The Alaska Volcano Observatory responded to eruptions, volcanic unrest or suspected unrest, increased seismicity, and other significant activity at 17 volcanic centers in Alaska in 2019. The most notable volcanic activity was an eruption of Shishaldin Volcano, featuring eruptive activity that produced lava flows, lahars, and ash. Weak explosive activity also took place at Great Sitkin Volcano and Semisopochnoi Island. Mount Cleveland had one small ash-producing eruption followed by dome growth in early January but was quiet thereafter, and flank activity at Shrub mud volcano produced new mud deposits. Other activity documented in 2019 consists of declining unrest at Mount Veniaminof after its 2018 eruption; large ice and rock avalanches at Iliamna Volcano and Mount Spurr; anomalous seismicity and an increase in degassing at Pavlof Volcano; long-term inflation at Westdahl volcano, Akutan Volcano, and Mount Okmok; steam plumes and anomalous seismicity at Makushin Volcano; elevated seismicity at Mount Martin; and resuspended ash from the 1912 Novarupta-Katmai eruption deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235039","programNote":"The Alaska Volcano Observatory is a consortium between the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, and the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys","usgsCitation":"Orr, T.R., Cameron, C.E., Dietterich, H.R., Dixon, J.P., Enders, M.L., Grapenthin, R., Iezzi, A.M., Loewen, M.W., Power, J.A., Searcy, C., Tepp, G., Toney, L., Waythomas, C.F., and Wech, A.G., 2023, 2019 Volcanic activity in Alaska—Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5039, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235039.","productDescription":"ix, 64 p.","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-120154","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science 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U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
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Timing of seasonal bird migrations is broadly determined by internal biological clocks, which are synchronized by photoperiod, but individuals often refine their migratory timing decisions in response to external factors. Using 11 years of satellite telemetry data, we show that Pacific Barrow’s Goldeneye (Bucephala islandica), at higher latitudes, initiated spring and molt migrations later and fall migration earlier than individuals at lower latitudes. We further show that individuals refined migratory timing in response to interannual variation in environmental conditions. Individual Barrow’s Goldeneye initiated spring migration earlier in years with warmer springs at their overwintering locations and concluded spring migration earlier in years with earlier annual snow melt on their breeding grounds. Because individuals respond to conditions both where they initiate and where they conclude spring migration, our results suggest that Barrow’s Goldeneye update their migratory decisions en route. For all three migrations in their annual cycle, birds delayed initiating migration if they had been captured and tagged prior to that migration. Birds that initiated migration late for their latitude were less likely to include a stopover and completed that migration faster, partially compensating for delayed departures. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that Barrow’s Goldeneye use a combination of endogenous cues and environmental cues in migratory decision making. Sensitivity to environmental cues suggests that Barrow’s Goldeneye may have behavioural plasticity that is adaptive when faced with ongoing climate change.
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In some areas, cats occur in higher densities than native mammalian predators and can have severe effects upon prey populations. We set 48 wildlife game cameras in residential yards in Arkansas, USA, to evaluate which landscape and yard features influenced cat abundance occurring in yards. In addition, we quantified the daily activity patterns of free-roaming cats and explored how habitat features or predator activity influenced the timing of cat activity. We found that cats were present in 70.8% of yards with an average of three recognizable individuals per yard. Abundance of cats was higher than all native mesopredators except for raccoon (Procyon lotor) and Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana). Cat abundance and minimum population decreased when forest cover was high within 400 m of the camera. Cats were active at all times of the day but tended to be more diurnal in areas closer to city centers or in agricultural settings. Conversely, cats were more nocturnal later in the summer and in areas that had high levels of predator activity. Our results indicate that cats are widespread in this region and their relative abundance is driven more by landscape features than by yard features, possibly due to their large home ranges. Cats may alter their activity to better coexist with predators. Alteration in yard features is unlikely to be an effective deterrent for cats and more direct control measures may be necessary.
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Today that record is at risk in many river valleys owing to human resource and infrastructure development activities, including the construction and operation of dams. We assessed the effects of the operations of Glen Canyon Dam – which, since its closure in 1963, has imposed drastic changes to flow, sediment supply and distribution, and riparian vegetation – on a population of 362 archaeological sites in the Colorado River corridor through Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA. We leverage 50 years of evidence from aerial photographs and more than 30 years of field observations and measurements of archaeological-site topography and wind patterns to evaluate changes in the physical integrity of archaeological sites using two geomorphology-based site classification systems. We find that most archaeological sites are eroding; moreover, most are at increased risk of continuing to erode, due to six decades of operations of Glen Canyon Dam. Results show that the wind-driven (aeolian) supply of river-sourced sand, essential for covering archaeological sites and protecting them from erosion, has decreased for most sites since 1973 owing to effects of long-term dam operations on river sediment supply and riparian vegetation expansion on sandbars. Results show that the proportion of sites affected by erosion from gullies controlled by the local base-level of the Colorado River has increased since 2000. These changes to landscape processes affecting archaeological site integrity limit the ability of the National Park Service and Grand Canyon-affiliated Native American Tribes to achieve environmental management goals to maintain or improve site integrity in situ. We identify three environmental management opportunities that could be used to a greater extent to decrease the risk of erosion and increase the potential for in-situ preservation of archaeological sites. Environmental management opportunities are: 1) sediment-rich controlled river floods to increase the aeolian supply of river-sourced sand, 2) extended periods of low river flow to increase the aeolian supply of river-sourced sand, 3) the removal of riparian vegetation barriers to the aeolian transport of river-sourced sand.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118036","usgsCitation":"Sankey, J., East, A.E., Fairley, H.C., Caster, J., Dierker, J., Brennan, E., Pilkington, L., Bransky, N., and Kasprak, A., 2023, Archaeological sites in Grand Canyon National Park along the Colorado River are eroding owing to six decades of Glen Canyon Dam operations: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 342, 118036, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118036.","productDescription":"118036, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-148201","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9X9ZDPK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Aeolian and drainage classification data for various archaeological sites in Grand Canyon National Park along the Colorado 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The Buff-breasted Sandpiper Calidris subruficollis (BBSA) is a long-distance migratory shorebird that breeds in the Arctic and migrates to south-eastern South America, wintering in the grasslands of southern Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Most studies of Nearctic migratory species occur in the Northern Hemisphere, but monitoring these species at non-breeding areas is crucial for conservation during this phase of the annual cycle. Our first objective was to estimate trends of BBSA at four key areas in southern Brazil during the non-breeding season. We surveyed for BBSA and measured vegetation height in most years from 2008/09 to 2019/20. We used hierarchical distance sampling models in which BBSA abundance and density were modelled as a function of vegetation height and corrected for detectability. Next, we used on-the-ground surveys combined with satellite imagery and habitat classification models to estimate BBSA population size in 2019/20 at two major non-breeding areas. We found that abundance and density were negatively affected by increasing vegetation height. Abundance fluctuated five- to eight-fold over the study period, with peaks in the middle of the study (2014/15). We estimated the BBSA wintering population size as 1,201 (95% credible interval [CI]: 637–1,946) birds in Torotama Island and 2,232 (95% CI: 1,199–3,584) in Lagoa do Peixe National Park during the 2019/20 austral summer. Although no pronounced trend was detected, BBSA abundance fluctuated greatly from year to year. Our results demonstrate that only two of the four key areas hold high densities of BBSA and highlight the positive effect of short grass on BBSA numbers. Short-grass coastal habitats used by BBSA are strongly influenced by livestock grazing and climate, and are expected to shrink in size with future development and climatic changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0959270923000138","usgsCitation":"Faria, F.A., Dias, R.A., Bencke, G.A., Bugoni, L., Senner, N.R., de Almeida, J.B., Nunes, G.T., Goncalves, M.S., and Lyons, J.E., 2023, Trends and population estimate of the threatened Buff-breasted Sandpiper Calidris subruficollis wintering in coastal grasslands of southern Brazil: Bird Conservation International, v. 33, E61, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959270923000138.","productDescription":"E61","ipdsId":"IP-142704","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959270923000138","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":416985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -60.77695507264201,\n -13.683502819060962\n ],\n [\n -60.40996260369877,\n -14.909591256233085\n ],\n [\n -60.87185350805987,\n -15.027922493575218\n ],\n [\n -60.421717455784744,\n -15.793878465167978\n ],\n [\n -60.31820483771607,\n -16.458481584881895\n ],\n [\n -58.45560442737347,\n -16.51321002369761\n ],\n [\n -58.61142488713884,\n -16.83292767261021\n ],\n [\n -58.621149412967,\n -17.410419061953476\n ],\n [\n -57.90764288680549,\n -17.688781002929105\n ],\n [\n -57.804952913735264,\n -18.301542226702836\n ],\n [\n -58.45177581347305,\n -19.991992335870506\n ],\n [\n -58.17918379820526,\n -21.172257470653705\n ],\n [\n -58.13894233105039,\n -22.308244344409047\n ],\n [\n -56.44202850402753,\n -22.309010878743976\n ],\n [\n -55.83478573634984,\n -22.671578013706252\n ],\n [\n -55.73872032650503,\n -23.73500105442895\n ],\n [\n -55.39792999495036,\n -24.19980337934183\n ],\n [\n -54.504968755427825,\n -24.170492148825673\n ],\n [\n -54.95654250650723,\n -25.987063385998113\n ],\n [\n -54.16650178578398,\n -25.882887425378343\n ],\n [\n -53.93205611883786,\n -26.350058257452915\n ],\n [\n -54.13481113387384,\n -27.071087254019545\n ],\n [\n -54.65713578308271,\n -27.32305262584118\n ],\n [\n -55.71856702530606,\n -28.04537562662629\n ],\n [\n -56.98419039575991,\n -29.139032454022647\n ],\n [\n -57.71788495612783,\n -30.40425550180283\n ],\n [\n -56.87162516119302,\n -30.298995369560764\n ],\n [\n -56.25868501308689,\n -30.681336779474925\n ],\n [\n -56.07274148809425,\n -31.32950032779661\n ],\n [\n -55.477540456119584,\n -31.255941836581634\n ],\n [\n -54.09086260386066,\n -32.02796728559639\n ],\n [\n -53.363246775040594,\n -32.84620306428938\n ],\n [\n -53.66659159426095,\n -33.20064203193129\n ],\n [\n -53.71146701240836,\n -33.677078101433956\n ],\n [\n -53.13952197582502,\n -33.99721220169094\n ],\n [\n -51.60640741711376,\n -32.29618881263966\n ],\n [\n -49.37110391475994,\n -29.39138716572444\n ],\n [\n -48.0686465849609,\n -28.33445566932079\n ],\n [\n -48.30640536021008,\n -26.51245978664128\n ],\n [\n -48.02355737383431,\n -25.81976372023985\n ],\n [\n -46.77286919147906,\n -24.56264859602885\n ],\n [\n -44.908744531234674,\n -23.99026157200113\n ],\n [\n -43.780269660579336,\n -23.216551088927858\n ],\n [\n -41.98058675482065,\n -23.226107770989387\n ],\n [\n -40.79963409756431,\n -22.201047767442745\n ],\n [\n -40.59293897504807,\n -21.198192442660428\n ],\n [\n -39.38092438909058,\n -19.661004182080035\n ],\n [\n -39.41361452884047,\n -18.626920311800276\n ],\n [\n -38.92933849707936,\n -18.018484561978028\n ],\n [\n -39.07586325001182,\n -17.06759295481484\n ],\n [\n -38.68252654470709,\n -15.956495237306854\n ],\n [\n -38.79112416644938,\n -15.281381549101596\n ],\n [\n -38.55240505153833,\n -13.81264386820773\n ],\n [\n -60.77695507264201,\n -13.683502819060962\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faria, Fernando A.","contributorId":305331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faria","given":"Fernando","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":66210,"text":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dias, Rafael A.","contributorId":189643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dias","given":"Rafael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bencke, Glayson A.","contributorId":189648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bencke","given":"Glayson","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bugoni, Leandro","contributorId":196178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bugoni","given":"Leandro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Senner, Nathan R.","contributorId":140465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Senner","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"de Almeida, Juliana Bose","contributorId":189645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Almeida","given":"Juliana","middleInitial":"Bose","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nunes, Guilherme Tavares","contributorId":305332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nunes","given":"Guilherme","email":"","middleInitial":"Tavares","affiliations":[{"id":66211,"text":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goncalves, Maycon S. S.","contributorId":305333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goncalves","given":"Maycon","email":"","middleInitial":"S. S.","affiliations":[{"id":66213,"text":"University of Castilla La Mancha","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lyons, James E. 0000-0002-9810-8751","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9810-8751","contributorId":222844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70243565,"text":"70243565 - 2023 - Monitoring status and trends in genetic diversity for the Convention on Biological Diversity: An ongoing assessment of genetic indicators in nine countries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-11T16:01:38.891752","indexId":"70243565","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-12T07:21:04","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1326,"text":"Conservation Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring status and trends in genetic diversity for the Convention on Biological Diversity: An ongoing assessment of genetic indicators in nine countries","docAbstract":"Recent scientific evidence shows that genetic diversity must be maintained, managed, and monitored to protect biodiversity and nature's contributions to people. Three genetic diversity indicators, two of which do not require DNA-based assessment, have been proposed for reporting to the Convention on Biological Diversity and other conservation and policy initiatives. These indicators allow an approximation of the status and trends of genetic diversity to inform policy, using existing demographic and geographic information. Application of these indicators has been initiated and here we describe ongoing efforts in calculating these indicators with examples. We specifically describe a project underway to apply these indicators in nine countries, provide example calculations, address concerns of policy makers and implementation challenges, and describe a roadmap for further development and deployment, incorporating feedback from the broader community. We also present guidance documents and data collection tools for calculating indicators. We demonstrate that Parties can successfully and cost-effectively report these genetic diversity indicators with existing biodiversity observation data, and, in doing so, better conserve the Earth's biodiversity.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/conl.12953","usgsCitation":"Hoban, S.M., da Silva, J.M., Mastretta-Yanes, A., Grueber, C.E., Heuertz, M., Hunter, M., Mergeay, J., Paz-Vinas, I., Fukaya, K., Ishihama, F., Jordan, R., Koppa, V., Latorre-Cardenas, M.C., MacDonald, A.J., Rincon-Parra, V., Sjogren-Gulve, P., Tani, N., Thurfjell, H., and Laikre, L., 2023, Monitoring status and trends in genetic diversity for the Convention on Biological Diversity: An ongoing assessment of genetic indicators in nine countries: Conservation Letters, v. 16, no. 3, e12953, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12953.","productDescription":"e12953, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-145577","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research 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2023 - Facing our freshwater crisis via fluid and agile communication: A grand challenge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-23T15:55:54.410111","indexId":"70256599","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-11T10:52:36","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":18328,"text":"Frontiers in Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Facing our freshwater crisis via fluid and agile communication: A grand challenge","title":"Facing our freshwater crisis via fluid and agile communication: A grand challenge","docAbstract":"Earth has been labeled the blue planet because of its abundance of water that covers most of its surface, but the majority is salt water in our oceans. Oceans account for ~352 million km2 or 69% of the planet's surface, land for 150 million km2 or 29%, and fresh water for 9 million km2 or 2% (Shiklomanov, 2000). Most of the fresh water is locked away in glaciers and ice sheets on Greenland and Antarctica, with less than a third accessible to biota (Shiklomanov, 2000). This miniscule fraction of fresh water is our most precious natural resource, the foundation for life in terrestrial environments, and humanity depends on it, but the resource faces enormous threats. My aim in this brief editorial is to define the freshwater resource, succinctly summarize the major threats it faces, and underscore recent calls for conservation. My review is cursory, but I call attention to various recent exhaustive reviews. I end with my views on how journals can help advance global freshwater conservation efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/ffwsc.2023.1068115","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L.E., 2023, Facing our freshwater crisis via fluid and agile communication: A grand challenge: Frontiers in Freshwater Science, v. 1, 1068115, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/ffwsc.2023.1068115.","productDescription":"1068115, 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-145450","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffwsc.2023.1068115","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70243296,"text":"70243296 - 2023 - Retrospective on lessons learned from the Chesapeake Bay Program strategy review system’s 3rd cycle with suggested adaptations to address the issues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T14:49:14.441206","indexId":"70243296","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-11T09:44:46","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Retrospective on lessons learned from the Chesapeake Bay Program strategy review system’s 3rd cycle with suggested adaptations to address the issues","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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potential health implications of contaminant mixtures in linked source water, finished drinking water, and tapwater from public-supply drinking water systems in Minneapolis/St. Paul area, USA","docAbstract":"Continued improvements in drinking-water quality characterization and treatment/distribution infrastructure are required to address the expanding number of documented environmental contaminants. To better understand the variability in contaminant exposures from the drinking water resource (surface and groundwater), through the distribution process, to the point-of-use (tapwater), in 2019 a synoptic assessment of broad chemical exposures was conducted in system-specific source waters, finished drinking water and service-area tapwater from 10 drinking water treatment facilities in the greater Minneapolis/St. Paul area of Minnesota, United States. Source water, finished water (collected pre-distribution in the treatment facility), and tapwater samples were analyzed for 465 unique organic compounds, 34 inorganic constituents, and 3 field parameters as well as in vitro estrogen, androgen, and glucocorticoid bioactivities. Mixtures of organic and inorganic contaminants were prevalent in source water, finished water, and tapwater samples, indicating the continued need for broad assessments of mixed contaminant exposures to characterize potential drinking-water human health outcomes. Contaminant concentrations were similar among drinking water sources and no exceedances of Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level(s) (MCL) were observed in any treated sample (finished water or tapwater) in this study. No treated sample contained estrogenic, androgenic, or glucocorticoid activity at concentrations that may cause adverse human health effects. However, there were multiple exceedances of non-enforceable MCL goal(s) (MCLG), and other health advisories combined with frequent exceedances of benchmark-based hazard indices in both finished water and tapwater samples. These results indicate that exposure to contaminant mixtures is a potential public health concern underscoring our continued efforts to assess contaminant mixture exposures at the drinking-water point of consumption using a broad analytical scope.
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Two surveys were completed at each plot between March 1 and July 31. Cactus Wrens were detected in 214 plots (42 percent of plots). Cactus Wrens were detected in 31 percent of plots that have been consistently surveyed since 2020, indicating less plot occupancy than in 2021 (34 percent) and 2020 (35 percent). There were 202 Cactus Wren territories detected across all survey plots in 2022. In plots that have been consistently surveyed since 2020, we documented 94 territories, which is a decrease from 113 territories in 2021 and 109 in 2020. The number of territories declined from 2021 to 2022 in the Lake Jennings and Otay genetic clusters but remained virtually the same in the Sweetwater/Encanto genetic cluster. At least 78 percent of Cactus Wren territories were occupied by pairs, and 134 fledglings were observed in 2022.
We observed 24 banded Cactus Wrens in 2022, 20 of which we could identify individually by band combination. Adults of known age ranged from 3 to at least 7 years old. All individually identifiable adult Cactus Wrens remained on the same territory in 2022 that they occupied in 2021, and we detected no movement of banded Cactus Wrens between genetic clusters.
Vegetation at Cactus Wren survey plots was dominated by coastal sage scrub shrubs, such as California sagebrush (Artemisia californica), California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), lemonadeberry (Rhus integrifolia), jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis), and San Diego sunflower (Bahiopsis laciniata). No definitive signs of fungal pathogens were observed on cactus within and around survey plots. Blue elderberry (Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea) was detected at 39 percent of plots, and Cactus Wrens occupied proportionally more plots with elderberry than plots without elderberry. Very little dead or unhealthy cactus was observed within all survey plots, and the plots that were occupied by Cactus Wrens were likely to contain fewer dead cactus than plots that were not occupied by Cactus Wrens. Almost 80 percent of plots had more than 5 percent of cactus crowded or overtopped by vines and shrubs. Similar to 2020, Cactus Wrens occupied proportionally more plots with 5 percent or less of cactus crowded or overtopped by vines and shrubs, although this pattern was not observed in 2021. Non-native annual cover was less prevalent in survey plots in 2022 than in 2021, and Cactus Wrens did not preferentially occupy survey plots with 5 percent or less non-native annual cover than plots with more non-native cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dr1174","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Lynn, S., and Kus, B.E., 2023, Distribution and demography of coastal Cactus Wrens (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus) in San Diego County, California—2022 data summary: U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1174, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1174.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 14 p.; Data Release","ipdsId":"IP-147306","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416926,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/dr1174/full"},{"id":416920,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76H4FK5","text":"Surveys and monitoring of Coastal Cactus Wrens in southern San Diego County (ver. 3.0, May 2023)","description":"Kus, B.E., and Lynn, 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Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Chesapeake Bay Program","usgsCitation":"Easton, Z., Stephenson, K., Benham, B., Bohlke, J., Buda, A., Collick, A., Fowler, L., Gilinsky, E., Hershner, C., Miller, A., Noe, G.E., Palm-Forster, L., and Thompson, T., 2023, Evaluation of management efforts to reduce nutrient and sediment contributions to the Chesapeake Bay estuary, 55 p.","productDescription":"55 p.","ipdsId":"IP-148824","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":416960,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.chesapeake.org/stac/cesr/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.08862293437461,\n 36.85462381207931\n ],\n [\n -75.92180390988723,\n 37.13512127827683\n ],\n [\n -75.94814375585872,\n 37.330853236821056\n ],\n [\n -75.77254478271404,\n 37.637404044844075\n ],\n [\n -75.52670622031113,\n 37.921920038222424\n ],\n [\n -75.67596534748432,\n 38.08795738112141\n ],\n [\n -75.70230519345583,\n 38.24672343892922\n ],\n [\n -75.77254478271404,\n 38.46703963112793\n ],\n [\n -75.92180390988723,\n 38.43265942812687\n ],\n [\n -76.16764247228961,\n 38.515144391749516\n ],\n [\n -76.01838334511692,\n 38.63183648157502\n ],\n [\n -76.06228308840309,\n 39.01489183021451\n ],\n [\n -75.97448360183076,\n 39.15119747459073\n ],\n [\n -76.02716329377375,\n 39.314416409123254\n ],\n [\n -75.74620493674254,\n 39.35516180395621\n ],\n [\n -75.62328565554083,\n 39.58560358402673\n ],\n [\n -76.06228308840309,\n 39.65999480273922\n ],\n [\n -76.65053964843808,\n 39.26685010791874\n ],\n [\n -76.67687949440958,\n 38.96029585189348\n ],\n [\n -76.61541985380924,\n 38.535750885152225\n ],\n [\n -76.49250057260753,\n 38.4120234446398\n ],\n [\n -76.46616072663605,\n 38.219136793785225\n ],\n [\n -77.11587692727186,\n 38.52888270963214\n ],\n [\n -77.14221677324335,\n 38.30186532951774\n ],\n [\n -76.31690159946282,\n 37.866490737589075\n ],\n [\n -76.57152011052307,\n 37.49125260960112\n ],\n [\n -76.55396021320838,\n 37.2050838766676\n ],\n [\n -76.36958129140633,\n 36.94589895207123\n ],\n [\n -76.08862293437461,\n 36.85462381207931\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Easton, Z.","contributorId":305299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Easton","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, K.","contributorId":305300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stephenson","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benham, B.","contributorId":305301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benham","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - 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2023 - Achieving water quality goals in the Chesapeake Bay: A comprehensive evaluation of system response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-11T12:52:47.792769","indexId":"70243537","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-11T07:37:03","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesNumber":"23-006","title":"Achieving water quality goals in the Chesapeake Bay: A comprehensive evaluation of system response","docAbstract":"A Comprehensive Evaluation of System Response
Achieving Water Quality Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: A Comprehensive Evaluation of System Response (CESR) includes an evaluation of why progress toward meeting the TMDL and water quality standards has been slower than expected and offers options for how progress can be accelerated. This report is a summation of a three year investigation into the 40 year effort to reduce nutrient loads to Chesapeake Bay.
History
The effort began as a STAC independent initiative in March 2019, after Kurt Stephenson, Zach Easton, and Brian Benham proposed the idea of a report that would identify gaps and uncertainties in system response—physical, chemical, biological, and socioeconomic—that impact efforts designed to attain water quality standards in Chesapeake Bay. As STAC Chair at the time, Benham facilitated the development of a collaborative process that would engage the entire committee. As a first step in approaching the long causal chain that links management actions to their eventual impact on water quality and living resources, workgroups were formed around the subsystems of this chain: nutrient and sediment reductions (watershed), water quality response to nutrient and sediment reductions (estuary) and living resource response to water quality (living resources). Each of these workgroups generated an independent document with a self-determined scope (i.e., workgroups were afforded flexibility to address issues beyond the original objectives). Because the content of each document was both unique and substantial, STAC chose to publish them as stand-alone documents with authorship attribution.
In the second step, a steering committee developed a series of framing questions to guide the preparation of this report that would meet the objective of identifying gaps and uncertainties in achieving the Bay TMDL and water quality standards. Coeditors Stephenson and Wardrop, supported to great extent by a subgroup of the Steering Committee (Leonard Shabman, Zach Easton, Jeremy Testa, William Dennison, Kenny Rose, and Mark Monaco) were tasked with assembling ideas and contributions to write a single draft text, drawing material from the aforementioned resource documents, STAC and Chesapeake Bay Program reports, the scientific literature, and a limited amount of additional analyses performed in collaboration with Bay Program scientists. The resulting report was then submitted for several reviews by both steering committee members and the membership at-large to produce a consensus report.
The Colorado River is often referred to as “the lifeblood of the west.” The basin supplies municipal water to nearly 40 million people and irrigates approximately 22,000 km2 of agricultural lands. Twenty-two major rivers converge with the Colorado after it begins its descent from the Rocky Mountains and winds through the plateaus of Colorado, Utah, and Arizona, onto the deserts of southwestern Arizona, and finally into the Gulf of California, where inflows from the Río Hardy and Río Sonoyta in Mexico complete the drainage. The mainstem Colorado, Green, Yampa, Little Colorado, and Yampa Rivers are described in further detail in the 2005 edition (Blinn and Poff, 2005) of this book. In this edition, we discuss seven other major tributaries in the Colorado River basin: the Gunnison, San Juan, Virgin, Bill Williams, Verde, Black, and Salt Rivers. The water quality and quantity, flora and fauna, and sediment and organic loads of each of these tributaries uniquely alter the mainstem Colorado River and the habitat it provides. Thus, understanding the hydrology, ecology, and human use of these tributaries is critical toward understanding both the complex history and present-day management of the Colorado River Basin as a whole.
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Morgan 0000-0001-5104-9566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5104-9566","contributorId":221740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"Morgan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennedy, Theodore 0000-0003-3477-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-3629","contributorId":221741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Theodore","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70245602,"text":"70245602 - 2023 - Prevalence of Ophidiomyces ophidiicola and epizootiology of snake fungal disease in free-ranging Northern Pine Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus) in New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-06T10:47:41.764556","indexId":"70245602","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-11T06:58:19","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Prevalence of Ophidiomyces ophidiicola and epizootiology of snake fungal disease in free-ranging Northern Pine Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus) in New Jersey","title":"Prevalence of Ophidiomyces ophidiicola and epizootiology of snake fungal disease in free-ranging Northern Pine Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus) in New Jersey","docAbstract":"Snake fungal disease, caused by Ophidiomyces ophidiicola, is recognized as a potential concern for North American snakes. We tested skin swabs from Northern Pine Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus) in the New Jersey pinelands for the presence of O. ophidiicola before emergence from hibernation. We used qPCR to test the collected swabs for the presence of O. ophidiicola, then determined pathogen prevalence as a function of sampling year, sampling location (skin lesion, healthy ventral skin, healthy head skin) sex, and age. There were no temporal trends in O. ophidiicola detection percentages on snakes, which varied from 58 to 83% in different years. Ophidiomyces ophidiicola detection on snakes was highest in swabs of skin lesions (71%) and lowest in head swabs (29%). Males had higher prevalence than females (82% versus 62%). The fungus was not detected in hatchling snakes (age 0) in the fall, but 75% of juveniles tested positive at the end of hibernation (age 1 year). We also screened hibernacula soil samples for the presence of O. ophidiicola. Where snakes hibernated, 69% of soil samples were positive for O. ophidiicola, and 85% of snakes lying on positive soil samples also tested positive for the pathogen. Although a high proportion of snakes (73%) tested positive for O. ophidiicola during our 4-year study, the snakes appeared healthy except for small skin lesions. We conclude that O. ophidiicola prevalence is high on hibernating Northern Pine Snakes and in the hibernacula soil, with a strong association between snakes and positive adjacent soil. This is the first demonstration that snakes likely become infected during hibernation.
Knowing subsurface drainage (tile-drain) extent is integral to understanding how landscapes respond to precipitation events and subsequent days of drying, as well as how soil characteristics and land management influence stream response. Consequently, a time series of tile-drain extent would inform one aspect of land management that complicates our ability to explain streamflow and water-quality as a function of climate variability or conservation management. We trained a UNet machine-learning model, a convolutional neural network designed to highlight objects of interest within an image, to delineate tile-drain networks in panchromatic satellite imagery without additional data on soils, topography, or historical tile-drain extent. This was done by training the model to match the accuracy of human experts manually tracing the surface representation of tile drains in satellite imagery. Our approach began with a library of images that were used to train and quantify the accuracy of the model, with model performance tested on imagery from two areas that were not used to train the model. Satellite imagery included acquisition dates from 2008 to 2020. Training imagery was from agricultural areas within the US Great Lakes basin. Validation imagery was from the upper Maumee River, tributary to western Lake Erie, and an Indiana, Ohio-River headwater tributary. Our analysis of the satellite imagery paired with meteorological and soil data found that during spring, a combination of relatively high solar radiation, intermediate soil-water content and bare fields enabled the best model performance. Each area of interest was heavily tile-drained, where better understanding the movement of water, nutrients, and sediment from fields to downstream water bodies is key to managing harmful algal blooms and hypoxia. The trained UNet model successfully identified tile drains visible in the validation imagery with an accuracy of 93%–96% and balanced accuracy of 52%–54%, similar to performance for training data (95% and 63%, respectively). Model performance will benefit from ongoing contributions to the training library.
This paper describes the results of a study that was done by the USGS to assess recent (2017) water availability, forecast long-term trends in water availability, assess changes in water availability, and forecast future water availability in the Trinity River Basin in Texas. The Trinity River Basin surface water model and Trinity River alluvium aquifer (TRAA) groundwater model were created to evaluate future conditions under different global climate models (GCM). The results of this study show minimal overall changes in water availability for both surface water and groundwater. Trend analyses using historical data (1900–2017) indicated an increase of annual precipitation on the watersheds that drain into the reservoirs in Regional Water Planning Group C. However, the Trinity River Basin surface water model GCM ensemble mean annual precipitation indicates a downward trend, resulting in a downward trend in surface runoff. Additionally, the GCM ensemble mean for the Trinity River Basin surface water model and the TRAA groundwater model both indicate a downward trend in recharge while the TRAA model GCM ensemble mean indicates an upward trend in the amount of groundwater leaving the aquifer to rivers and streams resulting in an upward trend of cumulative storage change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas Water Journal","doi":"10.21423/twj.v14i1.7146","usgsCitation":"Milmo, M.J., McDowell, J., Yesildirek, M.V., and Harwell, G.R., 2023, The use of historical data and global climate models to assess historical and future surface water and groundwater availability in the Trinity River Basin in Texas: Texas Water Journal, v. 14, p. 34-61, https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v14i1.7146.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"61","ipdsId":"IP-126619","costCenters":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443587,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/twj.v14i1.7146","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BVOEJ3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hydrologic simulations using projected climate data as input to the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) for the Trinity River Basin Integrated Water Availability Assessment, Texas, 2023"},{"id":435341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XO5F9G","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model used to assess historical and future trends in groundwater availability in the Trinity River alluvium aquifer, Texas"},{"id":416955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Trinity River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.0568823566713,\n 29.605130308347057\n ],\n [\n -94.82111695509118,\n 29.47268831477325\n ],\n [\n -94.56341988824927,\n 29.61102156169673\n ],\n [\n -94.98560444456466,\n 31.578939128932277\n ],\n [\n -95.40230608456515,\n 32.304435780613815\n ],\n [\n -95.72579814719658,\n 32.762064472265905\n ],\n [\n -95.93963188351171,\n 33.33195284298357\n ],\n [\n -96.42212851930111,\n 33.574406176811095\n ],\n [\n -97.90799884087924,\n 33.77061473287188\n ],\n [\n -98.1218325771938,\n 33.49213956579713\n ],\n [\n -97.53516053140494,\n 32.558961831908476\n ],\n [\n -96.68530850245952,\n 32.141316395990245\n ],\n [\n -96.30698727667026,\n 31.217473563861276\n ],\n [\n -95.89576855298657,\n 30.48316869632812\n ],\n [\n -95.23781859509266,\n 29.709952489208263\n ],\n [\n -95.0568823566713,\n 29.605130308347057\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","edition":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milmo, Molly J. 0000-0001-9074-0982","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9074-0982","contributorId":245854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milmo","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDowell, Jeremy 0000-0002-8132-9806","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8132-9806","contributorId":221296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDowell","given":"Jeremy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yesildirek, Monica Veale 0000-0002-0320-8531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0320-8531","contributorId":228880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yesildirek","given":"Monica","email":"","middleInitial":"Veale","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harwell, Glenn R. 0000-0003-4265-2296","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4265-2296","contributorId":205197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwell","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70243530,"text":"70243530 - 2023 - Spatiotemporal segregation by migratory phenotype indicates potential for assortative mating in lake sturgeon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-11T11:51:53.294068","indexId":"70243530","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-11T06:40:09","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatiotemporal segregation by migratory phenotype indicates potential for assortative mating in lake sturgeon","docAbstract":"Migratory diversity can promote population differentiation if sympatric phenotypes become temporally, spatially, or behaviorally segregated during breeding. In this study, the potential for spatiotemporal segregation was tested among three migratory phenotypes of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) that spawn in the St. Clair River of North America’s Laurentian Great Lakes but differ in how often they migrate into the river and in which direction they move after spawning. Acoustic telemetry over 9 years monitored use of two major spawning sites by lake sturgeon that moved north to overwinter in Lake Huron or south to overwinter in Lake St. Clair. Lake St. Clair migrants were further distinguished by whether they migrated into the St. Clair River each year (annual migrants) or intermittently (intermittent migrants). Social network analyses indicated lake sturgeon generally co-occurred with individuals of the same migratory phenotype more often than with different migratory phenotypes. A direct test for differences in space use revealed one site was almost exclusively visited by Lake St. Clair migrants whereas the other site was visited by Lake Huron migrants, intermittent Lake St. Clair migrants, and, to a lesser extent, annual Lake St. Clair migrants. Analysis of arrival and departure dates indicated opportunity for co-occurrence at the site visited by all phenotypes but showed Lake Huron migrants arrived approximately 2 weeks before Lake St. Clair migrants. Taken together, our results indicated partial spatiotemporal segregation of migratory phenotypes that may generate assortative mating and promote population differentiation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-022-05280-y","usgsCitation":"Buchinger, T.J., Hondorp, D.W., and Krueger, C.C., 2023, Spatiotemporal segregation by migratory phenotype indicates potential for assortative mating in lake sturgeon: Oecologia, v. 201, p. 953-964, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-022-05280-y.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"953","endPage":"964","ipdsId":"IP-145544","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Michigan, Ontario","otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron, Lake St. Clair, St. Clair River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.44106634783627,\n 43.02142044090863\n ],\n [\n -82.43493230856738,\n 43.00572237651323\n ],\n [\n -82.43493230856738,\n 42.98665504673153\n ],\n [\n -82.4272647594809,\n 42.97543620673554\n ],\n [\n -82.46406899509569,\n 42.93166317141717\n ],\n [\n -82.48707164235513,\n 42.89010612827542\n ],\n [\n -82.48400462272066,\n 42.85076962407413\n ],\n [\n -82.49473919144158,\n 42.83165427664838\n ],\n [\n -82.49320568162476,\n 42.802407600536924\n ],\n [\n -82.48400462272066,\n 42.782151798798424\n ],\n [\n -82.48247111290384,\n 42.76414107641085\n ],\n [\n -82.49320568162476,\n 42.74612511637403\n ],\n [\n -82.49780621107678,\n 42.72472436138173\n ],\n [\n -82.51160779943214,\n 42.710077484389984\n ],\n [\n -82.52080885833621,\n 42.67400890494051\n ],\n [\n -82.52387587797065,\n 42.641303662813186\n ],\n [\n -82.5392109761436,\n 42.62212362728596\n ],\n [\n -82.60208487865226,\n 42.63340671694476\n ],\n [\n -82.63735560445019,\n 42.650327516652254\n ],\n [\n -82.67415984006571,\n 42.63340671694476\n ],\n [\n -82.68182738915219,\n 42.57584157849038\n ],\n [\n -82.67415984006571,\n 42.54308473958321\n ],\n [\n -82.6511571928063,\n 42.54082501338064\n ],\n [\n -82.60975242773874,\n 42.51822325322155\n ],\n [\n -82.6005513688354,\n 42.48543617491288\n ],\n [\n -82.55454607431655,\n 42.499005327087275\n ],\n [\n -82.51774183870103,\n 42.484305279350025\n ],\n [\n -82.5085407797977,\n 42.52048379725801\n ],\n [\n -82.54227799577804,\n 42.580358413596514\n ],\n [\n -82.5085407797977,\n 42.60970986652924\n ],\n [\n -82.49780621107678,\n 42.6379193801549\n ],\n [\n -82.49933972089363,\n 42.66386084303551\n ],\n [\n -82.47020303436533,\n 42.713457839779466\n ],\n [\n -82.47020303436533,\n 42.732609709294906\n ],\n [\n -82.45333442637477,\n 42.76188936783501\n ],\n [\n -82.46713601473087,\n 42.80915806122647\n ],\n [\n -82.45486793619236,\n 42.86425924971999\n ],\n [\n -82.44720038710591,\n 42.89010612827542\n ],\n [\n -82.45026740674035,\n 42.90358715831874\n ],\n [\n -82.44720038710591,\n 42.92604899219708\n ],\n [\n -82.40886264167352,\n 42.95635948072143\n ],\n [\n -82.39812807295186,\n 42.981045882622254\n ],\n [\n -82.40426211222149,\n 42.998993406281045\n ],\n [\n -82.37819244532761,\n 43.00908658525387\n ],\n [\n -82.39659456313501,\n 43.03823534271183\n ],\n [\n -82.44106634783627,\n 43.02142044090863\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"201","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchinger, Tyler J. 0000-0002-4590-341X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4590-341X","contributorId":290501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buchinger","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hondorp, Darryl W. 0000-0002-5182-1963 dhondorp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5182-1963","contributorId":5376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hondorp","given":"Darryl","email":"dhondorp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krueger, Charles C. 0000-0002-6735-5012","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6735-5012","contributorId":274493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krueger","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70243878,"text":"70243878 - 2023 - Assembling the right pieces: Developing an interdisciplinary team to study disease, decline, and recovery of a world-class Smallmouth Bass fishery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-24T16:52:34.573388","indexId":"70243878","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-10T11:17:31","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5686,"text":"Fisheries Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assembling the right pieces: Developing an interdisciplinary team to study disease, decline, and recovery of a world-class Smallmouth Bass fishery","docAbstract":"Managing and understanding fisheries dynamics are becoming more complex as new and seemingly more complicated environmental factors are identified. Often management requires resources beyond that of any one entity and calls for collaboration among partners with differing priorities and backgrounds to account for the complexity of factors influencing fisheries. We present a collaborative case study from the Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania, where Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu have faced population declines, mortality events, and notable signs of disease in recent years. Collaboration was required to study many facets of the fishery and the environment simultaneously to better understand risk factors and underlying relationships influencing Smallmouth Bass health. The outcomes from this interdisciplinary collaboration allowed for identification of contributing risk factors, led to the development of products and analytical techniques that were mutually beneficial to all partners involved, and provided knowledge that was integrated into fish health and fisheries management.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/fsh.10922","usgsCitation":"Schall, M., Smith, G., Blazer, V., Walsh, H.L., Wertz, T., Shull, D.R., and Wagner, T., 2023, Assembling the right pieces: Developing an interdisciplinary team to study disease, decline, and recovery of a world-class Smallmouth Bass fishery: Fisheries Magazine, v. 48, no. 2, p. 287-294, https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10922.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"294","ipdsId":"IP-142756","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443590,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10922","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":417401,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.5,\n 39.528797988906234\n ],\n [\n -75.5,\n 42.26954597404389\n ],\n [\n -77.80771178110639,\n 42.26954597404389\n ],\n [\n -77.80771178110639,\n 39.528797988906234\n ],\n [\n -75.5,\n 39.528797988906234\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schall, Megan K.","contributorId":264767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schall","given":"Megan K.","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Geoffrey","contributorId":199064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Geoffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":150384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walsh, Heather L. 0000-0001-6392-4604 hwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6392-4604","contributorId":4696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Heather","email":"hwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wertz, Timothy","contributorId":274363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wertz","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[{"id":56607,"text":"Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shull, Dustin R.","contributorId":147947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shull","given":"Dustin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16963,"text":"PA DEP","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70243602,"text":"70243602 - 2023 - Plant migration due to winter climate change: Range expansion of tropical invasive plants in response to warming winters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-24T16:51:21.074256","indexId":"70243602","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-10T09:46:45","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant migration due to winter climate change: Range expansion of tropical invasive plants in response to warming winters","docAbstract":"Warming winters due to climate change can facilitate the range expansion of invasive non-native species. In the southeastern United States, the frequency and intensity of extreme winter temperatures determines the northern range limits of many tropical organisms including many species of invasive non-native plants. However, the effects of winter climate change on invasive species’ range limits have been understudied. Here, we used temperature and species occurrence data to examine the sensitivity of invasive tropical plant species to freezing temperatures. We also examined the potential for northward range expansion of these species due to winter climate change. From an initial group of 81 invasive plant species selected due to their ability to transform native plant communities, our analyses identify and quantify species-specific temperature thresholds for 40 tropical, cold sensitive species. Future winter warming scenarios indicate that these tropical invasive plant species have the potential for northward range expansion across the southeastern United States in response to small changes in the severity of winter cold temperature extremes. The potential for range expansion is greatest in coastal areas, which typically have warmer temperatures than inland counterparts. Thus, coastal regions are likely to serve as biological invasion hotspots from which invasive species expand into inland areas. The state of Florida has become a global hotspot for biological invasions, with tens of millions of dollars (US) spent annually to control the ecological and societal impacts of invasive plants on publicly held conservation lands. Collectively, our results underscore the need to better anticipate and prepare for the northward range expansion of invasive plants from Florida into the southeastern United States in response to winter climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-023-03075-7","usgsCitation":"Osland, M., Chivoiu, B., Feher, L., Dale, L., Lieurance, D., Daniel, W., and Spencer, J.E., 2023, Plant migration due to winter climate change: Range expansion of tropical invasive plants in response to warming winters: Biological Invasions, v. 25, p. 2813-2830, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-023-03075-7.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2813","endPage":"2830","ipdsId":"IP-145305","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417030,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia, South 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Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Daniel, Wesley 0000-0002-7656-8474","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7656-8474","contributorId":219312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"Wesley","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Spencer, Jessica E.","contributorId":305377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spencer","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70243688,"text":"70243688 - 2023 - Exploring the influence of input feature space on CNN-based geomorphic feature extraction from digital terrain data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-17T13:49:27.788978","indexId":"70243688","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-10T08:48:03","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5026,"text":"Earth and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring the influence of input feature space on CNN-based geomorphic feature extraction from digital terrain data","docAbstract":"Many studies of Earth surface processes and landscape evolution rely on having accurate and extensive data sets of surficial geologic units and landforms. Automated extraction of geomorphic features using deep learning provides an objective way to consistently map landforms over large spatial extents. However, there is no consensus on the optimal input feature space for such analyses. We explore the impact of input feature space for extracting geomorphic features from land surface parameters (LSPs) derived from digital terrain models (DTMs) using convolutional neural network (CNN)-based semantic segmentation deep learning. We compare four input feature space configurations: (a) a three-layer composite consisting of a topographic position index (TPI) calculated using a 50 m radius circular window, square root of topographic slope, and TPI calculated using an annulus with a 2 m inner radius and 10 m outer radius, (b) a single illuminating position hillshade, (c) a multidirectional hillshade, and (d) a slopeshade. We test each feature space input using three deep learning algorithms and four use cases: two with natural features and two with anthropogenic features. The three-layer composite generally provided lower overall losses for the training samples, a higher F1-score for the withheld validation data, and better performance for generalizing to withheld testing data from a new geographic extent. Results suggest that CNN-based deep learning for mapping geomorphic features or landforms from LSPs is sensitive to input feature space. Given the large number of LSPs that can be derived from DTM data and the variety of geomorphic mapping tasks that can be undertaken using CNN-based methods, we argue that additional research focused on feature space considerations is needed and suggest future research directions. We also suggest that the three-layer composite implemented here can offer better performance in comparison to using hillshades or other common terrain visualization surfaces and is, thus, worth considering for different mapping and feature extraction tasks.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2023EA002845","usgsCitation":"Maxwell, A.E., Odom, W.E., Shobe, C.M., Doctor, D.H., Bester, M.S., and Ore, T., 2023, Exploring the influence of input feature space on CNN-based geomorphic feature extraction from digital terrain data: Earth and Space Science, v. 10, no. 5, e2023EA002845, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EA002845.","productDescription":"e2023EA002845, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-150908","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ea002845","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":417130,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maxwell, Aaron E.","contributorId":305483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maxwell","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odom, William E. 0000-0001-8577-5056","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8577-5056","contributorId":292616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odom","given":"William","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shobe, Charles M.","contributorId":305484,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shobe","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bester, Michelle S.","contributorId":305485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bester","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ore, Tobi","contributorId":305487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ore","given":"Tobi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70243953,"text":"70243953 - 2023 - Evaluation of Copernicus DEM and comparison to the DEM used for Landsat collection-2 processing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-12T21:50:00.086818","indexId":"70243953","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-10T07:04:02","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of Copernicus DEM and comparison to the DEM used for Landsat collection-2 processing","docAbstract":"High interannual variability of forage production in semiarid grasslands leads to uncertainties when livestock producers make decisions, such as buying additional feed, relocating animals, or using flexible stocking. Within-season predictions of annual forage production (i.e., yearly production) can provide specific boundaries for producers to make these decisions with more information and possibly with higher confidence. In this study, we use a recently developed forage production model, ForageAhead, that uses environmental and seasonal climate variables to estimate the annual forage production as approximated by remotely sensed vegetation data. Because, among other variables, this model uses observed summer climate data, the model output cannot be produced early enough in the year (e.g., spring months) to inform within-season management decisions. To address this issue, we developed summer climate scenarios (e.g., extremely warm and dry and moderately cool and wet) that serve as an input in the model in combination with observed winter and spring climate data from a particular year. The summer climate scenarios used historical summer precipitation and temperature data (1950–2018) categorized into three, five, and seven percentile categories. These percentile values were then combined to represent summer climate scenarios, which were further used as the ForageAhead model input. We tested the optimal number of percentile categories to be used as the model input to obtain accurate prediction of forage production while also minimizing the number of possible temperature and precipitation combinations, which increases with the number of percentile categories. For the 19-year period analysis (2000–2018), we also determined the most and least common scenarios that occurred in the western United States. When using five percentile categories for summer precipitation and temperature, we were able to capture the interannual variability in the spatial extent of abnormally low and high biomass production. The ForageAhead predictions captured similar spatial patterns of forage anomalies as another similar model (Grass-Cast). This method can be made available in a user-friendly automated system that can be used by livestock producers and rangeland managers to inform within-season management decisions. This method can be especially valuable for flexible stocking as it provides a range of possible annual forage production scenarios by the end of May.
We compared a bead RNA extraction method with a one-tube method that required only a heat block and ice. RNA was first extracted from liver samples from nine rabbits dying from rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2) using magnetic beads, and RT-PCR was used to detect RHDV2 sequence. Following freezing, RNA was extracted a second time using the SwiftX™ Swabs Viral RNA Extraction Reagent. RHDV2 was detected in all nine samples. Cycle threshold values were higher in the RT-PCR following SwiftX extraction (mean: 3.79), indicating that the second extraction method resulted in approximately a 1 log10 reduction in sensitivity. A second freeze–thaw for the samples and less tissue extracted using SwiftX may have contributed additionally to the loss in sensitivity.
Sex ratio, and the extent to which it varies over time, is an important factor in the demography, management, and conservation of wildlife populations. Greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus populations in western North America are monitored using counts of males at leks in spring. Population estimates derived from lek-count data typically assume a constant, female-biased sex ratio, yet few rigorous, empirically derived estimates of sex ratio are available to test that assumption. We estimated pre-breeding sex ratio of greater sage-grouse in a peripheral, geographically isolated population in northwestern Colorado during two consecutive winters using closed-population, robust-design, multi-state, genetic mark–recapture models in program MARK. Sex ratio varied markedly between years, with estimates of 3.29 (95% CI: 2.36–4.59) females per male in winter 2012–2013 and 1.54 (95% CI: 1.22–1.95) females per male in winter 2013–2014. Rather than assuming a constant sex ratio, biologists should consider the potential for large annual variation in sex ratio of greater sage-grouse populations when estimating population size or trend from male lek-count data.