Between October 2002 and January 2003, geophysical logging was conducted in six boreholes at the Berks Sand Pit Superfund Site, Longswamp Township, Berks County, Pa., to determine (1) the waterproducing zones, water-receiving zones, zones of vertical borehole flow, orientation of fractures, and borehole and casing depth; and (2) the hydraulic interconnection between the six boreholes and the site extraction well. The boreholes range in depth from 61 to 270 feet. Geophysical logging included collection of caliper, natural-gamma, single-point-resistance, fluid-temperature, fluid-flow, and acoustic-televiewer logs. Caliper and acoustic-televiewer logs were used to locate fractures, joints, and weathered zones. Inflections on fluid-temperature and single-point-resistance logs indicated possible water-bearing fractures, and flowmeter measurements verified these locations. Single-point-resistance, natural-gamma, and geologist logs provided information on stratigraphy. Flowmeter measurements were conducted while the site extraction well was pumping and when it was inactive to determine the hydraulic connections between the extraction well and the boreholes.
Borehole geophysical logging and heatpulse flowmetering indicate active flow in the boreholes. Two of the boreholes are in ground-water discharge areas, two boreholes are in ground-water recharge areas, and one borehole is in an intermediate regime. Flow was not determined in one borehole. Heatpulse flowmetering, in conjunction with the geologist logs, indicates highly weathered zones in the granitic gneiss can be permeable and effective transmitters of water, confirming the presence of a two-tiered ground-water-flow system. The effort to determine a hydraulic connection between the site extraction well and six logged boreholes was not conclusive. Three boreholes showed decreases in depth to water after pumping of the site extraction well; in two boreholes, the depth to water increased. One borehole was cased its entire depth and was not revisited after it was logged by the caliper log. Substantial change in flow rates or direction of borehole flow was not observed in any of the three wells logged with the heatpulse flowmeter when the site extraction well was pumping and when it was inactive.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03399","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Low, D.J., and Conger, R.W., 2003, Description of borehole geophysical and geologist logs, Berks Sand Pit Superfund Site, Longswamp Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-399, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03399.","productDescription":"29 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0399/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":4794,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0399/ofr20030399.pdf","text":"Report","size":"548 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2003-0399"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Mercury and methylmercury concentrations were measured in mine wastes, stream sediments, and stream waters collected both proximal and distal from abandoned mercury mines to evaluate mercury contamination and mercury methylation in the Humboldt River system. The climate in the study area is arid, and due to the lack of mine-water runoff, water-leaching laboratory experiments were used to evaluate the potential of mine wastes to release mercury. Mine-waste calcine contains mercury concentrations as high as 14,000 µg/g. Stream-sediment samples collected within 1 km of the mercury mines studied contain mercury concentrations as high as 170 µg/g, but sediments collected from the Humboldt River and regional baseline sites have much lower mercury contents, less than 0.44 µg/g. Similarly, methylmercury concentrations in mine-waste calcine are locally as high as 96 ng/g, but methylmercury contents in stream sediments collected downstream from the mines and from the Humboldt River are lower (<0.05–0.95 ng/g). Stream-water samples collected below two mines studied contain mercury concentrations ranging from 6 to 2,000 ng/L, whereas mercury contents in Humboldt River and Rye Patch Reservoir water were generally lower, ranging from 2.1 to 9.0 ng/L. Methylmercury concentrations in Humboldt River system water were the lowest in this study (<0.02– 0.27 ng/L). Although mercury and methylmercury concentrations were elevated in some mine-waste calcine and mercury concentrations were locally high in mine-waste leachate samples, data show significant dilution of mercury and lower mercury methylation down gradient from the mines, especially in the sediments and water collected from the Humboldt River, which is more than 8 km from any mercury mines. Data show only minor, local transference of mercury and methylmercury from mine-waste calcine to stream sediment, and then onto the water column, and indicate little transference of mercury from the mine sites to the Humboldt River system.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoenvironmental Investigations of the Humboldt River Basin, Northern Nevada","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2210C","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., and Stillings, L., 2003, Leaching, transport, and methylation of mercury in and around abandoned mercury mines in the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2210, v, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2210C.","productDescription":"v, 15 p.","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":390990,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_58925.htm"},{"id":4792,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2210-c/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Humboldt River basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.5,40.1 ], [ -118.5,42 ], [ -116.2833,42 ], [ -116.2833,40.1 ], [ -118.5,40.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4826","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, John E. jgray@usgs.gov","contributorId":1275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stillings, Lisa L. 0000-0002-9011-8891 stilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-8891","contributorId":3143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"Lisa L.","email":"stilling@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":52927,"text":"wri034028 - 2003 - Quality and sources of shallow ground water in areas of recent residential development in Salt Lake Valley, Salt Lake County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T15:52:30","indexId":"wri034028","displayToPublicDate":"2003-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4028","title":"Quality and sources of shallow ground water in areas of recent residential development in Salt Lake Valley, Salt Lake County, Utah","docAbstract":"Residential and commercial development of about 80 square miles that primarily replaced undeveloped and agricultural areas occurred in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, from 1963 to 1994. This study evaluates the occurrence and distribution of natural and anthropogenic compounds in shallow ground water underlying recently developed (post 1963) residential and commercial areas. Monitoring wells from 23 to 153 feet deep were installed at 30 sites. Water-quality data for the monitoring wells consist of analyses of field parameters, major ions, trace elements, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds.
Dissolved-solids concentration ranged from 134 to 2,910 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in water from the 30 monitoring wells. Dissolved arsenic concentration in water from 12 wells exceeded the drinking-water maximum contaminant level of 10 micrograms per liter. Water from monitoring wells in the northwestern part of the valley generally contained higher arsenic concentrations than did water from other areas. Nitrate concentration in water sampled from 26 of the 30 monitoring wells (86.7 percent) was higher than a background level of 2 mg/L, indicating a possible human influence. Nitrate concentrations ranged from less than 0.05 to 13.3 mg/L.
Fifteen of the 104 pesticides and pesticide degradation products analyzed for were detected in 1 or more water samples from the monitoring wells. No pesticides were detected at concentrations that exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standards or guidelines for 2002. The high detection frequency of atrazine, a restricted-use pesticide, in residential areas on the west side of Salt Lake Valley may be the result of application in agricultural or industrial areas that have been converted to residential uses or application in areas upgradient from the residential areas that was then transported by ground water.
Fifteen of the 86 volatile organic compounds analyzed for were detected in 1 or more water samples from the monitoring wells. The most frequently detected volatile organic compounds were chloroform (90 percent), bromodichloromethane (56.7 percent), tetrachloroethylene (53.3 percent), and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (50 percent). The widespread occurrence of chloroform and bromodichloromethane in shallow ground water is likely a result of the recharge of chlorinated public-supply water used to irrigate lawns and gardens in residential areas of Salt Lake Valley. Tetrachloroethylene (PCE), primarily used as a dry cleaning agent and solvent, was detected in water from 16 wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/wri034028","usgsCitation":"Thiros, S.A., 2003, Quality and sources of shallow ground water in areas of recent residential development in Salt Lake Valley, Salt Lake County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4028, viii, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034028.","productDescription":"viii, 74 p.","numberOfPages":"84","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":5015,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034028/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":175009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334629,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034028/PDF/WRI034028.pdf"}],"country":"United 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Elliott united with the Preliminary field report of the United States Geological Survey of Colorado and New Mexico, 1869, by F.V. Hayden","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:40","indexId":"ofr03384","displayToPublicDate":"2003-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-384","title":"Digital archive : previously unpublished expedition sketches by Henry W. Elliott united with the Preliminary field report of the United States Geological Survey of Colorado and New Mexico, 1869, by F.V. Hayden","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03384","usgsCitation":"McKinney, K.C., 2003, Digital archive : previously unpublished expedition sketches by Henry W. Elliott united with the Preliminary field report of the United States Geological Survey of Colorado and New Mexico, 1869, by F.V. Hayden (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-384, 1 CD-ROM : ill. (some col.) ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03384.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM : ill. (some col.) ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":254788,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0384/report.pdf","size":"40960","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0384/report-thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4613","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKinney, Kevin C. kcmckinney@usgs.gov","contributorId":3406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinney","given":"Kevin","email":"kcmckinney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":246894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70161950,"text":"70161950 - 2003 - Resource allocation in offspring provisioning: An evaluation of the conditions favoring the evolution of matrotrophy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T10:33:09","indexId":"70161950","displayToPublicDate":"2003-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":740,"text":"American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resource allocation in offspring provisioning: An evaluation of the conditions favoring the evolution of matrotrophy","docAbstract":"We used analytic and simulation models to determine the ecological conditions favoring evolution of a matrotrophic fish from a lecithotrophic ancestor given a complex set of trade‐offs. Matrotrophy is the nourishment of viviparous embryos by resources provided between fertilization and parturition, while lecithotrophy describes embryo nourishment provided before fertilization. In fishes and reptiles, embryo nourishment encompasses a continuum from solely lecithotrophic to primarily matrotrophic. Matrotrophy has evolved independently from lecithotrophic ancestors many times in many groups. We assumed matrotrophy increased the number of offspring a viviparous female could gestate and evaluated conditions of food availability favoring lecithotrophy or matrotrophy. The matrotrophic strategy was superior when food resources exceeded demand during gestation but at a risk of overproduction and reproductive failure if food intake was limited. Matrotrophic females were leaner during gestation than lecithotrophic females, yielding shorter life spans. Our models suggest that matrotrophic embryo nourishment evolved in environments with high food availability, consistently exceeding energy requirements for maintaining relatively large broods. Embryo abortion with some resorption of invested energy is a necessary preadaptation to the evolution of matrotrophy. Future work should explore trade‐offs of age‐specific mortality and reproductive output for females maintaining different levels of fat storage during gestation.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/378822","usgsCitation":"Trexler, J.C., and DeAngelis, D., 2003, Resource allocation in offspring provisioning: An evaluation of the conditions favoring the evolution of matrotrophy: American Naturalist, v. 162, no. 5, p. 574-585, https://doi.org/10.1086/378822.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"574","endPage":"585","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"162","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e04fe4b039675d005e60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trexler, Joel C.","contributorId":36267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trexler","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206330,"text":"70206330 - 2003 - Tectonic evolution of the Proterozoic Colorado Province, Southern Rocky Mountains: A summary and appraisal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-31T06:48:30","indexId":"70206330","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-30T14:55:27","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3310,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic evolution of the Proterozoic Colorado Province, Southern Rocky Mountains: A summary and appraisal","docAbstract":"The Colorado province is a major component of a >1000-km-wide belt of Paleoproterozoic ocean-arc rocks that occupies the southwestern United States. Known as the Transcontinental Proterozoic provinces, this belt of largely juvenile rocks was added to the southern margin of the North American craton during the interval 1.8-1.70 Ga by convergent tectonism along the Cheyenne belt. A growing body of data suggests that these rocks were deposited, at least locally, on older rocks of earliest Proterozoic and Archean ages, probably correlative with the Trans-Hudson and Penokean orogens. The volcano-plutonic and associated sedimentary rocks of the Colorado province record two major, regional orogenies: (1) an older, protracted thermotectonic episode (1.78-1.70 Ga), named the Colorado orogeny, which involved mainly amphibolite-facies metamorphism during piecemeal assembly of various ocean-arc terranes; and (2) a younger, Mesoproterozoic intra-continental orogeny, named the Berthoud orogeny, which involved associated regional heating and A-type plutonism chiefly during the interval 1.45-1.40 Ga. The term \"Colorado orogeny\" is proposed for the regional Paleoproterozoic dynamothermal deformation. To distinguish differences in the geodynamics and ages of deformation and facilitate comparisons from place to place, type localities are proposed for separate phases or events of the Colorado orogeny. The central Front Range is suggested as a type area for the Berthoud orogeny, because the character and orientation of structures there are readily distinguished from those of the older Colorado orogeny.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Wyoming","doi":"10.2113/gsrocky.38.2.183","usgsCitation":"Sims, P., and Stein, H.J., 2003, Tectonic evolution of the Proterozoic Colorado Province, Southern Rocky Mountains: A summary and appraisal: Rocky Mountain Geology, v. 38, no. 2, p. 183-204, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsrocky.38.2.183.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"204","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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seismologists","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-31T06:51:03","indexId":"70206327","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-30T14:46:28","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Old Seismic bulletins to 1920: A collective heritage from early seismologists","docAbstract":"This chapter focuses on collective heritage from early seismologists. Scientists began systematic instrumental observation of earthquakes in the latter part of the 19 th century. Several authors describe the history of the development of an adequate instrumentation for seismology. In the 1880s, scientists in Italy, Japan, and Germany began to record more or less continuously the ground motion with their newly developed seismographs. Because of the limited ability to reproduce the original (analog) paper seismograms, seismologists had to describe their observations in words and numbers. The recording instruments were able to produce seismograms in which one could distinguish between the onsets of all three wave types (i.e., P, S, and surface waves), and a common vocabulary for the description of these records was developed. During the last half of the 19 th century, scientists in many countries began to systematically collect data of macro seismically observed earthquakes and the locations of these events, known only on the basis of such data. In some countries, scientists and/or their governments established special committees or commissions to do this work. The earthquake lists and bulletin data from the early seismic stations not only document the history of seismology but also have intrinsic scientific value. Even today, these old bulletins are needed for event relocation as our technique for earthquake location improves. They are also useful for magnitude analysis to establish a consistent magnitude scale.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0074-6142(03)80300-5","usgsCitation":"Schweitzer, J., and Lee, W., 2003, Old Seismic bulletins to 1920: A collective heritage from early seismologists, chap. of International Geophysics, v. 81 B, p. 1665-1723, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0074-6142(03)80300-5.","productDescription":"59 p.","startPage":"1665","endPage":"1723","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368750,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schweitzer, Johannes","contributorId":220122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schweitzer","given":"Johannes","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, W.H.K.","contributorId":35303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189684,"text":"70189684 - 2003 - JUPITER project—Merging inverse problem formulation technologies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-20T10:16:14","indexId":"70189684","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"JUPITER project—Merging inverse problem formulation technologies","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Uncertainty, Sensitivity, and Parameter Estimation for Multimedia Environmental Modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Workshop on Uncertainty, Sensitivity, and Parameter Estimation for Multimedia Environmental Modeling","conferenceDate":"August 19-21, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Rockville, Maryland","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Steering Committee on Multimedia Environmental Models","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., Poeter, E., Doherty, J., Banta, E.R., and Babendreier, J., 2003, JUPITER project—Merging inverse problem formulation technologies, chap. of Proceedings of the International Workshop on Uncertainty, Sensitivity, and Parameter Estimation for Multimedia Environmental Modeling, p. 57-58.","productDescription":"2 p. ","startPage":"57","endPage":"58","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344108,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"ftp://brrcrftp.cr.usgs.gov/pub/mows/pubs/leavesley_pubs/leavesley_pdf/cp0187.pdf#page=71"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5971c1c7e4b0ec1a4885daf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeter, Eileen","contributorId":24616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"Eileen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doherty, John","contributorId":43843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Banta, Edward R. 0000-0001-8132-9315 erbanta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8132-9315","contributorId":2202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"Edward","email":"erbanta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Babendreier, Justin","contributorId":194926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Babendreier","given":"Justin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70185130,"text":"70185130 - 2003 - Airflows and turbulent flux measurements in mountainous terrain: Part 1. Canopy and local effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:58:27","indexId":"70185130","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Airflows and turbulent flux measurements in mountainous terrain: Part 1. Canopy and local effects","docAbstract":"We have studied the effects of local topography and canopy structure on turbulent flux measurements at a site located in mountainous terrain within a subalpine, coniferous forest. Our primary aim was to determine whether the complex terrain of the site affects the accuracy of eddy flux measurements from a practical perspective. We observed displacement heights, roughness lengths, spectral peaks, turbulent length scales, and profiles of turbulent intensities that were comparable in magnitude and pattern to those reported for forest canopies in simpler terrain. We conclude that in many of these statistical measures, the local canopy exerts considerably more influence than does topographical complexity. Lack of vertical flux divergence and modeling suggests that the flux footprints for the site are within the standards acceptable for the application of flux statistics. We investigated three different methods of coordinate rotation: double rotation (DR), triple rotation (TR), and planar-fit rotation (PF). Significant variability in rotation angles at low wind speeds was encountered with the commonly used DR and TR methods, as opposed to the PF method, causing some overestimation of the fluxes. However, these differences in fluxes were small when applied to large datasets involving sensible heat and CO2 fluxes. We observed evidence of frequent drainage flows near the ground during stable, stratified conditions at night. Concurrent with the appearance of these flows, we observed a positive bias in the mean vertical wind speed, presumably due to subtle topographic variations inducing a flow convergence below the measurement sensors. In the presence of such drainage flows, advection of scalars and non-zero bias in the mean vertical wind speed can complicate closure of the mass conservation budget at the site.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00136-9","usgsCitation":"Turnipseed, A.A., Anderson, D.E., Blanken, P.D., Baugh, W.M., and Monson, R.K., 2003, Airflows and turbulent flux measurements in mountainous terrain: Part 1. Canopy and local effects: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 119, no. 1-2, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00136-9.","productDescription":"21 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52d1e4b0849ce97c86d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turnipseed, Andrew A.","contributorId":189304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turnipseed","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Dean E. deander@usgs.gov","contributorId":662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Dean","email":"deander@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":684459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blanken, Peter D.","contributorId":189305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanken","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baugh, William M.","contributorId":189306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baugh","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Monson, Russell K.","contributorId":48136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70206187,"text":"70206187 - 2003 - EGS over easy: Reinvigorating tired geothermal systems and upgrading marginal ones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T15:51:12.23994","indexId":"70206187","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-24T14:19:49","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5879,"text":"Geothermal Resources Council Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"EGS over easy: Reinvigorating tired geothermal systems and upgrading marginal ones","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","issn":"0160-7782","usgsCitation":"Sass, J., and Duffield, W., 2003, EGS over easy: Reinvigorating tired geothermal systems and upgrading marginal ones: Geothermal Resources Council Bulletin, v. 32, no. 4, p. 150-153.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"150","endPage":"153","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368568,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":401752,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geothermal-library.org/index.php?mode=pubs&action=view&record=7004464"}],"country":"Australia, Iceland, United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cooper Basin, Australia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -24.697265625,\n 63.11463763252091\n ],\n [\n -13.18359375,\n 63.11463763252091\n ],\n [\n -13.18359375,\n 66.96447630005638\n ],\n [\n -24.697265625,\n 66.96447630005638\n ],\n [\n -24.697265625,\n 63.11463763252091\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 138.955078125,\n -30.60009387355006\n ],\n [\n 143.7890625,\n -30.60009387355006\n ],\n [\n 143.7890625,\n -25.641526373065755\n ],\n [\n 138.955078125,\n -25.641526373065755\n ],\n [\n 138.955078125,\n -30.60009387355006\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sass, J.","contributorId":65623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duffield, W.","contributorId":42715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206174,"text":"70206174 - 2003 - Consequences of viscous drag beneath a transform fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-25T06:37:19","indexId":"70206174","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-24T11:01:21","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consequences of viscous drag beneath a transform fault","docAbstract":"A transform fault is modeled as a vertical cut through an elastic layer (schizosphere) of thickness overlying a viscous substrate (plastosphere). We consider a steady transform motion accommodated in the schizosphere wholly by slip on the fault and in the plastosphere, insofar as possible, by viscous flow. For the case where the viscosity in the plastosphere is strain rate dependent but independent of temperature, the velocity solution in the plastosphere is θ/π, where is the slip rate on the fault in the schizosphere and and θ are the cylindrical coordinates with the origin at the bottom of the fault. The viscous stress is singular at the bottom of the fault ( = 0) and exceeds the brittle (frictional) strength for . Equating the brittle strength to the viscous stress defines the brittle–ductile boundary in the plastosphere as a function of and viscosity. The additional condition that must be small allows the viscosity to be estimated from . For small , the temperature‐independent solution is a valid approximation to the temperature‐dependent solution, and the relation between viscosity and should remain valid. From the temperature‐independent model, we estimate that self‐heating due to dissipation in the plastosphere for reasonable Earth parameters is less than ∼20°C.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000711","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., and Lachenbruch, A., 2003, Consequences of viscous drag beneath a transform fault: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 108, no. B1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000711.","productDescription":"2025, 13p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000711","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":368553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lachenbruch, A.H.","contributorId":76737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179822,"text":"70179822 - 2003 - Epizootiology and histopathology of Parvicapsula sp. in coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:32:11","indexId":"70179822","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Epizootiology and histopathology of Parvicapsula sp. in coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch","docAbstract":"The epizootiology and histopathology of the myxosporean Parvicapsula sp. was studied during monthly health surveys of 4 groups of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch at a commercial farm in Puget Sound, Washington, USA, from 1984 to 1986. No Parvicapsula sp. was detected in histological samples taken from juvenile fish in fresh water, but the parasite was detected in fish from all groups 2 to 8 mo after transfer to seawater net pens. Groups placed in seawater net pens in November and December had a higher prevalence of infection, and a longer period of continuous detected infection, than those introduced into net pens in May. For the groups transferred to seawater in November and December, the highest infection prevalence (45 to 90%) was detected during the following March and April. Among 13 tissues examined histologically, only the pseudobranch and kidney were positive for Parvicapsula sp., with 26 (62%) of 42 positive fish showing infections only in the pseudobranch, 5 (12%) showing infections only in the kidney, and 11 (26%) showing infections in both organs. Both the pseudobranch and kidney were apparent primary infection sites, but pseudobranch infections appeared to persist longer in a population. Pseudobranch infections were frequently heavy and associated with extensive inflammation and necrosis of filament and lamellar tissues. The kidney had been the only infection site reported for Parvicapsula sp. in previous studies of coho salmon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","usgsCitation":"Yasutake, W.T., and Elliott, D.G., 2003, Epizootiology and histopathology of Parvicapsula sp. in coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 56, p. 215-221.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"215","endPage":"221","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d96e4b01dfadfff159d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yasutake, William T.","contributorId":70444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yasutake","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175111,"text":"70175111 - 2003 - A model for reconstructing the history of sediment deposition in San Pablo Bay Between 1856 and 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T12:58:53","indexId":"70175111","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"A model for reconstructing the history of sediment deposition in San Pablo Bay Between 1856 and 1983","conferenceTitle":"6th biennial state of the estuary conference","conferenceDate":"October 21-23, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Oakland, Calif.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Higgins, S., Smith, R.E., Fuller, C.C., and Jaffe, B.E., 2003, A model for reconstructing the history of sediment deposition in San Pablo Bay Between 1856 and 1983, 6th biennial state of the estuary conference, Oakland, Calif., October 21-23, 2003, p. 8-8.","productDescription":"1 pg.","startPage":"8","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a9ad2ce4b05e859bdfb7be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higgins, S.A.","contributorId":53667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. E.","contributorId":76366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaffe, B. E.","contributorId":88327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70206086,"text":"70206086 - 2003 - Echinochiton dufoei, a new spiny Ordovician chiton","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-22T07:03:59","indexId":"70206086","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-21T12:06:19","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Echinochiton dufoei, a new spiny Ordovician chiton","docAbstract":"Echinochiton dufoei new genus and species is described from the Ordovician age Forreston Member, Grand Detour Formation (Blackriveran) near Beloit, Wisconsin. For a variety of reasons, we regard E. dufoei as a chiton; the species is known from four articulated or partially articulated specimens, one of which has eight plates and two of which have a mucro on the tail plate. Echinochiton dufoei differs from other chitons in having large hollow spines that project from each of the known plates. In plate shape and position, E. dufoei is much like the Upper Cambrian species Matthevia variabilis Walcott, 1885, and the Lower Ordovician species Chelodes whitehousei Runnegar, Pojeta, Taylor, and Collins (1979).
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0022336000044395","usgsCitation":"Pojeta, J., Eernisse, D.J., Hoare, R.D., and Henderson, M.D., 2003, Echinochiton dufoei, a new spiny Ordovician chiton: Journal of Paleontology, v. 77, no. 4, p. 646-654, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000044395.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"646","endPage":"654","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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This relationship is used to estimate 2003 Meher small farmer gross production at 87 =B1 10 million quintals (8.7 million MT2 =B1 1 million MT) of cereals, pulses and other crops, using data from the Central Statistical Authority (CSA). Assuming recent levels of commercial and food aid imports, Belg production and population growth, this estimate will produce a food deficit of about 23 million quintals (2.3 million MT) for 2003-04, smaller than the one experienced during 2002-03 (34 million Qt, or 3.4 million MT), but similar to the deficit experienced in 1997-98. A long-term negative rainfall trend in the southwestern highlands may be aggravating the situation. Increasing food requirements and decreasing precipitation point toward chronic food shortages in the near future.
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