The Cenozoic Cascades arcs of southwestern Washington are the product of long-lived, but discontinuous, magmatism beginning in the Eocene and continuing to the present (for example, Christiansen and Yeats, 1992). This magmatism is the result of subduction of oceanic crust beneath the North American continent. The magmatic rocks are divided into two subparallel, north-trending continental-margin arcs, the Eocene to Pliocene Western Cascades, and the Quaternary High Cascades, which overlies, and is east of, the Western Cascades. Both arcs are calc-alkaline and are characterized by voluminous mafic lava flows (mostly basalt to basaltic andesite compositions) and scattered large stratovolcanoes of mafic andesite to dacite compositions. Silicic volcanism is relatively uncommon. Quartz diorite to granite plutons are exposed in more deeply eroded parts of the Western Cascades Arc (for example, Mount Rainier area and just north of Mt. St. Helens). Hydrothermal alteration is widespread in both Tertiary and Quaternary igneous rocks of the Cascades arcs. Most alteration in the Tertiary Western Cascades Arc resulted from hydrothermal systems associated with small plutons, some of which formed porphyry copper and related deposits, including copper-rich breccia pipes, polymetallic veins, and epithermal gold-silver deposits. Hydrothermal alteration also is present on many Quaternary stratovolcanoes of the High Cascades Arc. On some High Cascades volcanoes, this alteration resulted in severely weakened volcanic edifices that were susceptible to failure and catastrophic landslides. Most notable is the sector collapse of the northeast side of Mount Rainier that occurred about 5,600 yr. B.P. This collapse resulted in formation of the clay-rich Osceola Mudflow that traveled 120 km down valley from Mount Rainier to Puget Sound covering more than 200 km2. This field trip examines several styles and features of hydrothermal alteration related to Cenozoic magmatism in the Cascades arcs. The morning of the trip will examine the White River altered area, which includes high-level alteration related to a large, early Miocene magmatic-hydrothermal system exposed about 10 km east of Enumclaw, Washington. Here, vuggy silica alteration is being quarried for silica and advanced argillic alteration has been prospected for alunite. Clay-filled fractures and sulfide-rich, fine-grained sedimentary rocks of hydrothermal origin locally are enriched in precious metals. Many hydrothermal features common in high-sulfidation gold-silver deposits and in advanced argillic alteration zones overlying porphyry copper deposits (for example, Gustafson and Hunt, 1975; Hedenquist and others, 2000; Sillitoe, 2000) are exposed, although no economic base or precious metal mineralized rock has been discovered to date. The afternoon will be spent examining two exposures of the Osceola Mudflow along the White River. The Osceola Mudflow contains abundant clasts of altered Quaternary rocks from Mount Rainier that show various types of hydrothermal alteration and hydrothermal features. The mudflow matrix contains abundant hydrothermal clay minerals that added cohesiveness to the debris flow and helped allow it to travel much farther down valley than other, noncohesive debris flows from Mount Rainier (Crandell, 1971; Vallance and Scott, 1997). The White River altered area is the subject of ongoing studies by geoscientists from Weyerhaeuser Company and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The generalized descriptions of the geology, geophysics, alteration, and mineralization presented here represent the preliminary results of this study (Ashley and others, 2003). Additional field, geochemical, geochronologic, and geophysical studies are underway. The Osceola Mudflow and other Holocene debris flows from Mount Rainier also are the subject of ongoing studies by the USGS (for example, Breit and others, 2003; John and others, 2003; Plumlee and others, 2003, Sisson and others, 2003; Vallance and others, 2003). Studies of hydrothermal alteration in the Osceola Mudflow are being used to better understand fossil hydrothermal systems on Mount Rainier and potential hazards associated with this alteration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/b2217","usgsCitation":"John, D.A., Rytuba, J.J., Ashley, R.P., Blakely, R.J., Vallance, J.W., Newport, G.R., and Heinemeyer, G.R., 2003, Field guide to hydrothermal alteration in the White River altered area and in the Osceola Mudflow, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2217, v, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2217.","productDescription":"v, 52 p.","numberOfPages":"58","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4735,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2217/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":179193,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/b2217.jpg"},{"id":280274,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2217/pdf/b2217.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":405317,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_59476.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"White River altered area and in the Osceola Mudflow","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.431640625,\n 46.73233101286786\n ],\n [\n -121.59667968749999,\n 46.73233101286786\n ],\n [\n -121.59667968749999,\n 47.301584511330795\n ],\n [\n -122.431640625,\n 47.301584511330795\n ],\n [\n -122.431640625,\n 46.73233101286786\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9882","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ashley, Roger P. ashley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashley","given":"Roger","email":"ashley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":246776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Newport, Grant R.","contributorId":51843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newport","given":"Grant","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Heinemeyer, Gary R.","contributorId":31464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinemeyer","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":53115,"text":"wri034181 - 2003 - Shallow Ground-Water Quality in Agricultural Areas of Northern Alabama and Middle Tennessee, 2000-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:46","indexId":"wri034181","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4181","title":"Shallow Ground-Water Quality in Agricultural Areas of Northern Alabama and Middle Tennessee, 2000-2001","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 32 monitoring wells were installed near cropland in parts of northern Alabama and Middle Tennessee to characterize the effect of row-crop agriculture on shallow ground-water quality. The wells were completed in regolith overlying carbonate bedrock. These geologic units are part of the Mississippian carbonate aquifer, a source of drinking water for domestic and municipal supply in the area. The majority of these wells were sampled in the spring of 2000 for inorganic constituents, nutrients, pesticides, and selected pesticide degradates. Land use and soil characteristics were delineated for a 1,640-foot radius buffer area around each well to relate water quality to environmental factors. A strong association among soil characteristics, land use, and hydrogeology limited the analysis of the effect of these factors on nitrate and pesticide occurrence.\r\n\r\nNitrate and pesticide concentrations generally were low, and no samples exceeded established drinking-water maximum contaminant levels. The maximum concentration of nitrate was about 8 milligrams per liter as nitrogen, and the median concentration was 1 milligram per liter. Nitrate concentrations were strongly correlated to dissolved-oxygen concentrations, and ratios of chloride to nitrate indicate nitrate concentrations were affected by denitrification in about a third of the samples. A pesticide or pesticide degradate was detected at concentrations greater than 0.01 microgram per liter in 91 percent of the samples. Pesticides with the highest use typically were detected most frequently and at the highest concentrations; however, glyphosate had the highest estimated use but was not detected in any samples. Fluometuron and atrazine, two high-use pesticides, were detected in 83 and 70 percent, respectively, of the samples from wells where the pesticide was applied in the buffer area. Maximum concentrations of fluometuron and atrazine were 2.13 and 1.83 micrograms per liter, respectively. Detection rates of pesticide degradates were similar to parent pesticides, and concentrations of degradates generally were comparable to or greater than the parent pesticide. Pesticide detections were correlated to dissolved-oxygen concentrations, suggesting that pesticides are most likely to be detected at high concentrations where ground-water residence time is short and the rate of recharge is fast.\r\n\r\nNitrate and pesticide data collected in this study were compared to data collected from similar agricultural land-use studies conducted by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program throughout the Nation. Nitrate concentrations generally were lower in this study than in samples from other agricultural areas; however, pesticides were detected more frequently in samples from wells in this study. For example, atrazine and its degradate, deethylatrazine, were detected in 62 and 47 percent, respectively, of water samples in this study but were detected in about 25 percent of the 851 wells sampled for agricultural land-use studies nationwide. In national study areas where atrazine use is greater than in the lower Tennessee River Basin, atrazine was detected in 30 percent of the water samples. Pesticides used on cotton were detected much more frequently in this study, but many of the study areas nationwide have smaller amounts of cotton acreage than the lower Tennessee River Basin.\r\n\r\nSimilarities in nitrate concentrations and the pesticides detected frequently in this agricultural land-use study and a network of drinking-water wells in the same area completed in bedrock in the Mississippian carbonate aquifer (sampled in a previous study) indicate the aquifer is susceptible to contamination from nonpoint sources. Nitrate concentrations were not statistically different for the two well networks and were correlated to total pesticide concentrations in both networks. Although detection frequencies and maximum concentrations ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034181","usgsCitation":"Kingsbury, J.A., 2003, Shallow Ground-Water Quality in Agricultural Areas of Northern Alabama and Middle Tennessee, 2000-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4181, vii, 38 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034181.","productDescription":"vii, 38 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4675,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034181/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":174613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a42d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kingsbury, James A. 0000-0003-4985-275X jakingsb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4985-275X","contributorId":883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingsbury","given":"James","email":"jakingsb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53143,"text":"fs10703 - 2003 - The natural dispersal of metals to the environment in the Wulik River-Ikalukrok Creek area, western Brooks Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-13T20:03:41.388945","indexId":"fs10703","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"107-03","title":"The natural dispersal of metals to the environment in the Wulik River-Ikalukrok Creek area, western Brooks Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs10703","usgsCitation":"Kelley, K., and Hudson, T., 2003, The natural dispersal of metals to the environment in the Wulik River-Ikalukrok Creek area, western Brooks Range, Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 107-03, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10703.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":430155,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_63490.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4728,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-107-03/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":120592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_107_03.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Wulik River-Ikalukrok Creek area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164.1667,\n 67.6\n ],\n [\n -164.1667,\n 67.2\n ],\n [\n -162.7333,\n 67.2\n ],\n [\n -162.7333,\n 67.6\n ],\n [\n -164.1667,\n 67.6\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64999c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Travis","contributorId":90282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Travis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53101,"text":"wri034158 - 2003 - Summary of extensometric measurements in El Paso, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:52","indexId":"wri034158","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4158","title":"Summary of extensometric measurements in El Paso, Texas","docAbstract":"Two counter-weighted-pipe borehole extensometers were installed on the left bank of the Rio Grande between El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico, in 1992. A shallow extensometer measures vertical compaction in the 6- to 100-meter aquifer-system depth interval. A deep extensometer measures vertical compaction in the 6- to 305-meter aquifer-system depth interval. Both extensometers are referenced to the same surface datum, which allows time-series differencing to determine vertical compaction in the depth interval between 100 and 305 meters. From April 2, 1993, through June 13, 2002, 1.6 centimeters of compaction occurred in the 6-to 305-m depth interval. Until February 1999, most aquifer-system compaction occurred in the deeper aquifer-system interval between 100 and 305 meters, from which ground water was extracted. After that time, compaction in the shallow interval from 6 to 100 meters was predominant and attained a maximum of 7.6 millimeters by June 13, 2002. Minor residual compaction is expected to continue; continued maintenance of the El Paso extensometers would document this process.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034158","usgsCitation":"Heywood, C.E., 2003, Summary of extensometric measurements in El Paso, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4158, iii, 11 p. : ill. (some col.), col. map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034158.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p. : ill. (some col.), col. map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5291,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":175044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6992dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heywood, Charles E. cheywood@usgs.gov","contributorId":2043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heywood","given":"Charles","email":"cheywood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53171,"text":"pp1683 - 2003 - The Role of Geoscience Information in Reducing Catastrophic Loss Using a Web-Based Economics Experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:46","indexId":"pp1683","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1683","title":"The Role of Geoscience Information in Reducing Catastrophic Loss Using a Web-Based Economics Experiment","docAbstract":"What role can geoscience information play in the assessment of risk and the value of insurance, especially for natural hazard type risks? In an earlier, related paper Ganderton and others (2000) provided subjects with relatively simple geoscience information concerning natural hazard-type risks. Their research looked at how subjects purchase insurance when faced with relatively low probability but high loss risks of the kind that characterize natural hazards and now, increasingly, manmade disasters. They found evidence to support the expected utility theory (definitions of economics terms can be found in a glossary at the end of report), yet there remained the implication that subjects with excessive aversion to risk were willing to pay considerably more for insurance than the actuarially fair price plus any reasonable risk premium. Here, we report the results of additional experiments that provide further support for the basic postulates of expected utility theory. However, these new experiments add considerably to the decision environment facing subjects by offering an option to purchase geoscientific information that would assist them when calculating expected losses from hazards more accurately. \r\n\r\nUsing an Internet-based mechanism to present information and gather data in an experimental setting, this research provided subjects with considerable textual and graphical information, and time to process it. Over a period of three months, almost 400 subjects participated in on-line experiments that generated approximately 22,000 usable data points for the empirical analysis discussed in this report. \r\n\r\nIn the design of the experiment, we modeled the decisions to purchase (1) a detailed map giving subjects more information regarding the distribution of losses from a hazard and (2) insurance to indemnify them from any losses should they occur. On the basis of this design, we find strong evidence in support of the expected utility theory. Many of the findings reinforce those found in the early, similar study (Ganderton and others, 2000). However, this research also finds interactions between the decision to become better informed and the decision to insure. We chose an empirical framework that allows for both explicit and implicit (unobservable) correlations between the two decisions. The results suggest that at the end of the computer game subjects recognize the benefits of greater geoscience information. They take advantage of it, but are sensitive to its cost. When subjects use the more detailed information, they are more likely to purchase insurance when it offers a net benefit. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/pp1683","usgsCitation":"Bernknopf, R.L., Brookshire, D.S., and Ganderton, P.T., 2003, The Role of Geoscience Information in Reducing Catastrophic Loss Using a Web-Based Economics Experiment (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1683, v, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1683.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1683.jpg"},{"id":11437,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1683/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ac91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernknopf, Richard L.","contributorId":97061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brookshire, David S.","contributorId":32537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brookshire","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ganderton, Philip T.","contributorId":11062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganderton","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53110,"text":"wri034138 - 2003 - Simulation of streamflow and water quality in the Red Clay Creek subbasin of the Christina River Basin, Pennsylvania and Delaware, 1994-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T15:31:41","indexId":"wri034138","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4138","title":"Simulation of streamflow and water quality in the Red Clay Creek subbasin of the Christina River Basin, Pennsylvania and Delaware, 1994-98","docAbstract":"The Christina River Basin drains 565 square miles (mi2) in Pennsylvania and Delaware and includes the major subbasins of Red Clay Creek, White Clay Creek, Brandywine Creek, and Christina River. The Red Clay Creek is the smallest of the subbasins and drains an area of 54 mi2. Streams in the Christina River Basin are used for recreation, drinking-water supply, and to support aquatic life. Water quality in some parts of the Christina River Basin is impaired and does not support designated uses of the stream. A multi-agency, waterquality management strategy included a modeling component to evaluate the effects of point and nonpointsource contributions of nutrients and suspended sediment on stream water quality. To assist in nonpointsource evaluation, four independent models, one for each of the four main subbasins of the Christina River Basin, were developed and calibrated using the model code Hydrological Simulation Program?Fortran (HSPF). Water-quality data for model calibration were collected in each of the four main subbasins and in smaller subbasins predominantly covered by one land use following a nonpoint-source monitoring plan. Under this plan, stormflow and base-flow samples were collected during 1998 at 1 site in the Red Clay Creek subbasin and at 10 sites elsewhere in the Christina River Basin.
The HSPF model for the Red Clay Creek subbasin simulates streamflow, suspended sediment, and the nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus. In addition, the model simulates water temperature, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, and plankton as secondary objectives needed to support the sediment and nutrient simulations. For the model, the basin was subdivided into nine reaches draining areas that ranged from 1.7 to 10 mi2. One of the reaches contains a regulated reservoir. Ten different pervious land uses and two impervious land uses were selected for simulation. Land-use areas were determined from 1995 land-use data. The predominant land uses in the Red Clay Creek subbasin are agricultural, forested, residential, and urban.
The hydrologic component of the model was run at an hourly time step and calibrated using streamflow data from three U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-measurement stations for the period of October 1, 1994, through October 29, 1998. Daily precipitation data from one National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) gage and hourly data from one NOAA gage were used for model input. The difference between observed and simulated stream- flow volume ranged from -0.8 to 2.1 percent for the 4-year period at the three calibration sites. Annual differences between observed and simulated streamflow generally were greater than the overall error for the 4-year period. For example, at a site near Stanton, Del., near the bottom of the basin (drainage area of 50.2 mi2), annual differences between observed and simulated streamflow ranged from -5.8 to 6.0 percent and the overall error for the 4-year period was -0.8 percent. Calibration errors for 36 storm periods at the three calibration sites for total volume, low-flow-recession rate, 50-percent lowest flows, 10-percent highest flows, and storm peaks were 20 percent or less. Much of the error in simulating storm events on an hourly time step can be attributed to uncertainty in the rainfall data.
The water-quality component of the model was calibrated using nonpoint-source monitoring data collected in 1998 at one USGS streamflowmeasurement station and other water-quality monitoring data collected at three USGS streamflowmeasurement stations. The period of record for waterquality monitoring was variable at the stations, with an end date of October 1998 but the start date ranging from October 1994 to January 1998. Because of availability, monitoring data for suspended-solids concentrations were used as surrogates for suspendedsediment concentrations, although suspended solids may underestimate suspended sediment and affect apparent accuracy of the suspended-sediment simulation. Comparison of observed to simulated loads for five storms in 1998 at the one nonpoint-source monitoring site at Wooddale, Del., indicates that simulation error commonly is as large as an order of magnitude for suspended sediment and nutrients. The simulation error tends to be smaller for dissolved utrients than particulate nutrients. Errors of 40 percent or less for monthly or annual values indicate a fair to good water-quality calibration according to recommended criteria, with much larger errors possible for individual storm events. Assessment of the accuracy of the water-quality calibration under stormflow conditions is limited by the sparsity of available water-quality data in the basin.
Users of the Red Clay Creek HSPF model should be aware of model limitations and consider the following when predictive scenarios are desired: streamflow-duration curves indicate the model simulates stream-flow reasonably well when evaluated over a broad range of conditions and time, although streamflow and the corresponding water quality for individual storm events may not be well simulated; streamflow-duration curves for the simulation period compare well with duration curves for the 57.5-year period ending in 2001 at Wooddale, Del., and include all but the extreme high-flow and low-flow events; calibration for water quality was based on sparse data, with the result of increasing uncertainty in the water-quality simulation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034138","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Delaware River Basin Commission, Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Senior, L.A., and Koerkle, E.H., 2003, Simulation of streamflow and water quality in the Red Clay Creek subbasin of the Christina River Basin, Pennsylvania and Delaware, 1994-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4138, x, 119 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034138.","productDescription":"x, 119 p.","numberOfPages":"129","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4138/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":4671,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4138/wri20034138.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2003-4138"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is developing guidance to assist states with defining nutrient criteria for rivers and streams and to better describe nutrient-algal relations. As part of this effort, 13 wadeable stream sites were selected, primarily in eastern Massachusetts, for a nutrient-assessment study during the summer of 2001. The sites represent a range of water-quality impairment conditions (reference, moderately impaired, impaired) based on state regulatory agency assessments and previously assessed nitrogen, phosphorus, and dissolved-oxygen data. In addition, a combination of open- and closed-canopy locations were sampled at six of the sites to investigate the effect of sunlight on algal growth. Samples for nutrients and for chlorophyll I from phytoplankton and periphyton were collected at all stream sites.
Total nitrogen (dissolved nitrite + nitrate + total ammonia + organic nitrogen) and total phosphorus (phosphorus in an unfiltered water sample) concentrations were lowest at reference sites and highest at impaired sites. There were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) among reference, moderately impaired, and impaired sites for total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Chlorophyll a concentrations from phytoplankton were not significantly different among site impairment designations. Concentrations of chlorophyll a from periphyton were highest at nutrient-impaired open-canopy sites. Chlorophyll a concentrations from periphyton samples were positively correlated with total nitrogen and total phosphorus at the open- and closed-canopy sites. Correlations were higher at open-canopy sites (p < 0.05, rho = 0.64 to 0.71) than at closed-canopy sites (p < 0.05, rho = 0.36 to 0.40). Statistically significant differences in the median concentrations of chlorophyll a from periphyton samples were observed between the open- and closed-canopy sites (p < 0.05).
Total nitrogen and total phosphorus data from moderately impaired and impaired sites in this study exceeded the preliminary U.S. Environmental Protection Agency nutrient criteria values for the coastal region of New England. In an effort to establish more appropriate nutrient and chlorophyll criteria for streams in the New England coastal region, relations between total nitrogen and total phosphorus to periphyton chlorophyll a in wadeable streams from this study were quantified to present potential techniques for determining nutrient concentrations. Linear regression was used to estimate the total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations that corresponded to various chlorophyll a concentrations. On the basis of this relation, a median concentration for moderately enriched streams of 21 milligrams per square meter (mg/m2) of periphyton chlorophyll a from the literature corresponded to estimated concentrations of 1.3 milligrams per liter (mg/L) for total nitrogen and 0.12 mg/L for total phosphorus. The median concentration for periphyton chlorophyll a from the literature is similar to the 50th-percentile concentration of periphyton chlorophyll a (17 mg/m2) calculated with the data from open-canopy sites in this study. The 25th-percentile concentration for periphyton chlorophyll a of all open-canopy sites (5.2 mg/m2) and the 75th-percentile concentration for periphyton chlorophyll a of open-canopy reference sites (16 mg/m2) also were plotted to provide additional estimates and methods for developing total nitrogen and total phosphorus criteria.
The 25th-percentile concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were calculated based on all sites in this study and were used as another potential criteria estimation. A concentration of 0.64 mg/L for total nitrogen and 0.030 mg/L for total phosphorus were calculated. As another possible method to develop threshold concentrations, the 10th-percentile concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were calculated based on all the impaired sites in this study. A concentration threshold of 0.73 mg/L for total nitrogen and 0.036 mg/L for total phosphorus were calculated. Ultimately, a combination of these techniques may be appropriate for water-resources managers to use to set regional nutrient criteria to limit undesirable levels of algal growth in streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034191","usgsCitation":"Riskin, M.L., Deacon, J.R., Liebman, M., and Robinson, K.W., 2003, Nutrient and chlorophyll relations in selected streams of the New England coastal basins in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, June-September 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4191, vii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034191.","productDescription":"vii, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177850,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414256,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_61980.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4764,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, New Hampshire","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72,\n 43.0833\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 41.9\n ],\n [\n -70.8333,\n 41.9\n ],\n [\n -70.8333,\n 43.0833\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 43.0833\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a7ffa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riskin, Melissa L. 0000-0001-6499-3775 mriskin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6499-3775","contributorId":654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riskin","given":"Melissa","email":"mriskin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deacon, J. R.","contributorId":67110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deacon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liebman, M. L.","contributorId":81926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liebman","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, K. W.","contributorId":27488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":53111,"text":"wri034104 - 2003 - Variations in sand storage measured at monumented cross sections in the Colorado River between Glen Canyon Dam and Lava Falls Rapid, northern Arizona, 1992-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:46","indexId":"wri034104","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4104","title":"Variations in sand storage measured at monumented cross sections in the Colorado River between Glen Canyon Dam and Lava Falls Rapid, northern Arizona, 1992-99","docAbstract":"Bed elevations were measured at 131 monumented cross sections in the Colorado River between Glen Canyon Dam and Lava Falls Rapid from June 1992 to September 1999 to provide data on channel sand storage. This report documents the location of the 131 monumented cross sections, dates of measurements for all cross sections, methods of data collection and processing, and spatial and temporal variation and variability in changes in cross-sectional area for selected cross sections. Additionally, data were analyzed to determine if changes in sediment storage could be related to main channel flow conditions and tributary sediment inputs. Most of the cross sections showed a limited capacity, both in terms of amount and residence time, to store sediment. Data for 83 of the 131 cross sections were comprehensive and complete, and were used for analyses in this report. This data set is referred to as the primary data set. Of these 83 cross sections, 19 had a net gain in stored sediment, 61 had a net loss of stored sediment, and 3 had no change in stored sediment for the period of data collection, excluding data collected during the high release from Glen Canyon Dam in 1996. A subset of the primary data set consisting of the sections downstream from the Paria and Little Colorado Rivers with measurements made on or nearly on the same day, referred to as the matching-date data set, was used to explore the effects of controlled flows and tributary flows on the changes in cross-sectional area. The matching-date data set consists of data from 57 cross sections. Of these 57 cross sections, 1 had a net gain in stored sediment, 55 had a net loss of stored sediment, and 1 had no change in stored sediment. Results of the analysis did not show that changes in cross-sectional area were strongly related to main channel flow conditions or tributary sediment inputs.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034104","usgsCitation":"Flynn, M., and Hornewer, N.J., 2003, Variations in sand storage measured at monumented cross sections in the Colorado River between Glen Canyon Dam and Lava Falls Rapid, northern Arizona, 1992-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4104, vi, 39 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034104.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4672,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034104/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":173963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49afe4b07f02db5c845e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flynn, Marilyn E. meflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"meflynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornewer, Nancy J. njhornew@usgs.gov","contributorId":910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornewer","given":"Nancy","email":"njhornew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53104,"text":"wri034282 - 2003 - Estimation of Monthly Evaporation from Lake Ashtabula in North Dakota, Orwell Lake in Minnesota, and Lake Traverse in Minnesota and South Dakota, 1931-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-04T11:02:22","indexId":"wri034282","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4282","title":"Estimation of Monthly Evaporation from Lake Ashtabula in North Dakota, Orwell Lake in Minnesota, and Lake Traverse in Minnesota and South Dakota, 1931-2001","docAbstract":"Reservoirs on tributaries of the Red River of the North provide water for Fargo and Grand Forks, N. Dak., and other cities along the river. Adequate estimates of evaporative losses from the reservoirs are needed to determine the total water supply in the Basin. Many equations could be used to estimate lake or reservoir evaporation. However, in addition to measurements of air temperature, the equations require measurements of net radiation, wind speed, and relative humidity. Evaporation and air temperature data from energy budget evaporation sites at Wetland P1 in North Dakota and at Williams Lake in Minnesota are available. Air temperature data collected from climate stations near Lake Ashtabula in North Dakota, from Orwell Lake in Minnesota, and from Lake Traverse in Minnesota and South Dakota also are available. Therefore, the combined data sets were used to estimate monthly evaporation from Lake Ashtabula, Orwell Lake, and Lake Traverse. Averaged monthly mean air temperatures determined for each reservoir study site were used to calculate monthly evaporation data sets for 1931-2001. Results from the procedure that estimates reservoir evaporation indicate that slight downward trends in annual evaporation occurred from 1931-2001. The trends may have been caused by the selected time period of the study, which began with the drought conditions in the mid 1930's and ended with the more wet conditions in the late 1990's. Average annual evaporation values for each reservoir for 1931-2001 correspond well with published average annual lake evaporation values for 1946-55.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034282","usgsCitation":"Vining, K.C., 2003, Estimation of Monthly Evaporation from Lake Ashtabula in North Dakota, Orwell Lake in Minnesota, and Lake Traverse in Minnesota and South Dakota, 1931-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4282, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034282.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4665,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034282/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbc1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vining, Kevin C. 0000-0001-5738-3872 kcvining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-3872","contributorId":308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vining","given":"Kevin","email":"kcvining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50787,"text":"wri034003 - 2003 - Streambed adjustment and channel widening in eastern Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:34","indexId":"wri034003","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4003","title":"Streambed adjustment and channel widening in eastern Nebraska","docAbstract":"In eastern Nebraska, stream straightening and dredging efforts since the 1890s have disturbed the natural equilibrium of stream channels and have led to streambed adjustment by degradation and subsequent channel widening. This report describes a study to evaluate the effect these disturbances have had on stream channels in eastern Nebraska. \r\n\r\nTwo sets of survey data were collected approximately 2 years apart during 1996-99 at 151 primary sites. Additionally, historical streambed-elevation data (dating back to the 1890s) were compiled from several sources for the primary sites and 45 supplemental sites, and relevant disturbances were identified for each of eight basin groupings. Streambed-elevation data sets were used to estimate the amount of change to the streambed at the sites over the time period of the data. Recent channel widening was documented for 73 of the primary sites by comparing the two survey sets.\r\n\r\nThe majority of observed streambed-gradation responses appear to be related to the various straightening efforts and to the effects of grade-control structures in the study area. Channel responses were complicated by the presence of multiple disturbances. However, in many cases, the streambed-elevation data sets provide a reliable representation of the past streambed gradation, with some sites showing 6 to 7 meters of degradation since they were straightened. Many sites that had been straightened showed considerable degradation following the disturbance. This indicates that eastern Nebraska stream channels can regain equilibrium mainly through the slope adjustment process of head-ward-progressing degradation.\r\n\r\nBank failures were documented at sites in all eight of the basin groupings analyzed, and widening rates were computed at 64 of 73 sites. Observed bank widening in the Big Blue River Basin, a relatively unstraightened basin, indicates that other disturbances besides stream-channel straightening may be causing channel responses in the basin and possibly in the entire study area.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034003","usgsCitation":"Rus, D.L., Dietsch, B.J., and Simon, A., 2003, Streambed adjustment and channel widening in eastern Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4003, 63 p., 34 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034003.","productDescription":"63 p., 34 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4570,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034003/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rus, David L. 0000-0003-3538-7826 dlrus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3538-7826","contributorId":881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rus","given":"David","email":"dlrus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dietsch, Benjamin J. 0000-0003-1090-409X bdietsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-409X","contributorId":1346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietsch","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdietsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simon, Andrew","contributorId":78334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185658,"text":"70185658 - 2003 - Microbial mercury cycling in sediments of the San Francisco Bay-Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T11:25:07","indexId":"70185658","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial mercury cycling in sediments of the San Francisco Bay-Delta","docAbstract":"Microbial mercury (Hg) methylation and methylmercury (MeHg) degradation processes were examined using radiolabled model Hg compounds in San Francisco Bay-Delta surface sediments during three seasonal periods: late winter, spring, and fall. Strong seasonal and spatial differences were evident for both processes. MeHg production rates were positively correlated with microbial sulfate reduction rates during late winter only. MeHg production potential was also greatest during this period and decreased during spring and fall. This temporal trend was related both to an increase in gross MeHg degradation, driven by increasing temperature, and to a build-up in pore water sulfide and solid phase reduced sulfur driven by increased sulfate reduction during the warmer seasons. MeHg production decreased sharply with depth at two of three sites, both of which exhibited a corresponding increase in reduced sulfur compounds with depth. One site that was comparatively oxidized and alkaline exhibited little propensity for net MeHg production. These results support the hypothesis that net MeHg production is greatest when and where gross MeHg degradation rates are low and dissolved and solid phase reduced sulfur concentrations are low.
","language":"English","publisher":"Estuarine Research Federation","doi":"10.1007/BF02803660","usgsCitation":"Marvin-DiPasquale, M., and Agee, J.L., 2003, Microbial mercury cycling in sediments of the San Francisco Bay-Delta: Estuaries, v. 26, no. 6, p. 1517-1528, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02803660.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"1517","endPage":"1528","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.90155029296875,\n 37.77505678240509\n ],\n [\n -121.26983642578124,\n 37.77505678240509\n ],\n [\n -121.26983642578124,\n 38.34165619279595\n ],\n [\n -121.90155029296875,\n 38.34165619279595\n ],\n [\n -121.90155029296875,\n 37.77505678240509\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da251be4b0543bf7fda80a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":149175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agee, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-5964-5079 jlagee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5964-5079","contributorId":2586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agee","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlagee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":52668,"text":"cir1260 - 2003 - Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70194921,"text":"70194921 - 2003 - Determining temperature and thermal properties for heat-based studies of surface-water ground-water interactions: Appendix A of Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams (Cir1260)","indexId":"70194921","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"chapter":"Appendix A","title":"Determining temperature and thermal properties for heat-based studies of surface-water ground-water interactions: Appendix A of Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams (Cir1260)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":52668,"text":"cir1260 - 2003 - Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams","indexId":"cir1260","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T20:01:42.588471","indexId":"cir1260","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1260","title":"Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams","docAbstract":"Stream temperature has long been recognized as an important water quality parameter. Temperature plays a key role in the health of a stream’s aquatic life, both in the water column and in the benthic habitat of streambed sediments. Many fish are sensitive to temperature. For example, anadromous salmon require specific temperature ranges to successfully develop, migrate, and spawn [see Halupka and others, 2000]. Metabolic rates, oxygen requirements and availability, predation patterns, and susceptibility of organisms to contaminants are but a few of the many environmental responses regulated by temperature.
Hydrologists traditionally treated streams and ground water as distinct, independent resources to be utilized and managed separately. With increasing demands on water supplies, however, hydrologists realized that streams and ground water are parts of a single, interconnected resource [see Winter and others, 1998]. Attempts to distinguish these resources for analytical or regulatory purposes are fraught with difficulty because each domain can supply (or drain) the other, with attendant possibilities for contamination exchange. Sustained depletion of one resource usually results in depletion of the other, propagating adverse effects within the watershed.
An understanding of the interconnections between surface water and ground water is therefore essential. This understanding is still incomplete, but receiving growing attention from the research community. Exchanges between streams and shallow ground-water systems play a key role in controlling temperatures not only in streams, but also in their underlying sediments. As a result, analyses of subsurface temperature patterns provide information about surface-water/ground-water interactions.
Chemical tracers are commonly used for tracing flow between streams and ground water. Introduction of chemical tracers in near-stream environments is, however, limited by real and perceived issues regarding introduced contamination and practical constraints. As an alternative, naturally occurring variations in temperature can be used to track (or trace) the heat carried by flowing water. The hydraulic transport of heat enables its use as a tracer.
Differences between temperatures in the stream and surrounding sediments are now being analyzed to trace the movement of ground water to and from streams. As shown in the subsequent chapters of this circular, tracing the transport of heat leads to a better understanding of the magnitudes and mechanisms of stream/ground-water exchanges, and helps quantify the resulting effects on stream and streambed temperatures.
Chapter 1 describes the general principals and procedures by which the natural transport of heat can be utilized to infer the movement of subsurface water near streams. This information sets the foundation for understanding the advanced applications in chapters 2 through 8. Each of these chapters provides a case study, using heat tracing as a tool, of interactions between surface water and ground water for a different location in the western United States. Technical details of the use of heat as an environmental tracer appear in appendices.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1260","usgsCitation":"2003, Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1260, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1260.","productDescription":"96 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1260.bmp"},{"id":5166,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/circ1260/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402634,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68302.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63c563","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726122,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726123,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53233,"text":"ofr03243 - 2003 - So you want to stop bluff erosion? You'd better plan ahead. Field trip, April 12th 2003 Assateaque Shelf and Shore Workshop 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-02T20:40:09.445843","indexId":"ofr03243","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-243","title":"So you want to stop bluff erosion? You'd better plan ahead. Field trip, April 12th 2003 Assateaque Shelf and Shore Workshop 2003","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03243","usgsCitation":"Larsen, C., and Clark, I.E., 2003, So you want to stop bluff erosion? You'd better plan ahead. Field trip, April 12th 2003 Assateaque Shelf and Shore Workshop 2003 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-243, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03243.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":388814,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_61992.htm"},{"id":4886,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-243","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Calvert County","otherGeospatial":"Calvert Cliffs, Cove Point","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.431884765625,\n 38.34057907754285\n ],\n [\n -76.35910034179688,\n 38.34057907754285\n ],\n [\n -76.35910034179688,\n 38.424545962509164\n ],\n [\n -76.431884765625,\n 38.424545962509164\n ],\n [\n -76.431884765625,\n 38.34057907754285\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5ede1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Curt","contributorId":41506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Curt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Inga E. 0000-0003-0084-0256 iclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-0256","contributorId":3256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Inga","email":"iclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":52925,"text":"wri034119 - 2003 - Preliminary assessment of microbial communities and biodegradation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in wetlands at Cluster 13, Lauderick Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-17T06:35:26","indexId":"wri034119","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4119","title":"Preliminary assessment of microbial communities and biodegradation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in wetlands at Cluster 13, Lauderick Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","docAbstract":"A preliminary assessment of the microbial communities and biodegradation processes for chlorinated volatile organic compounds was con-ducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in wetlands at the Cluster 13, Lauderick Creek area at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. The U.S. Geological Survey collected wetland sediment samples from 11 sites in the Lauderick Creek area for microbial analyses, and used existing data to evaluate biodegradation processes and rates. The bacterial and methanogen communities in the Lauderick Creek wetland sediments were similar to those observed in a previous U.S. Geological Survey study at the West Branch Canal Creek wet-land area, Aberdeen Proving Ground. Evaluation of the degradation rate of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and the daughter compounds produced also showed similar results for the two wetlands. How-ever, a vertical profile of contaminant concentra-tions in the wetlands was available at only one site in the Lauderick Creek area, and flow velocities in the wetland sediment are unknown. To better evaluate natural attenuation processes and rates in the wetland sediments at Lauderick Creek, chemi-cal and hydrologic measurements are needed along ground-water flowpaths in the wetland at additional sites and during different seasons. Nat-ural attenuation in the wetlands, enhanced biore-mediation, and constructed wetlands could be feasible remediation methods for the chlorinated volatile organic compounds discharging in the Lauderick Creek area. The similarities in the microbial communities and biodegradation pro-cesses at the Lauderick Creek and West Branch Canal Creek areas indicate that enhanced bioreme-diation techniques currently being developed for the West Branch Canal Creek wetland area would be transferable to this area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034119","usgsCitation":"Lorah, M.M., Voytek, M.A., and Spencer, T.A., 2003, Preliminary assessment of microbial communities and biodegradation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in wetlands at Cluster 13, Lauderick Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4119, vi, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034119.","productDescription":"vi, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4907","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X mmlorah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X","contributorId":1437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","email":"mmlorah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voytek, Mary A.","contributorId":91943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spencer, Tracey A.","contributorId":59477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Tracey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53105,"text":"ofr03355 - 2003 - Volatile organic compound data from three karst springs in middle Tennessee, February 2000 to May 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:46","indexId":"ofr03355","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-355","title":"Volatile organic compound data from three karst springs in middle Tennessee, February 2000 to May 2001","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Division of Superfund, collected discharge, rainfall, continuous water-quality (temperature, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and pH), and volatile organic compound (VOC) data from three karst springs in Middle Tennessee from February 2000 to May 2001. Continuous monitoring data indicated that each spring responds differently to storms. Water quality and discharge at Wilson Spring, which is located in the Central Basin karst region of Tennessee, changed rapidly after rainfall. Water quality and discharge also varied at Cascade Spring; however, changes did not occur as frequently or as quickly as changes at Wilson Spring. Water quality and discharge at Big Spring at Rutledge Falls changed little in response to storms. Cascade Spring and Big Spring at Rutledge Falls are located in similar hydrogeologic settings on the escarpment of the Highland Rim. \r\n\r\nNonisokinetic dip-sampling methods were used to collect VOC samples from the springs during base-flow conditions. During selected storms, automatic samplers were used to collect water samples at Cascade Spring and Wilson Spring. Water samples were collected as frequently as every 15 minutes at the beginning of a storm, and sampling intervals were gradually increased following a storm. VOC samples were analyzed using a portable gas chromatograph (GC). VOC samples were collected from Wilson, Cascade, and Big Springs during 600, 199, and 55 sampling times, respectively, from February 2000 to May 2001. \r\n\r\nChloroform concentrations detected at Wilson Spring ranged from 0.073 to 34 mg/L (milligrams per liter). Chloroform concentrations changed during most storms; the greatest change detected was during the first storm in fall 2000, when chloroform concentrations increased from about 0.5 to about 34 mg/L. Concentrations of cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-1,2-DCE) detected at Cascade Spring ranged from 0.30 to 1.8 ?g/L (micrograms per liter) and gradually decreased between November 2000 and May 2001. In addition to the gradual decrease in cis-1,2-DCE concentrations, some additional decreases were detected during storms. VOC samples collected at weekly intervals from Big Spring indicated a gradual decrease in trichloroethylene (TCE) concentrations from approximately 9 to 6 ?g/L between November 2000 and May 2001. Significant changes in TCE concentrations were not detected during individual storms at Big Spring. \r\n\r\nQuality-control samples included trip blanks, equipment blanks, replicates, and field-matrix spike samples. VOC concentrations measured using the portable GC were similar to concentrations in replicate samples analyzed by the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) with the exception of chloroform and TCE concentrations. Chloroform and TCE concentrations detected by the portable GC were consistently lower (median percent differences of ?19.2 and ?17.4, respectively) than NWQL results. High correlations, however, were observed between concentrations detected by the portable GC and concentrations detected by the NWQL (Pearson?s r > 0.96). VOC concentrations in automatically collected samples were similar to concentrations in replicates collected using dip-sampling methods. More than 80 percent of the VOC concentrations measured in automatically collected samples were within 12 percent of concentrations in dip samples.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03355","usgsCitation":"Williams, S.D., and Farmer, J., 2003, Volatile organic compound data from three karst springs in middle Tennessee, February 2000 to May 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-355, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03355.","productDescription":"69 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4666,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr03355/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":175260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49abe4b07f02db5c5a4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Shannon D. swilliam@usgs.gov","contributorId":4133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Shannon","email":"swilliam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farmer, James","contributorId":37407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53215,"text":"ofr03421 - 2003 - 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of igneous rocks in the Taylor Mountains and Dillingham quadrangles in SW Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-18T22:01:30.99592","indexId":"ofr03421","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-421","displayTitle":"40Ar/39Ar geochronology of igneous rocks in the Taylor Mountains and Dillingham quadrangles in SW Alaska","title":"40Ar/39Ar geochronology of igneous rocks in the Taylor Mountains and Dillingham quadrangles in SW Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03421","usgsCitation":"Iriondo, A., Kunk, M.J., and Wilson, F.H., 2003, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of igneous rocks in the Taylor Mountains and Dillingham quadrangles in SW Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-421, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03421.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494270,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_61859.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4842,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-421/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":179524,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Taylor Mountains and Dillingham quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -159,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -159,\n 61\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4932e4b0b290850eef80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iriondo, Alexander","contributorId":23619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iriondo","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53230,"text":"ofr03345 - 2003 - Ground-water quality of the southern High Plains aquifer, Texas and New Mexico, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T13:20:32","indexId":"ofr03345","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-345","title":"Ground-water quality of the southern High Plains aquifer, Texas and New Mexico, 2001","docAbstract":"In 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program collected water samples from 48 wells in the southern High Plains as part of a larger scientific effort to broadly characterize and understand factors affecting water quality of the High Plains aquifer across the entire High Plains. Water samples were collected primarily from domestic wells in Texas and eastern New Mexico. Depths of wells sampled ranged from 100 to 500 feet, with a median depth of 201 feet. Depths to water ranged from 34 to 445 feet below land surface, with a median depth of 134 feet. Of 240 properties or constituents measured or analyzed, 10 exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency public drinking-water standards or guidelines in one or more samples - arsenic, boron, chloride, dissolved solids, fluoride, manganese, nitrate, radon, strontium, and sulfate. Measured dissolved solids concentrations in 29 samples were larger than the public drinking-water guideline of 500 milligrams per liter. Fluoride concentrations in 16 samples, mostly in the southern part of the study area, were larger than the public drinking-water standard of 4 milligrams per liter. Nitrate was detected in all samples, and concentrations in six samples were larger than the public drinking-water standard of 10 milligrams per liter. Arsenic concentrations in 14 samples in the southern part of the study area were larger than the new (2002) public drinking-water standard of 10 micrograms per liter. Radon concentrations in 36 samples were larger than a proposed public drinking-water standard of 300 picocuries per liter. Pesticides were detected at very small concentrations, less than 1 microgram per liter, in less than 20 percent of the samples. The most frequently detected compounds were atrazine and breakdown products of atrazine, a finding similar to those of National Water-Quality Assessment aquifer studies across the Nation. Four volatile organic compounds were detected at small concentrations in six water samples. About 70 percent of the 48 primarily domestic wells sampled contained some fraction of recently (less than about 50 years ago) recharged ground water, as indicated by the presence of one or more pesticides, or tritium or nitrate concentrations greater than threshold levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03345","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Fahlquist, L., 2003, Ground-water quality of the southern High Plains aquifer, Texas and New Mexico, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-345, vii, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03345.","productDescription":"vii, 59 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340199,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0345/ofr03345.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 03-345"},{"id":174143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0345/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico, Texas ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.1671142578125,\n 35.49198366469642\n ],\n [\n -103.24951171875,\n 35.545635932499415\n ],\n [\n -103.4857177734375,\n 35.55457449014312\n ],\n [\n -103.64501953125,\n 35.55904339525896\n ],\n [\n -103.88671875,\n 35.44724605551148\n ],\n [\n -104.1119384765625,\n 35.34425514918409\n ],\n [\n -104.183349609375,\n 35.02099970111467\n ],\n [\n -104.3096923828125,\n 34.69194468425019\n ],\n [\n -104.27124023437499,\n 34.35704160076073\n ],\n [\n -104.205322265625,\n 34.02990029603907\n ],\n [\n -104.0899658203125,\n 33.261656767328006\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 32.89803818160521\n ],\n [\n -103.77685546875,\n 32.685619853722\n ],\n [\n -103.3428955078125,\n 32.48659682936049\n ],\n [\n -103.0517578125,\n 32.27320009948135\n ],\n [\n -102.799072265625,\n 32.08257455954592\n ],\n [\n -102.2662353515625,\n 31.732839253650067\n ],\n [\n -102.030029296875,\n 31.62999849900255\n ],\n [\n -101.744384765625,\n 31.74685416292141\n ],\n [\n -101.53564453124999,\n 31.89621446335144\n ],\n [\n -101.4202880859375,\n 32.040676557717454\n ],\n [\n -101.3214111328125,\n 32.16631295696736\n ],\n [\n -101.304931640625,\n 32.25926542645933\n ],\n [\n -101.31591796875,\n 32.43097672054704\n ],\n [\n -101.4532470703125,\n 32.519026027827515\n ],\n [\n -101.590576171875,\n 32.708733368521585\n ],\n [\n -101.4862060546875,\n 32.773419354975175\n ],\n [\n -101.4971923828125,\n 33.0178760185549\n ],\n [\n -101.35986328125,\n 33.05932046347212\n ],\n [\n -101.3214111328125,\n 33.23868752757414\n ],\n [\n -101.3983154296875,\n 33.4039312002347\n ],\n [\n -101.18408203124999,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -101.1016845703125,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -100.92041015625,\n 33.5963189611327\n ],\n [\n -100.87646484375,\n 33.779147331286474\n ],\n [\n -100.909423828125,\n 33.97980872872457\n ],\n [\n -101.10717773437499,\n 34.27083595165\n ],\n [\n -101.09619140625,\n 34.45674800347809\n ],\n [\n -101.0797119140625,\n 34.56990638085636\n ],\n [\n -101.326904296875,\n 34.687427949314845\n ],\n [\n -101.3818359375,\n 34.84085858477277\n ],\n [\n -101.72241210937499,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -101.8597412109375,\n 35.11990857099681\n ],\n [\n -102.0245361328125,\n 35.200744801724014\n ],\n [\n -102.3046875,\n 35.33977430038646\n ],\n [\n -102.5628662109375,\n 35.411438052435464\n ],\n [\n -102.8594970703125,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -103.0902099609375,\n 35.47856499535729\n ],\n [\n -103.1671142578125,\n 35.49198366469642\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","tableOfContents":"Recently published diatom biochronologies provide accurate (to 0.1 m.y.) determination of the ages of appearances and disappearances of planktonic diatoms during the past 18 m.y. in the equatorial Pacific, North Pacific, and Southern Ocean. Comparisons of these records reveal the age of evolutionary appearance and extinction of species and their region of origin. Extinct planktonic diatom species have a mean longevity of 3.4 ± 2.8 m.y. (SD, n = 53) in the equatorial Pacific, 2.5 ± 2.1 m.y. (n = 52) in the North Pacific, and 2.9 ± 2.3 m.y. (n = 38) in the Southern Ocean. The relatively large standard deviations are likely due to the inclusion of taxa that probably could be subdivided into two or more species. In the equatorial Pacific, evolutionary turnover of diatom species was relatively high between 18.0 and 6.0 Ma compared with the period after 6.0 Ma, presumably reflecting changing oceanic circulation and evolving water masses. In the North Pacific, evolutionary turnover speaked between 10.0 and 4.5 Ma, with increasing high-latitude cooling and enhanced provincialism. In the Southern Ocean, evolutionary turnover of endemic diatoms was greatest between 5.0 and 1.6 Ma, which provides evidence for the strong provincial character of Pliocene diatom assemblages. Taken as a whole, oceanic diatom assemblages became increasingly provincial in character during the late Miocene and Pliocene, as pole-to-equator thermal gradients increased and oceanic frontal systems were strengthened.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/0269249X.2003.9705588","usgsCitation":"Barron, J.A., 2003, Planktonic marine diatom record of the past 18 m.y.: Appearances and extinctions in the pacific and southern oceans: Diatom Research, v. 18, no. 2, p. 203-224, https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2003.9705588.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"224","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, John A.","contributorId":116559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70201077,"text":"70201077 - 2003 - Integrating growing season satellite metrics with climate data to map and monitor drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-13T09:51:07","indexId":"70201077","displayToPublicDate":"2003-11-30T10:05:30","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Integrating growing season satellite metrics with climate data to map and monitor drought","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Information for risk management and sustainable development","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, 30th","conferenceDate":"November 10-14, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, Hawaii","language":"English","publisher":"International Center for Remote Sensing of Environment (ICRSE)","usgsCitation":"Brown, J.F., and Tadesse, T., 2003, Integrating growing season satellite metrics with climate data to map and monitor drought, in Information for risk management and sustainable development, Honolulu, Hawaii, November 10-14, 2003, CD Rom.","productDescription":"CD Rom","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359697,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bfe65e5e4b0815414ca6107","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":176609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tadesse, Tsegaye 0000-0002-4102-1137","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4102-1137","contributorId":147617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tadesse","given":"Tsegaye","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206781,"text":"70206781 - 2003 - From V to U-glaciation and valley sculpture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-21T14:25:50","indexId":"70206781","displayToPublicDate":"2003-11-21T14:23:50","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5887,"text":"Yosemite","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From V to U-glaciation and valley sculpture","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Yosemite Association","usgsCitation":"Huber, N., 2003, From V to U-glaciation and valley sculpture: Yosemite, v. 65, no. 4, p. 6-8.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huber, N.K.","contributorId":73610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"N.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210110,"text":"70210110 - 2003 - Thermal and chemical variations in subcrustal cratonic lithosphere: Evidence from crustal isostasy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-14T15:49:36.352635","indexId":"70210110","displayToPublicDate":"2003-11-06T10:47:08","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2588,"text":"LITHOS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal and chemical variations in subcrustal cratonic lithosphere: Evidence from crustal isostasy","docAbstract":"The Earth's topography at short wavelengths results from active tectonic processes, whereas at long wavelengths it is largely determined by isostatic adjustment for the density and thickness of the crust. Using a global crustal model, we estimate the long-wavelength topography that is not due to crustal isostasy. Our most important finding is that cratons are generally depressed by 300 to 1500 m in comparison with predictions from pure crustal isostasy. We conclude that either: (1) cratonic roots may be 50 to 300 °C colder than previously suggested by thermal models, or (2) cratonic roots may be, on average, less depleted than suggested by studies of shallow mantle xenoliths. Alternatively, (3) some combination of these conditions may exist. The thermal explanation is consistent with recent geothermal studies that indicate low cratonic temperatures, as well as seismic studies that show very low seismic attenuation at long periods (150 s) beneath cratons. The petrologic explanation is consistent with recent studies of deep (>140 km) mantle xenoliths from the Kaapvaal and Slave cratons that show 1–2% higher densities compared with shallow (<140 km), highly depleted xenoliths.