As residential development, on-site wastewater disposal, and groundwater contamination increase in the coastal zone, assessment of nutrient removal by soil and sedimentary processes becomes increasingly important. Nitrogen removal efficiency depends largely on the specific flow paths taken by groundwater as it discharges into nitrogen-limited estuarine waters. Shoreline salinity surveys, hydraulic studies, and thermal infrared imagery indicated that groundwater discharge into the Nauset Marsh estuary (Eastham, Massachusetts) occurred in high-velocity seeps immediately seaward of the upland-fringing salt marsh. Discharge was highly variable spatially and occurred through permeable, sandy sediments during low tide. Seepage chamber monitoring showed that dissolved inorganic nitrogen (principally nitrate) traversed nearly conservatively from the aquifer through shallow estuarine sediments to coastal waters at flux rates of 1–3 mmol m−2 h−1. A significant relationship between pore water NO3-N concentrations and NO3-N flux rates may provide a rapid method of estimating nitrogen loading from groundwater to the water column.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR02167","usgsCitation":"Portnoy, J.W., Nowicki, B., Roman, C.T., and Urish, D., 1998, The discharge of nitrate-contaminated groundwater from developed shoreline to marsh-fringed estuary: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 11, p. 3095-3104, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR02167.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3095","endPage":"3104","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479675,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cve_facpubs/346","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":201896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusets","city":"Eastham","otherGeospatial":"Nauset Marsh estuary","volume":"34","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6683af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Portnoy, J. W.","contributorId":31492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Portnoy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowicki, B.L.","contributorId":14085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowicki","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roman, C. T.","contributorId":79579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Urish, D.W.","contributorId":61126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urish","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":22856,"text":"ofr98565 - 1998 - Water-quality characteristics of urban storm runoff at selected sites in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, April 1993 through June 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-28T21:35:35.718316","indexId":"ofr98565","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-565","title":"Water-quality characteristics of urban storm runoff at selected sites in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, April 1993 through June 1995","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98565","usgsCitation":"Demcheck, D.K., Frederick, C.P., and Johnson, K.L., 1998, Water-quality characteristics of urban storm runoff at selected sites in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, April 1993 through June 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-565, v, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98565.","productDescription":"v, 59 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407561,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16373.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52275,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0565/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0565/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"East Baton Rouge Parish","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.25,\n 30.283\n ],\n [\n -90.967,\n 30.283\n ],\n [\n -90.967,\n 30.567\n ],\n [\n -91.25,\n 30.567\n ],\n [\n -91.25,\n 30.283\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fafa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demcheck, Dennis K. 0000-0003-2981-078X ddemchec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-078X","contributorId":3273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demcheck","given":"Dennis","email":"ddemchec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":189005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frederick, C. Paul 0000-0003-1762-519X pfreder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1762-519X","contributorId":84793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederick","given":"C.","email":"pfreder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Kurt L.","contributorId":107313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":42436,"text":"ofr98759 - 1998 - Sedimentation and bathymetric change in San Pablo Bay: 1856-1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T21:08:10.501592","indexId":"ofr98759","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-759","title":"Sedimentation and bathymetric change in San Pablo Bay: 1856-1983","docAbstract":"A long-term perspective of erosion and deposition in San Francisco Bay is vital to understanding and managing wetland change, harbor and channel siltation, and other sediment-related phenomena such as particle and particle-associated substance (pollutants, trace metals, etc.) transport and deposition. A quantitative comparison of historical hydrographic surveys provides this perspective. This report presents results of such a comparison for San Pablo Bay, California. Six hydrographic surveys from 1856 to 1983 were analyzed to determine long-term changes in the sediment system of San Pablo Bay. Each survey was gridded using surface modeling software. Changes between survey periods were computed by differencing grids. Patterns and volumes of erosion and deposition in the Bay are derived from difference grids. More than 350 million cubic meters of sediment was deposited in San Pablo Bay from 1856 to 1983. This is equivalent to a Baywide accumulation rate of approximately 1 cm/yr. However, sediment deposition was not constant over time or throughout the Bay. Over two-thirds of that sediment was debris from hydraulic mining that accumulated from 1856 to 1887. During this period, deposition occurred in nearly the entire Bay. In contrast, from 1951 to 1983 much of the Bay changed from being depositional to erosional as sediment supply diminished and currents and waves continued to remove sediment from the Bay. The decrease in sediment supply is likely the result of upstream flood-control and water-distribution projects that have reduced peak flows, which are responsible for the greatest sediment transport. One consequence of the change in sedimentation was a loss of about half of the tidal flat areas from the late 1800's to the 1980's. Change in sedimentation must also have affected flow in the Bay, areas where polluted sediments were deposited, exchange of sediment between the nearshore and wetlands, and wave energy reaching the shoreline that was available to erode wetlands. Further work is needed. Studies of historical wetland change and the relationship between change and man-made and natural influences would be valuable for developing sound wetland management plans. Additionally, extending the historical hydrographic and wetland change analyses eastward into Suisun Bay will improve the understanding of the North Bay sediment system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98759","usgsCitation":"Jaffe, B.E., Smith, R.E., and Torresan, L.Z., 1998, Sedimentation and bathymetric change in San Pablo Bay: 1856-1983: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-759, 1 Poster: 33.76 x 25.82 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98759.","productDescription":"1 Poster: 33.76 x 25.82 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1855-12-31","temporalEnd":"1983-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393256,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13077.htm"},{"id":108347,"rank":700,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0759/pdf/of98-759.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"13077"},{"id":176684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr98759.jpg"},{"id":3686,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0759/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285871,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0759/of98-759.eps"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Pablo Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.513573,37.960066 ], [ -122.513573,38.169213 ], [ -122.233034,38.169213 ], [ -122.233034,37.960066 ], [ -122.513573,37.960066 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660631","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":226482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Richard E.","contributorId":40606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torresan, Laura Zink","contributorId":34193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torresan","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"Zink","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31115,"text":"ofr98432 - 1998 - Aeromagnetic survey of parts of the Black River Lake, Eau Claire, Hastings, Stillwater and Winona 1:100,000 quadrangles in Wisconsin: North-east sheet: Total magnetic intensity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-21T21:46:43.420766","indexId":"ofr98432","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-432","title":"Aeromagnetic survey of parts of the Black River Lake, Eau Claire, Hastings, Stillwater and Winona 1:100,000 quadrangles in Wisconsin: North-east sheet: Total magnetic intensity","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98432","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998, Aeromagnetic survey of parts of the Black River Lake, Eau Claire, Hastings, Stillwater and Winona 1:100,000 quadrangles in Wisconsin: North-east sheet: Total magnetic intensity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-432, 1 Plate: 54.00 × 37.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98432.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 54.00 × 37.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404303,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17811.htm"},{"id":19278,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0432/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Black River Lake, Eau Claire, Hastings, Stillwater and Winona quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.645,\n 44.583\n ],\n [\n -91.1670,\n 44.583\n ],\n [\n -91.1670,\n 44.8330\n ],\n [\n -91.645,\n 44.8330\n ],\n [\n -91.645,\n 44.583\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689d60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26834,"text":"wri984185 - 1998 - Surface-water/ground-water relations in the Lemhi River Basin, east-central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-09T18:19:20","indexId":"wri984185","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4185","title":"Surface-water/ground-water relations in the Lemhi River Basin, east-central Idaho","docAbstract":"This report summarizes work carried out in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation to provide hydrologic information to help Federal, State, and local agencies meet the goals of the Lemhi River Model Watershed Project. The primary goal of the project is to maintain, enhance, and restore anadromous and resident fish habitat in the Lemhi River, while maintaining a balance between resource protection and established water uses. The main objectives of the study were to carry out seepage measurements to determine seasonal distributed gains and losses in the Lemhi River and to estimate annual ground-water underflow from the basin to the Salmon River. In 1997, seepage measurements were made during and after the irrigation season along a 60-mile reach of the Lemhi River between Leadore and Salmon. Except for one 4-mile reach that lost 1.3 cubic feet per second per mile, the river gained from ground water in early August when ground-water levels were high. Highest flows in the Lemhi River in early August were about 400 cubic feet per second. In October, when ground-water levels were low, river losses to ground water were about 1 to 16 cubic feet per second per mile. In October, highest flows in the Lemhi River were about 500 cubic feet per second, near the river's mouth. Annual ground-water underflow from the Lemhi River Basin to the Salmon River was estimated by using a simplified water budget and by using Darcy's equation. The water-budget method contained large uncertainties associated with estimating precipitation and evapotranspiration. Results of both methods indicate that the quantity of ground water leaving the basin as underflow is small, probably less than 2 percent of the basin's total annual water yield.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984185","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Donato, M.M., 1998, Surface-water/ground-water relations in the Lemhi River Basin, east-central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4185, iv, 25 p.; Appendix 2, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984185.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.; Appendix 2","numberOfPages":"34","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"1997-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262327,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4185/report.pdf"},{"id":262328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4185/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","city":"Leadore;Lemhi;Tendoy;Salmon","otherGeospatial":"Salmon River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0038,44.3964 ], [ -114.0038,45.1977 ], [ -112.9929,45.1977 ], [ -112.9929,44.3964 ], [ -114.0038,44.3964 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd438","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donato, Mary M.","contributorId":30962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donato","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29385,"text":"wri984096 - 1998 - Quantification of deep percolation from two flood-irrigated alfalfa fields, Roswell Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-24T21:33:20.414451","indexId":"wri984096","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4096","title":"Quantification of deep percolation from two flood-irrigated alfalfa fields, Roswell Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"For many years water management in the Roswell ground-water basin (Roswell \r\nBasin) and other declared basins in New Mexico has been the responsibility \r\nof the State of New Mexico. One of the water management issues requiring \r\nbetter quantification is the amount of deep percolation from applied \r\nirrigation water. Two adjacent fields, planted in alfalfa, were studied \r\nto determine deep percolation by the water-budget, volumetric-moisture,\r\nand chloride mass-balance methods. Components of the water-budget method \r\nwere measured, in study plots called borders, for both fields during the \r\n1996 irrigation season. The amount of irrigation water applied in the west \r\nborder was 95.8 centimeters and in the east border was 169.8 centimeters. \r\nThe total amount of precipitation that fell during the irrigation season \r\nwas 21.9 centimeters. The increase in soil-moisture storage from the \r\nbeginning to the end of the irrigation season was 3.2 centimeters in the \r\nwest border and 8.8 centimeters in the east border. Evapotranspiration, \r\nas estimated by the Bowen ratio energy balance technique, in the west \r\nborder was 97.8 centimeters and in the east border was 101.0 centimeters.\r\nDeep percolation determined using the water-budget method was 16.4 centimeters \r\nin the west border and 81.6 centimeters in the east border. An average deep \r\npercolation of 22.3 centimeters in the west border and 31.6 centimeters in \r\nthe east border was determined using the volumetric-moisture method. The \r\nchloride mass-balance method determined the multiyear deep percolation to be \r\n15.0 centimeters in the west border and 38.0 centimeters in the east border. \r\nLarge differences in the amount of deep percolation between the two borders \r\ncalculated by the water-budget method are due to differences in the amount \r\nof water that was applied to each border. More water was required to flood \r\nthe east border because of the greater permeability of the soils in that \r\nfield and the smaller rate at which water could be applied.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984096","usgsCitation":"Roark, D., and Healy, D.F., 1998, Quantification of deep percolation from two flood-irrigated alfalfa fields, Roswell Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4096, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984096.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392114,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48968.htm"},{"id":159762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4096/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95760,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4096/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Roswell Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.4042,\n 33.175\n ],\n [\n -104.3833,\n 33.175\n ],\n [\n -104.3833,\n 33.1833\n ],\n [\n -104.4042,\n 33.1833\n ],\n [\n -104.4042,\n 33.175\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633dde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roark, D. Michael mroark@usgs.gov","contributorId":2821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roark","given":"D. Michael","email":"mroark@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":201445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, D. F.","contributorId":97120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25435,"text":"wri984213 - 1998 - Detailed study of selenium and selected constituents in water, bottom sediment, soil, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the San Juan River area, New Mexico, 1991-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-29T09:42:14","indexId":"wri984213","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4213","title":"Detailed study of selenium and selected constituents in water, bottom sediment, soil, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the San Juan River area, New Mexico, 1991-95","docAbstract":"In response to increasing concern about the quality of irrigation drainage and its potential effects on fish, wildlife, and human health, the U.S. Department of the Interior began the National Irrigation Water Quality Program (NIWQP) to investigate these concerns at irrigation projects sponsored by the Department. The San Juan River area in northwestern New Mexico was one of the areas designated for study.
Study teams composed of scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Reclamation, and the Bureau of Indian Affairs collected water, bottom-sediment, soil, and biological samples at 61 sites in the San Juan River area during 1993-94. Supplemental data collection conducted during 1991-95 by the Bureau of Indian Affairs and its contractor extended the time period and sampling sites available for analysis. Analytical chemistry performed on samples indicated that most potentially toxic elements other than selenium generally were not high enough to be of concern to fish, wildlife, and human health.
Element concentrations in some water, bottom-sediment, soil, and biological samples exceeded applicable standards and criteria suggested by researchers in current literature. Selenium concentrations in water samples from 28 sites in the study area exceeded the 2-microgramper-liter (lg/L) wildlife-habitat standard. Vanadium concentrations in water exceeded the 100-Kg/L standard for livestock-drinking water at one site. In biota, selenium and aluminum concentrations regularly equaled or exceeded avian dietary threshold concentrations. In bottom sediment and soil, element concentrations above the upper limit of the baseline range for western soils were: selenium, 24 exceedances; lead, 2 exceedances; molybdenum, 2 exceedances;strontium, 4 exceedances; and zinc, 4 exceedances.
Concentrations of total selenium in bottom-sediment and soil samples were significantly greater for Cretaceous than for non-Cretaceous soil types in the study area and were generally similar for habitats within and outside irrigation-affected areas. Mean and median total-selenium concentrations in samples from areas with Cretaceous soil types were 4.6 and 2.2 micrograms per gram (ps/g), respectively. Mean and median total-selenium concentrations in samples from areas with non-Cretaceous soil types were 0.6 and 0.15 pg/g, respectively.
Samples from the study area had low concentrations of organic constituents. Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls were detected in a few biological samples at low concentrations. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds were not detected in whole-water samples collected using conventional water-sampling techniques. In tests involving the use of semipermeable-membrane devices to supplement conventional water assays for PAH's, low concentrations of PAH's were found at several locations in the Hammond Irrigation Supply Canal, but were not detected in the Hammond ponds at the downstream reach of the Hammond irrigation service area. PAH compounds do not appear to reach the San Juan River through the Hammond Canal.
Data indicate that water samples from irrigation-drainage-affected habitats had increased mean selenium concentrations compared with samples from irrigation-delivery habitat. The mean selenium concentration in water was greatest at seeps and tributaries draining irrigated land (17 μg/L); less in irrigation drains and in ponds on irrigated land (61.tg/L); and least in backwater, the San Juan River, and irrigation-supply water (0.5 - 0.6 μg/L).
Statistical tests imply that irrigation significantly increases selenium concentrations in water samples when a Department of the Interior irrigation project is developed on selenium-rich sediments. Water samples from sites with Cretaceous soils had significantly greater selenium concentrations than water samples from sites with non-Cretaceous soils. Water samples from Department of the Interior project irrigation-drainage sites developed on Cretaceous soils contained a mean selenium concentration about 10 times greater than those in samples from Department of the Interior project sites developed on non-Cretaceous soils.
Selenium was much less concentrated in water than in bottom sediment, soil, or biota in the study area. The range in concentrations of dissolved selenium in water was less than 1 ptg/L to 37 1.1g/L (less than 1 to 37 parts per billion). The range in concentrations of total selenium in bottom sediment and soil was less than 0.1 to 23lig/g (less than 100 to 23,000 parts per billion). The range in concentration of selenium in biota was less than 0.1 to 24.0 fig/g (less than 100 to 24,000 parts per billion).
Data indicated that bioaccumulation and leaching from soil were the important processes at the study area that lead to elevated levels of selenium. Other processes examined included: (1) evapoconcentration of selenium; (2) atmospheric deposition of aerosols containing selenium; and (3) contamination of surface water by point-source or non-point-source discharges.
Selenium concentrations in biological samples were evaluated by a number of variables including: (1) media sampled (emergent and submergent plants, nektonic and benthic invertebrates, omnivore/herbivore and carnivore fish, and terrestrial and aquatic amphibians); (2) habitat (San Juan River main-stem reaches, backwaters, tributary reaches, irrigation delivery or drainage canals, and ponds); (3) irrigation project area and reference sites; and (4) soil type (non-Cretaceous or Cretaceous soils). Graphical techniques and nonparametric statistical tests were applied to determine the influence of selected physiographic variables on selenium concentrations in biological samples collected in the San Juan River area. Species of sucker and of smaller fish contained significantly higher selenium concentrations in the upstream portion of the river where a productive community of plants and animals is found that is associated with warming, nutrient-rich waters discharged from an upstream reservoir.
Selenium concentrations in algae, odonates, and mosquitofish collected from both irrigation-drain and pond habitats underlain by Cretaceous soils were significantly greater than in those collected from similar habitats underlain by non-Cretaceous soils. Investigators conclude that the major factor affecting the variability of selenium accumulation in biota at aquatic habitats was the presence of underlying Cretaceous soils. Median selenium concentrations were less than 2 lAg/g for plant samples, less than 7 μg/g for invertebrate samples, and less than 6 lAg/g for whole-fish samples collected from aquatic habitats underlain by non-Cretaceous soils. Similar samples collected from aquatic habitats underlain by Cretaceous soils contained median selenium concentrations two to five times greater. Leaching of selenium from Cretaceous soils in the San Juan River area increases the accumulation of selenium concentrations in the biota and thereby increases the exposure and potential health risks associated with selenium to migratory birds, fish, and other wildlife that use these aquatic habitats extensively. Aquatic habitats presenting the greatest average exposure to excess selenium concentrations in the diets of resident wildlife are from consumption of plants, invertebrates, and fish at irrigation-drain habitats underlain by Cretaceous soils.
Of the irrigation projects evaluated in the San Juan River area, the highest median selenium concentrations in algae, cattail leaves, odonate nymphs, mosquitofish, and leopard frog samples from the study area were collected from the east hogback irrigation drain.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984213","usgsCitation":"Thomas, C.L., Wilson, R., Lusk, J.D., Bristol, R.S., and Shineman, A., 1998, Detailed study of selenium and selected constituents in water, bottom sediment, soil, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the San Juan River area, New Mexico, 1991-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4213, v, 84 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984213.","productDescription":"v, 84 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":367066,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4213/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4213/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.04754638671875,\n 36.423492513472326\n ],\n [\n -107.39959716796875,\n 36.423492513472326\n ],\n [\n -107.39959716796875,\n 37.00035919622158\n ],\n [\n -109.04754638671875,\n 37.00035919622158\n ],\n [\n -109.04754638671875,\n 36.423492513472326\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b1e4b07f02db5307ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Carole L.","contributorId":50938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Carole","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, R.M.","contributorId":100417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lusk, J. D.","contributorId":72015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lusk","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bristol, R. S. 0000-0003-1682-4031","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-4031","contributorId":93931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bristol","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shineman, A.R.","contributorId":68338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shineman","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":30024,"text":"wri974194 - 1998 - A survey of ground-water quality in the Toppenish Creek basin, Yakama Indian Reservation, Washington, 1989-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-10T22:47:58.14018","indexId":"wri974194","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4194","title":"A survey of ground-water quality in the Toppenish Creek basin, Yakama Indian Reservation, Washington, 1989-91","docAbstract":"Ground-water quality in the Toppenish Creek Basin, near Yakima, Washington, is generally good with respect to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking water standards. Of 487 wells sampled during one phase of the study, only 2 produced water with nitrite-plus-nitrate concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standard of 10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Ground-water samples with elevated nitriteplus-nitrate concentrations (greater than 5 milligrams per liter as nitrogen) were obtained from wells located in the eastern and southern parts of the basin and in areas underlain by the Touchet Beds, in the central part of the basin. In another phase of the study, in which 60 wells were sampled, atrazine, an herbicide used on asparagus and corn, was detected in water samples from 4 wells, and 2 insecticides, diazinon and disulfoton, were detected in separate samples from 2 wells.
Bacteria, indicators of the sanitary water quality, were detected in samples from 64 wells, suggesting that ground water may be contaminated in some areas. However, other sources of bacteria may include leaks in the plumbing of the well or residence, or improper well construction.
Small seasonal variations in nitrite-plus-nitrate concentrations in ground water appeared to be related to fertilizer use in the basin, indicating that the potential exists for more serious contamination of ground water. Groundwater quality is affected by agricultural activities in some parts of the basin. However, widespread degradation in ground-water quality was not detected.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974194","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Yakama Indian Nation","usgsCitation":"Sumioka, S.S., 1998, A survey of ground-water quality in the Toppenish Creek basin, Yakama Indian Reservation, Washington, 1989-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4194, Report: v, 89 p.; 5 Plates: 36.00 x 23.95 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974194.","productDescription":"Report: v, 89 p.; 5 Plates: 36.00 x 23.95 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424291,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48805.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":365973,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":365972,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":365971,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126740,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":365969,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":365970,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58830,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakama Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.25,\n 46.1\n ],\n [\n -120.1,\n 46.1\n ],\n [\n -120.1,\n 46.6\n ],\n [\n -121.25,\n 46.6\n ],\n [\n -121.25,\n 46.1\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5e4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sumioka, S. S.","contributorId":20747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumioka","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27897,"text":"wri984183 - 1998 - Lithology and fracture characterization from drilling investigations in the Mirror Lake area, Grafton County, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T19:10:01","indexId":"wri984183","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4183","title":"Lithology and fracture characterization from drilling investigations in the Mirror Lake area, Grafton County, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"The lithology and fracture network of the bedrock aquifer in the Mirror Lake area were characterized from hydrogeologic data collected from 1979-95 in Grafton County, N.H. The collection of these data is an integral part of an ongoing multidisciplinary study by the U.S. Geological Survey to characterize groundwater flow and solute transport in fractured rock. The data provide a physical framework and enable the characterization of the fractures and the rock types in the bedrock aquifer in the Mirror Lake study area. In addition, these data provide a detailed description of the subsurface intersected by boreholes that can be used to compare the results of other borehole testing.
The Mirror Lake area is characterized by steep bedrock uplands that are mostly covered by colluvium, discontinuous stratified-drift deposits, and glacial till that varies locally in thickness from less than 10 meters to as much as 50 meters. The land-surface altitude ranges from 180 meters near the Pemigewasset River to 720 meters on the mountain top on the northwestern side of the study area. The bedrock in the area is predominantly sillimanite-grade pelitic schists that have been complexly folded and intruded by granitoids, pegmatites, and diabase dikes. The bedrock has been fractured in response to local and tectonic stress. The resulting interconnected network of fractures forms the bedrock aquifer.
This report describes the lithologic units in the study area and provides a characterization of the lithology and fractures found in 40 boreholes, which range in depth from 60 to 305 meters, that were drilled for this study. Drilling logs and color video surveys were used to locate and characterize the fractures and rock types in the subsurface. Solid bedrock core was obtained from three of the boreholes. Petrographic thin-section, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry analyses were done on selected samples from boreholes and outcrops. Observations recorded at the time of drilling, descriptions of rock samples collected from the boreholes, interpretation of rock type and fractures based on boreholeimaging surveys, descriptions of rock core and petrographic analyses of selected rock samples are in tables and figures.
Analysis of the data provided information on the distribution of fractures and lithology in the boreholes at Mirror Lake. The relative abundances of the rock types were computed for three groups of boreholes, including (1) the Forest Service Experimental (FSE) well field, (2) the Camp Osceola (CO) well field, and (3) the index boreholes, which are 15 boreholes distributed areally throughout the study area including the deepest borehole from each of the two well fields. The index boreholes are separated by hundreds of meters and are typically 100 meters deep. The FSE well field includes 13 boreholes that are separated by 10 to 40 meters. These 13 boreholes are approximately 100 meters deep, except for one borehole that is 230 meters deep. The rocks penetrated by the FSE wells are predominantly igneous. Approximately 70 percent of the rocks encountered in the boreholes in the FSE well field were granite, pegmatite, and aplite. The CO well field includes 9 boreholes that range from 60-70 meters deep and one borehole that is 175 meters deep. The rocks encountered in these boreholes were predominantly metamorphic. The distribution of rock types in the CO well field is similar to the distribution of rocks in highway roadcuts, that are approximately 90 to 150 meters east of the well field. Seventy percent of the roadcut exposures are schist. Collectively, in the 15 index boreholes, the metamorphic and igneous rocks are equally distributed. Analysis of the rock types in these boreholes indicates that the rock types tend to \"change\" every 5 to 9 meters.
Although the metamorphic and igneous rocks each comprise approximately 50 percent of the rock types observed in the 15 index boreholes, 73 percent of the fractures were in the igneous rocks. This indicates that the granitoids tend to be more fractured than the metamorphic rocks. Pegmatite, diabase, quartzite, and gneissic rocks are relatively unfractured.
Boreholes completed in bedrock generally have one or two water-bearing zones, which were identified during the drilling process. At the completion of drilling a borehole, the driller estimated the yield of the borehole with an air-lift test. Yields estimated by drillers ranged from less than 3 to 378 liters per minute. These yields are typical of the yields measured for domestic wells in Grafton County. Water levels measured in the open boreholes after the boreholes recovered from the hydraulic stresses of drilling were usually in the steel casing and were within 10 meters of the land surface. Water levels in eight of the boreholes were above the top of casing or above land surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984183","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C., and Dunstan, A., 1998, Lithology and fracture characterization from drilling investigations in the Mirror Lake area, Grafton County, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4183, 211 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984183.","productDescription":"211 p.","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4183/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95675,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4183/report.pdf","size":"15085","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Mirror Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.83170318603514,\n 43.92151348238157\n ],\n [\n -71.67703628540039,\n 43.92151348238157\n ],\n [\n -71.67703628540039,\n 43.97391632692082\n ],\n [\n -71.83170318603514,\n 43.97391632692082\n ],\n [\n -71.83170318603514,\n 43.92151348238157\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635c39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, C. D.","contributorId":8120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunstan, A.H.","contributorId":98759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunstan","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26675,"text":"wri984175 - 1998 - Ground-water quality in the Red River of the North Basin, Minnesota and North Dakota, 1991-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T10:19:33","indexId":"wri984175","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4175","title":"Ground-water quality in the Red River of the North Basin, Minnesota and North Dakota, 1991-95","docAbstract":"Surveys of water quality in surficial, buried glacial, and Cretaceous aquifers in the Red River of the North Basin during 1991-95 showed that some major-ion, nutrient, pesticide, and radioactive-element concentrations differed by physiographic area and differed among these aquifer types. Waters in surficial aquifers in the Drift Prairie (west) and Lake Plain (central) physiographic areas were similar to each other but significantly higher than those in the Moraine (east) area in dissolved solids, sodium, potassium, sulfate, fluoride, silica, and uranium concentrations. Radium, iron, nitrate, and nitrite concentrations were also significantly different among these areas. Pesticides were detected in 12 percent of waters in surficial aquifers in the Drift Prairie area, 20 percent of those in the Lake Plain area, and 52 percent of those in the Moraine area. Triazines and bentazon accounted for 98 percent of summed pesticide concentrations in waters in surficial aquifers. Waters in buried glacial aquifers in the central one-third of the basin had significantly higher concentrations of dissolved solids, sodium, potassium, chloride, fluoride, and iron than did waters in surficial aquifers. No pesticides were detected in five samples from buried glacial aquifers or six samples from Cretaceous aquifers. Waters in all sampled aquifers had a calcium-magnesium ratio of about 1.75 ± 0.75 across the basin regardless of anionic composition.
\nAgricultural land use and soil texture can explain pesticide distributions; soil texture best explains nutrient distributions in waters in surficial aquifers. Confining beds protect waters in buried glacial aquifers from land use effects, resulting in no or low concentrations of nutrients and pesticides. Upward movement of bedrock waters high in dissolved solids concentration can increase concentrations in waters in buried glacial and, to a lesser degree, waters in surficial aquifers in the Lake Plain and Drift Prairie areas. Waters in surficial aquifers exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum contaminant level in drinking water for nitrate in the Drift Prairie (27 percent) and Moraine (8 percent) areas. Their limited areal extent and susceptibility to contamination restrict the usefulness of surficial aquifers as a drinking water source. Waters in buried glacial aquifers exceeded USEPA health advisories for dissolved solids, sodium, and manganese. Sixty-six percent of waters in surficial aquifers also exceeded the Health Advisory for manganese.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri984175","usgsCitation":"Cowdery, T., 1998, Ground-water quality in the Red River of the North Basin, Minnesota and North Dakota, 1991-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4175, vi, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984175.","productDescription":"vi, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4175/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95619,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4175/report.pdf","size":"4772","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Red River of the North Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.4052734375, 49.001843917978526 ], [ -99.99755859375, 48.99463598353408 ], [ -99.964599609375, 48.915279853443806 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.88639177703194 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.719961222646276 ], [ -99.86572265625, 48.61112192003074 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.46563710044979 ], [ -99.68994140625, 48.356249029540706 ], [ -99.6240234375, 48.22467264956519 ], [ -99.700927734375, 48.122101028190805 ], [ -99.82177734375, 48.004625021133904 ], [ -99.99755859375, 47.98256841921402 ], [ -100.338134765625, 47.98256841921402 ], [ -100.294189453125, 47.879512933970496 ], [ -100.21728515624999, 47.82053186746053 ], [ -100.294189453125, 47.7097615426664 ], [ -100.4150390625, 47.62097541515849 ], [ -100.51391601562499, 47.53203824675999 ], [ -100.250244140625, 47.42065432071321 ], [ -100.01953125, 47.35371061951363 ], [ -99.84374999999999, 47.4355191531953 ], [ -99.766845703125, 47.60616304386874 ], [ -99.6240234375, 47.71715357016648 ], [ -99.393310546875, 47.73193447949174 ], [ -99.140625, 47.746711194756 ], [ -98.76708984374999, 47.68757916850813 ], [ -98.602294921875, 47.62097541515849 ], [ -98.4814453125, 47.47266286861342 ], [ -98.536376953125, 47.30903424774781 ], [ -98.58032226562499, 47.15236927446393 ], [ -98.45947265625, 46.965259400349275 ], [ -98.32763671875, 46.7549166192819 ], [ -98.118896484375, 46.626806395355175 ], [ -98.052978515625, 46.55886030311719 ], [ -98.19580078125, 46.430285240839964 ], [ -98.15185546874999, 46.255846818480336 ], [ -98.052978515625, 46.05036097561633 ], [ -97.943115234375, 45.91294412737392 ], [ -97.701416015625, 45.85176048817254 ], [ -97.31689453125, 45.836454050187726 ], [ -97.152099609375, 45.897654534346884 ], [ -96.96533203125, 45.897654534346884 ], [ -96.88842773437499, 45.78284835197676 ], [ -96.767578125, 45.71385093029221 ], [ -96.45996093749999, 45.67548217560647 ], [ -96.43798828125, 45.61403741135093 ], [ -96.40502929687499, 45.54483149242463 ], [ -96.15234375, 45.60635207711834 ], [ -95.92163085937499, 45.805828539928356 ], [ -95.92163085937499, 45.92822950933618 ], [ -95.92163085937499, 46.13417004624326 ], [ -95.833740234375, 46.195042108660154 ], [ -95.723876953125, 46.07323062540838 ], [ -95.49316406249999, 46.126556302418514 ], [ -95.526123046875, 46.255846818480336 ], [ -95.33935546875, 46.31658418182218 ], [ -95.284423828125, 46.52863469527167 ], [ -95.33935546875, 46.702202151643455 ], [ -95.2734375, 46.875213396722685 ], [ -95.29541015625, 47.08508535995384 ], [ -95.2734375, 47.19717795172789 ], [ -95.284423828125, 47.35371061951363 ], [ -95.25146484374999, 47.44294999517949 ], [ -95.086669921875, 47.56170075451973 ], [ -94.95483398437499, 47.60616304386874 ], [ -94.58129882812499, 47.65058757118734 ], [ -94.3505859375, 47.76148371616669 ], [ -94.19677734375, 47.857402894658236 ], [ -93.9990234375, 48.004625021133904 ], [ -94.02099609375, 48.122101028190805 ], [ -94.19677734375, 48.23199134320962 ], [ -94.33959960937499, 48.32703913063476 ], [ -94.625244140625, 48.31973404047173 ], [ -95.00976562499999, 48.34894812401375 ], [ -95.185546875, 48.34894812401375 ], [ -95.1416015625, 48.45106561953216 ], [ -95.07568359375, 48.596592251456705 ], [ -95.185546875, 48.61838518688487 ], [ -95.350341796875, 48.65468584817256 ], [ -95.372314453125, 48.741700879765396 ], [ -95.3173828125, 48.821332549646634 ], [ -95.33935546875, 48.90805939965008 ], [ -95.4052734375, 49.001843917978526 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66724a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowdery, T.K.","contributorId":92658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowdery","given":"T.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26422,"text":"wri984040A - 1998 - Nitrate and pesticides in ground water in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California : Occurrence and trends","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-10T14:37:46.207732","indexId":"wri984040A","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4040","chapter":"A","title":"Nitrate and pesticides in ground water in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California : Occurrence and trends","docAbstract":"The occurrence of nitrate and pesticides in ground water in California's eastern San Joaquin Valley may be greatly influenced by the long history of intensive farming and irrigation and the generally permeable sediments. This study, which is part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program, was done to assess the quality of the ground water and to do a preliminary evaluation of the temporal trends in nitrate and pesticides in the alluvial fans of the eastern San Joaquin Valley. Ground-water samples were collected from 30 domestic wells in 1995 (each well was sampled once during 1995). The results of the analyses of these samples were related to various physical and chemical factors in an attempt to understand the processes that control the occurrence and the concentrations of nitrate and pesticides. A preliminary evaluation of the temporal trends in the occurrence and the concentration of nitrate and pesticides was done by comparing the results of the analyses of the 1995 ground-water samples with the results of the analyses of the samples collected in 1986-87 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program. Nitrate concentrations (dissolved nitrate plus nitrite, as nitrogen) in ground water sampled in 1995 ranged from less than 0.05 to 34 milligrams per liter, with a median concentration of 4.6 milligrams per liter. Nitrate concentrations exceeded the maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter (as nitrogen) in 5 of the 30 ground-water samples (17 percent), whereas 12 of the 30 samples (40 percent) had nitrate concentrations less than 3.0 milligrams per liter. The high nitrate concentrations were associated with recently recharged, well-oxygenated ground water that has been affected by agriculture (indicated by the positive correlations between nitrate, dissolved-oxygen, tritium, and specific conductance). Twelve pesticides were detected in 21 of the 30 ground-water samples (70 percent) in 1995, although only 5 pesticides were detected in more than 10 percent of the ground-water samples. All 12 pesticides were detected at concentrations below the maximum contaminant levels, except the banned soil fumigants 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (3 detections) and 1,2-dibromoethane (1 detection). Atrazine and desethyl atrazine (a transformation product of atrazine) were the most frequently detected pesticides; they were detected in 11 ground-water samples. The frequent detections of atrazine and desethyl atrazine may be related either to past applications of atrazine or to recent application on rights-of-way. Simazine was detected in 10 ground-water samples and diuron was detected in 4 ground-water samples. The detections of simazine and diuron are generally consistent with their reported applications on the crops near the wells where they were detected. 1,2,3-trichloropropane, a manufacturing by-product of 1,2-dichloropropane and 1,3- dichloropropene formulations, was detected in 4 ground-water samples. The occurrence of 1,2,3-trichloropropane, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, and 1,2-dibromoethane is probably related to past use. Similar to nitrate concentrations, pesticide occurrence was positively correlated to dissolved-oxygen concentrations, indicating that areas with high dissolved-oxygen concentrations may be vulnerable to contamination by nitrate and pesticides. High dissolved-oxygen concentrations may be associated with water that has been rapidly recharged. A comparison of the concentrations and the occurrence of nitrate and pesticides between 1986-87 and 1995 indicates that nitrate concentrations may pose a greater threat to the quality of the ground-water resource in this region than pesticides, in the context of current drinking-water standards. Nitrate concentrations were significantly higher in the 1995 ground-water samples than in the 1986-87 samples collected from the same wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984040A","usgsCitation":"Burow, K.R., Stork, S.V., and Dubrovsky, N., 1998, Nitrate and pesticides in ground water in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California : Occurrence and trends: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4040, vii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984040A.","productDescription":"vii, 33 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95600,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4040a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4040a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":465889,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48926.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Calfornia","otherGeospatial":"eastern San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.95328973343302,\n 35.149612634706855\n ],\n [\n -118.21849660316592,\n 35.5691113860683\n ],\n [\n -121.16627960421067,\n 38.639444263187556\n ],\n [\n -121.73464058086857,\n 38.38745365412791\n ],\n [\n -118.95328973343302,\n 35.149612634706855\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6972b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stork, Sylvia V. 0000-0002-1994-5560 svstork@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1994-5560","contributorId":5096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stork","given":"Sylvia","email":"svstork@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dubrovsky, N. M.","contributorId":48199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"N. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25529,"text":"wri984102 - 1998 - Geohydrology of the Winchester Subbasin, Riverside County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-21T14:21:31","indexId":"wri984102","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4102","title":"Geohydrology of the Winchester Subbasin, Riverside County, California","docAbstract":"The 20-square-mile Winchester structural subbasin is an alluvium-filled paleocanyon that is as much as 900 feet deep. The alluvial aquifer is composed of detrital material that generally ranges in size from clay to fine gravel; the fine and coarse materials are mixed in some places and inter- bedded in others. The apparent lenticularity of fine- and coarse-grained materials and differing water quality with depth indicate that the aquifer is partly or locally confined.\nA ground-water divide exists east of the town of Winchester. West of the divide, ground water moves toward and into the South Perris and the Menifee subbasins. East of the divide, ground water moves toward and into the Hemet subbasin. The components of flow direction in the Winchester?Hemet subbasins border area are complex: along the border, some water moves from the southwest corner of the Hemet subbasin into the Winchester subbasin and then eastward subparallel to the border before moving back into the Hemet subbasin. The direction of ground-water movement between the Winchester and Hemet subbasins, and the position of the ground-water divide in the central part of the Winchester subbasin, have changed with time. Prior to about 1974, ground water moved both eastward from the divide and westward from the Hemet subbasin toward a local depression of the water table caused by pumping in the eastern part of the Winchester subbasin.\nComparison of spring 1970 and spring 1993 ground-water levels indicates a net rise of as much as 150 feet in the east end of the Winchester subbasin. For this same period, water levels rose about 3 to 20 feet in the western and central parts of the subbasin.\nGround-water chemistry in the Winchester subbasin and adjacent subbasins varies areally and vertically. In general, sodium, calcium, chloride, and sulfate are dominant ions. Water quality is generally poor: dissolved-solids concentration exceeded 2,000 milligrams per liter throughout much of the subbasin and was highest west of the town of Winchester. Eastward along the subbasin axis (toward the Hemet subbasin), the dissolved-solids concentration decreases and the pH increases (generally greater than 7.0). Samples from two multiple-well monitoring sites at the west and east ends of the subbasin indicate that the best quality water (dissolved-solids concentrations of 395 and 483 milligrams per liter) is from the deepest wells (perforated near the alluvium- bedrock contact). Samples from the deeper wells in the eastern part of the Winchester subbasin are similar in water type to a sample from a well in the western part of the Hemet subbasin, which suggests that the water may have flowed from the Hemet subbasin; alternatively, the chemistry may reflect the influence of good-quality water flowing from the fractured bedrock basement to the alluvium in the eastern part of the Winchester subbasin. In addition, the potential problem of poor-quality water moving from the Winchester subbasin into the Hemet subbasin may not exist at all depths; fair- to good-quality water may be present below a depth of about 450 feet.\nDissolved-solids concentrations in the southwest part of the Hemet subbasin ranged from about 900 milligrams per liter at well 5S/1W-19Q1 about one-quarter mile north of the Winchester?Hemet subbasin boundary to about 3,500 milligrams per liter at well 5S/2W-24C2 near the bedrock outcrops southeast of the Lakeview Mountains. High dissolved-solids concentration in the vicinity of well 5S/2W-24C2 most likely is a result of dissolution of constituents from the aquifer matrix, evaporative processes, and agricultural practices that occur in that vicinity rather than a result of flow from the Winchester subbasin.\nAquifer-test results indicate that the transmissivity is about 950 feet squared per day in the eastern part of the Winchester subbasin near the boundary with the Hemet subbasin and about 72 feet squared per day in the western part of the subbasin near the boundary with th","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/wri984102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Eastern Municipal Water District","usgsCitation":"Kaehler, C.A., Burton, C., Rees, T.F., and Christensen, A.H., 1998, Geohydrology of the Winchester Subbasin, Riverside County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4102, vi, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984102.","productDescription":"vi, 90 p.","numberOfPages":"96","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287520,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4102/report.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 11","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","city":"Winchester","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,33.5 ], [ -117.25,34.0 ], [ -116.75,34.0 ], [ -116.75,33.5 ], [ -117.25,33.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6995da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaehler, Charles A. ckaehler@usgs.gov","contributorId":210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaehler","given":"Charles","email":"ckaehler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":194056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":41793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rees, Terry F.","contributorId":9688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rees","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christensen, Allen H. 0000-0002-7061-5591 ahchrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-5591","contributorId":1510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Allen","email":"ahchrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":27938,"text":"wri984084 - 1998 - Potentiometric surface of the Cockfield aquifer in southeastern Arkansas and the Wilcox aquifers in southern and northeastern Arkansas, October 1996-July 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-13T21:16:52.297989","indexId":"wri984084","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4084","title":"Potentiometric surface of the Cockfield aquifer in southeastern Arkansas and the Wilcox aquifers in southern and northeastern Arkansas, October 1996-July 1997","docAbstract":"The Cockfield and Wilcox aquifers are secondary sources of water for local use in southern and northeastern Arkansas, where in 1995 more than 51 million gallons per day of water was withdrawn. During October 1996 to July 1997, water levels in the Cockfield and Wilcox aquifers were measured in 104 wells in Arkansas. The potentiometric surface data reveal spatial trends in both aquifers across the study areas.\r\nThe regional direction of ground-water flow of the Cockfield aquifer is generally southeastward, away from the outcrop area, except where affected by intense ground-water withdrawals. The potentiometric surface indicates that heavy pumpage has altered or reversed the natural direction of flow in some areas. Flow in these areas is toward centers of pumping within cones of depression. A cone of depression caused by the pumpage near Greenville, Mississippi, extends into Chicot, Desha, and Drew Counties. This cone of depression has altered flow patternArkansas. Long-term hydrographs of six wells, during the period 1971-1996, showed water levels declined at an average rate between 0.5 and 1.0 foot per year at these locations.\r\nThe regional direction of ground-water flow in the Wilcox aquifers is generally toward the east and south, away from the outcrop except where water levels are affected by intense ground-water withdrawals. The potentiometric surface indicates that heavy pumpage has altered or reversed the natural direction of ground-water flow in some areas. Flow in these areas is toward centers of pumping within cones of depression. Two cones of depression are centered in the vicinity of Paragould and West Memphis, Arkansas, where ground-water withdrawals have altered the natural direction of flow. Long-term hydrographs of seven wells, during the period 1971- 1996, show water-level declines in the Wilcox aquifer in northeastern Arkansas generally were between 0.5 and 1.0 foot per year but were more than 1.0 foot per year in two wells.\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission and the Arkansas Geological Commission has monitored water levels in the Cockfield and Wilcox aquifers since the 1960's. During October 1996 to July 1997, 53 water-level measurements were made in wells completed in the Cockfield aquifer, 13 water-level measurements were made in wells completed in the Wilcox aquifer in southern Arkansas, and 38 water-level measurements were made in wells com- pleted in the Wilcox aquifer in northeastern Arkansas. The purpose of these measurements was to provide information to describe the recent potentiometric surfaces and long-term water-level trends in the Cockfield and Wilcox aquifers. This report presents the results as potentiometric surface maps and as long-term water-level hydrographs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984084","usgsCitation":"Joseph, R.L., 1998, Potentiometric surface of the Cockfield aquifer in southeastern Arkansas and the Wilcox aquifers in southern and northeastern Arkansas, October 1996-July 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4084, Report; iii, 19 p.; 3 Plates: 24.50 × 16.92 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984084.","productDescription":"Report; iii, 19 p.; 3 Plates: 24.50 × 16.92 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394343,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42942.htm"},{"id":158726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4084/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95680,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4084/plate-2.pdf","size":"1040","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95681,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4084/plate-3.pdf","size":"1340","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95679,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4084/plate-1.pdf","size":"2402","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95678,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4084/report.pdf","size":"2210","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Cockfield aquifer, Wilcox aquifers","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.75,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -89.643,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -89.643,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -93.75,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -93.75,\n 33\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db683050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joseph, Robert L. rljoseph@usgs.gov","contributorId":3482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"Robert","email":"rljoseph@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26536,"text":"wri984098 - 1998 - Water resources of the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, west-central North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-16T13:50:57","indexId":"wri984098","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4098","title":"Water resources of the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, west-central North Dakota","docAbstract":"Water resources of the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation in west-central North Dakota occur as ground water in bedrock and buried-valley aquifers and as surface water in streams and Lake Sakakawea. The bedrock aquifers-the Fox Hills-Hell Creek, Tongue River, and Sentinel Butte store about 93 million acre-feet of water under the Reservation. The Fox Hills-Hell Creek aquifer is composed mainly of very fine to medium-grained sandstone and stores about 51 million acrefeet of water. Water levels in the aquifer declined from 1976 through 1992. The Tongue River aquifer is composed mainly of claystones and siltstones and has widely distributed pockets of sandstone or lignite layers. The aquifer stores about 24 million acre-feet of water. The Sentinel Butte aquifer is composed mainly of interbedded claystones, siltstones, shale, lignite, and sandstone and stores about 18 million acre-feet of water. Yields from the lignite beds are highly variable. Water in the aquifers was predominantly a sodium bicarbonate type. Mean dissolved solids concentrations were 1,530 milligrams per liter in water from the Fox Hills-Hell Creek aquifer, 2,110 milligrams per liter in water from the Tongue River aquifer, and 1,300 milligrams per liter in water from the Sentinel Butte aquifer.
The East Fork Shell Creek, Shell Creek, White Shield, New Town, and Sanish aquifers occur within buried valleys and store about 1,414,000 acre-feet of water. The East Fork Shell Creek and Shell Creek aquifers are composed of sand and gravel lenses that are surrounded by less permeable till. Water in the East Fork Shell Creek aquifer is a sodium sulfate bicarbonate type, and water in the Shell Creek aquifer is a sodium bicarbonate sulfate type. Mean dissolved-solids concentrations were 3,220 milligrams per liter in water from the East Fork Shell Creek aquifer and 1,470 milligrams per liter in water from the Shell Creek aquifer.
The White Shield aquifer is composed of very fine to coarse sand and fine to coarse gravel. Water in the aquifer varies from a sodium bicarbonate sulfate type to a mixed calcium magnesium sodium bicarbonate sulfate type. Mean dissolved-solids concentrations were 1,080 milligrams per liter in water from the eastern part of the aquifer and 1,430 milligrams per liter in water from the western part of the aquifer. Water levels in the western part of the aquifer rose during 1970-92.
The New Town aquifer is composed of lenticular deposits of sand and gravel. Water in the aquifer is a calcium sodium bicarbonate sulfate type and had a mean dissolved-solids concentration of 1,390 milligrams per liter. Data indicate a close correspondence between ground-water levels and lake stage of Lake Sakakawea, implying a hydraulic connection between the aquifer and the lake.
The Sanish aquifer is composed of sand, clayey sand, and thin gravels that are poorly cemented and highly permeable. Water in the aquifer is a mixed calcium magnesium bicarbonate sulfate type and had a mean dissolved-solids concentration of 1,350 milligrams per liter.
Major streams on the Reservation are Bear Den Creek, Shell Creek, East Fork Shell Creek, Deepwater Creek, Moccasin Creek, and Squaw Creek. Mean streamflow for Bear Den Creek for June 1966 through September 1992 was 6.72 cubic feet per second. Mean streamflow for Shell Creek for September 1965 through September 1981 was 12.9 cubic feet per second. Streamflow measurements for East Fork Shell Creek for April 1990 through June 1991 ranged from zero to 3.65 cubic feet per second, measurements for Deepwater Creek for April 1990 through May 1991 ranged from zero to 4.28 cubic feet per second, measurements for Moccasin Creek for April 1990 through September 1992 ranged from zero to 7.07 cubic feet per second, and measurements for Squaw Creek for April 1990 through September 1992 ranged from zero to 4.22 cubic feet per second.
Lake Sakakawea has a maximum surface area of 390,000 acres. The surface area is variable in relation to lake stage, which was unusually low during this study. The mean lake elevation for Lake Sakakawea for 1970-92 was 1,837.08 feet, and the mean lake elevation for 1990-92 was 1,821.14 feet.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984098","usgsCitation":"Cates, S.W., and Macek-Rowland, K.M., 1998, Water resources of the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, west-central North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4098, v, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984098.","productDescription":"v, 75 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4098/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95605,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4098/report.pdf","size":"7060","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.72216796875,\n 47.4\n ],\n [\n -101.524658203125,\n 47.4\n ],\n [\n -101.524658203125,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -102.72216796875,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -102.72216796875,\n 47.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0554","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cates, Steven W.","contributorId":71592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cates","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macek-Rowland, Kathleen M.","contributorId":50565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macek-Rowland","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28489,"text":"wri974252 - 1998 - Flood of January 19-20, 1996 in New York State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri974252","displayToPublicDate":"2000-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4252","title":"Flood of January 19-20, 1996 in New York State","docAbstract":"Heavy rain during January 18-19, 1996, combined with unseasonably warm temperatures that caused rapid snowmelt, resulted in widespread flooding throughout New York State. Damages to highways, bridges, and private property exceeded $100 million. The storm and flooding claimed 10 lives, stranded hundreds of people, destroyed or damaged thousands of homes and businesses, and closed hundreds of roads. Forty-one counties in New York were declared federal disaster areas. The most severely affected region was within and surrounding the Catskill Mountains. Damages and losses within Delaware County alone exceeded $20 million.More than 4.5 inches of rain fell on at least 45 inches of melting snow in the Catskill Mountain region during January 18-19 and caused major flooding in the area. The most destructive flooding was along Schoharie Creek and the East and West Branches of the Delaware River. Record peak discharges occurred at 57 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations throughout New York. Maximum discharges at 15 sites, mostly within the Schoharie Creek and Delaware River basins, had recurrence intervals equal to or greater than 100 years. The storage of significant amounts of floodwater in several reservoirs sharply reduced peak discharges downstream. This report presents a summary of peak stages and discharges, precipitation maps, floodflow hydrographs, inflow-outflow hydrographs for several reservoirs, and flood profiles along 83 miles of Schoharie Creek from its headwaters in the Catskill Mountains to its mouth at the Mohawk River. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Service, [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974252","usgsCitation":"Lumia, R., 1998, Flood of January 19-20, 1996 in New York State: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4252, v, 61 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974252.","productDescription":"v, 61 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4252/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57287,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4252/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6020c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lumia, Richard rlumia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Richard","email":"rlumia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26911,"text":"wri984012 - 1998 - Nutrient loading and selected water-quality and biological characteristics of Dickinson Bayou near Houston, Texas, 1995-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T14:15:31","indexId":"wri984012","displayToPublicDate":"2000-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4012","title":"Nutrient loading and selected water-quality and biological characteristics of Dickinson Bayou near Houston, Texas, 1995-97","docAbstract":"Data were collected at 10 stations in the Dickinson Bayou watershed near Houston, Texas, from March 1995 through February 1997 to estimate the concentrations, loads, and yields of selected nutrients that enter the bayou; to characterize the effects on nutrient concentrations of flow conditions, seasonality, and land use; and to identify nutrient sources (point or nonpoint) inferred from the occurrence and abundance of algal species in the benthic algal community. These data included rainfall samples, streamflow measurements, stream-water-quality samples, and biological samples, in addition to quality-assurance/quality-control samples.
\nEstimates of loads of selected nutrients for the 106-square-mile watershed during the study were made for point sources and nonpoint sources. Point-source loading data are available only for ammonia nitrogen. Approximately 21.3 pounds per day of ammonia nitrogen is estimated from point sources during the study period. Nonpoint-source loads are estimated for eight nutrient forms: 7.84 pounds per day of dissolved ammonia nitrogen, 5.79 pounds per day of dissolved nitrite nitrogen, 215 pounds per day of dissolved Kjeldahl nitrogen, 350 pounds per day of total Kjeldahl nitrogen, 40.1 pounds per day of dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, 67.6 pounds per day of total phosphorus, 46.6 pounds per day of dissolved phosphorus, and 42.8 pounds per day of dissolved orthophosphate. Rainfall-deposition rates also are estimated for comparison with point- and nonpoint-source loads. Deposition rates are 110 pounds per day of dissolved ammonia nitrogen, 120 pounds per day of dissolved nitrate nitrogen, and 15.8 pounds per day of dissolved phosphorus.
\nStatistical tests were used to determine whether there are significant differences between nutrient concentrations during low-flow and during high-flow conditions. For basins with rural/mixed and urban land uses, nutrient concentrations generally are significantly different (greater) during storm events than during low flow, indicating accumulation in the watershed and subsequent washoff of nutrients. However, nutrient concentrations in storm-event samples consisting predominantly of runoff from a pasture are not significantly greater than those in low-flow samples. Statistical tests for seasonality indicate that dissolved ammonia nitrogen is significantly different in at least one season for all land uses (rural/residential, rural/mixed, and pasture) except urban. Concentrations tend to increase in the spring and early summer months, possibly from fertilizer application and subsequent washoff.
\nConstituent-yield data were used to make direct comparisons of the nonpoint-source load contributions from four stations with watersheds of different land use. These comparisons lead to three conclusions: (1) For all nutrient species except orthophosphate, urban land use is the largest nonpoint-source contributor, (2) Kjeldahl nitrogen is the most abundant nutrient species, and (3) organic nitrogen accounts for the major part of the Kjeldahl nitrogen.
\nAlgal samples were collected at seven stations and were analyzed for periphyton identification and enumeration, and chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b concentrations. The large relative abundance of soil algae at stations in the middle of the watershed likely indicates the cumulative effects on water quality of agricultural nonpoint sources. Farther downstream near the State Highway 3 bridge, and downstream of three major tributary inflows, the increase in abundance of soil algae to a larger-than-expected level might reflect water-quality influences from predominantly urban nonpoint sources in the drainage basins of the three major tributary inflows. Nutrient concentrations do not appear to limit algal production in the upper (non-tidal) reach of Dickinson Bayou; but nutrient concentrations could have been limiting benthicalgal production in the lower (tidal) reach of the bayou during the time of the synoptic survey. If nitrogen is the limiting resource for algal productivity in the tidal reach of Dickinson Bayou, eutrophication of the system could be (at least partially) mitigated if nonpoint-source nutrient loads into the Bayou were reduced.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri984012","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Houston-Galveston Area Council and the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission under the authorization of the Texas Clean Rivers Act","usgsCitation":"East, J., Paul, E.M., and Porter, S.D., 1998, Nutrient loading and selected water-quality and biological characteristics of Dickinson Bayou near Houston, Texas, 1995-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4012, Document: v, 50 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984012.","productDescription":"Document: v, 50 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326732,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri984012.JPG"},{"id":2005,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri984012/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Dickinson Bayou","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"East, Jeffery W. jweast@usgs.gov","contributorId":1683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Jeffery W.","email":"jweast@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paul, Edna M.","contributorId":60268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"Edna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porter, Stephen D.","contributorId":16429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31020,"text":"wri984139 - 1998 - Geohydrology and quality of ground water in unconsolidated aquifers near South Bend, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-13T19:12:54.005746","indexId":"wri984139","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4139","title":"Geohydrology and quality of ground water in unconsolidated aquifers near South Bend, Indiana","docAbstract":"The water supply for the City of South Bend, Indiana, and much of surrounding St. Joseph County is provided by 36 municipal and community well fields. Some of these well fields are located near known or potential sources of ground-water contamination that could affect ground-water supplies in the near future. As population and industry grow, it will be necessary to find additional sources of water and determine their quantity and quality. Geohydrologic and water-quality data are available to identify areas for developing additional ground-water supplies, but these data have not been compiled into one source accessible to area water-resource managers.
This report presents a compilation of these geohydrologic and water-quality data for the ground-water system in and near South Bend that can be used to identify potentially favorable areas for developing additional ground-water supplies for municipal use. The data were compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Bend Water Works, for a study area of approximately 535 square miles that includes all of St. Joseph County and the eastern part of La Porte County. A map format has been used to facilitate comparison between geohydrologic and water-quality information.
Previously published geologic maps and cross sections describe the geologic setting and aquifer deposits of the study area, the hydrogeology of northeastern St. Joseph County, and the ground-water quality of northeastern St. Joseph County. Beaty (1990) and Clendenon and Beaty (1987) produced water-resource-availability reports for the St. Joseph and Kankakee River Basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984139","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Bend Water Works","usgsCitation":"Fowler, K.K., and Arihood, L.D., 1998, Geohydrology and quality of ground water in unconsolidated aquifers near South Bend, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4139, Document: 1 p.; 3 Plates: 33.34 x 24.16 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984139.","productDescription":"Document: 1 p.; 3 Plates: 33.34 x 24.16 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95894,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4139/wri19984139_sheet3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"241 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Location of Wells with Lithologic, Water Qualityl and Geohydrologic Characteristics Information in the Study area"},{"id":498593,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48997.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":358694,"rank":6,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":95893,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4139/wri19984139_sheet2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"460 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Water Quality Characteristics"},{"id":95891,"rank":8,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4139/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Cover"},{"id":95892,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4139/wri19984139_sheet1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"703 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Geohydrologic Characteristics"},{"id":3014,"rank":7,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"WRI 1998-4139"}],"scale":"65000","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"South Bend","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.30756378173828,\n 41.654060291806\n ],\n [\n -86.30756378173828,\n 41.721233705118706\n ],\n [\n -86.18825912475585,\n 41.721233705118706\n ],\n [\n -86.18825912475585,\n 41.654060291806\n ],\n [\n -86.30756378173828,\n 41.654060291806\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5957 Lakeside Blvd.
Indianapolis, IN 46278
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98520","usgsCitation":"Drake, A.A., 1998, Geologic map of the Piedmont in the Beltsville, Laurel, and Washington East quadrangles, Montgomery, Prince Georges, Howard, and Anne Arundel Counties, Maryland and the District of Columbia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-520, Report: 18 p.; 1 Plate: 30.19 × 35.82 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98520.","productDescription":"Report: 18 p.; 1 Plate: 30.19 × 35.82 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":390362,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19299.htm"},{"id":60289,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0520/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":60288,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0520/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":164289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0520/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"District of Columbia, Maryland","county":"Anne Arundel County, Howard County, Montgomery County, Prince Georges County","otherGeospatial":"Beltsville, Laurel, and Washington East quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77,\n 38.958\n ],\n [\n -76.772,\n 38.958\n ],\n [\n -76.772,\n 39.125\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 39.125\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 38.958\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af0e4b07f02db691753","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, Avery A. Jr.","contributorId":81090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"Avery","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38147,"text":"ofr98219A - 1998 - Potential mineral resources, Payette National Forest, Idaho: Description and probabilistic estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-14T15:00:53.172265","indexId":"ofr98219A","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-219","chapter":"A","title":"Potential mineral resources, Payette National Forest, Idaho: Description and probabilistic estimation","docAbstract":"The Payette National Forest (PNF), in west-central Idaho, is geologically diverse and contains a wide variety of mineral resources. Mineral deposit types are grouped into locatable, leasable, and salable categories. The PNF has substantial past production and identified resources of locatable commodities, including gold, silver, copper, zinc, tungsten, antimony, mercury, and opal. Minor lignitic coal is the only leasable mineral resource known to be present in the PNF. Resources of salable commodities in the PNF include sand-and-gravel, basalt for crushed-rock aggregate, and minor gypsum.
\nLocatable mineral resources are geographically divided between eastern and western parts of the PNF. The western PNF lies west of the Riggins-to-Cascade highway (US 95 - Idaho 55), and the eastern PNF is east of that highway. The western and eastern parts of the PNF are geologically distinctive and have different types of locatable mineral deposits, so their locatable mineral resources are described separately. Within the western and eastern parts of the PNF, locatable deposit types generally are described in order of decreasing geologic age.
\nAn expert panel delineated tracts considered geologically permissive and (or) favorable for the occurrence of undiscovered mineral deposits of types that are known to be present within or near the PNF. The panel also estimated probabilities for undiscovered deposits, and used numerical simulation, based on tonnage-grade distribution models, to derive estimates of in-situ metals contained. These estimates are summarized in terms of mean and median measures of central tendency. Most grade and tonnage distributions appear to be log-normal, with the median lower than the mean. Inasmuch as the mean is influenced by the largest deposits in the model tonnage-grade distribution, the median provides a lower measure of central tendency and a more conservative estimation of undiscovered resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98219A","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Bookstrom, A.A., Johnson, B.R., Cookro, T.M., Lund, K., Watts, K., King, H.D., Kleinkopf, M.D., Pitkin, J.A., Sanchez, J.D., and Causey, J.D., 1998, Potential mineral resources, Payette National Forest, Idaho: Description and probabilistic estimation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-219, Report: 180 p.; Readme; 2 Metadata files; Complete digital package; Dataset; Additional dataset; Additional files; 2 Map files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98219A.","productDescription":"Report: 180 p.; Readme; 2 Metadata files; Complete digital package; Dataset; Additional dataset; Additional files; 2 Map files","numberOfPages":"270","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284335,"rank":10,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr98219A.jpg"},{"id":3458,"rank":11,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":64408,"rank":12,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/readme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284327,"rank":9,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pnfmines.met"},{"id":284326,"rank":8,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pnfdepmod.met"},{"id":284328,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pdf/of98-219a.pdf"},{"id":284329,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pnf.tar.Z"},{"id":284330,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/covers.e00.tar.Z"},{"id":284331,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/more.e00.tar.Z"},{"id":284332,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pnfmines.e00.Z"},{"id":284333,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pnfplate.hp.Z"},{"id":284334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pnfplate.eps.Z"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Payette National Forest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.04,44.4219 ], [ -117.04,45.5697 ], [ -114.547,45.5697 ], [ -114.547,44.4219 ], [ -117.04,44.4219 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6833cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bookstrom, Arthur A. 0000-0003-1336-3364 abookstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-3364","contributorId":1542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bookstrom","given":"Arthur","email":"abookstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Bruce R.","contributorId":100009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cookro, Theresa M.","contributorId":47808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cookro","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watts, Kenneth C.","contributorId":101180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kenneth C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"King, Harley D. hking@usgs.gov","contributorId":4046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Harley","email":"hking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":219193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kleinkopf, Merlin D.","contributorId":76643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleinkopf","given":"Merlin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pitkin, James A.","contributorId":96651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitkin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sanchez, J. David","contributorId":40511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Causey, J. Douglas","contributorId":41398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Causey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":21646,"text":"ofr98582 - 1998 - Catalog of the historically active volcanoes of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:36:23","indexId":"ofr98582","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-582","title":"Catalog of the historically active volcanoes of Alaska","docAbstract":"Alaska hosts within its borders over 80 major volcanic centers that have erupted during Holocene time (< 10,000 years). At least 29 of these volcanic centers (table 1) had historical eruptions and 12 additional volcanic centers may have had historical eruptions. Historical in Alaska generally means the period since 1760 when explorers, travelers, and inhabitants kept written records. These 41 volcanic centers have been the source for >265 eruptions reported from Alaska volcanoes.
With the exception of Wrangell volcano, all the centers are in, or near, the Aleutian volcanic arc, which extends 2500 km from Hayes volcano 145 km west of Anchorage in the Alaska-Aleutian Range to Buldir Island in the western Aleutian Islands (fig. 1). The volcanic arc, a subduction-related feature associated with underthrusting of the Pacific plate beneath the North American plate is divided between oceanic island arc and continental margin segments, the boundary occurring at about 165° W longitude (fig. 1). An additional 7 volcanic centers in the Aleutian arc (table 2; fig. 1 A) have active fumarole fields but no reported historical eruptions.
This report discusses the location, physiography and structure, eruptive history, and geology of those volcanoes in Alaska that have experienced one or more eruptions that have been recorded in the written history (i.e., in historical time). It is part of the group of catalogs entitled Catalogue of Active Volcanoes of the World published beginning in 1951 under the auspices of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI). A knowledge of the information contained in such catalogs aids in understanding the type and scale of activity that might be expected during a particular eruption, the hazards the eruption may pose, and even the prediction of eruptions. The catalog will thus be of value not only to the inhabitants of Alaska but to government agencies concerned with emergency response, air traffic operations, and weather, as well as to industry and scientists. The combination of the hazard posed by volcanic ash to jet aircraft and the heavy use of international air routes located parallel to, and on either side of, the Aleutian volcanic arc means that even remote volcanoes in Alaska now pose significant hazards to life and property.
Although this report is concerned with historical eruptions from Alaskan volcanoes, other volcanoes in Alaska have erupted in the past 10,000 years and might therefore be expected to erupt again. Several Holocene volcanic centers in the Aleutian arc have no reported historical activity. Elsewhere in Alaska the Bering Sea basalt fields cover large areas of the Yukon Delta, Seward Peninsula, and several of the islands of the Bering Sea. Holocene centers also occur in the Wrangell Mountains and in isolated occurrences in the interior and southeastern Alaska. Eruptions from these centers have occurred within the past several hundred years but none were transcribed in the written record. Moodie and others (1992), however, report oral traditions among the Northern Athapaskan Indians of the southwestern Yukon Territory that may record the second and younger deposition of the White River Ash circa A.D. 720. This lobe of the White River Ash was deposited during the paroxysmal eruption of Churchill volcano in the Wrangell Mountains of eastcentral Alaska (McGimsey and others, 1992; Richter and others, 1995).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98582","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Miller, T.P., McGimsey, R.G., Richter, D., Riehle, J., Nye, C., Yount, M.E., and Dumoulin, J.A., 1998, Catalog of the historically active volcanoes of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-582, v, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98582.","productDescription":"v, 104 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0582/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51198,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0582/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -184.1748046875,\n 51.15178610143037\n ],\n [\n -138,\n 51.15178610143037\n ],\n [\n -138,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -184.1748046875,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -184.1748046875,\n 51.15178610143037\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e7088","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":49345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGimsey, R. G.","contributorId":93921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richter, D.H.","contributorId":43325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":185048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riehle, J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nye, C.J.","contributorId":42734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nye","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yount, M. E.","contributorId":76748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yount","given":"M.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":32137,"text":"ofr98114 - 1998 - Rotational and accretionary evolution of the Klamath Mountains, California and Oregon, from Devonian to present time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-14T14:58:41.791136","indexId":"ofr98114","displayToPublicDate":"1999-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-114","title":"Rotational and accretionary evolution of the Klamath Mountains, California and Oregon, from Devonian to present time","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to show graphically how the Klamath Mountains grew from a relatively small nucleus in Early Devonian time to its present size while rotating clockwise approximately 110°. This growth occurred by the addition of large tectonic slices of oceanic lithosphere, volcanic arcs, and melange during a sequence of accretionary episodes. The Klamath Mountains province consists of eight lithotectonoic units called terranes, some of which are divided into subterranes. The Eastern Klamath terrane, which was the early Paleozoic nucleus of the province, is divided into the Yreka, Trinity, and Redding subterranes. Through tectonic plate motion, usually involving subduction, the other terranes joined the early Paleozoic nucleus during seven accretionary episodes ranging in age from Early Devonian to Late Jurassic. The active terrane suture is shown for each episode by a bold black line. Much of the western boundary of the Klamath Mountains is marked by the South Fork and correlative faults along which the Klamath terranes overrode the Coast Range rocks during an eighth accretionary episode, forming the South Fork Mountain Schist in Early Cretaceous time.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98114","usgsCitation":"Irwin, W., and Mankinen, E.A., 1998, Rotational and accretionary evolution of the Klamath Mountains, California and Oregon, from Devonian to present time: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-114, Poster: 38.72 x 22.07 inches; Geologic explanation, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98114.","productDescription":"Poster: 38.72 x 22.07 inches; Geologic explanation","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr98114.jpg"},{"id":3091,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0114/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284288,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0114/pdf/klam_post.pdf","text":"Plate 1"},{"id":284289,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0114/pdf/klam_expl.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.2997,40.704 ], [ -124.2997,42.7185 ], [ -122.396,42.7185 ], [ -122.396,40.704 ], [ -124.2997,40.704 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe1fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32170,"text":"ofr98480 - 1998 - Surficial geologic map along the Castle Mountain Fault between Houston and Hatcher Pass Road, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-09T17:16:42.608891","indexId":"ofr98480","displayToPublicDate":"1999-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-480","title":"Surficial geologic map along the Castle Mountain Fault between Houston and Hatcher Pass Road, Alaska","docAbstract":"The surficial geology of the map area is dominated by sedimentary deposits laid down during and after the Naptowne glaciation (Karlstrom, 1964) of late Pleistocene age. During this episode, a large valley glacier flowed westward down the Matanuska Valley along the southern flank of the Talkeetna Mountains. The youngest of two documented advances has been referred to as the Elmendorf stade, which reached its maximum extent about 12,000 radiocarbon years ago (Schmoll and others, 1972; Reger and Updike, 1983). Deposits from this stade in the map area include: glacial till (Qg), lateral moraine (Qml) and kame terrace (Qk) deposits. Older episodes of glaciation have been inferred by a number of workers (e.g., Karlstrom, 1964; Reger and Updike, 1983; Reger and Updike, 1989; Schmoll and Yehle, 1986). The ridge above and north of the map area, Bald Mountain Ridge, is rounded in contrast to higher areas of the Talkeetna Mountains to the east. Therefore, within the map area older glacial deposits (Qg2) are inferred to lie above the highest Naptowne deposits. After reaching its maximum extent the valley glacier stagnated (Reger and Updike, 1983), as indicated by a crevasse-fill-ridge complex south of Houston in the map area, perched drainages along the sides of the Talkeetna Mountains, and an esker (unit Qe in the middle of the western map area). The ancient stream deposits (unit Qad) are perched on the southern flanks of the Talkeetna Mountains and were deposited by westward flowing streams as the valley glacier stagnated. These sinuous ancient drainages commonly incised up to 20 m into the underlying glacial till. Because stream flow is not as high today as when the drainages formed, the modern streams flowing within these drainages are underfit, and the ancient drainage courses are commonly filled with peat deposits (Qp).
After ice of the Elmendorf stade melted, modern stream courses were established. These include the southward flowing streams on the flank of the Talkeetna Mountains as well as the west-southwestward flowing Little Susitna River. The Little Susitna River cut down through older river terrace deposits (Qat) to form the active alluvial plain (Qaa). Alluvium from the southward flowing streams (Qas) forms alluvial fans on top of, and presumably interfingering with, active alluvium along the Little Susitna River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98480","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., 1998, Surficial geologic map along the Castle Mountain Fault between Houston and Hatcher Pass Road, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-480, Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 34.53 x 41.68 inches; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98480.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 34.53 x 41.68 inches; Metadata","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163406,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr98480.GIF"},{"id":284342,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0480/pdf/cmfmap.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284341,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0480/cmf_meta.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":284340,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0480/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284343,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0480/pdf/cmftext.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"25000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Castle Mountain Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.8798496931205,\n 61.6658995318015\n ],\n [\n -149.77875208037563,\n 61.6008117814078\n ],\n [\n -149.30403285531318,\n 61.74403231707677\n ],\n [\n -149.4725288765544,\n 61.79289471886946\n ],\n [\n -149.8798496931205,\n 61.6658995318015\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689262","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}