{"pageNumber":"281","pageRowStart":"7000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10999,"records":[{"id":5223773,"text":"5223773 - 1998 - Higher temporal variability of forest breeding bird communities in fragmented landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-04T20:52:45.770654","indexId":"5223773","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-23T12:18:40","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Higher temporal variability of forest breeding bird communities in fragmented landscapes","docAbstract":"Understanding the relationship between animal community dynamics and landscape structure has become a priority for biodiversity conservation. In particular, predicting the effects of habitat destruction that confine species to networks of small patches is an important prerequisite to conservation plan development. Theoretical models that predict the occurrence of species in fragmented landscapes, and relationships between stability and diversity do exist. However, reliable empirical investigations of the dynamics of biodiversity have been prevented by differences in species detection probabilities among landscapes. Using long-term data sampled at a large spatial scale in conjunction with a capture-recapture approach, we developed estimates of parameters of community changes over a 22-year period for forest breeding birds in selected areas of the eastern United States. We show that forest fragmentation was associated not only with a reduced number of forest bird species, but also with increased temporal variability in the number of species. This higher temporal variability was associated with higher local extinction and turnover rates. These results have major conservation implications. Moreover, the approach used provides a practical tool for the study of the dynamics of biodiversity.","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.95.13.7497","usgsCitation":"Boulinier, T., Nichols, J.D., Hines, J.E., Sauer, J.R., Flather, C.H., and Pollock, K.H., 1998, Higher temporal variability of forest breeding bird communities in fragmented landscapes: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 95, no. 13, p. 7497-7501, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.13.7497.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"7497","endPage":"7501","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479709,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":200344,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68878e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boulinier, T.","contributorId":37845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulinier","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sauer, John R. 0000-0002-4557-3019 jrsauer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":146917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flather, Curtis H.","contributorId":177590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flather","given":"Curtis","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pollock, Kenneth H.","contributorId":8590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":23598,"text":"ofr9878 - 1998 - Rainfall and water-level data for a wetland area near Millington, Shelby County, Tennessee, October 1996 through September 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:00","indexId":"ofr9878","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-78","title":"Rainfall and water-level data for a wetland area near Millington, Shelby County, Tennessee, October 1996 through September 1997","docAbstract":"Rainfall amounts and water levels at a degraded wetland area near Millington, Shelby County, Tennessee, were collected to assist the Tennessee Department of Transportation with a program designed to restore the wetland to a more natural condition. The site is located along a channelized reach of Big Creek Drainage Canal, east of State Route 240, and near the southeastern boundary of the Naval Support Activity Memphis, Millington. Rainfall amounts were recorded at 5-minute intervals using a tipping-bucket rain gage from October 1, 1996 through September 30, 1997. Total rainfall for this period was 70.16 inches. In general, water levels at the wetland were above or near the ground surface during the 6-month period from the first of January through June 1997. For the remainder of the year, water levels generally subsided to several feet below land surface. However, some locations within the wetland were wet or highly saturated year round.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9878","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Knight, R., 1998, Rainfall and water-level data for a wetland area near Millington, Shelby County, Tennessee, October 1996 through September 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-78, iii, 26 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9878.","productDescription":"iii, 26 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1647,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr98-078","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0078/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52884,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0078/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649864","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knight, R.R.","contributorId":59063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23620,"text":"ofr97655 - 1998 - Transport of sediment-bound organochlorine pesticides to the San Joaquin River, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:00","indexId":"ofr97655","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-655","title":"Transport of sediment-bound organochlorine pesticides to the San Joaquin River, California","docAbstract":"Most of the application of the organophosphate insecticide diazinon in the San Joaquin River Basin occurs in winter to control wood boring insects in dormant almond orchards. A federal-state collaborative study found that diazinon accounted for most of the observed toxicity of San Joaquin River water to water fleas in February 1993. Previous studies focused mainly on west-side inputs to the San Joaquin River. In this 1994 study, the three major east-side tributaries to the San Joaquin River, the Merced, Tuolumne, and Stanislaus Rivers, and a downstream site on the San Joaquin River were sampled throughout the hydrographs of a late January and an early February storm. In both storms, the Tuolumne River had the highest concentrations of diazinon and transported the largest load of the three tributaries. The Stanislaus River was a small source in both storms. On the basis of previous storm sampling and estimated traveltimes, ephemeral west-side creeks probably were the main diazinon source early in the storms, whereas the Tuolumne and Merced Rivers and east-side drainages directly to the San Joaquin River were the main sources later. Although 74 percent of diazinon transport in the San Joaquin River during 1991-1993 occurred in January and February, transport during each of the two 1994 storms was only 0.05 percent of the amount applied during preceding dry periods. Nevertheless, some of the diazinon concentrations in the San Joaquin River during the January storm exceeded 0.35 micrograms per liter, a concentration shown to be acutely toxic to water fleas. Diazinon concentrations were highly variable during the storms and frequent sampling was required to adequately describe the concentration curves and to estimate loads.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr97655","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Kratzer, C.R., 1998, Transport of sediment-bound organochlorine pesticides to the San Joaquin River, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-655, vii, 30 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97655.","productDescription":"vii, 30 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0655/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52897,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0655/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eedbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kratzer, Charles R.","contributorId":30619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":190427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3483,"text":"cir1137 - 1998 - Hydrology of Central Florida Lakes - A Primer","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":24469,"text":"ofr96412 - 1996 - Hydrology of central Florida lakes, a primer","indexId":"ofr96412","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of central Florida lakes, a primer"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3483,"text":"cir1137 - 1998 - Hydrology of Central Florida Lakes - A Primer","indexId":"cir1137","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of Central Florida Lakes - A Primer"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"cir1137","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1137","title":"Hydrology of Central Florida Lakes - A Primer","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nLakes are among the most valued natural resources of central Florida. The landscape of central Florida is riddled with lakeswhen viewed from the air, it almost seems there is more water than land. Florida has more naturally formed lakes than other southeastern States, where many lakes are created by building dams across streams. The abundance of lakes on the Florida peninsula is a result of the geology and geologic history of the State. An estimated 7,800 lakes in Florida are greater than 1 acre in surface area. Of these, 35 percent are located in just four counties (fig. 1): Lake, Orange, Osceola, and Polk (Hughes, 1974b). Lakes add to the aesthetic and commercial value of the area and are used by many residents and visitors for fishing, boating, swimming, and other types of outdoor recreation. Lakes also are used for other purposes such as irrigation, flood control, water supply, and navigation. Residents and visitors commonly ask questions such as Whyare there so many lakes here?, Why is my lake drying up (or flooding)?, or Is my lake spring-fed? These questions indicate that the basic hydrology of lakes and the interaction of lakes with ground water and surface water are not well understood by the general population.\r\n\r\nBecause of the importance of lakes to residents of central Florida and the many questions and misconceptions about lakes, this primer was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the St. Johns River Water Management District and the South Florida Water Management District. The USGS has been collecting hydrologic data in central Florida since the 1920s, obtaining valuable information that has been used to better understand the hydrology of the water resources of central Florida, including lakes. In addition to data collection, as of 1994, the USGS had published 66 reports and maps on central Florida lakes (Garcia and Hoy, 1995).\r\n\r\nThe main purpose of this primer is to describe the hydrology of lakes in central Florida, the interactions between lakes and ground- and surface-waters, and to describe how these interactions affect lake water levels. Included are descriptions of the basic geology and geomorphology of central Florida, origins of central Florida lakes, factors that affect lake water levels, lake water quality, and common methods of improving water quality. The geographic area discussed in this primer is approximate (fig. 1) and includes west and east-central Florida, extending from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean coastlines, northward into Marion, Putnam, and Flagler Counties, and southward to Lake Okeechobee. The information presented here was obtained from the many publications available on lakes in central Florida, as well as from publications on Florida geology, hydrology, and primers on ground water, surface water, and water quality. Many publications are available that provide more detailed information on lake water quality, and this primer is not intended as an extensive treatise on that subject. The reader is referred to the reference section of this primer for sources of more detailed information on lake water quality. Lakes discussed in this report are identified in figure 2. Technical terms used in the report are shown in bold italics and are defined in the glossary.\r\n\r\nThe classification of some water bodies as lakes is highly subjective. What one individual considers a lake another might consider a pond. Generally, any water- filled depression or group of depressions in the land surface could be considered a lake. Lakes differ from swamps or wetlands in the type and amount of vegetation, water depth, and some water-quality characteristics. Lakes typically have emergent vegetation along the shoreline with a large expanse of open water in the center. Swamps or wetlands, on the other hand, are characterized by a water surface interrupted by the emergence of many varieties of plant life, from saw grasses to cypress trees.\r\n\r\nLakes may be na","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/cir1137","isbn":"0607885610","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the St. Johns River Water Management District and South Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Schiffer, D.M., 1998, Hydrology of Central Florida Lakes - A Primer: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1137, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1137.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":84,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fl.water.usgs.gov/Abstracts/c1137_schiffer.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":139443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6049b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schiffer, Donna M. schiffer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiffer","given":"Donna","email":"schiffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":147010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":35345,"text":"b2150B - 1998 - Bedrock geology of the Paducah 1° x 2° CUSMAP quadrangle, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-16T19:28:31.095012","indexId":"b2150B","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2150","chapter":"B","title":"Bedrock geology of the Paducah 1° x 2° CUSMAP quadrangle, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Missouri","docAbstract":"<p>The Paducah 1° x 2° quadrangle (hereafter referred to as the Paducah quadrangle) encompasses the eastern flank of the Ozark dome, the southern end of the Illinois Basin, and the northern end of the Mississippi Embayment. Resting on Proterozoic basement, sedimentary rocks of Cambrian through Permian age in the Illinois Basin and Ozark dome are overlapped by weakly lithified Cretaceous, Paleocene, Eocene, and Pliocene strata in the embayment. This is one of the most intensely faulted areas of the North American Midcontinent. A Proterozoic crustal terrane boundary (coincident with part of the Ste. Genevieve fault zone) and a failed intracratonic rift (Reelfoot rift and Rough Creek graben) have been reactivated repeatedly under various stress fields from Proterozoic through late Tertiary times.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Paducah CUSMAP quadrangle: Resource and topical investigations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2150B","usgsCitation":"Nelson, W.J., 1998, Bedrock geology of the Paducah 1° x 2° CUSMAP quadrangle, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2150, Report: iv, 36 p.; 1 Plate: 43.00 × 31.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b2150B.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 36 p.; 1 Plate: 43.00 × 31.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109058,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19757.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"19757"},{"id":3405,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2150b/b2150b.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":63200,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2150b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":165979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Paducah 1° x 2° CUSMAP quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -88,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -88,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -90,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -90,\n              37\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634075","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, W. John","contributorId":25217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":6519,"text":"pp1418 - 1998 - Hydrogeologic framework of the Michigan Basin regional aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T14:39:25","indexId":"pp1418","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1418","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Michigan Basin regional aquifer system","docAbstract":"<p>Mississippian and younger geologic units form a regional system of aquifers and confining units in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan. The area of the regional aquifer system is about 22,000 square miles. The aquifer system consists of three bedrock aquifers, which are separated by confining units. Bedrock aquifers and confining units are overlain by surficial glaciofluvial aquifers, which are complexly intercalated with confining beds composed of glacial till and fine-grained lacustrine deposits.</p><p>Geophysical and geologic logs were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework of this regional aquifer system and to delineate and map boundaries of aquifers and confining units. Geophysical logs and water-quality data were used to delineate the base of freshwater within the aquifer system and to determine geologic controls on the distribution of freshwater in the aquifer-system units.</p><p>Pleistocene glaciofluvial deposits are the largest reservoir of fresh ground water in the mapped region, and the thickness of this aquifer unit exceeds 900 feet in some areas. The Saginaw aquifer, the composite of sandstones of Pennsylvanian age, typically ranges in thickness from 100 to 350 feet in areas where this unit is used for water supply. In the western part of the aquifer system, the Saginaw aquifer is separated from glacial deposits by 100 to 150 feet of Jurassic \"red beds.\" \"Red beds\" are a confining unit, and the Saginaw aquifer contains saline water where it is overlain by these deposits. The Saginaw confining unit, which is principally shale, separates the Saginaw aquifer from the underlying Parma-Bayport aquifer. Thickness of the Saginaw confining unit is about 50 feet in the eastern and the southern parts of the aquifer system, about 100 feet in the north, and 100 to 250 feet in the west. The Parma-Bayport aquifer, which consists mostly of permeable sandstones and carbonates, is 100 to 150 feet thick in most areas. The ParmaBayport aquifer contains freshwater only in subcrop areas where it is in direct hydraulic connection with glacial deposits. Dissolved-solids concentration of ground water increases down regional dip in the ParmaBayport aquifer, and saline water or brine is present in this aquifer where it is overlain by the Saginaw confining unit.</p><p>The Michigan confining unit, which is about 300 to 400 feet thick in most of the area mapped, is primarily interbedded shale, carbonate, and evaporite. This confining unit overlies the Marshall aquifer, which consists of one or more stratigraphically continuous sandstones of Mississippian age. Composite thickness of blanket sandstones that form the Marshall aquifer is typically 75 to 200 feet. Freshwater is present in the Marshall aquifer only in areas where it is a subcrop beneath glacial deposits. Dissolved-solids concentration of ground water in the Marshall aquifer increases down regional dip, and saline water or brine is present in this unit where it underlies beds of the Michigan confining unit. The Mississippian Coldwater Shale forms the base of the regional aquifer system.</p><p>Relief on the base of freshwater is about 600 feet. Altitudes of the base of freshwater are low (200 to 400 feet) along a 30- to 45-mile-wide north-south-trending corridor near the center of the aquifer system. The trend of this corridor corresponds to an area where thickness of the Saginaw aquifer ranges from 100 to 370 feet. In isolated areas in the northern and the western parts of the aquifer system, the altitude of the base of freshwater is below 400 feet; however, the altitude is above 400 feet in most of the mapped area. In the southern and the northern parts of the aquifer system, where the Saginaw aquifer is thin or absent, altitudes of the base of freshwater range from 700 to 800 feet and from 500 to 700 feet, respectively.</p><p>Geologic controls on the distribution of freshwater in the regional aquifer system are (1) direct hydraulic connection between sandstone aquifers and freshwater-bearing, permeable glacial deposits; (2) impedance of upward discharge of saline water from sandstones by lodgment tills with very low permeability; (3) impedance of recharge of freshwater to bedrock (or discharge of saline water from bedrock) by very low permeability Jurassic \"red beds\"; and (4) the presence of units characterized by very low vertical-hydraulic-conductivity, which are within and between sandstone units.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/pp1418","usgsCitation":"Westjohn, D.B., and Weaver, T.L., 1998, Hydrogeologic framework of the Michigan Basin regional aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1418, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1418.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1418/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33995,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1418/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Michigan Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89,\n              46.3333\n            ],\n            [\n              -89,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -81,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -81,\n              46.3333\n            ],\n            [\n              -89,\n              46.3333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627a00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westjohn, David B.","contributorId":84401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westjohn","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, T. L.","contributorId":24339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020458,"text":"70020458 - 1998 - Faulting parameters of the January 16, 1994 Wyomissing Hills, Pennsylvania earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T15:32:44.767032","indexId":"70020458","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Faulting parameters of the January 16, 1994 Wyomissing Hills, Pennsylvania earthquakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two events dominated the January 1994, Wyomissing, PA earthquake sequence, an&nbsp;</span><i>M<sub>w</sub></i><span>&nbsp;4.0 foreshock, followed by an&nbsp;</span><i>M<sub>w</sub></i><span>&nbsp;4.6 mainshock. We modeled regional waveforms to estimate the event depth and the moment tensors for the two largest events in the sequence, and examine teleseismic waveforms recorded on the ARCESS short-period seismic array to estimate the depth and source time function of the mainshock. Our data constrain the depth of the events to be shallower than 5 km, and prefer a depth of 3–5 km. For an assumed depth of 3 km, the mainshock moment tensor is 75% double couple, with (the major double couple) planes striking at 135°N, 347°N, dips of 49°, 46°, and rakes of 68°, 114°. The estimated moment is 8.9 × 10</span><sup>22</sup><span>&nbsp;dyne-cm. The&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;axis strikes 241°N and plunges 2°, the Tension axis strikes 336°N and plunges 73°. The foreshock inversion results are virtually identical to the mainshock results; for a source depth of three km, we find a major double couple with a strike, dip, and rake of 121°N, 60°, and 66°, respectively. The seismic moment for the foreshock is 1.2 × 10</span><sup>22</sup><span>&nbsp;dyne-cm, which is approximately 13% of the mainshock moment release. These events did not excite high-frequency&nbsp;</span><i>Lg</i><span>&nbsp;waves as effectively as typical eastern North American events, and the mainshock had a stress drop in the range of 25–50 bars.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.69.3.261","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Ammon, C., Herrmann, R., Langston, C., and Benz, H., 1998, Faulting parameters of the January 16, 1994 Wyomissing Hills, Pennsylvania earthquakes: Seismological Research Letters, v. 69, no. 3, p. 261-269, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.69.3.261.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"269","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230984,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Wyomissing Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.03346163015975,\n              40.57060094938112\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.03346163015975,\n              40.153114619966175\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.25597275862621,\n              40.153114619966175\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.25597275862621,\n              40.57060094938112\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.03346163015975,\n              40.57060094938112\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f22e4b0c8380cd537b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ammon, C.J.","contributorId":28389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ammon","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrmann, Robert B.","contributorId":80255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrmann","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langston, C.A.","contributorId":84882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langston","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benz, H.","contributorId":61953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70228804,"text":"70228804 - 1998 - Paleoclimate simulations for North America over the past 21,000 years: Features of the simulated climate and comparisons with paleoenvironmental data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T14:44:01.256068","indexId":"70228804","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T08:30:46","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoclimate simulations for North America over the past 21,000 years: Features of the simulated climate and comparisons with paleoenvironmental data","docAbstract":"<p>Maps of upper-level and surface winds and of surface temperature and precipitation illustrate the results of a sequence of global paleoclimatic simulations spanning the past 21,000&nbsp;yr for North America. We review (a) the large-scale features of circulation, temperature, and precipitation that appear in the simulations from the NCAR Community Climate Model Version 1 (CCM 1), (b) the implications of the simulated climate for the past continental-scale distributions of three plant taxa (<i>Picea</i><span>&nbsp;</span>spp.,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Artemisia tridentata</i>), which are broadly representative of the vegetation across the continent, and (c) the potential explanations in terms of atmospheric circulation or surface energy- and water-balance processes for mismatches between the simulations and observations. Most of the broad-scale features of previous paleoclimatic simulations with the NCAR CCM 0 for North America are present in the current simulations. Many of the elements of a conceptual model (based on previous climate simulations) that describes the controls of paleoclimatic variations across North America during the past 21,000&nbsp;yr are found in simulations reviewed here. These include (1) displacement of the jet stream by the Laurentide Ice Sheet to the south of its present position in both winter and summer, (2) generation of a ‘glacial anticyclone’ over the ice sheet at the LGM, and the consequent induction of large-scale sinking motions induced over eastern North America, (3) changes in the strength of surface atmospheric circulation features through time, including weakening of the Aleutian low in winter, and strengthening of the eastern Pacific and Bermuda high-pressure systems in summer as the ice sheet decreased in size, (4) development of a ‘heat low’ at the surface and a strengthened ridge in the upper-atmosphere over the continent at the time of the maximum summer insolation anomaly, (5) increases in summer temperature earlier in regions remote from the ice sheet (these increases appear earlier in the present (CCM 1) simulations than in the previous (CCM 0) ones, however), and (6) continuation of negative winter temperature anomalies into the middle Holocene. In general, simulated surface conditions that are discordant with paleoenvironmental observations can be attributed to the simulation of particular atmospheric circulation patterns (e.g. those that suppress precipitation or advect warm air into a region), with these mismatches amplified in Beringia and the southeastern United States by surface energy- and water-balance processes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00012-2","usgsCitation":"Bartlein, P., Anderson, K.H., Anderson, P.M., Edwards, M.E., Mock, C.J., Thompson, R.S., Webb, R.S., Webb, T., and Whitlock, C., 1998, Paleoclimate simulations for North America over the past 21,000 years: Features of the simulated climate and comparisons with paleoenvironmental data: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 17, no. 6-7, p. 549-585, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00012-2.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"549","endPage":"585","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.1015625,\n              6.315298538330033\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9375,\n              11.867350911459308\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.796875,\n              19.973348786110602\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.3984375,\n              31.653381399664\n            ],\n            [\n              -50.2734375,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -40.078125,\n              62.431074232920906\n            ],\n            [\n         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J.","contributorId":54566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlein","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, K. H.","contributorId":81527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, P. M.","contributorId":71722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, M. E.","contributorId":29977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mock, C. J.","contributorId":279846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mock","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thompson, Robert S. 0000-0001-9287-2954 rthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-2954","contributorId":891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Robert","email":"rthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Webb, R. S.","contributorId":279847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Webb, T. III","contributorId":38297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"T.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Whitlock, C.","contributorId":105836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlock","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":6031,"text":"pp1588 - 1998 - The brachiopod Antiquatonia coloradoensis (Girty) from the upper Morrowan and Atokan (lower Middle Pennsylvanian) of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T12:20:53","indexId":"pp1588","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1588","title":"The brachiopod Antiquatonia coloradoensis (Girty) from the upper Morrowan and Atokan (lower Middle Pennsylvanian) of the United States","docAbstract":"The productid brachiopod Antiquatonia coloradoensis occurs commonly in lower Middle Pennsylvanian rocks representing open-bay, shelf-lagoon, and shelf-margin marine facies and extending from the Eastern Great Basin, through the Southern Rocky Mountains, southern and central Midcontinent, to the southern and eastern Appalachian Basin. This study demonstrates that Antiquatonia coloradoenesis is biostratigraphically diagnostic with a temporal range of late Morrowan through Atokan. Its ancestor was A. morrowensis (Mather) and its descendant was A. hermosana (Girty).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/pp1588","usgsCitation":"Henry, T.W., 1998, The brachiopod Antiquatonia coloradoensis (Girty) from the upper Morrowan and Atokan (lower Middle Pennsylvanian) of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1588, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1588.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1588.jpg"},{"id":787,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1588/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":333341,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1588/p1588.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669637","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henry, Thomas W.","contributorId":54196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021101,"text":"70021101 - 1998 - More than one way to stretch: A tectonic model for extension along the plume track of the Yellowstone hotspot and adjacent Basin and Range Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-05T21:53:36.858048","indexId":"70021101","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"More than one way to stretch: A tectonic model for extension along the plume track of the Yellowstone hotspot and adjacent Basin and Range Province","docAbstract":"<p><span>The eastern Snake River Plain of southern Idaho poses a paradoxical problem because it is nearly aseismic and unfaulted although it appears to be actively extending in a SW-NE direction continuously with the adjacent block-faulted Basin and Range Province. The plain represents the 100-km-wide track of the Yellowstone hotspot during the last ∼16–17 m.y., and its crust has been heavily intruded by mafic magma, some of which has erupted to the surface as extensive basalt flows. Outside the plain's distinct topographic boundaries is a transition zone 30–100 km wide that has variable expression of normal faulting and magmatic activity as compared with the surrounding Basin and Range Province. Many models for the evolution of the Snake River Plain have as an integral component the suggestion that the crust of the plain became strong enough through basaltic intrusion to resist extensional deformation. However, both the boundaries of the plain and its transition zone lack any evidence of zones of strike slip or other accommodation that would allow the plain to remain intact while the Basin and Range Province extended around it; instead, the plain is coupled to its surroundings and extending with them. We estimate strain rates for the northern Basin and Range Province from various lines of evidence and show that these strains would far exceed the elastic limit of any rocks coupled to the Basin and Range; thus, if the plain is extending along with its surroundings, as the geologic evidence indicates, it must be doing so by a nearly aseismic process. Evidence of the process is provided by volcanic rift zones, indicators of subsurface dikes, which trend across the plain perpendicular to its axis. We suggest that variable magmatic strain accommodation, by emplacement and inflation of dikes perpendicular to the least principal stress in the elastic crust, allows the crust of the plain to extend nearly aseismically. Dike injection releases accumulated elastic strain but generates only the small earthquakes associated with dike propagation. The rate of dike emplacement required to accommodate the estimated longitudinal strain rate of the plain is roughly a composite width of 10 m every 1000 years for the geologically youngest and most active part of the plain. The locus of most rapid intrusion and strain has migrated toward Yellowstone and is now in the northeastern 100–150 km of the plain. Reduced magmatic input in the transition zone of the plain causes the transitional expression of seismicity and faulting there.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98TC00463","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., Thompson, G.A., and Smith, R., 1998, More than one way to stretch: A tectonic model for extension along the plume track of the Yellowstone hotspot and adjacent Basin and Range Province: Tectonics, v. 17, no. 2, p. 221-234, https://doi.org/10.1029/98TC00463.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"234","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495379,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98tc00463","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230013,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.82733557102696,\n              46.42333982221035\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.82733557102696,\n              31.555661908928727\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.91437710811869,\n              31.555661908928727\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.91437710811869,\n              46.42333982221035\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.82733557102696,\n              46.42333982221035\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e2de4b0c8380cd7084d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Tom 0000-0002-0582-4338","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":75009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Tom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, George A.","contributorId":94288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, R.P.","contributorId":105283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":22293,"text":"ofr98632 - 1998 - Water use and quality of fresh surface-water resources in the Barataria-Terrebonne Basins, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-13T20:53:28.720624","indexId":"ofr98632","displayToPublicDate":"1998-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-632","title":"Water use and quality of fresh surface-water resources in the Barataria-Terrebonne Basins, Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p>Approximately 170 Mgal/d (million gallons per day) of ground- and surface-water was withdrawn from the Barataria-Terrebonne Basins in 1995. Of this amount, surface water accounted for 64 percent ( 110 MgaVd) of the total withdrawal rates in the basins. The largest surface-water withdrawal rates were from Bayou Lafourche ( 40 Mgal/d), Bayou Boeuf ( 14 MgaVd), and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (4.2 Mgal/d). The largest ground-water withdrawal rates were from the Mississippi River alluvial aquifer (29 Mgal/d), the Gonzales-New Orleans aquifer (9.5 Mgal/d), and the Norco aquifer (3.6 MgaVd).</p>\n\n<br>\n\n<p>The amounts of water withdrawn in the basins in 1995 differed by category of use. Public water suppliers within the basins withdrew 41 Mgal/d of water. The five largest public water suppliers in the basins withdrew 30 Mgal/d of surface water: Terrebonne Waterworks District 1 withdrew the largest amount, almost 15 MgaVd. Industrial facilities withdrew 88 Mgal/d, fossil-fuel plants withdrew 4.7 MgaVd, and commercial facilities withdrew 0.67 MgaVd. Aggregate water-withdrawal rates, compiled by parish for aquaculture (37 Mgal/d), livestock (0.56 Mgal/d), rural domestic (0.44 MgaVd), and irrigation uses (0.54 MgaVd), totaled about 38 MgaVd in the basins. Ninety-five percent of aquaculture withdrawal rates, primarily for crawfish and alligator farming, were from surface-water sources.</p>\n\n>br>\n\n<p>Total water-withdrawal rates increased 221 percent from 1960–95. Surface-water withdrawal rates have increased by 310 percent, and ground-water withdrawal rates have increased by 133 percent. The projection for the total water-withdrawal rates in 2020 is 220 MgaVd, an increase of 30 percent from 1995. Surface-water withdrawal rates would account for 59 percent of the total, or 130 Mgal/d. Surface-water withdrawal rates are projected to increase by 20 percent from 1995 to 2020.</p>\n\n<br>\n\n<p>Analysis of water-quality data from the Mississippi River indicates that the main threats to surface water resources are from the herbicide atrazine and excessive nutrients. Atrazine concentrations in the Mississippi River at Baton Rouge briefly exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 3.0 micrograms per liter during periods in the late spring and early summer. Trace metals in bottom material collected from Bayou Lafourche indicate that the reach of Bayou Lafourche from Donaldsonville to Golden Meadow is adversely affected by low-level contamination. Dissolved nitrate had a mean concentration of 1.4 milligrams per liter in the Mississippi River near Bayou Lafourche and can contribute to excessive plant growth.</p>\n\n<br>\n\n<p>Long-term salinity records near Bayou Lafourche indicate no pronounced trends, with the exception of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway at Houma. At this site, salinities remained low until 1961, when the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway was connected to the Gulf of Mexico by the Houma Navigation Canal. The sources of saltwater are variable. Some saltwater has entered Bayou Lafourche south of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway; at other times saltwater has moved up the Houma Navigation Canal and has flowed east in the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, north into Company Canal, and southeast in Bayou Lafourche towards Larose, Louisiana.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98632","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuary Program","usgsCitation":"Johnson-Thibaut, P.M., Demcheck, D.K., Swarzenski, C.M., and Ensminger, P.A., 1998, Water use and quality of fresh surface-water resources in the Barataria-Terrebonne Basins, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-632, Report: iv, 47 p.; 1 Map: 24.00 x 18.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98632.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 47 p.; 1 Map: 24.00 x 18.00 inches","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430164,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16372.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283814,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr98-632/pdf/of1998-632_plate1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":283812,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr98-632/","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":283813,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr98-632/pdf/of1998-632.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":283816,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria-Terrebonne Basins","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.81954122716522,\n              30.762616503019416\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.81954122716522,\n              29.036394388511\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.743022989434,\n              29.036394388511\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.743022989434,\n              30.762616503019416\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.81954122716522,\n              30.762616503019416\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f004f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson-Thibaut, Penny M.","contributorId":10830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson-Thibaut","given":"Penny","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demcheck, Dennis K. 0000-0003-2981-078X ddemchec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-078X","contributorId":3273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demcheck","given":"Dennis","email":"ddemchec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":187939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, Christopher M. 0000-0001-9843-1471 cswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-1471","contributorId":656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Christopher","email":"cswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ensminger, Paul A. 0000-0002-0536-0369 paensmin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0536-0369","contributorId":4754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ensminger","given":"Paul","email":"paensmin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70210058,"text":"70210058 - 1998 - Geographic trend in mercury measured in common loon feathers and blood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T18:43:56.981064","indexId":"70210058","displayToPublicDate":"1998-02-28T13:31:13","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic trend in mercury measured in common loon feathers and blood","docAbstract":"<p><span>The common loon (</span><i>Gavia immer</i><span>) is a high‐trophic‐level, long‐lived, obligate piscivore at risk from elevated levels of Hg through biomagnification and bioaccumulation. From 1991 to 1996 feather (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 455) and blood (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 381) samples from adult loons were collected between June and September in five regions of North America: Alaska, northwestern United States, Upper Great Lakes, New England, and the Canadian Maritimes. Concentrations of Hg in adults ranged from 2.8 to 36.7 μg/g (fresh weight) in feathers and from 0.12 to 7.80 μg/g (wet weight) in whole blood. Blood Hg concentrations in 3 to 6‐week‐old juveniles ranged from 0.03 to 0.78 μg/g (wet weight) (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 183). To better interpret exposure data, relationships between blood and feather Hg concentrations were examined among age and sex classes. Blood and feather Hg concentrations from the same individuals were significantly correlated and varied geographically (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;ranged from 0.03 to 0.48). Blood and feather Hg correlated strongest in areas with the highest blood Hg levels, indicating a possible carryover of breeding season Hg that is depurated during winter remigial molt. Mean blood and feather Hg concentrations in males were significantly higher than concentrations in females for each region. The mean blood Hg concentration in adults was 10 times higher than that in juveniles, and feather Hg concentrations significantly increased over 1 to 4‐year periods in recaptured individuals. Geographic stratification indicates a significant increasing regional trend in adult and juvenile blood Hg concentrations from west to east. This gradient resembles U.S. Environmental Protection Agency‐modeled predictions of total anthropogenic Hg deposition across the United States. This gradient is clearest across regions. Within‐region blood Hg concentrations in adults and juveniles across nine sites of one region, the Upper Great Lakes, were less influenced by variations in geographic Hg deposition than by hydrology and lake chemistry. Loons breeding on low‐pH lakes in the Upper Great Lakes and in all lake types of northeastern North America are most at risk from Hg.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620170206","usgsCitation":"Kaplan, J.D., Meyer, M.W., Reaman, P.S., Braselton, W.E., Major, A., Burgess, N., and Scheuhammer, A.M., 1998, Geographic trend in mercury measured in common loon feathers and blood: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 17, no. 2, p. 173-183, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620170206.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"183","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":374704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Washington, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  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WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":788945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reaman, Peter S.","contributorId":224649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reaman","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Braselton, W. Emmett","contributorId":176143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braselton","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Emmett","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Major, A.","contributorId":9846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burgess, Neil","contributorId":224650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgess","given":"Neil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Scheuhammer, Anton M.","contributorId":15477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheuhammer","given":"Anton","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70220367,"text":"70220367 - 1998 - Remote sensing in the USGS Mineral Resource Surveys Program in the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T20:05:24.422036","indexId":"70220367","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T16:05:02","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8585,"text":"Information Handout","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Remote sensing in the USGS Mineral Resource Surveys Program in the eastern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mineral deposits commonly occur within special geologic units or structures, such as fault zones, which can be detected and mapped from aircraft and satellite images. Modern techniques analyze multispectral images that record the way solar energy is reflected or emitted by the materials exposed at the Earth's surface. In sparsely vegetated regions, including most of the Western United States, mineral composition is determined directly by analyzing the spectral properties of rock outcrops. In more densely vegetated terrain, such as the Eastern United States, rock and soil composition can be determined directly in manmade exposures, such as plowed fields and construction sites, or much more general determinations can be made indirectly by analyzing the distribution and apparent health of naturally occurring plants. The association of certain plants with particular rock or soil types has been known for decades. For example, coniferous trees grow preferentially on well-drained sandy soil, whereas deciduous trees dominate on shaly bedrock. These two forest types reflect solar radiation quite differently and, therefore, are distinguished readily in conventional aerial photographs. More subtle plant-bedrock associations require digital multispectral image analysis to infer compositional information from the spectral characteristics of the forest canopy.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70220367","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., 1998, Remote sensing in the USGS Mineral Resource Surveys Program in the eastern United States: Information Handout, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70220367.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385512,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/info/rowan/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, Lawrence C.","contributorId":58629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047752,"text":"70047752 - 1998 - Hydrology and snowmelt simulation of Snyderville Basin, Park City, and adjacent areas, Summit County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-05T17:07:47","indexId":"70047752","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T15:32:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"115","title":"Hydrology and snowmelt simulation of Snyderville Basin, Park City, and adjacent areas, Summit County, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Increasing residential and commercial development is placing increased demands on the ground- and surface-water resources of Snyderville Basin, Park City, and adjacent areas in the southwestern corner of Summit County, Utah. Data collected during 1993-95 were used to assess the quantity and quality of the water resources in the study area.</p><p>Ground water within the study area is present in consolidated rocks and unconsolidated valley fill. The complex geology makes it difficult to determine the degree of hydraulic connection between different blocks of consolidated rocks. Increased ground-water withdrawal during 1983- 95 generally has not affected ground-water levels. Ground-water withdrawal in some areas, however, caused seasonal fluctuations and a decline in ground-water levels from 1994 to 1995, despite greater-than-normal recharge in the spring of 1995.</p><p><br></p><p>Ground water generally has a dissolved-solids concentration that ranges from 200 to 600 mg/L. Higher sulfate concentrations in water from wells and springs near Park City and in McLeod Creek and East Canyon Creek than in other parts of the study area are the result of mixing with water that discharges from the Spiro Tunnel. The presence of chloride in water from wells and springs near Park City and in streams and wells near Interstate Highway 80 is probably caused by the dissolution of applied road salt. Chlorofluorocarbon analyses indicate that even though water levels rise within a few weeks of snowmelt, the water took 15 to 40 years to move from areas of recharge to areas of discharge.</p><p><br></p><p>Water budgets for the entire study area and for six subbasins were developed to better understand the hydrologic system. Ground-water recharge from precipitation made up about 80 percent of the ground-water recharge in the study area. Ground-water discharge to streams made up about 40 percent of the surface water in the study area and ground-water discharge to springs and mine tunnels made up about 25 percent. Increasing use of ground water has the potential to decrease discharge to streams and affect both the amount and quality of surface water in the study area. A comparison of the 1995 to 1994 water budgets emphasizes that the hydrologic system in the study area is very dependent upon the amount of annual precipitation. Although precipitation on the study area was much greater in 1995 than in 1994, most of the additional water resulted in additional streamflow and spring discharge that flows out of the study area. Ground-water levels and groundwater discharge are dependent upon annual precipitation and can vary substantially from year to year.</p><p><br></p><p>Snowmelt runoff was simulated to assist in estimating ground-water recharge to consolidated rock and unconsolidated valley fill. A topographically distributed snowmelt model controlled by independent inputs of net radiation, meteorological parameters, and snowcover properties was used to calculate the energy and mass balance of the snowcover.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights; Park City; Summit County; and the Weber Basin Water Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Brooks, L.E., Mason, J.L., and Susong, D.D., 1998, Hydrology and snowmelt simulation of Snyderville Basin, Park City, and adjacent areas, Summit County, Utah: Technical Publication 115, vi, 84 p.","productDescription":"vi, 84 p.","numberOfPages":"93","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279943,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047752/report.pdf"},{"id":279942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047752/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":332236,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=50-1-165"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Summit County","city":"Park City","otherGeospatial":"East Canyon Creek;Mcleod Creek;Snyderville Basin;Spiro Tunnel","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.646973,40.599669 ], [ -111.646973,40.819739 ], [ -111.432945,40.819739 ], [ -111.432945,40.599669 ], [ -111.646973,40.599669 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"529dba1ce4b0516126f68cf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mason, James L.","contributorId":14397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70074650,"text":"70074650 - 1998 - Metallogenesis and tectonics of major granitoid-hosted gold metallogenic belts in the Russian Far East and Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-30T15:57:00","indexId":"70074650","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T15:32:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Metallogenesis and tectonics of major granitoid-hosted gold metallogenic belts in the Russian Far East and Alaska","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Anatomy and textures of ore-bearing granitoids of Sikhote Alin (Primorye Region, Russia) and related mineralization: extended abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"IUGS/UNESCO International Field Conference","conferenceDate":"1998-08-31T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Vladivostok, Russia","language":"English","publisher":"GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam","publisherLocation":"Potsdam, Germany","usgsCitation":"Nokleberg, W.J., Goryachev, N., Shpikerman, V.I., Bundtzen, T., Khanchuk, A.I., Ratkin, V.V., and Parfenov, L.M., 1998, Metallogenesis and tectonics of major granitoid-hosted gold metallogenic belts in the Russian Far East and Alaska, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281780,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia;United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 106.8,41.2 ], [ 106.8,81.9 ], [ -129.99,81.9 ], [ -129.99,41.2 ], [ 106.8,41.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd66b9e4b0b29085100f42","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Seltmann, R.","contributorId":48721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seltmann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509783,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonevchuk, G.A.","contributorId":111645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonevchuk","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509784,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Khanchuk, Alexander I.","contributorId":19585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khanchuk","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509782,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goryachev, Nikolai A.","contributorId":7318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goryachev","given":"Nikolai A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shpikerman, Vladimir I.","contributorId":35766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shpikerman","given":"Vladimir","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bundtzen, Thomas K.","contributorId":83560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bundtzen","given":"Thomas K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Khanchuk, Alexander I.","contributorId":19585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khanchuk","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ratkin, Vladimir V.","contributorId":79924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratkin","given":"Vladimir","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Parfenov, Leonid M.","contributorId":59112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parfenov","given":"Leonid","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70073908,"text":"70073908 - 1998 - Summary of ground-water quality in West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T13:20:15","indexId":"70073908","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T14:17:11","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Summary of ground-water quality in West Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality data for the 28 sites in the West Virginia ambient ground-water-quality network and for wells in the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System (NWIS) data base for West Virginia were analyzed statistically to identify any water-quality trends and relations and to compare data from the two data sets. Data for 10 selected properties and constituents (pH, fecal coliform, iron, manganese, sulfate, hardness, nitrate plus nitrite, chloride, fluoride, and dissolved solids) were grouped by geologic unit, topographic setting, well depth, and season; simple statistical descriptors such as mean, median, maximum, minimum, standard deviation, and 10th and 90th percentiles were computed for each property and constituent and are summarized in tables. </p><p>Analysis of the data for wells from the NWIS data base showed that highest median concentrations of dissolved iron and dissolved manganese are in samples from the Lower Pennsylvanian units, which are found mainly in the low-sulfur coal fields of southern West Virginia; the highest median concentration of dissolved sulfate is in samples from the Quaternary alluvium along the Ohio and Kanawha Rivers; and the highest median hardness and concentrations of dissolved nitrate plus nitrite are in samples from the Cambrian and Ordovician karst limestone units found mainly in the Eastern Panhandle. The highest median concentrations of dissolved iron and dissolved manganese are in samples from valley wells and wells of shallow depth, and hardness is greatest in samples from hilltop wells. Analysis of data for all wells and springs in the ambient network corroborated statistics for the NWIS data set in that median concentration of total iron is highest in samples from the Lower Pennsylvanian units, median concentration of dissolved sulfate is highest in samples from the Quaternary alluvium, and hardness and median concentrations of total nitrate plus nitrite are highest in samples from the Cambrian and Ordovician units. Data from the ambient network did not show any significant seasonal variations in groundwater quality. Of the additional constituents sampled for in the ambient network, median concentrations of metals were less than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standards, and organic chemical constituents were rarely detected. </p><p>Statistical comparisons of data from the NWIS data base and the ambient network data set showed no significant differences except for fecal coliform, iron, and manganese. Median concentrations of these three constituents were several times greater for samples from wells and springs in the ambient network. Statistical differences in values for these constituents could be attributed to differences in the state of constituents sampled (dissolved concentrations of iron and manganese for the NWIS data set as opposed to total concentrations for the ambient network data set) and the smaller number of sites in the ambient network. Statistical resolution could be improved by sampling a greater number of wells and springs that have a greater diversity of geologic and topographic conditions for the ambient network. The present ambient network does not include sites in Silurian or Middle Pennsylvanian geologic units nor sites in hilltop settings. The statistical validity of the ambient network could be improved by sampling additional sites, especially those for aquifers underrepresented in the data set. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Charleston, WV","doi":"10.3133/70073908","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey for the West Virginia Division of Environmental Protection, Office of Water Resources, Ground-Water Program","usgsCitation":"Mathes, M., Kozar, M.D., and Brown, D., 1998, Summary of ground-water quality in West Virginia, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70073908.","productDescription":"54 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":334342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334181,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70073908/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"West 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,{"id":70204128,"text":"70204128 - 1998 - Characterization of an old-growth bottomland hardwood wetland forest in Northeast Texas: Harrison Bayou","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-23T21:33:03.109729","indexId":"70204128","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T11:58:46","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"title":"Characterization of an old-growth bottomland hardwood wetland forest in Northeast Texas: Harrison Bayou","docAbstract":"<p>Most wetland losses in the southern region over the past 200 years have occurred in&nbsp;bottomland hardwood forests. By 1980 the original extent of palustrine bottomland in Texas had&nbsp;been reduced by 63%, from roughly 16 to 6 million acres. Additional losses have occurred during&nbsp;more recent years as a result of conversion to agriculture and timber harvests; these factors and the&nbsp;need to supply new hardwood chip mills in the region pose a potential threat to the remaining&nbsp;hardwood resource. The Harrison Bayou watershed in northeast Texas contains one of the few&nbsp;relatively undisturbed bottomland hardwood wetland forests in the State. Harrison Bayou is part of&nbsp;the Caddo Lake wetlands complex, most of which was designated a Wetland of International&nbsp;Importance under the Ramsar Treaty in October of 1993. Caddo Lake State Park is one of fifteen&nbsp;\"Ramsar\" wetlands in the United States; it is the only wetland with this designation in the State of&nbsp;Texas. Harrison Bayou is an important component of the Caddo Lake watershed; it represents a&nbsp;model bottomland hardwood wetland in both structure and ecological function. Three major forest&nbsp;cover types illustrate the diversity of the 600-hectare bottomland hardwood/baldcypress forest at&nbsp;Harrison Bayou. Comparison of wetland forest extent and species composition in 1977 with 1993&nbsp;revealed very little change in wetland forest community structure.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilderness and natural areas in Eastern North America : Research, management and planning","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Center for Applied Studies in Forestry","usgsCitation":"Walker, L.C., Brantley, T., and Burkett, V., 1998, Characterization of an old-growth bottomland hardwood wetland forest in Northeast Texas: Harrison Bayou, chap. <i>of</i> Wilderness and natural areas in Eastern North America : Research, management and planning, p. 98-108.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"108","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365339,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Harrison Bayou","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.10682678222656,\n              32.687353574937944\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.17463302612305,\n              32.523657815699146\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.18338775634764,\n              32.50802457488995\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.13360595703125,\n              32.49846958927782\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.0821075439453,\n              32.59455223925157\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.0810775756836,\n              32.626364162516225\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.07730102539062,\n              32.66365647172217\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.10682678222656,\n              32.687353574937944\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, Laurence C.","contributorId":216818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"Laurence","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brantley, Thomas","contributorId":216820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brantley","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkett, Virginia 0000-0003-4746-2862 virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-2862","contributorId":2867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkett","given":"Virginia","email":"virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70250560,"text":"70250560 - 1998 - Evaluation of two oral baiting systems for wild rodents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-15T16:30:32.88195","indexId":"70250560","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T10:24:31","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of two oral baiting systems for wild rodents","docAbstract":"<p><span>Tetracycline hydrochloride (TC)-treated peanut butter or rodent chow baits were distributed during March 1990, on separate 0.53 ha sites in Oglethorpe County, Georgia (USA). Rodents were trapped on a control site prior to bait distribution and on two baited sites 6 days post-distribution. Cleaned skulls from euthanized mammals were grossly examined for TC florescence using an ultraviolet (UV) light. Mandibles were sectioned and examined for TC fluorescence using an ultraviolet light microscope. All 21 cotton rats (</span><i>Sigmodon hispidus</i><span>), four eastern harvest mice (</span><i>Rithrodontomys humulis</i><span>), and two golden mice (</span><i>Ochrotomys nuttalli</i><span>) captured on the control site were negative for TC fluorescence. On the peanut butter bait site, mandible sections from 29 of 32 (91%) cotton rats, three of three (100%) eastern harvest mice, two of three (66%) golden mice, zero of five (0%) white-footed mice (</span><i>Peromyscus leucopus</i><span>), one of three (33%) short-tailed shrews (</span><i>Blarina brevicauda</i><span>), and zero of two (0%) least shrews (</span><i>Cryptotis parva</i><span>) were positive for TC. Results from the rodent chow bait site indicated that 18 of 25 (72%) cotton rats, zero of three (0%) eastern harvest mice, two of seven (29%) golden mice, zero of four (0%) white-footed mice, and zero of four (0%) least shrews were positive for TC fluorescence in mandible sections. These results suggest that a large portion of a free-ranging small rodent population can be administered biological markers or vaccines using baits.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-34.2.369","usgsCitation":"Creekmore, T.E., Fletcher, W., and Stallknecht, D., 1998, Evaluation of two oral baiting systems for wild rodents: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 34, no. 2, p. 369-372, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-34.2.369.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"372","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423627,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Oglethorpe 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,{"id":70180821,"text":"70180821 - 1998 - Elk reintroductions","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180821,"text":"70180821 - 1998 - Elk reintroductions","indexId":"70180821","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Elk reintroductions"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70103848,"text":"70103848 - 1998 - Status and trends of the nation's biological resources","indexId":"70103848","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Status and trends of the nation's biological resources"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70103848,"text":"70103848 - 1998 - Status and trends of the nation's biological resources","indexId":"70103848","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Status and trends of the nation's biological resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-09T16:05:34","indexId":"70180821","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Elk reintroductions","docAbstract":"<p>Rocky Mountain elk are native to northcentral New Mexico, including the Jemez Mountains, whereas a different subspecies, Merriam’s elk, inhabited southern New Mexico, east-central Arizona, and the Mexican border region (Hall 1981). Merriam’s elk went extinct around 1900 in New Mexico, and native Rocky Mountain elk were extirpated by 1909 (Findley et al. 1975). Although elk were known to early inhabitants of the Jemez Mountains (Fig. 1), elk remains are seldom found in archaeological sites there. Indeed, two of three known elk remains from the Jemez Mountains (Table) came from archaeological sites dating to the late 1880’s, while the third is represented by a single bone tool dated at A.D. 1390 to 1520. This scarcity of elk in archaeological remains suggests that only small, local elk populations were present between A.D. 1150 and A.D. 1600. Elk numbers may have been suppressed by the many ancestral Pueblo people who inhabited the area, as suggested for nearby Arroyo Hondo by Lang and Harris (1984) and for the intermountain West by Kay (1994). The gray wolf, the most important natural predator of elk in the Jemez Mountains, was extirpated&nbsp;from the area by the 1940’s (Findley et al. 1975). Hunting has reduced local populations of another elk predator, the mountain lion (Allen 1989).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of the nation's biological resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","isbn":"016053285X","usgsCitation":"Allen, C.D., 1998, Elk reintroductions, chap. <i>of</i> Status and trends of the nation's biological resources, p. 577-578.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"578","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334703,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Bandelier National Monument, Jemez Mountains","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5895a4c1e4b0fa1e59bc1e0d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725525,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Opler, Paul A.","contributorId":86690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opler","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725526,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett Haecker, Catherine E.","contributorId":45630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett Haecker","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725527,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725528,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020611,"text":"70020611 - 1998 - Stress transferred by the 1995 Mw = 6.9 Kobe, Japan, shock: Effect on aftershocks and future earthquake probabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T14:13:03.842943","indexId":"70020611","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress transferred by the 1995 Mw = 6.9 Kobe, Japan, shock: Effect on aftershocks and future earthquake probabilities","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Kobe earthquake struck at the edge of the densely populated Osaka-Kyoto corridor in southwest Japan. We investigate how the earthquake transferred stress to nearby faults, altering their proximity to failure and thus changing earthquake probabilities. We find that relative to the pre-Kobe seismicity, Kobe aftershocks were concentrated in regions of calculated Coulomb stress increase and less common in regions of stress decrease. We quantify this relationship by forming the spatial correlation between the seismicity rate change and the Coulomb stress change. The correlation is significant for stress changes greater than 0.2–1.0 bars (0.02–0.1 MPa), and the nonlinear dependence of seismicity rate change on stress change is compatible with a state- and rate-dependent formulation for earthquake occurrence. We extend this analysis to future mainshocks by resolving the stress changes on major faults within 100 km of Kobe and calculating the change in probability caused by these stress changes. Transient effects of the stress changes are incorporated by the state-dependent constitutive relation, which amplifies the permanent stress changes during the aftershock period. Earthquake probability framed in this manner is highly time-dependent, much more so than is assumed in current practice. Because the probabilities depend on several poorly known parameters of the major faults, we estimate uncertainties of the probabilities by Monte Carlo simulation. This enables us to include uncertainties on the elapsed time since the last earthquake, the repeat time and its variability, and the period of aftershock decay. We estimate that a calculated 3-bar (0.3-MPa) stress increase on the eastern section of the Arima-Takatsuki Tectonic Line (ATTL) near Kyoto causes fivefold increase in the 30-year probability of a subsequent large earthquake near Kyoto; a 2-bar (0.2-MPa) stress decrease on the western section of the ATTL results in a reduction in probability by a factor of 140 to 2000. The probability of a&nbsp;</span><i>M<sub>w</sub></i><span>&nbsp;= 6.9 earthquake within 50 km of Osaka during 1997–2007 is estimated to have risen from 5–6% before the Kobe earthquake to 7–11% afterward; during 1997–2027, it is estimated to have risen from 14–16% before Kobe to 16–22%.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB00765","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Toda, S., Stein, R., Reasenberg, P., Dieterich, J.H., and Yoshida, A., 1998, Stress transferred by the 1995 Mw = 6.9 Kobe, Japan, shock: Effect on aftershocks and future earthquake probabilities: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. 10, p. 24543-24565, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB00765.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"24543","endPage":"24565","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489840,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jb00765","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231032,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b69e4b08c986b31ce7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toda, S.","contributorId":102228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reasenberg, P.A.","contributorId":19959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dieterich, James H.","contributorId":81614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieterich","given":"James","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yoshida, A.","contributorId":60807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshida","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":87325,"text":"87325 - 1998 - Translocated sea otter populations off the coasts of Oregon and Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":87325,"text":"87325 - 1998 - Translocated sea otter populations off the coasts of Oregon and Washington","indexId":"87325","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Translocated sea otter populations off the coasts of Oregon and Washington"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70103848,"text":"70103848 - 1998 - Status and trends of the nation's biological resources","indexId":"70103848","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Status and trends of the nation's biological resources"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70103848,"text":"70103848 - 1998 - Status and trends of the nation's biological resources","indexId":"70103848","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Status and trends of the nation's biological resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-09T16:02:26","indexId":"87325","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Translocated sea otter populations off the coasts of Oregon and Washington","docAbstract":"<p>The historical distribution of sea otters extended from the northern islands of Japan north and east across the Aleutian chain to the mainland of North America then south along the west coast to central Baja California, Mexico (Riedman and Estes 1990). By the beginning of the twentieth century, after 150 years of being intensively hunted for their valuable fur, sea otters had been extirpated from most of their range (Kenyon 1969). In 1911 sea otters were protected by the passage of the International Fur Seal Treaty. Unfortunately, only 13 remnant populations survived the fur-hunting period, and two of those, British Columbia and Mexico, would also ultimately disappear, leaving only a small group of sea otters south of Alaska, along the rugged Big Sur coast of California (Kenyon 1969).</p><p>The earliest attempts to reestablish sea otters to unoccupied habitat were begun in the early 1950’s by R. D. (Sea Otter) Jones, then manager of the Aleutian National Wildlife Refuge (Kenyon 1969). These early efforts were experimental, and all failed to establish populations. However, the knowledge gained from Jones’s efforts and the seminal work of Kenyon (1969) and others during the 1950’s and early 1960’s ultimately led to the successful efforts to come.</p><p>During the mid-1960’s the Alaska Department of Fish and Game began translocating sea otters to sites where the species had occurred before the fur-trade period. The first translocations were restricted to Alaska, but beginning in 1969 and continuing through 1972, the effort expanded beyond Alaska. During this period, 241 sea otters were translocated to sites in British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon (Jameson et al. 1982). The work was done cooperatively between state and provincial conservation agencies, with much of the financial support for the Oregon and Washington efforts coming from the Atomic Energy Commission (now ERDA). Followup studies of the Oregon population began in 1971 and continued through 1975. After 1975, surveys in Oregon occurred infrequently. In Washington no follow-up surveys were conducted until 1977, although the population has been monitored closely since then (Jameson et al. 1982, 1986; Jeffries and Jameson 1995).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of the nation's biological resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","isbn":"016053285X","usgsCitation":"Jameson, R.J., 1998, Translocated sea otter populations off the coasts of Oregon and Washington, chap. <i>of</i> Status and trends of the nation's biological resources, p. 684-686.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"684","endPage":"686","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128414,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db626e1e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504988,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Opler, Paul A.","contributorId":86690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opler","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504989,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett Haecker, Catherine E.","contributorId":45630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett Haecker","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504990,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504991,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Jameson, Ronald J.","contributorId":17938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020607,"text":"70020607 - 1998 - Noble gases, stable isotopes, and radiocarbon as tracers of flow in the Dakota aquifer, Colorado and Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70020607","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Noble gases, stable isotopes, and radiocarbon as tracers of flow in the Dakota aquifer, Colorado and Kansas","docAbstract":"A suite of chemical and isotope tracers (dissolved noble gases, stable isotopes of water, radiocarbon, and CI) have been analyzed along a flow path in the Dakota aquifer system to determine likely recharge sources, ground water residence times, and the extent of mixing between local and intermediate flow systems, presumably caused by large well screens. Three water types were distinguished with the tracers, each having a very different history. Two of the water types were found in south-eastern Colorado where the Dakota is poorly confined. The tracer data suggest that the first group recharged locally during the last few thousand years and the second group was composed of ground water that recharged earlier during a cooler climate, presumably during the last glacial period (LGP) and mixed aged water. The paleotemperature record archived in this groundwater system indicates that south-eastern Colorado was about 5??C cooler during the LGP than during the late Holocene. Similar temperature changes derived from dissolved noble gases in other aquifer systems have been reported earlier for the south-western United States. The third water type was located down gradient of the first two in the confined Dakota in western and central Kansas. Groundwater residence time of this water mass is on the order of 104-105 yrs and its recharge location is near the Colorado and Kansas border down gradient of the other water types. The study shows the importance of using multiple tracers when investigating ground water systems.A suite of chemical and isotope tracers (dissolved noble gases, stable isotopes of water, radiocarbon, and CL) were analyzed along a flow path in the Dakota aquifer system to determine likely recharge sources, ground water residence times, and the extent of mixing between local and intermediate flow systems. Three water types were distinguished with the tracers, each having a very different history. Two of the water types were located in south-eastern Colorado where the Dakota is poorly confined. The third water type was located down gradient of the first two in the confined Dakota in western and central Kansas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00233-9","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Clark, J., Davisson, M., Hudson, G., and Macfarlane, P.A., 1998, Noble gases, stable isotopes, and radiocarbon as tracers of flow in the Dakota aquifer, Colorado and Kansas: Journal of Hydrology, v. 211, no. 1-4, p. 151-167, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00233-9.","startPage":"151","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487330,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3wz4z3z0","text":"External Repository"},{"id":206840,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00233-9"},{"id":230913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"211","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6724e4b0c8380cd731d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, J.F.","contributorId":24124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davisson, M.L.","contributorId":62277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davisson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson, G.B.","contributorId":28768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Macfarlane, P. A.","contributorId":14597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macfarlane","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020618,"text":"70020618 - 1998 - Structural and kinematic evolution of the Yukon-Tanana upland tectonites, east-central Alaska: A record of late Paleozoic to Mesozoic crustal assembly","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T14:00:57","indexId":"70020618","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural and kinematic evolution of the Yukon-Tanana upland tectonites, east-central Alaska: A record of late Paleozoic to Mesozoic crustal assembly","docAbstract":"The Yukon-Tanana terrane, the largest tectonostratigraphic terrane in the northern North American Cordillera, is polygenetic and not a single terrane. Lineated and foliated (L-S) tectonites, which characterize the Yukon-Tanana terrane, record multiple deformations and formed at different times. We document the polyphase history recorded by L-S tectonites within the Yukon-Tanana upland, east-central Alaska. These upland tectonites compose a heterogeneous assemblage of deformed igneous and metamorphic rocks that form the Alaskan part of what has been called the Yukon-Tanana composite terrane. We build on previous kinematic data and establish the three-dimensional architecture of the upland tectonites through kinematic and structural analysis of more than 250 oriented samples, including quartz c-axis fabric analysis of 39 samples. Through this study we distinguish allochthonous tectonites from parautochthonous tectonites within the Yukon-Tanana upland. The upland tectonites define a regionally coherent stacking order: from bottom to top, they are lower plate North American parautochthonous attenuated continental margin; continentally derived marginal-basin strata; and upper plate ocean-basin and island-arc rocks, including some continental basement rocks. We delineate three major deformation events in time, space, and structural level across the upland from the United States-Canada border to Fairbanks, Alaska: (1) pre-Early Jurassic (>212 Ma) northeast-directed, apparent margin-normal contraction that affected oceanic rocks; (2) late Early to early Middle Jurassic (>188-185 Ma) northwest-directed, apparent margin-parallel contraction and imbrication that resulted in juxtaposition of the allochthonous tectonites with parautochthonous continental rocks; and (3) Early Cretaceous (135-110 Ma) southeast-directed crustal extension that resulted in exposure of the structurally deepest, parautochthonous continental rocks. The oldest event represents deformation within a west-dipping (present coordinates) Permian-Triassic subduction zone. The second event records Early to Middle Jurassic collision of the arc and subduction complex with North American crust, and the third event reflects mid-Cretaceous southeast-directed crustal extension. Events one and two can be recognized and correlated through southern Yukon, even though this region was affected by mid-Cretaceous dextral shear along steep northwest-striking faults. Our data support a model of crustal assembly originally proposed by D. Tempelman-Kluit in which previously deformed allochthonous rocks were thrust over parautochthonous rocks of the attenuated North American margin in Middle Jurassic time. Approximately 50 m.y. after tectonic accretion, east-central Alaska was dissected by crustal extension, exposing overthrust parautochthonous strata.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<0211:SAKEOT>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Hansen, V.L., and Dusel-Bacon, C., 1998, Structural and kinematic evolution of the Yukon-Tanana upland tectonites, east-central Alaska: A record of late Paleozoic to Mesozoic crustal assembly: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 110, no. 2, p. 211-230, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<0211:SAKEOT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Tanana Upland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.248046875,\n              60.88770004207789\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.15234374999997,\n              60.88770004207789\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.15234374999997,\n              66.93006025862448\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.248046875,\n              66.93006025862448\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.248046875,\n              60.88770004207789\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bc7e4b08c986b31d0ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, V. L.","contributorId":82400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020240,"text":"70020240 - 1998 - Depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer, based on geophysical exploration, southern Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-05T01:39:45.028005","indexId":"70020240","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer, based on geophysical exploration, southern Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>A geophysical survey was conducted to determine the depth of the base of the water-table aquifer in the southern part of Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA. Audio-magnetotellurics (AMT) measurements at 77 sites in the study area yielded electrical-resistivity logs of the subsurface, and these were used to infer lithologic changes with depth. A 100–600 ohm-m geoelectric layer, designated the Jackson aquifer, was used to represent surficial saturated, unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age. The median depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer is estimated to be 200 ft (61 m), based on 62 sites that had sufficient resistivity data. AMT-measured values were kriged to predict the depth to the base of the aquifer throughout the southern part of Jackson Hole. Contour maps of the kriging predictions indicate that the depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer is shallow in the central part of the study area near the East and West Gros Ventre Buttes, deeper in the west near the Teton fault system, and shallow at the southern edge of Jackson Hole. Predicted, contoured depths range from 100 ft (30 m) in the south, near the confluences of Spring Creek and Flat Creek with the Snake River, to 700 ft (210 m) in the west, near the town of Wilson, Wyoming.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s100400050160","usgsCitation":"Nolan, B.T., Campbell, D.L., and Senterfit, R.M., 1998, Depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer, based on geophysical exploration, southern Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 6, no. 3, p. 374-382, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400050160.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"374","endPage":"382","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231435,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Jackson Hole","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.93170166015625,\n              43.30119623257966\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.66802978515625,\n              43.30119623257966\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.66802978515625,\n              43.636075155965784\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.93170166015625,\n              43.636075155965784\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.93170166015625,\n              43.30119623257966\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fed1e4b0c8380cd4ef45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nolan, Bernard T. 0000-0002-6945-9659 btnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9659","contributorId":2190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"Bernard","email":"btnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, David L.","contributorId":95447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senterfit, R. Michael","contributorId":10791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senterfit","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020205,"text":"70020205 - 1998 - Evidence for faulting related to dissociation of gas hydrate and release of methane off the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T17:02:17","indexId":"70020205","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for faulting related to dissociation of gas hydrate and release of methane off the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"This paper is part of the special publication Gas hydrates: relevance to world margin stability and climatic change (eds J.P. Henriet and J. Mienert). An irregular, faulted, collapse depression about 38 x 18 km in extent is located on the crest of the Blake Ridge offshore from the south- eastern United States. Faults disrupt the sea floor and terminate or sole out about 40-500 m below the sea floor at the base of the gas hydrate stable zone, which is identified from the location of the bottom simulating reflection (BSR). Normal faults are common but reverse faults and folds also are widespread. Folds commonly convert upward into faults. Sediment diapirs and deposits of sediments that were erupted onto the sea floor are also present. Sea-floor depressions at faults may represent locations of liquid/gas vents. The collapse was probably caused by overpressures and by the decoupling of the overlying sediments by gassy muds that existed just beneath the zone of gas hydrate stability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.23","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Dillon, W.P., Danforth, W.W., Hutchinson, D.R., Drury, R., Taylor, M., and Booth, J., 1998, Evidence for faulting related to dissociation of gas hydrate and release of methane off the southeastern United States: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 137, p. 293-302, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.23.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"302","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Blake Ridge","issue":"137","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d3ee4b0c8380cd52ed2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":385390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Danforth, W. W.","contributorId":16386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutchinson, D. R.","contributorId":31770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drury, R.M.","contributorId":55039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drury","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, M.H.","contributorId":37108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Booth, J.S.","contributorId":13619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
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