{"pageNumber":"279","pageRowStart":"6950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10999,"records":[{"id":32137,"text":"ofr98114 - 1998 - Rotational and accretionary evolution of the Klamath Mountains, California and Oregon, from Devonian to present time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-14T14:58:41.791136","indexId":"ofr98114","displayToPublicDate":"1999-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-114","title":"Rotational and accretionary evolution of the Klamath Mountains, California and Oregon, from Devonian to present time","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to show graphically how the Klamath Mountains grew from a relatively small nucleus in Early Devonian time to its present size while rotating clockwise approximately 110°. This growth occurred by the addition of large tectonic slices of oceanic lithosphere, volcanic arcs, and melange during a sequence of accretionary episodes. The Klamath Mountains province consists of eight lithotectonoic units called terranes, some of which are divided into subterranes. The Eastern Klamath terrane, which was the early Paleozoic nucleus of the province, is divided into the Yreka, Trinity, and Redding subterranes. Through tectonic plate motion, usually involving subduction, the other terranes joined the early Paleozoic nucleus during seven accretionary episodes ranging in age from Early Devonian to Late Jurassic. The active terrane suture is shown for each episode by a bold black line. Much of the western boundary of the Klamath Mountains is marked by the South Fork and correlative faults along which the Klamath terranes overrode the Coast Range rocks during an eighth accretionary episode, forming the South Fork Mountain Schist in Early Cretaceous time.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98114","usgsCitation":"Irwin, W., and Mankinen, E.A., 1998, Rotational and accretionary evolution of the Klamath Mountains, California and Oregon, from Devonian to present time: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-114, Poster: 38.72 x 22.07 inches; Geologic explanation, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98114.","productDescription":"Poster: 38.72 x 22.07 inches; Geologic explanation","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr98114.jpg"},{"id":3091,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0114/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284288,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0114/pdf/klam_post.pdf","text":"Plate 1"},{"id":284289,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0114/pdf/klam_expl.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.2997,40.704 ], [ -124.2997,42.7185 ], [ -122.396,42.7185 ], [ -122.396,40.704 ], [ -124.2997,40.704 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe1fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26634,"text":"wri974096 - 1998 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Sandstone Aquifer, northeastern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T11:19:19","indexId":"wri974096","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4096","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Sandstone Aquifer, northeastern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"

Municipalities in the lower Fox River Valley in northeastern Wisconsin obtain their water supply from a series of permeable sandstones and carbonates of Cambrian to Ordovician age. Withdrawals from this \"sandstone aquifer\" have resulted in water levels declining at a rate of more than 2 feet per year. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the major water utilities in the Fox Cities area, the East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission and the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, collected hydrogeological data and constructed a quasithree- dimensional, transient ground-water-flow model for use as a tool in assessing the water resources of the sandstone aquifer.

\n

The rocks of the Sinnipee Group and Maquoketa Shale form the Maquoketa-Sinnipee confining unit that separates the sandstone aquifer from the overlying upper aquifer, which consists of unconsolidated deposits and permeable dolomite of Silurian age. The confining unit is present in the eastern part of the study area, but is absent in the western part, where the upper aquifer directly overlies the sandstone aquifer.

\n

The ground-water-flow model simulates water levels in the two aquifers and vertical flow across the confining unit. Streams and lakes are simulated in the upper aquifer as head-dependent boundaries where the confining unit is absent and as constant head boundaries where the confining unit is present. The sandstone aquifer has constant heads assigned to the southern boundary, which is far from the lower Fox River Valley and coincident with a ground-water divide.

\n

The model was calibrated to predevelopment, 1957, and 1990 water levels, and used to simulate steady-state predevelopment conditions and transient conditions from 1880 to 1990. The trend in simulated water levels over time was similar to trends in measured water levels. Simulated base flow to streams was within the calculated range of base flow at gaged streams. A groundwater divide that separates westerly ground-water flow to the Wolf River from easterly flow to the lower Fox River Valley and Lake Michigan was simulated.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974096","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Willage of Little Chute, Darboy Sanitary District #1, Kimberly Water Works Department, Town of Menasha Sanitary District #4, Kaukauna Electric and Water Utilities, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission","usgsCitation":"Conlon, T., 1998, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Sandstone Aquifer, northeastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4096, Report: v, 60 p.; 1 Plate: 18.00 x 21.85 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974096.","productDescription":"Report: v, 60 p.; 1 Plate: 18.00 x 21.85 inches","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55507,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4096/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4096/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55506,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4096/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.85791015625,\n 45.11230010229608\n ],\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 45.85941212790755\n ],\n [\n -89.769287109375,\n 43.41302868475145\n ],\n [\n -87.47314453125,\n 42.94838139765314\n ],\n [\n -86.737060546875,\n 42.89206418807337\n ],\n [\n -86.407470703125,\n 42.87596410238254\n ],\n [\n -86.077880859375,\n 44.535674532413196\n ],\n [\n -85.770263671875,\n 44.89479576469787\n ],\n [\n -86.85791015625,\n 45.11230010229608\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db62529b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conlon, T.D. 0000-0002-5899-7187","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-7187","contributorId":97947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"T.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25480,"text":"wri974205 - 1998 - Environmental setting of the San Joaquin-Tulare basins, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T21:26:04.639761","indexId":"wri974205","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4205","title":"Environmental setting of the San Joaquin-Tulare basins, California","docAbstract":"

The National Water-Quality Assessment Program for the San Joaquin-Tulare Basins began in 1991 to study the effects of natural and anthropogenic influences on the quality of ground water, surface water, biology, and ecology. The San Joaquin-Tulare Basins study unit, which covers approximately 31,200 square miles in central California, is made up of the San Joaquin Valley, the eastern slope of the Coast Ranges to the west, and the western slope of the Sierra Nevada to the east. The sediments of the San Joaquin Valley can be divided into alluvial fans and basin deposits. The San Joaquin River receives water from tributaries draining the Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges, and except for streams discharging directly to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, is the only surface- water outlet from the study unit. The surface-water hydrology of the San Joaquin-Tulare Basins study unit has been significantly modified by development of water resources. Almost every major river entering the valley from the Sierra Nevada has one or more reservoirs. Almost every tributary and drainage into the San Joaquin River has been altered by a network of canals, drains, and wasteways. The Sierra Nevada is predominantly forested, and the Coast Ranges and the foothills of the Sierra Nevada are predominately rangeland. The San Joaquin Valley is dominated by agriculture, which utilized approximately 14.7 million acre-feet of water and 597 million pounds active ingredient of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in 1990, and 88 million pounds active ingredient of pesticides in 1991. In addition, the livestock industry contributed 318 million pounds active ingredient of nitrogen and phosphorus from manure in 1987. This report provides the background information to assess the influence of these and other factors on water quality and to provide the foundation for the design and interpretation of all spatial data. These characterizations provide a basis for comparing the influences of human activities among basins and specific land use settings, as well as within and among study units at the national level.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974205","usgsCitation":"Gronberg, J.A., Dubrovsky, N.M., Kratzer, C.R., Domagalski, J.L., Brown, L.R., and Burow, K.R., 1998, Environmental setting of the San Joaquin-Tulare basins, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4205, vii, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974205.","productDescription":"vii, 45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":413788,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13081.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54206,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4205/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118944,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4205/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin-Tulare basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118,\n 34.798\n ],\n [\n -121.375,\n 34.798\n ],\n [\n -121.375,\n 38.707\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 38.707\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 34.798\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0fe4b07f02db5fec33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gronberg, JoAnn A.","contributorId":36594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"JoAnn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dubrovsky, Neil M. 0000-0001-7786-1149 nmdubrov@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7786-1149","contributorId":1799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"Neil","email":"nmdubrov@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kratzer, Charles R.","contributorId":30619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":193860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":33105,"text":"b1995WX - 1998 - Cenozoic deformation of the Franciscan Complex, eastern Santa Maria Basin, California. Regional thermal maturity of surface rocks, onshore Santa Maria Basin and Santa Barbara-Ventura Basin area, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":33105,"text":"b1995WX - 1998 - Cenozoic deformation of the Franciscan Complex, eastern Santa Maria Basin, California. Regional thermal maturity of surface rocks, onshore Santa Maria Basin and Santa Barbara-Ventura Basin area, California","indexId":"b1995WX","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"chapter":"W,X","title":"Cenozoic deformation of the Franciscan Complex, eastern Santa Maria Basin, California. Regional thermal maturity of surface rocks, onshore Santa Maria Basin and Santa Barbara-Ventura Basin area, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33200,"text":"b1995 - 1991 - Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province","indexId":"b1995","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33200,"text":"b1995 - 1991 - Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province","indexId":"b1995","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-24T20:15:28.912429","indexId":"b1995WX","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1995","chapter":"W,X","title":"Cenozoic deformation of the Franciscan Complex, eastern Santa Maria Basin, California. Regional thermal maturity of surface rocks, onshore Santa Maria Basin and Santa Barbara-Ventura Basin area, California","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Evolution of sedimentary basins/offshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province (Bulletin 1995)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1995WX","usgsCitation":"Wahl, A.D., Naeser, N.D., Isaacs, C.M., and Keller, M.A., 1998, Cenozoic deformation of the Franciscan Complex, eastern Santa Maria Basin, California. Regional thermal maturity of surface rocks, onshore Santa Maria Basin and Santa Barbara-Ventura Basin area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1995, Report: 64 p.; 2 Plates: 54.00 × 31.00 inches and \t23.00 × 36.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1995WX.","productDescription":"Report: 64 p.; 2 Plates: 54.00 × 31.00 inches and \t23.00 × 36.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":60903,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1995w-x/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":60902,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1995w-x/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160636,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1995w-x/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60904,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1995w-x/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109813,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22234.htm","text":"Cenozoic deformation of the Franciscan complex, eastern Santa Maria basin, California","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"22234"},{"id":109814,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22235.htm","text":"Regional thermal maturity of surface rocks, onshore Santa Maria basin and Santa Barbara - Ventura basin area, California","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"22235"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Maria basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.87158203125,\n 34.21634468843463\n ],\n [\n -119.58618164062499,\n 34.21634468843463\n ],\n [\n -119.58618164062499,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -120.87158203125,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -120.87158203125,\n 34.21634468843463\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6f72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahl, Arthur D.","contributorId":63062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naeser, Nancy D.","contributorId":82753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Isaacs, Caroline M.","contributorId":98755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaacs","given":"Caroline","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keller, Margaret A. mkeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Margaret","email":"mkeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":26423,"text":"wri974284 - 1998 - Occurrence of nitrate and pesticides in ground water beneath three agricultural land-use settings in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California, 1993-1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri974284","displayToPublicDate":"1999-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4284","title":"Occurrence of nitrate and pesticides in ground water beneath three agricultural land-use settings in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California, 1993-1995","docAbstract":"The processes that affect nitrate and pesticide occurrence may be better understood by relating ground-water quality to natural and human factors in the context of distinct, regionally extensive, land- use settings. This study assesses nitrate and pesticide occurrence in ground water beneath three agricultural land-use settings in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California. Water samples were collected from 60 domestic wells in vineyard, almond, and a crop grouping of corn, alfalfa, and vegetable land-use settings. Each well was sampled once during 1993?1995. This study is one element of the U.S. Geological Survey?s National Water-Quality Assessment Program, which is designed to assess the status of, and trends in, the quality of the nation?s ground- and surface-water resources and to link the status and trends with an understanding of the natural and human factors that affect the quality of water.\r\nThe concentrations and occurrence of nitrate and pesticides in ground-water samples from domestic wells in the eastern alluvial fan physiographic region were related to differences in chemical applica- tions and to the physical and biogeochemical processes that charac- terize each of the three land-use settings. Ground water beneath the vineyard and almond land-use settings on the coarse-grained, upper and middle parts of the alluvial fans is more vulnerable to nonpoint- source agricultural contamination than is the ground water beneath the corn, alfalfa, and vegetable land-use setting on the lower part of the fans, near the basin physiographic region.\r\nNitrate concentrations ranged from less than 0.05 to 55 milligrams per liter, as nitrogen. Nitrate concentrations were significantly higher in the almond land-use setting than in the vineyard land-use setting, whereas concentrations in the corn, alfalfa, and vegetable land-use setting were intermediate. Nitrate concentrations exceeded the maximum contaminant level in eight samples from the almond land- use setting (40 percent), in seven samples from the corn, alfalfa, and vegetable land-use setting (35 percent), and in three samples from the vineyard land-use setting (15 percent). The physical and chemical characteristics of the vineyard and the almond land-use settings are similar, characterized by coarse-grained sediments and high dissolved- oxygen concentrations, reflecting processes that promote rapid infiltration of water and solutes. The high nitrate concentrations in the almond land-use setting reflect the high amount of nitrogen appli- cations in this setting, whereas the low nitrate concentrations in the vineyard land-use setting reflect relatively low nitrogen applications. In the corn, alfalfa, and vegetable land-use setting, the relatively fine-grained sediments, and low dissolved-oxygen concentrations, reflect processes that result in slow infiltration rates and longer ground-water residence times. The intermediate nitrate concentrations in the corn, alfalfa, and vegetable land-use setting are a result of these physical and chemical characteristics, combined with generally high (but variable) nitrogen applications.\r\nTwenty-three different pesticides were detected in 41 of 60 ground- water samples (68 percent). Eighty percent of the ground-water samples from the vineyard land-use setting had at least one pesticide detection, followed by 70 percent in the almond land-use setting, and 55 percent in the corn, alfalfa, and vegetable land-use setting. All concentra- tions were less than state or federal maximum contaminant levels only 5 of the detected pesticides have established maximum contaminant levels) with the exception of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, which exceeded the maximum contaminant level of 0.2 micrograms per liter in 10 ground-water samples from vineyard land-use wells and in 5 ground- water samples from almond land-use wells. Simazine was detected most often, occurring in 50 percent of the ground-water samples from the vineyard land-use wells and in 30 percent","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974284","usgsCitation":"Burow, K.R., Shelton, J.L., and Dubrovsky, N.M., 1998, Occurrence of nitrate and pesticides in ground water beneath three agricultural land-use settings in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California, 1993-1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4284, vii, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974284.","productDescription":"vii, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4284/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55216,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4284/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db692380","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dubrovsky, Neil M. 0000-0001-7786-1149 nmdubrov@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7786-1149","contributorId":1799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"Neil","email":"nmdubrov@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":6139,"text":"pp1587 - 1998 - Water quality assessment of the San Joaquin-Tulare basins, California: Analysis of available data on nutrients and suspended sediment in surface water, 1972-1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-03T22:00:14.570488","indexId":"pp1587","displayToPublicDate":"1999-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1587","title":"Water quality assessment of the San Joaquin-Tulare basins, California: Analysis of available data on nutrients and suspended sediment in surface water, 1972-1990","docAbstract":"

Nutrients and suspended sediment in surface water of the San Joaquin-Tulare basins in California were assessed using 1972-1990 data from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Information System and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's STOrage and RETrieval database. Loads of nutrients and suspended sediment were calculated at several sites and the contributions from point and nonpoint sources were estimated. Trends in nutrient and suspended-sediment concentrations were evaluated at several sites, especially at the basin outlet on the San Joaquin River. Comparisons of nutrient and suspended sediment concentrations were made among three environmental settings: the San Joaquin Valley-west side, the San Joaquin Valley-east side, and the Sierra Nevada.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1587","usgsCitation":"Kratzer, C.R., and Shelton, J.L., 1998, Water quality assessment of the San Joaquin-Tulare basins, California: Analysis of available data on nutrients and suspended sediment in surface water, 1972-1990: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1587, ix, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1587.","productDescription":"ix, 92 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410012,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16280.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":33214,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1587/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124640,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1587/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin-Tulare basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.542,\n 38.711\n ],\n [\n -121.542,\n 34.778\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 34.778\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 38.711\n ],\n [\n -121.542,\n 38.711\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9b18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kratzer, Charles R.","contributorId":30619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":152186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":152185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22448,"text":"ofr98534 - 1998 - Concepts for monitoring water quality in the Spokane River Basin, northern Idaho and eastern Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-29T13:26:32","indexId":"ofr98534","displayToPublicDate":"1999-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-534","title":"Concepts for monitoring water quality in the Spokane River Basin, northern Idaho and eastern Washington","docAbstract":"Numerous environmental studies have been\nconducted in the Spokane River Basin over the\npast several decades by government agencies,\nacademic institutions, and environmental engineering\nfirms. Most of these efforts have focused\non the environmental effects of more than a century\nof silver, lead, and zinc mining and oreprocessing\nactivities in the South Fork Coeur\nd'Alene River valley in northern Idaho. Several\nstudies also have assessed the water quality and\npotential for eutrophication of Coeur d'Alene and\nLong Lakes and the Coeur d'Alene, St. Joe, and\nSpokane Rivers. Because past investigations often\nwere limited in scope and employed different\napproaches and methods, an integrated understanding\nof hydrologic, water-quality, and\naquatic biological conditions still is lacking for\nthe basin as a whole. Substantial resources are\nbeing spent for water-quality and naturalresource\nmanagement, and for mitigating the\nadverse environmental effects of past mining\nactivities in the basin. A water-quality monitoring\nnetwork, integrated with the decision-making\nprocesses associated with these efforts, could be\nof considerable value. The purpose of such a\nmonitoring network is to produce high-quality\ninformation on which to base sound water-quality\nand natural-resource management decisions\nand to assess the effectiveness of those decisions.\nA streamflow- and water-quality monitoring\ninfrastructure already exists in the Spokane River\nBasin. This infrastructure consists of 20 lake-stage\nand streamflow-gaging stations, representing\nspecific drainages or subdrainages and, in many\ncases, specific stream reaches or subreaches.\nThese gaging stations are operated by the U.S.\nGeological Survey (USGS), several of them in\ncooperation with State and Federal agencies and\na private utility company. Extensive streamflow\ndata are available, some dating from the late\n1800s. Water-quality data are also available from\nrecent USGS cooperative studies in the Coeur\nd'Alene Lake watershed. A nutrient load/lake\nresponse (eutrophication) model has been developed\nfor Coeur d'Alene Lake. Hydraulic models\nfor estimating streamflow through the low-gradient\nreaches of the Coeur d'Alene and St. Joe\nRivers have been developed. Trace-element concentrations\nand distributions in sediments in the\nlower South Fork and main-stem Coeur d'Alene\nRiver flood plain and the bed of Coeur d'Alene\nLake have been assessed. Trace-element transport\nmodels have been developed for the lower\nCoeur d'Alene River system; estimates of annual\nload are available from the early 1990's to the\npresent (1998). The USGS is monitoring traceelement\nconcentrations and transport at seven\ngaging stations in the lower Coeur d'Alene River\nsystem and upper Spokane River, in cooperation\nwith the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Fish and macroinvertebrate community assessment\nand tissue contaminant analyses at four\nCoeur d'Alene and St. Joe River gaging stations\nwill begin in 1998, either as part of the Idaho Surface-\nWater Quality Ambient Monitoring Network\noperated by USGS in cooperation with the Idaho\nDivision of Environmental Quality, or for the\nNorthern Rockies Intermontane Basins (NROK)\nstudy of the USGS National Water-Quality\nAssessment (NAWQA) Program. Several gaging\nstations in the Spokane River Basin are being considered\nfor routine sampling sites for the NROK\nNAWQA study. Several other sites also will be\nsampled for contaminants in bed sediment and\nfish tissue for the NROK study.\nCombined with appropriate sampling and\ndata interpretation strategies, the existing USGS\ngaging-station network and data base could provide\nintegrated water-quality information needed\nfor sound environmental and resource-management\ndecisions throughout the Spokane River\nBasin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98534","isbn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Beckwith, M., 1998, Concepts for monitoring water quality in the Spokane River Basin, northern Idaho and eastern Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-534, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98534.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0534/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51977,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0534/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Couer D'alene River;Long Lake;St. Joe River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.429262,46.792472 ], [ -118.429262,48.100301 ], [ -114.927162,48.100301 ], [ -114.927162,46.792472 ], [ -118.429262,46.792472 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63602e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beckwith, M.A.","contributorId":79503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beckwith","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22056,"text":"ofr98476 - 1998 - Preliminary report on water quality associated with the abandoned Fontana and Hazel Creek Mines, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, North Carolina and Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T09:38:29","indexId":"ofr98476","displayToPublicDate":"1999-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-476","title":"Preliminary report on water quality associated with the abandoned Fontana and Hazel Creek Mines, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, North Carolina and Tennessee","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98476","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Seal, R., Hammarstrom, J.M., Southworth, C., Meier, A.L., Haffner, D., Schultz, A., Plumlee, G., Flohr, M., Jackson, J., Smith, S.M., and Hageman, P., 1998, Preliminary report on water quality associated with the abandoned Fontana and Hazel Creek Mines, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, North Carolina and Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-476, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98476.","productDescription":"50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0476/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51513,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0476/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee","city":"Gatlinburg","otherGeospatial":"Fontana Mine, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Hazel Creek Mine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n \"stroke-width\": 2,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n },\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.41070556640625,\n 35.149108698601644\n ],\n [\n -84.41070556640625,\n 35.93798832265393\n ],\n [\n -82.6336669921875,\n 35.93798832265393\n ],\n [\n -82.6336669921875,\n 35.149108698601644\n ],\n [\n -84.41070556640625,\n 35.149108698601644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c755","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammarstrom, J. M.","contributorId":34513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Southworth, C.S.","contributorId":51272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haffner, D.P.","contributorId":11241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haffner","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schultz, A. P.","contributorId":106139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"A. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Plumlee, G.S.","contributorId":80698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Flohr, M.J.","contributorId":95906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flohr","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jackson, J.C.","contributorId":104503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Smith, S. M.","contributorId":27859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hageman, P. L. 0000-0002-3440-2150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-2150","contributorId":27459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hageman","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":29588,"text":"wri974084 - 1998 - Hydrogeology and sources of recharge to the Buffalo and Wahpeton aquifers in the southern part of the Red River of the North drainage basin, west-central Minnesota and southeastern North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:27:15","indexId":"wri974084","displayToPublicDate":"1999-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4084","title":"Hydrogeology and sources of recharge to the Buffalo and Wahpeton aquifers in the southern part of the Red River of the North drainage basin, west-central Minnesota and southeastern North Dakota","docAbstract":"

Declining hydraulic heads in the Buffalo and Wahpeton aquifers are of concern to the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and local water managers because of limited groundwater resources in the southern part of the Red River of the North drainage basin. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and Moorhead Public Service, investigated the hydrogeology of and sources of recharge to the Buffalo and Wahpeton aquifers.

\n

The Buffalo aquifer is a complex, heterogeneous outwash deposit composed of medium to coarse sand and gravel. Part of the Buffalo aquifer is unconfined and part is confined. The direction of ground water flow in the Buffalo aquifer is from east to west. Water-level declines in observation wells near the Moorhead Public Service North Well Field extend beyond the eastern and western boundaries of the Buffalo aquifer. Transmissivity and storativity calculated from the drawdown part of an aquifer test ranged from 20,870 to 23,852 feet squared per day and from 3.0 x 10-5 to 3.2 x 10-2, respectively. Transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity values of 29,090 and 28,450 feet squared per day and 272 and 266 feet per day were calculated from the recovery-phase data.

\n

Potential recharge from the Buffalo River and its tributaries to the Buffalo aquifer ranged from 5 to 14 cubic feet per second. Recharge from precipitation where the Buffalo aquifer is unconfined was about 1.49 x 105 cubic feet per day. Recharge per unit length of the Buffalo aquifer during an aquifer test near the Moorhead Public Service North Well Field ranged from 3.9 x 10-4 to 2.0 x 10-2 cubic feet per day.

\n

The Wahpeton Shallow Sand, the Wahpeton Sand Plain, and the Wahpeton Buried Valley aquifers comprise the Wahpeton aquifers in order of increasing depth. All the aquifers are composed of fine- to coarse-grained sand mixed with gravel. Confining units are interleaved with the Wahpeton aquifers.

\n

Ground-water-flow directions in the Wahpeton aquifers were changed by ground-water development. Before development, ground water flowed from the Wahpeton Buried Valley aquifer upward to the Wahpeton Sand Plain aquifer and the Wahpeton Shallow Sand aquifer. After development, ground water flowed from the Wahpeton Shallow Sand aquifer to the Wahpeton Sand Plain and the Wahpeton Buried Valley aquifers.

\n

The potential sources of recharge to the Wahpeton aquifers investigated were the Red River of the North, and adjacent hydro geologic units. The volume of ground water pumped from the Wahpeton aquifers provides an estimate of the upper limit for the volume of recharge to the aquifer. Based on pumpage from all of the Wapheton aquifers from 1990 to 1993, the upper limit is about 580 million gallons per year (2.4 x 105 cubic feet per day).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri974084","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and Moorhead Public Service","usgsCitation":"Schoenberg, M., 1998, Hydrogeology and sources of recharge to the Buffalo and Wahpeton aquifers in the southern part of the Red River of the North drainage basin, west-central Minnesota and southeastern North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4084, v, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974084.","productDescription":"v, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4084/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58416,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4084/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Red River of the North basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.4052734375, 49.001843917978526 ], [ -99.99755859375, 48.99463598353408 ], [ -99.964599609375, 48.915279853443806 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.88639177703194 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.719961222646276 ], [ -99.86572265625, 48.61112192003074 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.46563710044979 ], [ -99.68994140625, 48.356249029540706 ], [ -99.6240234375, 48.22467264956519 ], [ -99.700927734375, 48.122101028190805 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49.001843917978526 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6252eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoenberg, Michael","contributorId":22802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenberg","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25962,"text":"wri974204 - 1998 - Geohydrology and simulated ground-water flow in northwestern Elkhart County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T11:00:25","indexId":"wri974204","displayToPublicDate":"1999-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4204","title":"Geohydrology and simulated ground-water flow in northwestern Elkhart County, Indiana","docAbstract":"

In 1994, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the City of Elkhart, developed a ground-water model of the Elkhart, Indiana, area to determine the avail-ability and source of water at potential new well fields. The modeled area covered 190 square miles of northwestern Elkhart County and a small part of southern Michigan. Three Superfund sites and several other sites in this area are undergoing environmental cleanup. The model would be used to guide the location of well fields so that Superfund sites and environmental cleanup areas would not be within recharge areas for the well fields. The City of Elkhart obtains its water supply from two aquifers separated by a generally continuous confining unit. The upper aquifer is composed primarily of sand and gravel of glacial origin. Thickness of the upper aquifer ranges from 0 to 116 feet and averages 47 feet. The lower aquifer is composed of sand and gravel with interbedded lenses of silt and clay. Thickness of the lower aquifer ranges from 1 to 335 feet and averages 35 feet. The intervening confining unit is composed of silt and clay with interbedded sand and gravel; the confining unit ranges from 0 to 177 feet, with an average thickness of 27 feet. Flow through the aquifers is generally horizontal vertically downward from the upper aquifer, through the confining unit, and into the lower aquifer, except where flow is vertically upward at the St. Joseph River and other large streams. The hydraulic characteristics of the aquifers and confining unit were estimated by analyzing aquifer-test data from well drillers? logs and by calibration of the model. The horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the upper aquifer is 170 feet per day within about 1 mile of the St. Joseph and Elkhart Rivers and 370 feet per day at distances greater than about 1 mile. The horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the lower aquifer is 370 feet per day throughout the modeled area, with the exception of an area near the center of the modeled area where the horizontal hydraulic conductivity is 170 feet per day. Transmissivity of the lower aquifer increases generally from southwest to northeast; transmissivity values range from near 0 where the lower aquifer is absent to 57,000 square feet per day and average about 8,100 square feet per day. The vertical hydraulic conductivity of the confining unit is 0.07 feet per day; the vertical conductivity of the streambeds commonly is 1.0 foot per day and ranges from 0.05 foot per day to 50 feet per day. The areal recharge rate to the outwash deposits was determined by a base-flow separation technique to be 16 inches per year, and the areal recharge rate to the till was assumed to be 4 inches per year. A two-layer digital model was used to simulate flow in the ground-water system. The model was calibrated on the basis of historical water-use data, water-level records, and gain/loss data for streams during May and June 1979. The model was recalibrated with water-use data and water-level records from 1988. For 1979 data, 49 percent of the inflow to the model area is from precipitation and 46 percent is ground-water inflow across the model boundaries. Most of the ground-water inflow across the model boundary is from the north and east, which corresponds to high values of transmissivity?as high as 57,000 feet squared per day?in the model layers in the northern and eastern areas. Eighty-two percent of the ground-water discharge is to the streams; 5 percent of the ground-water discharge is to wells. Source areas and flow paths to the City of Elkhart public well fields are affected by the location of streams and the geology in the area. Flow to the North Well Field originates north-west of the well field, forms relatively straight flow paths, and moves southeast toward the well field and the St. Joseph River. Flow to the South Well Field begins mostly in the out-wash along Yellow Creek south of the well field, moves northward, and t

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri974204","collaboration":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, City of Elkhart","usgsCitation":"Arihood, L.D., and Cohen, D., 1998, Geohydrology and simulated ground-water flow in northwestern Elkhart County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4204, v, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974204.","productDescription":"v, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4204/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54712,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4204/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Elkhart","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.7874,41.7615],[-85.7591,41.7613],[-85.6606,41.7608],[-85.6589,41.699],[-85.6575,41.6122],[-85.6554,41.5251],[-85.6542,41.4733],[-85.6552,41.4384],[-85.7704,41.4377],[-85.8874,41.4379],[-86.0008,41.4375],[-86.059,41.4367],[-86.0594,41.4644],[-86.0593,41.474],[-86.0593,41.479],[-86.0592,41.4935],[-86.0598,41.4999],[-86.0624,41.7619],[-85.932,41.7623],[-85.7874,41.7615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Elkhart\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8c7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arihood, L. D. 0000-0001-5792-3699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5792-3699","contributorId":74388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arihood","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohen, D.A.","contributorId":17628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32135,"text":"ofr98101 - 1998 - Geologic map of Paleozoic rocks in the Calico Hills, Nevada Test Site, southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T21:19:40.680553","indexId":"ofr98101","displayToPublicDate":"1999-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-101","title":"Geologic map of Paleozoic rocks in the Calico Hills, Nevada Test Site, southern Nevada","docAbstract":"

The Calico Hills area in the southwestern part of the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada, exposes a core of pre-Tertiary rocks surrounded by middle Miocene volcanic strata. This map portrays the very complex relationships among the pre-Tertiary stratigraphic units of the region. The Devonian and Mississippian rocks of the Calico Hills are distinct from age-equivalent carbonate-shelf or submarine-fan strata in other parts of the Nevada Test Site. The Calico Hills strata are interpreted to have been deposited beyond the continental shelf edge from alternating silicic and carbonate clastic sources.

Structures of the Calico Hills area record the compounded effects of: 1) eastward-directed, foreland-vergent thrusting; 2) younger folds, kink zones, and thrusts formed by hinterland-vergent deformation toward northwesterly and northerly directions; and 3) low-angle normal faults that displaced blocks of Middle Paleozoic carbonate strata across the contractionally deformed terrane. All of these structures are older than any of the middle Miocene volcanic rocks that were erupted across the Calico Hills.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Cole, J.C., and Cashman, P.H., 1998, Geologic map of Paleozoic rocks in the Calico Hills, Nevada Test Site, southern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-101, Report: i, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 48.03 x 33.72 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98101.","productDescription":"Report: i, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 48.03 x 33.72 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":60261,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0101/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":393127,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0101/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0101/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Calico Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.35,\n 36.86111111\n ],\n [\n -116.28333333,\n 36.86111111\n ],\n [\n -116.28333333,\n 36.89583333\n ],\n [\n -116.35,\n 36.89583333\n ],\n [\n -116.35,\n 36.86111111\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2c7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, James C. jimcole@usgs.gov","contributorId":1256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"James","email":"jimcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cashman, Patricia H.","contributorId":84058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25674,"text":"wri974256 - 1998 - National water-quality assessment of the Lake Erie-Lake St. Clair Basin, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York — Environmental and hydrologic setting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T19:34:21.084711","indexId":"wri974256","displayToPublicDate":"1999-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4256","title":"National water-quality assessment of the Lake Erie-Lake St. Clair Basin, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York — Environmental and hydrologic setting","docAbstract":"

The Lake Erie-Lake St. Clair Basin covers approximately 22,300 mi2 (square miles) in parts of Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Situated in two major physiographic provinces, the Appalachian Plateaus and the Central Lowland, the basin includes varied topographic and geomorphic features that affect the hydrology. As of 1990, the basin was inhabited by approximately 10.4 million people.

Lake effect has a large influence on the temperature and precipitation of the basin, especially along the leeward southeast shore of Lake Erie. Mean annual precipitation generally increases from west to east, ranging from 31.8 inches at Detroit, Mich., to 43.8 inches at Erie, Pa.

The rocks that underlie the Lake Erie-Lake St. Clair Basin range in age from Cambrian through Pennsylvanian, but only Silurian through Pennsylvanian rocks are part of the shallow ground-water flow system. The position of the basin on the edge of the Michigan and Appalachian Basins is responsible for the large range in geologic time of the exposed rocks. Rock types range from shales, siltstones, and mudstones to coarse-grained sandstones and conglomerates. Carbonate rocks consisting of limestones, dolomites, and calcareous shales also underlie the basin. All the basin is overlain by Pleistocene deposits- till, fine-grained stratified sediments, and coarse-grained stratified sediments-most of Wisconsinan age. A system of buried river valleys filled with various lacustrine, alluvial, and coarse glacial deposits is present in the basin.

The soils of the Lake Erie-Lake St. Clair Basin consist of two dominant soil orders: Alfisols and Inceptisols. Four other soil orders in the basin (Mollisols, Histisols, Entisols, and Spodosols) are of minor significance, making up less than 8 percent of the total area.

The estimated water use for the Lake Erie-Lake St. Clair Basin for 1990 was 10,649 Mgal/d (million gallons per day). Power generation accounted for about 77 percent of total water withdrawals for the basin, whereas agriculture accounted for the least water-use withdrawals, at an estimated 38 Mgal/d. About 98 percent of the total water used in the basin was drawn from surface water; the remaining 2 percent was from ground water.

Agricultural and urban land are the predominant land covers in the basin. Agriculture makes up approximately 74.7 percent of the total basin area; urban land use accounts for 11.2 percent; forested areas constitute 10.5 percent; and water, wetlands, rangeland, and barren land constitute less than 4.0 percent.

The eight principal streams in the basin are the Clinton, Huron, and Raisin Rivers in Michigan, the Maumee, Sandusky, Cuyahoga, and Grand Rivers in Ohio, and Cattaraugus Creek in New York. The Maumee River, the largest stream in the basin, drains 6,609 mi2 and discharges just under 24 percent of the streamflow from the basin into Lake Erie. Combined, the eight principal streams discharge approximately 54 percent of the surface water from the basin to the Lake Erie system per year. Average runoff increases from west to east in the basin.

The glacial and recent deposits comprise the unconsolidated aquifers and confining units within the basin. Yields of wells completed in tills range from 0 to 20 gal/min (gallon per minute), but yields generally are near the lower part of this range. Fine-grained stratified deposits can be expected to yield from 0 to 3 gal/ min, and coarse-grained stratified deposits can yield 0.3 to 2,050 gal/min. Pennsylvanian sandstones can yield more than 25 gal/min, but they generally yield 10 to 25 gal/min. Mississippian sandstones in the basin generally yield 2 to 100 gal/min. The Mississippian and Devonian shales are considered to be confining units; in places, they produce small quantities of water from fractures at or near the bedrock surface. Wells completed in the Devonian and Silurian carbonates yield 25 to 500 gal/min, but higher yields have been reported in several zones.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974256","usgsCitation":"Casey, G.D., Myers, D.N., Finnegan, D.P., and Wieczorek, M., 1998, National water-quality assessment of the Lake Erie-Lake St. Clair Basin, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York — Environmental and hydrologic setting: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4256, viii, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974256.","productDescription":"viii, 93 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394116,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48862.htm"},{"id":54442,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4256/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4256/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Michigan, New York , Ohio, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie - Lake St. Clair Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.3333,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -78.1667,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -78.1667,\n 43.6667\n ],\n [\n -85.3333,\n 43.6667\n ],\n [\n -85.3333,\n 40.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698341","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casey, G. D.","contributorId":49819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myers, Donna N.","contributorId":63027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finnegan, D. P.","contributorId":7736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finnegan","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wieczorek, Michael E. 0000-0003-0999-5457 mewieczo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0999-5457","contributorId":178736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Michael E.","email":"mewieczo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":22192,"text":"ofr98462 - 1998 - Sulfur dioxide emission rates of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, 1979-1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-21T19:57:40.450219","indexId":"ofr98462","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-462","title":"Sulfur dioxide emission rates of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, 1979-1997","docAbstract":"

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rates from Kilauea Volcano were first measured by Stoiber and Malone (1975) and have been measured on a regular basis since 1979 (Casadevall and others, 1987; Greenland and others, 1985; Elias and others, 1993; Elias and Sutton, 1996). The purpose of this report is to present a compilation of Kilauea SO2 emission rate data from 1979 through 1997 with ancillary meteorological data (wind speed and wind direction). We have included measurements previously reported by Casadevall and others (1987) for completeness and to improve the usefulness of this current database compilation.

Kilauea releases SO2 gas predominantly from its summit caldera and rift zones (fig. 1). From 1979 through 1982, vehicle-based COSPEC measurements made within the summit caldera were adequate to quantify most of the SO2 emitted from the volcano. Beginning in 1983. the focus of SO2 release shifted from the summit to the east rift zone (ERZ) eruption site at Pu'u 'O'o and, later, Kupaianaha. Since 1984, the Kilauea gas measurement effort has been augmented with intermittent airborne and tripod-based surveys made near the ERZ eruption site. In addition, beginning in 1992 vehicle-based measurements have been made along a section of Chain of Craters Road approximately 9 km downwind of the eruption site. These several types of COSPEC measurements continue to the present.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98462","usgsCitation":"Elias, T., Sutton, A.J., Stokes, J.B., and Casadevall, T.J., 1998, Sulfur dioxide emission rates of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, 1979-1997 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-462, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98462.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404284,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37215.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51628,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0462/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":156427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0462/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1530,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-462/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.317,\n 19.25\n ],\n [\n -155.125,\n 19.25\n ],\n [\n -155.125,\n 19.417\n ],\n [\n -155.317,\n 19.417\n ],\n [\n -155.317,\n 19.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6998df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elias, Tamar 0000-0002-9592-4518 telias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":3916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Tamar","email":"telias@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutton, A. J. 0000-0003-1902-3977","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-3977","contributorId":28983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stokes, J. B.","contributorId":19182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casadevall, T. J.","contributorId":96680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":22179,"text":"ofr98340 - 1998 - Stratiform zinc-lead mineralization in Nasina assemblage rocks of the Yukon-Tanana Upland in east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-13T19:38:01.614416","indexId":"ofr98340","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-340","title":"Stratiform zinc-lead mineralization in Nasina assemblage rocks of the Yukon-Tanana Upland in east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"The Yukon-Tanana Upland of east-central Alaska and Yukon comprises thrust sheets of ductilely deformed metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks of uncertain age and origin that are overlain by klippen of weakly metamorphosed oceanic rocks of the Seventymile-Slide Mountain terrane, and intruded by post-kinematic Early Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary granitoids. Metamorphosed continental margin strata in the Yukon-Tanana Upland of east-central Alaska are thought to be correlative, on the basis of stratigraphic similarities and sparse Mississippian U-Pb zircon and fossil ages (Mortensen, 1992), with middle Paleozoic metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks in the eastern Alaska Range and in western and southeastern Yukon. Furthermore, rocks in the northern Yukon-Tanana Upland may correlate across the Tintina fault with unmetamorphosed counterparts in the Selwyn Basin (Murphy and Abbott, 1995).\n\nVolcanic-hosted (VMS) and sedimentary exhalative (sedex) massive sulfide occurrences are widely reported for these other areas (green-colored unit of fig. 1) but, as yet, have not been documented in the Alaskan part of the Yukon-Tanana Upland. Recent discoveries of VMS deposits in Devono-Mississippian metavolcanic rocks in the Finlayson Lake area of southeastern Yukon (Hunt, 1997) have increased the potential for finding VMS deposits in rocks of similar lithology and age in the Yukon-Tanana Upland of Alaska. Restoration of 450 km of early Tertiary dextral movement along the Tintina fault juxtaposes these two areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98340","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Dusel-Bacon, C., Bressler, J.R., Takaoka, H., Mortensen, J.K., Oliver, D.H., Leventhal, J.S., Newberry, R.J., and Bundtzen, T., 1998, Stratiform zinc-lead mineralization in Nasina assemblage rocks of the Yukon-Tanana Upland in east-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-340, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98340.","productDescription":"26 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1518,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0340/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284323,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0340/pdf/OF98-340.pdf"},{"id":284324,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0340/intro.html"},{"id":155844,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr98340.jpg"},{"id":430153,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51539.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Tanana Upland","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -146.0,54.5 ], [ -146.0,55.0 ], [ -145.0,55.0 ], [ -145.0,54.5 ], [ -146.0,54.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b10ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bressler, Jason R.","contributorId":16748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bressler","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takaoka, Hidetoshi","contributorId":31304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takaoka","given":"Hidetoshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mortensen, James K.","contributorId":96794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mortensen","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oliver, Douglas H.","contributorId":40894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leventhal, Joel S.","contributorId":36529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leventhal","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Newberry, Rainer J.","contributorId":68645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newberry","given":"Rainer","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bundtzen, Thomas K.","contributorId":83560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bundtzen","given":"Thomas K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":21634,"text":"ofr98246 - 1998 - Biostratigraphy and physical stratigraphy of the USGS-Cannon Park core (CHN-800), Charleston County, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T06:55:30","indexId":"ofr98246","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-246","title":"Biostratigraphy and physical stratigraphy of the USGS-Cannon Park core (CHN-800), Charleston County, South Carolina","docAbstract":"

No abstract avavilable.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98246","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Bybell, L.M., Conlon, K.J., Edwards, L.E., Frederiksen, N.O., Gohn, G., and Self-Trail, J., 1998, Biostratigraphy and physical stratigraphy of the USGS-Cannon Park core (CHN-800), Charleston County, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-246, 65 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98246.","productDescription":"65 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0246/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51191,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0246/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Charleston County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.20294189453125,\n 32.62318347873869\n ],\n [\n -79.69207763671875,\n 32.62318347873869\n ],\n [\n -79.69207763671875,\n 32.967195229355916\n ],\n [\n -80.20294189453125,\n 32.967195229355916\n ],\n [\n -80.20294189453125,\n 32.62318347873869\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a30e4b07f02db617016","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bybell, Laurel M. 0000-0002-4760-7542 lbybell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-7542","contributorId":1760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bybell","given":"Laurel","email":"lbybell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":184988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conlon, Kevin J. 0000-0003-0798-368X kjconlon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0798-368X","contributorId":2561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"Kevin","email":"kjconlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":184990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":184987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frederiksen, N. O.","contributorId":78356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederiksen","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gohn, Gregory 0000-0003-2000-479X ggohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2000-479X","contributorId":219822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"Gregory","email":"ggohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":184989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Self-Trail, Jean 0000-0002-3018-4985 jstrail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3018-4985","contributorId":147370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self-Trail","given":"Jean","email":"jstrail@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":529061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":32159,"text":"ofr98433 - 1998 - Aeromagnetic survey of parts of the Black River Lake, Eau Claire, Hastings, Stillwater, and Winona 1:100,000 quadrangles in Wisconsin, south-east sheet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-26T15:13:21.82533","indexId":"ofr98433","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-433","title":"Aeromagnetic survey of parts of the Black River Lake, Eau Claire, Hastings, Stillwater, and Winona 1:100,000 quadrangles in Wisconsin, south-east sheet","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98433","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998, Aeromagnetic survey of parts of the Black River Lake, Eau Claire, Hastings, Stillwater, and Winona 1:100,000 quadrangles in Wisconsin, south-east sheet: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-433, 1 Plate: 54.00 x 32.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98433.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 54.00 x 32.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163417,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411017,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17812.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":19657,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0433/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Black River Lake quadrangle, Eau Claire quadrangle, Hastings quadrangle, Stillwater quadrangle, Winona quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.646,\n 44.609\n ],\n [\n -91.646,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -90.286,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -90.286,\n 44.609\n ],\n [\n -91.646,\n 44.609\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689cfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21740,"text":"ofr98357 - 1998 - Digital Geologic Map of the Rosalia 1:100,000 Quadrangle, Washington and Idaho: A Digital Database for the 1990 S.Z. Waggoner Map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:07","indexId":"ofr98357","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-357","title":"Digital Geologic Map of the Rosalia 1:100,000 Quadrangle, Washington and Idaho: A Digital Database for the 1990 S.Z. Waggoner Map","docAbstract":"The geologic map of the Rosalia 1:100,000-scale quadrangle was compiled in 1990 by S.Z. Waggoner of the Washington state Division of Geology and Earth Resources. This data was entered into a geographic information system (GIS) as part of a larger effort to create regional digital geology for the Pacific Northwest. The intent was to provide a digital geospatial database for a previously published black and white paper geologic map. This database can be queried in many ways to produce a variety of geologic maps. Digital base map data files are not included: they may be obtained from a variety of commercial and government sources. This database is not meant to be used or displayed at any scale larger than 1:100,000 (e.g., 1:62,500 or 1:24,000) as it has been somewhat generalized to fit the 1:100,000 scale map. \r\n\r\nThe map area is located in eastern Washington and extends across the state border into western Idaho. This open-file report describes the methods used to convert the geologic map data into a digital format, documents the file structures, and explains how to download the digital files from the U.S. Geological Survey public access World Wide Web site on the Internet. \r\n\r\nWe wish to thank J. Eric Schuster of the Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources for providing the original stable-base mylar and the funding for it to be scanned. We also thank Dick Blank and Barry Moring of the U.S. Geological Survey for reviewing the manuscript and digital files, respectively.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr98357","issn":"0566-8174","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Spokane County Public Works, Utilities Department, and the Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources","usgsCitation":"Derkey, P., Johnson, B.R., Lackaff, B.B., and Derkey, R.E., 1998, Digital Geologic Map of the Rosalia 1:100,000 Quadrangle, Washington and Idaho: A Digital Database for the 1990 S.Z. Waggoner Map: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-357, Report: ii, 27 p.; ReadMe; Datasets; Text/AML Files; GIS Files; Maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98357.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 27 p.; ReadMe; Datasets; Text/AML Files; GIS Files; Maps","costCenters":[{"id":667,"text":"Western Region Geologic Information","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11856,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-357/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,47 ], [ -118,47.5 ], [ -117,47.5 ], [ -117,47 ], [ -118,47 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b45e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Derkey, Pamela D.","contributorId":69590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derkey","given":"Pamela D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Bruce R.","contributorId":100009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lackaff, Beatrice B.","contributorId":68340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lackaff","given":"Beatrice","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Derkey, Robert E.","contributorId":58669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derkey","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":21917,"text":"ofr98205 - 1998 - Lithostratigraphy, petrography, biostratigraphy, and strontium-isotope stratigraphy of the surficial aquifer system of western Collier County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T17:26:13.234544","indexId":"ofr98205","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-31T21:50:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-205","title":"Lithostratigraphy, petrography, biostratigraphy, and strontium-isotope stratigraphy of the surficial aquifer system of western Collier County, Florida","docAbstract":"In 1996, seven cores were recovered in western Collier County, southwestern Florida, to acquire subsurface geologic and hydrologic data to support ground-water modeling efforts. This report presents the lithostratigraphy, X-ray diffraction analyses, petrography, biostratigraphy, and strontium-isotope stratigraphy of these cores. \r\n\r\nThe oldest unit encountered in the study cores is an unnamed formation that is late Miocene. At least four depositional sequences are present within this formation. Calculated age of the formation, based on strontium-isotope stratigraphy, ranges from 9.5 to 5.7 Ma (million years ago). An unconformity within this formation that represents a hiatus of at least 2 million years is indicated in the Old Pump Road core. In two cores, Collier-Seminole and Old Pump Road, the uppermost sediments of the unnamed formation are not dated by strontium isotopes, and, based on the fossils present, these sediments could be as young as Pliocene. In another core (Fakahatchee Strand-Ranger Station), the upper part of the unnamed formation is dated by mollusks as Pliocene. The Tamiami Formation overlies the unnamed formation throughout the study area and is represented by the Ochopee Limestone Member. The unit is Pliocene and probably includes the interval of time near the early/late Pliocene boundary. Strontium-isotope analysis indicates an early Pliocene age (calculated ages range from 5.1 to 3.5 Ma), but the margin of error includes the latest Miocene and the late Pliocene. The dinocyst assemblages in the Ochopee typically are not age-diagnostic, but, near the base of the unit in the Collier-Seminole, Jones Grade, and Fakahatchee Strand State Forest cores, they indicate an age of late Miocene or Pliocene. The molluscan assemblages indicate a Pliocene age for the Ochopee, and a distinctive assemblage of Carditimera arata and Chione cortinaria in several of the cores specifically indicates an age near the early/late Pliocene boundary. \r\n\r\nUndifferentiated sands overlie the Pliocene limestones in two cores in the southern part of the study area. Artificial fill occurs at the top of most of the cores. \r\n\r\nThe hydrologic confining units penetrated by these cores are different in different parts of the study area. To the west, a hard tightly cemented dolostone forms the first major confining unit below the water table. In the eastern part of the study area, confinement is more difficult to determine. A tightly cemented sandstone, much younger than the dolostones to the west and probably not laterally connected to them, forms a slight confining unit in one core. Thick zones of poorly sorted muddy unconsolidated sands form a slight confining unit in other cores; these probably are not correlative to either the sandstone or the dolostones to the west. The age and sedimentologic observations suggest a complex compartmentalization of the surficial aquifer system in southwestern Florida. The calibrations of dinocyst and molluscan occurrences with strontium-isotope stratigraphy allows us to expand and document the reported ranges of many taxa. \r\n\r\n\r\nThis report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98205","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Edwards, L.E., Weedman, S., Simmons, K., Scott, T., Brewster-Wingard, G., Ishman, S., and Carlin, N., 1998, Lithostratigraphy, petrography, biostratigraphy, and strontium-isotope stratigraphy of the surficial aquifer system of western Collier County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-205, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98205.","productDescription":"79 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0205/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51399,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0205/ofr98205.pdf","text":"Report","size":"893 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 98-205"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Collier County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.88110351562499,\n 25.06072125231416\n ],\n [\n -80.62042236328125,\n 25.06072125231416\n ],\n [\n -80.62042236328125,\n 26.27371402440643\n ],\n [\n -81.88110351562499,\n 26.27371402440643\n ],\n [\n -81.88110351562499,\n 25.06072125231416\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314

Contact Pubs Warehouse

","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63609d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weedman, S.D.","contributorId":23961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weedman","given":"S.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simmons, Kathleen 0000-0002-7920-094X ksimmons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7920-094X","contributorId":200362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"Kathleen","email":"ksimmons@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":186237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, T.M.","contributorId":66694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brewster-Wingard, G. L.","contributorId":102508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewster-Wingard","given":"G. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ishman, S. E.","contributorId":20346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishman","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Carlin, N.M.","contributorId":93936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlin","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70221595,"text":"70221595 - 1998 - Geology of the Black Mingo Group (Paleocene) in the Kingstree and St. Stephen areas of South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-24T16:41:51.567747","indexId":"70221595","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-31T11:35:48","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8940,"text":"Transactions of the American Philosophical Society","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Black Mingo Group (Paleocene) in the Kingstree and St. Stephen areas of South Carolina","docAbstract":"

Paleocene vertebrate remains from the areas of Kingstree and St. Stephen, South Carolina, come from the Rhems and Williamsburg formations of the Black Mingo Group. Sedimentary textures and fossils indicate that both units accumulated in shallow, nearshore marine, lagoonal, and deltaic depositional environments. Calcareous nannofossils and dinoflagellates indicate that the vertebrate-bearing portions of the Williamsburg Formation near St. Stephen belong within calcareous nannoplankton Zones NP 3-5 (Lower Bridge Member) and within calcareous nannoplankton zones NP 8-9 (Chicora Member). Paleocene vertibrate remains from Kingstree probably all come from near the base of the Rhems Formation.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Philosopical Society","doi":"10.2307/1006668","usgsCitation":"Weems, R.E., and Bybell, L.M., 1998, Geology of the Black Mingo Group (Paleocene) in the Kingstree and St. Stephen areas of South Carolina: Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, v. 88, no. 4, p. 9-27, https://doi.org/10.2307/1006668.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"27","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386707,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Kingstree, St. Stephen","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.05531311035156,\n 33.43946348316134\n ],\n [\n -79.76417541503906,\n 33.43946348316134\n ],\n [\n -79.76417541503906,\n 33.696922692957685\n ],\n [\n -80.05531311035156,\n 33.696922692957685\n ],\n [\n -80.05531311035156,\n 33.43946348316134\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bybell, Laurel M. 0000-0002-4760-7542 lbybell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-7542","contributorId":1760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bybell","given":"Laurel","email":"lbybell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70181788,"text":"70181788 - 1998 - Loose-coupling a cellular automaton model and GIS: Long-term urban growth prediction for San Francisco and Washington/Baltimore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T11:29:04","indexId":"70181788","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2046,"text":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loose-coupling a cellular automaton model and GIS: Long-term urban growth prediction for San Francisco and Washington/Baltimore","docAbstract":"

Prior research developed a cellular automaton model, that was calibrated by using historical digital maps of urban areas and can be used to predict the future extent of an urban area. The model has now been applied to two rapidly growing, but remarkably different urban areas: the San Francisco Bay region in California and the Washington/Baltimore corridor in the Eastern United States. This paper presents the calibration and prediction results for both regions, reviews their data requirements, compares the differences in the initial configurations and control parameters for the model in the two settings, and discusses the role of GIS in the applications. The model has generated some long term predictions that appear useful for urban planning and are consistent with results from other models and observations of growth. Although the GIS was only loosely coupled with the model, the model's provision of future urban patterns as data layers for GIS description and analysis is an important outcome of this type of calculation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/136588198241617","usgsCitation":"Clarke, K., and Gaydos, L., 1998, Loose-coupling a cellular automaton model and GIS: Long-term urban growth prediction for San Francisco and Washington/Baltimore: International Journal of Geographical Information Science, v. 12, no. 7, p. 699-714, https://doi.org/10.1080/136588198241617.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"714","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Maryland","city":"Baltimore, San Francisco, Washington D.C.","volume":"12","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a4253be4b0c825128ad47e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clarke, Keith","contributorId":13861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaydos, Leonard","contributorId":79888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydos","given":"Leonard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1007899,"text":"1007899 - 1998 - Effects of climatic variation on field metabolism and water relations of desert tortoises","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-20T16:34:51.020656","indexId":"1007899","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of climatic variation on field metabolism and water relations of desert tortoises","docAbstract":"

We used the doubly labeled water method to measure the field metabolic rates (FMRs, in kJ kg−1 day−1) and water flux rates (WIRs, in ml H2O kg−1 day−1) of adult desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) in three parts of the Mojave Desert in California over a 3.5-year period, in order to develop insights into the physiological responses of this threatened species to climate variation among sites and years. FMR, WIR, and the water economy index (WEI, in ml H2O kJ−1, an indicator of drinking of free water) differed extensively among seasons, among study sites, between sexes, and among years. In high-rainfall years, males had higher FMRs than females. Average daily rates of energy and water use by desert tortoises were extraordinarily variable: 28-fold differences in FMR and 237-fold differences in WIR were measured. Some of this variation was due to seasonal conditions, with rates being low during cold winter months and higher in the warm seasons. However, much of the variation was due to responses to year-to-year variation in rainfall. Annual spring peaks in FMR and WIR were higher in wet years than in drought years. Site differences in seasonal patterns were apparently due to geographic differences in rainfall patterns (more summer rain at eastern Mojave sites). In spring 1992, during an El Niño (ENSO) event, the WEI was greater than the maximal value obtainable from consuming succulent vegetation, indicating copious drinking of rainwater at that time. The physiological and behavioral flexibility of desert tortoises, evident in individuals living at all three study sites, appears central to their ability to survive droughts and benefit from periods of resource abundance. The strong effects of the El Niño (ENSO) weather pattern on tortoise physiology, reproduction, and survival elucidated in this and other studies suggest that local manifestations of global climate events could have a long-term influence on the tortoise populations in the Mojave Desert.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s004420050669","usgsCitation":"Henen, B., Peterson, C., Wallis, I., Berry, K., and Nagy, K., 1998, Effects of climatic variation on field metabolism and water relations of desert tortoises: Oecologia, v. 117, no. 3, p. 365-373, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050669.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"373","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130164,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.10088794831762,\n 35.37550992939249\n ],\n [\n -116.10088794831762,\n 34.82612300362953\n ],\n [\n -114.79986279961601,\n 34.82612300362953\n ],\n [\n -114.79986279961601,\n 35.37550992939249\n ],\n [\n -116.10088794831762,\n 35.37550992939249\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db616178","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henen, B.T.","contributorId":67457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henen","given":"B.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, C.C.","contributorId":24725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallis, I.R.","contributorId":80612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallis","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nagy, K.A.","contributorId":39727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagy","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70068731,"text":"70068731 - 1998 - Preliminary results from the investigation of the Pymatuning earthquake of September 25, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T10:00:04","indexId":"70068731","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T09:41:48","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3029,"text":"Pennsylvania Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary results from the investigation of the Pymatuning earthquake of September 25, 1998","docAbstract":"

The Pymatuning earthquake occurred on Friday, September 25, 1998, at 19:52:52 Universal Coordinated Time (UTC), or 3:52:52 p.m. EDT, near Jamestown, Pa., at the southern end of the Pymatuning Reservoir, which straddles the Ohio-Pennsylvania border. The National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) determined that the event had a magnitude of 5.2 mbLg (a magnitude scale used to measure the size of earthquakes that are regional distances away [100 to 1,000 km, or 60 to 600 mi]), an epicenter of 41.5°N latitude, 80.4°W longitude, and an estimated depth of 5 km (3 mi). One person was reported injured as a result of being thrown to the ground by the earthquake, and it caused minor damage to buildings and seriously disrupted many water wells in the GreenvilleJamestown, Pa., area. The earthquake was generally felt over an area of approximately 200,000 km2 (77,230 mi2) throughout northern Ohio, western Pennsylvania and New York, and much of southern Ontario, Canada (see map on back cover). It was also felt as far west as Illinois and Wisconsin, as far east as New Jersey, Connecticut, and the District of Columbia, and as far south as Kentucky and Virginia. During the aftershock field investigation that commenced within 12 hours of the main shock, a World Wide Web site, <http://groundmotion.cr.usgs.gov/pym/pym.htm>, was established from the field headquarters. The web site was used not only to transmit investigation results to the world in near real time but also to receive information from the local community as new earthquake effects were reported. As of March 1999, at least 11 aftershocks have occurred, the largest being a magnitude 2.3.

\n
\n

The largest recent previous earthquake in the region was the northeastern Ohio (Leroy) earthquake of magnitude 5.0 that occurred on January 31, 1986, about 65 km (40 mi) west-northwest of the Pymatuning shock. This event was also felt by many of those who felt the Pymatuning earthquake. Similar to most of the seismicity east of the Rocky Mountains, earthquakes in the region are probably shallow (5 to 10 km, or 3 to 6 mi), and Seeber and Armbruster (1993) hypothesized that the earthquakes occurred along preexisting zones of weakness in Precambrian rocks. Wegweiser and others (1998) suggested that seismicity in northwestern Pennsylvania may be associated with the northwest-trending “cross-strike discontinuities” that are recognized in Paleozoic rocks and may represent reactivation of faults in the Precambrian basement. Using structure-contour maps constructed on the tops of lower Paleozoic strata, Alexandrowicz and Cole (1999) found evidence of preexisting northwest-striking faults in the epicentral region of the Pymatuning shock. The Harvard focal mechanism for the Pymatuning earthquake (a method used to infer the slip and orientation of the fault that generated an earthquake) indicates thrust faulting on a northwest striking plane, which is consistent with the regional northeast-southwest compressive stress regime observed in the area. Seeber and Armbruster (1993) plotted three prior earthquakes in the epicentral area having magnitudes greater than 3; two were instrumentally located near the Pymatuning earthquake, and the third event occurred 20 to 30 km (12 to 19 mi) to the northeast in 1852 (Figure 1).

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pennsylvania Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey","usgsCitation":"Armbruster, J., Barton, H., Bodin, P., Buckwalter, T., Cox, J., Cranswick, E., Dewey, J., Fleeger, G., Hopper, M., Horton, S., Hoskins, D., Kilb, D., Meremonte, M., Metzger, A., Risser, D., Seeber, L., Shedlock, K., Stanley, K., Withers, M., and Zirbes, M., 1998, Preliminary results from the investigation of the Pymatuning earthquake of September 25, 1998: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 29, no. 4, p. 2-14.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280845,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280840,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo/publications/pageolonline/Geology-Volumes22to31/index.htm"}],"country":"Canada;United States","state":"Connecticut;District of Columbia;Illinois;Kentucky;New Jersey;New York;Ohio;Pennsylvania;Wisconsin;Virginia","city":"Greenville;Jamestown","otherGeospatial":"Ontario;Pymatuning Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.3,39.54 ], [ -87.3,45.48 ], [ -74.97,45.48 ], [ -74.97,39.54 ], [ -87.3,39.54 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6dbce4b0b29085105560","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armbruster, John","contributorId":96996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, Henry","contributorId":65759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodin, Paul","contributorId":104142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buckwalter, Theodore","contributorId":77040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckwalter","given":"Theodore","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cox, Jon","contributorId":86256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cranswick, Edward","contributorId":15611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranswick","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dewey, James","contributorId":35621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fleeger, Gary","contributorId":57761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleeger","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hopper, Margaret","contributorId":104805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopper","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Horton, Stephen","contributorId":99882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hoskins, Donald","contributorId":105219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoskins","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kilb, Deborah","contributorId":76220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilb","given":"Deborah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Meremonte, Mark","contributorId":56968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meremonte","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Metzger, Ann","contributorId":14293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Risser, Dennis","contributorId":19466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Seeber, Leonardo","contributorId":81133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeber","given":"Leonardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Shedlock, Kaye","contributorId":62256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"Kaye","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Stanley, Katherine","contributorId":106792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Withers, Mitchell","contributorId":29730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Withers","given":"Mitchell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Zirbes, Madeleine","contributorId":42221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zirbes","given":"Madeleine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":21910,"text":"ofr98132 - 1998 - The last interglaciation at Owens Lake, California; Core OL-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T11:47:26","indexId":"ofr98132","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-132","title":"The last interglaciation at Owens Lake, California; Core OL-92","docAbstract":"

Owens Lake, located at the eastern base of the central Sierra Nevada (Fig. 1), was the terminus of the Owens River prior to the lake's complete desiccation shortly after 1913 due to river diversion by the City of Los Angeles. During earlier wetter cycles, the lake overflowed to fill a series of downstream basins including China Lake Basin, Searles Valley, Panamint Valley, and ultimately, Death Valley (Smith and Street-Perrott, 1983). In 1992 the U.S. Geological Survey drilled a 323-m-deep core (OL-92) into Owens Lake sediments near the depocenter of the basin to obtain a continuous record of silty-clay sediment spanning the last 800,000 yrs. A multi-parameter reconnaissance study of the entire core (ca 7000-yr resolution), was reported in a 13-chapter summary volume (Smith and Bischoff, 1997). A document containing the numerical and other detailed forms of raw data collected by that volume's authors was prepared earlier (Smith and Bischoff, 1993). The reconnaissance study provided an approximate time-depth model for the entire core, based on radiocarbon dates from the top 31m, the Bishop Ash (759,000 yrs) at 304 m, ten within-Brunhes paleomagnetic excursions, and a compaction-corrected mass-accumulation rate of 51.4 g/cm/l000yr (Bischoff et al., 1997a). Application of this model to observed sediment parameters indicates that Owens Lake was saline, alkaline, and biologically productive at times of decreased water-flow, and was generally hydrologically flushed and relatively unproductive during times of increased water-flow. Grain size, abundance of CaCO3, organic carbon, clay mineralogy, cation-exchange capacity of the clay fraction, fossil pollen, fish, ostracodes, and diatoms (see summary by Smith et al., 1997) all show cyclic variation down the core. CaCO3 abundance, in particular, strongly reflects an approximately 100 ka dominant cycle, characteristic of global ice-volume indicated by the MIS δ18O record. Four of the last five marine isotope terminations are clearly shown in the OL-92 record.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98132","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"1998, The last interglaciation at Owens Lake, California; Core OL-92: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-132, 186 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98132.","productDescription":"186 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":51394,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0132/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0132/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Lake","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64b08d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":726167,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24421,"text":"ofr98216 - 1998 - Characteristics of discrete and basin-centered parts of the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation, Appalachian basin: Preliminary results from a data set of 25 oil and gas fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-16T23:20:44.748771","indexId":"ofr98216","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-216","title":"Characteristics of discrete and basin-centered parts of the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation, Appalachian basin: Preliminary results from a data set of 25 oil and gas fields","docAbstract":"

Oil and gas trapped in Lower Silurian \"Clinton\" sands and Medina Group sandstone constitute a regional hydrocarbon accumulation that extends 425 mi in length from Ontario, Canada to northeastern Kentucky. The 125-mi width of the accumulation extends from central Ohio eastward to western Pennsylvania and west-central New York. Lenticular and intertonguing reservoirs, a gradual eastward decrease in reservoir porosity and permeability, and poorly segregated gas, oil, and water in the reservoirs make it very difficult to recognize clear-cut geologic- and production-based subdivisions in the accumulation that are relevant to resource assessment. However, subtle variations are recognizable that permit the regional accumulation to be subdivided into three tentative parts: a western gas-bearing part having more or less discrete fields; an eastern gas-bearing part having many characteristics of a basin-centered accumulation; and a central oil- and gas-bearing part with \"hybrid\" fields that share characteristics of both discrete and basin-centered accumulation. A data set of 25 oil and gas fields is used in the report to compare selected attributes of the three parts of the regional accumulation. A fourth part of the regional accumulation, not discussed here, is an eastern extension of basin-centered accumulation having local commercial gas in the Tuscarora Sandstone, a proximal facies of the Lower Silurian depositional system.

A basin-centered gas accumulation is a regionally extensive and commonly very thick zone of gas saturation that occurs in low-permeability rocks in the central, deeper part of a sedimentary basin. Another commonly used term for this type of accumulation is deep-basin gas accumulation. Basin-centered accumulation is a variety of continuous-type accumulation. The \"Clinton\" sands and Medina Group sandstone part of the basin-centered gas accumulation is characterized by: a) reservoir porosity ranging from about 5 to 10 percent; b) reservoir permeability equal to or less than 0.1 mD; c) low reservoir water saturation and an average water yield per well less than about 9 to 13 BW/MMCFG; d) a broadly defined updip water-block trap; e) underpressured reservoirs with a gradient ranging from 0.25 to 0.35 psi/ft; and f) reservoir temperature of at least 125° F (52° C).

Other than for historical and location purposes, the term field has little or no meaning as an assessment unit for the regional accumulation. In practice, each designated field represents a production sweet spot having relatively high EURs per well that in turn merges with surrounding gas-productive regions that are generally larger in area but have lower EURs per well. This important feature of the Lower Silurian regional accumulation, whereby most wells drilled into it are gas productive, must be considered when assessing its potential for remaining recoverable gas resources. Most of the remaining gas resources reside in \"Clinton\" sands and Medina Group sandstone in the basin-centered part of the accumulation where as much as several tens of TCF of natural gas may be technically recoverable. The Tuscarora Sandstone in the eastern extension of the basin-centered part of the accumulation underlies a very large area and, although commonly characterized by very low porosity and permeability and low-Btu gas, probably contains additional gas resources. Remaining undiscovered recoverable gas and oil resources in the discrete and hybrid parts of the accumulation are primarily located beneath Lake Erie.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98216","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ryder, R., 1998, Characteristics of discrete and basin-centered parts of the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation, Appalachian basin: Preliminary results from a data set of 25 oil and gas fields: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-216, iv, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98216.","productDescription":"iv, 71 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393036,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19430.htm"},{"id":53500,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0216/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":9134,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-216/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0216/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Maryland, New York, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 38.28993659801203\n ],\n [\n -78.1787109375,\n 38.28993659801203\n ],\n [\n -78.1787109375,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 38.28993659801203\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e50fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, Robert T.","contributorId":77918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020472,"text":"70020472 - 1998 - Remagnetization of Cretaceous forearc strata on Santa Margarita and Magdalena Islands, Baja California Sur: Implications for northward transport along the California margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-05T22:06:13.902558","indexId":"70020472","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remagnetization of Cretaceous forearc strata on Santa Margarita and Magdalena Islands, Baja California Sur: Implications for northward transport along the California margin","docAbstract":"

Paleomagnetic data for two sections of Cretaceous forearc strata with different structural attitudes on Santa Margarita and Magdalena Islands in Baja California Sur, Mexico, indicate that these rocks have been remagnetized, probably during the late Cenozoic. The in situ paleomagnetic directions, however, are similar to data from other Cretaceous rocks on peninsular California with unexpectedly shallow inclinations and easterly declinations. These data have been interpreted as indicating either northward tectonic transport (10°–15° of latitude) and clockwise rotation (>20°) or compaction shallowing of magnetic inclinations in sedimentary rocks combined with southwestward tilting of plutonic rocks. The available paleomagnetic data for Cretaceous forearc strata in southern and Baja California can be divided into three groups: (1) sections with normal-polarity magnetizations that fail fold tests and are remagnetized, (2) sections with normal-polarity magnetizations with no or inconclusive fold tests that may or may not be remagnetized, and (3) sections with both normal-and reversed-polarity intervals where pervasive remagnetization has not occurred. Other rocks of the Mesozoic Great Valley Group, Coast Range ophiolite, and Franciscan Complex in California also have secondary magnetizations with directions similar to younger geomagnetic field directions. Although these widespread remagnetizations could have variable local causes, we propose regional burial and uplift, related to changes in subduction parameters, as a possible explanation. Two episodes of remagnetization are apparent: one in the Late Cretaceous and a second in the late Cenozoic. On the other hand, the unremagnetized and apparently reliable data from sedimentary and plutonic rocks on the Baja Peninsula consistently indicate northward translation (14° ± 3°) and clockwise rotation (29° ± 8°) with respect to North America since the Late Cretaceous.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998TC900009","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Hagstrum, J.T., and Sedlock, R., 1998, Remagnetization of Cretaceous forearc strata on Santa Margarita and Magdalena Islands, Baja California Sur: Implications for northward transport along the California margin: Tectonics, v. 17, no. 6, p. 872-882, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998TC900009.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"872","endPage":"882","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495368,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1998tc900009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231183,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Baja California Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.70185940622781,\n 33.151290779398266\n ],\n [\n -115.59664160892235,\n 27.780197101230065\n ],\n [\n -112.17325709258446,\n 23.15499868582843\n ],\n [\n -108.68162498599224,\n 22.209168374197077\n ],\n [\n -113.35496268896472,\n 32.47978663924344\n ],\n [\n -117.70185940622781,\n 33.151290779398266\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6bfe4b0c8380cd8501e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagstrum, Jonathan T. 0000-0002-0689-280X jhag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-280X","contributorId":3474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sedlock, R.L.","contributorId":76902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedlock","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}