{"pageNumber":"28","pageRowStart":"675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":2263,"records":[{"id":70031574,"text":"70031574 - 2007 - Risk assessment of water quality in three North Carolina, USA, streams supporting federally endangered freshwater mussels (Unionidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T16:12:47","indexId":"70031574","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Risk assessment of water quality in three North Carolina, USA, streams supporting federally endangered freshwater mussels (Unionidae)","docAbstract":"<p>Water quality data were collected from three drainages supporting the endangered Carolina heelsplitter (Lasmigona decorata) and dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) to determine the potential for impaired water quality to limit the recovery of these freshwater mussels in North Carolina, USA. Total recoverable copper, total residual chlorine, and total ammonia nitrogen were measured every two months for approximately a year at sites bracketing wastewater sources and mussel habitat. These data and state monitoring datasets were compared with ecological screening values, including estimates of chemical concentrations likely to be protective of mussels, and federal ambient water quality criteria to assess site risks following a hazard quotient approach. In one drainage, the site-specific ammonia ecological screening value for acute exposures was exceeded in 6% of the samples, and 15% of samples exceeded the chronic ecological screening value; however, ammonia concentrations were generally below levels of concern in other drainages. In all drainages, copper concentrations were higher than ecological screening values most frequently (exceeding the ecological screening values for acute exposures in 65-94% of the samples). Chlorine concentrations exceeding the acute water quality criterion were observed in 14 and 35% of samples in two of three drainages. The ecological screening values were exceeded most frequently in Goose Creek and the Upper Tar River drainages; concentrations rarely exceeded ecological screening values in the Swift Creek drainage except for copper. The site-specific risk assessment approach provides valuable information (including site-specific risk estimates and ecological screening values for protection) that can be applied through regulatory and nonregulatory means to improve water quality for mussels where risks are indicated and pollutant threats persist. ?? 2007 SETAC.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/06-561R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Ward, S., Augspurger, T., Dwyer, F., Kane, C., and Ingersoll, C., 2007, Risk assessment of water quality in three North Carolina, USA, streams supporting federally endangered freshwater mussels (Unionidae): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 10, p. 2075-2085, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-561R.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2075","endPage":"2085","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212270,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-561R.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Goose Creek, Swift Creek, Tar River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.75225830078125,\n              35.25795517382968\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.4583740234375,\n              35.19625600786368\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.782470703125,\n              34.93885938523973\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.93215942382812,\n              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T.","contributorId":81844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augspurger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kane, C.","contributorId":101083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031558,"text":"70031558 - 2007 - Acute toxicity of copper, ammonia, and chlorine to glochidia and juveniles of freshwater mussels (Unionidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T16:59:33","indexId":"70031558","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute toxicity of copper, ammonia, and chlorine to glochidia and juveniles of freshwater mussels (Unionidae)","docAbstract":"<p>The objective of the present study was to determine acute toxicity of copper, ammonia, or chlorine to larval (glochidia) and juvenile mussels using the recently published American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard guide for conducting laboratory toxicity tests with freshwater mussels. Toxicity tests were conducted with glochidia (24- to 48-h exposures) and juveniles (96-h exposures) of up to 11 mussel species in reconstituted ASTM hard water using copper, ammonia, or chlorine as a toxicant. Copper and ammonia tests also were conducted with five commonly tested species, including cladocerans (Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia; 48-h exposures), amphipod (Hyalella azteca; 48-h exposures), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 96-h exposures), and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas; 96-h exposures). Median effective concentrations (EC50s) for commonly tested species were &gt;58 ??g Cu/L (except 15 ??g Cu/L for C. dubia) and &gt;13 mg total ammonia N/L, whereas the EC50s for mussels in most cases were 40 ??g/L and above the FAV in the WQC for chlorine. The results indicate that the early life stages of mussels generally were more sensitive to copper and ammonia than other organisms and that, including mussel toxicity data in a revision to the WQC, would lower the WQC for copper or ammonia. Furthermore, including additional mussel data in 2007 WQC for copper based on biotic ligand model would further lower the WQC. ?? 2007 SETAC.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/06-523R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Wang, N., Ingersoll, C., Hardesty, D., Ivey, C., Kunz, J., May, T., Dwyer, F., Roberts, A., Augspurger, T., Kane, C., Neves, R.J., and Barnhart, M., 2007, Acute toxicity of copper, ammonia, and chlorine to glochidia and juveniles of freshwater mussels (Unionidae): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 10, p. 2036-2047, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-523R.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2036","endPage":"2047","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239999,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6dbe4b0c8380cd47696","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, N.","contributorId":81615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hardesty, D.K.","contributorId":43935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardesty","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ivey, C.D.","contributorId":33876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivey","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kunz, J.L.","contributorId":7872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roberts, A.D.","contributorId":87757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Augspurger, T.","contributorId":81844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augspurger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kane, C.M.","contributorId":20140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Neves, R. J.","contributorId":30936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neves","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Barnhart, M.C.","contributorId":107410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70029772,"text":"70029772 - 2007 - Nature, diversity of deposit types and metallogenic relations of South China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70029772","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nature, diversity of deposit types and metallogenic relations of South China","docAbstract":"The South China Region is rich in mineral resources and has a wide diversity of deposit types. The region has undergone multiple tectonic and magmatic events and related metallogenic processes throughout the earth history. These tectonic and metallogenic processes were responsible for the formation of the diverse styles of base and precious metal deposits in South China making it one of the resource-rich regions in the world. During the Proterozoic, the South China Craton was characterised by rifting of continental margin before eruption of submarine volcanics and development of platform carbonate rocks, and the formation of VHMS, stratabound copper and MVT deposits. The Phanerozoic metallogeny of South China was related to opening and closing of the Tethyan Ocean involving multiple orogenies by subduction, back-arc rifting, arc-continent collision and post-collisional extension during the Indosinian (Triassic), Yanshanian (Jurassic to Cretaceous) and Himalayan (Tertiary) Orogenies. The Late Palaeozoic was a productive metallogenic period for South China resulting from break-up and rifting of Gondwana. Significant stratabound base and precious metal deposits were formed during the Devonian and Carboniferous (e.g., Fankou and Dabaoshan deposits). These Late Palaeozoic SEDEX-style deposits have been often overprinted by skarn systems associated with Yanshanian magmatism (e.g., Chengmenshan, Dongguashan and Qixiashan). A number of Late Palaeozoic to Early Mesozoic VHMS deposits also developed in the Sanjiang fold belt in the western part of South China (e.g., Laochang and Gacun). South China has significant sedimentary rock-hosted Carlin-like deposits, which occur in the Devonian- to Triassic-aged accretionary wedge or rift basins at the margin of the South China Craton. They are present in a region at the junction of Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi Provinces called the 'Southern Golden Triangle', and are also present in NW Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi, in an area known as the 'Northern Golden Triangle' of China. These deposits are mostly epigenetic hydrothermal micron-disseminated gold deposits with associated As, Hg, Sb + Tl mineralisation similar to Carlin-type deposits in USA. The important deposits in the Southern Golden Triangle are Jinfeng (Lannigou), Zimudang, Getang, Yata and Banqi in Guizhou Province, and the Jinya and Gaolong deposits in Guangxi District. The most important deposits in the Northern Golden Triangle are the Dongbeizhai and Qiaoqiaoshang deposits. Many porphyry-related polymetallic copper-lead-zinc and gold skarn deposits occur in South China. These deposits are related to Indosinian (Triassic) and Yanshanian (Jurassic to Cretaceous) magmatism associated with collision of the South China and North China Cratons and westward subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific Plate. Most of these deposits are distributed along the Lower to Middle Yangtze River metallogenic belt. The most significant deposits are Tonglushan, Jilongshan, Fengshandong, Shitouzui and Jiguanzui. Au-(Ag-Mo)-rich porphyry-related Cu-Fe skarn deposits are also present (Chengmenshan and Wushan in Jiangxi Province and Xinqiao, Mashan-Tianmashan, Shizishan and Huangshilaoshan in Anhui Province). The South China fold belt extending from Fujian to Zhejiang Provinces is characterised by well-developed Yanshanian intrusive to subvolcanic rocks associated with porphyry to epithermal type mineralisation and mesothermal vein deposits. The largest porphyry copper deposit in China, Dexing, occurs in Jiangxi Province and is hosted by Yanshanian granodiorite. The high-sulphidation epithermal system occurs at the Zijinshan district in Fujian Province and epithermal to mesothermal vein-type deposits are also found in the Zhejiang Province (e.g., Zhilingtou). Part of Shandong Province is located at the northern margin of the South China Craton and the province has unique world class granite-hosted orogenic gold deposits. Occurrences of Pt-Pd-Ni-Cu-Co are found in Permian","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ore Geology Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.10.006","issn":"01691368","usgsCitation":"Zaw, K., Peters, S.G., Cromie, P., Burrett, C., and Hou, Z., 2007, Nature, diversity of deposit types and metallogenic relations of South China: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 31, no. 1-4, p. 3-47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.10.006.","startPage":"3","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477097,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Nature_diversity_of_deposit_types_and_metallogenic_relations_of_South_China/22866722","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212833,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.10.006"},{"id":240381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63a1e4b0c8380cd725e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zaw, K.","contributorId":18941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaw","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, S. G.","contributorId":48198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cromie, P.","contributorId":20981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cromie","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burrett, C.","contributorId":90540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burrett","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hou, Z.","contributorId":66066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hou","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031719,"text":"70031719 - 2007 - Intra- and interlaboratory variability in acute toxicity tests with glochidia and juveniles of freshwater mussels (Unionidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T16:52:21","indexId":"70031719","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intra- and interlaboratory variability in acute toxicity tests with glochidia and juveniles of freshwater mussels (Unionidae)","docAbstract":"<p>The present study evaluated the performance and variability in acute toxicity tests with glochidia and newly transformed juvenile mussels using the standard methods outlined in American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Multiple 48-h toxicity tests with glochidia and 96-h tests with juvenile mussels were conducted within a single laboratory and among five laboratories. All tests met the test acceptability requirements (e.g., ???90% control survival). Intralaboratory tests were conducted over two consecutive mussel-spawning seasons with mucket (Actinonaias ligamentina) or fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) using copper, ammonia, or chlorine as a toxicant. For the glochidia of both species, the variability of intralaboratory median effective concentrations (EC50s) for the three toxicants, expressed as the coefficient of variation (CV), ranged from 14 to 27% in 24-h exposures and from 13 to 36% in 48-h exposures. The intralaboratory CV of copper EC50s for juvenile fatmucket was 24% in 48-h exposures and 13% in 96-h exposures. Interlaboratory tests were conducted with fatmucket glochidia and juveniles by five laboratories using copper as a toxicant. The interlaboratory CV of copper EC50s for glochidia was 13% in 24-h exposures and 24% in 48-h exposures, and the interlaboratory CV for juveniles was 22% in 48-h exposures and 42% in 96-h exposures. The high completion success and the overall low variability in test results indicate that the test methods have acceptable precision and can be performed routinely. ?? 2007 SETAC.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/06-520R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Wang, N., Augspurger, T., Barnhart, M., Bidwell, J.R., Cope, W., Dwyer, F., Geis, S., Greer, I., Ingersoll, C., Kane, C., May, T., Neves, R.J., Newton, T., Roberts, A., and Whites, D., 2007, Intra- and interlaboratory variability in acute toxicity tests with glochidia and juveniles of freshwater mussels (Unionidae): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 10, p. 2029-2035, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-520R.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2029","endPage":"2035","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477181,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1897/06-520r.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212366,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-520R.1"}],"volume":"26","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3db9e4b0c8380cd637ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, N.","contributorId":81615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Augspurger, T.","contributorId":81844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augspurger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnhart, M.C.","contributorId":107410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bidwell, Joseph R.","contributorId":105122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bidwell","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cope, W.G.","contributorId":71918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Geis, S.","contributorId":90112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geis","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Greer, I.E.","contributorId":70182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greer","given":"I.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kane, C.M.","contributorId":20140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Neves, R. J.","contributorId":30936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neves","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Newton, T.J.","contributorId":104428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Roberts, A.D.","contributorId":87757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Whites, D.W.","contributorId":52367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whites","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70029722,"text":"70029722 - 2007 - Nanotechnology - An emerging technology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-21T21:11:11","indexId":"70029722","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nanotechnology - An emerging technology","docAbstract":"The science of nanotechnology is still in its infancy. However, progress is being made in research and development of potential beneficial properties of nanomaterials that could play an integral part in the development of new and changing uses for mineral commodities. Nanotechnology is a kind of toolbox that allows industry to make nanomaterials and nanostructures with special properties. New nanotechnology applications of mineral commodities in their nanoscale form are being discovered, researched and developed. At the same time, there is continued research into environmental, human health and safety concerns that inherently arise from the development of a new technology. Except for a few nanomaterials (CNTs, copper, silver and zinc oxide), widespread applications are hampered by processing and suitable commercial-scale production techniques, high manufacturing costs, product price, and environmental, and human health and safety concerns. Whether nanotechnology causes a tidal wave of change or is a long-term evolutionary process of technology, new applications of familiar mineral commodities will be created. As research and development continues, the ability to manipulate matter at the nanoscale into increasingly sophisticated nanomaterials will improve and open up new possibilities for industry that will change the flow and use of mineral commodities and the materials and products that are used.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Buckingham, D., 2007, Nanotechnology - An emerging technology: Mining Engineering, v. 59, no. 12, p. 23-29.","startPage":"23","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267929,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=1093&page=23"}],"volume":"59","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6182e4b0c8380cd719e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckingham, D.","contributorId":39201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckingham","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70031474,"text":"70031474 - 2007 - Chronic toxicity of copper and ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (Unionidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T16:55:04","indexId":"70031474","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronic toxicity of copper and ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (Unionidae)","docAbstract":"<p>The objectives of the present study were to develop methods for conducting chronic toxicity tests with juvenile mussels under flow-through conditions and to determine the chronic toxicity of copper and ammonia to juvenile mussels using these methods. In two feeding tests, two-month-old fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and rainbow mussel (Villosa iris) were fed various live algae or nonviable algal mixture for 28 d. The algal mixture was the best food resulting in high survival (???90%) and growth. Multiple copper and ammonia toxicity tests were conducted for 28 d starting with two-month-old mussels. Six toxicity tests using the algal mixture were successfully completed with a control survival of 88 to 100%. Among copper tests with rainbow mussel, fatmucket, and oyster mussel (Epioblasma capsaeformis), chronic value ([ChV], geometric mean of the no-observed-effect concentration and the lowest-observed-effect concentration) ranged from 8.5 to 9.8 ??g Cu/L for survival and from 4.6 to 8.5 ??g Cu/L for growth. Among ammonia tests with rainbow mussel, fatmucket, and wavy-rayed lampmussel (L. fasciola), the ChV ranged from 0.37 to 1.2 mg total ammonia N/L for survival and from 0.37 to 0.67 mg N/L for growth. These ChVs were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1996 chronic water quality criterion (WQC) for copper (15 ??g/L; hardness 170 mg/L) and 1999 WQC for total ammonia (1.26 mg N/L; pH 8.2 and 20??C). Results indicate that toxicity tests with two-month-old mussels can be conducted for 28 d with &gt;80% control survival; growth was frequently a more sensitive endpoint compared to survival; and the 1996 chronic WQC for copper and the 1999 chronic WQC for total ammonia might not be adequately protective of the mussel species tested. However, a recently revised 2007 chronic WQC for copper based on the biotic ligand model may be more protective in the water tested. ?? 2007 SETAC.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/06-524R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Wang, N., Ingersoll, C., Greer, I., Hardesty, D., Ivey, C., Kunz, J., Brumbaugh, W.G., Dwyer, F., Roberts, A., Augspurger, T., Kane, C., Neves, R.J., and Barnhart, M., 2007, Chronic toxicity of copper and ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (Unionidae): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 10, p. 2048-2056, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-524R.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2048","endPage":"2056","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212294,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-524R.1"}],"volume":"26","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5eee4b0c8380cd4c4c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, N.","contributorId":81615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greer, I.E.","contributorId":70182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greer","given":"I.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardesty, D.K.","contributorId":43935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardesty","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ivey, C.D.","contributorId":33876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivey","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kunz, J.L.","contributorId":7872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":431682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Roberts, A.D.","contributorId":87757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Augspurger, T.","contributorId":81844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augspurger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kane, C.M.","contributorId":20140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Neves, R. J.","contributorId":30936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neves","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Barnhart, M.C.","contributorId":107410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70174196,"text":"70174196 - 2007 - Assessment of marine-derived nutrients in the Copper River Delta, Alaska, using natural abundance of the stable isotopes of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T10:59:37","indexId":"70174196","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of marine-derived nutrients in the Copper River Delta, Alaska, using natural abundance of the stable isotopes of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon","docAbstract":"<p>We performed nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon stable isotope analysis (SIA) on maturing and juvenile anadromous sockeye and coho salmon, and periphyton in two Copper River delta watersheds of Alaska to trace salmonderived nutrients during 2003&ndash;2004. Maturing salmon were isotopically enriched relative to alternate freshwater N, S, and C sources as expected, with differences consistent with species trophic level differences, and minor system, sex, and year-to-year differences, enabling use of SIA to trace these salmon-derived nutrients. Periphyton naturally colonized, incubated, and collected using Wildco Periphtyon Samplers in and near spawning sites was <sup>34</sup>S- and <sup>15</sup>N-enriched, as expected, and at all freshwater sites was <sup>13</sup>C-depleted. At nonspawning and coho-only sites, periphyton <sup>34</sup>S and <sup>15</sup>N was generally low. However, <sup>34</sup>S was low enough at some sites to be suggestive of sulfate reduction, complicating the use of S isotopes. Juvenile salmon SIA ranged in values consistent with using production derived from re-mineralization as well as direct utilization, but only by a minority fraction of coho salmon. Dependency on salmon-derived nutrients ranged from relatively high to relatively low, suggesting a space-limited system. No one particular isotope was found to be superior for determining the relative importance of salmon-derived nutrients.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda MD","issn":"0892-2284","usgsCitation":"Kline, T.C., Woody, C.A., Bishop, M.A., Powers, S.P., and Knudsen, E.E., 2007, Assessment of marine-derived nutrients in the Copper River Delta, Alaska, using natural abundance of the stable isotopes of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 54, p. 51-60.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f1a3e4b07dd077c69840","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kline, Thomas C.","contributorId":140867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kline","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13600,"text":"Prince William Sound Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woody, Carol Ann","contributorId":172548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woody","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bishop, Mary Anne","contributorId":10698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powers, Sean P.","contributorId":138867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powers","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12554,"text":"University of South Alabama and Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knudsen, E. Eric","contributorId":104818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudsen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031157,"text":"70031157 - 2007 - Separation of copper, iron, and zinc from complex aqueous solutions for isotopic measurement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T10:06:37","indexId":"70031157","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Separation of copper, iron, and zinc from complex aqueous solutions for isotopic measurement","docAbstract":"<p id=\"simple-para.0075\">The measurement of Cu, Fe, and Zn isotopes in natural samples may provide valuable information about biogeochemical processes in the environment. However, the widespread application of stable Cu, Fe, and Zn isotope chemistry to natural water systems remains limited by our ability to efficiently separate these trace elements from the greater concentrations of matrix elements. In this study, we present a new method for the isolation of Cu, Fe, and Zn from complex aqueous solutions using a single anion-exchange column with hydrochloric acid media. Using this method we are able to quantitatively separate Cu, Fe, and Zn from each other and from matrix elements in a single column elution. Elution of the elements of interest, as well as all other elements, through the anion-exchange column is a function of the speciation of each element in the various concentrations of HCl. We highlight the column chemistry by comparing our observations with published studies that have investigated the speciation of Cu, Fe, and Zn in chloride solutions.</p><p id=\"simple-para.0080\">The functionality of the column procedure was tested by measuring Cu, Fe, and Zn isotopes in a variety of stream water samples impacted by acid mine drainage. The accuracy and precision of Zn isotopic measurements was tested by doping Zn-free stream water with the Zn isotopic standard. The reproducibility of the entire column separation process and the overall precision of the isotopic measurements were also evaluated. The isotopic results demonstrate that the Cu, Fe, and Zn column separates from the tested stream waters are of sufficient purity to be analyzed directly using a multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS), and that the measurements are fully-reproducible, accurate, and precise. Although limited in scope, these isotopic measurements reveal significant variations in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>65</sup>Cu (−&nbsp;1.41 to +&nbsp;0.30‰),<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>56</sup>Fe (−&nbsp;0.56 to +&nbsp;0.34‰), and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>66</sup>Zn (0.31 to 0.49‰) among samples collected from different abandoned mines within a single watershed. Hence, Cu, Fe, and Zn isotopic measurements may be a powerful tool for fingerprinting specific metal sources and/or examining biogeochemical reactions within fresh water systems.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.04.004","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Borrok, D.M., Wanty, R.B., Ridley, W.I., Wolf, R.E., Lamothe, P.J., and Adams, M., 2007, Separation of copper, iron, and zinc from complex aqueous solutions for isotopic measurement: Chemical Geology, v. 242, no. 3-4, p. 400-414, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.04.004.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"400","endPage":"414","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211281,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.04.004"}],"volume":"242","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d40e4b08c986b3182fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borrok, David M.","contributorId":26056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borrok","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ridley, William I. 0000-0001-6787-558X iridley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-558X","contributorId":1160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"William","email":"iridley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolf, Ruth E. rwolf@usgs.gov","contributorId":903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Ruth","email":"rwolf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul J. plamothe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","email":"plamothe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":430292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Adams, M.","contributorId":81176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032886,"text":"70032886 - 2007 - In situ quantitative analysis of individual H2O-CO2 fluid inclusions by laser Raman spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032886","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ quantitative analysis of individual H2O-CO2 fluid inclusions by laser Raman spectroscopy","docAbstract":"Raman spectral parameters for the Raman ??1 (1285??cm- 1) and 2??2 (1388??cm- 1) bands for CO2 and for the O-H stretching vibration band of H2O (3600??cm- 1) were determined in H2O-CO2 fluid inclusions. Synthetic fluid inclusions containing 2.5 to 50??mol% CO2 were analyzed at temperatures equal to or greater than the homogenization temperature. The results were used to develop an empirical relationship between composition and Raman spectral parameters. The linear peak intensity ratio (IR = ICO2/(ICO2 + IH2O)) is related to the CO2 concentration in the inclusion according to the relation:Mole % C O2 = e- 3.959 IR2 + 8.0734 IRwhere ICO2 is the intensity of the 1388 cm- 1 peak and IH2O is the intensity of the 3600 cm- 1 peak. The relationship between linear peak intensity and composition was established at 350????C for compositions ranging from 2.5 to 50??mol% CO2. The CO2-H2O linear peak intensity ratio (IR) varies with temperature and the relationship between composition and IR is strictly valid only if the inclusions are analyzed at 350????C. The peak area ratio is defined as AR = ACO2/(ACO2 + AH2O), where ACO2 is the integrated area under the 1388??cm- 1 peak and AH2O is the integrated area under the 3600??cm- 1 peak. The relationship between peak area ratio (AR) and the CO2 concentration in the inclusions is given as:Mole % C O2 = 312.5 AR. The equation relating peak area ratio and composition is valid up to 25??mol% CO2 and from 300 to 450????C. The relationship between linear peak intensity ratio and composition should be used for inclusions containing ??? 50??mol% CO2 and which can be analyzed at 350????C. The relationship between composition and peak area ratios should be used when analyzing inclusions at temperatures less than or greater than 350????C (300-450) but can only be used for compositions ??? 25??mol% CO2. Note that this latter relationship has a somewhat larger standard deviation compared to the intensity ratio relationship. Calibration relationships employing peak areas for both members of the Fermi diad (??1 at 1285??cm- 1 and 2??2 at 1388??cm- 1) were slightly poorer than those using only the 2??2 (1388??cm- 1) member owing to interference from quartz peak at approximately 1160??cm- 1. The technique has been applied to natural low-salinity H2O-CO2 inclusions from the Butte, Montana, porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit. Carbon dioxide concentrations obtained range from below detection to 4.2??mol% CO2, and are in good agreement with concentrations determined previously based on microthermometric and petrographic observations. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.06.025","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Azbej, T., Severs, M., Rusk, B., and Bodnar, R., 2007, In situ quantitative analysis of individual H2O-CO2 fluid inclusions by laser Raman spectroscopy: Chemical Geology, v. 237, no. 3-4, p. 255-263, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.06.025.","startPage":"255","endPage":"263","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213654,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.06.025"}],"volume":"237","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39aae4b0c8380cd619d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Azbej, T.","contributorId":84570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Azbej","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Severs, M.J.","contributorId":78560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severs","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rusk, B.G.","contributorId":48667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rusk","given":"B.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bodnar, R.J.","contributorId":57065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodnar","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70142173,"text":"70142173 - 2007 - Mining-impacted sources of metal loading to an alpine stream based on a tracer-injection study, Clear Creek County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-18T14:17:15","indexId":"70142173","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3853,"text":"Reviews in Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mining-impacted sources of metal loading to an alpine stream based on a tracer-injection study, Clear Creek County, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Base flow water in Leavenworth Creek, a tributary to South Clear Creek in Clear Creek County, Colorado, contains copper and zinc at levels toxic to aquatic life. The metals are predominantly derived from the historical Waldorf mine, and sources include an adit, a mine-waste dump, and mill-tailings deposits. Tracer-injection and water-chemistry synoptic studies were conducted during low-flow conditions to quantify metal loads of mining-impacted inflows and their relative contributions to nearby Leavenworth Creek. During the 2-year investigation, the adit was rerouted in an attempt to reduce metal loading to the stream. During the first year, a lithium-bromide tracer was injected continuously into the stream to achieve steady-state conditions prior to synoptic sampling. Synoptic samples were collected from Leavenworth Creek and from discrete surface inflows. One year later, synoptic sampling was repeated at selected sites to evaluate whether rerouting of the adit flow had improved water quality.</p>\n<p>The largest sources of copper and zinc to the creek were from surface inflows from the adit, diffuse inflows from wetland areas, and leaching of dispersed mill tailings. Major instream processes included mixing between mining- and non-mining-impacted waters and the attenuation of iron, aluminum, manganese, and othermetals by precipitation or sorption. One year after the rerouting, the Zn and Cu loads in Leavenworth Creek from the adit discharge versus those from leaching of a large volume of dispersed mill tailings were approximately equal to, if not greater than, those before. The mine-waste dump does not appear to be a major source of metal loading. Any improvement that may have resulted from the elimination of adit flow across the dump was masked by higher adit discharge attributed to a larger snow pack. Although many mine remediation activities commonly proceed without prior scientific studies to identify the sources and pathways of metal transport, such strategies do not always translate to water-quality improvements in the stream. Assessment of sources and pathways to gain better understanding of the system is a necessary investment in the outcome of any successful remediation strategy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/2007.4017(05)","usgsCitation":"Fey, D.L., and Wirt, L., 2007, Mining-impacted sources of metal loading to an alpine stream based on a tracer-injection study, Clear Creek County, Colorado: Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. 17, p. 85-103, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.4017(05).","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"103","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":298725,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Clear Creek County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.00433349609375,\n              39.48920467334085\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.00433349609375,\n              39.75365697136308\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.42755126953125,\n              39.75365697136308\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.42755126953125,\n              39.48920467334085\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.00433349609375,\n              39.48920467334085\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550aa1bae4b02e76d7590bf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wirt, Laurie","contributorId":13204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirt","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030932,"text":"70030932 - 2007 - Genetic investigation of natural hybridization between rainbow and coastal cutthroat trout in the copper River Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T15:32:15","indexId":"70030932","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic investigation of natural hybridization between rainbow and coastal cutthroat trout in the copper River Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Molecular genetic methods were used to quantify natural hybridization between rainbow trout&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;or steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout) and coastal cutthroat trout&nbsp;</span><i>O. clarkii clarkii</i><span>&nbsp;collected in the Copper River delta, Southeast Alaska. Eleven locations were sampled to determine the extent of hybridization and the distribution of hybrids. Four diagnostic nuclear microsatellite loci and four species-specific simple sequence repeat markers were used in combination with restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of NADH dehydrogenase 5/6 (</span><i>ND5/6</i><span>) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to investigate the genetic structure of trout from both species and identify putative interspecific hybrids. Hybrids were found in 7 of the 11 streams sampled in the Copper River delta, the extent of hybridization across all streams varying from 0% to 58%. Hybrid trout distribution appeared to be nonrandom, most individuals of mixed taxonomic ancestry being detected in streams containing rainbow trout rather than in streams containing coastal cutthroat trout. Genotypic disequilibrium was observed among microsatellite loci in populations with high levels of hybridization. We found no significant correlation between unique stream channel process groups and the number of hybrid fish sampled. Eighty-eight percent of fish identified as first-generation hybrids (F</span><sub>1</sub><span>) in two populations contained coastal cutthroat trout mtDNA, suggesting directionality in hybridization. However, dominance of coastal cutthroat trout mtDNA was not observed at a third location containing F</span><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;hybrids, indicating that interspecific mating behavior varied among locations. Backcrossed individuals were found in drainages lacking F</span><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;hybrids and in populations previously thought to contain a single species. The extent and distribution of backcrossed individuals suggested that at least some hybrids are reproductively viable and backcrossed hybrid offspring move throughout the system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/T06-214.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Williams, I., Reeves, G., Graziano, S., and Nielsen, J., 2007, Genetic investigation of natural hybridization between rainbow and coastal cutthroat trout in the copper River Delta, Alaska: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 136, no. 4, p. 926-942, https://doi.org/10.1577/T06-214.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"926","endPage":"942","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211418,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T06-214.1"}],"volume":"136","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a157ce4b0c8380cd54e36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, I.","contributorId":36343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reeves, G.H.","contributorId":37287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graziano, S.L.","contributorId":56025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graziano","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nielsen, J.L.","contributorId":105665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043118,"text":"cir13067E - 2007 - Water quality of Lake Pontchartrain and outlets to the Gulf of Mexico following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: Chapter 7E in <i>Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-05T13:14:04","indexId":"cir13067E","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1306","chapter":"7E","title":"Water quality of Lake Pontchartrain and outlets to the Gulf of Mexico following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: Chapter 7E in <i>Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005</i>","docAbstract":"Water-quality samples collected from drainage canals, from Lake Pontchartrain, La., and from flood waters contained contaminants typically found in waters influenced by urban runoff. Pesticides and wastewater compounds were detected in all water samples, but none exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) drinking water or aquatic life criteria. Although metals were detected in all samples, copper, nickel, and silver occurred in concentrations greater than water-quality criteria for salt water. Salinity levels in the freshwater marshes south of New Orleans were typical of Gulf of Mexico waters for an extended period of time, and levels did not return to prehurricane levels until February 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005 (Circular 1306)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir13067E","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 7E in <i>Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005</i>.  See <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/cir1306\" target=\"_blank\">Circular 1306</a> for more information and other chapters.","usgsCitation":"Skrobialowski, S.C., Green, W.R., and Galloway, J.M., 2007, Water quality of Lake Pontchartrain and outlets to the Gulf of Mexico following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: Chapter 7E in <i>Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1306, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir13067E.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1306_7e.gif"},{"id":267013,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1306/"},{"id":267014,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1306/pdf/c1306_ch7_e.pdf"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.333,29.916 ], [ -92.333,30.583 ], [ -89.583,30.583 ], [ -89.583,29.916 ], [ -92.333,29.916 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51123859e4b0ebe69d7eb779","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skrobialowski, Stanley C. 0000-0001-8627-0279 sski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8627-0279","contributorId":1402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skrobialowski","given":"Stanley","email":"sski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030789,"text":"70030789 - 2007 - Heterogeneity of soil nutrients and subsurface biota in a dryland ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030789","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3416,"text":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heterogeneity of soil nutrients and subsurface biota in a dryland ecosystem","docAbstract":"Dryland ecosystems have long been considered to have a highly heterogeneous distribution of nutrients and soil biota, with greater concentrations of both in soils under plants relative to interspace soils. We examined the distribution of soil resources in two plant communities (dominated by either the shrub Coleogyne ramosissima or the grass Stipa hymenoides) at two locations. Interspace soils were covered either by early successional biological soil crusts (BSCs) or by later successional BSCs (dominated by nitrogen (N)-fixing cyanobacteria and lichens). For each of the 8 plant type??crust type??locations, we sampled the stem, dripline, and 3 interspace distances around each of 3 plants. Soil analyses revealed that only available potassium (Kav) and ammonium concentrations were consistently greater under plants (7 of 8 sites and 6 of 8 sites, respectively). Nitrate and iron (Fe) were greater under plants at 4 sites, while all other nutrients were greater under plants at less than 50% of the sites. In contrast, calcium, copper, clay, phosphorus (P), and zinc were often greater in the interspace than under the plants. Soil microbial biomass was always greater under the plant compared to the interspace. The community composition of N-fixing bacteria was highly variable, with no distinguishable patterns among microsites. Bacterivorous nematodes and rotifers were consistently more abundant under plants (8 and 7 sites, respectively), and fungivorous and omnivorous nematodes were greater under plants at 5 of the 8 sites. Abundance of other soil biota was greater under plants at less than 50% of the sites, but highly correlated with the availability of N, P, Kav, and Fe. Unlike other ecosystems, the soil biota was only infrequently correlated with organic matter. Lack of plant-driven heterogeneity in soils of this ecosystem is likely due to (1) interspace soils covered with BSCs, (2) little incorporation of above-ground plant litter into soils, and/or (3) root deployment patterns. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.015","issn":"00380717","usgsCitation":"Housman, D., Yeager, C., Darby, B., Sanford, R., Kuske, C., Neher, D., and Belnap, J., 2007, Heterogeneity of soil nutrients and subsurface biota in a dryland ecosystem: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 39, no. 8, p. 2138-2149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.015.","startPage":"2138","endPage":"2149","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211290,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.015"},{"id":238558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a308ce4b0c8380cd5d730","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Housman, D.C.","contributorId":6236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Housman","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yeager, C.M.","contributorId":17025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeager","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Darby, B.J.","contributorId":29186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darby","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sanford, R.L. Jr.","contributorId":10983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"R.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuske, C.R.","contributorId":101857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuske","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Neher, D.A.","contributorId":93683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neher","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70029843,"text":"70029843 - 2007 - Porphyry copper deposit tract definition - A global analysis comparing geologic map scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70029843","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Porphyry copper deposit tract definition - A global analysis comparing geologic map scales","docAbstract":"Geologic maps are a fundamental data source used to define mineral-resource potential tracts for the first step of a mineral resource assessment. Further, it is generally believed that the scale of the geologic map is a critical consideration. Previously published research has demonstrated that the U.S. Geological Survey porphyry tracts identified for the United States, which are based on 1:500,000-scale geology and larger scale data and published at 1:1,000,000 scale, can be approximated using a more generalized 1:2,500,000-scale geologic map. Comparison of the USGS porphyry tracts for the United States with weights-of-evidence models made using a 1:10,000,000-scale geologic map, which was made for petroleum applications, and a 1:35,000,000-scale geologic map, which was created as context for the distribution of porphyry deposits, demonstrates that, again, the USGS US porphyry tracts identified are similar to tracts defined on features from these small scale maps. In fact, the results using the 1:35,000,000-scale map show a slightly higher correlation with the USGS US tract definition, probably because the conceptual context for this small-scale map is more appropriate for porphyry tract definition than either of the other maps. This finding demonstrates that geologic maps are conceptual maps. The map information shown in each map is selected and generalized for the map to display the concepts deemed important for the map maker's purpose. Some geologic maps of small scale prove to be useful for regional mineral-resource tract definition, despite the decrease in spatial accuracy with decreasing scale. The utility of a particular geologic map for a particular application is critically dependent on the alignment of the intention of the map maker with the application. ?? International Association for Mathematical Geology 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-007-9042-9","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Raines, G.L., Connors, K., and Chorlton, L., 2007, Porphyry copper deposit tract definition - A global analysis comparing geologic map scales: Natural Resources Research, v. 16, no. 2, p. 191-198, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-007-9042-9.","startPage":"191","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212864,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-007-9042-9"},{"id":240421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7de6e4b0c8380cd7a219","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, G. L.","contributorId":90720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"G.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connors, K.A.","contributorId":60024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connors","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chorlton, L.B.","contributorId":40806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chorlton","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035414,"text":"70035414 - 2007 - Metallogeny of the nikolai large igneous province (LIP) in southern alaska and its influence on the mineral potential of the talkeetna mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035414","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metallogeny of the nikolai large igneous province (LIP) in southern alaska and its influence on the mineral potential of the talkeetna mountains","docAbstract":"Recent geologic mapping has identified areas of extrusive basalts of the Middle to Late Triassic Nikolai Greenstone within the Wrangellia terrane that extend at least 80 km southwest of their previously known extent. Abundant dolerite sills of similar composition intrude Paleozoic and Mesozoic stratigraphy below the Nikolai throughout the central Talkeetna Mountains. The Talkeetna Mountains, therefore, have newly identified potential for copper, nickel, and platinum-group elements (PGEs) as disseminated, net-textured, or massive magmatic sulfide deposits hosted in mafic and ultramafic sill-form complexes related to emplacement of the Nikolai. Because of their potential high grades, similar magmatic sulfide targets have been the focus of increasing mineral exploration activity over the last decade in the Amphitheater Mountains and central Alaska Range, 100-200 km to the northeast. The Nikolai Greenstone, associated intrusions, and their metamorphosed equivalents also have potential to host stratabound disseminated \"basaltic copper\" deposits. Sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks overlying the Nikolai have the potential to host stratabound, disseminated, or massive \"reduced-facies\" type Cu-Ag deposits. Ultramafic rocks have been identified only in the extreme northeastern Talkeetna Mountains to date. However, coincident gravity and magnetic highs along the leading (northwestern) edge of and within Wrangellia in the Talkeetna and Clearwater Mountains suggest several areas that are highly prospective for ultramafic rocks related to extrusion of Nikolai lavas. In particular, the distribution, geometry, and composition of sills within the pre-Nikolai stratigraphy and the structural and tectonic controls on intrusive versus extrusive rock distribution deserve serious examination. Copyright ?? 2007 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2007.2431(24)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, J., and Rogers, R., 2007, Metallogeny of the nikolai large igneous province (LIP) in southern alaska and its influence on the mineral potential of the talkeetna mountains: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 431, p. 623-648, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.2431(24).","startPage":"623","endPage":"648","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215347,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2007.2431(24)"},{"id":243142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"431","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a54f0e4b0c8380cd6d09e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, J.M.","contributorId":97916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, R.K.","contributorId":93292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032919,"text":"70032919 - 2007 - Vapor transfer prior to the October 2004 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T14:55:36","indexId":"70032919","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vapor transfer prior to the October 2004 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>Dome lavas from the 2004 eruption of Mount St. Helens show elevated Li contents in plagioclase phenocrysts at the onset of dome growth in October 2004. These cannot be explained by variations in plagioclase-melt partitioning, but require elevated Li contents in coexisting melt, a fact confirmed by measurements of Li contents as high as 207 µg/g in coexisting melt inclusions. Similar Li enrichment has been observed in material erupted prior to and during the climactic May 1980 eruption, and is likewise best explained via pre-eruptive transfer of an exsolved alkali-rich vapor phase derived from deeper within the magma transport system. Unlike 1980, however, high Li samples from 2004 show no evidence of excess (<sup>210</sup>Pb)/(<sup>226</sup>Ra), implying that measurable Li enrichments may occur despite significant differences in the timing and/or extent of magmatic degassing.</p><p>Diffusion modeling shows that Li enrichment occurred within ∼1 yr before eruption, and that magma remained Li enriched until immediately before eruption and cooling. This short flux time and the very high Li contents in ash produced by phreatomagmatic activity prior to the onset of dome extrusion suggest that vapor transfer and accumulation were associated with initiation of the current eruption. Overall, observation of a high Li signature in both 1980 and 2004 dacites indicates that Li enrichment may be a relatively common phenomenon, and may prove useful for petrologic monitoring of Mount St. Helens and other silicic volcanoes. Lithium diffusion is also sufficiently rapid to constrain vapor transfer on similar time scales to short-lived radionuclides.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G22809A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Kent, A., Blundy, J., Cashman, K.V., Copper, K., Donnelly, C., Pallister, J.S., Reagan, M., Rowe, M., and Thornber, C., 2007, Vapor transfer prior to the October 2004 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington: Geology, v. 35, no. 3, p. 231-234, https://doi.org/10.1130/G22809A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"234","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213173,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G22809A.1"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc11fe4b08c986b32a45e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kent, A.J.R.","contributorId":76123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"A.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blundy, J.","contributorId":32351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blundy","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cashman, K. V.","contributorId":16831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Copper, K.M.","contributorId":40808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Copper","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Donnelly, C.","contributorId":42042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pallister, John S. 0000-0002-2041-2147 jpallist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-2147","contributorId":2024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"John","email":"jpallist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reagan, M.","contributorId":13445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reagan","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rowe, M.C.","contributorId":42041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Thornber, Carl 0000-0002-6382-4408 cthornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-4408","contributorId":167396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"Carl","email":"cthornber@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":76832,"text":"mf2414 - 2007 - Geology and Mineral Resources of the East Mojave National Scenic Area, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-28T14:48:43","indexId":"mf2414","displayToPublicDate":"2006-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2414","title":"Geology and Mineral Resources of the East Mojave National Scenic Area, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"From our evaluations that largely used model-based criteria, we conclude that much of the East Mojave National Scenic Area (EMNSA) contains significant indications of epigenetic mineralization of various types. Economically significant concentrations of many metals may possibly remain to be discovered in many parts of the EMNSA (see also Wetzel and others, 1992). We have discussed specific types of metallic deposits that are known to be present in the EMNSA. Some mountain ranges that have widespread occurrences are the Providence Mountains, Clark Mountain Range, Ivanpah Mountains, and New York Mountains; the area of Hackberry Mountain is included in a tract that is judged to be favorable for the discovery of epithermal, volcanic-hosted gold deposits (pl. 2). These ranges make up a broad, roughly north-south-trending region in the central part of the EMNSA. Much less endowed with known occurrences of all of the various types of deposits considered above are the Granite Mountains, the central parts of the Piute Range, the Fenner Valley area, the general area of Cima Dome, the Cima volcanic field, and areas west to Soda Lake. We have attempted to make some judgments concerning the gravel-covered areas in the EMNSA (pl. 3), including the areal extent of bedrock apparently covered only by thin veneers of gravel. But few data are available to us for the overwhelming bulk of the covered areas. The presence of any mineralization, the type of mineralization, and the extent and intensity of mineralization in the covered areas is essentially unknown. The likelihood is high, however, that those areas in the EMNSA covered only by a thin cap of gravels could host mineralization similar to that known in the adjoining mountain ranges. Most buried epigenetic-mineral deposits do not respond to standard geophysical methods, particularly at the coarse spacing of the data-collection points available for our evaluation.\r\nRestricting judgments concerning the presence of undiscovered metal resources in the EMNSA only to currently known types of deposits and to regionally representative tonnages for such deposits would undoubtedly yield small estimates for volumes of many metals that might be exploited.\r\nMetals from most newly discovered, base- and ferrous-metal deposits of the types presently known in the EMNSA probably would be insignificant from the standpoint of national needs. For example, copper from a newly discovered skarn deposit in the EMNSA would have roughly a 25 percent chance of being in excess of approximately 10,000 tonnes contained Cu, if the grade-and-tonnage distribution curves of Jones and Menzie (1986b) for copper skarns are applicable to copper skarn in the EMNSA. Most copper in the United States is produced in the Southwest from much larger open-pit operations than those associated with the typical copper skarn; the former operations exploit large-tonnage porphyry-type systems. Historically, the EMNSA has been the site of minor production of many metals from a large number of sites. Since 1985, however, a small number of sites in the EMNSA whose gold production and reserves are much greater than that of the preceding discoveries have been developed (see U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1990a).\r\nNonetheless, widespread distribution of numerous types of deposits (including copper skarn, lead-zinc skarn, tin-tungsten skarn, polymetallic vein, gold-silver quartz-pyrite vein, low-fluorine porphyry molybdenum, gold breccia pipe, and volcanic-hosted gold) that are petrogenetically associated with igneous rock in many parts of the EMNSA is indicative of a metallogenic environment that may be the site of future discoveries of mineral-deposit types that are not now recognized by the exploration community. The science, art, and, yes, even luck of exploration procedures continually evolve, and this evolution is one of the most important aspects of currently employed methods of exploration (Bailly, 1981; Hutchinson and Grauch, 1991).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/mf2414","usgsCitation":"2007, Geology and Mineral Resources of the East Mojave National Scenic Area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2414, 6 Plates: Plate 1 - 54 x 38 inches, Plates 2 through 6 - each 48 x 34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2414.","productDescription":"6 Plates: Plate 1 - 54 x 38 inches, Plates 2 through 6 - each 48 x 34 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11586,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2007/2414/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"25000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116,34.666666666666664 ], [ -116,35.583333333333336 ], [ -114.91666666666667,35.583333333333336 ], [ -114.91666666666667,34.666666666666664 ], [ -116,34.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686485","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":1707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":743688,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Robert J. rjmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":2516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robert","email":"rjmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743689,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nielsen, Jane E.","contributorId":207390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743690,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilshire, Howard G.","contributorId":68346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilshire","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743691,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743692,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stone, Paul 0000-0002-1439-0156 pastone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-0156","contributorId":273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Paul","email":"pastone@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743693,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bishop, Kenneth R.","contributorId":51744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743694,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dohrenwend, John C.","contributorId":90283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohrenwend","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743695,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":8},{"text":"McKittrick, Mary Anne","contributorId":190699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKittrick","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743696,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mariano, John","contributorId":69949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariano","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743697,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743698,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":11}],"editors":[{"text":"Theodore, Ted G.","contributorId":57840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodore","given":"Ted G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743687,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006982,"text":"70006982 - 2006 - Renesting by dusky Canada geese on the Copper River Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-03T14:20:02","indexId":"70006982","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Renesting by dusky Canada geese on the Copper River Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The population of dusky Canada geese (<i>Branta canadensis occidentalis</i>; hereafter duskies) breeding on the Copper River Delta (CRD), Alaska, USA, has been in long-term decline, largely as a result of reduced productivity. Estimates of renesting rates by duskies may be useful for adjusting estimates of the size of the breeding population derived from aerial surveys and for understanding population dynamics. We used a marked population of dusky females to obtain estimates of renesting propensity and renesting interval on the CRD, 1999&ndash;2000. Continuation nests, replacement nests initiated without a break in the laying sequence, resulted only after first nests were destroyed in the laying stage with &le;4 eggs laid. Renesting propensity declined with nest age from 72% in mid-laying to 30% in early incubation. Between first nests and renests, mean interval was 11.9 &plusmn; 0.6 days, mean distance was 74.5 m (range 0&ndash;214 m), and clutch size declined 0.9 &plusmn; 0.4 eggs. We incorporated our renesting estimates and available estimates of other nesting parameters into an individual-based model to predict the proportion of first nests, continuation nests, and renests, and to examine female success on the CRD, 1997&ndash;2000. Our model predicted that 19&ndash;36% of nests each year were continuation nests and renests. Also, through 15 May (the approx. date of breeding ground surveys), 1.1&ndash;1.3 nests were initiated per female. Thus, the number of nests per female would have a significant, though relatively consistent, effect on adjusting the relation between numbers of nests found on ground surveys versus numbers of birds seen during aerial surveys. We also suggest a method that managers could use to predict nests per female using nest success of early nests. Our model predicted that relative to observed estimates of nest success, female success was 32&ndash;100% greater, due to replacement nests. Thus, although nest success remains low, production for duskies was higher than previously thought. For dusky Canada geese, managers need to consider both continuation nests and renests in designing surveys and in calculating adjustment factors for the expansion of aerial survey data using nest densities.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[955:RBDCGO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fondell, T.F., Grand, J.B., Miller, D.A., and Anthony, R.M., 2006, Renesting by dusky Canada geese on the Copper River Delta, Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 4, p. 955-964, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[955:RBDCGO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"955","endPage":"964","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258065,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[955:RBDCGO]2.0.CO;2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Copper River Delta","volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa73fe4b0c8380cd852e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fondell, Thomas F. tfondell@usgs.gov","contributorId":50771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"Thomas","email":"tfondell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, David A.W. davidmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":4043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"davidmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":355611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anthony, R. Michael","contributorId":16057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5200328,"text":"5200328 - 2006 - Chemical and ecological health of white sucker (Catostomus Commersoni) in Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., 2003?04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:26","indexId":"5200328","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:22","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":212,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5140.","title":"Chemical and ecological health of white sucker (Catostomus Commersoni) in Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., 2003?04","docAbstract":"Several classes of chemicals that are known or suspected contaminants were found in bed sediment in Rock Creek, including polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalate esters, organochlorine pesticides, dioxins and furans, trace metals and metalloids (mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, silver, and zinc), and polychlorinated biphenyls (total PCBs and selected aroclors).  Concentrations of many of these chemicals consistently exceeded thresholdor chronic-effects guidelines for the protection of aquatic life and often exceeded probable effects levels (PELs).  Exceedance of PELs was dependent on the amount of total organic carbon in the sediments.     Concurrent with the collection of sediment-quality data, white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) were evaluated for gross-external and internal-organ anomalies, whole-body burdens of chemical contaminants, and gut contents to determine prey.  The histopathology of internal tissues of white sucker was compared to contaminant levels in fish tissue and bed sediment.  Gut contents were examined to determine preferential prey and thus potential pathways for the bioaccumulation of chemicals from bed sediments.  Male and female fish were tested separately.  Lesions and other necroses were observed in all fish collected during both years of sample collection, indicating that fish in Rock Creek have experienced some form of environmental stress.  No direct cause and effect was determined for chemical exposure and compromised fish health, but a substantial weight of evidence indicates that white sucker, which are bottom-feeding fish and low-order consumers in Rock Creek, are experiencing some reduction in vitality, possibly due to immunosuppression.  Abnormalities observed in gonads of both sexes of white sucker and observations of abnormal behavior during spawning indicated some interruption in reproductive success.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey.","collaboration":"  PDF on file: 6827_Miller.pdf  4.25 MB","usgsCitation":"Miller, C., Weyers, H., Blazer, V., and Freeman, M., 2006, Chemical and ecological health of white sucker (Catostomus Commersoni) in Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., 2003?04: Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5140., v, 37.","productDescription":"v, 37","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e489c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, C.V.","contributorId":41026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"C.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weyers, H.S.","contributorId":8592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weyers","given":"H.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, M.E.","contributorId":93604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":79935,"text":"sir20065303 - 2006 - Geochemical Characterization of Mine Waste, Mine Drainage, and Stream Sediments at the Pike Hill Copper Mine Superfund Site, Orange County, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:39:14","indexId":"sir20065303","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5303","title":"Geochemical Characterization of Mine Waste, Mine Drainage, and Stream Sediments at the Pike Hill Copper Mine Superfund Site, Orange County, Vermont","docAbstract":"The Pike Hill Copper Mine Superfund Site in the Vermont copper belt consists of the abandoned Smith, Eureka, and Union mines, all of which exploited Besshi-type massive sulfide deposits. The site was listed on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) National Priorities List in 2004 due to aquatic ecosystem impacts. This study was intended to be a precursor to a formal remedial investigation by the USEPA, and it focused on the characterization of mine waste, mine drainage, and stream sediments. A related study investigated the effects of the mine drainage on downstream surface waters. The potential for mine waste and drainage to have an adverse impact on aquatic ecosystems, on drinking- water supplies, and to human health was assessed on the basis of mineralogy, chemical concentrations, acid generation, and potential for metals to be leached from mine waste and soils. The results were compared to those from analyses of other Vermont copper belt Superfund sites, the Elizabeth Mine and Ely Copper Mine, to evaluate if the waste material at the Pike Hill Copper Mine was sufficiently similar to that of the other mine sites that USEPA can streamline the evaluation of remediation technologies. Mine-waste samples consisted of oxidized and unoxidized sulfidic ore and waste rock, and flotation-mill tailings. These samples contained as much as 16 weight percent sulfides that included chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and sphalerite. During oxidation, sulfides weather and may release potentially toxic trace elements and may produce acid. In addition, soluble efflorescent sulfate salts were identified at the mines; during rain events, the dissolution of these salts contributes acid and metals to receiving waters. Mine waste contained concentrations of cadmium, copper, and iron that exceeded USEPA Preliminary Remediation Goals. The concentrations of selenium in mine waste were higher than the average composition of eastern United States soils. Most mine waste was potentially acid generating because of paste-pH values of less than 4 and negative net-neutralization potentials (NNP). The processed flotation-mill tailings, however, had a near neutral paste pH, positive NNP, and a few weight percent calcite. Leachate tests indicated that elements and compounds such as Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, SO4, and Zn were leached from mine waste in concentrations that exceeded aquatic ecosystem and drinking-water standards. Mine waste from the Pike Hill mines was chemically and mineralogically similar to that from the Elizabeth and Ely mines. In addition, metals were leached and acid was produced from mine waste from the Pike Hill mines in comparable concentrations to those from the Elizabeth and Ely mines, although the host rock of the Pike Hill deposits contains significant amounts of carbonate minerals and, thus, a greater acid-neutralizing capacity when compared to the host rocks of the Elizabeth and Ely deposits.\r\n\r\nWater samples collected from unimpacted parts of the Waits River watershed generally contained lower amounts of metals compared to water samples from mine drainage, were alkaline, and had a neutral pH, which was likely because of calcareous bedrock. Seeps and mine pools at the mine site had acidic to neutral pH, ranged from oxic to anoxic, and generally contained concentrations of metals, for example, aluminum, cadmium, copper, iron, and zinc, that exceeded aquatic toxicity standards or drinking-water standards, or both. Surface waters directly downstream of the Eureka and Union mines were acidic, as indicated by pH values from 3.1 to 4.2, and contained high concentrations of some elements including as much as 11,400 micrograms per liter (?g/L) Al, as much as 22.9 ?g/L Cd, as much as 6,790 ?g/L Cu, as much as 23,300 ?g/L Fe, as much as 1,400 ?g/L Mn, and as much as 3,570 ?g/L Zn. The concentrations of these elements exceeded water-quality guidelines. Generally, in surface waters, the pH increased and the concentrations of these elemen","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20065303","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Piatak, N., Seal, R., Hammarstrom, J.M., Kiah, R.G., Deacon, J.R., Adams, M., Anthony, M.W., Briggs, P.H., and Jackson, J.C., 2006, Geochemical Characterization of Mine Waste, Mine Drainage, and Stream Sediments at the Pike Hill Copper Mine Superfund Site, Orange County, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5303, viii, 120 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065303.","productDescription":"viii, 120 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9656,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5303/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae9bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M.","contributorId":23621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammarstrom, Jane M. 0000-0003-2742-3460 jhammars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3460","contributorId":1226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","email":"jhammars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kiah, Richard G. 0000-0001-6236-2507 rkiah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6236-2507","contributorId":2637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiah","given":"Richard","email":"rkiah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Deacon, Jeffrey R. 0000-0001-5793-6940 jrdeacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-6940","contributorId":2786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deacon","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrdeacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Adams, Monique madams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Monique","email":"madams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anthony, Michael W. manthony@usgs.gov","contributorId":1232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Michael","email":"manthony@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":30973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jackson, John C. jjackson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"John","email":"jjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":79756,"text":"sir20065150 - 2006 - Organic Compounds and Trace Elements in Fish Tissue and Bed Sediment in the Delaware River Basin, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, and Delaware, 1998-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:24","indexId":"sir20065150","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5150","title":"Organic Compounds and Trace Elements in Fish Tissue and Bed Sediment in the Delaware River Basin, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, and Delaware, 1998-2000","docAbstract":"As part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program activities in the Delaware River Basin (DELR), samples of fish tissue from 21 sites and samples of bed sediment from 35 sites were analyzed for a suite of organic compounds and trace elements. The sampling sites, within subbasins ranging in size from 11 to 600 square miles, were selected to represent 5 main land-use categories in the DELR -forest, low-agricultural, agricultural, urban, and mixed use. Samples of both fish tissue and bed sediment were also collected from 4 'large-river' sites that represented drainage areas ranging from 1,300 to 6,800 square miles, areas in which the land is used for a variety of purposes.\r\n\r\nOne or more of the organochlorine compounds-DDT and chlordane metabolites, polychlorinated biphenyls (total PCBs), and dieldrin- were detected frequently in samples collected over a wide geographic area. One or more of these compounds were detected in fish-tissue samples from 92 percent of the sites and in bed-sediment samples from 82 percent of the sites. Concentrations of total DDT, total chlordanes, total PCBs, and dieldrin in whole white suckers and in bed sediment were significantly related to urban/industrial basin characteristics, such as percentage of urban land use and population density.\r\n\r\nSemi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs)-total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total phthalates, and phenols- were detected frequently in bed-sediment samples. All three types of SVOCs were detected in samples from at least one site in each land-use category. The highest detection rates and concentrations typically were in samples from sites in the urban and mixed land-use categories, as well as from the large-river sites. Concentrations of total PAHs and total phthalates in bed-sediment samples were found to be statistically related to percentages of urban land use and to population density in the drainage areas represented by the sampling sites.\r\n\r\nThe samples of fish tissue and bed sediment collected throughout the DELR were analyzed for a large suite of trace elements, but results of the analyses for eight elements-arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, mercury, and zinc- that are considered contaminants of concern are described in this report. One or more of the eight trace elements were detected in samples from every fish tissue and bed-sediment sampling site, and all of the trace elements were detected in samples from 97 percent of the bed-sediment sites.\r\n\r\nThe concentrations of organic compounds and trace elements in the DELR samples were compared to applicable guidelines for the protection of wildlife and other biological organisms. Concentrations of total DDT, total chlordanes, total PCBs, and dieldrin in fish-tissue samples from 14 sites exceeded one or more of the Wildlife Protective Guidelines established by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Concentrations of one or more organic compounds in samples from 16 bed-sediment sites exceeded the Threshold Effects Concentrations (TEC) of the Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines, and concentrations of one or more of the eight trace elements in samples from 38 bed-sediment sites exceeded the TEC. (The TEC is the concentration below which adverse biological effects in freshwater ecosystems are expected to be rare.) Concentrations of organic compounds in samples from some bed-sediment sites exceeded the Canadian Probable Effects Concentrations (PEC), and concentrations of trace elements in samples from 18 sites exceeded the PEC. (The PEC is the concentration above which adverse effects to biological organisms are expected to occur frequently).\r\n\r\nConcentrations of organic compounds and trace elements in samples from the DELR were compared to similar data from other NAWQA study units in the northeastern United States and also data from the Mobile River (Alabama) Basin and the Northern Rockies Intermontane Basin study units. Median concentrations of to","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065150","usgsCitation":"Romanok, K., Fischer, J., Riva-Murray, K., Brightbill, R., and Bilger, M., 2006, Organic Compounds and Trace Elements in Fish Tissue and Bed Sediment in the Delaware River Basin, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, and Delaware, 1998-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5150, xii, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065150.","productDescription":"xii, 70 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9431,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5150/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.5,39 ], [ -76.5,42.5 ], [ -74,42.5 ], [ -74,39 ], [ -76.5,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db691119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romanok, Kristin M. kromanok@usgs.gov","contributorId":3771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanok","given":"Kristin M.","email":"kromanok@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2996-9272 fischer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jeffrey M.","email":"fischer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riva-Murray, Karen","contributorId":85650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riva-Murray","given":"Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brightbill, Robin","contributorId":93150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brightbill","given":"Robin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bilger, Michael","contributorId":33802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bilger","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":79630,"text":"sir20065265 - 2006 - Sedimentation in Goose Pasture Tarn, 1965-2005, Breckenridge, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:20","indexId":"sir20065265","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5265","title":"Sedimentation in Goose Pasture Tarn, 1965-2005, Breckenridge, Colorado","docAbstract":"Goose Pasture Tarn, a 771-acre-foot reservoir in Summit County, Colorado, is the principal domestic water-storage facility for the Town of Breckenridge and collects runoff from approximately 42 square miles of the upper Blue River watershed. In the 40 years since the reservoir was constructed, deltaic deposits have accumulated at the mouths of two perennial streams that provide most of the inflow and sediment to the reservoir. The Blue River is a low-gradient braided channel and transports gravel- to silt-size sediment. Indiana Creek is a steep-gradient channel that transports boulder- to silt-size sediment. Both deltas are composed predominantly of gravel, sand, and silt, but silt has been deposited throughout the reservoir. In 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Town of Breckenridge, began a study to determine the volume of accumulated sediment in Goose Pasture Tarn, the long-term sedimentation rate for the reservoir, and the particle-size and chemical characteristics of the sediment.\r\n\r\nExposed delta deposits occupied 0.91 acre and had an estimated volume of 0.6 acre-foot in 2005. Aerial photographic analysis indicated both the Blue River and Indiana Creek deltas grew rapidly during time intervals that included larger-than-average annual flood peaks on the Blue River. Sediment-transport relations could not be developed for the Blue River or Indiana Creek because of minimal streamflow and infrequently observed sediment transport during the study; however, suspended-sediment loads ranged from 0.02 to 1.60 tons per day in the Blue River and from 0.06 to 1.55 tons per day in Indiana Creek. Bedload as a percentage of total load ranged from 9 to 27 percent. \r\n\r\nNew reservoir stage-area and stage-capacity relations were developed from bathymetric and topographic surveys of the reservoir bed. The original 1965 reservoir bed topography and the accumulated sediment thickness were estimated from a seismic survey and manual probing. The surface area of Goose Pasture Tarn in 2005 was 66.4 acres, and the reservoir capacity was 771.1 acre-feet at a full-pool elevation of 9,886.4 feet. The 1965 surface area was 67.1 acres, and the reservoir capacity was 818.0 acre-feet, indicating that the reservoir surface area has decreased by 0.7 acre, or about 1.1 percent, and the reservoir capacity has decreased by 46.9 acre-feet, or about 5.7 percent over a 40-year period. \r\n\r\nSediment thickness determined with seismic profiling ranged from 0 to 4.0 feet and averaged 0.7 foot, with lesser thicknesses in the deeper parts of the reservoir and greater thicknesses near the deltas. Probe-determined sediment thickness ranged from 1.0 to 4.4 feet and averaged 2.8 feet near the Blue River delta and ranged from 0.3 to 6.0 feet and averaged 3.6 feet near the Indiana Creek delta. Approximately 47.5 acre-feet of sediment has accumulated in Goose Pasture Tarn and in the Blue River and Indiana Creek deltas, or an average of 1.19 acre-feet per year.\r\n\r\nSediment cores from several locations in the reservoir showed stratification, which is indicative of different depositional dates or mechanisms. Metal and trace-constituent levels from the cores were compared with three standards. Silver, cadmium, europium, lead, and zinc were present in greater concentrations than Southern Rocky Mountain background levels in four sediment cores, and cadmium, lead, and zinc levels also were equal to or exceeded the Threshold Effect Concentration standards. Lead exceeded the Probable Effect Concentration standard in silt from the Blue River delta and deep water near the north shore. Tin was present in greater concentrations than Southern Rocky Mountain background levels in deep water near the east shore, and chromium and copper levels were equal to or exceeded the Threshold Effect Concentration standards in these cores.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065265","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Town of Breckenridge, Colorado","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J.G., Char, S.J., Linhart, S.M., Stephens, V.C., and O’Neill, G.B., 2006, Sedimentation in Goose Pasture Tarn, 1965-2005, Breckenridge, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5265, iv, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065265.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"49","temporalStart":"1965-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5265.jpg"},{"id":9259,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5265/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbc94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, John G. jelliott@usgs.gov","contributorId":832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"John","email":"jelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Char, Stephen J. sjchar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Char","given":"Stephen","email":"sjchar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Linhart, Samuel M.","contributorId":10498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linhart","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stephens, V. Cory","contributorId":50239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"Cory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Neill, Gregory B.","contributorId":104994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":79588,"text":"sir20065261 - 2006 - Arsenic, Boron, and Fluoride Concentrations in Ground Water in and Near Diabase Intrusions, Newark Basin, Southeastern Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T13:49:39","indexId":"sir20065261","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5261","title":"Arsenic, Boron, and Fluoride Concentrations in Ground Water in and Near Diabase Intrusions, Newark Basin, Southeastern Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"During an investigation in 2000 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) of possible contaminant releases from an industrial facility on Congo Road near Gilbertsville in Berks and Montgomery Counties, southeastern Pennsylvania, concentrations of arsenic and fluoride above USEPA drinking-water standards of 10 ?g/L and 4 mg/L, respectively, and of boron above the USEPA health advisory level of 600 ?g/L were measured in ground water in an area along the northwestern edge of the Newark Basin. In 2003, the USEPA requested technical assistance from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to help identify sources of arsenic, boron, and fluoride in the ground water in the Congo Road area, which included possible anthropogenic releases and naturally occurring mineralization in the local bedrock aquifer, and to identify other areas in the Newark Basin of southeastern Pennsylvania with similarly elevated concentrations of these constituents. The USGS reviewed available data and collected additional ground-water samples in the Congo Road area and four similar hydrogeologic settings. \r\n\r\nThe Newark Basin is the largest of the 13 major exposed Mesozoic rift basins that stretch from Nova Scotia to South Carolina. Rocks in the Newark Basin include Triassic through Jurassic-age sedimentary sequences of sandstones and shales that were intruded by diabase. Mineral deposits of hydrothermal origin are associated with alteration zones bordering intrusions of diabase and also occur as strata-bound replacement deposits of copper and zinc in sedimentary rocks. \r\n\r\nThe USGS review of data available in 2003 showed that water from about 10 percent of wells throughout the Newark Basin of southeastern Pennsylvania had concentrations of arsenic greater than the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 ?g/L; the highest reported arsenic concentration was at about 70 ?g/L. Few data on boron were available, and the highest reported boron concentration in well-water samples was 60 ?g/L in contrast to concentrations over 5,000 ?g/L in the Congo Road area. Although concentrations of fluoride up to 4 mg/L were reported for a few well-water samples collected throughout the Newark Basin, about 90 percent of the samples had concentrations of 0.5 mg/L or less. \r\n\r\nThe USGS sampled 58 wells primarily in 5 areas in the Newark Basin, southeastern Pennsylvania, from February 2004 through April 2005 to identify other possible areas of elevated arsenic, boron, and fluoride and to characterize the geochemical environment associated with elevated concentrations of these constituents. Sampled wells included 12 monitor wells at an industrial facility near Congo Road, 45 private-supply wells in Berks, Montgomery, and Bucks Counties, and 1 private-supply well near Dillsburg, York County, an area where elevated fluoride in ground water had been reported in the adjacent Gettysburg Basin. Wells were sampled in transects from the diabase through the adjacent hornfels and into the unaltered shales of the Brunswick Group. Field measurements were made of pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and specific conductance. Samples were analyzed in the laboratory for major ions, nutrients, total organic carbon, dissolved and total concentrations of selected trace elements, and boron isotopic composition. \r\n\r\nGenerally, the ground water from the 46 private-supply wells had relatively neutral to alkaline pH (ranging from 6.1 to 9.1) and moderate concentrations of dissolved oxygen. Most water samples were of the calcium-bicarbonate type. Concentrations of arsenic up to 60 ?g/L, boron up to 3,950 ?g/L, and fluoride up to 0.70 mg/L were measured. Drinking-water standards or health advisories (for constituents that do not have standards established) were exceeded most frequently (about 20 percent of samples) for arsenic and boron and less frequently (6 percent or less of samples) for total iron, manganese, sulfate, nitrate, lead, molybdenum, and strontium. In water from 12 monitor","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065261","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Senior, L.A., and Sloto, R.A., 2006, Arsenic, Boron, and Fluoride Concentrations in Ground Water in and Near Diabase Intrusions, Newark Basin, Southeastern Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5261, x, 105 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065261.","productDescription":"x, 105 p.","numberOfPages":"115","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9207,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5261/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.0,40.0 ], [ -76.0,41.0 ], [ -74.30,41.0 ], [ -74.30,40.0 ], [ -76.0,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672ce7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senior, Lisa A. 0000-0003-2629-1996 lasenior@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-1996","contributorId":2150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senior","given":"Lisa","email":"lasenior@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sloto, Ronald A. rasloto@usgs.gov","contributorId":424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"Ronald","email":"rasloto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79538,"text":"ofr20061375 - 2006 - Mineral Facilities of Latin America and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:22","indexId":"ofr20061375","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1375","title":"Mineral Facilities of Latin America and Canada","docAbstract":"This data set consists of records for over 900 mineral facilities in Latin America and Canada. The mineral facilities include mines, plants, smelters, or refineries of aluminum, cement, coal, copper, diamond, gold, iron and steel, nickel, platinum-group metals, salt, and silver, among others. Records include attributes such as commodity, country, location, company name, facility type and capacity if applicable, and generalized coordinates. The data were compiled from multiple sources, including the 2003 and 2004 USGS Minerals Yearbooks (Latin America and Candada volume), data to be published in the 2005 Minerals Yearbook Latin America and Canada Volume, minerals statistics and information from the USGS minerals information Web site (minerals.usgs.gov/minerals), and data collected by USGS minerals information country specialists. Data reflect the most recent published table of industry structure for each country. Other sources include statistical publications of individual countries, annual reports and press releases of operating companies,and trade journals. Due to the sensitivity of some energy commodity data, the quality of these data should be evaluated on a country-by-country basis. Additional information and explanation is available from the country specialists.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061375","usgsCitation":"Bernstein, R., Eros, M., and Quintana-Velazquez, M., 2006, Mineral Facilities of Latin America and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1375, map, 42 by 60 inches; data set, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061375.","productDescription":"map, 42 by 60 inches; data set","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":194618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9244,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1375/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"6000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63578c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernstein, Rachel","contributorId":45580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernstein","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eros, Mike","contributorId":39243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eros","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quintana-Velazquez, Meliany","contributorId":9526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quintana-Velazquez","given":"Meliany","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79330,"text":"ofr20061121 - 2006 - Surface-Water Quantity and Quality of the Upper Milwaukee River, Cedar Creek, and Root River Basins, Wisconsin, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:20","indexId":"ofr20061121","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1121","title":"Surface-Water Quantity and Quality of the Upper Milwaukee River, Cedar Creek, and Root River Basins, Wisconsin, 2004","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission (SEWRPC), collected discharge and water-quality data at nine sites in previously monitored areas of the upper Milwaukee River, Cedar Creek, and Root River Basins, in Wisconsin from May 1 through November 15, 2004. The data were collected for calibration of hydrological models that will be used to simulate how various management strategies will affect the water quality of streams. The data also will support SEWRPC and Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD) managers in development of the SEWRPC Regional Water Quality Management Plan and the MMSD 2020 Facilities Plan. These management plans will provide a scientific basis for future management decisions regarding development and maintenance of public and private waste-disposal systems.\r\n\r\nIn May 2004, parts of the study area received over 13 inches of precipitation (3.06 inches is normal). In June 2004, most of the study area received between 7 and 11 inches of rainfall (3.56 inches is normal). This excessive rainfall caused flooding throughout the study area and resultant high discharges were measured at all nine monitoring sites. For example, the mean daily discharge recorded at the Cedar Creek site on May 27, 2004, was 2,120 cubic feet per second. This discharge ranked ninth of the largest 10 mean daily discharges in the 75-year record, and was the highest discharge recorded since March 30, 1960. Discharge records from continuous monitoring on the Root River Canal near Franklin since October 1, 1963, indicated that the discharge recorded on May 23, 2004, ranked second highest on record, and was the highest discharge recorded since March 4, 1974.\r\n\r\nWater-quality samples were taken during two base-flow events and six storm events at each of the nine sites. Analysis of water-quality data indicated that most concentrations of dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, fecal coliform bacteria, chloride, suspended solids, nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved orthophosphorus, total copper, particulate mercury, dissolved mercury, particulate methylmercury, dissolved methylmercury, and total zinc were below U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and State of Wisconsin water-quality standards at all sites, with the exception of dissolved oxygen at the Kewaskum, Farmington, Root River Canal, Root River Racine, and Root River Mouth sites. Each of these sites had from several days to several weeks of daily average dissolved oxygen concentrations below the 5 milligrams per liter State of Wisconsin standard for aquatic life. The lowest dissolved oxygen concentrations were measured at the heavily urbanized Root River Mouth site in downtown Racine, Wisconsin, where elevated concentrations of ammonia may have contributed to oxygen consumption during oxidation of ammonia to nitrate. Additionally, the maximum concentrations of copper in several Root River samples exceeded draft USEPA Ambient Water-Quality Criteria (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2003) for acute toxicity to several species of aquatic organisms.\r\n\r\nSubstantial water-quality changes were not correlated with hydrologic changes at any of the nine sites. Base-flow water-quality was generally indistinguishable from that sampled during storm events. The sparsely developed upper Milwaukee River and Cedar Creek Basins had relatively low ranges of contamination for all laboratory-reported parameters. For all nine sites, the highest reported concentrations of chloride (216 mg/L), total phosphorus (0.627 mg/L), ortho-phosphorus (0.136 mg/L), nitrate plus nitrate (9.32 mg/L), and copper (38 ?g/L) were reported for samples collected at the Root River Canal site. The highest concentrations of fecal coliforms (3,600 colonies per 100 mL) and Escherichia coli (2,300 colonies per 100 mL) were reported in samples collected at Kewaskum. The highest concentrations of s","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061121","usgsCitation":"Hall, D.W., 2006, Surface-Water Quantity and Quality of the Upper Milwaukee River, Cedar Creek, and Root River Basins, Wisconsin, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1121, viii, 52 p.; 28 figs.; 14 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061121.","productDescription":"viii, 52 p.; 28 figs.; 14 tables","numberOfPages":"60","temporalStart":"2004-05-01","temporalEnd":"2004-11-15","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8819,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1121/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68acf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, David W.","contributorId":39362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}