{"pageNumber":"281","pageRowStart":"7000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10458,"records":[{"id":70025713,"text":"70025713 - 2003 - Fluid inclusion and noble gas studies of the Dongping gold deposit, Hebei Province, China: A mantle connection for mineralization?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70025713","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid inclusion and noble gas studies of the Dongping gold deposit, Hebei Province, China: A mantle connection for mineralization?","docAbstract":"The Dongping gold deposit (>100 t Au) occurs about 200 km inboard of the northern margin of the North China craton. The deposit is mainly hosted by syenite of a middle Paleozoic alkalic intrusive complex that was emplaced into Late Archean basement rocks. Both groups of rocks are intruded by Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous crustal-melt granite dikes and stocks, some within a few kilometers of the deposit. The gold ores were deposited during this latter magmatic period at about 150 Ma, a time that was characterized by widespread regional north-south compression that formed the east-west-trending Yanshan deformational belt. The ores include both the telluride mineral-bearing, low sulfide quartz veins and the highly K-feldspar-altered syenite, with most of the resource concentrated in two orebodies (1 and 70). Fluid inclusion microthermometry indicates heterogeneous trapping of low-salinity (e.g., 5-7 wt % NaCl equiv) fluids that varied from a few to 60 mole percent nonaqueous volatile species. Laser Raman spectroscopy confirms that the vapor phase in these inclusions is dominated by CO2, but may be comprised of as much as 9 mole percent H2S and 20 mole percent N2; methane concentrations in the vapor phase are consistently <1 mole percent. The variable phase ratios are consistent with fluid immiscibility during ore formation. Fluid inclusion trapping conditions are estimated to be 250?? to 375??C and 0.6 to 1.0 kbar. Helium isotope studies of fluid inclusions in ore-stage pyrites indicate He/He ratios of 2.1 to 5.2 Ra (Ra = 1.4 x 10-6 for air) for orebody 1 and 0.3 to 0.8 Ra for orebody 70. The former data suggest that at least 26 to 65 percent mantle helium occurs in the fluids that deposited the veins in orebody 1. The lower values for orebody 70, which is characterized by a more disseminated style of gold mineralization, are interpreted to reflect an increased interaction of ore fluids with surrounding crustal rocks, which may have contributed additional He to the fluids. A mantle source for at least some of the components of the gold-forming fluid is consistent with upwelling of hot asthenosphere and erosion of as much as 100 to 150 km of cool Archean lithosphere beneath the craton during this time. The Dongping deposit is located along the 100-km-wide north-south gravity lineament, which marks the western border of the thinned crust. As both regional metamorphism of Mesoproterozoic and younger cover rocks, and widespread granite magmatism, also occurred at ca. 150 Ma, it is unclear as to whether one or both of these also contributed fluid and/or metals to the hydrothermal system. Importantly, these new data suggest that economically significant gold deposits of similar mineral style and fluid composition, which are scattered along the margins of the craton, may all be products of a fluid originally partly sourced within the mantle.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Mao, J., Li, Y., Goldfarb, R., He, Y., and Zaw, K., 2003, Fluid inclusion and noble gas studies of the Dongping gold deposit, Hebei Province, China: A mantle connection for mineralization?: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 3, p. 517-534.","startPage":"517","endPage":"534","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1270e4b0c8380cd542d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mao, J.","contributorId":87513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mao","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Y.","contributorId":41394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldfarb, R.","contributorId":43113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"He, Y.","contributorId":23319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zaw, K.","contributorId":18941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaw","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025723,"text":"70025723 - 2003 - Inorganic nitrogen transformations in the bed of the Shingobee River, Minnesota: Integrating hydrologic and biological processes using sediment perfusion cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T09:50:37","indexId":"70025723","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inorganic nitrogen transformations in the bed of the Shingobee River, Minnesota: Integrating hydrologic and biological processes using sediment perfusion cores","docAbstract":"Inorganic N transformations were examined in streambed sediments from the Shingobee River using sediment perfusion cores. The experimental design simulated groundwater-stream water mixing within sediment cores, which provided a well-defined one-dimensional representation of in situ hydrologic conditions. Two distinct hydrologic and chemical settings were preserved in the sediment cores: the lowermost sediments, perfused with groundwater, remained anaerobic during the incubations, whereas the uppermost sediments, perfused with oxic water pumped from the overlying water column, simulated stream water penetration into the bed. The maintenance of oxic and anoxic zones formed a biologically active aerobic-anaerobic interface. Ammonium (NH4+) dissolved in groundwater was transported conservatively through the lower core zone but was removed as it mixed with aerated recycle water. Concurrently, a small quantity of nitrate (NO3-) equaling ???25% of the NH4+ loss was produced in the upper sediments. The NH4+ and NO3- profiles in the uppermost sediments resulted from coupled nitrification-denitrification, because assimilation and sorption were negligible. We hypothesize that anaerobic microsites within the aerated upper sediments supported denitrification. Rates of nitrification and denitrification in the perfusion cores ranged 42-209 and 53-160 mg N m-2 day-1, respectively. The use of modified perfusion cores permitted the identification and quantification of N transformations and verified process control by surface water exchange into the shallow hyporheic zone of the Shingobee River.","language":"English","publisher":"ALSO","doi":"10.4319/lo.2003.48.3.1129","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Sheibley, R., Duff, J., Jackman, A.P., and Triska, F., 2003, Inorganic nitrogen transformations in the bed of the Shingobee River, Minnesota: Integrating hydrologic and biological processes using sediment perfusion cores: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 48, no. 3, p. 1129-1140, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.3.1129.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1129","endPage":"1140","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Shingobee River","volume":"48","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c0ee4b0c8380cd62a36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheibley, R.W. 0000-0003-1627-8536 sheibley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-8536","contributorId":43066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheibley","given":"R.W.","email":"sheibley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duff, J.H.","contributorId":60377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackman, A. P.","contributorId":46957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Triska, F.J.","contributorId":69560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025724,"text":"70025724 - 2003 - Simplified method for detecting tritium contamination in plants and soil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:49:16.637512","indexId":"70025724","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simplified method for detecting tritium contamination in plants and soil","docAbstract":"<p><span>Cost-effective methods are needed to identify the presence and distribution of tritium near radioactive waste disposal and other contaminated sites. The objectives of this study were to (i) develop a simplified sample preparation method for determining tritium contamination in plants and (ii) determine if plant data could be used as an indicator of soil contamination. The method entailed collection and solar distillation of plant water from foliage, followed by filtration and adsorption of scintillation-interfering constituents on a graphite-based solid phase extraction (SPE) column. The method was evaluated using samples of creosote bush [</span><i>Larrea tridentata</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Sessé &amp; Moc. ex DC.) Coville], an evergreen shrub, near a radioactive disposal area in the Mojave Desert. Laboratory tests showed that a 2-g SPE column was necessary and sufficient for accurate determination of known tritium concentrations in plant water. Comparisons of tritium concentrations in plant water determined with the solar distillation–SPE method and the standard (and more laborious) toluene-extraction method showed no significant difference between methods. Tritium concentrations in plant water and in water vapor of root-zone soil also showed no significant difference between methods. Thus, the solar distillation–SPE method provides a simple and cost-effective way to identify plant and soil contamination. The method is of sufficient accuracy to facilitate collection of plume-scale data and optimize placement of more sophisticated (and costly) monitoring equipment at contaminated sites. Although work to date has focused on one desert plant, the approach may be transferable to other species and environments after site-specific experiments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","doi":"10.2134/jeq2003.9880","usgsCitation":"Andraski, B.J., Sandstrom, M.W., Michel, R.L., Radyk, J., Stonestrom, D.A., Johnson, M.J., and Mayers, C., 2003, Simplified method for detecting tritium contamination in plants and soil: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 32, no. 3, p. 988-995, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.9880.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"988","endPage":"995","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f73e4b08c986b318f2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":406320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Radyk, J.C.","contributorId":31176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radyk","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, M. J.","contributorId":52988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mayers, C.J.","contributorId":17410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayers","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70025728,"text":"70025728 - 2003 - Estimating population trends with a linear model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T18:01:15","indexId":"70025728","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating population trends with a linear model","docAbstract":"We describe a simple and robust method for estimating trends in population size. The method may be used with Breeding Bird Survey data, aerial surveys, point counts, or any other program of repeated surveys at permanent locations. Surveys need not be made at each location during each survey period. The method differs from most existing methods in being design based, rather than model based. The only assumptions are that the nominal sampling plan is followed and that sample size is large enough for use of the t-distribution. Simulations based on two bird data sets from natural populations showed that the point estimate produced by the linear model was essentially unbiased even when counts varied substantially and 25% of the complete data set was missing. The estimating-equation approach, often used to analyze Breeding Bird Survey data, performed similarly on one data set but had substantial bias on the second data set, in which counts were highly variable. The advantages of the linear model are its simplicity, flexibility, and that it is self-weighting. A user-friendly computer program to carry out the calculations is available from the senior author.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2003)105[0367:EPTWAL]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bart, J., Collins, B.D., and Morrison, R.I., 2003, Estimating population trends with a linear model: The Condor, v. 105, no. 2, p. 367-372, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2003)105[0367:EPTWAL]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"372","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478415,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2003)105[0367:eptwal]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b3ae4b0c8380cd52621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bart, Jonathan jon_bart@usgs.gov","contributorId":57025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"Jonathan","email":"jon_bart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":406337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, Brian D. bcollins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian","email":"bcollins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":406335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morrison, R. I. G.","contributorId":66640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrison","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"I. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025735,"text":"70025735 - 2003 - Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous event stratigraphy of Devils Gate and Northern Antelope Range sections, Nevada, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-03T14:41:41.015458","indexId":"70025735","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1145,"text":"CFS Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous event stratigraphy of Devils Gate and Northern Antelope Range sections, Nevada, U.S.A","docAbstract":"The classic type section of the Devils Gate Limestone at Devils Gate Pass is situated on the eastern slope of a proto-Antler forebulge that resulted from convergence of the west side of the North American continent with an ocean plate. The original Late Devonian forebulge, the site of which is now located between Devils Gate Pass and the Northern Antelope Range, separated the continental-rise to deep-slope Woodruff basin on the west from the backbulge Pilot basin on the east. Two connections between these basins are recorded by deeper water siltstone beds at Devils Gate; the older one is the lower tongue of the Woodruff Formation, which forms the basal unit of the upper member of the type Devils Gate, and the upper one is the overlying, thin lower member of the Pilot Shale. The forebulge and the backbulge Pilot basin originated during the middle Frasnian (early Late Devonian) Early hassi Zone, shortly following the Alamo Impact within the punctata Zone in southern Nevada. Evidence of this impact is recorded by coeval and reworked shocked quartz grains in the Northern Antelope Range and possibly by a unique bypass-channel or megatsunami-uprush sandy diamictite within carbonate-platform rocks of the lower member of the type Devils Gate Limestone. Besides the Alamo Impact and three regional events, two other important global events are recorded in the Devils Gate section. The semichatovae eustatic rise, the maximum Late Devonian flooding event, coincides with the sharp lithogenetic change at the discordant boundary above the lower member of the Devils Gate Limestone. Most significantly, the Devils Gate section contains the thickest and most complete rock record in North America across the late Frasnian linguiformis Zone mass extinction event. Excellent exposures include not only the extinction shale, but also a younger. Early triangularis Zone tsunamite breccia, produced by global collapse of carbonate platforms during a shallowing event that continued into the next younger Famennian Stage. The Northern Antelope Range section is located near the top of the west side of the proto-Antler forebulge. Because of its unusual, tectonically active location, unmatched at any other Nevada localities, this section records only four regional and global events during a timespan slightly longer than that of the Devils Gate section. The global semichatovae rise and late Frasnian mass extinction event are largely masked because of the depositional complexities resulting from this location.","language":"German","publisher":"Schweizerbart Science Publishing","issn":"03414116","usgsCitation":"Sandberg, C., Morrow, J.R., Poole, F.G., and Ziegler, W., 2003, Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous event stratigraphy of Devils Gate and Northern Antelope Range sections, Nevada, U.S.A: CFS Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, no. 242, p. 187-207.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"207","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":401684,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":70025743,"text":"70025743 - 2003 - Resurfacing history of the northern plains of Mars based on geologic mapping of Mars Global Surveyor data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T09:14:08","indexId":"70025743","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resurfacing history of the northern plains of Mars based on geologic mapping of Mars Global Surveyor data","docAbstract":"Geologic mapping of the northern plains of Mars, based on Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter topography and Viking and Mars Orbiter Camera images, reveals new insights into geologic processes and events in this region during the Hesperian and Amazonian Periods. We propose four successive stages of lowland resurfacing likely related to the activity of near-surface volatiles commencing at the highland-lowland boundary (HLB) and progressing to lower topographic levels as follows (highest elevations indicated): Stage 1, upper boundary plains, Early Hesperian, <-2.0 to -2.9 km; Stage 2, lower boundary plains and outflow channel dissection, Late Hesperian, <-2.7 to -4.0 km; Stage 3, Vastitas Borealis Formation (VBF) surface, Late Hesperian to Early Amazonian, <-3.1 to -4.1 km; and Stage 4, local chaos zones, Early Amazonian, <-3.8 to -5.0 km. At Acidalia Mensa, Stage 2 and 3 levels may be lower (<-4.4 and -4.8 km, respectively). Contractional ridges form the dominant structure in the plains and developed from near the end of the Early Hesperian to the Early Amazonian. Geomorphic evidence for a northern-plains-filling ocean during Stage 2 is absent because one did not form or its evidence was destroyed by Stage 3 resurfacing. Remnants of possible Amazonian dust mantles occur on top of the VBF. The north polar layered deposits appear to be made up of an up to kilometer-thick lower sequence of sandy layers Early to Middle Amazonian in age overlain by Late Amazonian ice-rich dust layers; both units appear to have outliers, suggesting that they once were more extensive.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2002JE001908","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, K.L., Skinner, J., Hare, T.M., Joyal, T., and Wenker, A., 2003, Resurfacing history of the northern plains of Mars based on geologic mapping of Mars Global Surveyor data: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 108, no. 4, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JE001908.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478403,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002je001908","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"108","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aabfce4b0c8380cd86abe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skinner, James A. 0000-0002-3644-7010 jskinner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3644-7010","contributorId":3187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"James A.","email":"jskinner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joyal, T.","contributorId":69757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyal","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wenker, A.","contributorId":13417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenker","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025754,"text":"70025754 - 2003 - Geomedia: Mapping Colorado at a fine scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70025754","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomedia: Mapping Colorado at a fine scale","docAbstract":"Currently, only 24 percent of Colorado's spectacular geology has been mapped at the fine scale of 1:24,000. At the same time, the state hosts many geologic hazards. Most maps of Colorado are at much broader scales, failing to show detail of basic geology crucial to safe engineering and building practices in a state that had the third-fastest-growing population during the 1990s. And the 2000 Census showed that the state, despite some economic woes, remains one of the fastest growing. Detailed geologic maps also aid the mineral industries that help fuel such growth. Since 1992, the Colorado Geological Survey (CGS) has mapped 1:24,000-scale quadrangles in high-impact areas under the STATEMAP component of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. In 2002, CGS completed its 43rd geologic quadrangle map. The long-range plan for the state is to complete 116 high-priority quadrangles in the next 15 years. The survey's approach is to select rapidly growing areas with relatively high potential for hazards and map contiguous quadrangles. In addition to mapping bedrock, CGS geologists have mapped the Quaternary deposits at the surface. Understanding these deposits is extremely important for implementing sound engineering practices because of potential for subsidence and landslides. The CGS mapping has not only yielded information about potential hazards, but also advanced scientific understanding of the state.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00168556","usgsCitation":"Orndorff, R., 2003, Geomedia: Mapping Colorado at a fine scale: Geotimes, v. 48, no. 4, p. 36-37.","startPage":"36","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2764e4b0c8380cd59845","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orndorff, R.","contributorId":86945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025764,"text":"70025764 - 2003 - Hydrothermal and tectonic activity in northern Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-11T06:33:37","indexId":"70025764","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal and tectonic activity in northern Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>Yellowstone National Park is the site of one of the world's largest calderas. The abundance of geothermal and tectonic activity in and around the caldera, including historic uplift and subsidence, makes it necessary to understand active geologic processes and their associated hazards. To that end, we here use an extensive grid of high-resolution seismic reflection profiles (∼450 km) to document hydrothermal and tectonic features and deposits in northern Yellowstone Lake.</p><p>Sublacustrine geothermal features in northern Yellowstone Lake include two of the largest known hydrothermal explosion craters, Mary Bay and Elliott's. Mary Bay explosion breccia is distributed uniformly around the crater, whereas Elliott's crater breccia has an asymmetric distribution and forms a distinctive, ∼2-km-long, hummocky lobe on the lake floor. Hydrothermal vents and low-relief domes are abundant on the lake floor; their greatest abundance is in and near explosion craters and along linear fissures. Domed areas on the lake floor that are relatively unbreached (by vents) are considered the most likely sites of future large hydrothermal explosions. Four submerged shoreline terraces along the margins of northern Yellowstone Lake add to the Holocene record of postglacial lake-level fluctuations attributed to “heavy breathing” of the Yellowstone magma reservoir and associated geothermal system.</p><p>The Lake Hotel fault cuts through northwestern Yellowstone Lake and represents part of a 25-km-long distributed extensional deformation zone. Three postglacial ruptures indicate a slip rate of ∼0.27 to 0.34 mm/yr. The largest (3.0 m slip) and most recent event occurred in the past ∼2100 yr. Although high heat flow in the crust limits the rupture area of this fault zone, future earthquakes of magnitude ∼5.3 to 6.5 are possible. Earthquakes and hydrothermal explosions have probably triggered landslides, common features around the lake margins.</p><p>Few high-resolution seismic reflection surveys have been conducted in lakes in active volcanic areas. Our data reveal active geothermal features with unprecedented resolution and provide important analogues for recognition of comparable features and potential hazards in other subaqueous geothermal environments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B25111.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Stephenson, W.J., Morgan, L.A., Shanks, W., and Pierce, K.L., 2003, Hydrothermal and tectonic activity in northern Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 115, no. 8, p. 954-971, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25111.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"954","endPage":"971","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208869,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25111.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.1212158203125,\n              44.06390660801779\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.7698974609375,\n              44.06390660801779\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.7698974609375,\n              45.042478050891546\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1212158203125,\n              45.042478050891546\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1212158203125,\n              44.06390660801779\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a379ae4b0c8380cd60fe5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, S. Y.","contributorId":48572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, W. J.","contributorId":87982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, L. A.","contributorId":16350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C.","contributorId":39419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pierce, K. L.","contributorId":12404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025770,"text":"70025770 - 2003 - Gyrfalcon diet in central west Greenland during the nesting period","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70025770","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gyrfalcon diet in central west Greenland during the nesting period","docAbstract":"We studied food habits of Gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus) nesting in central west Greenland in 2000 and 2001 using three sources of data: time-lapse video (3 nests), prey remains (22 nests), and regurgitated pellets (19 nests). These sources provided different information describing the diet during the nesting period. Gyrfalcons relied heavily on Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus) and arctic hares (Lepus arcticus). Combined, these species contributed 79-91% of the total diet, depending on the data used. Passerines were the third most important group. Prey less common in the diet included waterfowl, arctic fox pups (Alopex lagopus), shorebirds, gulls, alcids, and falcons. All Rock Ptarmigan were adults, and all but one arctic hare were young of the year. Most passerines were fledglings. We observed two diet shifts, first from a preponderance of ptarmigan to hares in mid-June, and second to passerines in late June. The video-monitored Gyrfalcons consumed 94-110 kg of food per nest during the nestling period, higher than previously estimated. Using a combination of video, prey remains, and pellets was important to accurately document Gyrfalcon diet, and we strongly recommend using time-lapse video in future diet studies to identify biases in prey remains and pellet data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Booms, T., and Fuller, M., 2003, Gyrfalcon diet in central west Greenland during the nesting period: Condor, v. 105, no. 3, p. 528-537.","startPage":"528","endPage":"537","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2e71e4b0c8380cd5c545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Booms, T.L.","contributorId":15387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booms","given":"T.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025772,"text":"70025772 - 2003 - An evaluation of selective feeding by three age-groups of the rainbow mussel Villosa iris","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70025772","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2885,"text":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of selective feeding by three age-groups of the rainbow mussel Villosa iris","docAbstract":"A tri-algal diet was fed to three age-groups of the rainbow mussel Villosa iris: ages 2-3 d, 50-53 d, and 3-6 years. Changes in the relative abundance of each algal species were determined in 5-h feeding trials from feeding chambers and by gut content analyses. All age-groups rejected Scenedesmus quadricauda and preferentially selected Nannochloropsis oculata and Selenastrum capricornutum, principally on the basis of size. Changes in the relative abundance of algae in feeding chambers did not differ significantly among age-groups. Observed differences in the ingested quantities of the similar-sized N. oculata and S. capricornutum were attributed to other particle-related characteristics. Results indicate that the rainbow mussel can be fed similar-sized algae at ali ages in captive propagation facilities. When developing a suitable algal diet for rearing juvenile mussels, one probably need not investigate different species at each stage of development if the algae used are in the 2.8-8.5-??m size range.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/C02-031","issn":"15222055","usgsCitation":"Beck, K., and Neves, R.J., 2003, An evaluation of selective feeding by three age-groups of the rainbow mussel Villosa iris: North American Journal of Aquaculture, v. 65, no. 3, p. 203-209, https://doi.org/10.1577/C02-031.","startPage":"203","endPage":"209","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208930,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/C02-031"},{"id":235043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea51e4b0c8380cd4879a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beck, K.","contributorId":107475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neves, R. J.","contributorId":30936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neves","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025780,"text":"70025780 - 2003 - Development of a multimetric index for assessing the biological condition of the Ohio River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70025780","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a multimetric index for assessing the biological condition of the Ohio River","docAbstract":"The use of fish communities to assess environmental quality is common for streams, but a standard methodology for large rivers is as yet largely undeveloped. We developed an index to assess the condition of fish assemblages along 1,580 km of the Ohio River. Representative samples of fish assemblages were collected from 709 Ohio River reaches, including 318 \"least-impacted\" sites, from 1991 to 2001 by means of standardized nighttime boat-electrofishing techniques. We evaluated 55 candidate metrics based on attributes of fish assemblage structure and function to derive a multimetric index of river health. We examined the spatial (by river kilometer) and temporal variability of these metrics and assessed their responsiveness to anthropogenic disturbances, namely, effluents, turbidity, and highly embedded substrates. The resulting Ohio River Fish Index (ORFIn) comprises 13 metrics selected because they responded predictably to measures of human disturbance or reflected desirable features of the Ohio River. We retained two metrics (the number of intolerant species and the number of sucker species [family Catostomidae]) from Karr's original index of biotic integrity. Six metrics were modified from indices developed for the upper Ohio River (the number of native species; number of great-river species; number of centrarchid species; the number of deformities, eroded fins and barbels, lesions, and tumors; percent individuals as simple lithophils; and percent individuals as tolerant species). We also incorporated three trophic metrics (the percent of individuals as detritivores, invertivores, and piscivores), one metric based on catch per unit effort, and one metric based on the percent of individuals as nonindigenous fish species. The ORFIn declined significantly where anthropogenic effects on substrate and water quality were prevalent and was significantly lower in the first 500 m below point source discharges than at least-impacted sites nearby. Although additional research on the temporal stability of the metrics and index will likely enhance the reliability of the ORFIn, its incorporation into Ohio River assessments still represents an improvement over current physicochemical protocols.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T01-076","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Emery, E., Simon, T., McCormick, F., Angermeier, P., Deshon, J., Yoder, C., Sanders, R., Pearson, W., Hickman, G., Reash, R., and Thomas, J., 2003, Development of a multimetric index for assessing the biological condition of the Ohio River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 132, no. 4, p. 791-808, https://doi.org/10.1577/T01-076.","startPage":"791","endPage":"808","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208684,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T01-076"},{"id":234602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a003ee4b0c8380cd4f671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emery, E.B.","contributorId":52764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emery","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simon, T.P.","contributorId":75465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, F.H.","contributorId":24968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Angermeier, P. L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":6410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Deshon, J.E.","contributorId":28782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deshon","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yoder, C.O.","contributorId":10964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoder","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sanders, R.E.","contributorId":59215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pearson, W.D.","contributorId":86942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hickman, G.D.","contributorId":52765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Reash, R.J.","contributorId":68077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reash","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Thomas, J.A.","contributorId":103242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70025781,"text":"70025781 - 2003 - A Visual Basic program to classify sediments based on gravel-sand-silt-clay ratios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-07T15:17:31","indexId":"70025781","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Visual Basic program to classify sediments based on gravel-sand-silt-clay ratios","docAbstract":"<p>Nomenclature describing size distributions is important to geologists because grain size is the most basic attribute of sediments. Traditionally, geologists have divided sediments into four size fractions that include gravel, sand, silt, and clay, and classified these sediments based on ratios of the various proportions of the fractions. Definitions of these fractions have long been standardized to the grade scale described by<span>&nbsp;</span>Wentworth (1922), and two main classification schemes have been adopted to describe the approximate relationship between the size fractions.</p><div><p>Specifically, according to the Wentworth grade scale gravel-sized particles have a nominal diameter of ⩾2.0&nbsp;mm; sand-sized particles have nominal diameters from &lt;2.0&nbsp;mm to ⩾62.5&nbsp;μm; silt-sized particles have nominal diameters from &lt;62.5 to ⩾4.0&nbsp;μm; and clay is &lt;4.0&nbsp;μm. As for sediment classification, most sedimentologists use one of the systems described either by<span>&nbsp;</span>Shepard (1954)<span>&nbsp;</span>or<span>&nbsp;</span>Folk (1954, 1974). The original scheme devised by<span>&nbsp;</span>Shepard (1954)<span>&nbsp;</span>utilized a single ternary diagram with sand, silt, and clay in the corners to graphically show the relative proportions among these three grades within a sample. This scheme, however, does not allow for sediments with significant amounts of gravel. Therefore, Shepard's classification scheme (Fig. 1) was subsequently modified by the addition of a second ternary diagram to account for the gravel fraction (Schlee, 1973). The system devised by<span>&nbsp;</span>Folk (1954, 1974)<span>&nbsp;</span>is also based on two triangular diagrams (Fig. 2), but it has 23 major categories, and uses the term mud (defined as silt plus clay). The patterns within the triangles of both systems differ, as does the emphasis placed on gravel. For example, in the system described by Shepard, gravelly sediments have more than 10% gravel; in Folk's system, slightly gravelly sediments have as little as 0.01% gravel. Folk's classification scheme stresses gravel because its concentration is a function of the highest current velocity at the time of deposition, together with the maximum grain size of the detritus that is available; Shepard's classification scheme emphasizes the ratios of sand, silt, and clay because they reflect sorting and reworking (Poppe et al., 2000).</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00048-7","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Eliason, A., and Hastings, M., 2003, A Visual Basic program to classify sediments based on gravel-sand-silt-clay ratios: Computers & Geosciences, v. 29, no. 6, p. 805-809, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00048-7.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"805","endPage":"809","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e314e4b0c8380cd45dec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eliason, A.H.","contributorId":40972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eliason","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hastings, M. E.","contributorId":72012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"M. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025782,"text":"70025782 - 2003 - Some observations on colocated and closely spaced strong ground-motion records of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-19T18:31:16.995784","indexId":"70025782","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some observations on colocated and closely spaced strong ground-motion records of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake","docAbstract":"The digital accelerograph network installed in Taiwan produced a rich set of records from the 20 September 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake (Mw 7.6). Teledyne Geotech model A-800 and A-900A* digital accelerographs were colocated at 22 stations that recorded this event. Comparisons of the amplitudes, frequency content, and baseline offsets show that records from several of the A-800 accelerographs are considerably different than those from the colocated A-900A accelerographs. On this basis, and in view of the more thorough predeployment testing of the newer A-900A instruments, we recommend that the records from the A-800 instruments be used with caution in analyses of the mainshock and aftershocks. At the Hualien seismic station two A-900A and one A-800 instruments were colocated, along with a Global Positioning System instrument. Although the records from the two A-900A instruments are much more similar than those from a colocated A-800 instrument, both three-component records contain unpredictable baseline offsets, which produced completely unrealistic ground displacements derived from the accelerations by double integration, as do many of the strong-motion data from this event; the details of the baseline offsets differ considerably on the two three-component records. There are probably numerous sources of the baseline offsets, including sources external to the instruments, such as tilting or rotation of the ground, and sources internal to the instruments, such as electrical or mechanical hysteresis in the sensors. For the two colocated A-900A records at the Hualien seismic station, however, the differences in the baseline offsets suggest that the principal source is some transient disturbance within the instrument. The baseline offsets generally manifest themselves in the acceleration time series as pulses or steps, either singly or in combination. We find a 0.015-Hz low-cut filter can almost completely eliminate the effects of the baseline offsets, but then information regarding the permanent displacements is lost. The causative mechanisms of the baseline offsets are unknown presently. Hence, it is very difficult to recover the permanent displacements from the modern digital records, although for records close to large earthquakes, the signal-to-noise ratio should theoretically be adequate to obtain ground motions with periods of hundreds of seconds. This study reinforces our conclusion from previous studies that the sources of baseline offsets occurring in digital strong-motion records are very complex and often unpredictable, and that, therefore, it is difficult to remove the baseline effects to maximize the information content of the record. The baseline offsets only affect very long period motions (e.g., >20 sec), however, and therefore are of little or no engineering concern.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020045","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Wang, G., Boore, D., Igel, H., and Zhou, X., 2003, Some observations on colocated and closely spaced strong ground-motion records of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 2, p. 674-693, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020045.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"674","endPage":"693","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b92c4e4b08c986b31a0db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, G.-Q.","contributorId":80046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"G.-Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Igel, H.","contributorId":66798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igel","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhou, X.-Y.","contributorId":83712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"X.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025785,"text":"70025785 - 2003 - Application of a multipurpose unequal probability stream survey in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70025785","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of a multipurpose unequal probability stream survey in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"A stratified, spatially balanced sample with unequal probability selection was used to design a multipurpose survey of headwater streams in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain. Objectives for the survey include unbiased estimates of regional stream conditions, and adequate coverage of unusual but significant environmental settings to support empirical modeling of the factors affecting those conditions. The design and field application of the survey are discussed in light of these multiple objectives. A probability (random) sample of 175 first-order nontidal streams was selected for synoptic sampling of water chemistry and benthic and riparian ecology during late winter and spring 2000. Twenty-five streams were selected within each of seven hydrogeologic subregions (strata) that were delineated on the basis of physiography and surficial geology. In each subregion, unequal inclusion probabilities were used to provide an approximately even distribution of streams along a gradient of forested to developed (agricultural or urban) land in the contributing watershed. Alternate streams were also selected. Alternates were included in groups of five in each subregion when field reconnaissance demonstrated that primary streams were inaccessible or otherwise unusable. Despite the rejection and replacement of a considerable number of primary streams during reconnaissance (up to 40 percent in one subregion), the desired land use distribution was maintained within each hydrogeologic subregion without sacrificing the probabilistic design.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Ator, S., Olsen, A., Pitchford, A., and Denver, J.M., 2003, Application of a multipurpose unequal probability stream survey in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 39, no. 4, p. 873-885.","startPage":"873","endPage":"885","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec8ee4b0c8380cd4933a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ator, S.W. 0000-0002-9186-4837","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":104100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, A.R.","contributorId":98089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitchford, A.M.","contributorId":75593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitchford","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denver, J. M.","contributorId":100356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025797,"text":"70025797 - 2003 - An empirical approach to inversion of an unconventional helicopter electromagnetic dataset","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70025797","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical approach to inversion of an unconventional helicopter electromagnetic dataset","docAbstract":"A helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) survey acquired at the U.S. Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) used a modification of a traditional mining airborne method flown at low levels for detailed characterization of shallow waste sites. The low sensor height, used to increase resolution, invalidates standard assumptions used in processing HEM data. Although the survey design strategy was sound, traditional interpretation techniques, routinely used in industry, proved ineffective. Processed data and apparent resistivity maps were severely distorted, and hence unusable, due to low flight height effects, high magnetic permeability of the basalt host, and the conductive, three-dimensional nature of the waste site targets.To accommodate these interpretation challenges, we modified a one-dimensional inversion routine to include a linear term in the objective function that allows for the magnetic and three-dimensional electromagnetic responses in the in-phase data. Although somewhat ad hoc, the use of this term in the inverse routine, referred to as the shift factor, was successful in defining the waste sites and reducing noise due to the low flight height and magnetic characteristics of the host rock. Many inversion scenarios were applied to the data and careful analysis was necessary to determine the parameters appropriate for interpretation, hence the approach was empirical. Data from three areas were processed with this scheme to highlight different interpretational aspects of the method. Wastes sites were delineated with the shift terms in two of the areas, allowing for separation of the anthropomorphic targets from the natural one-dimensional host. In the third area, the estimated resistivity and the shift factor were used for geological mapping. The high magnetic content of the native soil enabled the mapping of disturbed soil with the shift term. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0926-9851(03)00011-9","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, L., and Labson, V., 2003, An empirical approach to inversion of an unconventional helicopter electromagnetic dataset: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 53, no. 1, p. 49-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-9851(03)00011-9.","startPage":"49","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208831,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0926-9851(03)00011-9"},{"id":234864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea33e4b0c8380cd486d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, L.","contributorId":94073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Labson, V.F.","contributorId":20506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labson","given":"V.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025800,"text":"70025800 - 2003 - Impacts of the Columbia River hydroelectric system on main-stem habitats of fall chinook salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T16:44:52","indexId":"70025800","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of the Columbia River hydroelectric system on main-stem habitats of fall chinook salmon","docAbstract":"<p>Salmonid habitats in main-stem reaches of the Columbia and Snake rivers have changed dramatically during the past 60 years because of hydroelectric development and operation. Only about 13% and 58% of riverine habitats in the Columbia and Snake rivers, respectively, remain. Most riverine habitat is found in the upper Snake River; however, it is upstream of Hells Canyon Dam and not accessible to anadromous salmonids. We determined that approximately 661 and 805 km of the Columbia and Snake rivers, respectively, were once used by fall chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha for spawning. Fall chinook salmon currently use only about 85 km of the main-stem Columbia River and 163 km of the main-stem Snake River for spawning. We used a geomorphic model to identify three river reaches downstream of present migration barriers with high potential for restoration of riverine processes: the Columbia River upstream of John Day Dam, the Columbia-Snake-Yakima River confluence, and the lower Snake River upstream of Little Goose Dam. Our analysis substantiated the assertion that historic spawning areas for fall chinook salmon occurred primarily within wide alluvial floodplains, which were once common in the mainstem Columbia and Snake rivers. These areas possessed more unconsolidated sediment and more bars and islands and had lower water surface slopes than did less extensively used areas. Because flows in the main stem are now highly regulated, the predevelopment alluvial river ecosystem is not expected to be restored simply by operational modification of one or more dams. Establishing more normative flow regimes - specifically, sustained peak flows for scouring - is essential to restoring the functional characteristics of existing, altered habitats. Restoring production of fall chinook salmon to any of these reaches also requires that population genetics and viability of potential seed populations (i.e., from tributaries, tailrace spawning areas, and hatcheries) be considered.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M02-013","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Dauble, D., Hanrahan, T., Geist, D., and Parsley, M., 2003, Impacts of the Columbia River hydroelectric system on main-stem habitats of fall chinook salmon: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 23, no. 3, p. 641-659, https://doi.org/10.1577/M02-013.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"641","endPage":"659","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489779,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2506891","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208850,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M02-013"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38fae4b0c8380cd6176f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dauble, D.D.","contributorId":107888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dauble","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanrahan, T.P.","contributorId":47132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanrahan","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geist, D.R.","contributorId":45091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parsley, M.J.","contributorId":59542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025801,"text":"70025801 - 2003 - Bayesian Estimations of Peak Ground Acceleration and 5% Damped Spectral Acceleration from Modified Mercalli Intensity Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70025801","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bayesian Estimations of Peak Ground Acceleration and 5% Damped Spectral Acceleration from Modified Mercalli Intensity Data","docAbstract":"We describe a new probabilistic method that uses observations of modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) from past earthquakes to make quantitative estimates of ground shaking parameters (i.e., peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, 5% damped spectral acceleration values, etc.). The method uses a Bayesian approach to make quantitative estimates of the probabilities of different levels of ground motions from intensity data given an earthquake of known location and magnitude. The method utilizes probability distributions from an intensity/ground motion data set along with a ground motion attenuation relation to estimate the ground motion from intensity. The ground motions with the highest probabilities are the ones most likely experienced at the site of the MMI observation. We test the method using MMI/ground motion data from California and published ground motion attenuation relations to estimate the ground motions for several earthquakes: 1999 Hector Mine, California (M7.1); 1988 Saguenay, Quebec (M5.9); and 1982 Gaza, New Hampshire (M4.4). In an example where the method is applied to a historic earthquake, we estimate that the peak ground accelerations associated with the 1727 (M???5.2) earthquake at Newbury, Massachusetts, ranged from 0.23 g at Newbury to 0.06 g at Boston.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1596549","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Ebel, J., and Wald, D., 2003, Bayesian Estimations of Peak Ground Acceleration and 5% Damped Spectral Acceleration from Modified Mercalli Intensity Data: Earthquake Spectra, v. 19, no. 3, p. 511-529, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1596549.","startPage":"511","endPage":"529","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208870,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1596549"},{"id":234938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f029e4b0c8380cd4a609","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebel, J.E.","contributorId":54619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025805,"text":"70025805 - 2003 - Modeling Np and Pu transport with a surface complexation model and spatially variant sorption capacities: Implications for reactive transport modeling and performance assessments of nuclear waste disposal sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T09:14:44","indexId":"70025805","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling Np and Pu transport with a surface complexation model and spatially variant sorption capacities: Implications for reactive transport modeling and performance assessments of nuclear waste disposal sites","docAbstract":"<p>One-dimensional (1D) geochemical transport modeling is used to demonstrate the effects of speciation and sorption reactions on the ground-water transport of Np and Pu, two redox-sensitive elements. Earlier 1D simulations (Reardon, 1981) considered the kinetically limited dissolution of calcite and its effect on ion-exchange reactions (involving<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>90</sup>Sr, Ca, Na, Mg and K), and documented the spatial variation of a<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>90</sup>Sr partition coefficient under both transient and steady-state chemical conditions. In contrast, the simulations presented here assume local equilibrium for all reactions, and consider sorption on constant potential, rather than constant charge, surfaces. Reardon's (1981) seminal findings on the spatial and temporal variability of partitioning (of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>90</sup>Sr) are reexamined and found partially caused by his assumption of a kinetically limited reaction.</p><p>In the present work, sorption is assumed the predominant retardation process controlling Pu and Np transport, and is simulated using a diffuse-double-layer-surface-complexation (DDLSC) model. Transport simulations consider the infiltration of Np- and Pu-contaminated waters into an initially uncontaminated environment, followed by the cleanup of the resultant contamination with uncontaminated water. Simulations are conducted using different spatial distributions of sorption capacities (with the same total potential sorption capacity, but with different variances and spatial correlation structures). Results obtained differ markedly from those that would be obtained in transport simulations using constant<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>d</sub>, Langmuir or Freundlich sorption models. When possible, simulation results (breakthrough curves) are fitted to a constant<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>d</sub>advection–dispersion transport model and compared. Functional differences often are great enough that they prevent a meaningful fit of the simulation results with a constant<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>d</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(or even a Langmuir or Freundlich) model, even in the case of Np, a weakly sorbed radionuclide under the simulation conditions. Functional behaviors that cannot be fit include concentration trend reversals and radionuclide desorption spikes. Other simulation results are fit successfully but the fitted parameters (<i>K</i><sub>d</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and dispersivity) vary significantly depending on simulation conditions (e.g. “infiltration” vs. “cleanup” conditions). Notably, an increase in the variance of the specified sorption capacities results in a marked increase in the dispersion of the radionuclides.</p><p>The results presented have implications for the simulation of radionuclide migration in performance assessments of nuclear waste-disposal sites, for the future monitoring of those sites, and more generally for modeling contaminant transport in ground-water environments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00009-8","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P.D., 2003, Modeling Np and Pu transport with a surface complexation model and spatially variant sorption capacities: Implications for reactive transport modeling and performance assessments of nuclear waste disposal sites: Computers & Geosciences, v. 29, no. 3, p. 331-349, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00009-8.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"349","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208915,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00009-8"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bcae4b0c8380cd6f7e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glynn, P. D.","contributorId":7008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025806,"text":"70025806 - 2003 - Challenges to reestablishment of free-ranging populations of black-footed ferrets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T18:22:28.433873","indexId":"70025806","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1303,"text":"Comptes Rendus - Biologies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Challenges to reestablishment of free-ranging populations of black-footed ferrets","docAbstract":"<p><span>The&nbsp;black-footed ferret&nbsp;(</span><i>Mustela nigripes</i><span>) of North America is critically endangered due in part to its extreme specialization on formerly stable and abundant&nbsp;prairie dogs&nbsp;(</span><i>Cynomys</i><span>). Its close relative, the Siberian&nbsp;polecat&nbsp;(</span><i>M. eversmannii</i><span>) seems to have been subjected to a varying environment that was not conducive to specialization. One source of environmental variation in Asian&nbsp;steppes&nbsp;was plague (caused by&nbsp;</span><i>Yersina pestis</i><span>), which was absent from North America. Introduction of plague to North America presents serious challenges to ferret recovery. Partial solutions to other biological and political problems have been found, resulting in improved production in captivity, increased survival post-release, and thriving populations in plague-free South Dakota.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/s1631-0691(03)00046-5","issn":"16310691","usgsCitation":"Biggins, E., and Godbey, J.L., 2003, Challenges to reestablishment of free-ranging populations of black-footed ferrets: Comptes Rendus - Biologies, v. 326, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 104-111, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1631-0691(03)00046-5.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"111","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387438,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"326","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3fde4b0c8380cd4ba89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, E.","contributorId":88303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godbey, Jerry L.","contributorId":58988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godbey","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025811,"text":"70025811 - 2003 - The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 87, 2003 July","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-22T13:20:23.264534","indexId":"70025811","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2715,"text":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 87, 2003 July","docAbstract":"<p><span>Meteoritical Bulletin No. 87 lists information for 1898 newly classified meteorites, comprising 1048 from Antarctica, 462 from Africa, 356 from Asia (355 of which are from Oman), 18 from North America, 5 from South America, 5 from Europe, and 3 from Australia. Information is provided for 10 falls (Beni M'hira, Elbert, Gasseltepaoua, Hiroshima, Kilabo, Neuschwanstein, Park Forest, Pê, Pétèlkolé, and Thuathe). Two of these—Kilabo and Thuathe—fell on the same day. Orbital characteristics could be calculated for Neuschwanstein. Noteworthy specimens include 8 Martian meteorites (5 from Sahara, 2 from Oman and 1 from Antarctica), 13 lunar meteorites (all except one from Oman), 3 irons, 3 pallasites, and many carbonaceous chondrites and achondrites.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1945-5100.2003.tb00328.x","issn":"10869379","usgsCitation":"Russell, S.S., Zipfel, J., Folco, L., Jones, R., Grady, M.M., McCoy, T., and Grossman, J.N., 2003, The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 87, 2003 July: Meteoritics and Planetary Science, v. 38, no. S7, p. A189-A248, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2003.tb00328.x.","productDescription":"60 p.","startPage":"A189","endPage":"A248","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2003.tb00328.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"S7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba7e7e4b08c986b32189a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, Sara S.","contributorId":24969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":39858,"text":"Natural History Museum London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zipfel, J.","contributorId":72107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipfel","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Folco, L.","contributorId":62807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folco","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, R.","contributorId":63585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grady, Monica M.","contributorId":101059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grady","given":"Monica","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24586,"text":"The Natural History Museum, London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCoy, T.","contributorId":56776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Grossman, Jeffrey N. 0000-0001-9099-9628","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9099-9628","contributorId":37317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70025824,"text":"70025824 - 2003 - Regional flood probabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:52:58","indexId":"70025824","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional flood probabilities","docAbstract":"<p><span>The&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>‐year annual maximum flood at a site is defined to be that streamflow, that has probability 1/</span><i>T</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>of being exceeded in any given year, and for a group of sites the corresponding regional flood probability (RFP) is the probability that at least one site will experience a<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>T</i><span>‐year flood in any given year. The RFP depends on the number of sites of interest and on the spatial correlation of flows among the sites. We present a Monte Carlo method for obtaining the RFP and demonstrate that spatial correlation estimates used in this method may be obtained with rank transformed data and therefore that knowledge of the at‐site peak flow distribution is not necessary. We examine the extent to which the estimates depend on specification of a parametric form for the spatial correlation function, which is known to be nonstationary for peak flows. It is shown in a simulation study that use of a stationary correlation function to compute RFPs yields satisfactory estimates for certain nonstationary processes. Application of asymptotic extreme value theory is examined, and a methodology for separating channel network and rainfall effects on RFPs is suggested. A case study is presented using peak flow data from the state of Washington. For 193 sites in the Puget Sound region it is estimated that a 100‐year flood will occur on the average every 4.5 years.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR001140","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B.M., and Karlinger, M.R., 2003, Regional flood probabilities: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 4, p. 4-1-4-15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR001140.","productDescription":"Article 1095; 15 p.","startPage":"4-1","endPage":"4-15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478535,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001wr001140","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a4cfe4b0e8fec6cdbc82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":195329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, Michael R.","contributorId":10777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025830,"text":"70025830 - 2003 - Determining extreme parameter correlation in ground water models.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70025830","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining extreme parameter correlation in ground water models.","docAbstract":"In ground water flow system models with hydraulic-head observations but without significant imposed or observed flows, extreme parameter correlation generally exists. As a result, hydraulic conductivity and recharge parameters cannot be uniquely estimated. In complicated problems, such correlation can go undetected even by experienced modelers. Extreme parameter correlation can be detected using parameter correlation coefficients, but their utility depends on the presence of sufficient, but not excessive, numerical imprecision of the sensitivities, such as round-off error. This work investigates the information that can be obtained from parameter correlation coefficients in the presence of different levels of numerical imprecision, and compares it to the information provided by an alternative method called the singular value decomposition (SVD). Results suggest that (1) calculated correlation coefficients with absolute values that round to 1.00 were good indicators of extreme parameter correlation, but smaller values were not necessarily good indicators of lack of correlation and resulting unique parameter estimates; (2) the SVD may be more difficult to interpret than parameter correlation coefficients, but it required sensitivities that were one to two significant digits less accurate than those that required using parameter correlation coefficients; and (3) both the SVD and parameter correlation coefficients identified extremely correlated parameters better when the parameters were more equally sensitive. When the statistical measures fail, parameter correlation can be identified only by the tedious process of executing regression using different sets of starting values, or, in some circumstances, through graphs of the objective function.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., and Osterby, O., 2003, Determining extreme parameter correlation in ground water models.: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 4, p. 420-430.","startPage":"420","endPage":"430","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffeee4b0c8380cd4f4a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterby, O.","contributorId":68515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterby","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025860,"text":"70025860 - 2003 - Bedded jaspers of the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway: seafloor deposition and diagenetic maturation of hydrothermal plume-derived silica-iron gels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T11:18:40","indexId":"70025860","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bedded jaspers of the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway: seafloor deposition and diagenetic maturation of hydrothermal plume-derived silica-iron gels","docAbstract":"<p class=\"a-plus-plus\">Sedimentary beds of jasper (red hematitic chert) in the Ordovician L&oslash;kken ophiolite of Norway are closely associated with volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits. The jaspers occur in the immediate hangingwall and laterally peripheral to the large L&oslash;kken (25&ndash;30&nbsp;Mt) and small H&oslash;ydal (0.1&nbsp;Mt) VMS deposits, and are exposed discontinuously for several kilometres along strike. Massive or laminated types predominate; jasper-sulphide debris-flow deposits are also abundant near VMS deposits. The jaspers contain hematite-rich laminae showing soft-sediment deformation structures and microtextural evidence that record the presence of a colloidal precursor and an origin as gels. Early textures include: (1) straight or curved chains of hematitic filaments 3&ndash;10&nbsp;&micro;m in diameter and 20&ndash;100&nbsp;&micro;m long; (2) branching networks of 15&ndash;25&nbsp;&micro;m-thick, tubular structures surrounded by cryptocrystalline hematite and filled with quartz and euhedral hematite; (3) small (up to 10&nbsp;&micro;m) spherules composed of cryptocrystalline hematite and silica; and (4) up to 50&nbsp;&micro;m silica spherules with hematitic cores. The small filaments seem to have been deposited in varying proportions in the primary laminae, possibly together with hematitic and siliceous microspheroids. Diagenetic changes are represented by polygonal syneresis cracks, and the presence of cryptocrystalline (originally opaline) silica, chalcedony, quartz, carbonate and cryptocrystalline hematite and/or goethite forming botryoidal masses and spheroids &lt;10&nbsp;&micro;m to 5&nbsp;mm in diameter. Coarser euhedral grains of quartz, carbonate, and hematite are integral parts of these textures. Bleached, silica-rich jaspers preserve only small relics of fine-grained hematite-rich domains, and locally contain sparse pockets composed of coarse euhedral hematite&plusmn;epidote.</p>\n<p class=\"a-plus-plus\">The jaspers are interpreted to record colloidal fallout from one or more hydrothermal plumes, followed by maturation (ageing) of an Si-Fe-oxyhydroxide gel, on and beneath the Ordovician sea floor. Small hematitic filaments in the jaspers reflect bacteria-catalysed oxidation of Fe<span class=\"a-plus-plus\">2+</span>&nbsp;within the plume. The larger tubular filaments resulted from either microbial activity or inorganic self-organized mineral growth of Fe-oxyhydroxide within the Si-Fe-oxyhydroxide gel after deposition on the sea floor, prior to more advanced maturation of the gel as represented by the spheroidal and botryoidal silica-hematite textures. Bleaching and hematite&plusmn;epidote growth are interpreted to reflect heat and fluids generated during deposition of basaltic sheet flows on top of the gels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00126-003-0346-3","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Grenne, T., and Slack, J.F., 2003, Bedded jaspers of the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway: seafloor deposition and diagenetic maturation of hydrothermal plume-derived silica-iron gels: Mineralium Deposita, v. 38, no. 5, p. 625-639, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-003-0346-3.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"625","endPage":"639","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208708,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-003-0346-3"}],"volume":"38","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f03ee4b0c8380cd4a68b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grenne, Tor","contributorId":7460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grenne","given":"Tor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35509,"text":"Geological Survey of Norway","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025871,"text":"70025871 - 2003 - Avian use of natural versus planted woodlands in eastern South Dakota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-21T16:22:53.872965","indexId":"70025871","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian use of natural versus planted woodlands in eastern South Dakota, USA","docAbstract":"We compared avian use of naturally occurring and planted woodlands in eastern South Dakota, USA, to evaluate whether planted woodlands support the same avian communities as natural woodlands. A stratified cluster sample was used to randomly select 307 public areas in which to survey planted (n = 425) and natural (n = 99) woodland patches. Eighty-five species of birds were detected in eastern South Dakota woodlands, 36 of which occurred in ??? 5 of 524 patches surveyed. The probability of occurrence for 8 of 13 woodland-obligate species was significantly greater in natural woodland habitats than in planted woodland habitats. Four of these species breed in relatively high numbers in eastern South Dakota. Only one woodland-obligate occurred less frequently in natural woodlands. Probability of occurrence for 6 edge and generalist species, including the brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater [Boddaert]), was significantly higher in planted woodlands. The avian community of planted woodlands was dominated by edge and generalist species. The homogeneous vegetation structure typical of planted woodlands does not appear to provide the habitat characteristics needed by woodland-obligate birds. We conclude that planted woodlands do not support significant numbers of woodland-obligate species and may negatively impact grassland-nesting birds by attracting edge and generalist bird species and predators into previously treeless habitats. Planted woodlands cannot be considered equal replacement habitats for natural woodland patches when managing for nongame woodland bird species. However, the preservation and maintenance of natural woodlands is critical for woodland-obligate species diversity in the northern Great Plains.","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","issn":"08858608","usgsCitation":"Bakker, K.K., and Higgins, K., 2003, Avian use of natural versus planted woodlands in eastern South Dakota, USA: Natural Areas Journal, v. 23, no. 2, p. 121-128.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"128","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404239,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43912219"},{"id":234830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n         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]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef74e4b0c8380cd4a257","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakker, Kristel K.","contributorId":16201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakker","given":"Kristel","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, Kenneth F.","contributorId":272584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higgins","given":"Kenneth F.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025881,"text":"70025881 - 2003 - Excess nitrogen in selected thermal and mineral springs of the Cascade Range in northern California, Oregon, and Washington: Sedimentary or volcanic in origin?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T09:30:27","indexId":"70025881","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Excess nitrogen in selected thermal and mineral springs of the Cascade Range in northern California, Oregon, and Washington: Sedimentary or volcanic in origin?","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id15\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id16\"><p>Anomalous N<sub>2</sub>/Ar values occur in many thermal springs and mineral springs, some volcanic fumaroles, and at least one acid-sulfate spring of the Cascade Range. Our data show that N<sub>2</sub>/Ar values are as high as 300 in gas from some of the hot springs, as high as 1650 in gas from some of the mineral springs, and as high as 2400 in gas from the acid-sulfate spring on Mt. Shasta. In contrast, gas discharging from hot springs that contain nitrogen and argon solely of atmospheric origin typically exhibits N<sub>2</sub>/Ar values of 40–80, depending on the spring temperature. If the excess nitrogen in the thermal and mineral springs is of sedimentary origin then the geothermal potential of the area must be small, but if the nitrogen is of volcanic origin then the geothermal potential must be very large. End-member excess nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N) is +5.3‰ for the thermal waters of the Oregon Cascades but is only about +1‰ for fumaroles on Mt. Hood and the acid-sulfate spring on Mt. Shasta. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations are highest for thermal springs associated with aquifers between 120 and 140°C. Chloride is the major anion in most of the nitrogen-rich springs of the Cascade Range, and N<sub>2</sub>/Ar values generally increase as chloride concentrations increase. Chloride and excess nitrogen in the thermal waters of the Oregon Cascades probably originate in an early Tertiary marine formation that has been buried by the late Tertiary and Quaternary lava flows of the High Cascades. The widespread distribution of excess nitrogen that has been generated in low to moderate-temperature sedimentary environments is further proof of the restricted geothermal potential of the Cascade Range.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00414-6","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Mariner, R.H., Evans, W.C., Presser, T.S., and White, L.D., 2003, Excess nitrogen in selected thermal and mineral springs of the Cascade Range in northern California, Oregon, and Washington: Sedimentary or volcanic in origin?: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 121, no. 1-2, p. 99-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00414-6.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"114","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208917,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00414-6"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range","volume":"121","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0da6e4b0c8380cd53114","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mariner, Robert H.","contributorId":81075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Presser, T. S.","contributorId":93875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, L. D.","contributorId":14330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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