No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051279","usgsCitation":"Moon, E., Shouse, M.K., Parcheso, F., Thompson, J.K., Luoma, S.N., Cain, D.J., and Hornberger, M.I., 2005, Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto regional water quality control plant in south San Francisco Bay, California: 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1279, 118 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051279.","productDescription":"118 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6639,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1279/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.02490234375,\n 37.31775185163688\n ],\n [\n -121.70654296874999,\n 37.31775185163688\n ],\n [\n -121.70654296874999,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -123.02490234375,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -123.02490234375,\n 37.31775185163688\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697f81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moon, Edward","contributorId":60309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moon","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shouse, Michelle K. mkshouse@usgs.gov","contributorId":5407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shouse","given":"Michelle","email":"mkshouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parcheso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":2590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcheso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70987,"text":"sir20055159 - 2005 - Hydrogeologic framework and water quality of the Vermont Army National Guard Ethan Allen Firing Range, northern Vermont, October 2002 through December 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:46","indexId":"sir20055159","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5159","title":"Hydrogeologic framework and water quality of the Vermont Army National Guard Ethan Allen Firing Range, northern Vermont, October 2002 through December 2003","docAbstract":"The Ethan Allen Firing Range of the Vermont Army National Guard is a weapons-testing and training facility in a mountainous region of Vermont that has been in operation for about 80 years. The hydrologic framework and water quality of the facility were assessed between October 2002 and December 2003. As part of the study, streamflow was continuously measured in the Lee River and 24 observation wells were installed at 19 locations in the stratified drift and bedrock aquifers to examine the hydrogeology. Chemical analyses of surface water, ground water, streambed sediment, and fish tissue were collected to assess major ions, trace elements, nutrients, and volatile and semivolatile compounds. Sampling included 5 surface-water sites sampled during moderate and low-flow conditions; streambed-sediment samples collected at the 5 surface-water sites; fish-tissue samples collected at 3 of the 5 surface-water sites; macroinvertebrates collected at 4 of the 5 surface-water sites; and ground-water samples collected from 10 observation wells, and samples collected at all surface- and ground-water sites. \r\n\r\nThe hydrogeologic framework at the Ethan Allen Firing Range is dominated by the upland mountain and valley setting of the site. Bedrock wells yield low to moderate amounts of water \r\n(0 to 23 liters per minute). In the narrow river valleys, layered stratified-drift deposits of sand and gravel of up to 18 meters thick fill the Lee River and Mill Brook Valleys. In these deposits, the water table is generally within 3 meters below the land surface and overall ground-water flow is from east to west.\r\n\r\nStreamflow in the Lee River averaged 0.72 cubic meters per second (25.4 cubic feet per second) between December 2002 and December 2003. Streams are highly responsive to precipitation events in this mountainous environment and a comparison with other nearby watersheds shows that Lee River maintains relatively high streamflow during dry periods. \r\n\r\nConcentrations of trace elements and nutrients in surface-water samples are well below freshwater-quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Brook-trout samples collected in 1992 and 2003 show trace-metal concentrations have decreased over the past 11 years. concentrations in water samples are well below levels that restrict swimming at all five stream sites at moderate and low-flow conditions and in all observation wells. Comparisons among surface-water, streambed-sediment, and biological samples collected in 2003 to earlier studies at the Ethan Allen Firing Range indicate water-quality conditions are similar or have improved over the past 15 years. \r\n\r\nGround water in the stratified-drift aquifers at the facility is well buffered with relatively high alkalinities and pH greater than 6. Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, uranium, and zinc were below detection levels in ground-water samples. Barium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and strontium were the only trace elements detected in ground-water samples. Cobalt and iron were detected at low levels in two wells near Mill Brook, and copper was detected at the detection limit in one of these wells. These same two wells had concentrations of barium and manganese 2 to 10 times greater than other ground-water samples. Concentrations of nutrients are at or below detection levels in most ground-water samples. Volatile organic compounds and semivolatile organic compounds were not detected in any water samples from the Ethan Allen Firing Range.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055159","usgsCitation":"Clark, S.F., Chalmers, A., Mack, T.J., and Denner, J., 2005, Hydrogeologic framework and water quality of the Vermont Army National Guard Ethan Allen Firing Range, northern Vermont, October 2002 through December 2003 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5159, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055159.","productDescription":"58 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6641,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db6287e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Stewart F. 0000-0001-8841-2728 sclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8841-2728","contributorId":3658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Stewart","email":"sclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chalmers, Ann","contributorId":23604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mack, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0496-3918 tjmack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-3918","contributorId":1677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Thomas","email":"tjmack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denner, Jon C.","contributorId":58591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denner","given":"Jon C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70980,"text":"ds117 - 2005 - Occurrence of selected pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical compounds, and stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios, in a riverbank filtration study, Platte River, Nebraska, 2001 to 2003, Volume 1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T19:39:57.783349","indexId":"ds117","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"117","title":"Occurrence of selected pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical compounds, and stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios, in a riverbank filtration study, Platte River, Nebraska, 2001 to 2003, Volume 1","docAbstract":"Although studied extensively in recent years in Europe, the occurrence of endocrine disrupters and other organic wastewater compounds in the environment in the United States is not well documented. To better understand the efficiency of riverbank filtration with respect to endocrine disrupting compounds and to evaluate the use of riverbank filtration as an effective means of drinking-water treatment, a study was conducted during 2001-2003 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the City of Lincoln, at an established riverbank-filtration well field with horizontal collector wells and vertical wells. This study provides information that will be useful for (1) increased understanding of the processes and factors important in controlling the transport of endocrine disrupters, such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals during riverbank filtration, (2) better understanding of the physical and chemical processes that affect riverbank-filtration efficiency, and (3) managing the water resources of the eastern Platte River Basin. This report presents analytical methods and data collected during the study. Data are presented as generalized statistics and in figures showing temporal variations.
Sites from which water-quality samples were collected for this study included wastewater sites (a cattle feedlot lagoon, a hog confinement lagoon, and wastewater-treatment plant effluent), surface-water sites (Platte River, Salt Creek, and Loup Power Canal), ground-water sites (one collector well and three vertical wells), and drinking-water sites (raw and finished). Field water-quality properties were measured in samples from these sites.
Pharmaceutical compounds were detected often in the wastewater-treatment plant effluent. Surface and ground water showed low-level concentrations of pharmaceuticals. Finished drinking-water samples did not contain detectable concentrations of pharmaceuticals except for low levels of cotinine and caffeine. Antibiotics were found in some of the wastewater samples and twice in Salt Creek. Antibiotics were not detected in any samples from the Platte River or the well field.
Surface-water samples were analyzed for total organic carbon and ground-water samples were analyzed for dissolved organic carbon. Samples from all sites were analyzed for major ions. Herbicides commonly detected in surface, ground, and drinking water included acetachlor, alachlor, atrazine, and metolachlor as well as degradates of these compounds. Most of the samples from wastewater sites were found to contain predominantly acetamide degradates. High concentrations of several organic wastewater indicator compounds were detected at the wastewater sites and in Salt Creek. Several organic wastewater indicator compounds were detected multiple times in samples from the Platte River. Bromoform, a by-product of disinfection in the treatment plant, was found in samples from the finished drinking water.
Stable hydrogen isotope ratios show a range in seasonal variation of -73.6 per mill to -38.1 per mill relative to Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW) reference water and -69.2 per mill to -46.5 per mill for surface water and ground water, respectively. Oxygen isotope ratios for surface-water samples varied between -9.86 per mill and -5.05 per mill. Stable oxygen isotope ratios of ground waters varied between -9.62 per mill and -5.81 per mill.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds117","usgsCitation":"Vogel, J.R., Verstraeten, I., Coplen, T., Furlong, E., Meyer, M.T., and Barber, L.B., 2005, Occurrence of selected pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical compounds, and stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios, in a riverbank filtration study, Platte River, Nebraska, 2001 to 2003, Volume 1: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 117, v, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds117.","productDescription":"v, 64 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6637,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2005/117/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":407735,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_73947.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.39198303222656,\n 40.9855999586963\n ],\n [\n -96.25808715820312,\n 40.9855999586963\n ],\n [\n -96.25808715820312,\n 41.10263873253247\n ],\n [\n -96.39198303222656,\n 41.10263873253247\n ],\n [\n -96.39198303222656,\n 40.9855999586963\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f29ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogel, J. R.","contributorId":21639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verstraeten, Ingrid M.","contributorId":61033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verstraeten","given":"Ingrid M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70175186,"text":"70175186 - 2005 - River chemistry as a monitor of Yosemite Park mountain hydroclimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T08:42:46","indexId":"70175186","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River chemistry as a monitor of Yosemite Park mountain hydroclimates","docAbstract":"High-frequency, high-altitude measurements of water chemistry provide insights into processes relating to the hydrology, climate, and geochemistry of mountain catchments. When such observations are combined with stream stage, temperature, snow, weather, and other surface hydroclimate measurements, they are particularly useful in allowing connections between climate, river discharge, river chemistry, and ecosystems to be discerned.
\nClimate is the major source of variability in U.S. and global water resources. For example, large-scale variations in the global atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean are responsible for much of the variability in river discharge in Hawaii, Alaska, the U.S. Pacific Northwest, and the U.S. Southwest [Cayan and Peterson, 1989], and thus are closely linked to water and energy resources of the western United States [Cayan et al., 2003].
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2005EO310001","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D., Smith, R., Hager, S., Hicke, J.A., Dettinger, M., and Huber, 2005, River chemistry as a monitor of Yosemite Park mountain hydroclimates: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 86, no. 31, p. 285-288, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005EO310001.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"288","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005eo310001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c433e4b006cb45552c3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, David","contributorId":15287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Richard","contributorId":34172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hager, Stephen","contributorId":54678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hicke, Jeffrey A.","contributorId":87832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicke","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":147804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huber","contributorId":173319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huber","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70960,"text":"ofr20051208 - 2005 - The Thames science plan: suggested hydrologic investigations to support nutrient-related water-quality improvements in the Thames River basin, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:48","indexId":"ofr20051208","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1208","title":"The Thames science plan: suggested hydrologic investigations to support nutrient-related water-quality improvements in the Thames River basin, Connecticut","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051208","usgsCitation":"Todd Trench, E.C., 2005, The Thames science plan: suggested hydrologic investigations to support nutrient-related water-quality improvements in the Thames River basin, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1208, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051208.","productDescription":"54 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6614,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2005-1208/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a7b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd Trench, Elaine C.","contributorId":88031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd Trench","given":"Elaine","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70900,"text":"sir20055033 - 2005 - Status of and changes in water quality monitored for the Idaho statewide surface-water-quality network, 1989—2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-04T10:22:04","indexId":"sir20055033","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5033","title":"Status of and changes in water quality monitored for the Idaho statewide surface-water-quality network, 1989—2002","docAbstract":"The Idaho statewide surface-water-quality monitoring network consists of 56 sites that have been monitored from 1989 through 2002 to provide data to document status and changes in the quality of Idaho streams. Sampling at 33 sites has covered a wide range of flows and seasons that describe water-quality variations representing both natural conditions and human influences. Targeting additional high- or low-flow sampling would better describe conditions at 20 sites during hydrologic extremes. At the three spring site types, sampling covered the range of flow conditions from 1989 through 2002 well. However, high flows at these sites since 1989 were lower than historical high flows as a result of declining ground-water levels in the Snake River Plain.\n\nSummertime stream temperatures at 45 sites commonly exceeded 19 and 22 degrees Celsius, the Idaho maximum daily mean and daily maximum criteria, respectively, for the protection of coldwater aquatic life. Criteria exceedances in stream basins with minimal development suggest that such high temperatures may occur naturally in many Idaho streams.\n\nSuspended-sediment concentrations were generally higher in southern Idaho than in central and northern Idaho, and network data suggest that the turbidity criteria are most likely to be exceeded at sites in southern Idaho and other sections of the Columbia Plateaus geomorphic province. This is probably because this province has more fine-grained soils that are subject to erosion and disturbance by land uses than the Northern Rocky Mountains province of northern and central\nIdaho has. Although erodable soils are likely a cause of elevated turbidities, suspended-sediment concentrations were not strongly correlated with turbidities.\n\nDissolved-solids and hardness concentrations were strongly correlated. This is probably because the limestones present in some basins are more soluble than the igneous rocks that predominate in others. Low hardness in streams of northern Idaho, where watersheds are underlain by resistant igneous rocks, enhances the toxicity of some trace elements to aquatic life in these streams.\n\nOnly a few measurements of dissolved-oxygen concentrations at six sites were less than 6.0 milligrams per liter, the Idaho minimum criterion for protection of aquatic organisms. High supersaturations of dissolved oxygen at four sites suggest excessive photosynthetic activity by algal communities. Nighttime monitoring would help determine whether dissolved-oxygen concentrations at these sites might fall below the Idaho criterion. Data from four sites suggest that dissolved-oxygen concentrations may have decreased over time.\n\nThe pH at 15 sites sometimes fell outside the range specified (6.5-9.0) for the protection of aquatic organisms in Idaho streams. Values exceeded 9.0 at 10 sites, probably because of excessive algal photosynthetic activity in waters where carbonate rocks are present. Values were sometimes less than 6.5 at five sites in areas of mountain bedrock geology where pH is likely to be naturally low. Mining activities also may contribute to low pH at some of these sites.\n\nInorganic nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations commonly exceeded those considered sufficient for supporting excess algal production (0.3 and 0.1 milligrams per liter, respectively). Data from a few sites suggest that nitrogen and(or) phosphorus concentrations might be changing over time. Low concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus at six sites, most representing forested basins, might make them good candidates as reference sites that represent naturally occurring nutrient concentrations.\n\nTrace elements examined for this report were cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc. In water, many trace-element concentrations were below the minimum analytical reporting levels. Concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc generally were highest in mined and other mineral-rich basins in northern Idaho. Concentrations of mercury were","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055033","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Idaho Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Hardy, M.A., Parliman, D.J., and O’Dell, I., 2005, Status of and changes in water quality monitored for the Idaho statewide surface-water-quality network, 1989—2002 (Version 1.1, July 7, 2005; Version 1.2, October 25, 2005): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5033, viii, 66 p.; Appendixes A-C, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055033.","productDescription":"viii, 66 p.; Appendixes A-C","numberOfPages":"104","temporalStart":"1989-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262396,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5033/report.pdf"},{"id":262397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5033/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,42 ], [ -117.25,49 ], [ -111,49 ], [ -111,42 ], [ -117.25,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1, July 7, 2005; Version 1.2, October 25, 2005","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df746","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardy, Mark A.","contributorId":50902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardy","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parliman, Deborah J.","contributorId":27942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parliman","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Dell, Ivalou","contributorId":21576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Dell","given":"Ivalou","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70899,"text":"sir20045245 - 2005 - Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 10. Geologic influences on ground and surface waters in the lower Red River watershed, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-16T19:20:01.55527","indexId":"sir20045245","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5245","title":"Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 10. Geologic influences on ground and surface waters in the lower Red River watershed, New Mexico","docAbstract":"This report is one in a series that presents results of an interdisciplinary U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) study of ground-water quality in the lower Red River watershed prior to open-pit and underground molybdenite mining at Molycorp’s Questa mine. The stretch of the Red River watershed that extends from just upstream of the town of Red River, N. Mex., to just above the town of Questa includes several mineralized areas in addition to the one mined by Molycorp. Natural erosion and weathering of pyrite-rich rocks in the mineralized areas has created a series of erosional scars along this stretch of the Red River that contribute acidic waters, as well as mineralized alluvial material and sediments, to the river. The overall goal of the USGS study is to infer the premining ground-water quality at the Molycorp mine site. An integrated geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical model for ground water in the mineralized—but unmined—Straight Creek drainage (a tributary of the Red River) is being used as an analog for the geologic, geochemical, and hydrologic conditions that influenced ground-water quality and quantity in the Red River drainage prior to mining.
This report provides an overall geologic framework for the Red River watershed between Red River and Questa, in northern New Mexico, and summarizes key geologic, mineralogic, structural and other characteristics of various mineralized areas (and their associated erosional scars and debris fans) that likely influence ground- and surface-water quality and hydrology. The premining nature of the Sulphur Gulch and Goat Hill Gulch scars on the Molycorp mine site can be inferred through geologic comparisons with other unmined scars in the Red River drainage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045245","usgsCitation":"Ludington, S., Plumlee, G., Caine, J.S., Bove, D., Holloway, J., and Livo, E., 2005, Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 10. Geologic influences on ground and surface waters in the lower Red River watershed, New Mexico (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5245, iv, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045245.","productDescription":"iv, 41 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402295,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_73601.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":6550,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5245/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Red River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.6500244140625,\n 36.64858894203172\n ],\n [\n -105.33416748046875,\n 36.64858894203172\n ],\n [\n -105.33416748046875,\n 36.767492156196745\n ],\n [\n -105.6500244140625,\n 36.767492156196745\n ],\n [\n -105.6500244140625,\n 36.64858894203172\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludington, Steve","contributorId":106848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plumlee, Geoff","contributorId":16478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bove, Dana","contributorId":97104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bove","given":"Dana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holloway, JoAnn 0000-0003-3603-7668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-7668","contributorId":92752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"JoAnn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Livo, Eric 0000-0001-7331-8130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":52270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70867,"text":"sir20055018 - 2005 - Using tracers to evaluate streamflow gain-loss characteristics of Terror Creek, in the vicinity of a mine-permit area, Delta County, Colorado, water year 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:48","indexId":"sir20055018","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5018","title":"Using tracers to evaluate streamflow gain-loss characteristics of Terror Creek, in the vicinity of a mine-permit area, Delta County, Colorado, water year 2003","docAbstract":"In 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Delta County, initiated a study to characterize streamflow gainloss in a reach of Terror Creek, in the vicinity of a mine-permit area planned for future coal mining. This report describes the methods of the study and includes results from a comparison of two sets of streamflow measurements using tracer techniques following the constant-rate injection method. Two measurement sets were used to characterize the streamflow gain-loss associated with reservoir-supplemented streamflow conditions and with natural base-flow conditions. \r\n\r\nA comparison of the measurement sets indicates that the streamflow gain-loss characteristics of the Terror Creek study reach are consistent between the two hydrologic conditions evaluated. A substantial streamflow gain occurs between measurement locations 4 and 5 in both measurement sets, and streamflow is lost between measurement locations 5 and 7 (measurement set 1, measurement location 6 not visited) and 5 and 6 (measurement set 2). A comparison of the measurement sets above and below the mine-permit area (measurement locations 3 and 7) shows a consistent loss of 0.37 and 0.31 cubic foot per second (representing 5- and 12-percent streamflow losses normalized to measurement location 3) for measurement sets 1 and 2, respectively. This indicates that similar streamflow losses occur both during reservoir-supplemented and natural base-flow conditions, with a mean streamflow loss of 0.34 cubic foot per second for measurement sets 1 and 2.\r\n\r\nFindings from a previous investigation support the observed streamflow loss between measurement locations 3 and 7 in this study. The findings from the previous investigation indicate a streamflow loss of 0.59 cubic foot per second occurs between these measurement locations. \r\n\r\nStatistical testing of the differences in streamflow between measurement locations 3 and 7 indicates that there is a discernible streamflow loss. The p-value of 0.0236 for the parametric paired t-test indicates that there is a 2.36-percent probability of observing a sample mean difference of 0.34 cubic foot per second if the population mean is zero. The p-value of 0.125 for the nonparametric exact Wilcoxon signed rank test indicates that there is a 12.5-percent probability of observing a sample mean difference this large if the population mean is zero.\r\n\r\nThe similarity in streamflow gain-loss between measurement sets indicates that the process controlling streamflow may be the same between the two hydrologic conditions evaluated. Gains between measurement locations 4 and 5 may be related to hyporheic flow from tributaries that were dry during the study. No other obvious sources of surface water were identified during the investigation. The cause for the observed streamflow loss between measurement locations 5 and 6 is unknown but may be related to mapped local faulting, 100 years of coal mining in the area, and aquifer recharge.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055018","usgsCitation":"Williams, C.A., and Leib, K.J., 2005, Using tracers to evaluate streamflow gain-loss characteristics of Terror Creek, in the vicinity of a mine-permit area, Delta County, Colorado, water year 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5018, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055018.","productDescription":"27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2005_5018.jpg"},{"id":6512,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5018/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689115","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Cory A. 0000-0003-1461-7848 cawillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1461-7848","contributorId":689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Cory","email":"cawillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leib, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-0373-0768 kjleib@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-0768","contributorId":701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leib","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjleib@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70870,"text":"sir20055054 - 2005 - Quantification and simulation of metal loading to the Upper Animas River, Eureka to Silverton, San Juan County, Colorado, September 1997 and August 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-05T06:32:53","indexId":"sir20055054","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5054","title":"Quantification and simulation of metal loading to the Upper Animas River, Eureka to Silverton, San Juan County, Colorado, September 1997 and August 1998","docAbstract":"Drainage from abandoned and inactive mines and from naturally mineralized areas in the San Juan Mountains of southern Colorado contributes metals to the upper Animas River near Silverton, Colorado. Tracer-injection studies and associated synoptic sampling were performed along two reaches of the upper Animas River to develop detailed profiles of stream discharge and to locate and quantify sources of metal loading. One tracer-injection study was performed in September 1997 on the Animas River reach from Howardsville to Silverton, and a second study was performed in August 1998 on the stream reach from Eureka to Howardsville. Drainage in the upper Animas River study reaches contributed aluminum, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, sulfate, and zinc to the surface-water system in 1997 and 1998. Colloidal aluminum, dissolved copper, and dissolved zinc were attenuated through a braided stream reach downstream from Eureka. Instream dissolved copper concentrations were lower than the State of Colorado acute and chronic toxicity standards downstream from the braided reach to Silverton. Dissolved iron load and concentrations increased downstream from Howardsville and Arrastra Gulch, and colloidal iron remained constant at low concentrations downstream from Howardsville. Instream sulfate concentrations were lower than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's secondary drinking-water standard of 250 milligrams per liter throughout the two study reaches. \r\n\r\nElevated zinc concentrations are the primary concern for aquatic life in the upper Animas River. In the 1998 Eureka to Howardsville study, instream dissolved zinc load increased downstream from the Forest Queen mine, the Kittimack tailings, and Howardsville. In the 1997 Howardsville to Silverton study, there were four primary areas where zinc load increased. First, was the increase downstream from Howardsville and abandoned mining sites downstream from the Cunningham Gulch confluence, which also was measured during the 1998 study. The second affected reach was downstream from Arrastra Gulch, where the increase in zinc load seems related to a series of right-bank inflows with low pH Quantification and Simulation of Metal Loading to the Upper Animas River, Eureka to Silverton, San Juan County, Colorado, September 1997 and August 1998By Suzanne S. Paschke, Briant A. Kimball, and Robert L. Runkeland elevated dissolved zinc concentrations. A third increase in zinc load occurred 6,100 meters downstream from the 1997 injection site and may have been from ground-water discharge with elevated zinc concentrations based on mass-loading graphs and the lack of visible inflow in the reach. A fourth but lesser dissolved zinc load increase occurred downstream from tailings near the Lackawanna Mill. \r\n\r\nResults of the tracer-injection studies and the effects of potential remediation were analyzed using the one- dimensional stream-transport computer code OTIS. Based on simulation results, instream zinc concentrations downstream from the Kittimack tailings to upstream from Arrastra Gulch would approach 0.16 milligram per liter (the upper limit of acute toxicity for some sensitive aquatic species) if zinc inflow concentrations were reduced by 75 percent in the stream reaches receiving inflow from the Forest Queen mine, the Kittimack tailings, and downstream from Howardsville. However, simulated zinc concentrations downstream from Arrastra Gulch were higher than approximately 0.30 milligram per liter due to numerous visible inflows and assumed ground-water discharge with elevated zinc concentrations in the lower part of the study reach. Remediation of discrete visible inflows seems a viable approach to reducing zinc inflow loads to the upper Animas River. Remediation downstream from Arrastra Gulch is more complicated because ground-water discharge with elevated zinc concentrations seems to contribute to the instream zinc load. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055054","usgsCitation":"Paschke, S.S., Kimball, B.A., and Runkel, R.L., 2005, Quantification and simulation of metal loading to the Upper Animas River, Eureka to Silverton, San Juan County, Colorado, September 1997 and August 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5054, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055054.","productDescription":"81 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6515,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5054/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"San Juan County ","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-107.5857,37.9702],[-107.5786,37.9667],[-107.5721,37.9636],[-107.5632,37.9573],[-107.5584,37.9524],[-107.5549,37.9493],[-107.5502,37.9475],[-107.5361,37.9445],[-107.5319,37.9414],[-107.5324,37.9378],[-107.5347,37.9337],[-107.5352,37.9291],[-107.5351,37.9237],[-107.532,37.9178],[-107.5278,37.9088],[-107.5247,37.9039],[-107.5212,37.9007],[-107.5211,37.8967],[-107.5279,37.8875],[-107.5324,37.8806],[-107.5329,37.8748],[-107.5317,37.8734],[-107.5305,37.8716],[-107.5204,37.8618],[-107.5179,37.8554],[-107.5184,37.8486],[-107.5176,37.84],[-107.5146,37.8342],[-107.5127,37.8288],[-107.5121,37.8265],[-107.5109,37.8256],[-107.5068,37.8243],[-107.491,37.8236],[-107.4828,37.8223],[-107.4757,37.817],[-107.4705,37.8143],[-107.4669,37.8107],[-107.4627,37.8044],[-107.4578,37.7918],[-107.457,37.785],[-107.4581,37.7791],[-107.4666,37.7668],[-107.4677,37.7645],[-107.4695,37.7645],[-107.4777,37.768],[-107.4812,37.7684],[-107.4829,37.7675],[-107.484,37.7648],[-107.4824,37.7407],[-107.4832,37.6374],[-107.6698,37.6372],[-107.6849,37.6375],[-107.6867,37.6375],[-107.9686,37.6377],[-107.9628,37.6401],[-107.96,37.6415],[-107.9583,37.6429],[-107.9572,37.6456],[-107.9572,37.6479],[-107.9579,37.6524],[-107.9604,37.6592],[-107.9629,37.6646],[-107.966,37.6718],[-107.9685,37.6777],[-107.9698,37.6822],[-107.9699,37.6867],[-107.9688,37.6899],[-107.966,37.6936],[-107.9615,37.6977],[-107.9575,37.7005],[-107.9534,37.7024],[-107.9505,37.7029],[-107.9471,37.7029],[-107.9389,37.7017],[-107.936,37.7017],[-107.9331,37.7027],[-107.9274,37.706],[-107.9239,37.7074],[-107.9181,37.7079],[-107.9135,37.7098],[-107.9094,37.7112],[-107.9049,37.7154],[-107.9014,37.7168],[-107.8968,37.7173],[-107.8904,37.717],[-107.8817,37.7162],[-107.8764,37.7163],[-107.8747,37.7172],[-107.873,37.7213],[-107.8726,37.7259],[-107.8733,37.7317],[-107.8717,37.7368],[-107.8684,37.7431],[-107.8644,37.7477],[-107.8627,37.7509],[-107.8622,37.7537],[-107.8629,37.7559],[-107.8641,37.7582],[-107.8659,37.76],[-107.8677,37.7617],[-107.8683,37.7635],[-107.8672,37.7663],[-107.8615,37.7732],[-107.8592,37.7737],[-107.854,37.7742],[-107.8493,37.7734],[-107.8446,37.7721],[-107.8423,37.7721],[-107.84,37.7726],[-107.8354,37.7767],[-107.8275,37.7859],[-107.8224,37.7915],[-107.8213,37.7928],[-107.8225,37.7955],[-107.8268,37.8063],[-107.8263,37.8082],[-107.8258,37.81],[-107.8085,37.8207],[-107.8056,37.8212],[-107.8004,37.8212],[-107.7975,37.8213],[-107.7952,37.8222],[-107.7935,37.8236],[-107.7918,37.8277],[-107.7885,37.8332],[-107.7868,37.8355],[-107.7845,37.8378],[-107.7812,37.8451],[-107.7762,37.8556],[-107.7756,37.857],[-107.7768,37.8592],[-107.7781,37.8615],[-107.7741,37.8656],[-107.7655,37.8739],[-107.7553,37.8845],[-107.7479,37.8923],[-107.7422,37.8982],[-107.7359,37.9038],[-107.7188,37.8977],[-107.7077,37.8955],[-107.7024,37.892],[-107.6977,37.8912],[-107.6942,37.8917],[-107.6897,37.8967],[-107.6879,37.8976],[-107.6862,37.899],[-107.6839,37.9],[-107.681,37.9],[-107.6682,37.9011],[-107.6595,37.9039],[-107.6514,37.9081],[-107.6422,37.9146],[-107.6394,37.9187],[-107.6389,37.9237],[-107.6404,37.9368],[-107.6405,37.9404],[-107.6407,37.9491],[-107.6385,37.9545],[-107.635,37.9586],[-107.6263,37.9588],[-107.6216,37.9588],[-107.6077,37.9636],[-107.5961,37.9669],[-107.588,37.9688],[-107.5857,37.9702]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"San Juan\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db6860b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paschke, Suzanne S.","contributorId":14072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70860,"text":"ofr20051159 - 2005 - Construction, Geology, and Aquifer Testing of the Maalo Road, Aahoaka Hill, and Upper Eleele Tank Monitor Wells, Kauai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:17","indexId":"ofr20051159","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1159","title":"Construction, Geology, and Aquifer Testing of the Maalo Road, Aahoaka Hill, and Upper Eleele Tank Monitor Wells, Kauai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The Maalo Road, Aahoaka Hill, and Upper Eleele Tank monitor wells were constructed using rotary drilling methods between July 1998 and August 2002 as part of a program of exploratory drilling, aquifer testing, and hydrologic analysis on Kauai. Aquifer tests were conducted in the uncased boreholes of the wells.\r\n\r\nThe Maalo Road monitor well in the Lihue Basin penetrated 915 feet, mostly through mafic lava flows. Most of the rock samples from this well had chemical compositions similar to the Koloa Volcanics, but the deepest sample analyzed had a composition similar to the Waimea Canyon Basalt. Water temperature ranged from 25.6 to 27.4 degrees Celsius and specific conductance ranged from 303 to 627 microsiemens per centimeter during aquifer testing. Discharge rate ranged from 174 to 220 gallons per minute and maximum drawdown was 138.25 ft during a 7-day sustained-discharge test, but the test was affected by pump and generator problems.\r\n\r\nThe Aahoaka Hill monitor well in the Lihue Basin penetrated 804 feet, mostly through mafic lava flows and possibly dikes. The well penetrated rocks having chemical compositions similar to the Waimea Canyon Basalt. During the first three hours of a sustained-discharge aquifer test in which the discharge rate varied between 92 and 117 gallons per minute, water temperature was 24.6 to 25.6 degrees Celsius, and specific conductance was 212 to 238 microsiemens per centimeter; this test was halted after a short period because drawdown was high. In a subsequent 7-day test, discharge was 8 to 23 gallons per minute, and maximum drawdown was 37.71 feet after 1,515 minutes of testing.\r\n\r\nThe Upper Eleele Tank monitor well is near the Hanapepe River Valley. The well penetrated 740 feet through soil, sediment, mafic lava flows, volcanic ash, and scoria. Rocks above a depth of 345 feet had compositions similar to the Koloa Volcanics, but a sample from 720 to 725 feet had a composition similar to rocks of the Waimea Canyon Basalt. During a 7-day aquifer test with a sustained discharge between 278 and 290 gallons per minute, most of the drawdown of 1.10 feet occurred in the first 455 minutes of the test. Water levels measured thereafter may have been influenced by pumping from a nearby well. Water temperature ranged from 20.2 to 21.4 degrees Celsius and specific conductance from 8,380 to 18,940 microsiemens per centimeter during the aquifer tests.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051159","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kauai County Department of Water","usgsCitation":"Izuka, S.K., 2005, Construction, Geology, and Aquifer Testing of the Maalo Road, Aahoaka Hill, and Upper Eleele Tank Monitor Wells, Kauai, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1159, Report: iv, 21 p.; 17 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051159.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 21 p.; 17 Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1998-07-01","temporalEnd":"2002-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6511,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159.66666666666666,22.833333333333332 ], [ -159.66666666666666,22.083333333333332 ], [ -159.25,22.083333333333332 ], [ -159.25,22.833333333333332 ], [ -159.66666666666666,22.833333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6984d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izuka, Scot K. 0000-0002-8758-9414 skizuka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-9414","contributorId":2645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izuka","given":"Scot","email":"skizuka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70858,"text":"sir20045294 - 2005 - Hydrogeology of the Mogollon Highlands, central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:49","indexId":"sir20045294","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5294","title":"Hydrogeology of the Mogollon Highlands, central Arizona","docAbstract":"The Mogollon Highlands, 4,855 square miles of rugged, mountainous terrain at the southern edge of the Colorado Plateau in central Arizona, is characterized by a bedrock-dominated hydrologic system that results in an incompletely integrated regional ground-water system, flashy streamflow, and various local water-bearing zones that are sensitive to drought. Increased demand on the water resources of the area as a result of recreational activities and population growth have made necessary an increased understanding of the hydrogeology of the region. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a study of the geology and hydrology of the region in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources under the auspices of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative, a program launched in 1998 to assist rural areas in dealing with water-resources issues. The study involved the analysis of geologic maps, surface-water and ground-water flow, and water and rock chemical data and spatial relationships to characterize the hydrogeologic framework.\r\n\r\nThe study area includes the southwestern corner of the Colorado Plateau and the Mogollon Rim, which is the eroded edge of the plateau. A 3,000- to 4,000-foot sequence of early to late Paleozoic sedimentary rocks forms the generally south-facing scarp of the Mogollon Rim. The area adjacent to the edge of the Mogollon Rim is an erosional landscape of rolling, step-like terrain exposing Proterozoic metamorphic and granitic rocks. Farther south, the Sierra Ancha and Mazatzal Mountain ranges, which are composed of various Proterozoic rocks, flank an alluvial basin filled with late Cenozoic sediments and volcanic flows. Eight streams with perennial to intermittent to ephemeral flow drain upland regions of the Mogollon Rim and flow into the Salt River on the southern boundary or the Verde River on the western boundary. Ground-water flow paths generally are controlled by large-scale fracture systems or by karst features in carbonate rocks. Stream channels are also largely controlled by structural features, such as regional joint or fault systems. Precipitation, which shows considerable variability in amount and intensity, recharges the ground-water system along the crest of the Mogollon Rim and to a lesser extent along the crests and flanks of the rim and the Mazatzal Mountains and Sierra Ancha. Flashy runoff in the mainly bedrock stream channels is typical. Springs are distributed throughout the region, typically discharging at or above the contact of variably permeable formations along the face of the Mogollon Rim with a scattering of low-discharge springs in the Proterozoic rocks below the rim. \r\n\r\nThe surface of the Colorado Plateau is the primary recharge area for the C aquifer in which ground-water flows north toward the Little Colorado River and south toward the Mogollon Highlands. Within the study area, flow from the C aquifer primarily discharges from large, stable springs in the upper East Verde River, Tonto Creek, and Canyon Creek Basins along the top of the Mogollon Rim and to the west as base flow in West Clear Creek. On the basis of chemical evidence and the distribution and flow characteristics of springs and perennial streams, the C aquifer is also the source of water for the limestone aquifer that discharges from carbonate rocks near the base of the Mogollon Rim. Vertical flow from the C aquifer, the base of which is in the Schnebly Hill Formation, recharges the limestone aquifer that discharges mainly at Fossil Springs in the western part of the study area and as base flow in Cibecue Creek on the eastern edge of the study area.\r\n\r\nLocal, generally shallow aquifers of variable productivity occur in plateau and mesa-capping basalts in the sedimentary rocks of the Schnebly Hill and Supai Formations, in fractured zones of the Proterozoic Payson granite, and in the alluvium of the lower Tonto Creek Basin. Where time series data exist, such water-bearing zones are shown to be sensitive to short-","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045294","usgsCitation":"Parker, J.T., Steinkampf, W.C., and Flynn, M., 2005, Hydrogeology of the Mogollon Highlands, central Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5294, 87 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045294.","productDescription":"87 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6609,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5294/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db61502e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, John T.C.","contributorId":18766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinkampf, William C.","contributorId":11256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinkampf","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flynn, Marilyn E. meflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"meflynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70854,"text":"sir20045280 - 2005 - Hydrogeologic framework, ground-water quality, and simulation of ground-water flow at the Fair Lawn Well Field Superfund site, Bergen County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:48","indexId":"sir20045280","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5280","title":"Hydrogeologic framework, ground-water quality, and simulation of ground-water flow at the Fair Lawn Well Field Superfund site, Bergen County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Production wells in the Westmoreland well field, Fair Lawn, Bergen County, New Jersey (the 'Fair Lawn well field Superfund site'), are contaminated with volatile organic compounds, particularly trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. In 1983, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) placed the Westmoreland well field on its National Priority List of Superfund sites. In an effort to determine ground-water flow directions, contaminant-plume boundaries, and contributing areas to production wells in Fair Lawn, and to evaluate the effect of present pump-and-treat systems on flowpaths of contaminated ground water, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the USEPA, developed a conceptual hydrogeologic framework and ground-water flow model of the study area. MODFLOW-2000, the USGS three-dimensional finite-difference model, was used to delineate contributing areas to production wells in Fair Lawn and to compute flowpaths of contaminated ground water from three potential contaminant sources to the Westmoreland well field. Straddle-packer tests were used to determine the hydrologic framework of, distribution of contaminants in, and hydrologic properties of water-bearing and confining units that make up the fractured-rock aquifer underlying the study area.\r\n\r\nThe study area consists of about 15 square miles in and near Fair Lawn. The area is underlain by 6 to 100 feet of glacial deposits and alluvium that, in turn, are underlain by the Passaic Formation. In the study area, the Passaic Formation consists of brownish-red pebble conglomerate, medium- to coarse-grained feldspathic sandstone, and micaceous siltstone. The bedrock strata strike N. 9o E. and dip 6.5o to the northwest. The bedrock consists of alternating layers of densely fractured rocks and sparsely fractured rocks, forming a fractured-rock aquifer.\r\n\r\nGround-water flow in the fractured-rock aquifer is anisotropic as a result of the interlayering of dipping water-bearing and confining units. Wells of similar depth aligned along the strike of the bedding intersect the same water-bearing units, but wells aligned along the dip of the bedding may intersect different water-bearing units. Consequently, wells aligned along strike are in greater hydraulic connection than wells aligned along dip.\r\n\r\nThe Borough of Fair Lawn pumps approximately 770 million gallons per year from 13 production wells. Hydrographs from six observation wells ranging in depth from 162 to 505 feet in Fair Lawn show that water levels in much of the study area are affected by pumping. \r\n\r\nStraddle packers were used to isolate discrete intervals within six open-hole observation wells owned by the Fair Lawn Water Department. Transmissivity, water-quality, and static-water-level data were obtained from the isolated intervals. Measured transmissivity ranged from near 0 to 8,900 feet squared per day. The broad range in measured transmissivity is a result of the heterogeneity of the fractured-rock aquifer. \r\n\r\nEight water-bearing units and eight confining units were identified in the study area on the basis of transmissivity. The water-bearing units range in thickness from 21 to 95 feet; the mean thickness is 50 feet. The confining units range in thickness from 22 to 248 feet; the mean thickness is 83 feet. Water-level and water-quality data indicate effective separation of water-bearing units by the confining units. \r\n\r\nWater-quality samples were collected from the six observation wells at 16 depth intervals isolated by the straddle packers in 2000 and 2001. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds generally were low in samples from four of the wells, but were higher in samples from a well in Fair Lawn Industrial Park and in a well in the Westmoreland well field. \r\n\r\nThe digital ground-water flow model was used to simulate steady-state scenarios representing conditions in the study area in 1991 and 2000. These years were chosen because during the intervening period, ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045280","usgsCitation":"Lewis-Brown, J.C., Rice, D.E., Rosman, R., and Smith, N.P., 2005, Hydrogeologic framework, ground-water quality, and simulation of ground-water flow at the Fair Lawn Well Field Superfund site, Bergen County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5280, 121 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045280.","productDescription":"121 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6508,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5280/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6279a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis-Brown, Jean C.","contributorId":46991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis-Brown","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Donald E.","contributorId":70440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosman, Robert 0000-0001-5042-1872 rrosman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5042-1872","contributorId":2846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosman","given":"Robert","email":"rrosman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Nicholas P. nsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":4303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Nicholas","email":"nsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70852,"text":"sir20045163 - 2005 - Hydrologic characteristics of the Agua Fria National Monument, central Arizona, determined from the reconnaissance study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:33","indexId":"sir20045163","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5163","title":"Hydrologic characteristics of the Agua Fria National Monument, central Arizona, determined from the reconnaissance study","docAbstract":"Hydrologic conditions in the newly created Agua Fria National Monument were characterized on the basis of existing hydrologic and geologic information, and streamflow data collected in May 2002. The study results are intended to support the Bureau of Land Management's future water-resource management responsibilities, including quantification of a Federal reserved water right within the monument. This report presents the study results, identifies data deficiencies, and describes specific approaches for consideration in future studies.\r\n\r\n\r\nWithin the Agua Fria National Monument, the Agua Fria River flows generally from north to south, traversing almost the entire 23-mile length of the monument. Streamflow has been measured continuously at a site near the northern boundary of the monument since 1940. Streamflow statistics for this site, and streamflow measurements from other sites along the Agua Fria River, indicate that the river is perennial in the northern part of the monument but generally is intermittent in downstream reaches. The principal controls on streamflow along the river within the monument appear to be geology, the occurrence and distribution of alluvium, inflow at the northern boundary and from tributary canyons, precipitation, and evapotranspiration. At present, (2004) there is no consistent surface-water quality monitoring program being implemented for the monument.\r\n\r\n\r\nGround-water recharge within the monument likely results from surface-water losses and direct infiltration of precipitation. Wells are most numerous in the Cordes Junction and Black Canyon City areas. Only eight wells are within the monument. Ground-water quality data for wells in the monument area consist of specific-conductance values and fluoride concentrations. During the study, ground-water quality data were available for only one well within the monument. No ground-water monitoring program is currently in place for the monument or surrounding areas.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045163","usgsCitation":"Fleming, J.B., 2005, Hydrologic characteristics of the Agua Fria National Monument, central Arizona, determined from the reconnaissance study: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5163, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045163.","productDescription":"66 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6485,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045163/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":188158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683688","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, John B.","contributorId":33788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70850,"text":"sir20055088 - 2005 - Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 5. Well installation, water-level data, and surface- and ground-water geochemistry in the Straight Creek drainage basin, Red River Valley, New Mexico, 2001-03","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-07T21:44:24.20616","indexId":"sir20055088","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5088","title":"Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 5. Well installation, water-level data, and surface- and ground-water geochemistry in the Straight Creek drainage basin, Red River Valley, New Mexico, 2001-03","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Mexico Environment Department, is investigating the pre-mining ground-water chemistry at the Molycorp molybdenum mine in the Red River Valley, northern New Mexico. The primary approach is to determine the processes controlling ground-water chemistry at an unmined, off-site, proximal analog. The Straight Creek drainage basin, chosen for this purpose, consists of the same quartz-sericite-pyrite altered andesitic and rhyolitic volcanic rock of Tertiary age as the mine site. The weathered and rugged volcanic bedrock surface is overlain by heterogeneous debris-flow deposits that interfinger with alluvial deposits near the confluence of Straight Creek and the Red River. Pyritized rock in the upper part of the drainage basin is the source of acid rock drainage (pH 2.8-3.3) that infiltrates debris-flow deposits containing acidic ground water (pH 3.0-4.0) and bedrock containing water of circumneutral pH values (5.6-7.7). Eleven observation wells were installed in the Straight Creek drainage basin. The wells were completed in debris-flow deposits, bedrock, and interfingering debris-flow and Red River alluvial deposits. Chemical analyses of ground water from these wells, combined with chemical analyses of surface water, water-level data, and lithologic and geophysical logs, provided information used to develop an understanding of the processes contributing to the chemistry of ground water in the Straight Creek drainage basin. Surface- and ground-water samples were routinely collected for determination of total major cations and selected trace metals; dissolved major cations, selected trace metals, and rare-earth elements; anions and alkalinity; and dissolved-iron species. Rare-earth elements were determined on selected samples only. Samples were collected for determination of dissolved organic carbon, mercury, sulfur isotopic composition (34S and 18O of sulfate), and water isotopic composition (2H and 18O) during selected samplings. One set of ground-water samples was collected for helium-3/tritium and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) age dating. Several lines of evidence indicate that surface water is the primary input to the Straight Creek ground-water system. Straight Creek streamflow and water levels in wells closest to the apex of the Straight Creek debris fan and closest to Straight Creek itself appear to respond to the same seasonal inputs. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions in Straight Creek surface water and ground water are similar, and concentrations of most dissolved constituents in most Straight Creek surface-water and shallow (debris-flow and alluvial) aquifer ground-water samples correlate strongly with sulfate (concentrations decrease linearly with sulfate in a downgradient direction). After infiltration of surface water, dilution along the flow path is the dominant mechanism controlling ground-water chemistry. However, concentrations of some constituents can be higher in ground water than can be accounted for by concentrations in Straight Creek surface water, and additional sources of these constituents must therefore be inferred. Constituents for which concentrations in ground water can be high relative to surface water include calcium, magnesium, strontium, silica, sodium, and potassium in ground water from debris-flow and alluvial aquifers and manganese, calcium, magnesium, strontium, sodium, and potassium in ground water from the bedrock aquifer. All ground water is a calcium sulfate type, often at or near gypsum saturation because of abundant gypsum in the aquifer material developed from co-existing calcite and pyrite mineralization. Calcite dissolution, the major buffering mechanism for bedrock aquifer ground water, also contributes to relatively higher calcium concentrations in some ground water. The main source of the second most abundant cation, magnesium, is probably dissolution of magnesium-rich carbonates or silicates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055088","usgsCitation":"Naus, C.A., McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., Donohoe, L.C., Hunt, A.G., Paillet, F.L., Morin, R.H., and Verplanck, P.L., 2005, Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 5. Well installation, water-level data, and surface- and ground-water geochemistry in the Straight Creek drainage basin, Red River Valley, New Mexico, 2001-03: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5088, 228 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055088.","productDescription":"228 p.","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6483,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20055088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":395574,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_72161.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Red River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.4292,\n 36.695\n ],\n [\n -105.4606,\n 36.695\n ],\n [\n -105.4606,\n 36.7311\n ],\n [\n -105.4292,\n 36.7311\n ],\n [\n -105.4292,\n 36.695\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a0e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naus, Cheryl A.","contributorId":82749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naus","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. 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During this 4-year period, the drought was continuous in areas of western North Carolina, although eastern areas of the State had some periods of relief from tropical storms in 1998 and 1999. The occurrence of dry winters in 2001 and 2002 along with a dry spring in 2002, exacerbated drought conditions across the State and resulted in substantial declines in streamflow and ground-water levels during the summer of 2002.\r\n\r\nThe drought caused widespread hardship and economic losses across North Carolina. During the latter months of 2002, more than 200 municipalities that included most major cities operated under some form of voluntary, mandatory, or emergency water conservation. Reservoirs across North Carolina were at record or near record-low levels, including some of the largest ones used for multiple purposes (flood control, low-flow augmentation, and(or) recreation), and required continuous and careful operation to balance the upstream and downstream needs of users.\r\n\r\nPrecipitation deficits during the 1998-2002 drought for some locations in North Carolina were among the largest documented since the beginning of systematic collection of weather data. The largest deficits occurred primarily in the western Piedmont and were as much as 60 to 70 inches in some locations during the 4-year period. Cumulative monthly precipitation departures for the period May 1998 through September 2002 at 13 selected precipitation sites across the State ranged from 5.3 inches below normal in Greenville (eastern North Carolina) to 66.7 inches below normal in Hickory (western North Carolina). During the 12-month period October 2002 through September 2003, precipitation departures at 7 of the 13 sites were more than 20 inches above normal, primarily in the western Piedmont. Precipitation data for the period of record were examined for 8 of the 13 sites to compare precipitation deficits during the 1998-2002 drought with those that occurred during selected historical droughts. At three of the eight sites (Hickory, Charlotte, and Mocksville), the average monthly deficit for the 1998-2002 drought exceeded the values computed for the other drought periods. Precipitation records for three other sites (Greensboro, Raleigh, and Fayetteville) were adjusted to remove monthly rainfall values associated with several large tropical storms in 1999. The average monthly deficits for the 1998-2002 drought based on adjusted records for these three sites were then determined to be the highest among the drought periods identified during the available periods of precipitation record.\r\n\r\nDaily mean discharges before and after the drought were compiled for 211 continuous-record gaging stations operated in North Carolina in 2002. Of these 211, 150 stations had periods of record that exceeded 10 years. Among these 150 sites, records of lowest daily mean discharge were set at 65 sites during the 4-year drought (55 sites during the 2002 water year alone). A smaller group of 68 sites having 30 years of uninterrupted record through the 2002 water year and not known to be significantly affected by regulation and(or) diversions was selected for further analyses to quantify the 'daily' percentile and recurrence intervals of 7-day average discharges.\r\n\r\nComparisons of minimum 7-day average discharges at six selected gaging stations with long-term records (two from each physiographic province in the State) provided insight into how the 1998-2002 drought compares with previous droughts. At three of the six sites, all located in the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Provinces, the minimum 7-day average discharges during the 1998-2002 drought became the minimum flows of record. One of these three sites, the French Broad River at Asheville, has the longest period of discharge records in North Carolina. These comparisons confirmed that th","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055053","usgsCitation":"Weaver, J., 2005, The drought of 1998-2002 in North Carolina — Precipitation and hydrologic conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5053, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055053.","productDescription":"98 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6482,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5053/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":392959,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_72227.htm"},{"id":120987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2005_5053.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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Curtis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70835,"text":"pp1702 - 2005 - Classification of hydrogeologic areas and hydrogeologic flow systems in the basin and range physiographic province, southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:32","indexId":"pp1702","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1702","title":"Classification of hydrogeologic areas and hydrogeologic flow systems in the basin and range physiographic province, southwestern United States","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology of the Basin and Range Physiographic Province in parts of Arizona, California, New Mexico, Utah, and most of Nevada was classified at basin and larger scales to facilitate information transfer and to provide a synthesis of results from many previous hydrologic investigations. A conceptual model for the spatial hierarchy of the hydrogeology was developed for the Basin and Range Physiographic Province and consists, in order of increasing spatial scale, of hydrogeologic components, hydrogeologic areas, hydrogeologic flow systems, and hydrogeologic regions. This hierarchy formed a framework for hydrogeologic classification.\r\n\r\nHydrogeologic areas consist of coincident ground-water and surface-water basins and were delineated on the basis of existing sets of basin boundaries that were used in past investigations by State and Federal government agencies. Within the study area, 344 hydrogeologic areas were identified and delineated. This set of basins not only provides a framework for the classification developed in this report, but also has value for regional and subregional purposes of inventory, study, analysis, and planning throughout the Basin and Range Physiographic Province. The fact that nearly all of the province is delineated by the hydrogeologic areas makes this set well suited to support regional-scale investigations.\r\n\r\nHydrogeologic areas are conceptualized as a control volume consisting of three hydrogeologic components: the soils and streams, basin fill, and consolidated rocks. The soils and streams hydrogeologic component consists of all surface-water bodies and soils extending to the bottom of the plant root zone. The basin-fill hydrogeologic component consists of unconsolidated and semiconsolidated sediment deposited in the structural basin. The consolidated-rocks hydrogeologic component consists of the crystalline and sedimentary rocks that form the mountain blocks and basement rock of the structural basin.\r\n\r\nHydrogeologic areas were classified into 19 groups through a cluster analysis of 8 characteristics of each area's hydrologic system. Six characteristics represented the inflows and outflows of water through the soils and streams, basin fill, and consolidated rocks, and can be used to determine the hydrogeologic area's position in a hydrogeologic flow system. Source-, link-, and sink-type hydrogeologic areas have outflow but not inflow, inflow and outflow, and inflow but not outflow, respectively, through one or more of the three hydrogeologic components. Isolated hydrogeologic areas have no inflow or outflow through any of the three hydrogeologic components. The remaining two characteristics are indexes that represent natural recharge and discharge processes and anthropogenic recharge and discharge processes occurring in the hydrogeologic area. \r\n\r\nOf the 19 groups of hydrogeologic areas, 1 consisted of predominantly isolated-type hydrogeologic areas, 7 consisted of source-type hydrogeologic areas, 9 consisted of link-type hydrogeologic areas, and 2 consisted of sink-type hydrogeologic areas. Groups comprising the source-, link-, and sink-type hydrogeologic areas can be distinguished between each other on the basis of the hydrogeologic component(s) through which interbasin flow occurs, as well as typical values for the two indexes. Conceptual models of the hydrologic systems of a representative hydrogeologic area for each group were developed to help distinguish groups and to synthesize the variation in hydrogeologic systems in the Basin and Range Physiographic Province.\r\n\r\nHydrogeologic flow systems consist of either a single isolated hydrogeologic area or a series of multiple hydrogeologic areas that are hydraulically connected through interbasin flows. A total of 54 hydrogeologic flow systems were identified and classified into 9 groups. One group consisted of single isolated hydrogeologic areas. The remaining eight groups consisted of multiple hydrogeologic areas and were distinguished o","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1702","isbn":"0607985992","usgsCitation":"Anning, D.W., and Konieczki, A.D., 2005, Classification of hydrogeologic areas and hydrogeologic flow systems in the basin and range physiographic province, southwestern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1702, 44 p. and 2 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1702.","productDescription":"44 p. and 2 plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8072,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2005/pp1702/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667f8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anning, David W. dwanning@usgs.gov","contributorId":432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anning","given":"David","email":"dwanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konieczki, Alice D.","contributorId":69594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konieczki","given":"Alice","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70825,"text":"sir20055070 - 2005 - Effects of land-use changes and stormflow-detention basins on flooding and nonpoint-source pollution, in Irondequoit Creek basin, Monroe and Ontario counties, New York--application of a precipitation-runoff model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:04","indexId":"sir20055070","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5070","title":"Effects of land-use changes and stormflow-detention basins on flooding and nonpoint-source pollution, in Irondequoit Creek basin, Monroe and Ontario counties, New York--application of a precipitation-runoff model","docAbstract":"Urbanization of the 150-square-mile Irondequoit Creek basin in Monroe and Ontario Counties, N.Y., continues to spread southward and eastward from the City of Rochester, on the shore of Lake Ontario. Conversion of forested land to other uses over the past 40 years has increased to the extent that more than 50 percent of the basin is now developed. This expansion has increased flooding and impaired stream-water quality in the northern (downstream) half of the basin.\r\n\r\nA precipitation-runoff model of the Irondequoit Creek basin was developed with the model code HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program--FORTRAN) to simulate the effects of land-use changes and stormflow-detention basins on flooding and nonpoint-source pollution on the basin. Model performance was evaluated through a combination of graphical comparisons and statistical tests, and indicated 'very good' agreement (mean error less than 10 percent) between observed and simulated daily and monthly streamflows, between observed and simulated monthly water temperatures, and between observed total suspended solids loads and simulated sediment loads. Agreement between monthly observed and simulated nutrient loads was 'very good' (mean error less than 15 percent) or 'good' (mean error between 15 and 25 percent).\r\n\r\nResults of model simulations indicated that peak flows and loads of sediment and total phosphorus would increase in a rural subbasin, where 10 percent of the basin was converted from forest and grassland to pervious and impervious developed areas. Subsequent simulation of a stormflow-detention basin at the mouth of this subbasin indicated that peak flows and constituent loads would decrease below those that were generated by the land-use-change scenario, and, in some cases, below those that were simulated by the original land-use scenario. Other results from model simulations of peak flows over a 30-year period (1970-2000), with and without simulation of 50-percent flow reductions at one existing and nine hypothetical stormflow-detention basins, indicated that stormflow-detention basins would likely decrease peak flows 14 to 17 percent on Allen Creek and 17 to 18 percent on Irondequoit Creek at Blossom Road.\r\n\r\nThe model is intended as a management tool that water-resource managers can use to guide decisions regarding future development in the basin. The model and associated files are designed to permit (1) creation of scenarios that represent planned or hypothetical development in the basin, and (2) assessment of the flooding and chemical loads that are likely to result. Instream stormflow-detention basins can be simulated in separate scenarios to assess their effect on flooding and chemical loads. This report (1) provides examples of how the model can be applied to address these issues, (2) discusses the model revisions required to simulate land-use changes and detention basins, and (3) describes the analytical steps necessary to evaluate the model results.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055070","usgsCitation":"Coon, W.F., and Johnson, M.S., 2005, Effects of land-use changes and stormflow-detention basins on flooding and nonpoint-source pollution, in Irondequoit Creek basin, Monroe and Ontario counties, New York--application of a precipitation-runoff model: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5070, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055070.","productDescription":"77 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6569,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5070/ ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611d2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coon, William F. 0000-0002-7007-7797 wcoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7007-7797","contributorId":1765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coon","given":"William","email":"wcoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Mark S.","contributorId":86058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70826,"text":"sir20055094 - 2005 - Summary of significant results from studies of triazine herbicides and their degradation products in surface water, ground water, and precipitation in the midwestern United States during the 1990s","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T17:21:11","indexId":"sir20055094","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5094","title":"Summary of significant results from studies of triazine herbicides and their degradation products in surface water, ground water, and precipitation in the midwestern United States during the 1990s","docAbstract":"Nonpoint-source contamination of water resources from triazine herbicides has been a major water-quality issue during the 1990s in the United States. To address this issue, studies of surface water, ground water, and precipitation have been carried out by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Midwestern United States.
\nReconnaissance studies of 147 streams were conducted to determine the geographic and seasonal distribution of atrazine, cyanazine, propazine, and simazine. These studies showed that high concentrations of herbicides were flushed from cropland and transported through the stream system as pulses in response to spring and summer rainfall. The studies also revealed the persistence of herbicides and their degradation products in streams.
\nAn investigation of 76 reservoirs showed that the occurrence and temporal distribution of herbicides and their degradation products in reservoir outflow could be related to reservoir and drainage-basin characteristics, water and land use, herbicide use, and climate. Significant findings showed that concentrations of atrazine and its degradation products remained elevated all summer and into the fall and that recently applied atrazine mixed with atrazine applied the previous year as water moved through a reservoir.
\nReconnaissance studies of 303 ground-water wells were completed to determine hydrogeological and seasonal occurrence, concentration, and distribution of herbicides and their degradation products. Samples collected from across the Midwestern United States consistently revealed that triazine herbicide degradation products commonly were found more frequently than their parent herbicide and that ground-water age could be an important factor in explaining variations in herbicide contamination.
\nA final study investigated precipitation in the Midwestern United States, northeast to the Atlantic Ocean, and northward to the Canadian border. It found that the highest herbicide concentrations in precipitation occurred following herbicide application to cropland. Atrazine was detected most often, followed by deethylatrazine, cyanazine, and deisoproplyatrazine. Mass deposition of herbicides by precipitation was greatest in areas where herbicide use was intense and decreased with distance from the Midwest.
\nFindings of the 1990s studies include an improved understanding of the occurrence, persistence, chemistry, and transport of triazine herbicides and their degradation products in the hydrologic environment. A significant increase in knowledge of triazine herbicides and development and improvement of analytical methods were accomplished in the past decade. The results produced are not only significant for the present (2005) but provide an important data set for future use.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055094","usgsCitation":"Scribner, E.A., Thurman, E., Goolsby, D.A., Meyer, M.T., Battaglin, W.A., and Kolpin, D.W., 2005, Summary of significant results from studies of triazine herbicides and their degradation products in surface water, ground water, and precipitation in the midwestern United States during the 1990s: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5094, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055094.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6570,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5094/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Midwest region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 41.475660200278234\n ],\n [\n -105.1171875,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -105.77636718749999,\n 39.53793974517628\n ],\n [\n -104.23828125,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 38.95940879245423\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -94.7021484375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -94.658203125,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -90.04394531249999,\n 36.421282443649496\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 35.92464453144099\n ],\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 35.92464453144099\n ],\n [\n -89.07714843749999,\n 36.77409249464195\n ],\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -88.857421875,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -88.11035156249999,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -87.4072265625,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -86.7041015625,\n 37.85750715625203\n ],\n [\n -86.0009765625,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -85.4296875,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -84.90234375,\n 38.65119833229951\n ],\n [\n -84.638671875,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -83.232421875,\n 38.71980474264239\n ],\n [\n -82.5732421875,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 38.89103282648846\n ],\n [\n -80.595703125,\n 39.57182223734374\n ],\n [\n -80.5517578125,\n 40.212440718286466\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 41.86956082699455\n ],\n [\n -81.6943359375,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -82.44140625,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -83.3642578125,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -84.7705078125,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -86.572265625,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -87.3193359375,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -87.7587890625,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -87.7587890625,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 44.15068115978091\n ],\n [\n -86.7041015625,\n 45.521743896993634\n ],\n [\n -87.9345703125,\n 44.62175409623324\n ],\n [\n -87.4072265625,\n 45.36758436884978\n ],\n [\n -88.0224609375,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -89.8681640625,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -90.615234375,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -90.439453125,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -92.10937499999999,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 47.2195681123155\n ],\n [\n -90.7470703125,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 47.81315451752768\n ],\n [\n -89.6484375,\n 47.96050238891509\n ],\n [\n -90.4833984375,\n 48.04870994288686\n ],\n [\n -90.87890625,\n 48.25394114463431\n ],\n [\n -91.5380859375,\n 48.07807894349862\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 48.28319289548349\n ],\n [\n -92.63671875,\n 48.545705491847464\n ],\n [\n -93.2958984375,\n 48.545705491847464\n ],\n [\n -94.1748046875,\n 48.60385760823255\n ],\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 48.66194284607008\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 49.38237278700955\n ],\n [\n -95.44921875,\n 49.410973199695846\n ],\n [\n -95.2294921875,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 49.009050809382046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","tableOfContents":"
Abstract
Introduction
Triazine Herbicide Usage
Water-Quality Studies
Surface Water
Ground Water
Precipitation
Chemistry and Transport of Triazine Herbicides in Water
Persistence
Summary
References Cited
Seven unsaturated-zone solute-transport models were tested with two data sets to select models for use by the Agricultural Chemical Team of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The data sets were from a bromide tracer test near Merced, California, and an atrazine study in the White River Basin, Indiana. In this study the models are designated either as complex or simple based on the water flux algorithm. The complex models, HYDRUS2D, LEACHP, RZWQM, and VS2DT, use Richards' equation to simulate water flux and are well suited to process understanding. The simple models, CALF, GLEAMS, and PRZM, use a tipping-bucket algorithm and are more amenable to extrapolation because they require fewer input parameters. The purpose of this report is not to endorse a particular model, but to describe useful features, potential capabilities, and possible limitations that emerged from working with the model input data sets. More rigorous assessment of model applicability involves proper calibration, which was beyond the scope of this study.
\nUncalibrated (\"cold\") simulations were run using all seven models to predict the transport of bromide (Merced) and the transport and fate of atrazine and three of its transformation products (White River Basin). Among the complex models, HYDRUS2D successfully predicted both the surface retention and accumulation of bromide at depth at the Merced site, whereas RZWQM and VS2DT predicted only the latter. RZWQM predictions of atrazine were closest to observed values at the White River Basin site, where preferential flow has been observed. LEACHP predicted smaller solute concentrations than observed at both the Merced and White River Basin sites. Among the simple models, CALF predicted the highest values of atrazine and deethylatrazine at the measurement depth of 1.5 meters. CALF includes the Addiscott flow option for preferential flow, and also accepts user-specified dispersivity. PRZM underpredicted solute concentrations, probably because control of dispersion is a problem with this model. GLEAMS has a maximum simulation depth of 1.5 meters, which is limiting for mass-balance purposes because it creates a potential disconnect between unsaturated-zone transport and the water table.
\nOf the models tested, RZWQM, HYDRUS2D, VS2DT, GLEAMS and PRZM had graphical user interfaces. Extensive documentation was available for RZWQM, HYDRUS2D, and VS2DT. RZWQM can explicitly simulate water and solute flux in macropores, and both HYDRUS2D and VS2DT can simulate water and solute flux in two dimensions. The version of RZWQM tested had a maximum simulation depth of 3 meters. The complex models simulate the formation, transport, and fate of degradates of up to three to five compounds including the parent, with the exception of VS2DT, which simulates the transport and fate of a single compound.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051196","usgsCitation":"Nolan, B.T., Bayless, E.R., Green, C.T., Garg, S., Voss, F.D., Lampe, D.C., Barbash, J.E., Capel, P.D., and Bekins, B.A., 2005, Evaluation of unsaturated-zone solute-transport models for studies of agricultural chemicals: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1196, vi, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051196.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6571,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2005-1196/ 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Interpretation of ground-water geochemistry in catchments other than the Straight Creek catchment, Red River Valley, Taos County, New Mexico, 2002-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-18T19:06:18.48466","indexId":"sir20055050","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5050","title":"Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 14. Interpretation of ground-water geochemistry in catchments other than the Straight Creek catchment, Red River Valley, Taos County, New Mexico, 2002-2003","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Mexico Environment Department, is investigating the pre-mining ground-water chemistry at the Molycorp molybdenum mine in the Red River Valley, New Mexico. The primary approach is to determine the processes controlling ground-water chemistry at an unmined, off-site but proximal analog. The Straight Creek catchment, chosen for this purpose, consists of the same Tertiary-age quartz-sericite-pyrite altered andesite and rhyolitic volcanics as the mine site. Straight Creek is about 5 kilometers east of the eastern boundary of the mine site. Both Straight Creek and the mine site are at approximately the same altitude, face south, and have the same climatic conditions.
Thirteen wells in the proximal analog drainage catchment were sampled for ground-water chemistry. Eleven wells were installed for this study and two existing wells at the Advanced Waste-Water Treatment (AWWT) facility were included in this study. Eight wells were sampled outside the Straight Creek catchment: one each in the Hansen, Hottentot, and La Bobita debris fans, four in a well cluster in upper Capulin Canyon (three in alluvial deposits and one in bedrock), and an existing well at the U.S. Forest Service Questa Ranger Station in Red River alluvial deposits. Two surface waters from the Hansen Creek catchment and two from the Hottentot drainage catchment also were sampled for comparison to ground-water compositions. In this report, these samples are evaluated to determine if the geochemical interpretations from the Straight Creek ground-water geochemistry could be extended to other ground waters in the Red River Valley , including the mine site.
Total-recoverable major cations and trace metals and dissolved major cations, selected trace metals, anions, alkalinity; and iron-redox species were determined for all surface- and ground-water samples. Rare-earth elements and low-level As, Bi, Mo, Rb, Re, Sb, Se, Te, Th, U, Tl, V, W, Y, and Zr were determined on selected samples. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), mercury, sulfate stable isotope composition (δ34S and δ18O of sulfate), stable isotope composition of water (δ2H and δ18O of water) were measured for selected samples. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and 3He and 3H were measured for age dating on selected samples.
Linear regressions from the Straight Creek ground-water data were used to compare ground-water chemistry trends in non-Straight Creek ground waters with Straight Creek alluvial ground-water chemistry dilution trends. Most of the solute trends for the ground waters are similar to those for Straight Creek but there are some notable exceptions. In lithologies that contain substantial pyrite mineralization, acid waters form with similar chemistries to those in Straight Creek and all the waters tend to be calcium-sulfate type. Hottentot ground waters contain substantially lower calcium concentrations relative to those in Straight Creek. This anomaly results from the exposure of rhyolite porphyry in the Hottentot scar and weathering zone. The rhyolite contains less calcium than the altered andesites and tuffs in the Straight Creek catchment and probably does not have the abundant gypsum and calcite. The Hansen ground waters have reached gypsum saturation and have similar calcium, magnesium, and beryllium concentrations as Straight Creek ground waters but have lower concentrations of fluoride, manganese, zinc, cobalt, nickel, copper, and lithium. Lower concentrations of elements related to mineralization at Hansen likely reflect the more distal location of Hansen with respect to intrusive centers that provided the heat source for hydrothermal alteration.
The other ground water with water chemistry trends that are outside the Straight Creek trends was from an alluvial well from Capulin Canyon (CC2A). Although it had pH values near 6.0 and most major ions similar to the other Capulin Canyon ground waters, it contained high concentrations of fluoride, manganese, aluminum, iron, beryllium, and zinc similar to a mineralized zone and had low alkalinity.
Saturation indices indicate that solubility constraints continue to provide upper limits on some solute concentrations. Siderite, ferrihydrite, calcite, gypsum, rhodochrosite, and barite provide limits for concentrations of Fe(II), Fe(III), Ca, Mn, and Ba, respectively. Beryllium concentrations may be subject to an upper concentration limit by the solubility of Be(OH)2 but these concentrations probably are not reached in the ground waters.
Ground-water isotopic data were consistent with the meteoric water line estimated for precipitation in the Red River Valley, indicating that all the ground waters examined in this study were meteoric, recent in origin, and showed no substantial indication of evaporation. Tritium-helium-3 and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) age dating were partially successful. Generally, dates were consistent with location and depth of wells. Two samples had good agreement between CFC dates and tritium-helium dates, whereas a third reflected either substantial mixing with younger or older waters or complications arising from excess helium-4. The well at La Bobita appeared to contain a large component of modern water, most likely as a result of mixing with water from Red River alluvial deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055050","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., McCleskey, R.B., Hunt, A.G., and Naus, C.A., 2005, Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 14. Interpretation of ground-water geochemistry in catchments other than the Straight Creek catchment, Red River Valley, Taos County, New Mexico, 2002-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5050, viii, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055050.","productDescription":"viii, 84 p.","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193185,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6559,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20055050/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415932,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_73766.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Taos County","otherGeospatial":"Red River Valley, Straight Creek catchment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.475,\n 36.7167\n ],\n [\n -105.475,\n 36.7\n ],\n [\n -105.4278,\n 36.7\n ],\n [\n -105.4278,\n 36.7167\n ],\n [\n -105.475,\n 36.7167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a0c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naus, Cheryl A.","contributorId":82749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naus","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70799,"text":"sir20045300 - 2005 - Analysis and mapping of post-fire hydrologic hazards for the 2002 Hayman, Coal Seam, and Missionary Ridge wildfires, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:45","indexId":"sir20045300","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5300","title":"Analysis and mapping of post-fire hydrologic hazards for the 2002 Hayman, Coal Seam, and Missionary Ridge wildfires, Colorado","docAbstract":"Wildfires caused extreme changes in the hydrologic, hydraulic, and geomorphologic characteristics of many Colorado drainage basins in the summer of 2002. Detailed assessments were made of the short-term effects of three wildfires on burned and adjacent unburned parts of drainage basins. These were the Hayman, Coal Seam, and Missionary Ridge wildfires. Longer term runoff characteristics that reflect post-fire drainage basin recovery expected to develop over a period of several years also were analyzed for two affected stream reaches: the South Platte River between Deckers and Trumbull, and Mitchell Creek in Glenwood Springs. The 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year flood-plain boundaries and water-surface profiles were computed in a detailed hydraulic study of the Deckers-to-Trumbull reach.\r\n\r\nThe Hayman wildfire burned approximately 138,000 acres (216 square miles) in granitic terrain near Denver, and the predominant potential hazard in this area is flooding by sediment-laden water along the large tributaries to and the main stem of the South Platte River. The Coal Seam wildfire burned approximately 12,200 acres (19.1 square miles) near Glenwood Springs, and the Missionary Ridge wildfire burned approximately 70,500 acres (110 square miles) near Durango, both in areas underlain by marine shales where the predominant potential hazard is debris-flow inundation of low-lying areas.\r\n\r\nHydrographs and peak discharges for pre-burn and post-burn scenarios were computed for each drainage basin and tributary subbasin by using rainfall-runoff models because streamflow data for most tributary subbasins were not available. An objective rainfall-runoff model calibration method based on nonlinear regression and referred to as the ?objective calibration method? was developed and applied to rainfall-runoff models for three burned areas. The HEC-1 rainfall-runoff model was used to simulate the pre-burn rainfall-runoff processes in response to the 100-year storm, and HEC-HMS was used for runoff hydrograph generation.\r\n\r\nPost-burn rainfall-runoff parameters were determined by adjusting the runoff-curve numbers on the basis of a weighting procedure derived from the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (now the National Resources Conservation Service) equation for precipitation excess and the effect of burn severity. This weighting procedure was determined to be more appropriate than simple area weighting because of the potentially marked effect of even small burned areas on the runoff hydrograph in individual drainage basins. Computed water-peak discharges from HEC-HMS models were increased volumetrically to account for increased sediment concentrations that are expected as a result of accelerated erosion after burning. Peak discharge estimates for potential floods in the South Platte River were increased by a factor that assumed a volumetric sediment concentration (Cv) of 20 percent. Flood hydrographs for the South Platte River and Mitchell Creek were routed down main-stem channels using watershed-routing algorithms included in the HEC-HMS rainfall-runoff model.\r\n\r\nIn areas subject to debris flows in the Coal Seam and Missionary Ridge burned areas, debris-flow discharges were simulated by 100-year rainfall events, and the inflow hydrographs at tributary mouths were simulated by using the objective calibration method. Sediment concentrations (Cv) used in debris-flow simulations were varied through the event, and were initial Cv 20 percent, mean Cv approximately 31 percent, maximum Cv 48 percent, Cv 43 percent at the time of the water hydrograph peak, and Cv 20 percent for the duration of the event. The FLO-2D flood- and debris-flow routing model was used to delineate the area of unconfined debris-flow inundation on selected alluvial fan and valley floor areas.\r\n\r\nA method was developed to objectively determine the post-fire recovery period for the Hayman and Coal Seam burned areas using runoff-curve numbers (RCN) for all drainage basins for a 50-year period. A ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045300","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J.G., Smith, M., Friedel, M., Stevens, M.R., Bossong, C., Litke, D.W., Parker, R.S., Costello, C., Wagner, J., Char, S., Bauer, M., and Wilds, S., 2005, Analysis and mapping of post-fire hydrologic hazards for the 2002 Hayman, Coal Seam, and Missionary Ridge wildfires, Colorado (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5300, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045300.","productDescription":"109 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6624,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045300/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680b85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, J. G.","contributorId":45341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, M.E.","contributorId":104525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedel, M.J.","contributorId":90823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stevens, M. R.","contributorId":25178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bossong, C. R.","contributorId":39762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bossong","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Litke, D. W.","contributorId":94346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litke","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Parker, R. S.","contributorId":104510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Costello, C.","contributorId":6319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costello","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wagner, J.","contributorId":93764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Char, S.J.","contributorId":29266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Char","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bauer, M.A.","contributorId":80099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wilds, S.R.","contributorId":50782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilds","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70184420,"text":"70184420 - 2005 - Nanobots: A new paradigm for hydrogeologic characterization?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T10:52:37","indexId":"70184420","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nanobots: A new paradigm for hydrogeologic characterization?","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0079.x","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., 2005, Nanobots: A new paradigm for hydrogeologic characterization?: Groundwater, v. 43, no. 4, p. 463-463, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0079.x.","productDescription":"1 p. ","startPage":"463","endPage":"463","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337110,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263ee4b014cc3a3d34bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184405,"text":"70184405 - 2005 - Geobacter bemidjiensis sp. nov. and Geobacter psychrophilus sp. nov., two novel Fe(III)-reducing subsurface isolates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:23:18","indexId":"70184405","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2076,"text":"International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geobacter bemidjiensis sp. nov. and Geobacter psychrophilus sp. nov., two novel Fe(III)-reducing subsurface isolates","docAbstract":"Fe(III)-reducing isolates were recovered from two aquifers in which Fe(III) reduction is known to be important. Strain BemT was enriched from subsurface sediments collected in Bemidji, MN, USA, near a site where Fe(III) reduction is important in aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. Strains P11, P35T and P39 were isolated from the groundwater of an aquifer in Plymouth, MA, USA, in which Fe(III) reduction is important because of long-term inputs of acetate as a highway de-icing agent to the subsurface. All four isolates were Gram-negative, slightly curved rods that grew best in freshwater media. Strains P11, P35T and P39 exhibited motility via means of monotrichous flagella. Analysis of the 16S rRNA and nifD genes indicated that all four strains are δ-proteobacteria and members of the Geobacter cluster of the Geobacteraceae. Differences in phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics indicated that the four isolates represent two novel species within the genus Geobacter. All of the isolates coupled the oxidation of acetate to the reduction of Fe(III) [iron(III) citrate, amorphous iron(III) oxide, iron(III) pyrophosphate and iron(III) nitrilotriacetate]. All four strains utilized ethanol, lactate, malate, pyruvate and succinate as electron donors and malate and fumarate as electron acceptors. Strain BemT grew fastest at 30 °C, whereas strains P11, P35T and P39 grew equally well at 17, 22 and 30 °C. In addition, strains P11, P35T and P39 were capable of growth at 4 °C. The names Geobacter bemidjiensis sp. nov. (type strain BemT=ATCC BAA-1014T=DSM 16622T=JCM 12645T) and Geobacter psychrophilus sp. nov. (strains P11, P35T and P39; type strain P35T=ATCC BAA-1013T=DSM 16674T=JCM 12644T) are proposed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Microbiology Society","doi":"10.1099/ijs.0.63417-0","usgsCitation":"Nevin, K.P., Holmes, D.E., Woodard, T.L., Hinlein, E.S., Ostendorf, D.W., and Lovely, D.R., 2005, Geobacter bemidjiensis sp. nov. and Geobacter psychrophilus sp. nov., two novel Fe(III)-reducing subsurface isolates: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, v. 55, p. 1667-1674, https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63417-0.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"1667","endPage":"1674","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cee_faculty_pubs/678","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337085,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263fe4b014cc3a3d34be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nevin, Kelly P.","contributorId":184229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nevin","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, Dawn E.","contributorId":184220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holmes","given":"Dawn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodard, Trevor L.","contributorId":187684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodard","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hinlein, Erich S.","contributorId":187690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinlein","given":"Erich","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ostendorf, David W.","contributorId":187691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostendorf","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lovely, Derek R.","contributorId":184232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovely","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70781,"text":"sir20055101 - 2005 - Geochemistry of Red Mountain Creek, Colorado, under low-flow conditions, August 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-04T09:10:38","indexId":"sir20055101","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5101","title":"Geochemistry of Red Mountain Creek, Colorado, under low-flow conditions, August 2002","docAbstract":"Red Mountain Creek, an acid mine drainage stream in southwestern Colorado, was the subject of a synoptic study conducted in August 2002. During the synoptic study, a solution containing lithium chloride was injected continuously to allow for the calculation of streamflow using the tracer-dilution method. Synoptic water-quality samples were collected from 48 stream sites and 29 inflow locations along a 5.4-kilometer study reach. Data from the study provide profiles of pH, concentration, and mass load with a high degree of spatial resolution. Despite the presence of 10 circumneutral inflows, pH remained below 3.4 at all stream sites. Concentration profiles indicate that dissolved concentrations of aluminum, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc exceed chronic aquatic-life standards established by the State of Colorado along the entire study reach. Comparison of total recoverable and dissolved concentrations suggests that most constituents were transported conservatively. Exceptions to this pattern include arsenic, iron, molybdenum, and vanadium, four constituents that were subject to precipitation and(or) sorption reactions as the addition of a circumneutral tributary resulted in a slight increase in instream pH. Evaluation of data from the 29 inflow locations indicates a sharp contrast between the east and west sides of the watershed; inflows from the east side have high constituent concentrations and acidic pH, whereas inflows from the west side have lower concentrations and generally higher pH. Loading profiles, the product of streamflow and concentration, are used to rank potential sources of metals and acidity within the watershed. Four sources account for 83, 72, 70, 69, 64, and 61 percent of the aluminum, iron, arsenic, zinc, copper, and cadmium loading within the study reach, respectively. All four sources appear to be the result of surface inflows that have been affected by mining activities. The relatively small number of major sources and the fact that they are attributable to surface inflows are two factors that may facilitate effective remediation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055101","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., Kimball, B.A., Walton-Day, K., and Verplanck, P.L., 2005, Geochemistry of Red Mountain Creek, Colorado, under low-flow conditions, August 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5101, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055101.","productDescription":"86 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6599,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5101/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Red Mountain Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.69176483154297,\n 37.913867495923746\n ],\n [\n -107.64232635498047,\n 37.913867495923746\n ],\n [\n -107.64232635498047,\n 37.98398664126368\n ],\n [\n -107.69176483154297,\n 37.98398664126368\n ],\n [\n -107.69176483154297,\n 37.913867495923746\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae444","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":68339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}