No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1025154219566","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., and Kouda, R., 2003, Introduction to special issue on the Symposium on the Application of Neural Networks to the Earth Sciences: Natural Resources Research, v. 12, p. 153-154, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025154219566.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"154","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":412917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":863998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kouda, Ryoichi","contributorId":198036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kouda","given":"Ryoichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199470,"text":"70199470 - 2003 - A micrometeorological investigation of a restored California wetland ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T09:43:53","indexId":"70199470","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T09:36:23","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1112,"text":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","onlineIssn":"1520-0477","printIssn":"0003-0007","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A micrometeorological investigation of a restored California wetland ecosystem","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","usgsCitation":"Anderson, F., Snyder, R.L., Miller, R., and Drexler, J.Z., 2003, A micrometeorological investigation of a restored California wetland ecosystem: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 84, no. 9, p. 1170-1172.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1170","endPage":"1172","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357464,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":357463,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/26216876"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, Twitchell Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.11029052734374,\n 37.70120736474139\n ],\n [\n -121.19018554687499,\n 37.70120736474139\n ],\n [\n -121.19018554687499,\n 38.32011084501538\n ],\n [\n -122.11029052734374,\n 38.32011084501538\n ],\n [\n -122.11029052734374,\n 37.70120736474139\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10ec84e4b034bf6a80374f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Frank 0000-0002-1418-4678 fanders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-4678","contributorId":167488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Frank","email":"fanders@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snyder, Richard L.","contributorId":167497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":24726,"text":"Department of Land, Air and Water Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Robin L. romiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robin L.","email":"romiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":745504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":167492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":50992,"text":"fs05903 - 2003 - Collecting peak-flow data in Ohio through the use of crest-stage gages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:22","indexId":"fs05903","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"059-03","title":"Collecting peak-flow data in Ohio through the use of crest-stage gages","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs05903","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003, Collecting peak-flow data in Ohio through the use of crest-stage gages: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 059-03, 1 sheet ([2] p.) : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05903.","productDescription":"1 sheet ([2] p.) : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/0059/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86421,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/0059/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae90a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50856,"text":"wri034121 - 2003 - Relation of periphyton and benthic invertebrate communities to environmental factors and land use at selected sites in part of the upper Mississippi River basin, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-08T14:19:00","indexId":"wri034121","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4121","title":"Relation of periphyton and benthic invertebrate communities to environmental factors and land use at selected sites in part of the upper Mississippi River basin, 1996-98","docAbstract":"The Upper Mississippi River Basin is one of the hydrologic systems selected for study by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. NAWQA utilizes a multi-disciplinary approach to explain factors that affect water quality. Part of the NAWQA design addresses the relation of land use and environmental factors to periphyton and benthic invertebrate communities in streams.
\nThis report focuses on a 122,000 square kilometer area of the Mississippi River Basin, including the Twin Cities metropolitan area (TCMA). The northeastern part of the study area is forested, the southwestern part is agricultural, and the central part is transitional between forest and agriculture. Sampling sites were selected based on a process that identified small streams in predominantly forested, agricultural, and urban settings, and large river sites on the Mississippi River and major tributaries. Periphyton and benthic invertebrate communities were evaluated at each site. Compared to the forested site, periphyton density and biovolume in small streams generally increased as nutrient concentrations associated with urban and agricultural land use increased. Periphyton communities varied within agricultural and urban streams, indicating that physical and chemical factors other than land use also affect periphyton communities.
\nBenthic invertebrate communities also are affected by land use and associated stream habitat. There were few intolerant taxa (Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera) in urban streams, potentially due to high streamflow variability and contaminants from runoff. Ephemeroptera taxa richness was greatest in the agricultural streams. The most abundant Ephemeroptera taxa were those tolerant to high concentrations of suspended sediment. Richness of Plecoptera and Trichoptera taxa were greatest in the forested stream. Biological communities in the St. Croix and Minnesota River generally reflected relatively homogeneous land uses.
\nBiological communities in the Mississippi River reflected changes in water quality and physical habitat as the Minnesota and St. Croix Rivers join the Mississippi River. Periphyton density and biovolume, and the relative abundance of blue-green algae density increased in the Mississippi River at the confluence compared to the Minnesota and St. Croix Rivers. Relative abundance of benthic invertebrate taxa richness and diversity generally decreased downstream in the large rivers as urban and agricultural land use become more prevalent. Impoundments and dredging of the Mississippi River in and downstream from the TCMA exacerbate effects of increasing river size to produce a more lake-like system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri034121","usgsCitation":"ZumBerge, J.R., Lee, K., and Goldstein, R.M., 2003, Relation of periphyton and benthic invertebrate communities to environmental factors and land use at selected sites in part of the upper Mississippi River basin, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4121, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034121.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4121/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":276464,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4121/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, 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klee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-1367","contributorId":2538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kathy","email":"klee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldstein, Robert M.","contributorId":68267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50847,"text":"wri024272 - 2003 - Trends in chemical concentration in sediment cores from three lakes in New Jersey and one lake on Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T16:22:12","indexId":"wri024272","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4272","title":"Trends in chemical concentration in sediment cores from three lakes in New Jersey and one lake on Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Sediment cores were extracted from three lakes in northeastern New Jersey and one lake on western Long Island, New York, as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Sediment layers were dated by use of cesium-137 (137Cs), copper, lead, or dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) profiles. Sediment layers were analyzed for seven selected trace elements, including arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc, and five hydrophobic organochlorine compounds, including chlordane, dieldrin, total DDT, total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
\nAll seven trace elements were detected throughout the cores from all four lakes. Concentrations of all elements, except arsenic, were elevated in the three cores from lakes within urbanized watersheds (Packanack Lake, Orange Reservoir, and Newbridge Pond) relative to the concentrations in the lake core collected below the largely forested, reference watershed (Clyde Potts Reservoir). Results of trend analyses indicate that concentrations of all trace elements, with the exception of arsenic and lead, were relatively constant throughout the core from the minimally urbanized Clyde Potts Reservoir. In urban lakes, significant upward trends in concentrations from deeper to shallower sediments were observed either to peak concentrations or throughout the core for all elements, with the exception of chromium at all lakes and arsenic and nickel at Orange Reservoir. This finding indicates that changes in population and land use in the urbanized watersheds over the period of sedimentary record have contributed to upward trends in trace-element concentrations. Although downward trends in concentrations were observed for some trace elements in the years after their concentrations peaked, concentrations of all trace elements in urban lake cores were higher in the most recently deposited sediments than at the base of each respective core.
\nLead concentrations over time were highly correlated with the population in the vicinity of the lake until the concentration peak in sediment deposited in the mid-1970’s. Concentrations of lead in lake sediment appear to be closely related to the use of leaded gasoline because lead concentrations generally decreased after the use of leaded gasoline was phased-out in the mid-1970’s. Zinc concentrations were highly correlated with population over the entire length of the core. In general, zinc concentrations increased in the three urbanized watersheds, probably in response to increasing population and vehicular use. This trend was not evident at Clyde Potts Reservoir, however, where vehicular traffic in the watershed is minimal.
\nDetectable concentrations of chlordane, total DDT, and total PCBs were present in cores from all lakes; however, dieldrin was detected only in the Newbridge Pond and Packanack Lake cores. Concentrations generally were higher in cores from the urbanized Newbridge Pond and Orange Reservoir watersheds than in those from the minimally urbanized Clyde Potts Reservoir watershed. With the exception of chlordane in the Clyde Potts and Orange Reservoir cores, concentrations of the four organochlorine compounds had significant downward trends from peak concentrations to recently deposited sediment or non-significant trends throughout the core. On the basis of these findings and as a result of regulatory actions prohibiting the production and use of these compounds, downward trends in sedimentary concentrations are expected to continue; however, the persistence of these compounds indicates that a substantial amount of time may be required to purge them from the watersheds.
\nConcentrations of PAHs in sediment generally increased with population growth and urbanization, probably as a result of increased fossil-fuel combustion (gasoline and home-heating fuels and other uses (roads and parking lots paved with asphalt) associated with increased urban development and vehicular traffic. This finding is supported by low concentrations of PAHs in Packanack Lake sediments in the 1930’s, before the watershed was urbanized and when automobiles were comparatively rare. As vehicular use and urbanization increase in these watersheds, the general increase of PAH concentrations in lake sediments can be expected to continue.
\nData from this study indicate that changes in population, land use, and chemical use in the urbanized watersheds over the period of sedimentary record have contributed to upward trends in concentrations of trace elements and hydrophobic organic compounds. Although downward trends were observed for some constituents in the years after their concentrations peaked, concentrations of most constituents in urban lake cores were higher in the most recently deposited sediments than at the base of each respective core and in the reference lake cores. Similar trends in concentrations of these constituents have been observed in sediment cores from other urban lakes across the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"West Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wri024272","usgsCitation":"Long, G.R., Callender, E.C., Ayers, M.A., and Van Metre, P., 2003, Trends in chemical concentration in sediment cores from three lakes in New Jersey and one lake on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4272, vi, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024272.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri024272.PNG"},{"id":4618,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4272/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","otherGeospatial":"Clyde Potts Reservoir, Long Island, Newbridge Pond, Orange Reservoir, Packanack Lake,","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db6265c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Gary R.","contributorId":77190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Callender, Edward C.","contributorId":40208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ayers, Mark A.","contributorId":84730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. 0000-0001-7564-9814 pcvanmet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-9814","contributorId":197363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","email":"pcvanmet@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":749474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":51437,"text":"wri034155 - 2003 - Comparison of Irrigation Water Use Estimates Calculated from Remotely Sensed Irrigated Acres and State Reported Irrigated Acres in the Lake Altus Drainage Basin, Oklahoma and Texas, 2000 Growing Season","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:30","indexId":"wri034155","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4155","title":"Comparison of Irrigation Water Use Estimates Calculated from Remotely Sensed Irrigated Acres and State Reported Irrigated Acres in the Lake Altus Drainage Basin, Oklahoma and Texas, 2000 Growing Season","docAbstract":"Increased demand for water in the Lake Altus drainage basin requires more accurate estimates of water use for irrigation. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, is investigating new techniques to improve water-use estimates for irrigation purposes in the Lake Altus drainage basin. Empirical estimates of reference evapotranspiration, crop evapotranspiration, and crop irrigation water requirements for nine major crops were calculated from September 1999 to October 2000 using a solar radiation-based evapotranspiration model. Estimates of irrigation water use were calculated using remotely sensed irrigated crop acres derived from Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus imagery and were compared with irrigation water-use estimates calculated from irrigated crop acres reported by the Oklahoma Water Resources Board and the Texas Water Development Board for the 2000 growing season. The techniques presented will help manage water resources in the Lake Altus drainage basin and may be transferable to other areas with similar water management needs.\r\n\r\nIrrigation water use calculated from the remotely sensed irrigated acres was estimated at 154,920 acre-feet; whereas, irrigation water use calculated from state reported irrigated crop acres was 196,026 acre-feet, a 23 percent difference. The greatest difference in irrigation water use was in Carson County, Texas. Irrigation water use for Carson County, Texas, calculated from the remotely sensed irrigated acres was 58,555 acrefeet; whereas, irrigation water use calculated from state reported irrigated acres was 138,180 acre-feet, an 81 percent difference. The second greatest difference in irrigation water use occurred in Beckham County, Oklahoma. Differences between the two irrigation water use estimates are due to the differences of irrigated crop acres derived from the mapping process and those reported by the Oklahoma Water Resources Board and Texas Water Development Board.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034155","usgsCitation":"Masoner, J., Mladinich, C., Konduris, A., and Smith, S.J., 2003, Comparison of Irrigation Water Use Estimates Calculated from Remotely Sensed Irrigated Acres and State Reported Irrigated Acres in the Lake Altus Drainage Basin, Oklahoma and Texas, 2000 Growing Season: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4155, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034155.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4447,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034155","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae42e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masoner, J.R.","contributorId":15690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masoner","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mladinich, C.S.","contributorId":61095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mladinich","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Konduris, A.M.","contributorId":106567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konduris","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, S. Jerrod 0000-0002-9379-8167 sjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-8167","contributorId":981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"sjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jerrod","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025145,"text":"70025145 - 2003 - Research observation: Hydrolyzable and condensed tannins in plants of northwest Spain forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-06T16:48:59.49105","indexId":"70025145","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2441,"text":"Journal of Range Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Research observation: Hydrolyzable and condensed tannins in plants of northwest Spain forests","docAbstract":"Tannins are secondary metabolites that may influence feeding by mammals on plants. We analyzed hydrolyzable and condensed tannins in 30 plant species consumed by livestock and deer, as a preliminary attempt to study their possible implications on browsing and grazing in forest ecosystems. Heathers (Ericaceae) and plants of the Rose (Rosaceae) family had tannins, while forbs, grasses and shrubs other than the heathers did not show astringency properties. We found the highest tannin content of all the species in Rubus sp., with the highest value around 180 mg TAE/g dry weight in spring. Potentilla erecta, Alnus glutinosa and Quercus robur were next with 57 to 44 mg TAE/g dw. Total tannins in heathers ranged from 22 to 36 mg TAE/g dw. Levels of condensed tannins were higher than hydrolyzable for most of the species. Only Betula alba, Calluna vulgaris, Pteridium aquilinum and Vaccinium myrtillus had 100% hydrolyzable tannins. Tannin content of the species changed seasonally with highest values during the growing season, corresponding to late winter or early spring, depending on the species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","doi":"10.2307/4003837","usgsCitation":"Gonzalez-Hernandez, M.P., Karchesy, J., and Starkey, E., 2003, Research observation: Hydrolyzable and condensed tannins in plants of northwest Spain forests: Journal of Range Management, v. 56, no. 5, p. 461-465, https://doi.org/10.2307/4003837.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"465","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/643465","text":"External Repository"},{"id":388282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Spain","otherGeospatial":"northwest Spain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -9.580078125,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -5.2734375,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -5.2734375,\n 44.24519901522129\n ],\n [\n -9.580078125,\n 44.24519901522129\n ],\n [\n -9.580078125,\n 41.672911819602085\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa92ce4b0c8380cd85c70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonzalez-Hernandez, M. P.","contributorId":42566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez-Hernandez","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karchesy, J.","contributorId":52541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karchesy","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Starkey, E. E.","contributorId":51942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starkey","given":"E. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":51436,"text":"wri034039 - 2003 - Tracing reclaimed water in the Menifee, Winchester, and Perris-South ground-water subbasins, Riverside County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:30","indexId":"wri034039","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4039","title":"Tracing reclaimed water in the Menifee, Winchester, and Perris-South ground-water subbasins, Riverside County, California","docAbstract":"As a component in the management of water resources in the Menifee, Winchester, and Perris-South subbasins in Riverside County, California, ponds are operated by the Eastern Municipal Water District for the temporary storage of reclaimed water that is produced by several regional water-reclamation facilities. A primary goal of this study was to evaluate the potential for using various ground-water constituents or characteristics as tracers of reclaimed water that has infiltrated from the storage ponds into the ground water in the three subbasins. A secondary goal was to estimate the degree to which the infiltrated reclaimed water has mixed with the native ground water. The evaluation of potential tracers and the estimation of mixing focused on data from wells located relatively close to the ponds. \r\n\r\n\r\nThe most useful constituents and characteristics for evaluation of the fate and mixing of reclaimed water in the Menifee, Winchester, and Perris-South subbasins are major-ion composition, stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen, ultraviolet absorbance (UV-A), chloride concentration, and boron/chloride ratio plotted against chloride concentration. Emphasis in this study was placed on evaluating the utility of UV-A as a tracer and boron/chloride ratios in estimating the fraction of reclaimed water in ground water. \r\n\r\n\r\nIn the Menifee subbasin, major-ion data, stable isotopes, chloride, UV-A, and boron/chloride ratio are all useful in identifying reclaimed water, and the results based on these indicators are consistent with each other. The results suggest that values of UV-A greater than or equal to 0.007 indicate the presence of reclaimed water in the Menifee subbasin. Ground-water samples with UV-A greater than 0.007 are estimated to consist of about 75 to 100 percent reclaimed water, on the basis of chloride-mixing calculations and boron/chloride-versus-chloride mixing calculations.\r\n\r\n\r\nIn the Winchester subbasin, results based on the same factors used in the Menifee subbasin are less conclusive; nevertheless, UV-A can be used as a tracer. The results suggest that values of UV-A greater than 0.01 indicate the presence of reclaimed water. Values from 0.006 to 0.01 may indicate the presence of reclaimed water; however, water from wells not likely to have reclaimed water may also have UV-A values in this range. Ground-water samples with UV-A greater than 0.01 seem to contain about 25 percent reclaimed water (range 6 to 32 percent), on the basis of the consistency of the results of three types of mixing calculations--chloride alone, boron/chloride versus chloride, and UV-A. \r\n\r\n\r\nIn the Perris-South subbasin, the potential tracers are not as conclusive in identifying reclaimed water in the subsurface as in the Menifee and Winchester subbasins. The less-conclusive results are a consequence of the multiple, spatially distributed sources of reclaimed water; the relative absence of wells close to the reclaimed-water pond; and the short period of operation (about 1 year) of the pond at the time of sampling. Mixing calculations suggest that ground-water samples with elevated UV-A values (greater than 0.01) in the Perris-South subbasin could contain as much as 40 to 65 percent reclaimed water.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034039","usgsCitation":"Kaehler, C.A., and Belitz, K., 2003, Tracing reclaimed water in the Menifee, Winchester, and Perris-South ground-water subbasins, Riverside County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4039, 61 p.; 32 figs., 1 table, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034039.","productDescription":"61 p.; 32 figs., 1 table","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4446,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034039/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0d0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaehler, Charles A. ckaehler@usgs.gov","contributorId":210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaehler","given":"Charles","email":"ckaehler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":243573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50959,"text":"wri034168 - 2003 - Phosphorus concentrations, loads, and yields in the Illinois River Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 1997-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T16:49:20","indexId":"wri034168","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4168","displayTitle":"Phosphorus Concentrations, Loads, and Yields in the Illinois River Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 1997-2001","title":"Phosphorus concentrations, loads, and yields in the Illinois River Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 1997-2001","docAbstract":"The Illinois River and tributaries, Flint Creek and the Baron Fork, are designated scenic rivers in Oklahoma. Recent phosphorus increases in streams in the basin have resulted in the growth of excess algae, which have limited the aesthetic benefits of water bodies in the basin, especially the Illinois River and Lake Tenkiller. The Oklahoma Water Resources Board has established a standard for total phosphorus not to exceed the 30- day geometric mean concentration of 0.037 milligram per liter in Oklahoma Scenic Rivers. Data from water-quality samples from 1997 to 2001 were used to summarize phosphorus concentrations and estimate phosphorus loads, yields, and flowweighted concentrations in the Illinois River basin.\r\n\r\nPhosphorus concentrations in the Illinois River basin generally were significantly greater in runoff-event samples than in base-flow samples. Phosphorus concentrations generally decreased with increasing base flow, from dilution, and increased with runoff, possibly because of phosphorus resuspension, stream bank erosion, and the addition of phosphorus from nonpoint sources.\r\n\r\nEstimated mean annual phosphorus loads were greater at the Illinois River stations than at Flint Creek and the Baron Fork. Loads appeared to generally increase with time during 1997-2001 at all stations, but this increase might be partly attributable to the beginning of runoff-event sampling in the basin in July 1999. Base-flow loads at stations on the Illinois River were about 10 times greater than those on the Baron Fork and 5 times greater than those on Flint Creek. Runoff components of the annual total phosphorus load ranged from 58.7 to 96.8 percent from 1997-2001. Base-flow and runoff loads were generally greatest in spring (March through May) or summer (June through August), and were least in fall (September through November).\r\n\r\nTotal yields of phosphorus ranged from 107 to 797 pounds per year per square mile. Greatest yields were at Flint Creek near Kansas (365 to 797 pounds per year per square mile) and the least yields were at Baron Fork at Eldon (107 to 440 pounds per year per square mile).\r\n\r\nEstimated mean flow-weighted concentrations were more than 10 times greater than the median and were consistently greater than the 75th percentile of flow-weighted phosphorus concentrations in samples collected at relatively undeveloped basins of the United States (0.022 milligram per liter and 0.037 milligram per liter, respectively). In addition, flow-weighted phosphorus concentrations in 1999-2001 at all Illinois River stations and at Flint Creek near Kansas were equal to or greater than the 75th percentile of all National Water-Quality Assessment program stations in the United States (0.29 milligram per liter).\r\n\r\nThe annual average phosphorus load entering Lake Tenkiller was about 577,000 pounds per year, and more than 86 percent of the load was transported to the lake by runoff.The Illinois River and tributaries, Flint Creek and the Baron Fork, are designated scenic rivers in Oklahoma. Recent phosphorus increases in streams in the basin have resulted in the growth of excess algae, which have limited the aesthetic benefits of water bodies in the basin, especially the Illinois River and Lake Tenkiller. The Oklahoma Water Resources Board has established a standard for total phosphorus not to exceed the 30- day geometric mean concentration of 0.037 milligram per liter in Oklahoma Scenic Rivers. Data from water-quality samples from 1997 to 2001 were used to summarize phosphorus concentrations and estimate phosphorus loads, yields, and flowweighted concentrations in the Illinois River basin.\r\n\r\nPhosphorus concentrations in the Illinois River basin generally were significantly greater in runoff-event samples than in base-flow samples. Phosphorus concentrations generally decreased with increasing base flow, from dilution, and increased with runoff, possibly because of phosphorus resuspension, stream bank erosion, and the addition of phosphorus ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034168","usgsCitation":"Pickup, B.E., Andrews, W.J., Haggard, B.E., and Green, W.R., 2003, Phosphorus concentrations, loads, and yields in the Illinois River Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 1997-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4168, v, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034168.","productDescription":"v, 40 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4661,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034168/pdf/wri034168.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.43298339843749,\n 35.86902116501695\n ],\n [\n -94.1693115234375,\n 36.06686213257888\n ],\n [\n -94.141845703125,\n 36.255348043040904\n ],\n [\n -94.13360595703125,\n 36.4566360115962\n ],\n [\n -94.20501708984375,\n 36.47872381162464\n ],\n [\n -94.7186279296875,\n 36.46768069827346\n ],\n [\n -95.08941650390625,\n 36.2243344853143\n ],\n [\n -95.15808105468749,\n 35.93354064249312\n ],\n [\n -95.16082763671875,\n 35.7286770448517\n ],\n [\n -95.11962890625,\n 35.536696378395035\n ],\n [\n -94.43298339843749,\n 35.86902116501695\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db68606d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pickup, Barbara E.","contributorId":31461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickup","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, William J. 0000-0003-4780-8835 wandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"William","email":"wandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haggard, Brian E.","contributorId":20299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggard","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":69716,"text":"mf2420 - 2003 - Maps and data from a trench investigation of the Utsalady Point Fault, Whidbey Island, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T16:21:54","indexId":"mf2420","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2420","title":"Maps and data from a trench investigation of the Utsalady Point Fault, Whidbey Island, Washington","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Water samples were collected in streams of the Eastern Iowa Basins study unit from 1996 to 1998 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. More than 350 samples were collected to document the occurrence, distribution, and transport of pesticides and pesticide degradates. The Eastern Iowa Basins study unit encompasses about 50,500 square kilometers (19,500 square miles) in eastern Iowa and southern Minnesota and is drained by four major rivers—the Wapsipinicon, Cedar, Iowa, and Skunk—which flow into the Mississippi River at the eastern border of Iowa.
\nThe most commonly detected pesticides— acetochlor, alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor—were those most heavily used on crops during the study. Atrazine and metolachlor were detected in 100 percent, and acetochlor, alachlor and cyanazine were detected in more than 70 percent of all surface-water samples. Four pesticide degradates—metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid, alachlor ethane sulfonic acid, metolachlor oxanilic acid, and acetochlor ethane sulfonic acid were detected in more than 75 percent of the samples. Only one nonagricultural herbicide, prometon, was detected in more than 80 percent of the samples. Carbofuran, the most commonly detected insecticide, was found in 16 percent of all samples.
\nMixtures of pesticide compounds commonly occurred in the samples. Five or more parent pesticide compounds were detected in 50 percent of the samples. Four or more pesticide degradates were detected in 68 percent and seven or more pesticide degradates were detected in 17 percent of the samples. Acetochlor, alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor were generally present at low concentrations; median concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.22 microgram per liter. However, median concentrations for the pesticide degra-dates, 0.07 to 3.7 micrograms per liter, were larger than their parent compounds. Acetochlor, alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor pesticide compounds were detected at an order of magnitude or higher in the late spring and summer than at other times of the year. Pesticide concentrations generally peak following application in May and June and decrease during the growing season. A small secondary peak of atrazine, acetochlor, alachlor, cyanazine, and metolachlor concentrations occurred in late winter at all sites. The seasonal patterns for the triazine (atrazine and cyanazine) degradates were similar to the parent compounds (increasing in the spring), but the triazine degra-dates often had higher median concentrations than their parent compounds in the fall and winter. The chloroacetanilide (acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor) degradates did not follow a strong seasonal pattern like their parent compounds. In general, the chloroacetanilide degradates had constant and higher median concentrations when compared to their parent compounds throughout the year. The median concentrations for the chloroacetanilide pesticide degradates were often an order of magnitude higher than their parent compounds.
\nConcentrations of pesticides varied by land-form region. Atrazine and cyanazine and their degradates were present in significantly greater concentrations in streams of the Southern Iowa Drift Plain than streams of either the Des Moines Lobe or the Iowan Surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034075","usgsCitation":"Schnoebelen, D.J., Kalkhoff, S.J., Becher, K., and Thurman, E., 2003, Water-quality assessment of the eastern Iowa Basins: Selected pesticides and pesticide degradates in streams, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4075, vi, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034075.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":396298,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_59080.htm"},{"id":4533,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/wri034075/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"eastern Iowa Basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 41.85319643776675\n ],\n [\n -90.439453125,\n 41.64828831259535\n ],\n [\n -90.758056640625,\n 41.508577297439324\n ],\n [\n -91.153564453125,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -91.219482421875,\n 41.236511201246216\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -91.241455078125,\n 40.75557964275591\n ],\n [\n -91.614990234375,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -91.856689453125,\n 40.68896903762434\n ],\n [\n -92.373046875,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -92.70263671874999,\n 41.20345619205129\n ],\n [\n -93.09814453125,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -93.50463867187499,\n 41.52502957323801\n ],\n [\n -93.702392578125,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -93.966064453125,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n -93.97705078125,\n 42.26917949243506\n ],\n [\n -93.80126953124999,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -93.7353515625,\n 42.53689200787317\n ],\n [\n -93.71337890625,\n 42.73894375124379\n ],\n [\n -93.922119140625,\n 43.02874525134882\n ],\n [\n -94.09790039062499,\n 43.23719944365308\n ],\n [\n -94.053955078125,\n 43.476840397778915\n ],\n [\n -93.75732421875,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -93.515625,\n 43.874138181474734\n ],\n [\n -93.09814453125,\n 43.59630591596548\n ],\n [\n -92.43896484375,\n 43.1090040242731\n ],\n [\n -92.318115234375,\n 42.89206418807337\n ],\n [\n -92.16430664062499,\n 42.819580715795915\n ],\n [\n -92.032470703125,\n 42.53689200787317\n ],\n [\n -91.790771484375,\n 42.374778361114195\n ],\n [\n -91.47216796875,\n 42.17968819665961\n ],\n [\n -91.175537109375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -90.867919921875,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -90.802001953125,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -90.5712890625,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 41.85319643776675\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","tableOfContents":"Abstract
Introduction
Purpose and scope
Description of the Eastern Iowa Basins
Geomorphology
Climate
Streamflow
Land Use
Pesticide Use and Properties
Study Design and Methods of Study
Sampling Site Selection
Sampling Methods
Analytical Methods
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Data Analysis
Statistical Analysis of Pesticide and Pesticide Degradates
Ancillary Data
Pesticides and Pesticide Degradates in Streams
Occurrence and Distribution
Seasonal Variability
Spatial Variability
Relevance of Pesticides in Streams
Human Health
Aquatic Life
Summary and Conclusions
References
Appendix
Stream biogeochemistry is influenced by the physical and chemical processes that occur in the surrounding watershed. These processes include the mass loading of solutes from terrestrial and atmospheric sources, the physical transport of solutes within the watershed, and the transformation of solutes due to biogeochemical reactions. Research over the last two decades has identified the hyporheic zone as an important part of the stream system in which these processes occur. The hyporheic zone may be loosely defined as the porous areas of the stream bed and stream bank in which stream water mixes with shallow groundwater. Exchange of water and solutes between the stream proper and the hyporheic zone has many biogeochemical implications, due to differences in the chemical composition of surface and groundwater. For example, surface waters are typically oxidized environments with relatively high dissolved oxygen concentrations. In contrast, reducing conditions are often present in groundwater systems leading to low dissolved oxygen concentrations. Further, microbial oxidation of organic materials in groundwater leads to supersaturated concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide relative to the atmosphere. Differences in surface and groundwater pH and temperature are also common. The hyporheic zone is therefore a mixing zone in which there are gradients in the concentrations of dissolved gasses, the concentrations of oxidized and reduced species, pH, and temperature. These gradients lead to biogeochemical reactions that ultimately affect stream water quality. Due to the complexity of these natural systems, modeling techniques are frequently employed to quantify process dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0309-1708(03)00079-4","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., McKnight, D.M., and Rajaram, H., 2003, Modeling hyporheic zone processes: Advances in Water Resources, v. 26, no. 9, p. 901-905, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(03)00079-4.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"901","endPage":"905","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52d1e4b0849ce97c86d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rajaram, Harihar","contributorId":61328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rajaram","given":"Harihar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50119,"text":"wri034069 - 2003 - Geologic Setting, Geohydrology, and Ground-Water Quality near the Helendale Fault in the Mojave River Basin, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:19","indexId":"wri034069","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4069","title":"Geologic Setting, Geohydrology, and Ground-Water Quality near the Helendale Fault in the Mojave River Basin, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"The proximity of the Mojave River ground-water basin to the highly urbanized Los Angeles region has resulted in rapid population growth and, consequently, an increase in the demand for water. The Mojave River, the primary source of surface water for the region, normally is dry--except for periods of flow after intense storms; therefore, the region relies almost entirely on ground water to meet its agricultural and municipal needs. The area where the Helendale Fault intersects the Mojave River is of particular hydrogeologic interest because of its importance as a boundary between two water-management subareas of the Mojave Water Agency. The fault is the boundary between the upper Mojave River Basin (Oeste, Alto, and Este subareas) and the lower Mojave River Basin (Centro and Baja subareas); specifically, the fault is the boundary between the Alto and the Centro subareas. To obtain the information necessary to help better understand the hydrogeology of the area near the fault, multiple-well monitoring sites were installed, the surface geology was mapped in detail, and water-level and water-quality data were collected from wells in the study area.\r\n\r\nDetailed surficial geologic maps and water-level measurements indicate that the Helendale Fault impedes the flow of ground water in the deeper regional aquifer, but not in the overlying floodplain aquifer. Other faults mapped in the area impede the flow of ground water in both aquifers. Evidence of flowing water in the Mojave River upgradient of the Helendale Fault exists in the historical record, suggesting an upward gradient of ground-water flow. However, water-level data from this study indicate that pumping upstream of the Helendale Fault has reversed the vertical gradient of ground-water flow since predevelopment conditions, and the potential now exists for water to flow downward from the floodplain aquifer to the regional aquifer.\r\n\r\nSixty-seven ground-water samples were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, and stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen from 34 wells within the study area between May 1990 and November 1999. Dissolved-solids concentrations in water samples from 14 wells in the floodplain aquifer ranged from 339 to 2,330 milligrams per liter (mg/L) with a median concentration of 825 mg/L. Concentrations in water from 11 of these wells exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (SMCL) of 500 mg/L. Dissolved-solids concentrations of water from nine wells sampled in the regional aquifer ranged from 479 to 946 mg/L with a median concentration of 666 mg/L. Concentrations in at least one sample of water from each of the wells in the regional aquifer exceeded the USEPA SMCL for dissolved solids. Arsenic concentrations in water from 14 wells in the floodplain aquifer ranged from less than the detection limit of 2 micrograms per liter (?g/L) to a maximum of 34 ?g/L with a median concentration of 6 ?g/L. Concentrations in water from six of the 14 wells exceeded the USEPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for arsenic of 10 ?g/L. Arsenic concentrations in water from nine wells in the regional aquifer ranged from less than the detection limit of 2 to 130 ?g/L with a median concentration of 11 ?g/L. Concentrations in water from five of these nine wells exceeded the USEPA MCL for arsenic. Dissolved-solids concentrations in water from seven wells completed in the igneous and metamorphic basement rocks that underlie the floodplain and regional aquifers ranged from 400 to 3,190 mg/L with a median concentration of 1,410 mg/L. Concentrations in water from all but one of the seven wells sampled exceeded the USEPA SMCL for dissolved solids. Concentrations in water from the basement rocks exceeded the USEPA SMCL for arsenic of 10 ?g/L in five of the seven wells. The high concentrations of arsenic, dissolved solids, and other constituents probably occur naturally.\r\n\r\nStable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen indicate that before pumping began in ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034069","usgsCitation":"Stamos, C., Cox, B.F., Izbicki, J., and Mendez, G.O., 2003, Geologic Setting, Geohydrology, and Ground-Water Quality near the Helendale Fault in the Mojave River Basin, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4069, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034069.","productDescription":"53 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4305,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034069/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":176366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8365","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamos, Christina L. 0000-0002-1007-9352","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1007-9352","contributorId":19593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamos","given":"Christina L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Brett F. bcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":5793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Brett","email":"bcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":240798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":240796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mendez, Gregory O. 0000-0002-9955-3726 gomendez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-3726","contributorId":1489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendez","given":"Gregory","email":"gomendez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":240797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":52906,"text":"fs06803 - 2003 - Monitoring earthquake shaking in buildings to reduce loss of life and property","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:40","indexId":"fs06803","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"068-03","title":"Monitoring earthquake shaking in buildings to reduce loss of life and property","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs06803","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., Page, R.A., Safak, E., Hendley, J.W., and Stauffer, P.H., 2003, Monitoring earthquake shaking in buildings to reduce loss of life and property: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 068-03, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs06803.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_068_03.jpg"},{"id":4969,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/fs068-03/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":3205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, Robert A.","contributorId":17207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Safak, Erdal","contributorId":73984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"Erdal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hendley, James W. II jhendley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendley","given":"James","suffix":"II","email":"jhendley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":246199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":51976,"text":"wri034030 - 2003 - Simulation of streamflow and estimation of streamflow constituent loads in the San Antonio River watershed, Bexar County, Texas, 1997-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T11:11:46","indexId":"wri034030","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4030","title":"Simulation of streamflow and estimation of streamflow constituent loads in the San Antonio River watershed, Bexar County, Texas, 1997-2001","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey developed watershed models (Hydrological Simulation Program—FORTRAN) to simulate streamflow and estimate streamflow constituent loads from five basins that compose the San Antonio River watershed in Bexar County, Texas. Rainfall and streamflow data collected during 1997–2001 were used to calibrate and test the model. The model was configured so that runoff from various land uses and discharges from other sources (such as wastewater recycling facilities) could be accounted for to indicate sources of streamflow. Simulated streamflow volumes were used with land-use-specific, water-quality data to compute streamflow loads of selected constituents from the various streamflow sources.
Model simulations for 1997–2001 indicate that inflow from the upper Medina River (originating outside Bexar County) represents about 22 percent of total streamflow. Recycled wastewater discharges account for about 20 percent and base flow (ground-water inflow to streams) about 18 percent. Storm runoff from various land uses represents about 33 percent.
Estimates of sources of streamflow constituent loads indicate recycled wastewater as the largest source of dissolved solids and nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen (about 38 and 66 percent, respectively, of the total loads) during 1997–2001. Stormwater runoff from urban land produced about 49 percent of the 1997–2001 total suspended solids load. Stormwater runoff from residential and commercial land (about 23 percent of the land area) produced about 70 percent of the total lead streamflow load during 1997–2001.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/wri034030","collaboration":"In cooperation with the San Antonio Water System ","usgsCitation":"Ockerman, D.J., and McNamara, K.C., 2003, Simulation of streamflow and estimation of streamflow constituent loads in the San Antonio River watershed, Bexar County, Texas, 1997-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4030, HTML Document; Report: iv, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034030.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: iv, 37 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4534,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri03-4030/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335481,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri03-4030/pdf/wri03-4030.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Bexar County","otherGeospatial":"San Antonio River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.50616455078125,\n 29.739339757443286\n ],\n [\n -98.58993530273438,\n 29.736954896290666\n ],\n [\n -98.72451782226562,\n 29.71548859443817\n ],\n [\n -98.778076171875,\n 29.67015577117534\n ],\n [\n -98.82476806640625,\n 29.621221113784504\n ],\n [\n -98.865966796875,\n 29.554345125748267\n ],\n [\n -98.88656616210938,\n 29.434813598289637\n ],\n [\n -98.87969970703125,\n 29.388158098102554\n ],\n [\n -98.86184692382812,\n 29.334298230315675\n ],\n [\n -98.83438110351562,\n 29.26124274448168\n ],\n [\n -98.77944946289062,\n 29.216904948184734\n ],\n [\n -98.734130859375,\n 29.178543264303006\n ],\n [\n -98.64349365234374,\n 29.156958511360703\n ],\n [\n -98.5693359375,\n 29.159357041355424\n ],\n [\n -98.46084594726562,\n 29.185737173254434\n ],\n [\n -98.36196899414061,\n 29.204918463909035\n ],\n [\n -98.31939697265625,\n 29.263638834879824\n ],\n [\n -98.28231811523438,\n 29.3642238956322\n ],\n [\n -98.3056640625,\n 29.44438130948883\n ],\n [\n -98.2891845703125,\n 29.534034720259523\n ],\n [\n -98.34686279296874,\n 29.62360872200976\n ],\n [\n -98.3990478515625,\n 29.682087444299334\n ],\n [\n -98.45947265625,\n 29.71071768156533\n ],\n [\n -98.50616455078125,\n 29.739339757443286\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":244591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNamara, Kenna C.","contributorId":51841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Kenna","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":52915,"text":"wri034115 - 2003 - Patterns and sources of fecal coliform bacteria in three streams in Virginia, 1999-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:45","indexId":"wri034115","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4115","title":"Patterns and sources of fecal coliform bacteria in three streams in Virginia, 1999-2000","docAbstract":"Surface-water impairment by fecal coliform bacteria is a water-quality issue of national scope and importance.\r\nIn Virginia, more than 175 stream segments are on the Commonwealth's 1998 303(d) list of impaired waters\r\nbecause of elevated concentrations of fecal coliform bacteria. These fecal coliform-impaired stream segments\r\nrequire the development of total maximum daily load (TMDL) and associated implementation plans, but accurate\r\ninformation on the sources contributing these bacteria usually is lacking. The development of defendable fecal\r\ncoliform TMDLs and management plans can benefit from reliable information on the bacteria sources that are\r\nresponsible for the impairment. Bacterial source tracking (BST) recently has emerged as a powerful tool for\r\nidentifying the sources of fecal coliform bacteria that impair surface waters. In a demonstration of BST\r\ntechnology, three watersheds on Virginia's 1998 303(d) list with diverse land-use practices (and potentially\r\ndiverse bacteria sources) were studied. Accotink Creek is dominated by urban land uses, Christians Creek by\r\nagricultural land uses, and Blacks Run is affected by both urban and agricultural land uses. During the 20-month\r\nfield study (March 1999?October 2000), water samples were collected from each stream during a range of flow\r\nconditions and seasons. For each sample, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, turbidity,\r\nflow, and water temperature were measured. Fecal coliform concentrations of each water sample were determined\r\nusing the membrane filtration technique. Next, Escherichia coli (E. coli) were isolated from the fecal coliform\r\nbacteria and their sources were identified using ribotyping (a method of 'genetic fingerprinting'). \r\n\r\nStudy results provide enhanced understanding of the concentrations and sources of fecal coliform bacteria in\r\nthese three watersheds. Continuum sampling (sampling along the length of the streams) indicated that elevated\r\nconcentrations of fecal coliform bacteria (maximum observed concentration of 290,000 colonies/100 milliliters\r\n(col/100mL) could occur along the entire length of each stream, and that the samples collected at the downstream\r\nmonitoring station of each stream were generally representative of the entire upstream reach. Seasonal patterns\r\nwere observed in the base-flow fecal coliform concentrations of all streams; concentrations were typically highest\r\nin the summer and lowest in the winter. Fecal coliform concentrations were lowest during periods of base flow\r\n(typically 200?2,000 col/100mL) and increased by 3?4 orders of magnitude during storm events\r\n(as high as 700,000 col/100mL). Multiple linear regression models were developed to predict fecal coliform\r\nconcentrations as a function of streamflow and other water-quality parameters. The source tracking technique\r\nprovided identification of bacteria contributions from diverse sources that included (but were not limited to) humans,\r\ncattle, poultry, horses, dogs, cats, geese, ducks, raccoons, and deer. Seasonal patterns were observed in the\r\ncontributions of cattle and poultry sources. There were relations between the identified sources of fecal coliform\r\nbacteria and the land-use practices within each watershed. There were only minor differences in the distribution of\r\nbacteria sources between low-flow periods and high-flow periods. A coupled approach that utilized both a large\r\navailable source library and a smaller, location-specific source library provided the most success in identifying the\r\nunknown E. coli isolates. BST data should provide valuable support and guidance for producing more defendable and\r\nscientifically rigorous watershed models. Incorporation of these bacteria-source data into watershed management\r\nstrategies also should result in the selection of more efficient source-reduction scenarios for improving water quality.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034115","usgsCitation":"Hyer, K., and Moyer, D., 2003, Patterns and sources of fecal coliform bacteria in three streams in Virginia, 1999-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4115, v, 76 p. : ill., maps. (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034115.","productDescription":"v, 76 p. : ill., maps. (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5005,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b48f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hyer, Kenneth kenhyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyer","given":"Kenneth","email":"kenhyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moyer, Douglas 0000-0001-6330-478X dlmoyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6330-478X","contributorId":2670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"Douglas","email":"dlmoyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53194,"text":"cir1143 - 2003 - Coal-A complex natural resource: An overview of factors affecting coal quality and use in the United States With a contribution on coal quality and public health","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-01T19:34:11.782662","indexId":"cir1143","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1143","title":"Coal-A complex natural resource: An overview of factors affecting coal quality and use in the United States With a contribution on coal quality and public health","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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P.","contributorId":99123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweinfurth","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finkelman, Robert B.","contributorId":85951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50887,"text":"wri034086 - 2003 - Changes in streamflow and summary of major-ion chemistry and loads in the North Fork Red River basin upstream from Lake Altus, northwestern Texas and western Oklahoma, 1945-1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T16:42:36","indexId":"wri034086","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4086","title":"Changes in streamflow and summary of major-ion chemistry and loads in the North Fork Red River basin upstream from Lake Altus, northwestern Texas and western Oklahoma, 1945-1999","docAbstract":"Upstream from Lake Altus, the North Fork Red River drains an area of 2,515 square miles. The quantity and quality of surface water are major concerns at Lake Altus, and water-resource managers and consumers need historical information to make informed decisions about future development. The Lugert-Altus Irrigation District relies on withdrawals from the lake to sustain nearly 46,000 acres of agricultural land.
Kendall's tau tests of precipitation data indicated no statistically significant trend over the entire 100 years of available record. However, a significant increase in precipitation occurred in the last 51 years. Four streamflow-gaging stations with more than 10 years of record were maintained in the basin. These stations recorded no significant trends in annual streamflow volume. Two stations, however, had significant increasing trends in the base-flow index, and three had significant decreasing trends in annual peak flows.
Major-ion chemistry in the North Fork Red River is closely related to the chemical composition of the underlying bedrock. Two main lithologies are represented in the basin upstream from Lake Altus. In the upper reaches, young and poorly consolidated sediments include a range of sizes from coarse gravel to silt and clay. Nearsurface horizons commonly are cemented as calcium carbonate caliche. Finer-grained gypsiferous sandstones and shales dominate the lower reaches of the basin. A distinct increase in dissolved solids, specifically sodium, chloride, calcium, and sulfate, occurs as the river flows over rocks that contain substantial quantities of gypsum, anhydrite, and dolomite. These natural salts are the major dissolved constituents in the North Fork Red River.
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U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049