Vegetation shifts in circum-Arctic permafrost peatlands drive feedbacks with important consequences for peatland carbon budgets and the extent of permafrost thaw under changing climate. Recent shrub expansion across Arctic tundra environments has led to an increase in above-ground biomass, but the long-term spatiotemporal dynamics of shrub and tree growth in circum-Arctic peatlands remain unquantified. We investigate changes in peatland vegetation composition during the Holocene using previously-published plant macrofossil records from 76 sites across the circum-Arctic permafrost zone. In particular, we assess evidence for peatland shrubification at the continental scale. We identify increasing abundance of woody vegetation in circum-Arctic peatlands from ∼8000 years BP to present, coinciding with declining herbaceous vegetation and widespread Sphagnum expansion. Ecosystem shifts varied between regions and present-day permafrost zones, with late-Holocene shrubification most pronounced where permafrost coverage is presently discontinuous and sporadic. After ∼600 years BP, we find a proliferation of non-Sphagnum mosses in Fennoscandia and across the present-day continuous permafrost zone; and rapid expansion of Sphagnum in regions of discontinuous and isolated permafrost as expected following widespread fen-bog succession, which coincided with declining woody vegetation in eastern and western Canada. Since ∼200 years BP, both shrub expansion and decline were identified at different sites across the pan-Arctic, highlighting the complex ecological responses of circum-Arctic peatlands to post-industrial climate warming and permafrost degradation. Our results suggest that shrubification of circum-Arctic peatlands has primarily occurred alongside surface drying, resulting from Holocene climate shifts, autogenic peat accumulation, and permafrost aggradation. Future shrubification of circum-Arctic peatlands under 21st century climate change will likely be spatially heterogeneous, and be most prevalent where dry microforms persist.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108055","usgsCitation":"Fewster, R., Morris, P., Swindles, G.T., Ivanovic, R.F., Treat, C.C., and Jones, M.C., 2023, Holocene vegetation dynamics of circum-Arctic permafrost peatlands: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 307, 108055, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108055.","productDescription":"108055, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-146288","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108055","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422567,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"307","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fewster, Richard","contributorId":303160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fewster","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65673,"text":"School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, Paul J.","contributorId":331549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"Paul J.","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swindles, Graeme T.","contributorId":220282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swindles","given":"Graeme","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ivanovic, Ruza F.","contributorId":331552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ivanovic","given":"Ruza","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Treat, Claire C.","contributorId":150798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Treat","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":18105,"text":"University of New Hampshire, Durham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":257239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70242810,"text":"70242810 - 2023 - Soil medium and watering frequency alter growth and allocation for Blue Diamond cholla (Cylindropuntia multigeniculata), a rare cactus of the northeast Mojave Desert, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-19T11:34:57.506219","indexId":"70242810","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-31T06:32:08","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7499,"text":"Native Plants Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil medium and watering frequency alter growth and allocation for Blue Diamond cholla (Cylindropuntia multigeniculata), a rare cactus of the northeast Mojave Desert, USA","docAbstract":"Blue Diamond cholla (Cylindropuntia multigeniculata (Clokey) Blackb. [Cactaceae]) is a rare cactus of the Mojave Desert. We explored whether cultivation from joint cuttings is a viable method for supporting threatened populations. Terminal joints were collected from adult plants at the type locality and grown in a shade house: We tested whether 2 soil mixes that varied in the ratio of inorganic and organic components (50:50 compared to 85:15) and 2 watering frequencies (250 ml every 5 d compared to 500 ml every 10 d) promote root growth important to outplanting survival. Plants grown from joint cuttings in the 50:50 soil had greater shoot and root biomass, produced more joint segments, and had higher initial and final survivorship over the 5-mo study. Neither soil nor watering treatments shifted biomass allocation to roots as hypothesized, but frequent watering produced longer roots, which may benefit reintroduced plants by assisting root access to deep soil moisture. Despite their vigor during collection, freshly cut joints rapidly declined in condition, resulting in approximately 50% mortality during the first month of the study. Initial mortality was not explained by the identity, condition, or size of the maternal plant. Prior-year weather patterns and collection procedures may influence quality and durability of joint cuttings and require further study. While larger plants were produced from the 50:50 mix, and root length was increased by frequent watering, reintroduction of nursery-grown plants will indicate whether such treatments aid establishment in the dry habitat where this species occurs.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin Press","doi":"10.3368/npj.24.1.4","usgsCitation":"Scoles-Sciulla, S.J., Stosich, A., and DeFalco, L., 2023, Soil medium and watering frequency alter growth and allocation for Blue Diamond cholla (Cylindropuntia multigeniculata), a rare cactus of the northeast Mojave Desert, USA: Native Plants Journal, v. 24, no. 1, p. 4-17, https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.24.1.4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"17","ipdsId":"IP-149550","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/npj.24.1.4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":415988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Northeast Mojave Desert","volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scoles-Sciulla, Sara J. 0000-0003-1693-5030 sscoles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1693-5030","contributorId":2614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scoles-Sciulla","given":"Sara","email":"sscoles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stosich, Alexander","contributorId":304238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stosich","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[{"id":24583,"text":"former USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeFalco, Lesley A. 0000-0002-7542-9261","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7542-9261","contributorId":208658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFalco","given":"Lesley A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70242847,"text":"70242847 - 2023 - Ediacaran-Ordovician magmatism and REE mineralization in the Wet Mountains, Colorado, USA: Implications for failed continental rifting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-20T12:03:48.647713","indexId":"70242847","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-30T06:56:07","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ediacaran-Ordovician magmatism and REE mineralization in the Wet Mountains, Colorado, USA: Implications for failed continental rifting","docAbstract":"Structures associated with Ediacaran-Ordovician alkaline magmatism and the timing of rare earth element (REE) mineralization in the Wet Mountains, CO, were analyzed using field, geophysical, and U-Th-Pb isotope methods to interpret their tectonic setting in the context of previously proposed rift models. The Wet Mountains are known for thorium and REE mineralization associated with failed rift-related, Ediacaran-Ordovician alkaline intrusions and veins. Structural field data indicate that alkaline dikes and mineralized veins are controlled by a system of northwest-striking, high-angle faults and tension fractures formed in a 040°-directed extensional regime. Magnetic and surface expressions of Democrat Creek and McClure Mountain complexes show tectonic elongation toward ∼045°, consistent with NE-directed extension. Magnetic data also suggest the existence of a fourth, previously unrecognized mafic-ultramafic complex of inferred Cambrian age with a similar elongated orientation. Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) 208Pb/232Th analysis of low-uranium zircon from carbonatite dikes and in situ 206Pb/238U LA-ICP-MS analysis of monazite in mineralized dikes yielded 465 ± 18 Ma and 489 ± 33 Ma ages, respectively. These ages are consistent with the expected age based on slightly older, cross-cut syenite dikes and the hypothesized Ordovician end to failed rift-related magmatism. The Ediacaran-Ordovician age of alkaline magmatic rocks and the associated northeast-directed extension direction are similar to those of the along-strike, Ediacaran-Cambrian Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen. Therefore, the failed rift system in the Wet Mountains is interpreted to be a northwestern continuation of the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen with carbonatite magmatism and thorium/REE mineralization representing late intrusive phases.
In the United States, National Park Service Civil War battlefield units are managed for both historical accuracy (i.e., to represent landscape conditions at the time of the conflict for historical interpretation), and for natural resource protection. However, managing for both goals can create conflicts as many battlefields were largely open or in second growth forests historically, but now harbor significant forest resources after more than 100 years of preservation. Managing for historical accuracy therefore may require maintenance of the landscape in a successional stage out of phase with the current landscape. We use historical landscape maps and current high-resolution forest structure data derived from lidar to examine tradeoffs in returning the landscape of a major Civil War battlefield (Wilderness Battlefield) to conditions present at the time of the battle. We demonstrate that National Park battlefield units can harbor significant forest resources in contrast to the surrounding landscape, especially in areas of intense commercial, urban, and suburban development. Managing for or restoring landscapes to historical conditions could have important ecological implications.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.13911","usgsCitation":"Young, J.A., and Mahan, C., 2023, Assessing tradeoffs between current and desired vegetation condition in a National Park using historical maps and high resolution lidar data: Restoration Ecology, v. 31, no. 5, e13911, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13911.","productDescription":"e13911, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-145189","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444014,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.13911","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":415154,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, John A. 0000-0002-4500-3673 jyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":3777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","email":"jyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahan, Carolyn","contributorId":303907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mahan","given":"Carolyn","affiliations":[{"id":65925,"text":"Pennsylvania State University - Altoona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70242726,"text":"70242726 - 2023 - The invasive plant data landscape: A synthesis of spatial data and applications for research and management in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T14:44:29.657111","indexId":"70242726","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-30T06:35:05","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The invasive plant data landscape: A synthesis of spatial data and applications for research and management in the United States","docAbstract":"An increase in the number and availability of datasets cataloging invasive plant distributions offers opportunities to expand our understanding, monitoring, and management of invasives across spatial scales. These datasets, created using on-the-ground observations and modeling techniques, are made both for and by researchers and managers.
The large number and variety of data types and associated datasets can be difficult to navigate, require high levels of data literacy, and can overwhelm the intended end-users. By providing a synthesis of available data types and datasets, this work may facilitate data understanding and use among researchers and managers.
We synthesize types of invasive plant distribution data sources, highlighting publicly available datasets and their potential applications and limitations for research and management.
Eight data types and their potential applications for research and management are described. We also describe gaps in current invasive species distribution data usability and outline a path forward for improving the use of invasive plant data in future research and management.
Accessible and usable invasive plant spatial data are needed for developing landscape scale analysis and management plans. By synthesizing the invasive plant data available, with examples and limitations for application, this work will serve as a guide to facilitate appropriate and efficient data choices in current and future research and management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-023-01623-z","usgsCitation":"Fusco, E.J., Beaury, E.M., Bradley, B., Cox, M., Jarnevich, C.S., Mahood, A.L., Nagy, R.C., Nietupski, T., and Halofsky, J.E., 2023, The invasive plant data landscape: A synthesis of spatial data and applications for research and management in the United States: Landscape Ecology, v. 38, p. 3825-3843, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-023-01623-z.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"3825","endPage":"3843","ipdsId":"IP-145662","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415769,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cox, Michelle","contributorId":304164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cox","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65987,"text":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mahood, Adam L.","contributorId":304165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mahood","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":65988,"text":"Earth Lab, University of Colorado Boulder and U.S Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nagy, R. Chelsea","contributorId":298272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nagy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Chelsea","affiliations":[{"id":13693,"text":"University of Colorado Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nietupski, Ty","contributorId":304166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nietupski","given":"Ty","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65989,"text":"ORISE Fellow hosted at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Halofsky, Jessica E.","contributorId":146628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halofsky","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13553,"text":"University of Washington-Seattle","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70242033,"text":"70242033 - 2023 - Mercury bioaccumulation and cortisol interact to influence endocrine and immune biomarkers in a free-ranging marine mammal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-12T14:34:09.497702","indexId":"70242033","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-30T06:33:05","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury bioaccumulation and cortisol interact to influence endocrine and immune biomarkers in a free-ranging marine mammal","docAbstract":"Mercury bioaccumulation from deep-ocean prey and the extreme life history strategies of adult female northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) provide a unique system to assess the interactive effects of mercury and stress on animal health by quantifying blood biomarkers in relation to mercury (skeletal muscle and blood mercury) and cortisol concentrations. The thyroid hormone thyroxine (tT4) and the antibody immunoglobulin E (IgE) were associated with mercury and cortisol concentrations interactively, where the magnitude and direction of the association of each biomarker with mercury or cortisol changed depending on the concentration of the other factor. For example, when cortisol concentrations were lowest, tT4 was positively related to muscle mercury, whereas tT4 had a negative relationship with muscle mercury in seals that had the highest cortisol concentrations. Additionally, we observed that two thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (tT3) and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), were negatively (tT3) and positively (rT3) associated with mercury concentrations and cortisol in an additive manner. As an example, tT3 concentrations in late breeding seals at the median cortisol concentration decreased by 14% across the range of observed muscle mercury concentrations. We also observed that immunoglobulin M (IgM), the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 (IL-6), and a reproductive hormone, estradiol, were negatively related to muscle mercury concentrations but were not related to cortisol. Specifically, estradiol concentrations in late molting seals decreased by 50% across the range of muscle mercury concentrations. These results indicate important physiological effects of mercury on free-ranging apex marine predators and interactions between mercury bioaccumulation and extrinsic stressors. Deleterious effects on animals’ abilities to maintain homeostasis (thyroid hormones), fight off pathogens and disease (innate and adaptive immune system), and successfully reproduce (endocrine system) can have significant individual- and population-level consequences.
This activity book is an illustrative guide designed to introduce young minds about the exciting world of science careers. From ichthyologists to wildlife biologists, this book showcases a variety of science-based professions through fun and engaging activities. Each section of the book features a different science career and includes information about how the job got its name and what a typical day in the life of someone in that profession might look like. Readers will also have a chance to color, test their knowledge with trivia, and play a few games along the way. The I Am A...Science Careers Book for Kids is a fun and colorful way for kids to learn about the many exciting career opportunities available in the world of science.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip222","usgsCitation":"Sobieszczyk, S., Soileau, S.C., and Scott, A., 2023, I Am A...Science careers book for kids: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 222, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip222.","productDescription":"50 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-141014","costCenters":[{"id":251,"text":"Ecosystems Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5072,"text":"Office of Communication and Publishing","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414758,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/222/gip222.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.09 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 222"},{"id":414757,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/222/coverthb2.jpg"}],"contact":"Youth and Education in Science
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Dr.
Reston, VA 20192
Email: usgs_yes@usgs.gov
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-03-29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sobieszczyk, Steven 0000-0002-0834-8437","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-8437","contributorId":205030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobieszczyk","given":"Steven","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soileau, Suzanna C. 0000-0002-4331-0098 ssoileau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-0098","contributorId":198208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soileau","given":"Suzanna","email":"ssoileau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, Annie 0000-0001-7286-3698 annescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7286-3698","contributorId":223421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Annie","email":"annescott@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70241872,"text":"ofr20221115 - 2023 - Geochronologic and geochemical data from metasedimentary and associated rocks in the Lane Mountain area, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-10T21:15:46.852915","indexId":"ofr20221115","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-29T10:44:23","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-1115","displayTitle":"Geochronologic and Geochemical Data from Metasedimentary and Associated Rocks in the Lane Mountain Area, San Bernardino County, California","title":"Geochronologic and geochemical data from metasedimentary and associated rocks in the Lane Mountain area, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"Eugeoclinal metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks in the Lane Mountain area, California, are considered part of the El Paso terrane, which is commonly thought to have been displaced several hundred kilometers (km) southeastward from its place of origin during late Paleozoic truncation of the North American continental margin. Uranium-lead dating of detrital zircons from this area was undertaken to limit the depositional ages of these nearly non-fossiliferous metamorphic rocks. Analysis of detrital zircons from 17 metasedimentary rock samples yielded a composite age distribution that ranges from Archean to Jurassic and has significant peaks at ~2,800 2,400 mega-annum (Ma), 2,100–1,600 Ma, and ~300–200 Ma. The Proterozoic and Archean ages indicate derivation from continental sources in ancestral North America, whereas the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic ages are interpreted as derived from a magmatic arc that began to develop along the continental margin in Permian to Triassic time.
The 17 detrital zircon samples are from quartzitic and conglomeratic rocks of the Carbide, Williams Well, and Noble Well formations, which were informally named by T.H. McCulloh in 1960. The zircon data indicate that the oldest rocks in the Carbide formation are quartzites likely correlative with the Ordovician Eureka Quartzite of the Cordilleran miogeocline. These rocks lie structurally above the rest of the Carbide formation, different units of which yielded zircons that indicate maximum depositional ages ranging from middle Paleozoic to Late Triassic. Zircons from the Williams Well and Noble Well formations indicate maximum depositional ages of late Paleozoic and Early Jurassic, respectively. The Noble Well formation is interpreted to correlate with the lithologically similar, Early Jurassic, Fairview Valley Formation of the Black and Quartzite Mountain areas some 60 km to the southwest.
The above interpretations depend on the presumption that the detrital zircons in these samples did not undergo extreme, postdepositional lead loss, which would result in misleadingly young ages. Although such lead loss is considered unlikely for these samples, further work could test the validity of this interpretation.
Zircons from six additional samples were also analyzed: (1) a quartzite from which all the zircons are interpreted to have formed by Late Jurassic metamorphism; (2) three samples interpreted as albitized igneous rocks of Middle Permian age; and (3) two samples interpreted as fine-grained monzonite to diorite of Late Jurassic age. Both sets of igneous rocks were initially thought to be metasedimentary but were reinterpreted as igneous largely on the basis of the zircon data.
Based on the interpretations presented here, this study demonstrates that the depositional, magmatic, and deformational history of the El Paso terrane was longer and more complex than previously thought and will require reevaluation of existing tectonic models involving this terrane.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221115","usgsCitation":"Stone, P., Cecil, M.R., Brown, H.J., and Vazquez, J.A., 2023, Geochronologic and geochemical data from metasedimentary and associated rocks in the Lane Mountain area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1115, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221115.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 34 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126391","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414958,"rank":7,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1115/ofr20221115_table5.pdf","text":"Table 5","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- SHRIMP-RG U-Pb zircon data for samples analyzed for this report, Lane Mountain area."},{"id":414957,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1115/ofr20221115_table4.pdf","text":"Table 4","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- LA-SF-ICPMS U-Pb zircon data for samples analyzed for this report, Lane Mountain area."},{"id":414900,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1115/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":414901,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1115/ofr20221115.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Open-File Report 2022–1115"},{"id":414902,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211094","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1094","description":"Stone, P., Brown, H.J., Cecil, M.R., Fleck, R.J., Vazquez, J.A., and Fitzpatrick, J.A., 2021, Geochronologic, isotopic, and geochemical data from pre-Cretaceous plutonic rocks in the Lane Mountain area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1094, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211094.","linkHelpText":"- Geochronologic, Isotopic, and Geochemical Data from Pre- Cretaceous Plutonic Rocks in the Lane Mountain Area, San Bernardino County, California"},{"id":414903,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191070","text":"Open-File Report 2019-1070","description":"Stone, P., Brown, H.J., Cecil, M.R., Fleck, R.J., Vazquez, J.A., Fitzpatrick, J.A., and Rosario, J., 2019, Geochronologic, isotopic, and geochemical data from igneous rocks in the Lane Mountain area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1070, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191070.","linkHelpText":"- Geochronologic, Isotopic, and Geochemical Data from Igneous Rocks in the Lane Mountain Area, San Bernardino County, California"},{"id":499724,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114618.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":414899,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9G6YNEF","text":"Tabular geochronologic and geochemical data from metasedimentary and associated rocks in the Lane Mountain area, San Bernardino County, California","description":"Stone, P., Cecil, M.R., and Vazquez, J.A., 2023, Tabular geochronologic and geochemical data from metasedimentary and associated rocks in the Lane Mountain area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9G6YNEF."}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.50673206071878,\n 34.67301889093439\n ],\n [\n -116.50673206071878,\n 35.322960316934655\n ],\n [\n -117.53351206069043,\n 35.322960316934655\n ],\n [\n -117.53351206069043,\n 34.67301889093439\n ],\n [\n -116.50673206071878,\n 34.67301889093439\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
Menlo Park, California
U.S. Geological Survey
Building 19, 350 N. Akron Rd.
P.O. Box 158
Moffett Field, CA 94035
Plate convergence rates strongly influence seismicity and mountain building inboard of convergent margins, but the distribution and kinematics of structures accommodating farfield convergence can be elusive. In interior Alaska, Yakutat microplate convergence drives late Pleistocene–recent right slip on the Denali fault, but westward-decreasing slip rates leave substantial residual Yakutat motion unaccounted for. Here, we show that Northern Foothills thrust slip beneath the northern Alaska Range absorbs a modern 4.4 mm/yr geodetic velocity gradient equivalent to ~78% of the 5.6 mm/yr residual Yakutat convergence along the central Denali fault. Infrared-stimulated luminescence ages of strath terrace deposits (67–4 ka; six sites) quantify Totatlanika River bedrock incision across the 1947 Mw 7.1 thrust earthquake epicentral region. Incision rates increase abruptly from <1 mm/yr to 4.8–5.6 mm/yr above the blind thrust tip near the range front. Rapid slip at 6.7 mm/yr on a steep thrust ramp beneath the northern Alaska Range front accommodates the geodetic gradient, drives rock uplift at rates matching measured incision rates, and implies that large earthquakes like the 1947 event may recur with 500–1400 yr frequency. Results illuminate focused seismogenic strain inboard of a complex convergent margin and prompt reevaluation of Alaska’s neotectonic framework.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G51049.1","usgsCitation":"Bender, A., Lease, R.O., Rittenour, T.M., and Jones, J.V., 2023, Rapid active thrust faulting at the northern Alaska Range front: Geology, v. 51, no. 6, p. 527-531, https://doi.org/10.1130/G51049.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"531","ipdsId":"IP-146057","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g51049.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":418586,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.6301808346148,\n 64.19458360416576\n ],\n [\n -160.6301808346148,\n 57.461011714876776\n ],\n [\n -135.6483845452334,\n 57.461011714876776\n ],\n [\n -135.6483845452334,\n 64.19458360416576\n ],\n [\n -160.6301808346148,\n 64.19458360416576\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bender, Adrian 0000-0001-7469-1957","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7469-1957","contributorId":219952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lease, Richard O. 0000-0003-2582-8966 rlease@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-8966","contributorId":5098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lease","given":"Richard","email":"rlease@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rittenour, Tammy M.","contributorId":140755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rittenour","given":"Tammy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, James V. III 0000-0002-6602-5935 jvjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6602-5935","contributorId":201245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jvjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70241930,"text":"70241930 - 2023 - A research agenda for the science of actionable knowledge: Drawing from a review of the most misguided to the most enlightened claims in the science-policy interface literature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-31T13:35:15.133957","indexId":"70241930","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-29T08:30:59","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":13783,"text":"Environmental Science & Policy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A research agenda for the science of actionable knowledge: Drawing from a review of the most misguided to the most enlightened claims in the science-policy interface literature","docAbstract":"Linking science with action affords a prime opportunity to leverage greater societal impact from research and increase the use of evidence in decision-making. Success in these areas depends critically upon processes of producing and mobilizing knowledge, as well as supporting and making decisions. For decades, scholars have idealized and described these social processes in different ways, resulting in numerous assumptions that now variously guide engagements at the interface of science and society. We systematically catalog these assumptions based on prior research on the science-policy interface, and further distill them into a set of 26 claims. We then elicit expert perspectives (n = 16) about these claims to assess the extent to which they are accurate or merit further examination. Out of this process, we construct a research agenda to motivate future scientific research on actionable knowledge, prioritizing areas that experts identified as critical gaps in understanding of the science-society interface. The resulting agenda focuses on how to define success, support intermediaries, build trust, and evaluate the importance of consensus and its alternatives – all in the diverse contexts of science-society-decision-making interactions. We further raise questions about the centrality of knowledge in these interactions, discussing how a governance lens might be generative of efforts to support more equitable processes and outcomes. We offer these suggestions with hopes of furthering the science of actionable knowledge as a transdisciplinary area of inquiry.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2023.03.004","usgsCitation":"Jagannathan, K., Emmanuel, G., Arnott, J., Mach, K., Bamzai-Dodson, A., Goodrich, K., Meyer, R., Neff, M., Sjostrom, D., Timm, K., Turnhout, E., Wong-Parodi, G., Bednarek, A., Meadow, A., Dewulf, A., Kirchhoff, C.J., Moss, R., Nichols, L., Oldach, E., Lemos, M.C., and Klenk, N., 2023, A research agenda for the science of actionable knowledge: Drawing from a review of the most misguided to the most enlightened claims in the science-policy interface literature: Environmental Science & Policy, v. 144, p. 174-186, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2023.03.004.","productDescription":"13 p","startPage":"174","endPage":"186","ipdsId":"IP-145403","costCenters":[{"id":40927,"text":"North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Dewulf, Art","contributorId":303851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dewulf","given":"Art","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61446,"text":"Wageningen University and Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Kirchhoff, Christine J.","contributorId":215886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirchhoff","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":39325,"text":"Connecticut Institute for Resilience and Climate Adaptation, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Moss, Richard C.","contributorId":175175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moss","given":"Richard C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Nichols, Leah","contributorId":303852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"Leah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12909,"text":"George Mason University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Oldach, Eliza","contributorId":303853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oldach","given":"Eliza","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16975,"text":"University of California Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Lemos, Maria Carmen","contributorId":303854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lemos","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"Carmen","affiliations":[{"id":37387,"text":"University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Klenk, Nicole","contributorId":303855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klenk","given":"Nicole","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7044,"text":"University of Toronto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}} ,{"id":70241852,"text":"70241852 - 2023 - Synthesizing professional opinion and published science to build a conceptual model of Walleye recruitment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-12T14:31:50.746615","indexId":"70241852","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-29T08:28:58","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5686,"text":"Fisheries Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthesizing professional opinion and published science to build a conceptual model of Walleye recruitment","docAbstract":"Understanding and predicting recruitment, longstanding goals in fisheries science and ecology, are complicated by variation in the importance of environmental drivers coupled with the dynamic nature of individual ecosystems. Developing an understanding of recruitment from well-monitored stocks offers an opportunity to overcome these complexities. We used a systematic literature review, a survey, and a workshop attended by professionals with expertise in recruitment of Walleye Sander vitreus to identify common environmental drivers of Walleye recruitment and additional sources of variation (i.e., context dependencies) among populations. The importance of individual environmental drivers, as well as the direction of their influence, differed as a function of geographic region, lake surface area, and Walleye life stage. The literature suggested abiotic conditions (e.g., temperature) during the first year of life were influential in determining recruitment. Professional opinion noted the importance of biotic factors, with prey availability and predation risk having the most consistent relationships with recruitment. We synthesized this information to propose a conceptual model that illustrates the suite of characteristics that shape Walleye recruitment over large spatial and temporal scales. Our findings emphasize the importance of first-year growth and system-specific contextual factors, which can alter the relative importance of the environmental drivers of recruitment.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/fsh.10884","usgsCitation":"Krabbenhoft, C., Ludsin, S.A., Marschall, E., Budnik, R., Almeida, Z., Cahill, C., Embke, H.S., Feiner, Z.S., Schmalz, P.J., Thorstensen, M., Weber, M., Wuellner, M.R., and Hansen, G., 2023, Synthesizing professional opinion and published science to build a conceptual model of Walleye recruitment: Fisheries Magazine, v. 48, no. 4, p. 141-156, https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10884.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"156","ipdsId":"IP-143215","costCenters":[{"id":65882,"text":"Midwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444028,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10884","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":414891,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krabbenhoft, Corey 0000-0002-2630-8287","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2630-8287","contributorId":225163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"Corey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41059,"text":"College of Arts and Sciences and Research and Education in Energy, Environment and Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14228","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludsin, Stuart A. 0000-0002-3866-2216","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3866-2216","contributorId":175425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ludsin","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marschall, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":270538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marschall","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[{"id":36630,"text":"Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Budnik, Richard","contributorId":303727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Budnik","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36630,"text":"Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Almeida, 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Feiner, Zachary S.","contributorId":150494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feiner","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schmalz, Patrick J","contributorId":300821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmalz","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":6964,"text":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Thorstensen, Matt","contributorId":303736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorstensen","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16603,"text":"University of Manitoba","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Weber, Michael","contributorId":213318,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wuellner, Melissa R.","contributorId":172322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wuellner","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Hansen, Gretchen","contributorId":174810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Gretchen","affiliations":[{"id":6964,"text":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70243055,"text":"70243055 - 2023 - 60 years and beyond of Reviews of Geophysics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-27T11:38:08.786963","indexId":"70243055","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-29T06:34:42","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"60 years and beyond of Reviews of Geophysics","docAbstract":"Reviews of Geophysics is an AGU journal, first established in February 1963. It is a hybrid open access invitation-only journal that publishes comprehensive review articles across various disciplines within the Earth and Space Sciences. The selection criteria are rigorous and many submissions are declined without review. The journal is the highest ranked in the fields of Geochemistry and Geophysics, with a high Journal Impact Factor (JIF2021 = 24.9), which is indicative of its high visibility and influence within the scientific community. The journal's published review papers, beyond a mere summary of literature, provide crucial context for current work, and establish the framework for comprehensive understanding of research progress, challenges, and interconnections between different communities, so that research may be appreciated by a broad audience. We emphasize the importance of publishing studies that provide a comprehensive overview and synthesis of the current state of knowledge in a field, especially in the case of geophysics, where knowledge is rapidly developing, increasing and becoming more specialized.
Phytoplankton are an important and limiting food source in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and San Francisco Bay. The decline of phytoplankton biomass is one potential factor in the decline of the protected Hypomesus transpacificus (delta smelt) and other pelagic organisms. The bivalves Corbicula fluminea and Potamocorbula amurensis (hereafter C. fluminea and P. amurensis, respectively) have been shown to control phytoplankton biomass in several locations throughout the San Francisco Bay and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta; therefore, knowledge of their distribution and population dynamics are of great interest.
Here, we describe the distribution and dynamics of bivalve biomass using samples collected by the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) as part of the benthic monitoring program in 2019. One element of DWR’s and the Bureau of Reclamation’s Environmental Monitoring Program—the Generalized Random Tessellation Stratified (GRTS) program—examines the spatial and temporal extent of C. fluminea and P. amurensis control on phytoplankton. Historically, the GRTS program sampled 175 benthic stations (50 stations that are monitored every year and 125 randomly selected new stations that are changed yearly) throughout the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and northern San Francisco Bay (San Pablo and Suisun Bays) during one week in May and October. In 2019, only the 50 annually replicated stations were sampled.
Corbicula fluminea and P. amurensis biomass and grazing rates had similar trends; therefore, the conclusions regarding biomass are applied to grazing rate data as well. Corbicula fluminea biomass decreased from May to October, whereas P. amurensis average biomass (reported increased from May (1 g ash-free-dry-tissue mass/square meter (g AFDM/m2) to October (2 g AFDM/m2). Although C. fluminea’s average biomass was lower in October (10 gAFDM/m2) than in May (20 gAFDM/m2), the highest single biomass value was also observed in October (300 gAFDM/m2). In both May and October, most stations that recorded high C. fluminea biomass values were located in the deep water (≥3 m of depth between the surface of the water and the surface of the substrate on the bottom) and were sampled in either rivers or sloughs. A relation between depth and biomass was not observed for P. amurensis.
Both C. fluminea and P. amurensis recruitment (recruits are considered animals ≤2.5mm in length in this study and recruitment is the process of recruits successfully settled to the bottom) increased from May to October. The total number of C. fluminea recruits more than doubled from May to October, whereas P. amurensis total recruitment increased by 8-fold during the same period. Most P. amurensis recruits in May can be attributed to one station, whereas the recruits in October were found at 14 stations. A relation between number of recruits and station depth was not evident for either C. fluminea or P. amurensis.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Zierdt Smith, E.L., Shrader, K.H., Thompson, J.K., Parchaso, F., Gehrts, K., and Wells, E., 2023, Bivalve effects on the food web supporting delta smelt—A spatially intensive study of bivalve recruitment, biomass, and grazing rate patterns with varying freshwater outflow in 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1102, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221102.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 15 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-120563","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93BAY64","description":"Zierdt Smith, E.L., Shrader, K.H., Parchaso, F., and Thompson, J.K., 2021, A spatially and temporally intensive sampling study of benthic community and bivalve metrics in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (ver. 2.0, May 2021): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P93BAY64.","linkHelpText":"A spatially and temporally intensive sampling study of benthic community and bivalve metrics in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (ver. 2.0, May 2021)"},{"id":414837,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1102/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":414838,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1102/ofr20221102.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Open-File Report 2022–1102"},{"id":415721,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221101","text":"Open-File Report 2022-1101","linkHelpText":"- Bivalve Effects on the Food Web Supporting Delta Smelt—A One-Year Study of Bivalve Recruitment, Biomass, and Grazing Rate Patterns with Varying Freshwater Outflow"},{"id":499721,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114617.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.32432978338892,\n 37.803391256717845\n ],\n [\n -121.87545670853471,\n 37.791400721304846\n ],\n [\n -121.29205898127825,\n 37.80121221377027\n ],\n [\n -121.31951299197254,\n 38.399657702215876\n ],\n [\n -122.30511197590273,\n 38.40180916920502\n ],\n [\n -122.32432978338892,\n 37.803391256717845\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Water Resources, Earth System Processes Division
U.S. Geological Survey
411 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
In 2021, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, drilled and constructed borehole TAN-2336 for stratigraphic framework analyses and long-term groundwater monitoring of the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory in southeastern Idaho. Borehole TAN-2336 initially was cored from the depths of 34.0–255.8 ft below land surface (BLS) to collect continuous geologic data and then redrilled to complete construction as a monitoring well completed to about 255 ft BLS. Three sediment layers are described in geophysical data, but only one was recovered in core and described as fine sand with evidence of ash (pumice) near 203 ft BLS. Basalt texture for borehole TAN-2336 generally was described as aphanitic, phaneritic, diktytaxitic, and porphyritic. Basalt flows varied from highly fractured to dense with high to low vesiculation.
Geophysical data were examined with photographed core material to make lithologic descriptions as well as suggest zones where groundwater flow was anticipated. Primary pathways for groundwater, fractured basalt, occur in two areas with the first occurrence near 232.0 ft BLS and the second occurrence near 248.6 ft BLS in borehole TAN-2336. The first occurrence was identified near the top of the water column (232.0 ft BLS) and is more pronounced than the bottom interval (248.6 ft BLS). The location of these fractures in borehole TAN-2336 appear to impact the aquifer tests that were conducted following final well construction. Single-well aquifer tests were completed July 14, 2021, to provide estimates of transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity. Estimates for transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity during aquifer test 1 were 1.24×103 feet squared per day (ft2/d) and 1.76 feet per day (ft/d), respectively. Estimates for transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity during aquifer test 2 were 1.22×103 ft2/d and 1.75 ft/d, respectively. The transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity estimates for well TAN-2336 were within range of those considered from previous aquifer tests in other wells near Test Area North.
Water-quality samples were analyzed for cations, anions, metals, nutrients, volatile organic compounds, stable isotopes, and radionuclides. Water samples for select inorganic constituents showed concentrations consistent with signatures from regional groundwater. Water-quality samples analyzed for stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen are consistent with signatures from irrigation and agricultural recharge inputs to the aquifer. Results for trichloroethene, vinyl chloride, and strontium-90 were all measured above their respective maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for public drinking water supplies. The nutrient concentration results are likely being impacted by the remediation amendment introduced to the aquifer to address trichloroethylene concentrations from past waste-disposal activities. These waste-disposal activities have resulted in volatile organic compound and radiochemical detections in groundwater samples collected at well TAN-2336.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235020","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","programNote":"DOE/ID-22260","usgsCitation":"Twining, B.V., Treinen, K.C., and Trcka, A.R., 2023, Completion summary for Borehole TAN-2336 at Test Area North, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5020, 33 p. plus appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235020.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 33 p.; Appendix: 2","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-137450","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414342,"rank":7,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5020/sir20235020.XML"},{"id":414336,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5020/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":414337,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5020/sir20235020.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5020"},{"id":414340,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235020/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2023-5020"},{"id":500714,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114615.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":414341,"rank":6,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5020/images"},{"id":414339,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5020/sir20235020_appendix2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"43.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5020 Appendix 2"},{"id":414338,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5020/sir20235020_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"218 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5020 Appendix 1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.07738340728746,\n 43.34536223650912\n ],\n [\n -112.07738340728746,\n 44.091416267461994\n ],\n [\n -113.46655634842513,\n 44.091416267461994\n ],\n [\n -113.46655634842513,\n 43.34536223650912\n ],\n [\n -112.07738340728746,\n 43.34536223650912\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Rd
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Using social media, we collect evidence for how nearshore fisheries are impacted by the global COVID-19 pandemic in Hawai’i. We later confirm our social media findings and obtain a more complete understanding of the changes in nearshore non-commercial fisheries in Hawai’i through a more conventional approach—speaking directly with fishers. Resource users posted photographs to social media nearly three times as often during the pandemic with nearly double the number of fishes pictured per post. Individuals who fished for subsistence were more likely to increase the amount of time spent fishing and relied more on their catch for food security. Furthermore, individuals fishing exclusively for subsistence were more likely to fish for different species during the pandemic than individuals fishing recreationally. Traditional data collection methods are resource-intensive and this study shows that during times of rapid changes, be it ecological or societal, social media can more quickly identify how near shore marine resource use adapts. As climate change threatens additional economic and societal disturbances, it will be necessary for resource managers to collect reliable data efficiently to better target monitoring and management efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ Inc","doi":"10.7717/peerj.14994","usgsCitation":"Grabowski, T.B., Benedum, M.E., Curley, A., Dill-De, C., and Shuey, M.L., 2023, Pandemic-driven changes in the nearshore non-commercial fishery in Hawai'i: Catch photos posted to social media capture changes in fisher behavior: PeerJ, v. 11, e14994, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14994.","productDescription":"e14994, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-140778","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14994","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":430275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hilo Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.113909840586,\n 19.85004375716514\n ],\n [\n -155.113909840586,\n 19.718858550527997\n ],\n [\n -154.9953832185561,\n 19.718858550527997\n ],\n [\n -154.9953832185561,\n 19.85004375716514\n ],\n [\n -155.113909840586,\n 19.85004375716514\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grabowski, Timothy B. 0000-0001-9763-8948 tgrabowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-8948","contributorId":4178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabowski","given":"Timothy","email":"tgrabowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":904106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benedum, Michelle E.","contributorId":339351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benedum","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13693,"text":"University of Colorado Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":904107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Curley, Andrew","contributorId":339352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curley","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81292,"text":"University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":904108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dill-De, Cole","contributorId":339353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dill-De","given":"Cole","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":904109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shuey, Michelle L.","contributorId":339354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shuey","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":81292,"text":"University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":904110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70249688,"text":"70249688 - 2023 - Satellite remote sensing of river discharge: A framework for assessing the accuracy of discharge estimates made from satellite remote sensing observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-25T13:30:03.270824","indexId":"70249688","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-28T08:24:03","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2172,"text":"Journal of Applied Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite remote sensing of river discharge: A framework for assessing the accuracy of discharge estimates made from satellite remote sensing observations","docAbstract":"This research presents an evaluation of the accuracy and uncertainty of estimates of river discharge made using satellite observed data sources as input to a modified form of Manning’s equation. Conventional U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow gaging station data and in-situ measurements of width, depth, height, slope, discharge, and velocity from 30 USGS gage sites were used as ground-truth to assess accuracy. This study explores accuracy in relation to the amount of ground truth information available, the number of calibration points available, and the accuracy of the input data. This research indicates that remotely sensed discharge estimates associated with the modified Manning equation may be expected to have an uncertainty in range of 10% overall given a sufficient number of calibration points. The uncertainty associated with the modified Manning algorithm increased markedly for depths <3 meters (m) and for discharges <1000 cubic meters per second (m3 / s) for many rivers after calibration. Rivers that exhibit (1) a wide range of flow conditions, (2) a significant number of dams in the watershed and along the channel, and (3) a high baseflow index are more likely to have relatively large errors overall and particularly at the low end of the streamflow range. Uncertainty in remotely sensed measurements of water-surface elevation (WSE) and width in the expected range (WSE, + / − 10 cm; Width, + / − 15 m) introduces uncertainty in the discharge estimates on the order of 10% and is greatest at the low end of discharge as rivers get shallower and narrower. As WSE and width measurement uncertainty increases, discharge uncertainty increases accordingly. In general, the observation errors are greater than the errors associated with the algorithm for a well-calibrated model (e.g., 20 calibration points). |
While rare species are vulnerable to global change, large declines in common species (i.e., those with large population sizes, large geographic distributions, and/or that are habitat generalists) also are of conservation concern. Understanding if and how commonness mediates species' responses to global change, including land cover change, can help guide conservation strategies. We explored avian population responses to land cover change along a gradient from common to rare species using avian data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) and land cover data from the National Land Cover Database for the conterminous United States. Specifically, we used generalized linear mixed effects models to ask if species' commonness affected the relationship between land cover and counts, using the initial amount of and change in land cover surrounding each North American BBS route from 2001 to 2016. We quantified species' commonness as a continuous metric at the national scale using the logarithm (base 10) of each species' total count across all routes in the conterminous United States in 2001. For our focal 15-year period, we found that higher proportions of initial natural land cover favored (i.e., were correlated with higher) counts of rare but not common species. We also found that commonness mediated how change in human land cover, but not natural land cover, was associated with species' counts at the end of the study period. Increases in developed lands did not favor counts of any species. Increases in agriculture and declines in pasture favored counts of common but not rare species. Our findings show a signal of commonness in how species respond to a major dimension of global change. Evaluating how and why commonness mediates species' responses to land cover change can help managers design conservation portfolios that sustain the spectrum of common to rare species.
Rehabilitation of large Anthropocene rivers requires engagement of diverse stakeholders across a broad range of sociopolitical boundaries. Competing objectives often constrain options for ecological restoration of large rivers whereas fewer competing objectives may exist in a subset of tributaries. Further, tributaries contribute toward building a “portfolio” of river ecosystem assets through physical and biological processes that may present opportunities to enhance the resilience of large river fishes. Our goal is to review roles of tributaries in enhancing mainstem large river fish populations. We present case histories from two greatly altered and distinct large-river tributary systems that highlight how tributaries contribute four portfolio assets to support large-river fish populations: 1) habitat diversity, 2) connectivity, 3) ecological asynchrony, and 4) density-dependent processes. Finally, we identify future research directions to advance our understanding of tributary roles and inform conservation actions. In the Missouri River United States, we focus on conservation efforts for the state endangered lake sturgeon, which inhabits large rivers and tributaries in the Midwest and Eastern United States. In the Colorado River, Grand Canyon United States, we focus on conservation efforts for recovery of the federally threatened humpback chub. In the Missouri River, habitat diversity focused on physical habitats such as substrate for reproduction, and deep-water habitats for refuge, whereas augmenting habitat diversity for Colorado River fishes focused on managing populations in tributaries with minimally impaired thermal and flow regimes. Connectivity enhancements in the Missouri River focused on increasing habitat accessibility that may require removal of physical structures like low-head dams; whereas in the Colorado River, the lack of connectivity may benefit native fishes as the disconnection provides refuge from non-native fish predation. Hydrologic variability among tributaries was present in both systems, likely underscoring ecological asynchrony. These case studies also described density dependent processes that could influence success of restoration actions. Although actions to restore populations varied by river system, these examples show that these four portfolio assets can help guide restoration activities across a diverse range of mainstem rivers and their tributaries. Using these assets as a guide, we suggest these can be transferable to other large river-tributary systems.
The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will vastly expand measurements of global rivers, providing critical new data sets for both gaged and ungaged basins. SWOT discharge products (available approximately 1 year after launch) will provide discharge for all river that reaches wider than 100 m. In this paper, we describe how SWOT discharge produced and archived by the US and French space agencies will be computed from measurements of river water surface elevation, width, and slope and ancillary data, along with expected discharge accuracy. We present for the first time a complete estimate of the SWOT discharge uncertainty budget, with separate terms for random (standard error) and systematic (bias) uncertainty components in river discharge time series. We expect that discharge uncertainty will be less than 30% for two-thirds of global reaches and will be dominated by bias. Separate river discharge estimates will combine both SWOT and in situ data; these “gage-constrained” discharge estimates can be expected to have lower systematic uncertainty. Temporal variations in river discharge time series will be dominated by random error and are expected to be estimated within 15% for nearly all reaches, allowing accurate inference of event flow dynamics globally, including in ungaged basins. We believe this level of accuracy lays the groundwork for SWOT to enable breakthroughs in global hydrologic science.
As the world develops sources of renewable energy, there is an intensifying interest in offshore wind energy production. The Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf (NES) ecosystem has favorable wind dynamics, with active development of wind energy. In this study, we present species distribution models that consider both occupancy and biomass responses for a broad spectrum of fish and macroinvertebrate taxa (n = 177). Building upon prior analyses, habitat was differentiated into overall and core habitats based on statistical distributions of habitat scores. Overall habitat was used to show each species' regional distribution based on fishery-independent survey captures between 1976 and 2019, whereas core habitat represented where the focus of the species' abundance was located as a subset of overall habitat. Wind energy developments may modify the water column in ways that impact lower-trophic-level productivity; therefore, added attention was given to the response of forage species. Over 20% of species showed preferential use of putative and potential wind development areas, including a disproportionate number of forage taxa. Principal usage varied by season, with forage species like Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus and Atlantic Mackerel Scomber scombrus preferentially using the lease areas in spring and Round Herring Etrumeus teres and longfin inshore squid Doryteuthis pealeii using lease areas in autumn. For species with relatively low usage of the lease areas, there was a tendency for the usage related to overall habitat to be lower than usage for core habitat; in contrast, for species with high usage of the lease areas, that usage was higher for overall habitat than for core habitat. The area of habitat tended to have positive trends across species, with these positive trends being disproportionately higher among forage taxa. These results frame the importance of wind lease areas for species in the NES, particularly forage taxa that fulfill many important ecological functions.
Rising coastal flood risk and recent disasters are driving interest in the construction of gated storm surge barriers worldwide, with current studies recommending barriers for at least 11 estuaries in the United States alone. Surge barriers partially block estuary-ocean exchange with infrastructure across an estuary or its inlet and include gated areas that are closed only during flood events. They can alter the stratification and salt intrusion, change sedimentary systems, and curtail animal migration and ecosystem connectivity, with impacts growing larger with increasing gate closures. Existing barriers are being used with increasing frequency due to sea level rise. New barrier proposals typically come with maximum closure frequency recommendations, yet the future adherence to them is uncertain. Given that the broader environmental effects and coupled-human dynamics of surge barriers are not well-understood, we present an interdisciplinary research agenda for this increasingly prevalent modification to our coastal zone.
Drinking water supplies across the United States have been contaminated by firefighting and fire-training activities that use aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Much of the AFFF is manufactured using electrochemical fluorination by 3M. Precursors with six perfluorinated carbons (C6) and non-fluorinated amine substituents make up approximately one-third of the PFAS in 3M AFFF. C6 precursors can be transformed through nitrification (microbial oxidation) of amine moieties into perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), a compound of regulatory concern. Here, we report biotransformation of the most abundant C6 sulfonamido precursors in 3M AFFF with available commercial standards (FHxSA, PFHxSAm, and PFHxSAmS) in microcosms representative of the groundwater/surface water boundary. Results show rapid (<1 day) biosorption to living cells by precursors but slow biotransformation into PFHxS (1–100 pM day–1). The transformation pathway includes one or two nitrification steps and is supported by the detection of key intermediates using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Increasing nitrate concentrations and total abundance of nitrifying taxa occur in parallel with precursor biotransformation. Together, these data provide multiple lines of evidence supporting microbially limited biotransformation of C6 sulfonamido precursors involving ammonia-oxidizing archaea (Nitrososphaeria) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (Nitrospina). Further elucidation of interrelationships between precursor biotransformation and nitrogen cycling in ecosystems would help inform site remediation efforts.
Aqueous film-forming foams historically were used during fire training activities on Joint Base Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and created an extensive per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) groundwater contamination plume. The potential for PFAS bioconcentration from exposure to the contaminated groundwater, which discharges to surface water bodies, was assessed with mobile-laboratory experiments using groundwater from the contamination plume and a nearby reference location. The on-site continuous-flow 21-day exposures used male and female fathead minnows, freshwater mussels, polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS), and polyethylene tube samplers (PETS) to evaluate biotic and abiotic uptake. The composition of the PFAS-contaminated groundwater was complex and 9 PFAS were detected in the reference groundwater and 17 PFAS were detected in the contaminated groundwater. The summed PFAS concentrations ranged from 120 to 140 ng L–1 in reference groundwater and 6100 to 15,000 ng L–1 in contaminated groundwater. Biotic concentration factors (CFb) for individual PFAS were species, sex, source, and compound-specific and ranged from 2.9 to 1000 L kg–1 in whole-body male fish exposed to contaminated groundwater for 21 days. The fish and mussel CFb generally increased with increasing fluorocarbon chain length and were greater for sulfonates than for carboxylates. The exception was perfluorohexane sulfonate, which deviated from the linear trend and had a 10-fold difference in CFb between sites, possibly because of biotransformation of precursors such as perfluorohexane sulfonamide. Uptake for most PFAS in male fish was linear over time, whereas female fish had bilinear uptake indicated by an initial increase in tissue concentrations followed by a decrease. Uptake of PFAS was less for mussels (maximum CFb = 200) than for fish, and mussel uptake of most PFAS also was bilinear. Although abiotic concentration factors were greater than CFb, and values for POCIS were greater than for PETS, passive samplers were useful for assessing PFAS that potentially bioconcentrate in fish but are present at concentrations below method quantitation limits in water. Passive samplers also accumulate short-chain PFAS that are not bioconcentrated.