The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado River Water Conservation District, collected and analyzed baseline streamflow and water-quality information for Elkhead Creek and water-quality and trophic-state information for Elkhead Reservoir from July 1995 through September 2001.
In the study area, Elkhead Creek is a meandering, alluvial stream dominated by snowmelt in mountainous headwaters that produces most of the annual discharge volume and discharge peaks during late spring and early summer. During most of water year 1996 (a typical year), daily mean discharge at station 09246400 (downstream from the reservoir) was similar to daily mean discharge at station 09246200 (upstream from the reservoir). Flow-duration curves for stations 09246200 and 09246400 were nearly identical, except for discharges less than about 10 cubic feet per second.
Specific conductance generally had an inverse relation to discharge in Elkhead Creek. During late fall and winter when discharge was small and derived mostly from ground water, specific conductance was high, whereas during spring and early summer, when discharge was large and derived mostly from snowmelt, specific conductance was low. Water temperatures in Elkhead Creek were smallest during winter, about 0.0 degrees Celsius (oC), and largest during summer, about 20–25oC.
Concentrations of major ions, nutrients, trace elements, organic carbon, and suspended sediment in Elkhead Creek indicated no substantial within-year variability and no substantial differences in variability from one year to the next. A seasonal pattern in the concentration data was evident for most constituents. The seasonal concentration pattern for most of the dissolved constituents followed the seasonal pattern of specific conductance, whereas some nutrients, some trace elements, and suspended sediment followed the seasonal pattern of discharge.
Statistical differences between station 09246200 (upstream from the reservoir) and station 09246400 (downstream from the reservoir) were indicated for specific conductance, dissolved calcium, magnesium, sodium, and sulfate, acid-neutralizing capacity, and dissolved solids. Trend analysis indicated upward temporal trends for pH, dissolved ammonia plus organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus at station 09246200; upward temporal trends for dissolved and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were indicated at station 09246400. No downward trends were indicated for any constituents.
Annual loads for dissolved constituents during water years 1996–2001 were consistently larger at station 09246400 than at station 09246200, except for silica and sulfate. Mean monthly loads for dissolved constituents followed the seasonal pattern of discharge, indicating that most of the annual loads were transported during March–June. Annual dissolved nutrient loads at stations 09246400 and 09246200 were not substantially different, except for total phosphorus and total nitrogen loads, which were smaller at the downstream station than at the upstream station, most likely due to biological uptake and settling in the reservoir. Mean annual suspended-sediment load during water years 1996–2001 was about 87-percent smaller at the downstream station than at the upstream station.
Temperature in Elkhead Reservoir varied seasonally, from about 0oC during winter when ice develops on the reservoir to about 20oC during summer. Specific conductance varied from minimums of 138 to 169 microsiemens per centimeter at 25oC (µS/cm) during snowmelt inflow to maximums of 424 to 610 µS/cm during early spring low flow (April). Median pH in the reservoir ranged from 7.2 to 8.0 at all sites near the surface. Median dissolved oxygen ranged from 7.1 to 7.2 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in near-surface samples and from 4.8 to 5.6 mg/L in near-bottom samples.
During reservoir stratification, specific conductance generally was largest in the epilimnion, resulting from warm and relatively concentrated water from Elkhead Creek that was routed through the reservoir in the relatively warm epilimnion. The pH in the epilimnion generally increased from May to September, probably a result of algal productivity. In the hypolimnion, pH decreased slightly with depth in the July and September, probably a result of biomass decay processes and a lack of circulation during stratification.
Concentrations of nutrients in both near-surface and near-bottom samples from Elkhead Reservoir were highest during snowmelt inflow (April–May). Total phosphorus concentrations in near-surface samples generally were largest during runoff, whereas total phosphorus concentrations in near-bottom samples generally were largest during July or September. Concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate in near-surface samples were substantially depleted by biological uptake during July, September, and October, compared to near-bottom samples. Variations in concentration of chlorophyll-a in near-surface samples were large during the growing season with peak seasonal concentrations during runoff or late summer and fall. Trophic state for Elkhead reservoir ranged from oligotrophic to eutrophic.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034220","usgsCitation":"Kuhn, G., Stevens, M.R., and Elliott, J.G., 2003, Hydrology and water quality of Elkhead Creek and Elkhead Reservoir near Craig, Colorado, July 1995–September 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4220, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034220.","productDescription":"63 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5243,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034220","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394607,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_61979.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Craig","otherGeospatial":"Elkhead Creek and Elkhead Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.5667,\n 40.4778\n ],\n [\n -107.2583,\n 40.4778\n ],\n [\n -107.2583,\n 40.6833\n ],\n [\n -107.5667,\n 40.6833\n ],\n [\n -107.5667,\n 40.4778\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a88db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuhn, Gerhard","contributorId":102080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuhn","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevens, Michael R. 0000-0002-9476-6335 mrsteven@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-6335","contributorId":769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Michael","email":"mrsteven@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":245884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, John G. jelliott@usgs.gov","contributorId":832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"John","email":"jelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":245885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53248,"text":"ofr03475 - 2003 - Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the Grand Prix and Old Fires of 2003, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:43","indexId":"ofr03475","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-475","title":"Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the Grand Prix and Old Fires of 2003, Southern California","docAbstract":"These maps present preliminary assessments of the probability of debris-flow activity and estimates of peak discharges that can potentially be generated by debris flows issuing from basins burned by the Old and Grand Prix Fires of October 2003 in southern California in response to the 25-year, 10-year, and 2-year recurrence, 1-hour duration rain storms. The probability maps are based on the application of a logistic multiple regression model that describes the percent chance of debris-flow production from an individual basin as function of burned extent, soil properties, basin gradients and storm rainfall. The peak discharge maps are based on application of a multiple-regression model that can be used to estimate debris-flow peak discharge at a basin outlet as a function of basin gradient, burn extent, and storm rainfall. Probabilities of debris-flow occurrence range between 0 and 85% and estimates of debris flow peak discharges range between 460 and 5,900 ft3/s (13 to 167 m3/s). These maps are intended to identify those basins that are most prone to the largest debris-flow events and provide critical information for the preliminary design of mitigation measures and for the planning of evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03475","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Rupert, M.G., Michael, J.A., Djokic, D., and Sreedhar, S., 2003, Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the Grand Prix and Old Fires of 2003, Southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-475, 1 over-size sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03475.","productDescription":"1 over-size sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4927,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-475/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db60590e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":247049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Djokic, Dean","contributorId":12912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Djokic","given":"Dean","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sreedhar, Sreeresh","contributorId":8163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sreedhar","given":"Sreeresh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":53557,"text":"wri034193 - 2003 - Simulation of streamflow and water quality in the Christina River subbasin and overview of simulations in other subbasins of the Christina River Basin, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware, 1994-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T15:28:58","indexId":"wri034193","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4193","title":"Simulation of streamflow and water quality in the Christina River subbasin and overview of simulations in other subbasins of the Christina River Basin, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware, 1994-98","docAbstract":"The Christina River Basin drains 565 square miles (mi2) in Pennsylvania and Delaware and includes the major subbasins of Brandywine Creek, Red Clay Creek, White Clay Creek, and Christina River. The Christina River subbasin (exclusive of the Brandywine, Red Clay, and White Clay Creek subbasins) drains an area of 76 mi2. Streams in the Christina River Basin are used for recreation, drinking water supply, and support of aquatic life. Water quality in some parts of the Christina River Basin is impaired and does not support designated uses of the stream. A multi-agency water-quality management strategy included a modeling component to evaluate the effects of point- and nonpoint-source contributions of nutrients and suspended sediment on stream water quality. To assist in nonpoint-source evaluation, four independent models, one for each of the four main subbasins of the Christina River Basin, were developed and calibrated using the model code Hydrological Simulation Program–Fortran (HSPF). Water-quality data for model calibration were collected in each of the four main subbasins and in small subbasins predominantly covered by one land use following a nonpoint- source monitoring plan. Under this plan, stormflow and base-flow samples were collected during 1998 at two sites in the Christina River subbasin and nine sites elsewhere in the Christina River Basin.
The HSPF model for the Christina River subbasin simulates streamflow, suspended sediment, and the nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus. In addition, the model simulates water temperature, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, and plankton as secondary objectives needed to support the sediment and nutrient simulations. For the model, the basin was subdivided into nine reaches draining areas that ranged from 3.8 to 21.9 mi2. Ten different pervious land uses and two impervious land uses were selected for simulation. Land-use areas were determined from 1995 land-use data. The predominant land uses in the Christina River subbasin are residential, urban, forested, agricultural, and open.
The hydrologic component of the model was run at an hourly time step and calibrated using streamflow data from two U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-measurement stations for the period of October 1, 1994, through October 29, 1998. Daily precipitation data from one National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) meteorologic station and hourly data from one NOAA meteorologic station were used for model input. The difference between observed and simulated streamflow volume ranged from -2.3 to 5.3 percent for a 10-month portion of the calibration period at the two calibration sites. Annual differences between observed and simulated streamflow generally were greater than the overall error for the 4-year period. For example, at Christina River at Coochs Bridge, near the bottom of the free-flowing part of the subbasin (drainage area of 21 mi2), annual differences between observed and simulated streamflow ranged from -6.9 to 6.5 percent and the overall error for the 4-year period was -1.1 percent. Calibration errors for 36 storm periods at the three calibration sites for total volume, low-flow recession rate, 50-percent lowest flows, 10-percent highest flows, and storm peaks were within the recommended criteria of 20 percent or less. Much of the error in simulating storm events on an hourly time step can be attributed to uncertainty in the rainfall data.
The water-quality component of the model was calibrated using nonpoint-source monitoring data collected at two USGS streamflow-measurement stations and other water-quality monitoring data. The period of record for water-quality monitoring was variable at the stations, with a start date ranging from October 1994 to January 1998 and an end date of October 1998. Because of availability, monitoring data for suspended-solids concentrations were used as surrogates for suspended-sediment concentrations, although suspended-solids data may underestimate suspended sediment and affect apparent accuracy of the suspended-sediment simulaion. Comparison of observed to simulated loads for up to six storms in 1998 at the two nonpoint-source monitoring sites (Little Mill Creek near Newport and Christina River at Coochs Bridge, Del.) indicate that simulation error is commonly as large as an order of magnitude for suspended sediment and nutrients. The simulation error tends to be smaller for dissolved nutrients than for particulate nutrients. Errors of 40 percent or less for monthly or annual values indicate a fair to good water-quality calibration according to recommended criteria; much larger errors are possible for individual events. Assessment of the water-quality calibration under stormflow conditions is limited by the relatively small amount of available water-quality data in the subbasin.
Users of the Christina River subbasin HSPF model and HSPF models for other subbasins in the Christina River Basin should be aware of model limitations and consider the following if the model is used for predictive purposes: streamflow-duration curves suggest the model simulates streamflow reasonably well when measured over a broad range of conditions and time although streamflow and the corresponding water quality for individual storm events may not be well simulated; streamflow-duration curves for the simulation period compare well with duration curves for the 8-year period ending in 2001 at Christina River at Coochs Bridge, Del., and include all but the extreme high-flow and low-flow events; and calibration for water quality was based on limited data, with the result of increasing uncertainty in the water-quality simulation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034193","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Delaware River Basin Commission, Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Senior, L.A., and Koerkle, E.H., 2003, Simulation of streamflow and water quality in the Christina River subbasin and overview of simulations in other subbasins of the Christina River Basin, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware, 1994-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4193, xii, 144 p , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034193.","productDescription":"xii, 144 p ","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4775,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4193/wri20034193.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2003-4193"},{"id":178226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4193/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03482","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., and Jaffe, B.E., 2003, Coastal circulation and sediment dynamics along West Maui, Hawaii: Part I: Long-term measurements of currents, temperature, salinity and turbidity off Kahana, West Maui: 2001-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-482, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03482.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406107,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_62283.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4898,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-482/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kahana, West Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.6961,\n 20.9556\n ],\n [\n -156.6522,\n 20.9556\n ],\n [\n -156.6522,\n 21.0083\n ],\n [\n -156.6961,\n 21.0083\n ],\n [\n -156.6961,\n 20.9556\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeb38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":52656,"text":"wri034088 - 2003 - Evaluation of Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos Concentrations and Loads, and other Pesticide Concentrations, at Selected Sites in the San Joaquin Valley, California, April to August, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"wri034088","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4088","title":"Evaluation of Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos Concentrations and Loads, and other Pesticide Concentrations, at Selected Sites in the San Joaquin Valley, California, April to August, 2001","docAbstract":"Twelve sites in the San Joaquin Valley of California were monitored weekly during the growing and irrigation season of 2001 for a total of 51 pesticides and pesticide degradation products, with primary interest on the concentration, load, and basin yield of organophosphorus insecticides, especially diazinon and chlorpyrifos. Diazinon was detected frequently, up to 100 percent of the time, at many of the sampling sites, but with generally low concentrations. For all sites, 75 percent of all measured diazinon concentrations were less than 0.02 mg/L, and 90 percent of all measured diazinon concentrations were less than 0.06 mg/L. The highest diazinon concentrations were measured in samples from two west-side tributaries to the San Joaquin River, Orestimba Creek, and Del Puerto Creek. The median concentration of chlorpyrifos was at or less than the laboratory reporting limit (0.005 mg/L) for most sites with the exceptions of two tributaries to the San Joaquin River: Orestimba Creek and the Tuolumne River. For all sites, 75 percent of all measured chlorpyrifos concentrations were less than 0.03 mg/L and 90 percent of all measured chlorpyrifos concentrations were less than 0.07 mg/L. The total load of diazinon out of the basin was just over 7 kilograms, which accounted for about 0.17 percent of the total agricultural applications. The diazinon load from the monitored upstream tributaries accounted for about 50 percent of the load at the mouth of the San Joaquin River. The streamflow from the selected monitored tributaries accounted for about 83 percent of the streamflow at the mouth of the San Joaquin River. The total load of chlorpyrifos out of the basin was 3.75 kilograms, and this accounted for approximately 0.007 percent of the total amount applied. Other pesticides that were frequently detected during this study included herbicides such as metolachlor, simazine, and trifluralin, and insecticides such as carbaryl, carbofuran, and propargite. At Orestimba Creek, DDE, a degradation product of DDT, was detected at a frequency of 95 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034088","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., and Munday, C., 2003, Evaluation of Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos Concentrations and Loads, and other Pesticide Concentrations, at Selected Sites in the San Joaquin Valley, California, April to August, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4088, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034088.","productDescription":"60 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5109,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db629635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":245710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munday, Cathy","contributorId":57538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munday","given":"Cathy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53161,"text":"fs09103 - 2003 - The influence of ground water on nitrogen delivery to the Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:24","indexId":"fs09103","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"091-03","title":"The influence of ground water on nitrogen delivery to the Chesapeake Bay","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs09103","usgsCitation":"Phillips, S., and Lindsey, B., 2003, The influence of ground water on nitrogen delivery to the Chesapeake Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 091-03, 1 folded sheet (5, [1] p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs09103.","productDescription":"1 folded sheet (5, [1] p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4742,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://md.water.usgs.gov/publications/fs-091-03/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/0091/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87123,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/0091/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d576","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Scott swphilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":3515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Scott","email":"swphilli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce D.","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53253,"text":"ofr03420 - 2003 - A catalog of porosity and permeability from core plugs in siliciclastic rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr03420","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-420","title":"A catalog of porosity and permeability from core plugs in siliciclastic rocks","docAbstract":"Porosity and permeability measurements on cored samples from siliciclastic formations are presented for 70 data sets, taken from published data and descriptions. Data sets generally represent specific formations, usually from a limited number of wells. Each data set is represented by a written summary, a plot of permeability versus porosity, and a digital file of the data. The summaries include a publication reference, the geologic age of the formation, location, well names, depth range, various geologic descriptions, and core measurement conditions. Attributes such as grain size or depositional environment are identified by symbols on the plots. An index lists the authors and date, geologic age, formation name, sandstone classification, location, basin or structural province, and field name.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03420","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., and Kibler, J.E., 2003, A catalog of porosity and permeability from core plugs in siliciclastic rocks (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-420, 1 fig. ; 3 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03420.","productDescription":"1 fig. ; 3 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4930,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-420/ofr-03-420.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd497ee4b0b290850ef3bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kibler, Joyce E.","contributorId":56293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kibler","given":"Joyce","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":52653,"text":"wri034204 - 2003 - Watershed analysis of the Salmon River watershed, Washington : hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:25","indexId":"wri034204","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4204","title":"Watershed analysis of the Salmon River watershed, Washington : hydrology","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey analyzed selected hydrologic conditions as part of a watershed analysis of the Salmon River watershed, Washington, conducted by the Quinault Indian Nation. The selected hydrologic conditions were analyzed according to a framework of hydrologic key questions that were identified for the watershed. The key questions were posed to better understand the natural, physical, and biological features of the watershed that control hydrologic responses; to better understand current streamflow characteristics, including peak and low flows; to describe any evidence that forest harvesting and road construction have altered frequency and magnitude of peak and low flows within the watershed; to describe what is currently known about the distribution and extent of wetlands and any impacts of land management activities on wetlands; and to describe how hydrologic monitoring within the watershed might help to detect future hydrologic change, to preserve critical ecosystem functions, and to protect public and private property.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034204","usgsCitation":"Bidlake, W.R., 2003, Watershed analysis of the Salmon River watershed, Washington : hydrology: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4204, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034204.","productDescription":"34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5107,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034204/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f727d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bidlake, William R. wbidlake@usgs.gov","contributorId":1712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bidlake","given":"William","email":"wbidlake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":245706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53576,"text":"wri024303 - 2003 - Comparison of storm response of streams in small, unmined and valley-filled watersheds, 1999-2001, Ballard fork, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:40","indexId":"wri024303","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4303","title":"Comparison of storm response of streams in small, unmined and valley-filled watersheds, 1999-2001, Ballard fork, West Virginia","docAbstract":"During storms when rainfall intensity exceeded about 1 inch per hour, peak unit runoff from the Unnamed Tributary (surface-mined and filled) Watershed exceeded peak unit runoff from the Spring Branch (unmined) Watershed in the Ballard Fork Watershed in southern West Virginia. During most storms, those with intensity less than about 1 inch per hour, peak unit (area-normalized) flows were greater from the Spring Branch Watershed than the Unnamed Tributary Watershed. One storm that produced less than an inch of rain before flow from the previous storm had receded caused peak unit flow from the Unnamed Tributary Watershed to exceed peak unit flow from the Spring Branch Watershed. Peak unit flow was usually similar in Spring Branch and Ballard Fork. Peak unit flows are expected to decrease with increasing watershed size in homogeneous watersheds; drainage area and proportion of the three watersheds covered by valley fills are 0.19 square mile (mi?) and 44 percent for the Unnamed Tributary Watershed, 0.53 mi? and 0 percent for the Spring Branch Watershed, and 2.12 mi? and 12 percent for the Ballard Fork Watershed.\r\n\r\nFollowing all storms with sufficient rainfall intensity, about 0.25 inches per hour, the storm hydrograph from the Unnamed Tributary Watershed showed a double peak, as a sharp initial rise was followed by a decrease in flow and then a delayed secondary peak of water that had apparently flowed through the valley fill. Hortonian (excess overland) flow may be important in the Unnamed Tributary Watershed during intense storms, and may cause the initial peak on the rising arm of storm hydrographs; the water composing the initial peaks may be conveyed by drainage structures on the mine. Ballard Fork and Spring Branch had hydrographs with single peaks, typical of elsewhere in West Virginia.\r\n\r\nDuring all storms with 1-hour rainfall greater than 0.75 inches or 24-hour rainfall greater than 1.75 inches during which all stream gages recorded a complete record, the Unnamed Tributary yielded the most total unit flow. In three selected major storms, total unit flow from the Unnamed Tributary during recessions exceeded storm flow, and its total unit flow was greatest among the streams during all three recessions.\r\n\r\nRunoff patterns from the mined watershed are influenced by the compaction of soils on the mine, the apparent low maximum rate of infiltration into the valley fill compared to that in the unmined, forested watershed, storage of water in the valley fill, and the absence of interception from trees and leaf litter. No storms during this study produced 1-hour or 24-hour rainfall in excess of the 5-year return period, and streamflow during this study never exceeded a magnitude equivalent to the 1.5-year return period; relative peak unit flow among the three streams in this study could be different in larger storms. Rainfall-runoff relations on altered landscapes are site-specific, and aspects of mining and reclamation practice that affect storm response may vary among mines.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024303","usgsCitation":"Messinger, T., 2003, Comparison of storm response of streams in small, unmined and valley-filled watersheds, 1999-2001, Ballard fork, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4303, vi, 22 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024303.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4800,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri024303/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4303/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87457,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4303/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db5456ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Messinger, Terence 0000-0003-4084-9298 tmessing@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4084-9298","contributorId":2717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messinger","given":"Terence","email":"tmessing@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53014,"text":"fs09303 - 2003 - Tracking polychlorinated biphenyls in the Millers River basin, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"fs09303","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"093-03","title":"Tracking polychlorinated biphenyls in the Millers River basin, Massachusetts","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs09303","usgsCitation":"Taggart, B.E., Colman, J.A., and Cooke, M.G., 2003, Tracking polychlorinated biphenyls in the Millers River basin, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 093-03, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs09303.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_093_03.bmp"},{"id":5122,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs09303/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69983e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taggart, Bruce E. btaggart@usgs.gov","contributorId":144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"Bruce","email":"btaggart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":246379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colman, John A. 0000-0001-9327-0779 jacolman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9327-0779","contributorId":2098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"John","email":"jacolman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooke, Matthew G.","contributorId":57134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooke","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":52664,"text":"wri024201 - 2003 - Quality-control results for ground-water and surface-water data, Sacramento River Basin, California, National Water-Quality Assessment, 1996-1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"wri024201","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4201","title":"Quality-control results for ground-water and surface-water data, Sacramento River Basin, California, National Water-Quality Assessment, 1996-1998","docAbstract":"Evaluating the extent that bias and variability affect the interpretation of ground- and surface-water data is necessary to meet the objectives of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Quality-control samples used to evaluate the bias and variability include annual equipment blanks, field blanks, field matrix spikes, surrogates, and replicates. This report contains quality-control results for the constituents critical to the ground- and surface-water components of the Sacramento River Basin study unit of the NAWQA Program. A critical constituent is one that was detected frequently (more than 50 percent of the time in blank samples), was detected at amounts exceeding water-quality standards or goals, or was important for the interpretation of water-quality data. Quality-control samples were collected along with ground- and surface-water samples during the high intensity phase (cycle 1) of the Sacramento River Basin NAWQA beginning early in 1996 and ending in 1998. \r\n Ground-water field blanks indicated contamination of varying levels of significance when compared with concentrations detected in environmental ground-water samples for ammonia, dissolved organic carbon, aluminum, and copper. Concentrations of aluminum in surface-water field blanks were significant when compared with environmental samples. Field blank samples collected for pesticide and volatile organic compound analyses revealed no contamination in either ground- or surface-water samples that would effect the interpretation of environmental data, with the possible exception of the volatile organic compound trichloromethane (chloroform) in ground water. \r\n Replicate samples for ground water and surface water indicate that variability resulting from sample collection, processing, and analysis was generally low. Some of the larger maximum relative percentage differences calculated for replicate samples occurred between samples having lowest absolute concentration differences and(or) values near the reporting limit. \r\n Surrogate recoveries for pesticides analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), pesticides analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and volatile organic compounds in ground- and surface-water samples were within the acceptable limits of 70 to 130 percent and median recovery values between 82 and 113 percent. The recovery percentages for surrogate compounds analyzed by HPLC had the highest standard deviation, 20 percent for ground-water samples and 16 percent for surface-water samples, and the lowest median values, 82 percent for ground-water samples and 91 percent for surface-water samples. Results were consistent with the recovery results described for the analytical methods. \r\n Field matrix spike recoveries for pesticide compounds analyzed using GC/MS in ground- and surface-water samples were comparable with published recovery data. Recoveries of carbofuran, a critical constituent in ground- and surface-water studies, and desethyl atrazine, a critical constituent in the ground-water study, could not be calculated because of problems with the analytical method. Recoveries of pesticides analyzed using HPLC in ground- and surface-water samples were generally low and comparable with published recovery data. Other methodological problems for HPLC analytes included nondetection of the spike compounds and estimated values of spike concentrations. \r\n Recovery of field matrix spikes for volatile organic compounds generally were within the acceptable range, 70 and 130 percent for both ground- and surface-water samples, and median recoveries from 62 to 127 percent. High or low recoveries could be related to errors in the field, such as double spiking or using spike solution past its expiration date, rather than problems during analysis. The methodological changes in the field spike protocol during the course of the Sacramento River Basin study, which included decreasing the amount of spike solu","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024201","usgsCitation":"Munday, C., and Domagalski, J.L., 2003, Quality-control results for ground-water and surface-water data, Sacramento River Basin, California, National Water-Quality Assessment, 1996-1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4201, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024201.","productDescription":"54 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5162,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024201/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68638f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munday, Cathy","contributorId":57538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munday","given":"Cathy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":245743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53650,"text":"ofr03113 - 2003 - Preliminary geologic map of Kanaga Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-13T10:59:24","indexId":"ofr03113","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-113","title":"Preliminary geologic map of Kanaga Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"Kanaga Volcano is a 1,300 m (4,287-foot) high, historically active cone-shaped stratovolcano located on the north end of Kanaga Island in the Andreanof Islands Group of the Aleutian Islands. The volcano is undissected, symmetrical in profile, and is characterized by blocky andesitic lava flows, with well-developed levees and steep flow fronts, that emanate radially from, or near, the 200-m-wide summit crater. The lack of dissection of the cone suggests the entire edifice was constructed in post-glacial Holocene time. Historical eruptions were reported in 1791, 1827, 1829, 1904-1906, and 1993-95 (Miller and others, 1998); questionable eruptions occurred in 1763, 1768, 1786, 1790, and 1933. The upper flanks of the cone are very steep (>30°) and flows moving down these steep flows commonly fragment into breccias and lahars. A non-vegetated lahar, or group of lahars, extends from high on the southeast flank of the cone down to the northeast shore of the intracaldera lake. This lahar deposit was observed in 1999 but does not appear to be present on aerial photos taken in 1974 and is assumed to be part of the 1994-95 eruption.
\nMost recent eruptions of Kanag a, including the 1994-95 eruption, were primarily effusive in character with a subordinate explosive component. Lava was extruded from, or near, the summit vent and moved down the flank of the cone in some cases reaching the ocean. In 1994, lava flows going down the very steep north and west flanks broke up into incandescent avalanches tumbling over steep truncated sea cliffs into the Bering Sea. A common feature of Kanaga central vent eruptions is the occurrence of widespread ballistics and accompanying craters. Steam and fine ash plumes rose to 7.5 km ASL and drifted a few tens of kilometers downwind. Plumes such as these are unlikely to deposit significant (i.e., sufficiently thick to leave a permanent record) tephras on other islands downwind.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03113","usgsCitation":"Miller, T.P., Waythomas, C.F., and Nye, C., 2003, Preliminary geologic map of Kanaga Volcano, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-113, 2 Sheets: 38.0 x 25.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03113.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 38.0 x 25.0 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110468,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_62430.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"62430"},{"id":178299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4948,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0113/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283928,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0113/pdf/of03-113sheet1.pdf"},{"id":283929,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0113/pdf/of03-113sheet2.pdf"}],"scale":"20000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Islands;Kanaga Island;Kanaga Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -177.7546,51.4932 ], [ -177.7546,52.1616 ], [ -175.9436,52.1616 ], [ -175.9436,51.4932 ], [ -177.7546,51.4932 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c03a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":49345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waythomas, C. F.","contributorId":10065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nye, C.J.","contributorId":42734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nye","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":52652,"text":"wri034058 - 2003 - Estimates of residence time and related variations in quality of ground water beneath Submarine Base Bangor and vicinity, Kitsap County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:25","indexId":"wri034058","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4058","title":"Estimates of residence time and related variations in quality of ground water beneath Submarine Base Bangor and vicinity, Kitsap County, Washington","docAbstract":"Estimates of residence time of ground water beneath Submarine Base Bangor and vicinity ranged from less than 50 to 4,550 years before present, based on analysis of the environmental tracers tritium, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and carbon-14 (14C), in 33 ground-water samples collected from wells tapping the ground-water system. The concentrations of multiple environmental tracers tritium, CFCs, and 14C were used to classify ground water as modern (recharged after 1953), pre-modern (recharged prior to 1953), or indeterminate. Estimates of the residence time of pre-modern ground water were based on evaluation of 14C of dissolved inorganic carbon present in ground water using geochemical mass-transfer modeling to account for the interactions of the carbon in ground water with carbon of the aquifer sediments.\r\n\r\nGround-water samples were obtained from two extensive aquifers and from permeable interbeds within the thick confining unit separating the sampled aquifers. Estimates of ground-water residence time for all ground-water samples from the shallow aquifer were less than 45 years and were classified as modern. Estimates of the residence time of ground water in the permeable interbeds within the confining unit ranged from modern to 4,200 years and varied spatially. Near the recharge area, residence times in the permeable interbeds typically were less than 800 years, whereas near the discharge area residence times were in excess of several thousand years. In the deeper aquifers, estimates of ground-water residence times typically were several thousand years but ranged from modern to 4,550 years. These estimates of ground-water residence time based on 14C were often larger than estimates of ground-water residence time developed by particle-tracking analysis using a ground-water flow model. There were large uncertainties?on the order of 1,000-2,000 years?in the estimates based on 14C. Modern ground-water tracers found in some samples from large-capacity production wells screened in the deeper aquifer may be the result of preferential ground-water pathways or induced downward flow caused by pumping stress.\r\n\r\nSpatial variations in water quality were used to develop a conceptual model of chemical evolution of ground water. Stable isotope ratios of deuterium and oxygen-18 in the 33 ground-water samples were similar, indicating similar climatic conditions and source of precipitation recharge for all of the sampled ground water. Oxidation of organic matter and mineral dissolution increased the concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon and common ions in downgradient ground waters. However, the largest concentrations were not found near areas of ground-water discharge, but at intermediate locations where organic carbon concentrations were greatest. Dissolved methane, derived from microbial methanogenesis, was present in some ground waters. Methanogenesis resulted in substantial alteration of the carbon isotopic composition of ground water.\r\n\r\nThe NETPATH geochemical model code was used to model mass-transfers of carbon affecting the 14C estimate of ground-water residence time. Carbon sources in ground water include dispersed particulate organic matter present in the confining unit separating the two aquifers and methane present in some ground water. Carbonate minerals were not observed in the lithologic material of the ground-water system but may be present, because they have been found in the bedrock of stream drainages that contribute sediment to the study area.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034058","usgsCitation":"Cox, S., 2003, Estimates of residence time and related variations in quality of ground water beneath Submarine Base Bangor and vicinity, Kitsap County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4058, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034058.","productDescription":"62 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5106,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034058/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a839d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, S.E.","contributorId":66663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53228,"text":"ofr03362 - 2003 - Surface-water quality assessment of the North Fork Red River basin upstream from Lake Altus, Oklahoma, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:45","indexId":"ofr03362","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-362","title":"Surface-water quality assessment of the North Fork Red River basin upstream from Lake Altus, Oklahoma, 2002","docAbstract":"Elevated salinity in the North Fork Red River is a major concern of the Bureau of Reclamation W. C. Austin Project at Lake Altus. Understanding the relation between surface-water runoff, ground-water discharge, and surface-water quality is important for maintaining the beneficial use of water in the North Fork Red River basin. Agricultural practices, petroleum production, and natural dissolution of salt-bearing bedrock have the potential to influence the quality of nearby surface water.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, sampled stream discharge and water chemistry at 19 stations on the North Fork Red River and tributaries. To characterize surface-water resources of the basin in a systematic manner, samples were collected synoptically during receding streamflow conditions during July 8-11, 2002.\r\n\r\nTogether, sulfate and chloride usually constitute greater than half of the dissolved solids. Concentrations of sulfate ranged from 87.1 to 3,450 milligrams per liter. The minimum value was measured at McClellan Creek near Back (07301220), and the maximum value was measured at Bronco Creek near Twitty (07301303). Concentrations of chloride ranged from 33.2 to 786 milligrams per liter. The minimum value was measured at a North Fork Red River tributary (unnamed) near Twitty (07301310), and the maximum value was measured at the North Fork Red River near Back (07301190), the most upstream sample station.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03362","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.J., Schneider, M., Masoner, J., and Blazs, R., 2003, Surface-water quality assessment of the North Fork Red River basin upstream from Lake Altus, Oklahoma, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-362, v, 23 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03362.","productDescription":"v, 23 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4882,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr03362/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":174050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a685","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, S. Jerrod 0000-0002-9379-8167 sjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-8167","contributorId":981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"sjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jerrod","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, M.L.","contributorId":81551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masoner, J.R.","contributorId":15690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masoner","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blazs, R.L.","contributorId":27067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazs","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":53269,"text":"ofr03292 - 2003 - Water-quality, streambed-sediment, and biological data from the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins, Montana, Idaho, and Washington, 1998-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T20:28:15.190592","indexId":"ofr03292","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-292","title":"Water-quality, streambed-sediment, and biological data from the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins, Montana, Idaho, and Washington, 1998-2001","docAbstract":"Water-quality, streambed-sediment, and biological data were collected in the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program and are presented in this report. These river basins compose the Northern Rockies Intermontane Basins study unit which was selected to include a river system that has a mixture of forested, agricultural, urban, and developing areas. Waterquality samples were collected from 28 surface-water sites and 86 ground-water sites from June 1998 to September 2001. Data collected included measurements of physical properties and chemical analyses of concentrations of major ions, trace elements, nutrients, organic carbon, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and radiochemical constituents. Streambed-sediment and biological tissue samples were collected from 41 sites and analyzed for trace elements and organochlorine compounds. Benthic algae were collected to determine chlorophyll concentration and areal density.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03292","usgsCitation":"Bowers, C.L., Caldwell, R.R., and Dutton, D., 2003, Water-quality, streambed-sediment, and biological data from the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins, Montana, Idaho, and Washington, 1998-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-292, viii, 203 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03292.","productDescription":"viii, 203 p.","numberOfPages":"213","temporalStart":"1998-06-01","temporalEnd":"2001-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0292/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87137,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0292/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":407996,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_67763.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.5833,\n 45.8167\n ],\n [\n -113.9333,\n 45.8167\n ],\n [\n -113.9333,\n 48.275\n ],\n [\n -117.5833,\n 48.275\n ],\n [\n -117.5833,\n 45.8167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5196","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowers, Craig L.","contributorId":99209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Rodney R. 0000-0002-2588-715X caldwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-715X","contributorId":2577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Rodney","email":"caldwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dutton, DeAnn M. ddutton@usgs.gov","contributorId":20762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutton","given":"DeAnn M.","email":"ddutton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":247130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53139,"text":"wri034230 - 2003 - Conjunctive-use optimization model of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer of northeastern Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-05T22:24:54.59801","indexId":"wri034230","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4230","title":"Conjunctive-use optimization model of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer of northeastern Arkansas","docAbstract":"The Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer is a water-bearing assemblage of gravels and sands that underlies about 32,000 square miles of Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Arkansas. Because of the heavy demands placed on the aquifer, several large cones of depression over 100 feet deep have formed in the potentiometric surface, resulting in lower well yields and degraded water quality in some areas. A ground-water flow model of the alluvial aquifer was previously developed for an area covering 14,104 square miles, extending northeast from the Arkansas River into the northeast corner of Arkansas and parts of southeastern Missouri. The flow model showed that continued ground-water withdrawals at rates commensurate with those of 1997 could not be sustained indefinitely without causing water levels to decline below half the original saturated thickness of the aquifer.
To develop estimates of withdrawal rates that could be sustained in compliance with the constraints of critical ground-water area designation, conjunctive-use optimization modeling was applied to the flow model of the alluvial aquifer in northeastern Arkansas. Ground-water withdrawal rates form the basis for estimates of sustainable yield from the alluvial aquifer and from rivers specified within the alluvial aquifer model. A management problem was formulated as one of maximizing the sustainable yield from all ground-water and surface-water withdrawal cells within limits imposed by plausible withdrawal rates, and within specified constraints involving hydraulic head and streamflow. Steady-state flow conditions were selected because the maximized withdrawals are intended to represent sustainable yield of the system (a rate that can be maintained indefinitely).
Within the optimization model, 11 rivers are specified. Surface-water diversion rates that occurred in 2000 were subtracted from specified overland flow at the appropriate river cells. Included in these diversions were the planned diversions of 63,339,248 ft3/d for the Bayou Meto project area and 55,078,367 ft3/d for the Grand Prairie project area, which factor in an additional 30 and 40 percent transmission loss, respectively. Streamflow constraints were specified at all 1,165 river cells based on average 7-day minimum flows for 10 years. Sustainable yield for all rivers ranged from 0 (Current, Little Red, and Bayou Meto Rivers) to almost 5 billion cubic feet per day for the Arkansas River. Total sustainable yield from all rivers combined was 12.8 billion cubic feet per day, which represents a substantial source for supplementing ground water to meet the total water demand.
Sustainable-yield estimates are affected by the allowable upper limit on withdrawals from wells specified in the optimization model. Ground-water withdrawal rates were allowed to vary as much as 200 percent of the withdrawal rate in 1997. As the overall upper limit on withdrawals is increased, the sustainable yield generally increases. Tests with the optimization model show that without limits on pumping, wells adjacent to sources of water would have optimized withdrawal rates that were orders of magnitude larger than rates corresponding to those of 1997. The sustainable yield from ground water for the entire study area while setting the maximum upper limit as the amount withdrawn in 1997 is 360 million cubic feet per day, which is only about 57 percent of the amount withdrawn in 1997 (635.6 million cubic feet per day). Optimal sustainable yields from within the Bayou Meto irrigation project area and within the Grand Prairie irrigation project area are 18.1 and 9.1 million cubic feet per day, respectively, assuming a maximum allowable withdrawal rate equal to 1997 rates. These values of sustainable yield represent 35 and 30 percent respectively of the amount pumped from these project areas in 1997.
Unmet demand (defined as the difference between the optimized withdrawal rate or sustainable yield, and the anticipated demand) was calculated using different demand rates based on multiples of the 1997 withdrawal rate. Assuming that demand is the 1997 withdrawal rate, and that sustainable-yield estimates are those obtained using upper limits of withdrawal rates of 100-, 150-, and 200-percent of 1997 withdrawal rates, then the resulting unmet demand for the entire model area is 275.5, 190.9, and 110 million cubic feet per day, respectively. Whereas, if the demand is specified as 100-, 150-, and 200-percent of the 1997 withdrawal rate, and the sustainable-yield estimates remain the same, then the resulting unmet demand for the entire model area is 275.5, 508.8, and 745.8 million cubic feet per day, respectively. These unmet demands for ground water could be obtained from large sustainable surface-water withdrawals.
The Great Salt Lake Basins (GRSL) study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment program encompasses the Bear River, Weber River, and Utah Lake/Jordan River systems, all of which discharge to Great Salt Lake in Utah. Data were collected during each month at 10 sites in the GRSL study unit from October 1998 to September 2000 to define spatial and temporal distribution and variability in concentration of nutrients, major ions, trace elements, suspended sediments, and organic compounds.
Water samples collected from rangeland and forest sites in the GRSL study unit generally contained low concentrations of dissolved solids. Median dissolved-solids concentration in water samples was highest at sites with mixed land uses. Dissolved-solids concentration in some parts of the Bear River during low flow exceeded Utah State standards for agricultural use.
Total-nitrogen concentration in water samples from GRSL sites ranged from 0.06 to 11 milligrams per liter. Water samples from predominantly forest and rangeland sites generally had a low total-nitrogen concentration. Many samples from sites with a higher percentage of agricultural and urban land cover had higher concentrations of total nitrogen. Fifty percent of the samples collected at GRSL sites had total phosphorus concentrations that exceeded 0.1 milligram per liter, the recommended limit for the prevention of nuisance aquatic-plant growth in streams not discharging directly into lakes or impoundments.
Concentration of most trace elements in water samples from the fixed sites generally was low; however, arsenic concentrations, as high as 284 micrograms per liter, sometimes exceeded aquatic-life guidelines. Forty-three pesticides and 35 volatile organic compounds were detected in water samples from three GRSL sites; however, the concentration of most was low, less than 1 microgram per liter. The herbicides atrazine and prometon and the insecticides carbaryl and diazinon were the most frequently detected pesticides. Chloroform and toluene were detected in more than 90 percent of the samples and were the most frequently detected volatile organic compounds. The concentration of carbaryl, diazinon, malathion, and toluene in water samples from GRSL sites sometimes exceeded aquatic-life guidelines.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/wri034236","usgsCitation":"Gerner, S.J., 2003, Water quality at fixed sites in the Great Salt Lake basins, Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming, water years 1999-2000 (Online Only): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4236, x, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034236.","productDescription":"x, 56 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4712,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034236/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":334632,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034236/pdf/wri034236.pdf","size":"10.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho,Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.236328125,\n 39.86758762451019\n ],\n [\n -111.87377929687499,\n 39.64799732373418\n ],\n [\n -111.324462890625,\n 40.019201307686785\n ],\n [\n -111.302490234375,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -110.753173828125,\n 40.98819156349393\n ],\n [\n -110.50048828124999,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -110.55541992187499,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -111.77490234375,\n 42.771211138625894\n ],\n [\n -112.412109375,\n 42.431565872579185\n ],\n [\n -112.510986328125,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -112.43408203124999,\n 41.15384235711447\n ],\n [\n -112.12646484375,\n 40.763901280945866\n ],\n [\n -112.236328125,\n 39.86758762451019\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online Only","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499fe4b07f02db5bcca0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerner, Steven J. 0000-0002-5701-1304 sjgerner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-1304","contributorId":972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"Steven","email":"sjgerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53558,"text":"wri034214 - 2003 - Ground-water quality for two areas in the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, 1993-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:42","indexId":"wri034214","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4214","title":"Ground-water quality for two areas in the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, 1993-2000","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034214","usgsCitation":"Thamke, J., and Midtlyng, K.S., 2003, Ground-water quality for two areas in the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, 1993-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4214, v, 54 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.; 5 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034214.","productDescription":"v, 54 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.; 5 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4214/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87456,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4214/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667313","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Midtlyng, Karen S.","contributorId":10443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Midtlyng","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53163,"text":"fs08903 - 2003 - Quality of sediment discharging from the Barton Springs system, Austin, Texas, 2000-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T12:53:42","indexId":"fs08903","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"089-03","title":"Quality of sediment discharging from the Barton Springs system, Austin, Texas, 2000-2002","docAbstract":"Four spring outlets of the Barton Springs system provide the only known habitat for the Barton Springs salamander (Eurycea sosorum), a federally listed endangered species. After heavy rainfall, sediment is flushed through the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards aquifer and springflow often becomes turbid (cloudy). Sediment in urban areas often has high concentrations of hydrophobic contaminants, such as DDT, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and lead. In response to concerns that sediment discharging from the Barton Springs outlets could contain contaminants at levels that pose a threat to the health of the salamander or its prey, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, collected samples of suspended sediment discharging from each of the four spring outlets after two rainstorms and analyzed them for a suite of hydrophobic contaminants.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs08903","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., 2003, Quality of sediment discharging from the Barton Springs system, Austin, Texas, 2000-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 089-03, HTML Document; Report: 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs08903.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: 6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_089_03.bmp"},{"id":4750,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs-089-03/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":335539,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-089-03/pdf/FS_089-03.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.32 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin","otherGeospatial":"Barton Springs system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.78565883636475,\n 30.258993066432538\n ],\n [\n -97.76046752929688,\n 30.258993066432538\n ],\n [\n -97.76046752929688,\n 30.268704508112684\n ],\n [\n -97.78565883636475,\n 30.268704508112684\n ],\n [\n -97.78565883636475,\n 30.258993066432538\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db654a60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52921,"text":"wri034164 - 2003 - Techniques for estimating flood-peak discharges of rural, unregulated streams in Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T10:49:21","indexId":"wri034164","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4164","displayTitle":"Techniques for Estimating Flood-Peak Discharges of Rural, Unregulated Streams in Ohio","title":"Techniques for estimating flood-peak discharges of rural, unregulated streams in Ohio","docAbstract":"Regional equations for estimating 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year flood-peak discharges at ungaged sites on rural, unregulated streams in Ohio were developed by means of ordinary and generalized least-squares (GLS) regression techniques. One-variable, simple equations and three-variable, full-model equations were developed on the basis of selected basin characteristics and flood-frequency estimates determined for 305 streamflow-gaging stations in Ohio and adjacent states. The average standard errors of prediction ranged from about 39 to 49 percent for the simple equations, and from about 34 to 41 percent for the full-model equations. Flood-frequency estimates determined by means of log-Pearson Type III analyses are reported along with weighted flood-frequency estimates, computed as a function of the log-Pearson Type III estimates and the regression estimates.
Values of explanatory variables used in the regression models were determined from digital spatial data sets by means of a geographic information system (GIS), with the exception of drainage area, which was determined by digitizing the area within basin boundaries manually delineated on topographic maps. Use of GIS-based explanatory variables represents a major departure in methodology from that described in previous reports on estimating flood-frequency characteristics of Ohio streams.
Examples are presented illustrating application of the regression equations to ungaged sites on ungaged and gaged streams. A method is provided to adjust regression estimates for ungaged sites by use of weighted and regression estimates for a gaged site on the same stream.
A region-of-influence method, which employs a computer program to estimate flood-frequency characteristics for ungaged sites based on data from gaged sites with similar characteristics, was also tested and compared to the GLS full-model equations. For all recurrence intervals, the GLS full-model equations had superior prediction accuracy relative to the simple equations and therefore are recommended for use.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034164","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Department of Transportation, and the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Koltun, G., 2003, Techniques for estimating flood-peak discharges of rural, unregulated streams in Ohio (2nd edition): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4164, vi, 75 p.; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034164.","productDescription":"vi, 75 p.; Metadata","numberOfPages":"83","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273235,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/elevgrd.xml","linkHelpText":"- Ohio-Drainage Digital Elevation Model for use with Water Resources Investigations Report 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U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd.
Columbus, OH 43229