Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Various adverse hydrologic effects on streams have been attributed to urban development and expanded impervious surface area, including increased high flows, decreased low flows, increased variability (commonly referred to as flashiness), nutrient enrichment, and increased dissolved solids concentrations. These effects are often observed through the use of urban-gradient studies, which compare hydrologic characteristics among watersheds with different levels of development. This technique is frequently applied when comparable prior data are not available for the watersheds of interest.
\nDuring 1966 - 1970, and again during 2001 - 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey collected a series of low-flow water-chemistry samples. Streamflow-gaging stations were operated throughout the period from 1966- 2003 as part of ongoing monitoring operations. This study compares these two water-quality data sets; tests the streamflow data for trends in high flows, low flows, and flashiness; and correlates 2000 land use with water-quality and streamflow data collected during the 2001 - 2003 study.
\nDespite substantial change in land use during 1980 - 2000, with urban land covers replacing open space, forest, and agriculture, little evidence is found in the time-series data of alteration of the daily streamflow characteristics or nutrient enrichment in the study watersheds. However, a distinct shift is observable in chloride concentrations. Strong positive correlations exist across the urban gradient between development and increased peak flows as well as between development and increased flashiness. Correlations of water-quality data to development metrics show strong positive correlations with increased dissolved solids and salt content, as well as increased concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria (Eschericia coli).
\nThis apparent contradiction may be caused by the differences in the changes measured in each analysis. The change-through-time approach describes change from a fixed starting point of approximately 1970; the gradient approach describes the cumulative effect of all change up to approximately 2000. These findings indicate that although urbanization in Oakland County results in most of the effects observed in the literature, as evidenced in the gradient approach, relatively few of the anticipated effects have been observed during the past three decades. This relative stability despite rapid land-cover change may be related to efforts to mitigate the effects of development and a general decrease in the density of new residential development. It may also be related to external factors such as climate variability and reduced atmospheric deposition of specific chemicals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/sir20055016","collaboration":"In cooperation with Oakland County, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Aichele, S., 2005, Effects of urban land-use change on streamflow and water quality in Oakland County, Michigan, 1970-2003, as inferred from urban gradient and temporal analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5016, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055016.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20055016.JPG"},{"id":6666,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5016/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Oakland County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-83.4546,42.8798],[-83.2227,42.887],[-83.1025,42.8884],[-83.0986,42.801],[-83.0905,42.6238],[-83.0867,42.5355],[-83.0843,42.4463],[-83.3264,42.4416],[-83.4403,42.4393],[-83.553,42.4351],[-83.6669,42.4312],[-83.6733,42.5196],[-83.6863,42.7822],[-83.6902,42.871],[-83.5737,42.8744],[-83.4541,42.8766],[-83.4546,42.8798]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Oakland\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fe04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aichele, Stephen S. 0000-0002-3397-7921 saichele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-7921","contributorId":194508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aichele","given":"Stephen S.","email":"saichele@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":430,"text":"National Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70717,"text":"sir20045240 - 2005 - Reconnaissance of the Hydrogeology of Ta'u, American Samoa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"sir20045240","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5240","title":"Reconnaissance of the Hydrogeology of Ta'u, American Samoa","docAbstract":"Analysis of existing data and information collected on a reconnaissance field visit supports a conceptual model of ground-water occurrence in Ta'u, American Samoa, in which a thin freshwater lens exists in a predominantly high-permeability aquifer that receives high rates of recharge. Because the freshwater lens is thin throughout most of the island, the productivity of wells, especially those near the coast where the lens is the thinnest, is likely to be limited by saltwater intrusion.\r\n\r\nThe landfill in northwestern Ta'u is closer to the north coast of the island than to any of the existing or proposed well sites. Although this may indicate that ground water beneath the landfill would flow away from the existing and proposed well sites, this interpretation may change depending on the hydraulic properties of a fault and rift zone in the area. Of four plausible scenarios tested with a numerical ground-water flow model, only one scenario indicated that ground water from beneath the landfill would flow toward the existing and proposed well sites; the analysis does not, however, assess which of the four scenarios is most plausible. The analysis also does not consider the change in flow paths that will result from ground-water withdrawals, dispersion of contaminants during transport by ground water, other plausible hydrogeologic scenarios, transport of contaminants by surface-water flow, or that sources of contamination other than the landfill may exist.\r\n\r\nAccuracy of the hydrologic interpretations in this study is limited by the relatively sparse data available for Ta'u. Understanding water resources on Ta'u can be advanced by monitoring rainfall, stream-flow, evaporation, ground-water withdrawals, and water quality, and with accurate surveys of measuring point elevations for all wells and careful testing of well-performance. Assessing the potential for contaminants in the landfill to reach existing and proposed well sites can be improved with additional information on the landfill itself (history, construction, contents, water chemistry), surface-water flow directions, spatial distribution of ground-water levels, and the quality of water in nearby wells. Monitoring water levels and chemistry in one or more monitoring wells between the landfill and existing or proposed wells can provide a means to detect movement of contaminants before they reach production wells. Steps that can be implemented in the short term include analyzing water in the landfill and monitoring of water chemistry and water levels in all existing and new production wells.\r\n\r\nPlacing future wells farther inland may mitigate saltwater intrusion problems, but the steep topography of Ta'u limits the feasibility of this approach. Alternative solutions include distributing ground-water withdrawal among several shallow-penetrating, low-yield wells.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20045240","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the American Samoa Power Authority","usgsCitation":"Izuka, S.K., 2005, Reconnaissance of the Hydrogeology of Ta'u, American Samoa: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5240, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045240.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6665,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5240/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635ebc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izuka, Scot K. 0000-0002-8758-9414 skizuka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-9414","contributorId":2645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izuka","given":"Scot","email":"skizuka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70692,"text":"sir20055010 - 2005 - Comparison of diffusion- and pumped-sampling methods to monitor volatile organic compounds in ground water, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, July 1999–December 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T20:30:52.84998","indexId":"sir20055010","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5010","title":"Comparison of diffusion- and pumped-sampling methods to monitor volatile organic compounds in ground water, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, July 1999–December 2002","docAbstract":"To evaluate diffusion sampling as an alternative method to monitor volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations in ground water, concentrations in samples collected by traditional pumped-sampling methods were compared to concentrations in samples collected by diffusion-sampling methods for 89 monitoring wells at or near the Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod. Samples were analyzed for 36 VOCs. There was no substantial difference between the utility of diffusion and pumped samples to detect the presence or absence of a VOC. In wells where VOCs were detected, diffusion-sample concentrations of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) were significantly lower than pumped-sample concentrations. Because PCE and TCE concentrations detected in the wells dominated the calculation of many of the total VOC concentrations, when VOC concentrations were summed and compared by sampling method, visual inspection also showed a downward concentration bias in the diffusion-sample concentration.\r\n\r\nThe degree to which pumped- and diffusion-sample concentrations agreed was not a result of variability inherent within the sampling methods or the diffusion process itself. A comparison of the degree of agreement in the results from the two methods to 13 quantifiable characteristics external to the sampling methods offered only well-screen length as being related to the degree of agreement between the methods; however, there is also evidence to indicate that the flushing rate of water through the well screen affected the agreement between the sampling methods. Despite poor agreement between the concentrations obtained by the two methods at some wells, the degree to which the concentrations agree at a given well is repeatable. A one-time, well-bywell comparison between diffusion- and pumped-sampling methods could determine which wells are good candidates for the use of diffusion samplers. For wells with good method agreement, the diffusion-sampling method is a time-saving and cost-effective alternative to pumped-sampling methods in a long-term monitoring program, such as at the Massachusetts Military Reservation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055010","usgsCitation":"Archfield, S.A., and LeBlanc, D.R., 2005, Comparison of diffusion- and pumped-sampling methods to monitor volatile organic compounds in ground water, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, July 1999–December 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5010, v, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055010.","productDescription":"v, 53 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2005_5010.jpg"},{"id":393978,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_72217.htm"},{"id":6746,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5010/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"5000000","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod, Massachusetts Military Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.625,\n 41.5958\n ],\n [\n -70.5,\n 41.5958\n ],\n [\n -70.5,\n 41.7083\n ],\n [\n -70.625,\n 41.7083\n ],\n [\n -70.625,\n 41.5958\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae366","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Archfield, Stacey A. 0000-0002-9011-3871 sarch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-3871","contributorId":1874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"Stacey","email":"sarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70691,"text":"sim2814 - 2005 - Geologic and geophysical maps of the Las Vegas 30' x 60' quadrangle, Clark and Nye counties, Nevada, and Inyo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T13:56:13","indexId":"sim2814","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2814","title":"Geologic and geophysical maps of the Las Vegas 30' x 60' quadrangle, Clark and Nye counties, Nevada, and Inyo County, California","docAbstract":"Las Vegas and Pahrump are two of the fastest growing cities in the US, and the shortage of water looms as among the greatest future problems for these cities. These new maps of the Las Vegas 30 x 60-minute quadrangle provide a geologic and geophysical framework and fundamental earth science database needed to address societal issues such as ground water supply and contamination, surface flood, landslide, and seismic hazards, and soil properties and their changing impact by and on urbanization.\r\n The mountain ranges surrounding Las Vegas and Pahrump consist of Mesozoic, Paleozoic and Proterozoic rocks. A majority of these rocks are Paleozoic carbonate rocks that are part of Nevada's carbonate rock aquifer province. The Spring Mountains represent a major recharge site in the province, where maximum altitude is 3,632 m (Charleston Peak) above sea level. Rocks in the Sheep and Las Vegas Ranges and Spring Mountains contain correlative, northeast-striking, southeast-verging thrust faults that are part of the Cretaceous, Sevier orogenic belt. These thrusts were offset during the Miocene by the Las Vegas Valley shear system (LVVSZ). We conducted new mapping in the Blue Diamond area, highlighting refined work on the Bird Spring thrust, newly studied ancient landslides, and gravity-slide blocks. We conducted new mapping in the Las Vegas Range and mapped previously unrecognized structures such as the Valley thrust and fold belt; recognition of these structures has led to a refined correlation of Mesozoic thrust faults across the LVVSZ. New contributions in the quadrangle also include a greatly refined stratigraphy of Paleozoic bedrock units based on conodont biostragraphy. We collected over 200 conodont samples in the quadrangle and established stratigraphic reference sections used to correlate units across the major Mesozoic thrust faults.\r\n Quaternary deposits cover about half of the map area and underlie most of the present urbanized area. Deposits consist of large coalescing alluvial fans that grade downslope to extensive areas of fine-grained sediment indicative of groundwater-discharge during the Pleistocene. In the central areas of Las Vegas and Pahrump valleys, Quaternary fault scarps associated with past ground-water discharge deposits suggest a genetic relationship. In collaboration with NBMG and University of Nevada, a variety of ages of gravelly alluvium are newly mapped using surficial characteristics and soil development, along with reassessment of previously published mapping during compilation. Reconnaissance geochronology (thermoluminescence and U-series) of eolian and authigenic components of surficial and buried soils and spring deposits is applied to test hypotheses of geomorphic and hydrologic response to climate change over the past 100 k.y.). The major structure in the Las Vegas quadrangle is the LVVSZ. Because the LVVSZ is concealed by thick basin-fill deposits of Quaternary and Tertiary age, it was characterized primarily based on geophysics. Likewise, the newly described State line fault system in Pahrump Valley has also been characterized by geophysics, where geophysically inferred structures correlate remarkably with surface structures defined by our new geologic mapping in the Mound Spring and Hidden Hills Ranch 7.5-minute quadrangles.","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/sim2814","usgsCitation":"Page, W.R., Lundstrom, S.C., Harris, A.G., Langenheim, V., Workman, J.B., Mahan, S., Paces, J.B., Dixon, G.L., Rowley, P.D., Burchfiel, B., Bell, J.W., and Smith, E.I., 2005, Geologic and geophysical maps of the Las Vegas 30' x 60' quadrangle, Clark and Nye counties, Nevada, and Inyo County, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2814, 58 p.; 2 sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2814.","productDescription":"58 p.; 2 sheets","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6745,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2814/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110565,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_71661.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"71661"}],"scale":"5000000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8263","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, William R. 0000-0002-0722-9911 rpage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0722-9911","contributorId":1628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"William","email":"rpage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lundstrom, Scott C. 0000-0003-4149-2219 sclundst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4149-2219","contributorId":2446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundstrom","given":"Scott","email":"sclundst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, Anita G.","contributorId":50162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":1526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Workman, Jeremiah B. 0000-0001-7816-6420 jworkman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7816-6420","contributorId":714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Workman","given":"Jeremiah","email":"jworkman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":1215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dixon, Gary L.","contributorId":23571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rowley, Peter D.","contributorId":27435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowley","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Burchfiel, B.C.","contributorId":30262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burchfiel","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bell, John W.","contributorId":61411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Smith, Eugene I.","contributorId":35185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70674,"text":"sir20045268 - 2005 - Effects of aquifer heterogeneity on ground-water flow and chloride concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer near and within an active pumping well field, west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:47","indexId":"sir20045268","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5268","title":"Effects of aquifer heterogeneity on ground-water flow and chloride concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer near and within an active pumping well field, west-central Florida","docAbstract":"Chloride concentrations have been increasing over time in water from wells within and near the Eldridge-Wilde well field, near the coast in west-central Florida. Variable increases in chloride concentrations from well to well over time are the combined result of aquifer heterogeneity and ground-water pumping within the Upper Floridan aquifer. Deep mineralized water and saline water associated with the saltwater interface appear to move preferentially along flow zones of high transmissivity in response to ground-water withdrawals. The calcium-bicarbonate-type freshwater of the Upper Floridan aquifer within the study area is variably enriched with ions by mixing with introduced deep and saline ground water. The amount and variability of increases in chloride and sulfate concentrations at each well are related to well location, depth interval, and permeable intervals intercepted by the borehole.\r\n\r\nZones of high transmissivity characterize the multilayered carbonate rocks of the Upper Floridan aquifer. Well-developed secondary porosity within the Tampa/Suwannee Limestones and the Avon Park Formation has created producing zones within the Upper Floridan aquifer. The highly transmissive sections of the Avon Park Formation generally are several orders of magnitude more permeable than the Tampa/Suwannee Limestones, but both are associated with increased ground-water flow. The Ocala Limestone is less permeable and is dominated by primary, intergranular porosity. Acoustic televiewer logging, caliper logs, and borehole flow logs (both electromagnetic and heat pulse) indicate that the Tampa/Suwannee Limestone units are dominated by porosity owing to dissolution between 200 and 300 feet below land surface, whereas the porosity of the Avon Park Formation is dominated by fractures that occur primarily from 600 to 750 feet below land surface and range in angle from horizontal to near vertical. Although the Ocala Limestone can act as a semiconfining unit between the Avon Park Formation and the Tampa/Suwannee Limestones, seismic-reflection data and photolinear analyses indicate that fractures and discontinuities in the Ocala Limestone are present within the southwestern part of the well field. It is possible that some fracture zones extend upward from the Avon Park Formation through the Ocala, Suwannee, and Tampa Limestones to land surface. These fractures may provide a more direct hydrologic connection between transmissive zones that are vertically separated by less permeable stratigraphic units.\r\n\r\nGround water moves along permeable zones within the Upper Floridan aquifer in response to changes in head gradients as a result of pumping. Borehole geophysical measurements, including flow logs, specific conductance logs, and continuous monitoring of specific conductance at selected fixed depths, indicate that borehole specific conductance varies substantially with time and in response to pumping stresses. Ground-water mixing between hydrogeologic units likely occurs along highly transmissive zones and within boreholes of active production wells. Ground-water movement and water-quality changes were greatest along the most transmissive zones.\r\n\r\nVariable mixing of three water-type end members (freshwater, deepwater, and saltwater) occurs throughout the study area. Both deepwater and saltwater are likely sources for elevated chloride and sulfate concentrations in ground water. Mass-balance calculations of mixtures of the three end members indicate that deepwater is found throughout the aquifer units. Samples from wells within the southwestern part of the well field indicate that deepwater migrates into the shallow permeable units in the southwestern part of the well field. Deepwater contributes to elevated sulfate and chloride concentrations, which increase with depth and are elevated in wells less than 400 feet deep.\r\n\r\nThe greatest increases in chloride concentrations over time are found in water from wells closest to the saltwater interface. Gro","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045268","usgsCitation":"Tihansky, A., 2005, Effects of aquifer heterogeneity on ground-water flow and chloride concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer near and within an active pumping well field, west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5268, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045268.","productDescription":"81 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6711,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5268/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624a6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tihansky, A. B. 0000-0003-1681-1601","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1681-1601","contributorId":77956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tihansky","given":"A. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70657,"text":"ofr20051041 - 2005 - Geodatabase of environmental information for Air Force Plant 4 and Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base Carswell Field, Fort Worth, Texas, 1990-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-03T18:57:10.917599","indexId":"ofr20051041","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1041","title":"Geodatabase of environmental information for Air Force Plant 4 and Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base Carswell Field, Fort Worth, Texas, 1990-2004","docAbstract":"Air Force Plant 4 (AFP4) and adjacent Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base (NAS-JRB) at Fort Worth, Tex., constitute a government-owned, contractor-operated (GOCO) facility that has been in operation since 1942. Contaminants from the facility, primarily volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and metals, have entered the groundwater-flow system through leakage from waste-disposal sites (landfills and pits) and from manufacturing processes (U.S. Air Force, Aeronautical Systems Center, 1995).
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force (USAF), Aeronautical Systems Center, Environmental Management Directorate (ASC/ENVR), developed a comprehensive database (or geodatabase) of temporal and spatial environmental information associated with the geology, hydrology, and water quality at AFP4 and NAS-JRB. The database of this report provides information about the AFP4 and NAS-JRB study area including sample location names, identification numbers, locations, historical dates, and various measured hydrologic data. This database does not include every sample location at the site, but is limited to an aggregation of selected digital and hardcopy data of the USAF, USGS, and various consultants who have previously or are currently working at the site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051041","usgsCitation":"Shah, S., and Quigley, S.M., 2005, Geodatabase of environmental information for Air Force Plant 4 and Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base Carswell Field, Fort Worth, Texas, 1990-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1041, Report: 5 p.; ReadMe; Zipped CD Files; Data Dictionary, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051041.","productDescription":"Report: 5 p.; ReadMe; Zipped CD Files; Data Dictionary","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327707,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051041.JPG"},{"id":409125,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_72070.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":6754,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1041/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Fort Worth","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.42554321003897,\n 32.780688573146605\n ],\n [\n -97.42554321003897,\n 32.74218303078236\n ],\n [\n -97.38269461761818,\n 32.74218303078236\n ],\n [\n -97.38269461761818,\n 32.780688573146605\n ],\n [\n -97.42554321003897,\n 32.780688573146605\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shah, Sachin D.","contributorId":60174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Sachin D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quigley, Sean M.","contributorId":22435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quigley","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70647,"text":"sir20045238 - 2005 - Recharge processes in an alluvial aquifer riparian zone, Norman Landfill, Norman, Oklahoma, 1998-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-28T20:51:35.808523","indexId":"sir20045238","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5238","title":"Recharge processes in an alluvial aquifer riparian zone, Norman Landfill, Norman, Oklahoma, 1998-2000","docAbstract":"Analyses of stable isotope profiles (d2H and d18O) in the saturated zone, combined with water-table fluctuations, gave a comprehensive picture of recharge processes in an alluvial aquifer riparian zone. At the Norman Landfill U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology research site in Norman, Oklahoma, recharge to the aquifer appears to drive biodegradation, contributing fresh supplies of electron acceptors for the attenuation of leachate compounds from the landfill. Quantifying recharge is a first step in studying this process in detail. Both chemical and physical methods were used to estimate recharge. Chemical methods included measuring the increase in recharge water in the saturated zone, as defined by isotopic signature, specific conductance or chloride measurements; and infiltration rate estimates using storm event isotopic signatures. Physical methods included measurement of water-table rise after individual rain events and on an approximately monthly time scale. Evapotranspiration rates were estimated using diurnal watertable fluctuations; outflux of water from the alluvial aquifer during the growing season had a large effect on net recharge at the site.\r\n\r\nEvaporation and methanogenesis gave unique isotopic signatures to different sources of water at the site, allowing the distinction of recharge using the offset of the isotopic signature from the local meteoric water line. The downward movement of water from large, isotopically depleted rain events in the saturated zone yielded recharge rate estimates (2.2 - 3.3 mm/day), and rates also were determined by observing changes in thickness of the layer of infiltrated recharge water at the top of the saturated zone (1.5 - 1.6 mm/day). Recharge measured over 2 years (1998-2000) in two locations at the site averaged 37 percent of rainfall, however, part of this water had only a short residence time in the aquifer. Isotopes showed recharge water entering the ground-water system in winter and spring, then being removed during the growing season by phreatophyte transpiration. Recharge timing was variable over the course of the study; July and August were the only months that had no recharge in both years. Recharge to the aquifer from the slough (wetland pond) was estimated at one location using the isotopic signature of water affected by evaporation. Recharge was correlated with the rainfall amount over the period of estimation, suggesting that recharge from the slough to the downgradient aquifer was an episodic process, corresponding to elevated water levels in the slough after large rain events.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045238","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M., Christenson, S., Cozzarelli, I., Ferree, D., and Jaeshke, J., 2005, Recharge processes in an alluvial aquifer riparian zone, Norman Landfill, Norman, Oklahoma, 1998-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5238, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045238.","productDescription":"60 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185579,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6750,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5238/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":411142,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_72211.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"5000000","country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","city":"Norman","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.45,\n 35.1625\n ],\n [\n -97.45,\n 35.1714\n ],\n [\n -97.4417,\n 35.1714\n ],\n [\n -97.4417,\n 35.1625\n ],\n [\n -97.45,\n 35.1625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689fb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, Martha","contributorId":62880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christenson, Scott","contributorId":59128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle 0000-0002-5123-1007","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":53649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferree, Dale","contributorId":61299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferree","given":"Dale","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaeshke, Jeanne","contributorId":103926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeshke","given":"Jeanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70185646,"text":"70185646 - 2005 - Environmental issues of petroleum exploration and production: Introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T10:58:39","indexId":"70185646","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1541,"text":"Environmental Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental issues of petroleum exploration and production: Introduction","docAbstract":"Energy is the lifeblood of our planet Earth, an essential commod- ity that powers the expanding global economy. Starting in the 1950s, oil and natural gas became the main sources of primary energy for the increasing world population, and this dominance is expected to continue for several more decades (Edwards, 1997; Energy Information Administration (EIA), 2004). In the United States, petroleum production started in 1859 when Drake's well was drilled near Titusville, Pennsylvania, and oil and natural gas currently supply approximately 63% of the energy consumption; forecasts indicate that by 2025, their use will increase by about 40% to 28.3 million bbl/day and to 31.4 tcf/yr (EIA, 2004). The clear benefits of petroleum consumption, however, can carry major environmental impacts that may be regional or global in scale, in- cluding air pollution, global climate change, and oil spills. This vol- ume of Environmental Geosciences, covering environmental impacts of petroleum exploration and production, does not address these major impacts directly because air pollution and global warming are issues related primarily to petroleum and coal uses, and major oil spills are generally attributed to marine petroleum transportation, such as the Exxon Valdez's 1989 spill of 260,000 bbl of oil into Prince William Sound, Alaska. Exploration for and production of petroleum, however, have caused local detrimental impacts to soils, surface and groundwa- ters, and ecosystems in the 36 producing states in the United States (Richter and Kreitler, 1993; Kharaka and Hanor, 2003). These im- pacts arose primarily from the improper disposal of some of the large volumes (presently estimated at 20 billion bbl/yr total pro- duced) of saline water produced with oil and gas, from accidental hydrocarbon and produced-water releases, and from abandoned oil wells that were orphaned or not correctly plugged (Kharaka et al., 1995; Veil et al., 2004). Impacts and ground-surface disturbances, in the order of several acres per well, can also arise from related activities such as site clearance, construction of roads, tank bat- teries, brine pits and pipelines, and other land modifications nec- essary for the drilling of exploration and production wells and construction of production facilities. The cumulative impacts from these operations are high, because a total of about 3.5 million oil.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y.K., and Dorsey, N.S., 2005, Environmental issues of petroleum exploration and production: Introduction: Environmental Geosciences, v. 12, no. 2, p. 61-63.","productDescription":"3 p. ","startPage":"61","endPage":"63","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338346,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":359151,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://toxics.usgs.gov/pubs/KharakaIntro.PDF"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da251be4b0543bf7fda802","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorsey, Nancy S.","contributorId":189835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70603,"text":"wdrOR041 - 2005 - Water resources data for Oregon, water year 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:04","indexId":"wdrOR041","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"OR-04-1","title":"Water resources data for Oregon, water year 2004","docAbstract":"The annual Oregon water data report is one of a series of annual reports that document hydrologic data gathered from the U.S. Geological Survey's surface- and ground-water data-collection networks in each State, Puerto Rico, and the Trust Territories. These records of streamflow, ground-water levels, and quality of water provide the hydrologic information needed by State, local, Tribal, and Federal agencies and the private sector for developing and managing our Nation's land and water resources.\r\n\r\nThis report contains water year 2004 data for both surface and ground water, including discharge records for 209 streamflow-gaging stations, 42 partial-record or miscellaneous streamflow stations, and 9 crest-stage partial-record streamflow stations; stage-only records for 6 gaging stations; stage and content records for 15 lakes and reservoirs; water-level records from 12 long-term observation wells; and water-quality records collected at 133 streamflow-gaging stations and 1 atmospheric deposition station.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrOR041","usgsCitation":"Herrett, T.A., Hess, G.W., House, J.G., Ruppert, G.P., and Courts, M., 2005, Water resources data for Oregon, water year 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report OR-04-1, 968 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrOR041.","productDescription":"968 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6796,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-or-04/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629a04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herrett, Thomas A. herrett@usgs.gov","contributorId":3505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrett","given":"Thomas","email":"herrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, Glenn W.","contributorId":33411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"House, Jon G.","contributorId":85266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruppert, Gregory P.","contributorId":46616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Courts, Mary-Lorraine","contributorId":104151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Courts","given":"Mary-Lorraine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70609,"text":"sir20055071 - 2005 - Water quality, hydrology, and phosphorus loading to Little St. Germain Lake, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of winter aeration and ground-water inputs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:31:05","indexId":"sir20055071","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5071","title":"Water quality, hydrology, and phosphorus loading to Little St. Germain Lake, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of winter aeration and ground-water inputs","docAbstract":"Little St. Germain Lake is a 978-acre, multibasin lake in Vilas County, Wisconsin. In the interest of protecting and improving the water quality of the lake, the Little St. Germain Lake District initiated several cooperative studies with the U.S. Geological Survey between 1991 and 2004 to (1) document the water quality and the extent of winter anoxia in the lake, (2) evaluate the success of aerators at eliminating winter anoxia, (3) develop water and nutrient budgets for the lake, and (4) assess how the water quality of the lake should respond to changes in phosphorus loading. This report presents the results of these cooperative studies with special emphasis on the water quality in the lake since 2000, including the effects of winter aeration and the importance of ground-water contributions of phosphorus to the productivity of the lake.
\nMeasurements collected during these studies indicate that the water quality in Little St. Germain Lake was consistently different among basins. The West Bay consistently had the best water quality, the South Bay had intermediate water quality, and the East and Upper East Bays consistently had the worst water quality. The water quality in each of the basins was relatively stable from 1991 to 2000; however, since 2001, the West Bay has changed from oligotrophic to mesotrophic, the South Bay has changed from mesotrophic to eutrophic, and the East and Upper East Bays have changed from eutrophic to eutrophic/hypereutrophic.
\nWinter anoxia frequently occurred throughout most of the lake, except in the West Bay and just below the ice in the East Bay. To eliminate winter anoxia, coarse-bubble line aerators were installed and operated in the Upper East, East, and South Bays. The aerators in the Upper East and South Bays were very successful at eliminating winter anoxia; however, the aerator in the East Bay had little impact on the dissolved oxygen concentrations throughout its basin.
\nDetailed water and phosphorus budgets computed for the lake indicated that inflow from Muskellunge Creek was the major source of phosphorus to the lake and that ground water was the secondary source. Results from a detailed ground-water-flow model indicated that ground water flows into the lake from all sides, except the south sides of the West and Second South Bays. Most of the phosphorus appears to come from natural sources, such as ground water and surface water flowing through relatively undeveloped areas surrounding Little St. Germain Lake and Muskellunge Lake.
\nSeveral empirical water-quality models were used to simulate how the East and Upper East Bays of the lake should respond to reductions in phosphorus loading from Muskellunge Creek. Simulation results indicated that reductions in tributary loading could improve the water quality of the East and Upper East Bays. Improving the water quality of these bays would also improve the water quality of the South and Second South Bays because of the flow of water through the lake. However, even with phosphorus loading from Muskellunge Creek completely eliminated, most of the lake would remain borderline mesotrophic/eutrophic because of the contributions of phosphorus from ground water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055071","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Little St. Germain Lake District","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., Rose, W., and Saad, D.A., 2005, Water quality, hydrology, and phosphorus loading to Little St. Germain Lake, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of winter aeration and ground-water inputs: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5071, viii, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055071.","productDescription":"viii, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1991-04-01","temporalEnd":"2004-03-31","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6799,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5071/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":311328,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5071/pdf/SIR_2005-5071.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Vilas County","otherGeospatial":"Littel St. Germain Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.50561523437499,\n 45.89550409759517\n ],\n [\n -89.50561523437499,\n 45.94064578150488\n ],\n [\n -89.38133239746092,\n 45.94064578150488\n ],\n [\n -89.38133239746092,\n 45.89550409759517\n ],\n [\n -89.50561523437499,\n 45.89550409759517\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd357","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, William J. wjrose@usgs.gov","contributorId":2182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William J.","email":"wjrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70611,"text":"fs20053044 - 2005 - Acoustic doppler velocity monitoring within Main Spring, Barton Springs, Austin, Texas, April-September 2004-enhancing the accuracy of springflow data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T10:58:55","indexId":"fs20053044","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3044","title":"Acoustic doppler velocity monitoring within Main Spring, Barton Springs, Austin, Texas, April-September 2004-enhancing the accuracy of springflow data","docAbstract":"Acoustic Doppler velocity (ADV) meters are sophisticated underwater monitoring instruments that use sound waves to measure water velocity in as many as three directions. In April 2004, an ADV meter was installed inside the principal orifice and discharge point of Main Spring at Barton Springs in Austin, Texas. This instrument collects velocity data that can be used to enhance the accuracy of springflow data and identify previously unrecognized hydrologic patterns.
An accurate record of springflow at Barton Springs is important for several reasons. First, Barton Springs is the only known habitat for the Barton Springs salamander (Eurycea sosorum), a federally-listed endangered species that is dependent on reliable springflow to survive. Determination of sustainable Edwards aquifer yields compatible with the survival of the species is impossible without an accurate springflow record. Second, the 3-acre swimming pool fed by Barton Springs is enjoyed by about 340,000 people per year (2003) and is an important tourist attraction. Third, Barton Springs provides a part of Austin's municipal water supply; water from Barton Springs discharges into Town Lake on the Colorado River about 0.4 mile upstream from one of Austin's three water-supply plants. Fourth, flow in Barton Springs reflects water levels in the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards aquifer, which currently (2005) is designated a sole-source aquifer by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey, briefly summarizes the results of recent ADV-based velocity and springflow data acquisition at Barton Springs and describes an application of velocity monitoring to enhance the accuracy of springflow data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20053044","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W., and Gary, M., 2005, Acoustic doppler velocity monitoring within Main Spring, Barton Springs, Austin, Texas, April-September 2004-enhancing the accuracy of springflow data: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3044, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053044.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3044.bmp"},{"id":341828,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3044/pdf/FS_2005-3044.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":6801,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs2005-3044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin","otherGeospatial":"Barton Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.78514385223389,\n 30.259030134829775\n ],\n [\n -97.7625274658203,\n 30.259030134829775\n ],\n [\n -97.7625274658203,\n 30.2678890804847\n ],\n [\n -97.78514385223389,\n 30.2678890804847\n ],\n [\n -97.78514385223389,\n 30.259030134829775\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a2b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, W.H.","contributorId":87980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gary, M.O.","contributorId":12917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gary","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184392,"text":"70184392 - 2005 - Ground-water/surface-water responses to global climate simulations, Santa Clara-Calleguas basin, Ventura County, California, 1950-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T10:14:43","indexId":"70184392","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water/surface-water responses to global climate simulations, Santa Clara-Calleguas basin, Ventura County, California, 1950-93","docAbstract":"Climate variations can play an important, if not always crucial, role in successful conjunctive management of ground water and surface water resources. This will require accurate accounting of the links between variations in climate, recharge, and withdrawal from the resource systems, accurate projection or predictions of the climate variations, and accurate simulation of the responses of the resource systems. To assess linkages and predictability of climate influences on conjunctive management, global climate model (GCM) simulated precipitation rates were used to estimate inflows and outflows from a regional ground water model (RGWM) of the coastal aquifers of the Santa Clara-Calleguas Basin at Ventura, California, for 1950 to 1993. Interannual to interdecadal time scales of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) climate variations are imparted to simulated precipitation variations in the Southern California area and are realistically imparted to the simulated ground water level variations through the climate-driven recharge (and discharge) variations. For example, the simulated average ground water level response at a key observation well in the basin to ENSO variations of tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures is 1.2 m/°C, compared to 0.9 m/°C in observations. This close agreement shows that the GCM-RGWM combination can translate global scale climate variations into realistic local ground water responses. Probability distributions of simulated ground water level excursions above a local water level threshold for potential seawater intrusion compare well to the corresponding distributions from observations and historical RGWM simulations, demonstrating the combination's potential usefulness for water management and planning. Thus the GCM-RGWM combination could be used for planning purposes and — when the GCM forecast skills are adequate — for near term predictions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03752.x","usgsCitation":"Hanson, R.T., and Dettinger, M., 2005, Ground-water/surface-water responses to global climate simulations, Santa Clara-Calleguas basin, Ventura County, California, 1950-93: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 41, no. 3, p. 517-536, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03752.x.","productDescription":"20 p. ","startPage":"517","endPage":"536","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337070,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Ventura ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.56970214843749,\n 34.397844946449865\n ],\n [\n -118.72924804687499,\n 33.94335994657882\n ],\n [\n -118.30902099609374,\n 34.30260622622907\n ],\n [\n -118.12774658203125,\n 34.56764471968292\n ],\n [\n -117.73223876953124,\n 35.054732099950705\n ],\n [\n -117.68829345703125,\n 35.21196570103912\n ],\n [\n -118.12774658203125,\n 35.44724605551148\n ],\n [\n -118.86383056640625,\n 35.60371874069731\n ],\n [\n -119.42962646484374,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -119.63836669921875,\n 35.632744348010625\n ],\n [\n -119.6905517578125,\n 34.4069096565206\n ],\n [\n -119.56970214843749,\n 34.397844946449865\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263fe4b014cc3a3d34c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":146383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael D.","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70595,"text":"sir20055090 - 2005 - Inventory of ground-water resources in the Kabul Basin, Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-28T15:59:10.570019","indexId":"sir20055090","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5090","title":"Inventory of ground-water resources in the Kabul Basin, Afghanistan","docAbstract":"In 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey began working with engineers at the Afghanistan Geological Survey to provide hydrologic training and equipment and to apply these tools to build an inventory of water wells in the Kabul Basin of Afghanistan. An inventory of 148 wells now includes information on well location, depth, and access. Water-level and water-quality measurements have been made at most of these wells. A water-level elevation map has been constructed, and general directions of ground-water flow have been defined.\r\n\r\nGround-water flow in the Kabul Basin is primarily through saturated alluvium and other basin-fill sediments. The water-table surface generally mirrors topography, and ground water generally flows in the directions of surface-water discharge. The quality of ground water in the Kabul Basin varies widely. In some areas, ground-water quality is excellent, with low concentrations of dissolved solids and no problematic constituents. In other areas, however, high concentrations of dissolved solids and the presence of some constituents at concentrations deemed harmful to humans and crops render untreated ground water marginal or unsuitable for public supply and/or agricultural use. Of particular concern are elevated concentrations of nitrate, boron, and dissolved solids, and an indication of fecal pollution in some parts of the basin.\r\n\r\nAs Afghanistan emerges from years of conflict, as institutional capacities rejuvenate and grow, and as the need for wise water-management decisions continues, adequate data and a fuller understanding of the ground-water resource in the Kabul Basin will be imperative. The work described in this report represents only a modest beginning in what will be a long-term data-collection and interpretive effort.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055090","usgsCitation":"Broshears, R.E., Chornack, M.P., Mueller, D.K., and Ruddy, B.C., 2005, Inventory of ground-water resources in the Kabul Basin, Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5090, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055090.","productDescription":"44 p.","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6892,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5090/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[61.21082,35.65007],[62.23065,35.27066],[62.98466,35.40404],[63.19354,35.85717],[63.9829,36.00796],[64.54648,36.31207],[64.74611,37.11182],[65.58895,37.30522],[65.74563,37.66116],[66.21738,37.39379],[66.51861,37.36278],[67.07578,37.35614],[67.83,37.14499],[68.13556,37.02312],[68.85945,37.34434],[69.19627,37.15114],[69.51879,37.609],[70.11658,37.58822],[70.27057,37.73516],[70.3763,38.1384],[70.80682,38.48628],[71.34813,38.25891],[71.2394,37.95327],[71.54192,37.90577],[71.44869,37.06564],[71.84464,36.73817],[72.19304,36.94829],[72.63689,37.04756],[73.26006,37.49526],[73.9487,37.42157],[74.98,37.41999],[75.15803,37.13303],[74.57589,37.02084],[74.06755,36.83618],[72.92002,36.72001],[71.84629,36.50994],[71.26235,36.07439],[71.49877,35.65056],[71.61308,35.1532],[71.11502,34.73313],[71.15677,34.34891],[70.8818,33.98886],[69.93054,34.02012],[70.32359,33.35853],[69.68715,33.1055],[69.26252,32.50194],[69.31776,31.90141],[68.92668,31.62019],[68.55693,31.71331],[67.79269,31.58293],[67.68339,31.30315],[66.93889,31.30491],[66.38146,30.7389],[66.34647,29.88794],[65.04686,29.47218],[64.35042,29.56003],[64.148,29.34082],[63.55026,29.46833],[62.54986,29.31857],[60.87425,29.82924],[61.78122,30.73585],[61.69931,31.37951],[60.94194,31.54807],[60.86365,32.18292],[60.53608,32.98127],[60.9637,33.52883],[60.52843,33.67645],[60.80319,34.4041],[61.21082,35.65007]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Afghanistan\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e479de4b07f02db491c7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Broshears, Robert E.","contributorId":40675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broshears","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chornack, Michael P. mpchorna@usgs.gov","contributorId":2431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chornack","given":"Michael","email":"mpchorna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, David K. mueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"mueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruddy, Barbara C. bcruddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":4163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruddy","given":"Barbara","email":"bcruddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70598,"text":"wdrNJ041 - 2005 - Water resources data, New Jersey, water year 2004-volume 1. surface-water data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:45","indexId":"wdrNJ041","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NJ-04-1","title":"Water resources data, New Jersey, water year 2004-volume 1. surface-water data","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 2004 water year for New Jersey are presented in three volumes, and consists of records of stage, discharge, and water-quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water-quality of ground water. Volume 1 contains discharge records for 105 gaging stations; tide summaries at 27 tidal gaging stations; stage and contents at 39 lakes and reservoirs; and diversions from 51 surface-water sources. Also included are stage and discharge for 108 crest-stage partial-record stations, stage-only at 34 tidal crest-stage gages, and discharge for 124 low-flow partial-record stations. Locations of these sites are shown in figures 8-11. Additional discharge measurements were made at 131 miscellaneous sites that are not part of the systematic data-collection program. Discontinued station tables for gaging stations, crest-stage gages, tidal crest-stage and tidal gaging stations show historical coverage. The data in this report represent that part of the National Water Information System (NWIS) data collected by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Hydrologic conditions are also described for this water year, including stream-flow, precipitation, reservoir conditions, and air temperatures.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrNJ041","usgsCitation":"Centinaro, G., White, B., Hoppe, H., Dudek, J., Protz, A., Reed, T., Shvanda, J., and Watson, A., 2005, Water resources data, New Jersey, water year 2004-volume 1. surface-water data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NJ-04-1, 412 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNJ041.","productDescription":"412 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6895,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdrnj041/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0f60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Centinaro, G.L.","contributorId":61892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Centinaro","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, B.T.","contributorId":9710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoppe, H.L.","contributorId":36994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoppe","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dudek, J.F.","contributorId":31818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudek","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Protz, A.R.","contributorId":97976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Protz","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reed, T.J. 0000-0002-9943-4081","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9943-4081","contributorId":15224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shvanda, J.C.","contributorId":34999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shvanda","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Watson, A.F.","contributorId":85653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70589,"text":"fs20053046 - 2005 - USGS California Water Science Center water programs in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T14:17:51","indexId":"fs20053046","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3046","title":"USGS California Water Science Center water programs in California","docAbstract":"California is threatened by many natural hazards—fire, floods, landslides, earthquakes. The State is also threatened by longer-term problems, such as hydrologic effects of climate change, and human-induced problems, such as overuse of ground water and degradation of water quality. The threats and problems are intensified by increases in population, which has risen to nearly 36.8 million. For the USGS California Water Science Center, providing scientific information to help address hazards, threats, and hydrologic issues is a top priority. To meet the demands of a growing California, USGS scientific investigations are helping State and local governments improve emergency management, optimize resources, collect contaminant-source and -mobility information, and improve surface- and ground-water quality. USGS hydrologic studies and data collection throughout the State give water managers quantifiable and detailed scientific information that can be used to plan for development and to protect and more efficiently manage resources. The USGS, in cooperation with state, local, and tribal agencies, operates more than 500 instrument stations, which monitor streamflow, ground-water levels, and surface- and ground-water constituents to help protect water supplies and predict the threats of natural hazards. The following are some of the programs implemented by the USGS, in cooperation with other agencies, to obtain and analyze information needed to preserve California's environment and resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20053046","usgsCitation":"Shulters, M.V., 2005, USGS California Water Science Center water programs in California (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3046, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053046.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3046.jpg"},{"id":6890,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs2005-3046/"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United 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\"}}]}","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611954","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shulters, Michael V. shulters@usgs.gov","contributorId":1023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shulters","given":"Michael","email":"shulters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70590,"text":"sir20055092 - 2005 - Historic and naturalized monthly streamflow for selected sites in the Red River of the North Basin in North Dakota, Minnesota, and South Dakota, 1931-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T16:09:32","indexId":"sir20055092","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5092","title":"Historic and naturalized monthly streamflow for selected sites in the Red River of the North Basin in North Dakota, Minnesota, and South Dakota, 1931-2001","docAbstract":"Historic monthly streamflow data were compiled and missing historic and naturalized monthly streamflow data were estimated to develop a database of updated streamflow data for January 1931 through December 2001 (the data-development period) for 35 sites in the Red River of the North Basin. Of the 35 sites, 4 had gaged historic monthly streamflow data for the entire data-development period, 10 had gaged historic monthly streamflow data for part of the data-development period, and 21 had no gaged historic monthly streamflow data. To develop the database, a modified drainage-area ratio method, a maintenance of variance extension type 1 method, and a water-balance method were used to estimate the missing historic monthly streamflow data. Naturalized streamflow for the 35 sites was estimated by eliminating the hydrologic effects of Orwell Dam, Reservation Dam, White Rock Dam, Baldhill Dam, surfacewater withdrawals, and return flows.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055092","usgsCitation":"Emerson, D.G., 2005, Historic and naturalized monthly streamflow for selected sites in the Red River of the North Basin in North Dakota, Minnesota, and South Dakota, 1931-2001 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5092, vi, 228 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055092.","productDescription":"vi, 228 p.","numberOfPages":"235","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6891,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.1,45.96666666666667 ], [ -100.1,49 ], [ -94.43333333333334,49 ], [ -94.43333333333334,45.96666666666667 ], [ -100.1,45.96666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db691287","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emerson, Douglas G.","contributorId":40579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emerson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184413,"text":"70184413 - 2005 - Saline tracer visualized with three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography: Field-scale spatial moment analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:27:27","indexId":"70184413","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Saline tracer visualized with three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography: Field-scale spatial moment analysis","docAbstract":"Cross-well electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was used to monitor the migration of a saline tracer in a two-well pumping-injection experiment conducted at the Massachusetts Military Reservation in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. After injecting 2200 mg/L of sodium chloride for 9 hours, ERT data sets were collected from four wells every 6 hours for 20 days. More than 180,000 resistance measurements were collected during the tracer test. Each ERT data set was inverted to produce a sequence of 3-D snapshot maps that track the plume. In addition to the ERT experiment a pumping test and an infiltration test were conducted to estimate horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity values. Using modified moment analysis of the electrical conductivity tomograms, the mass, center of mass, and spatial variance of the imaged tracer plume were estimated. Although the tomograms provide valuable insights into field-scale tracer migration behavior and aquifer heterogeneity, standard tomographic inversion and application of Archie's law to convert electrical conductivities to solute concentration results in underestimation of tracer mass. Such underestimation is attributed to (1) reduced measurement sensitivity to electrical conductivity values with distance from the electrodes and (2) spatial smoothing (regularization) from tomographic inversion. The center of mass estimated from the ERT inversions coincided with that given by migration of the tracer plume using 3-D advective-dispersion simulation. The 3-D plumes seen using ERT exhibit greater apparent dispersion than the simulated plumes and greater temporal spreading than observed in field data of concentration breakthrough at the pumping well.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003460","usgsCitation":"Singha, K., and Gorelick, S.M., 2005, Saline tracer visualized with three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography: Field-scale spatial moment analysis: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 5, W05023; 17 p. , https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003460.","productDescription":"W05023; 17 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003460","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337104,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263fe4b014cc3a3d34c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singha, Kamini","contributorId":76733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorelick, Steven M.","contributorId":8784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70581,"text":"wdrMARI041 - 2005 - Water resources data for Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:45","indexId":"wdrMARI041","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MA-RI-04-1","title":"Water resources data for Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 2004","docAbstract":"This report includes records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; contents and elevation of lakes and ponds; and water levels of ground-water wells. This volume contains discharge records for 112 gaging stations; stage records for 2 gaging stations; stage records for 2 ponds; month-end contents of 1 reservoir; precipitation totals at 6 gaging stations; water quality for 21 gaging stations; air temperature at 2 climatological stations; and water levels for 131 observation wells. Locations of these sites are shown in figures 1 and 2. Hydrologic data were collected at many sites that were not involved in the systematic data-collection program; these data are published as miscellaneous discharge measurements, miscellaneous surface-water-quality, and miscellaneous ground-water-quality data. The data in this report represent that part of the National Water Information System (NWIS) operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrMARI041","usgsCitation":"Socolow, R., Comeau, L., and Murino, D., 2005, Water resources data for Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MA-RI-04-1, 326 p. : photographs, https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMARI041.","productDescription":"326 p. : photographs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6887,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdr-ma-04/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f400f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Socolow, R.S.","contributorId":17639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Socolow","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Comeau, L.Y.","contributorId":52254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comeau","given":"L.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murino, Domenic Jr.","contributorId":42649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murino","given":"Domenic","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70577,"text":"fs20053034 - 2005 - People and water in the Assabet River basin, eastern Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:33:24","indexId":"fs20053034","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3034","title":"People and water in the Assabet River basin, eastern Massachusetts","docAbstract":"An accounting of the inflows, outflows, and uses of water in the rapidly developing Assabet River Basin, along Interstate 495 in eastern Massachusetts, was done to quantify how people's activities alter the hydrologic system. The study identified subbasins and seasons in which outflows resulting from people's activities were relatively large percentages of total flows, and quantified the fraction of streamflow in the Assabet River that is treated wastewater. Computer models of ground-water flow were also used to test how the components of the hydrologic system, particularly streamflow, would change with future development and increased water use. Computer simulations showed that, when water use was increased to currently permitted levels, streamflows in tributaries would decrease, particularly during the low-flow period. In the Assabet River, increased wastewater discharges resulted in a slight increase in total streamflow and an increase in the fraction of streamflow in the river that is wastewater, relative to existing conditions.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20053034","usgsCitation":"DeSimone, L.A., 2005, People and water in the Assabet River basin, eastern Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3034, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053034.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3034.bmp"},{"id":6859,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs2005-3034/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688755","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":195635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70568,"text":"ofr20051143 - 2005 - MODFLOW data extractor program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T16:52:42","indexId":"ofr20051143","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1143","title":"MODFLOW data extractor program","docAbstract":"EXTRACTOR is a program that extracts data from formatted and labeled MODFLOW head or drawdown files or from MODFLOW-GWT concentration or velocity files. The user specifies the number of rows, columns, and layers in the target data file, the desired time step or move number, and the range of rows, columns, and layers for which data should be extracted and written to a new text file. The new text file can then be imported into other data-analysis programs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051143","usgsCitation":"Zinn, B.A., and Konikow, L.F., 2005, MODFLOW data extractor program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1143, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051143.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6854,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1143/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648c5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zinn, Brendan A.","contributorId":102953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zinn","given":"Brendan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70573,"text":"sir20045202 - 2005 - Precipitation-runoff processes in the Feather River basin, northeastern California, and streamflow predictability, water years 1971-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-09T16:01:36.591205","indexId":"sir20045202","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5202","title":"Precipitation-runoff processes in the Feather River basin, northeastern California, and streamflow predictability, water years 1971-97","docAbstract":"Precipitation-runoff processes in the Feather River Basin of northern California determine short- and long-term streamflow variations that are of considerable local, State, and Federal concern. The river is an important source of water and power for the region. The basin forms the headwaters of the California State Water Project. Lake Oroville, at the outlet of the basin, plays an important role in flood management, water quality, and the health of fisheries as far downstream as the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Existing models of the river simulate streamflow in hourly, daily, weekly, and seasonal time steps, but cannot adequately describe responses to climate and land-use variations in the basin. New spatially detailed precipitation-runoff models of the basin have been developed to simulate responses to climate and land-use variations at a higher spatial resolution than was available previously. This report characterizes daily rainfall, snowpack evolution, runoff, water and energy balances, and streamflow variations from, and within, the basin above Lake Oroville. The new model's ability to predict streamflow is assessed. The Feather River Basin sits astride geologic, topographic, and climatic divides that establish a hydrologic character that is relatively unusual among the basins of the Sierra Nevada. It straddles a north-south geologic transition in the Sierra Nevada between the granitic bedrock that underlies and forms most of the central and southern Sierra Nevada and volcanic bedrock that underlies the northernmost parts of the range (and basin). Because volcanic bedrock generally is more permeable than granitic, the northern, volcanic parts of the basin contribute larger fractions of ground-water flow to streams than do the southern, granitic parts of the basin. The Sierra Nevada topographic divide forms a high altitude ridgeline running northwest to southeast through the middle of the basin. The topography east of this ridgeline is more like the rain-shadowed basins of the northeastern Sierra Nevada than the uplands of most western Sierra Nevada river basins. The climate is mediterranean, with most of the annual precipitation occurring in winter. Because the basin includes large areas that are near the average snowline, rainfall and rain-snow mixtures are common during winter storms. Consequently, the overall timing and rates of runoff from the basin are highly sensitive to winter temperature fluctuations. The models were developed to simulate runoff-generating processes in eight drainages of the Feather River Basin. Together, these models simulate streamflow from 98 percent of the basin above Lake Oroville. The models simulate daily water and heat balances, snowpack evolution and snowmelt, evaporation and transpiration, subsurface water storage and outflows, and streamflow to key streamflow gage sites. The drainages are modeled as 324 hydrologic-response units, each of which is assumed homogeneous in physical characteristics and response to precipitation and runoff. The models were calibrated with emphasis on reproducing monthly streamflow rates, and model simulations were compared to the total natural inflows into Lake Oroville as reconstructed by the California Department of Water Resources for April-July snowmelt seasons from 1971 to 1997. The models are most sensitive to input values and patterns of precipitation and soil characteristics. The input precipitation values were allowed to vary on a daily basis to reflect available observations by making daily transformations to an existing map of long-term mean monthly precipitation rates that account for altitude and rain-shadow effects. The models effectively simulate streamflow into Lake Oroville during water years (October through September) 1971-97, which is demonstrated in hydrographs and statistical results presented in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045202","usgsCitation":"Koczot, K.M., Jeton, A.E., McGurk, B., and Dettinger, M., 2005, Precipitation-runoff processes in the Feather River basin, northeastern California, and streamflow predictability, water years 1971-97: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5202, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045202.","productDescription":"92 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6857,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5202/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186650,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Northeastern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 39.04478604850143\n ],\n [\n -119.94873046875,\n 39.04478604850143\n ],\n [\n -119.94873046875,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 39.04478604850143\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b98d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koczot, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-5728-9798 kmkoczot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5728-9798","contributorId":2039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koczot","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmkoczot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jeton, Anne E.","contributorId":45351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeton","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGurk, Bruce","contributorId":74457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGurk","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":31743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70567,"text":"sir20055055 - 2005 - Organic wastewater compounds, pharmaceuticals, and coliphage in ground water receiving discharge from onsite wastewater treatment systems near La Pine, Oregon: Occurrence and implications for transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-03T21:21:45.599003","indexId":"sir20055055","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5055","title":"Organic wastewater compounds, pharmaceuticals, and coliphage in ground water receiving discharge from onsite wastewater treatment systems near La Pine, Oregon: Occurrence and implications for transport","docAbstract":"The occurrence of organic wastewater compounds (components of 'personal care products' and other common household chemicals), pharmaceuticals (human prescription and nonprescription medical drugs), and coliphage (viruses that infect coliform bacteria, and found in high concentrations in municipal wastewater) in onsite wastewater (septic tank effluent) and in a shallow, unconfined, sandy aquifer that serves as the primary source of drinking water for most residents near La Pine, Oregon, was documented. Samples from two types of observation networks provided basic occurrence data for onsite wastewater and downgradient ground water. One observation network was a group of 28 traditional and innovative (advanced treatment) onsite wastewater treatment systems and associated downgradient drainfield monitoring wells, referred to as the 'innovative systems network'. The drainfield monitoring wells were located adjacent to or under onsite wastewater treatment system drainfield lines. Another observation network, termed the 'transect network', consisted of 31 wells distributed among three transects of temporary, stainless-steel-screened, direct-push monitoring wells installed along three plumes of onsite wastewater. The transect network, by virtue of its design, also provided a basis for increased understanding of the transport of analytes in natural systems. Coliphage were frequently detected in onsite wastewater. Coliphage concentrations in onsite wastewater were highly variable, ranging from less than 1 to 3,000,000 plaque forming units per 100 milliliters. Coliphage were occasionally detected (eight occurrences) at low concentrations in samples from wells located downgradient from onsite wastewater treatment system drainfield lines. However, coliphage concentrations were below method detection limits in replicate or repeat samples collected from the eight sites. The consistent absence of coliphage detections in the replicate or repeat samples is interpreted to indicate that the detections reported for ground-water samples represented low-level field or laboratory contamination, and it would appear that coliphage were effectively attenuated to less than 1 PFU/100 mL over distances of several feet of transport in the La Pine aquifer and (or) overlying unsaturated zone. Organic wastewater compounds were frequently detected in onsite wastewater. Of the 63 organic wastewater compounds in the analytical schedule, 45 were detected in the 21 samples of onsite wastewater. Concentrations of organic wastewater compounds reached a maximum of 1,300 ug/L (p-cresol). Caffeine was detected at concentrations as high as 320 ug/L. Fourteen of the 45 compounds were detected in more than 90 percent of onsite wastewater samples. Fewer (nine) organic wastewater compounds were detected in ground water, despite the presence of nitrate and chloride likely from onsite wastewater sources. The nine organic wastewater compounds that were detected in ground-water samples were acetyl-hexamethyl-tetrahydro-naphthalene (AHTN), caffeine, cholesterol, hexahydrohexamethyl-cyclopentabenzopyran, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), tetrachloroethene, tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris (dichloroisopropyl) phosphate, and tributyl phosphate. Frequent detection of household-chemical type organic wastewater compounds in onsite wastewater provides evidence that some of these organic wastewater compounds may be useful indicators of human waste effluent dispersal in some hydrologic environments. The occurrence of organic wastewater compounds in ground water downgradient from onsite wastewater treatment systems demonstrates that a subgroup of organic wastewater compounds is transported in the La Pine aquifer. The consistently low concentrations (generally less than 1 ug/L) of organic wastewater compounds in water samples collected from wells located no more than 19 feet from drainfield lines indicates that the reactivity (sorption, degradation) of this suite of organic waste.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oregon Department of Environmental Quality and Deschutes County Environmental Health Division","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, S., Weick, R.J., Johnson, J.M., Cahill, J.D., Smith, S.G., and Rich, B.J., 2005, Organic wastewater compounds, pharmaceuticals, and coliphage in ground water receiving discharge from onsite wastewater treatment systems near La Pine, Oregon: Occurrence and implications for transport (Version 1.1, Revised Jul 2009): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5055, vi, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055055.","productDescription":"vi, 98 p.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393804,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86816.htm"},{"id":12807,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5055/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"La Pine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.6667,\n 43.5417\n ],\n [\n -121.3667,\n 43.5417\n ],\n [\n -121.3667,\n 43.9167\n ],\n [\n -121.6667,\n 43.9167\n ],\n [\n -121.6667,\n 43.5417\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1, Revised Jul 2009","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db691254","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkle, Stephen J.","contributorId":78821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Stephen J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weick, Rodney J.","contributorId":79560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weick","given":"Rodney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Jill M.","contributorId":55908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Jill","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cahill, Jeffery D.","contributorId":71630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahill","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Steven G. sgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"sgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rich, Barbara J.","contributorId":42295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rich","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70566,"text":"wdrNJ042 - 2005 - Water resources data, New Jersey, water year 2004--volume 2. ground-water data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:48","indexId":"wdrNJ042","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NJ-04-2","title":"Water resources data, New Jersey, water year 2004--volume 2. ground-water data","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 2004 water year for New Jersey are presented in three volumes, and consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams: stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground water. Volume 2 contains a summary of the hydrologic conditions for 2004 water year; a listing of current water resource projects in New Jersey; a bibliography of water-related reports, articles, and fact sheets completed by the Geological Survey in recent years; records of ground-water levels from 196 wells; and a table of discontinued observation wells for which ground-water-level data are available. The locations of the ground-water level sites are shown on figure 4. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Federal, Sate, and local agencies in New Jersey.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrNJ042","usgsCitation":"Jones, W.D., 2005, Water resources data, New Jersey, water year 2004--volume 2. ground-water data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NJ-04-2, 249 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNJ042.","productDescription":"249 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6853,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdr-nj-04-2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0f3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Walter D.","contributorId":106460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70574,"text":"sir20045256 - 2005 - Movement of the saltwater interface in the surficial aquifer system in response to hydrologic stresses and water-management practices, Broward County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T22:00:31.013424","indexId":"sir20045256","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5256","title":"Movement of the saltwater interface in the surficial aquifer system in response to hydrologic stresses and water-management practices, Broward County, Florida","docAbstract":"A study was conducted to evaluate the relation between water-level fluctuations and saltwater intrusion in Broward County, Florida. The objective was achieved through data collection at selected wells in Broward County and through the development of a variable-density ground-water flow model. The numerical model is representative of many locations in Broward County that contain a well field, control structure, canal, the Intracoastal Waterway, and the Atlantic Ocean. The model was used to simulate short-term movement (from tidal fluctuations to monthly changes) and long-term movement (greater than 10 years) of the saltwater interface resulting from changes in rainfall, well-field withdrawals, sea-level rise, and upstream canal stage. The SEAWAT code, which is a combined version of the computer codes, MODFLOW and MT3D, was used to simulate the complex variable-density flow patterns.\r\n\r\nModel results indicated that the canal, control structure, and sea level have major effects on ground-water flow. For periods greater than 10 years, the upstream canal stage controls the movement and location of the saltwater interface. If upstream canal stage is decreased by 1 foot (0.3048 meter), the saltwater interface takes 50 years to move inland and stabilize. If the upstream canal stage is then increased by 1 foot (0.3048 meter), the saltwater interface takes 90 years to move seaward and stabilize. If sea level rises about 48 centimeters over the next 100 year as predicted, then inland movement of the saltwater interface may cause well-field contamination.\r\n\r\nFor periods less than 10 years, simulation results indicated that a 3-year drought with increased well-field withdrawals probably will not have long-term effects on the position of the saltwater interface in the Biscayne aquifer. The saltwater interface returns to its original position in less than 10 years. Model results, however, indicated that the interface location in the lower part of the surficial aquifer system takes longer than 10 years to recover from a drought. Additionally, rainfall seems to have the greatest effect on saltwater interface movement in areas some distance from canals, but the upstream canal stage has the greatest effect on the movement of the saltwater interface near canals.\r\n\r\nField data indicated that saltwater interface movement includes short-term fluctuations caused by tidal fluctuations and long-term seasonal fluctuations. Statistical analyses of daily-averaged data indicated that the saltwater interface moves in response to pumpage, rainfall, and upstream canal stage. In areas near the canal, the saltwater interface is most affected by canal stage because water-management structures control the stage in the upstream part of the canal and allow movement of the saltwater interface. In areas away from the canal, the saltwater interface is most affected by pumpage and rainfall, depending on the location of well fields. Data analyses also revealed that rainfall changes the vertical flow direction in the Biscayne aquifer.\r\n\r\nResults from the study indicated that upstream canal stage substantially affects the long-term position of the saltwater interface in the surficial aquifer system. The saltwater interface moves faster inland than seaward because of changes in upstream canal stage. For short-term problems, such as drought, the threat of saltwater intrusion in the Biscayne aquifer does not appear to be severe if the well-field withdrawal is increased; however, this conclusion is based on the assumption that well-field withdrawals will decrease once the drought is over. Sea-level rise may be a potential threat to the water supply in Broward County as the saltwater interface moves inland toward well fields.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045256","usgsCitation":"Dausman, A.M., and Langevin, C.D., 2005, Movement of the saltwater interface in the surficial aquifer system in response to hydrologic stresses and water-management practices, Broward County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5256, viii, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045256.","productDescription":"viii, 73 p.","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420991,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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