement. In recent years, ion beam techniques, such as Particle Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE), have been used to measure large numbers of elements. Most of the existing research in this area has been completed for low to medium atomic number pollutants, such as titanium, cobalt, nickel, and copper. Due to the reduction of sensitivity, it is often difficult or impossible to use traditional low energy (few MeV) PIXE analysis for pollutants with large atomic numbers. For example, the PIXE detection limit for mercury was recently measured to be about 1 ppm for a spiked Southern Magnolia wood sample [ref. 1]. This presentation will compare PIXE and standard chemical concentration results for a variety of wood samples.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of ISA","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 50th International Instrumentation Symposium","conferenceDate":"10 May 2004 through 13 May 2004","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gillan, C., Hollerman, W., Doyle, T., and Lewis, T., 2004, Measuring mercury and other elemental components in tree rings, <i>in</i> Technical Papers of ISA, v. 451, San Antonio, TX, 10 May 2004 through 13 May 2004, p. 201-208.","startPage":"201","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"451","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a534ce4b0c8380cd6c9a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillan, C.","contributorId":101055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillan","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hollerman, W.A.","contributorId":93253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollerman","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doyle, T.W. 0000-0001-5754-0671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":16783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewis, T.E.","contributorId":55926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026711,"text":"70026711 - 2004 - Bioaccumulation of toxaphene congeners in the lake superior food web","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T11:22:35","indexId":"70026711","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioaccumulation of toxaphene congeners in the lake superior food web","docAbstract":"<p>The bioaccumulation and biotransformation of toxaphene was examined in the food webs of Lake Superior and Siskiwit Lake (Isle Royale) using congener specific analysis as well as stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen to characterize food webs. Toxaphene concentrations (calculated using technical toxaphene) in lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) from the western basin of Lake Superior (N = 95) averaged (&plusmn;SD) 889 &plusmn; 896 ng/g wet wt and 60 &plusmn; 34 ng/g wet wt in Siskiwit Lake. Major congeners in lake trout were B8-789 (P38), B8-2226 (P44), B9-1679 (P50), and B9-1025 (P62). Toxaphene concentrations were found to vary seasonally, especially in lower food web organisms in Lake Superior and to a lesser extent in Siskiwit Lake. Toxaphene concentrations declined significantly in lake herring (<i>Coregonus artedii</i>), rainbow smelt (<i>Omerus mordax</i>), and slimy sculpin (<i>Cottus cognatus</i>) as well as in zooplankton (&gt; 102 &amp;mn;m) and Mysis (<i>Mysis relicta</i>) between May and October. The seasonal variation may reflect seasonal shifts in the species abundance within the zooplankton community. Trophic magnification factors (TMF) derived from regressions of toxaphene congener concentrations versus &delta;<sup>15</sup>N were &gt; 1 for most octa- and nonachlorobornanes in Lake Superior except B8-1413 (P26) and B9-715. Log bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for toxaphene congeners in lake trout (ng/g lipid/ng/L dissolved) ranged from 4.54 to 9.7 and were significantly correlated with log octanol-water partition coefficients. TMFs observed for total toxaphene and congener B9-1679 in Lake Superior were similar to those in Arctic lakes, as well as to previous studies in the Great Lakes, which suggests that the bioaccumulation behavior of toxaphene is similar in pelagic food webs of large, cold water systems. However, toxaphene concentrations were lower in lake trout from Siskiwit Lake and lakes in northwestern Ontario than in Lake Superior possibly because of shorter food chains and greater reliance on zooplankton or other pelagic invertebrates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(04)70350-0","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Muir, D., Whittle, D., De Vault, D.S., Bronte, C., Karlsson, H., Backus, S., and Teixeira, C., 2004, Bioaccumulation of toxaphene congeners in the lake superior food web: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 30, no. 2, p. 316-340, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(04)70350-0.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"316","endPage":"340","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234318,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States;Canada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior;Siskiwit Lake;Northwestern Ontario","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f13ae4b0c8380cd4aaee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muir, D.C.G.","contributorId":92021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muir","given":"D.C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whittle, D.M.","contributorId":88919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whittle","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Vault, D. S.","contributorId":70572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Vault","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bronte, C.R.","contributorId":20100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Karlsson, H.","contributorId":99344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlsson","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Backus, S.","contributorId":105490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backus","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Teixeira, C.","contributorId":55614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teixeira","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70026706,"text":"70026706 - 2004 - Compositions and sorptive properties of crop residue-derived chars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026706","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositions and sorptive properties of crop residue-derived chars","docAbstract":"Chars originating from the burning or pyrolysis of vegetation may significantly sorb neutral organic contaminants (NOCs). To evaluate the relationship between the char composition and NOC sorption, a series of char samples were generated by pyrolyzing a wheat residue (Triticum aestivum L) for 6 h at temperatures between 300 ??C and 700 ??C and analyzed for their elemental compositions, surface areas, and surface functional groups. The samples were then studied for their abilities to sorb benzene and nitrobenzene from water. A commercial activated carbon was used as a reference carbonaceous sample. The char samples produced at high pyrolytic temperatures (500-700 ??C) were well carbonized and exhibited a relatively high surface area (>300 m2/g), little organic matter (<3%), and low oxygen content (???10%). By contrast, the chars formed at low temperatures (300-400 ??C) were only partially carbonized, showing significantly different properties (<200 m2/g surface area, 40-50% organic carbon, and >20% oxygen). The char samples exhibited a significant range of surface acidity/basicity because of their different surface polar-group contents, as characterized by the Boehm titration data and the NMR and FTIR spectra. The NOC sorption by high-temperature chars occurred almost exclusively by surface adsorption on carbonized surfaces, whereas the sorption by low-temperature chars resulted from the surface adsorption and the concurrent smaller partition into the residual organic-matter phase. The chars appeared to have a higher surface affinity for a polar solute (nitrobenzene) than for a nonpolar solute (benzene), the difference being related to the surface acidity/basicity of the char samples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es035034w","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Chun, Y., Sheng, G., Chiou, G., and Xing, B., 2004, Compositions and sorptive properties of crop residue-derived chars: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 17, p. 4649-4655, https://doi.org/10.1021/es035034w.","startPage":"4649","endPage":"4655","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208506,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es035034w"}],"volume":"38","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f93be4b0c8380cd4d4f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chun, Y.","contributorId":15802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chun","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheng, G.","contributorId":70961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheng","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chiou, G.T.","contributorId":7471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xing, B.","contributorId":107896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xing","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026703,"text":"70026703 - 2004 - Coal systems - A gateway to predictive assessments of coal production","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026703","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Coal systems - A gateway to predictive assessments of coal production","docAbstract":"Current federal and State coal assessments estimate resources in the ground, resources available for mining, and economically recoverable resources. None of these assessments predict the amount of coal that may be produced from an assessed area in the near future (???20 years). Predictive assessments of coal production would be based on an understanding of the regional coal geology (coal systems), potential demand, and knowledge of the mining history of the region. The output of the predictive assessment would be a supply curve - a probability distribution of the amount of coal expected to be produced from current and new mines during the assessment period.","largerWorkTitle":"2004 SME Annual Meeting Preprints","conferenceTitle":"2004 SME Annual Meeting Preprints","conferenceDate":"23 February 2004 through 25 February 2004","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Milici, R., 2004, Coal systems - A gateway to predictive assessments of coal production, <i>in</i> 2004 SME Annual Meeting Preprints, Denver, CO, 23 February 2004 through 25 February 2004, p. 269-271.","startPage":"269","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f753e4b0c8380cd4cac3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milici, R.","contributorId":45873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milici","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026702,"text":"70026702 - 2004 - Divergent evolution in fluviokarst landscapes of central Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026702","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Divergent evolution in fluviokarst landscapes of central Kentucky","docAbstract":"Central Kentucky is characterized by a mixture of karst and fluvial features, typically manifested as mosaic of karst-rich/ channel-poor (KRCP) and channel-rich/karst-poor (CRKP) environments. At the regional scale the location and distribution of KRCP and CRKP areas are not always systematically related to structural, lithological, topographic, or other controls. This study examines the relationship of KRCP and CRKP zones along the Kentucky River gorge area, where rapid incision in the last 1??5 million years has lowered local base levels and modified slopes on the edge of the inner bluegrass plateau. At the scale of detailed field mapping on foot within a 4 km2 area, the development of karst and fluvial features is controlled by highly localized structural and topographic constraints, and can be related to slope changes associated with retreat of the Kentucky River gorge escarpment. A conceptual model of karst/fluvial transitions is presented, which suggests that minor, localized variations are sufficient to trigger a karst-fluvial or fluvial-karst switch when critical slope thresholds are crossed. ?? 2004 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.1070","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J., Martin, L., Nordberg, V., and Andrews, W., 2004, Divergent evolution in fluviokarst landscapes of central Kentucky: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 29, no. 7, p. 799-819, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1070.","startPage":"799","endPage":"819","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208504,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1070"},{"id":234282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0349e4b0c8380cd503e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, J. D. 0000-0002-6459-2821","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":22366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, L.L.","contributorId":107637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordberg, V.G.","contributorId":107575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordberg","given":"V.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andrews, W.A. Jr.","contributorId":7145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"W.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1015164,"text":"1015164 - 2004 - Chemistry & migration mysteries: Fur holds clues to previous journeys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-21T16:26:53","indexId":"1015164","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":974,"text":"BATS Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry & migration mysteries: Fur holds clues to previous journeys","docAbstract":"<p><span>The bat was not only pregnant but downright angry as I snipped a bit of fur from her back. Within a few seconds, however, she flapped her powerful wings, took off from my hand and disappeared into the night, rejoining thousands of female hoary bats (<i>Lasiurus cinereus</i>) on their migration through the mountains of New Mexico.</span></p><p>Every spring, hundreds of these expectant mothers pass through this small stream drainage on their way to birthing grounds farther east. Their annual passage was first reported here more than 30 years ago, and it is still one of the few known migration corridors in the area.</p><p>My task that night was simple: catch hoary bats and snip tiny samples of fur from their thick coats, then let them continue on their way. The explanation, however, is a bit more complicated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bat Conservation International","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","usgsCitation":"Cryan, P.M., 2004, Chemistry & migration mysteries: Fur holds clues to previous journeys: BATS Magazine, v. 22, no. 3, p. 12-13.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14855,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.batcon.org/resources/media-education/bats-magazine/bat_article/4","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"1177.000000000000000"},{"id":133081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dee4b07f02db5e3151","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":2356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026141,"text":"70026141 - 2004 - Development of a consortium for water security and safety: Planning for an early warning system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026141","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of a consortium for water security and safety: Planning for an early warning system","docAbstract":"The events of September 11, 2001 have raised concerns over the safety and security of the Nation's critical infrastructure including water and waste water systems. In June 2002, the U.S. EPA's Region II Office (New York City), in response to concerns over water security, in collaboration with Rutgers University agreed to establish a Regional Drinking Water Security and Safety Consortium (RDWSSC). Members of the consortium include: Rutgers University's Center for Information Management, Integration and Connectivity (CIMIC), American Water (AW), the Passaic Valley Water Commission (PVWC), the North Jersey District Water Supply Commission (NJDWSC), the N.J. Department of Environmental Protection, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencies, Region II Office. In December of 2002 the consortium members signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to pursue activities to enhance regional water security. Development of an early warning system for source and distributed water was identified as being of primary importance by the consortium. In this context, an early warning system (EWS) is an integrated system of monitoring stations located at strategic points in a water utilities source waters or in its distribution system, designed to warn against contaminants that might threaten the health and welfare of drinking water consumers. This paper will discuss the consortium's progress in achieving these important objectives.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2004 World Water and Environmetal Resources Congress: Critical Transitions in Water and Environmetal Resources Management","conferenceTitle":"2004 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress: Critical Transitions in Water and Environmental Resources Management","conferenceDate":"27 June 2004 through 1 July 2004","conferenceLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","language":"English","isbn":"0784407371","usgsCitation":"Clark, R., Adam, N., Atluri, V., Halem, M., and Vowinkel, E., 2004, Development of a consortium for water security and safety: Planning for an early warning system, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 2004 World Water and Environmetal Resources Congress: Critical Transitions in Water and Environmetal Resources Management, Salt Lake City, UT, 27 June 2004 through 1 July 2004, p. 2168-2177.","startPage":"2168","endPage":"2177","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0036e4b0c8380cd4f641","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sehlke G.Hayes D.F.Stevens D.K.","contributorId":128420,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Sehlke G.Hayes D.F.Stevens D.K.","id":536578,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Clark, R.M.","contributorId":77338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adam, N.R.","contributorId":52373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adam","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atluri, V.","contributorId":87730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atluri","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halem, M.","contributorId":65264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halem","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vowinkel, E. F.","contributorId":90737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vowinkel","given":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026142,"text":"70026142 - 2004 - Multi-sensor analysis of urban ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:42:09","indexId":"70026142","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Multi-sensor analysis of urban ecosystems","docAbstract":"This study examines the synthesis of multiple space-based sensors to characterize the urban environment Single scene data (e.g., ASTER visible and near-IR surface reflectance, and land surface temperature data), multi-temporal data (e.g., one year of 16-day MODIS and AVHRR vegetation index data), and DMSP-OLS nighttime light data acquired in the early 1990s and 2000 were evaluated for urban ecosystem analysis. The advantages of a multi-sensor approach for the analysis of urban ecosystem processes are discussed.","largerWorkTitle":"A Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA Space 2004 Conference and Exposition","conferenceTitle":"A Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA Space 2004 Conference and Exposition","conferenceDate":"28 September 2004 through 30 September 2004","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","isbn":"1563477203","usgsCitation":"Gallo, K.P., and Ji, L., 2004, Multi-sensor analysis of urban ecosystems, <i>in</i> A Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA Space 2004 Conference and Exposition, v. 1, San Diego, CA, 28 September 2004 through 30 September 2004, p. 424-429.","startPage":"424","endPage":"429","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fc6e4b0c8380cd7111a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallo, Kevin P. kgallo@usgs.gov","contributorId":4200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"Kevin","email":"kgallo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":2832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":408095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182143,"text":"70182143 - 2004 - Xenobiotic impact on Arctic char:  Nutritional modulation and physiological consequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-16T15:00:30","indexId":"70182143","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Xenobiotic impact on Arctic char:  Nutritional modulation and physiological consequences","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"Maule, A., 2004, Xenobiotic impact on Arctic char:  Nutritional modulation and physiological consequences.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335780,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c83be4b025c4642862d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70027081,"text":"70027081 - 2004 - Stress field variations in the Swiss Alps and the northern Alpine foreland derived from inversion of fault plane solutions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-08T17:07:08.440213","indexId":"70027081","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress field variations in the Swiss Alps and the northern Alpine foreland derived from inversion of fault plane solutions","docAbstract":"<p><span>This study is devoted to a systematic analysis of the state of stress of the central European Alps and northern Alpine foreland in Switzerland based on focal mechanisms of 138 earthquakes with magnitudes between 1 and 5. The most robust feature of the results is that the azimuth of the minimum compressive stress, S</span><sub>3</sub><span>, is generally well constrained for all data subsets and always lies in the NE quadrant. However, within this quadrant, the orientation of S</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;changes systematically both along the structural strike of the Alpine chain and across it. The variation in stress along the mountain belt from NE to SW involves a progressive, counterclockwise rotation of S</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;and is most clear in the foreland, where it amounts to 45°–50°. This pattern of rotation is compatible with the disturbance to the stress field expected from the indentation of the Adriatic Block into the central European Plate, possibly together with buoyancy forces arising from the strongly arcuate structure of the Moho to the immediate west of our study area. Across the Alps, the variation in azimuth of S</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;is defined by a progressive, counterclockwise rotation of about 45° from the foreland in the north across the Helvetic domain to the Penninic nappes in the south and is accompanied by a change from a slight predominance of strike-slip mechanisms in the foreland to a strong predominance of normal faulting in the high parts of the Alps. The observed rotation can be explained by the perturbation of the large-scale regional stress by a local uniaxial deviatoric tension with a magnitude similar to that of the regional differential stress and with an orientation perpendicular to the strike of the Alpine belt. The tensile nature and orientation of this stress is consistent with the “spreading” stress expected from lateral density changes due to a crustal root beneath the Alps.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002550","usgsCitation":"Kastrup, U., Zoback, M., Deichmann, N., Evans, K.F., Giardini, D., and Michael, A., 2004, Stress field variations in the Swiss Alps and the northern Alpine foreland derived from inversion of fault plane solutions: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 1, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002550.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489818,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jb002550","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Switzerland","otherGeospatial":"European Alps","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              5.954589843750009,\n              46.14939437647684\n            ],\n            [\n              7.558593750000009,\n              45.67548217560647\n            ],\n            [\n              7.91015625000001,\n              45.95114968669138\n            ],\n            [\n              8.81103515625,\n              45.93587062119052\n            ],\n            [\n              9.6240234375,\n              46.118941506107056\n            ],\n            [\n              10.59082031250001,\n              46.437856895024204\n            ],\n            [\n              10.722656250000009,\n              46.93526088057716\n            ],\n            [\n              10.085449218750009,\n              47.368594345213374\n            ],\n            [\n              8.679199218750009,\n              47.82790816919329\n            ],\n            [\n              6.569824218750009,\n              47.23448963529916\n            ],\n            [\n              5.954589843750009,\n              46.14939437647684\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-01-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b59e4b08c986b31ce04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kastrup, U.","contributorId":49966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kastrup","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zoback, M.L.","contributorId":12982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deichmann, N.","contributorId":92028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deichmann","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, Kenneth F.","contributorId":53755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Giardini, D.","contributorId":41174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giardini","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1001061,"text":"1001061 - 2004 - Factors affecting the evolution of coastal wetlands of the Laurentian Great Lakes: An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T12:47:59","indexId":"1001061","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting the evolution of coastal wetlands of the Laurentian Great Lakes: An overview","docAbstract":"<p><span>Coastal wetlands play a pivotal role in the Great Lakes ecosystem. As buffer zones between the land and open waters of the Great Lakes, they perform a variety of essential functions providing both direct and indirect anthropogenic benefits. Geology, morphology and climate are the dominant variables that influence Laurentian Great Lakes wetland development. However, anthropogenic factors are the major contributors to alteration of natural wetland processes. This paper provides an overview of natural and anthropogenic factors important in Great Lakes coastal wetland development and provides statistical information describing the Great Lakes Basin. A brief description of wetlands classification and research issues is also presented.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634980490461506","usgsCitation":"Mayer, T., Edsall, T., and Munawar, M., 2004, Factors affecting the evolution of coastal wetlands of the Laurentian Great Lakes: An overview: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 7, no. 2, p. 171-178, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980490461506.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"178","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f87ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mayer, T.","contributorId":29353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edsall, T.","contributorId":8792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munawar, M.","contributorId":79835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munawar","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026145,"text":"70026145 - 2004 - Using counts to simultaneously estimate abundance and detection probabilities in a salamander community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026145","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using counts to simultaneously estimate abundance and detection probabilities in a salamander community","docAbstract":"A critical variable in both ecological and conservation field studies is determining how many individuals of a species are present within a defined sampling area. Labor intensive techniques such as capture-mark-recapture and removal sampling may provide estimates of abundance, but there are many logistical constraints to their widespread application. Many studies on terrestrial and aquatic salamanders use counts as an index of abundance, assuming that detection remains constant while sampling. If this constancy is violated, determination of detection probabilities is critical to the accurate estimation of abundance. Recently, a model was developed that provides a statistical approach that allows abundance and detection to be estimated simultaneously from spatially and temporally replicated counts. We adapted this model to estimate these parameters for salamanders sampled over a six vear period in area-constrained plots in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Estimates of salamander abundance varied among years, but annual changes in abundance did not vary uniformly among species. Except for one species, abundance estimates were not correlated with site covariates (elevation/soil and water pH, conductivity, air and water temperature). The uncertainty in the estimates was so large as to make correlations ineffectual in predicting which covariates might influence abundance. Detection probabilities also varied among species and sometimes among years for the six species examined. We found such a high degree of variation in our counts and in estimates of detection among species, sites, and years as to cast doubt upon the appropriateness of using count data to monitor population trends using a small number of area-constrained survey plots. Still, the model provided reasonable estimates of abundance that could make it useful in estimating population size from count surveys.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00180831","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C., and Dorazio, R., 2004, Using counts to simultaneously estimate abundance and detection probabilities in a salamander community: Herpetologica, v. 60, no. 4, p. 468-478.","startPage":"468","endPage":"478","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc042e4b08c986b32a007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015209,"text":"1015209 - 2004 - Mixing physical habitat and streamflow time series analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-28T10:11:10","indexId":"1015209","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1921,"text":"Hydroécologie Appliquée","onlineIssn":"1958-556X","printIssn":"1147-9213","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mixing physical habitat and streamflow time series analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Four observations from two case studies are presented: physical habitat analysis of the Virgin River in southwestern Utah and upper Animas Basin in southwestern Colorado. The Virgin River is usually considered a sand bed river. Cross-sectional measurements, made at three streamflows, show there was considerable change in the channel between the times of the three sets of measurements. First observation: it is important to keep the three sets of data as individual data sets. Second observation: the channel index is not fixed in a river with a moveable-bed and changes affect understanding of the aquatic system. The Animas River has a wide range of streamflows and high metals toxicity. Both winter and spring discharges may limit trout populations. Third observation: (from Animas River) habitat time series analysis should be done with a model that specifically links physical habitat relations and streamflows. Fourth observation: annual time series of habitat suitability considering metals toxicity can be generated. Considering the third and fourth observation together leads to the secondary observation that the hydraulic and stream flow conditions that favor one species may not be as good for the species favored by the water quality conditions. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecosciences","doi":"10.1051/hydro:2004005","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R., 2004, Mixing physical habitat and streamflow time series analysis: Hydroécologie Appliquée, v. 14, no. 1, p. 69-91, https://doi.org/10.1051/hydro:2004005.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"91","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/hydro:2004005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, R.T.","contributorId":106845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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