{"pageNumber":"282","pageRowStart":"7025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10458,"records":[{"id":70025860,"text":"70025860 - 2003 - Bedded jaspers of the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway: seafloor deposition and diagenetic maturation of hydrothermal plume-derived silica-iron gels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T11:18:40","indexId":"70025860","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bedded jaspers of the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway: seafloor deposition and diagenetic maturation of hydrothermal plume-derived silica-iron gels","docAbstract":"<p class=\"a-plus-plus\">Sedimentary beds of jasper (red hematitic chert) in the Ordovician L&oslash;kken ophiolite of Norway are closely associated with volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits. The jaspers occur in the immediate hangingwall and laterally peripheral to the large L&oslash;kken (25&ndash;30&nbsp;Mt) and small H&oslash;ydal (0.1&nbsp;Mt) VMS deposits, and are exposed discontinuously for several kilometres along strike. Massive or laminated types predominate; jasper-sulphide debris-flow deposits are also abundant near VMS deposits. The jaspers contain hematite-rich laminae showing soft-sediment deformation structures and microtextural evidence that record the presence of a colloidal precursor and an origin as gels. Early textures include: (1) straight or curved chains of hematitic filaments 3&ndash;10&nbsp;&micro;m in diameter and 20&ndash;100&nbsp;&micro;m long; (2) branching networks of 15&ndash;25&nbsp;&micro;m-thick, tubular structures surrounded by cryptocrystalline hematite and filled with quartz and euhedral hematite; (3) small (up to 10&nbsp;&micro;m) spherules composed of cryptocrystalline hematite and silica; and (4) up to 50&nbsp;&micro;m silica spherules with hematitic cores. The small filaments seem to have been deposited in varying proportions in the primary laminae, possibly together with hematitic and siliceous microspheroids. Diagenetic changes are represented by polygonal syneresis cracks, and the presence of cryptocrystalline (originally opaline) silica, chalcedony, quartz, carbonate and cryptocrystalline hematite and/or goethite forming botryoidal masses and spheroids &lt;10&nbsp;&micro;m to 5&nbsp;mm in diameter. Coarser euhedral grains of quartz, carbonate, and hematite are integral parts of these textures. Bleached, silica-rich jaspers preserve only small relics of fine-grained hematite-rich domains, and locally contain sparse pockets composed of coarse euhedral hematite&plusmn;epidote.</p>\n<p class=\"a-plus-plus\">The jaspers are interpreted to record colloidal fallout from one or more hydrothermal plumes, followed by maturation (ageing) of an Si-Fe-oxyhydroxide gel, on and beneath the Ordovician sea floor. Small hematitic filaments in the jaspers reflect bacteria-catalysed oxidation of Fe<span class=\"a-plus-plus\">2+</span>&nbsp;within the plume. The larger tubular filaments resulted from either microbial activity or inorganic self-organized mineral growth of Fe-oxyhydroxide within the Si-Fe-oxyhydroxide gel after deposition on the sea floor, prior to more advanced maturation of the gel as represented by the spheroidal and botryoidal silica-hematite textures. Bleaching and hematite&plusmn;epidote growth are interpreted to reflect heat and fluids generated during deposition of basaltic sheet flows on top of the gels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00126-003-0346-3","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Grenne, T., and Slack, J.F., 2003, Bedded jaspers of the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway: seafloor deposition and diagenetic maturation of hydrothermal plume-derived silica-iron gels: Mineralium Deposita, v. 38, no. 5, p. 625-639, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-003-0346-3.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"625","endPage":"639","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208708,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-003-0346-3"}],"volume":"38","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f03ee4b0c8380cd4a68b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grenne, Tor","contributorId":7460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grenne","given":"Tor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35509,"text":"Geological Survey of Norway","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025811,"text":"70025811 - 2003 - The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 87, 2003 July","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-22T13:20:23.264534","indexId":"70025811","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2715,"text":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 87, 2003 July","docAbstract":"<p><span>Meteoritical Bulletin No. 87 lists information for 1898 newly classified meteorites, comprising 1048 from Antarctica, 462 from Africa, 356 from Asia (355 of which are from Oman), 18 from North America, 5 from South America, 5 from Europe, and 3 from Australia. Information is provided for 10 falls (Beni M'hira, Elbert, Gasseltepaoua, Hiroshima, Kilabo, Neuschwanstein, Park Forest, Pê, Pétèlkolé, and Thuathe). Two of these—Kilabo and Thuathe—fell on the same day. Orbital characteristics could be calculated for Neuschwanstein. Noteworthy specimens include 8 Martian meteorites (5 from Sahara, 2 from Oman and 1 from Antarctica), 13 lunar meteorites (all except one from Oman), 3 irons, 3 pallasites, and many carbonaceous chondrites and achondrites.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1945-5100.2003.tb00328.x","issn":"10869379","usgsCitation":"Russell, S.S., Zipfel, J., Folco, L., Jones, R., Grady, M.M., McCoy, T., and Grossman, J.N., 2003, The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 87, 2003 July: Meteoritics and Planetary Science, v. 38, no. S7, p. A189-A248, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2003.tb00328.x.","productDescription":"60 p.","startPage":"A189","endPage":"A248","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2003.tb00328.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"S7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba7e7e4b08c986b32189a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, Sara S.","contributorId":24969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":39858,"text":"Natural History Museum London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zipfel, J.","contributorId":72107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipfel","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Folco, L.","contributorId":62807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folco","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, R.","contributorId":63585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grady, Monica M.","contributorId":101059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grady","given":"Monica","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24586,"text":"The Natural History Museum, London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCoy, T.","contributorId":56776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Grossman, Jeffrey N. 0000-0001-9099-9628","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9099-9628","contributorId":37317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70025782,"text":"70025782 - 2003 - Some observations on colocated and closely spaced strong ground-motion records of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-19T18:31:16.995784","indexId":"70025782","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some observations on colocated and closely spaced strong ground-motion records of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake","docAbstract":"The digital accelerograph network installed in Taiwan produced a rich set of records from the 20 September 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake (Mw 7.6). Teledyne Geotech model A-800 and A-900A* digital accelerographs were colocated at 22 stations that recorded this event. Comparisons of the amplitudes, frequency content, and baseline offsets show that records from several of the A-800 accelerographs are considerably different than those from the colocated A-900A accelerographs. On this basis, and in view of the more thorough predeployment testing of the newer A-900A instruments, we recommend that the records from the A-800 instruments be used with caution in analyses of the mainshock and aftershocks. At the Hualien seismic station two A-900A and one A-800 instruments were colocated, along with a Global Positioning System instrument. Although the records from the two A-900A instruments are much more similar than those from a colocated A-800 instrument, both three-component records contain unpredictable baseline offsets, which produced completely unrealistic ground displacements derived from the accelerations by double integration, as do many of the strong-motion data from this event; the details of the baseline offsets differ considerably on the two three-component records. There are probably numerous sources of the baseline offsets, including sources external to the instruments, such as tilting or rotation of the ground, and sources internal to the instruments, such as electrical or mechanical hysteresis in the sensors. For the two colocated A-900A records at the Hualien seismic station, however, the differences in the baseline offsets suggest that the principal source is some transient disturbance within the instrument. The baseline offsets generally manifest themselves in the acceleration time series as pulses or steps, either singly or in combination. We find a 0.015-Hz low-cut filter can almost completely eliminate the effects of the baseline offsets, but then information regarding the permanent displacements is lost. The causative mechanisms of the baseline offsets are unknown presently. Hence, it is very difficult to recover the permanent displacements from the modern digital records, although for records close to large earthquakes, the signal-to-noise ratio should theoretically be adequate to obtain ground motions with periods of hundreds of seconds. This study reinforces our conclusion from previous studies that the sources of baseline offsets occurring in digital strong-motion records are very complex and often unpredictable, and that, therefore, it is difficult to remove the baseline effects to maximize the information content of the record. The baseline offsets only affect very long period motions (e.g., >20 sec), however, and therefore are of little or no engineering concern.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020045","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Wang, G., Boore, D., Igel, H., and Zhou, X., 2003, Some observations on colocated and closely spaced strong ground-motion records of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 2, p. 674-693, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020045.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"674","endPage":"693","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b92c4e4b08c986b31a0db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, G.-Q.","contributorId":80046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"G.-Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Igel, H.","contributorId":66798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igel","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhou, X.-Y.","contributorId":83712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"X.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025781,"text":"70025781 - 2003 - A Visual Basic program to classify sediments based on gravel-sand-silt-clay ratios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-07T15:17:31","indexId":"70025781","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Visual Basic program to classify sediments based on gravel-sand-silt-clay ratios","docAbstract":"<p>Nomenclature describing size distributions is important to geologists because grain size is the most basic attribute of sediments. Traditionally, geologists have divided sediments into four size fractions that include gravel, sand, silt, and clay, and classified these sediments based on ratios of the various proportions of the fractions. Definitions of these fractions have long been standardized to the grade scale described by<span>&nbsp;</span>Wentworth (1922), and two main classification schemes have been adopted to describe the approximate relationship between the size fractions.</p><div><p>Specifically, according to the Wentworth grade scale gravel-sized particles have a nominal diameter of ⩾2.0&nbsp;mm; sand-sized particles have nominal diameters from &lt;2.0&nbsp;mm to ⩾62.5&nbsp;μm; silt-sized particles have nominal diameters from &lt;62.5 to ⩾4.0&nbsp;μm; and clay is &lt;4.0&nbsp;μm. As for sediment classification, most sedimentologists use one of the systems described either by<span>&nbsp;</span>Shepard (1954)<span>&nbsp;</span>or<span>&nbsp;</span>Folk (1954, 1974). The original scheme devised by<span>&nbsp;</span>Shepard (1954)<span>&nbsp;</span>utilized a single ternary diagram with sand, silt, and clay in the corners to graphically show the relative proportions among these three grades within a sample. This scheme, however, does not allow for sediments with significant amounts of gravel. Therefore, Shepard's classification scheme (Fig. 1) was subsequently modified by the addition of a second ternary diagram to account for the gravel fraction (Schlee, 1973). The system devised by<span>&nbsp;</span>Folk (1954, 1974)<span>&nbsp;</span>is also based on two triangular diagrams (Fig. 2), but it has 23 major categories, and uses the term mud (defined as silt plus clay). The patterns within the triangles of both systems differ, as does the emphasis placed on gravel. For example, in the system described by Shepard, gravelly sediments have more than 10% gravel; in Folk's system, slightly gravelly sediments have as little as 0.01% gravel. Folk's classification scheme stresses gravel because its concentration is a function of the highest current velocity at the time of deposition, together with the maximum grain size of the detritus that is available; Shepard's classification scheme emphasizes the ratios of sand, silt, and clay because they reflect sorting and reworking (Poppe et al., 2000).</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00048-7","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Eliason, A., and Hastings, M., 2003, A Visual Basic program to classify sediments based on gravel-sand-silt-clay ratios: Computers & Geosciences, v. 29, no. 6, p. 805-809, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00048-7.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"805","endPage":"809","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e314e4b0c8380cd45dec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eliason, A.H.","contributorId":40972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eliason","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hastings, M. E.","contributorId":72012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"M. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025780,"text":"70025780 - 2003 - Development of a multimetric index for assessing the biological condition of the Ohio River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70025780","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a multimetric index for assessing the biological condition of the Ohio River","docAbstract":"The use of fish communities to assess environmental quality is common for streams, but a standard methodology for large rivers is as yet largely undeveloped. We developed an index to assess the condition of fish assemblages along 1,580 km of the Ohio River. Representative samples of fish assemblages were collected from 709 Ohio River reaches, including 318 \"least-impacted\" sites, from 1991 to 2001 by means of standardized nighttime boat-electrofishing techniques. We evaluated 55 candidate metrics based on attributes of fish assemblage structure and function to derive a multimetric index of river health. We examined the spatial (by river kilometer) and temporal variability of these metrics and assessed their responsiveness to anthropogenic disturbances, namely, effluents, turbidity, and highly embedded substrates. The resulting Ohio River Fish Index (ORFIn) comprises 13 metrics selected because they responded predictably to measures of human disturbance or reflected desirable features of the Ohio River. We retained two metrics (the number of intolerant species and the number of sucker species [family Catostomidae]) from Karr's original index of biotic integrity. Six metrics were modified from indices developed for the upper Ohio River (the number of native species; number of great-river species; number of centrarchid species; the number of deformities, eroded fins and barbels, lesions, and tumors; percent individuals as simple lithophils; and percent individuals as tolerant species). We also incorporated three trophic metrics (the percent of individuals as detritivores, invertivores, and piscivores), one metric based on catch per unit effort, and one metric based on the percent of individuals as nonindigenous fish species. The ORFIn declined significantly where anthropogenic effects on substrate and water quality were prevalent and was significantly lower in the first 500 m below point source discharges than at least-impacted sites nearby. Although additional research on the temporal stability of the metrics and index will likely enhance the reliability of the ORFIn, its incorporation into Ohio River assessments still represents an improvement over current physicochemical protocols.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T01-076","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Emery, E., Simon, T., McCormick, F., Angermeier, P., Deshon, J., Yoder, C., Sanders, R., Pearson, W., Hickman, G., Reash, R., and Thomas, J., 2003, Development of a multimetric index for assessing the biological condition of the Ohio River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 132, no. 4, p. 791-808, https://doi.org/10.1577/T01-076.","startPage":"791","endPage":"808","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208684,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T01-076"},{"id":234602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a003ee4b0c8380cd4f671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emery, E.B.","contributorId":52764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emery","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simon, T.P.","contributorId":75465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, F.H.","contributorId":24968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Angermeier, P. L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":6410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Deshon, J.E.","contributorId":28782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deshon","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yoder, C.O.","contributorId":10964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoder","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sanders, R.E.","contributorId":59215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pearson, W.D.","contributorId":86942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hickman, G.D.","contributorId":52765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Reash, R.J.","contributorId":68077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reash","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Thomas, J.A.","contributorId":103242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70025754,"text":"70025754 - 2003 - Geomedia: Mapping Colorado at a fine scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70025754","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomedia: Mapping Colorado at a fine scale","docAbstract":"Currently, only 24 percent of Colorado's spectacular geology has been mapped at the fine scale of 1:24,000. At the same time, the state hosts many geologic hazards. Most maps of Colorado are at much broader scales, failing to show detail of basic geology crucial to safe engineering and building practices in a state that had the third-fastest-growing population during the 1990s. And the 2000 Census showed that the state, despite some economic woes, remains one of the fastest growing. Detailed geologic maps also aid the mineral industries that help fuel such growth. Since 1992, the Colorado Geological Survey (CGS) has mapped 1:24,000-scale quadrangles in high-impact areas under the STATEMAP component of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. In 2002, CGS completed its 43rd geologic quadrangle map. The long-range plan for the state is to complete 116 high-priority quadrangles in the next 15 years. The survey's approach is to select rapidly growing areas with relatively high potential for hazards and map contiguous quadrangles. In addition to mapping bedrock, CGS geologists have mapped the Quaternary deposits at the surface. Understanding these deposits is extremely important for implementing sound engineering practices because of potential for subsidence and landslides. The CGS mapping has not only yielded information about potential hazards, but also advanced scientific understanding of the state.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00168556","usgsCitation":"Orndorff, R., 2003, Geomedia: Mapping Colorado at a fine scale: Geotimes, v. 48, no. 4, p. 36-37.","startPage":"36","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2764e4b0c8380cd59845","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orndorff, R.","contributorId":86945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025735,"text":"70025735 - 2003 - Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous event stratigraphy of Devils Gate and Northern Antelope Range sections, Nevada, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-03T14:41:41.015458","indexId":"70025735","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1145,"text":"CFS Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous event stratigraphy of Devils Gate and Northern Antelope Range sections, Nevada, U.S.A","docAbstract":"The classic type section of the Devils Gate Limestone at Devils Gate Pass is situated on the eastern slope of a proto-Antler forebulge that resulted from convergence of the west side of the North American continent with an ocean plate. The original Late Devonian forebulge, the site of which is now located between Devils Gate Pass and the Northern Antelope Range, separated the continental-rise to deep-slope Woodruff basin on the west from the backbulge Pilot basin on the east. Two connections between these basins are recorded by deeper water siltstone beds at Devils Gate; the older one is the lower tongue of the Woodruff Formation, which forms the basal unit of the upper member of the type Devils Gate, and the upper one is the overlying, thin lower member of the Pilot Shale. The forebulge and the backbulge Pilot basin originated during the middle Frasnian (early Late Devonian) Early hassi Zone, shortly following the Alamo Impact within the punctata Zone in southern Nevada. Evidence of this impact is recorded by coeval and reworked shocked quartz grains in the Northern Antelope Range and possibly by a unique bypass-channel or megatsunami-uprush sandy diamictite within carbonate-platform rocks of the lower member of the type Devils Gate Limestone. Besides the Alamo Impact and three regional events, two other important global events are recorded in the Devils Gate section. The semichatovae eustatic rise, the maximum Late Devonian flooding event, coincides with the sharp lithogenetic change at the discordant boundary above the lower member of the Devils Gate Limestone. Most significantly, the Devils Gate section contains the thickest and most complete rock record in North America across the late Frasnian linguiformis Zone mass extinction event. Excellent exposures include not only the extinction shale, but also a younger. Early triangularis Zone tsunamite breccia, produced by global collapse of carbonate platforms during a shallowing event that continued into the next younger Famennian Stage. The Northern Antelope Range section is located near the top of the west side of the proto-Antler forebulge. Because of its unusual, tectonically active location, unmatched at any other Nevada localities, this section records only four regional and global events during a timespan slightly longer than that of the Devils Gate section. The global semichatovae rise and late Frasnian mass extinction event are largely masked because of the depositional complexities resulting from this location.","language":"German","publisher":"Schweizerbart Science Publishing","issn":"03414116","usgsCitation":"Sandberg, C., Morrow, J.R., Poole, F.G., and Ziegler, W., 2003, Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous event stratigraphy of Devils Gate and Northern Antelope Range sections, Nevada, U.S.A: CFS Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, no. 242, p. 187-207.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"207","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":401684,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":70025713,"text":"70025713 - 2003 - Fluid inclusion and noble gas studies of the Dongping gold deposit, Hebei Province, China: A mantle connection for mineralization?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70025713","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid inclusion and noble gas studies of the Dongping gold deposit, Hebei Province, China: A mantle connection for mineralization?","docAbstract":"The Dongping gold deposit (>100 t Au) occurs about 200 km inboard of the northern margin of the North China craton. The deposit is mainly hosted by syenite of a middle Paleozoic alkalic intrusive complex that was emplaced into Late Archean basement rocks. Both groups of rocks are intruded by Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous crustal-melt granite dikes and stocks, some within a few kilometers of the deposit. The gold ores were deposited during this latter magmatic period at about 150 Ma, a time that was characterized by widespread regional north-south compression that formed the east-west-trending Yanshan deformational belt. The ores include both the telluride mineral-bearing, low sulfide quartz veins and the highly K-feldspar-altered syenite, with most of the resource concentrated in two orebodies (1 and 70). Fluid inclusion microthermometry indicates heterogeneous trapping of low-salinity (e.g., 5-7 wt % NaCl equiv) fluids that varied from a few to 60 mole percent nonaqueous volatile species. Laser Raman spectroscopy confirms that the vapor phase in these inclusions is dominated by CO2, but may be comprised of as much as 9 mole percent H2S and 20 mole percent N2; methane concentrations in the vapor phase are consistently <1 mole percent. The variable phase ratios are consistent with fluid immiscibility during ore formation. Fluid inclusion trapping conditions are estimated to be 250?? to 375??C and 0.6 to 1.0 kbar. Helium isotope studies of fluid inclusions in ore-stage pyrites indicate He/He ratios of 2.1 to 5.2 Ra (Ra = 1.4 x 10-6 for air) for orebody 1 and 0.3 to 0.8 Ra for orebody 70. The former data suggest that at least 26 to 65 percent mantle helium occurs in the fluids that deposited the veins in orebody 1. The lower values for orebody 70, which is characterized by a more disseminated style of gold mineralization, are interpreted to reflect an increased interaction of ore fluids with surrounding crustal rocks, which may have contributed additional He to the fluids. A mantle source for at least some of the components of the gold-forming fluid is consistent with upwelling of hot asthenosphere and erosion of as much as 100 to 150 km of cool Archean lithosphere beneath the craton during this time. The Dongping deposit is located along the 100-km-wide north-south gravity lineament, which marks the western border of the thinned crust. As both regional metamorphism of Mesoproterozoic and younger cover rocks, and widespread granite magmatism, also occurred at ca. 150 Ma, it is unclear as to whether one or both of these also contributed fluid and/or metals to the hydrothermal system. Importantly, these new data suggest that economically significant gold deposits of similar mineral style and fluid composition, which are scattered along the margins of the craton, may all be products of a fluid originally partly sourced within the mantle.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Mao, J., Li, Y., Goldfarb, R., He, Y., and Zaw, K., 2003, Fluid inclusion and noble gas studies of the Dongping gold deposit, Hebei Province, China: A mantle connection for mineralization?: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 3, p. 517-534.","startPage":"517","endPage":"534","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1270e4b0c8380cd542d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mao, J.","contributorId":87513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mao","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Y.","contributorId":41394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldfarb, R.","contributorId":43113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"He, Y.","contributorId":23319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zaw, K.","contributorId":18941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaw","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025647,"text":"70025647 - 2003 - P-T-t paths and differential Alleghanian loading and uplift of the Bronson Hill terrane south central New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:33:56","indexId":"70025647","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"P-T-t paths and differential Alleghanian loading and uplift of the Bronson Hill terrane south central New England","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-2\">Late Paleozoic U-Pb ages of sphene and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar cooling ages of amphibole and muscovite from rocks of the Bronson Hill terrane in Connecticut and central Massachusetts reflect a late Paleozoic (Alleghanian) overprint on Acadian metamorphic rocks. Prograde Alleghanian sphenes crystallized during the Late Pennsylvanian, and eliminate the possibility that amphibole ages reflect delayed Permian cooling from Devonian Acadian metamorphism. Fourteen new amphibole ages from Connecticut form a north-to-south trend of decreasing age from 294 to 245 Ma, while in Massachusetts four new amphibole ages together with three others from the literature produce a random Carboniferous pattern. Seven new muscovite ages support existing data indicating uniform cooling throughout the Bronson Hill terrane through ∼350°C in the Early Triassic. The rate of Permian cooling defined by amphibole-muscovite pairs increases from ∼4°C/my in northern Connecticut to ∼50°C/my near Long Island Sound.</p><p id=\"p-3\">Hinged loading and hinged but delayed exhumation in the southern part of the Bronson Hill terrane (with the hinge in central Connecticut) explain these ages and cooling rates as well as a southerly increasing metamorphic field gradient. One-dimensional thermal modeling indicates that loading of Bronson Hill rocks must have begun by the Late Mississippian. The time of peak Alleghanian metamorphic temperature decreases southward from Early Permian in northern Connecticut to Late Permian to the south. These results demonstrate that the metamorphic effects of the Alleghanian orogeny are not restricted to the Avalon terrane of southeastern New England. On the contrary, the Alleghanian orogeny reset<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar mineral ages, recrystallized minerals, partially melted felsic rocks, and transposed fabrics at least as far west as the Bronson Hill terrane in south-central New England.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.303.5.410","usgsCitation":"Wintsch, R., Kunk, M.J., Boyd, J., and Aleinikoff, J.N., 2003, P-T-t paths and differential Alleghanian loading and uplift of the Bronson Hill terrane south central New England: American Journal of Science, v. 303, no. 5, p. 410-446, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.303.5.410.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"410","endPage":"446","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478492,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.303.5.410","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"303","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7319e4b0c8380cd76e64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wintsch, R. P.","contributorId":104921,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wintsch","given":"R. P.","affiliations":[{"id":13366,"text":"Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyd, J.L.","contributorId":38586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025646,"text":"70025646 - 2003 - Rime and graupel: Description and characterization as revealed by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-30T13:23:29","indexId":"70025646","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3334,"text":"Scanning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rime and graupel: Description and characterization as revealed by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy","docAbstract":"<p><span>Snow crystals, which form by vapor deposition, occasionally come in contact with supercooled cloud droplets during their formation and descent. When this occurs, the droplets adhere and freeze to the snow crystals in a process known as accretion. During the early stages of accretion, discrete snow crystals exhibiting frozen cloud droplets are referred to as rime. If this process continues, the snow crystal may become completely engulfed in frozen cloud droplets. The resulting particle is known as graupel. Light microscopic investigations have studied rime and graupel for nearly 100 years. However, the limiting resolution and depth of field associated with the light microscope have prevented detailed descriptions of the microscopic cloud droplets and the three-dimensional topography of the rime and graupel particles. This study uses low-temperature scanning electron microscopy to characterize the frozen precipitates that are commonly known as rime and graupel. Rime, consisting of frozen cloud droplets, is observed on all types of snow crystals including needles, columns, plates, and dendrites. The droplets, which vary in size from 10 to 100 &mu;m, frequently accumulate along one face of a single snow crystal, but are found more randomly distributed on aggregations consisting of two or more snow crystals (snowflakes). The early stages of riming are characterized by the presence of frozen cloud droplets that appear as a layer of flattened hemispheres on the surface of the snow crystal. As this process continues, the cloud droplets appear more sinuous and elongate as they contact and freeze to the rimed crystals. The advanced stages of this process result in graupel, a particle 1 to 3 mm across, composed of hundreds of frozen cloud droplets interspersed with considerable air spaces; the original snow crystal is no longer discernible. This study increases our knowledge about the process and characteristics of riming and suggests that the initial appearance of the flattened hemispheres may result from impact of the leading face of the snow crystal with cloud droplets. The elongated and sinuous configurations of frozen cloud droplets that are encountered on the more advanced stages suggest that aerodynamic forces propel cloud droplets to the trailing face of the descending crystal where they make contact and freeze.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/sca.4950250304","issn":"01610457","usgsCitation":"Rango, A., Foster, J., Josberger, E., Erbe, E., Pooley, C., and Wergin, W., 2003, Rime and graupel: Description and characterization as revealed by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy: Scanning, v. 25, no. 3, p. 121-131, https://doi.org/10.1002/sca.4950250304.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"131","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad6be4b0c8380cd86ed0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rango, A.","contributorId":94449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rango","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, J.","contributorId":89687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erbe, E.F.","contributorId":33877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erbe","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pooley, C.","contributorId":55185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pooley","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wergin, W.P.","contributorId":106280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wergin","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70025644,"text":"70025644 - 2003 - An approach for mapping large-area impervious surfaces: Synergistic use of Landsat-7 ETM+ and high spatial resolution imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T13:34:18","indexId":"70025644","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An approach for mapping large-area impervious surfaces: Synergistic use of Landsat-7 ETM+ and high spatial resolution imagery","docAbstract":"<p>A wide range of urban ecosystem studies, including urban hydrology, urban climate, land use planning, and resource management, require current and accurate geospatial data of urban impervious surfaces. We developed an approach to quantify urban impervious surfaces as a continuous variable by using multisensor and multisource datasets. Subpixel percent impervious surfaces at 30-m resolution were mapped using a regression tree model. The utility, practicality, and affordability of the proposed method for large-area imperviousness mapping were tested over three spatial scales (Sioux Falls, South Dakota, Richmond, Virginia, and the Chesapeake Bay areas of the United States). Average error of predicted versus actual percent impervious surface ranged from 8.8 to 11.4%, with correlation coefficients from 0.82 to 0.91. The approach is being implemented to map impervious surfaces for the entire United States as one of the major components of the circa 2000 national land cover database.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute","doi":"10.5589/m02-098","issn":"07038992","usgsCitation":"Yang, L., Huang, C., Homer, C.G., Wylie, B.K., and Coan, M., 2003, An approach for mapping large-area impervious surfaces: Synergistic use of Landsat-7 ETM+ and high spatial resolution imagery: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 29, no. 2, p. 230-240, https://doi.org/10.5589/m02-098.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"240","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea0ae4b0c8380cd485c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":405997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, Chengquan 0000-0003-0055-9798","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0055-9798","contributorId":198972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Chengquan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7261,"text":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":405999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":405998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coan, Michael mcoan@usgs.gov","contributorId":5398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coan","given":"Michael","email":"mcoan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":406000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025600,"text":"70025600 - 2003 - Infrasonic tremor observed at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T15:43:17.475536","indexId":"70025600","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infrasonic tremor observed at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"paraNumber\">[1]<span>&nbsp;</span></span>Infrasonic array data collected at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, during November 12–21, 2002 indicate that the active vents and lava tube system near the Pu'u 'Ō'ō vent complex emit almost continuous infrasound in the 0.3–10 Hz frequency band. The spectral content of these infrasonic signals matches well that of synchronous seismic tremor. In sites protected from wind noise, significant signal to noise ratios were recorded as far as ∼13 km from the crater of Pu'u 'Ō'ō. The infrasonic recordings suggest that one or more tremor sources may be close to the surface. In addition, these results demonstrate that adequate site and instrument selections for infrasonic arrays are essential in order to obtain consistent and reliable infrasonic detections.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003GL018038","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Garces, M., Harris, A., Hetzer, C., Johnson, J., Rowland, S., Marchetti, E., and Okubo, P., 2003, Infrasonic tremor observed at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 20, 2, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018038.","productDescription":"2, 4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489753,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl018038","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.29131889343262,\n              19.397225320423033\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.28659820556638,\n              19.398844488980487\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.28033256530762,\n              19.40013981222548\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.27741432189939,\n              19.39981598238101\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.27329444885254,\n              19.39876353093527\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26883125305173,\n              19.39997789738381\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2668571472168,\n              19.40208277775666\n            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C.","contributorId":17812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hetzer","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, J.","contributorId":31719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rowland, S.","contributorId":38341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marchetti, E.","contributorId":19355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marchetti","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Okubo, P. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":49432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":405815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70025598,"text":"70025598 - 2003 - Estimation of hectare-scale soil-moisture characteristics from aquifer-test data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T07:37:44","indexId":"70025598","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of hectare-scale soil-moisture characteristics from aquifer-test data","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id9\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id10\"><p><span>Analysis of a 72-h, constant-rate&nbsp;aquifer&nbsp;test conducted in a coarse-grained and highly permeable, glacial outwash deposit on Cape Cod, Massachusetts revealed that drawdowns measured in 20&nbsp;piezometers&nbsp;located at various depths below the&nbsp;water table&nbsp;and distances from the pumped well were significantly influenced by effects of drainage from the&nbsp;</span>vadose zone<span>. The influence was greatest in piezometers located close to the water table and diminished with increasing depth. The influence of the vadose zone was evident from a gap, in the intermediate-time zone, between measured drawdowns and drawdowns computed under the assumption that drainage from the vadose zone occurred instantaneously in response to a decline in the elevation of the water table. By means of an analytical model that was designed to account for time-varying drainage, simulated drawdowns could be closely fitted to measured drawdowns regardless of the piezometer locations. Because of the exceptional quality and quantity of the data and the relatively small aquifer heterogeneity, it was possible by inverse modeling to estimate all relevant aquifer parameters and a set of three empirical constants used in the upper-boundary condition to account for the dynamic drainage process. The empirical constants were used to define a one-dimensional (1D) drainage versus time curve that is assumed to be representative of the bulk material overlying the water table. The curve was inverted with a&nbsp;parameter estimation&nbsp;algorithm and a 1D numerical model for variably saturated flow to obtain soil-moisture retention curves and unsaturated&nbsp;hydraulic conductivity&nbsp;relationships defined by the Brooks and Corey equations. Direct analysis of the aquifer-test data using a parameter estimation algorithm and a two-dimensional, axisymmetric numerical model for variably saturated flow yielded similar soil-moisture characteristics. Results suggest that hectare-scale soil-moisture characteristics are different from core-scale predictions and even relatively small amounts of fine-grained material and heterogeneity can dominate the large-scale soil-moisture characteristics and aquifer response.</span></p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00202-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Moench, A., 2003, Estimation of hectare-scale soil-moisture characteristics from aquifer-test data: Journal of Hydrology, v. 281, no. 1-2, p. 82-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00202-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"95","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209398,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00202-6"},{"id":235796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"281","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b90e4b0c8380cd5279b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, A.F.","contributorId":91495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025579,"text":"70025579 - 2003 - Setting an effective TMDL: Sediment loading and effects of suspended sediment on fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T18:10:49.561709","indexId":"70025579","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Setting an effective TMDL: Sediment loading and effects of suspended sediment on fish","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide Transport model was used to examine the relationship between&nbsp;</span>fish<span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span>suspended<span>&nbsp;</span>sediment<span>&nbsp;in the context of a proposed total maximum daily load (</span>TMDL<span>) in two agricultural watersheds in Minnesota. During a 50-year simulation, Wells Creek, a third-order cold water stream, had an estimated 1,164 events (i.e., one or more consecutive days of estimated&nbsp;</span>sediment<span>&nbsp;</span>loading<span>) and the Chippewa River, a fourth-order warm water stream, had 906 events of measurable&nbsp;</span>suspended<span>&nbsp;</span>sediment<span>. Sublethal thresholds were exceeded for 970 events and lethal levels for 194 events for brown trout in Wells Creek, whereas adult nonsalmonidis would have experienced sublethal levels for 923 events and lethal levels for 241 events. Sublethal levels were exceeded for 756 events and lethal thresholds were exceeded for 150 events in the Chippewa River. Nonsalmonids would have experienced 15 events of mortality between 0 and 20 percent in Wells Creek. In the Chippewa River, there were 35 events of mortality between 0 and 20 percent and one event in which mortality could have exceeded 20 percent. The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency has proposed listing stream reaches as being impaired for turbidity at 25 NTU, which is approximately 46 mg&nbsp;</span>suspended<span>&nbsp;</span>sediment<span>/l. We estimated that 46 mg/l would be exceeded approximately 30 days in a year (d/yr) in both systems. A&nbsp;</span>TMDL<span>&nbsp;of 46 mg SS/l may be too high to ensure that stream fishes are not negatively affected by&nbsp;</span>suspended<span>&nbsp;</span>sediment<span>. We recommend that an indicator incorporating the duration of exposure be applied.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03688.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Vondracek, B., Zimmerman, J.K., and Westra, J., 2003, Setting an effective TMDL: Sediment loading and effects of suspended sediment on fish: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 39, no. 5, p. 1005-1015, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03688.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1015","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03688.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d6fe4b08c986b3183db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vondracek, B.","contributorId":69930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, J. K. H.","contributorId":105898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Westra, J.V.","contributorId":86159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westra","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025576,"text":"70025576 - 2003 - A comparison of conservation reserve program habitat plantings with respect to arthropod prey for grassland birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-14T22:20:38.185026","indexId":"70025576","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of conservation reserve program habitat plantings with respect to arthropod prey for grassland birds","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) was designed to reduce soil erosion and curb agricultural overproduction by converting highly erodible agricultural land to various forms of perennial habitat. It has had an incidental benefit of providing habitat for wildlife and has been beneficial in reversing population declines of several grassland bird species. However, the mechanisms behind these reversals remain unknown. One such mechanism may be differences in food availability on CRP vs. non-CRP land or between different types of CRP. The influence of CRP habitat type on the abundance of arthropod prey used by grassland birds has not been previously explored. We compared the abundance and diversity of arthropods among four CRP habitat types in Texas [replicated plots of exotic lovegrass (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Eragrostis curvula</span><span>), Old World bluestem (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Bothriochloa ischaemum</span><span>), mixed native grasses with buffalograss (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Buchloë dactyloides</span><span>) and mixed native grasses without buffalograss] and native shortgrass prairie. Attention was focused on adult and juvenile spiders (Order Araneae), beetles (Coleoptera), orthopterans (Orthroptera: grasshoppers and crickets) and lepidopterans (Lepidoptera: butterflies and moths), as these taxa are the primary prey items of grassland birds during the breeding season. Arthropod diversity and abundance were higher on indigenous prairie compared to CRP, reflecting differences in vegetative diversity and structure, but there were no differences in arthropod richness or abundance among CRP types. These results indicate that, although CRP is not equivalent to native prairie in terms of vegetation or arthropod diversity, CRP lands do support arthropod prey for grassland birds. More direct assays of the survivorship and fitness of birds on CRP compared to native shortgrass prairie are clearly warranted.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2003)150[0291:ACOCRP]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00030031","usgsCitation":"McIntyre, N., and Thompson, T.R., 2003, A comparison of conservation reserve program habitat plantings with respect to arthropod prey for grassland birds: American Midland Naturalist, v. 150, no. 2, p. 291-301, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2003)150[0291:ACOCRP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"301","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"150","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2cfe4b0c8380cd45c78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McIntyre, N.E.","contributorId":18091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Thomas R.","contributorId":105896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025549,"text":"70025549 - 2003 - Simulation of unsteady flow and solute transport in a tidal river network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-28T16:12:29.677132","indexId":"70025549","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1515,"text":"Engineering Computations (Swansea, Wales)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of unsteady flow and solute transport in a tidal river network","docAbstract":"A mathematical model and numerical method for water flow and solute transport in a tidal river network is presented. The tidal river network is defined as a system of open channels of rivers with junctions and cross sections. As an example, the Pearl River in China is represented by a network of 104 channels, 62 nodes, and a total of 330 cross sections with 11 boundary section for one of the applications. The simulations are performed with a supercomputer for seven scenarios of water flow and/or solute transport in the Pearl River, China, with different hydrological and weather conditions. Comparisons with available data are shown. The intention of this study is to summarize previous works and to provide a useful tool for water environmental management in a tidal river network, particularly for the Pearl River, China.","language":"English","publisher":"MCB UP","doi":"10.1108/02644400310488853","issn":"02644401","usgsCitation":"Zhan, X., 2003, Simulation of unsteady flow and solute transport in a tidal river network: Engineering Computations (Swansea, Wales), v. 20, no. 5-6, p. 754-767, https://doi.org/10.1108/02644400310488853.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"754","endPage":"767","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387508,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90b3e4b08c986b319638","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhan, X.","contributorId":26477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhan","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025547,"text":"70025547 - 2003 - Atlantic coast feeding habits of striped bass: A synthesis supporting a coast-wide understanding of trophic biology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70025547","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atlantic coast feeding habits of striped bass: A synthesis supporting a coast-wide understanding of trophic biology","docAbstract":"The recent increase in the Atlantic coast population of striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), prompted managers to re-evaluate their predatory impact. Published and unpublished diet data for striped bass on the Atlantic Coast of North America were examined for geographical, ontogenetic and seasonal patterns in the diet and to assess diet for this species. Diets of young-of-the-year (YOY) striped bass were similar across the Upper Atlantic (UPATL), Chesapeake and Delaware Bays (CBDEL) and North Carolina (NCARO) areas of the Atlantic coast where either fish or mysid shrimp dominate the diet. For age one and older striped bass, cluster analysis partitioned diets based on predominance of either Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe), characteristic of striped bass from the CBDEL and NCARO regions, or non-menhaden fishes or invertebrates, characteristic of fish from the UPATL, in the diet. The predominance of invertebrates in the diets of striped bass in the UPATL region can be attributed to the absence of several important species groups in Northern waters, particularly sciaenid fishes, and to the sporadic occurrences of Atlantic menhaden to UPATL waters. In all regions, across most seasons and in most size classes of striped bass, the clupeiod fishes; menhaden, anchovies (Anchoa spp.) and river herrings (Alosa spp,) and Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus L., dominated the diets of striped bass above the first year of life.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00373.x","issn":"0969997X","usgsCitation":"Walter, J.F., Overton, A., Ferry, K., and Mather, M.E., 2003, Atlantic coast feeding habits of striped bass: A synthesis supporting a coast-wide understanding of trophic biology: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 10, no. 5, p. 349-360, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00373.x.","startPage":"349","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209528,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00373.x"},{"id":236085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eea6e4b0c8380cd49ea8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, J. F. III","contributorId":107908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Overton, A.S.","contributorId":105897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overton","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferry, K.H.","contributorId":70166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mather, M. E.","contributorId":71708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mather","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025496,"text":"70025496 - 2003 - Observations of large-amplitude cross-shore internal bores near the shelf break, Santa Monica Bay, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70025496","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2664,"text":"Marine Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of large-amplitude cross-shore internal bores near the shelf break, Santa Monica Bay, CA","docAbstract":"Two sets of moorings were deployed along a cross-shelf transect in central Santa Monica bay for four months in the winter of 1998-1999. Both sites had an array of instruments attached to tripods set on the seafloor to monitor currents over the entire water column, surface waves, near-bed temperature, water clarity and suspended sediment. A companion mooring had temperature sensors spaced approximately 10 m apart to measure temperature profiles between the surface and the seafloor. One array was deployed in 70 m of water at a site adjacent to the shelf break, just northwest of a major ocean outfall. The other was deployed on the mid shelf in 35 m of water approximately 6 km from the shelf break site. The subtidal currents in the region flowed parallel to the isobaths with fluctuating time scales around 10 days, a typical coastal-ocean pattern. However, during the falling phase of the barotropic spring tide, sets of large-amplitude, sheared cross-shore current pulses with a duration of 2-5 h were observed at the shelf break site. Currents in these pulses flowed exclusively offshore in a thin layer near the bed with amplitudes reaching 30-40 cm/s. Simultaneously, currents with amplitudes around 15-20 cm/s flowed exclusively onshore in the thicker layer between the offshore flow layer and the sea surface. The net offshore transport was about half the onshore transport. Near-surface isotherms were depressed 30-40 m. These pulses were likely internal bores generated by tidal currents. Bed stresses associated with these events exceeded 3 dynes/cm2. These amplitudes are large enough to resuspend and transport not only fine-grained material, but also medium to coarse sands from the shelf toward the slope. Consequently, the seafloor over the shelf break was swept clear of fine sediments. The data suggest that the internal bores dissipate and are reduced in amplitude as they propagate across this relatively narrow shelf. There is evidence that they reach the 35 m site, but other coastal ocean processes obscure their distinctive characteristics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Environmental Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0141-1136(02)00328-8","issn":"01411136","usgsCitation":"Noble, M., and Xu, J.P., 2003, Observations of large-amplitude cross-shore internal bores near the shelf break, Santa Monica Bay, CA: Marine Environmental Research, v. 56, no. 1-2, p. 127-149, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-1136(02)00328-8.","startPage":"127","endPage":"149","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209429,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0141-1136(02)00328-8"},{"id":235863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a96e4b0c8380cd74262","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noble, M.A.","contributorId":93513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, J. P.","contributorId":74528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025462,"text":"70025462 - 2003 - Local extinction and turnover rates at the edge and interior of species' ranges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70025462","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Local extinction and turnover rates at the edge and interior of species' ranges","docAbstract":"One hypothesis for the maintenance of the edge of a species' range suggests that more central (and abundant) populations are relatively stable and edge populations are less stable with increased local extinction and turnover rates. To date, estimates of such metrics are equivocal due to design and analysis flaws. Apparent increased estimates of extinction and turnover rates at the edge of range, versus the interior, could be a function of decreased detection probabilities alone, and not of a biological process. We estimated extinction and turnover rates for species at the interiors and edges of their ranges using an approach which incorporates potential heterogeneity in species detection probabilities. Extinction rates were higher at the edges (0.17 ?? 0.03 []) than in the interiors (0.04 ?? 0.01), as was turnover. Without taking the probability of detection into account these differences would be artificially magnified. Knowledge of extinction and turnover rates is essential in furthering our understanding of range dynamics, and in directing conservation efforts. This study further illustrates the practical application of methods proposed recently for estimating extinction rates and other community dynamic parameters.","largerWorkTitle":"Annales Zoologici Fennici","language":"English","issn":"0003455X","usgsCitation":"Doherty, P., Boulinier, T., and James., D.N., 2003, Local extinction and turnover rates at the edge and interior of species' ranges, <i>in</i> Annales Zoologici Fennici, v. 40, no. 2, p. 145-153.","startPage":"145","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48dbe4b0c8380cd6819b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doherty, P.F. Jr.","contributorId":74096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"P.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boulinier, T.","contributorId":37845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulinier","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"James., D. Nichols Nichols","contributorId":36818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James.","given":"D.","suffix":"Nichols","email":"","middleInitial":"Nichols","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025420,"text":"70025420 - 2003 - Analysis of aquifer mineralization by paleodrainage channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70025420","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of aquifer mineralization by paleodrainage channels","docAbstract":"Mineralization of groundwater resources is a problem in south-central Kansas, due to the penetration of saline water from Permian bedrock formations into the overlying alluvial aquifer. One of the mechanisms involved in the mineralization involves small bedrock features of high permeability located in places occupied by streams and rivers in past geological eras. These geological features are termed 'paleodrainage channels'. The permeability of the overlying aquifer can be significantly smaller than that of the channel fill material. The comparatively fast migration of saline water through these channels of high permeability is associated with the transfer of minerals into the overlying freshwater aquifer. This study applies a set of boundary layer approaches to quantify the process of mineral transfer from the channels into the aquifer. The methods used in the present study provide quick estimation and evaluation of the dilution of the channel flow, as well as mineral concentration profile changes in the mineralized zone created in the overlying aquifer. More generally, the method can also be useful for the analysis and evaluation of various types of groundwater contamination in heterogeneous aquifers. The application of the method is exemplified by a complete set of calculations characterizing the possible mineralization process at a specific channel in south central Kansas. Sensitivity analyses are performed and provide information about the importance of the various parameters that affect the mineralization process. Some possible scenarios for the aquifer mineralization phenomena are described and evaluated. It is shown that the channel mineralization may create either several stream tubes of the aquifer with high mineral concentration, or many stream tubes mineralized to a lesser extent. Characteristics of these two patterns of aquifer mineralization are quantified and discussed. ?? 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00123-9","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Rubin, H., and Buddemeier, R., 2003, Analysis of aquifer mineralization by paleodrainage channels: Journal of Hydrology, v. 277, no. 3-4, p. 280-304, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00123-9.","startPage":"280","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209408,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00123-9"},{"id":235821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"277","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb06e4b0c8380cd48b78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, H.","contributorId":54358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buddemeier, R. W.","contributorId":86492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buddemeier","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025408,"text":"70025408 - 2003 - Binding of mercury(II) to aquatic humic substances: Influence of pH and source of humic substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T08:30:27","indexId":"70025408","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Binding of mercury(II) to aquatic humic substances: Influence of pH and source of humic substances","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Conditional distribution coefficients (<i>K</i><sub>DOM</sub>‘) for Hg(II) binding to seven dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolates were measured at environmentally relevant ratios of Hg(II) to DOM. The results show that<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>DOM</sub>‘ values for different types of samples (humic acids, fulvic acids, hydrophobic acids) isolated from diverse aquatic environments were all within 1 order of magnitude (10<sup>22.5</sup><sup>±</sup><sup>1.0</sup>−10<sup>23.5</sup><sup>±</sup><sup>1.0</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>L kg<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>), suggesting similar Hg(II) binding environments, presumably involving thiol groups, for the different isolates.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>DOM</sub>‘ values decreased at low pHs (4) compared to values at pH 7, indicating proton competition for the strong Hg(II) binding sites. Chemical modeling of Hg(II)−DOM binding at different pH values was consistent with bidentate binding of Hg(II) by one thiol group (p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 10.3) and one other group (p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 6.3) in the DOM, which is in agreement with recent results on the structure of Hg(II)−DOM bonds obtained by extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS).</p></div></div><div class=\"hlFld-Fulltext\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es026291o","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Haitzer, M., Aiken, G., and Ryan, J.N., 2003, Binding of mercury(II) to aquatic humic substances: Influence of pH and source of humic substances: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 11, p. 2436-2441, https://doi.org/10.1021/es026291o.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2436","endPage":"2441","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209590,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es026291o"}],"volume":"37","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f135e4b0c8380cd4aac6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haitzer, M.","contributorId":94812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haitzer","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, J. N.","contributorId":102649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025304,"text":"70025304 - 2003 - Effects of ammonia on juvenile unionid mussels (<i>Lampsilis cardium</i>) in laboratory sediment toxicity tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T15:19:26","indexId":"70025304","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of ammonia on juvenile unionid mussels (<i>Lampsilis cardium</i>) in laboratory sediment toxicity tests","docAbstract":"Ammonia is a relatively toxic compound generated in water and sediments by heterotrophic bacteria and accumulates in sediments and pore water. Recent data suggest that unionid mussels are sensitive to un-ionized ammonia (NH3) relative to other organisms. Existing sediment exposure systems are not suitable for ammonia toxicity studies with juvenile unionids; thus, we modified a system to expose juveniles to ammonia that was continuously infused into sediments. This system maintained consistent concentrations of ammonia in pore water up to 10 d. Juvenile <i>Lampsilis cardium</i> mussels were exposed to NH<sub>3<sub> in pore water in replicate 96-h and 10-d sediment toxicity tests. The 96-h median lethal concentrations (LC50s) were 127 and 165 &mu;g NH<sub>3</sub>-N/L, and the 10-d LC50s were 93 and 140 &mu;g NH<sub>3</sub>-N/L. The median effective concentrations (EC50s) (based on the proportion affected, including dead and inactive mussels) were 73 and 119 &mu;g NH<sub>3</sub>-N/L in the 96-h tests and 71 and 99 &mu;g NH<sub>3</sub>-N/L in the 10-d tests. Growth rate was substantially reduced at concentrations between 31 and 76 &mu;g NH<sub>3</sub>-N/L. The lethality results (when expressed as total ammonia) are about one-half the acute national water quality criteria for total ammonia, suggesting that existing criteria may not protect juvenile unionids.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1897/02-342","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Newton, T., Allran, J.W., O’Donnell, J.A., Bartsch, M., and Richardson, W.B., 2003, Effects of ammonia on juvenile unionid mussels (<i>Lampsilis cardium</i>) in laboratory sediment toxicity tests: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 22, no. 11, p. 2554-2560, https://doi.org/10.1897/02-342.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2554","endPage":"2560","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209423,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/02-342"},{"id":235850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"22","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0686e4b0c8380cd512ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newton, Teresa J. 0000-0001-9351-5852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-5852","contributorId":78696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Teresa J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allran, John W.","contributorId":97297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allran","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A.","contributorId":84138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartsch, Michelle 0000-0002-9571-5564 mbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9571-5564","contributorId":3165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Michelle","email":"mbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richardson, William B. 0000-0002-7471-4394 wrichardson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-4394","contributorId":3277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"William","email":"wrichardson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025264,"text":"70025264 - 2003 - Ground cracks associated with the 1994 double spring flat earthquake, west-central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T16:44:03.356391","indexId":"70025264","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground cracks associated with the 1994 double spring flat earthquake, west-central Nevada","docAbstract":"<p><span>The&nbsp;</span>1994<span>&nbsp;</span>Double<span>&nbsp;</span>Spring<span>&nbsp;</span>Flat<span>&nbsp;</span>earthquake<span>&nbsp;(M</span><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;5.8) occurred within a densely faulted step-over between the Genoa and Antelope Valley faults, two principal normal faults of the transition zone between the Basin and Range Province and the northern Sierra&nbsp;</span>Nevada<span>. The&nbsp;</span>earthquake<span>&nbsp;created zones of&nbsp;</span>ground<span>&nbsp;</span>cracks<span>&nbsp;from 0.1 to 2.8 km long along at least five northwest- to north-northwest-striking faults in the epicentral area. Individual&nbsp;</span>cracks<span>&nbsp;had extensional openings generally from 1 to 10 mm wide. No&nbsp;</span>cracks<span>&nbsp;displayed obvious vertical separation, and only one zone showed permissive evidence of right-lateral separation. Over the 8 days following the mainshock (the period over which the&nbsp;</span>cracks<span>&nbsp;were found), aftershocks formed a dominant northeast trend suggesting the&nbsp;</span>earthquake<span>&nbsp;occurred along a northeast-striking structure. However, no&nbsp;</span>ground<span>&nbsp;breakage was found along faults striking parallel to this northeast aftershock alignment, and subsequent aftershocks formed a conjugate northwest trend. Based on the location and character of the five zones, the observed&nbsp;</span>cracks<span>&nbsp;are attributed to secondary fault slip and shaking effects. The&nbsp;</span>earthquake<span>&nbsp;also created&nbsp;</span>ground<span>&nbsp;</span>cracks<span>&nbsp;along at least two faults 15-25 km from the epicenter. In both of these cases, the faults had documented histories of prior&nbsp;</span>ground<span>&nbsp;cracking, indicating that they are particularly susceptible to such triggered deformation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020177","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Ramelli, A., DePolo, C., and Yount, J.C., 2003, Ground cracks associated with the 1994 double spring flat earthquake, west-central Nevada: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 6, p. 2762-2768, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020177.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2762","endPage":"2768","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387426,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a8fe4b0c8380cd5b290","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramelli, A. R.","contributorId":100564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramelli","given":"A. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DePolo, C.M.","contributorId":74533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DePolo","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yount, J. C.","contributorId":69553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yount","given":"J.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025229,"text":"70025229 - 2003 - Structural controls on Carlin-type gold mineralization in the gold bar district, Eureka County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T18:41:15.89257","indexId":"70025229","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural controls on Carlin-type gold mineralization in the gold bar district, Eureka County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p><span>The&nbsp;</span>Gold<span>&nbsp;</span>Bar<span>&nbsp;</span>district<span>&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the southern Roberts Mountains, 48 km northwest of&nbsp;</span>Eureka<span>,&nbsp;</span>Nevada<span>, contains one main deposit (</span>Gold<span>&nbsp;</span>Bar<span>), five satellite deposits, and other resources. Approximately 0.5 Moz of&nbsp;</span>gold<span>&nbsp;have been recovered from a resource of 1,639,000 oz of&nbsp;</span>gold<span>&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>Carlin<span>-</span>type<span>&nbsp;</span>gold<span>&nbsp;deposits&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;lower plate, miogeoclinal carbonate rocks below the Roberts Mountains thrust. Host rocks are unit 2 of the Upper Member of the Devonian Denay Formation and the Bartine Member of the McColley Canyon Formation. Spatial and temporal relations between structures and&nbsp;</span>gold<span>&nbsp;</span>mineralization<span>&nbsp;indicate that both pre-Tertiary and Tertiary structures were important&nbsp;</span>controls<span>&nbsp;on&nbsp;</span>gold<span>&nbsp;</span>mineralization<span>.&nbsp;</span>Gold<span>&nbsp;</span>mineralization<span>&nbsp;occurs primarily along high-angle Tertiary normal faults, some of which are reactivated reverse faults of Paleozoic or Mesozoic age. Most deposits are localized at the intersection of northwest- and northeast-striking faults. Alteration includes decalcification, and to a lesser extent, silicification along high-angle faults. Jasperoid (pervasive silicification), which formed along most faults and&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;some strata-bound zones, accounts for a small portion of the ore&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;every deposit.&nbsp;</span>In<span>&nbsp;the&nbsp;</span>Gold<span>&nbsp;Canyon deposit, a high-grade jasperoid pipe formed along a Tertiary normal fault which was localized along a zone of overturned fault-propagation folds and thrust faults of Paleozoic or Mesozoic age.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.98.6.1173","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Yigit, O., Nelson, E., Hitzman, M., and Hofstra, A., 2003, Structural controls on Carlin-type gold mineralization in the gold bar district, Eureka County, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 6, p. 1173-1188, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.6.1173.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1173","endPage":"1188","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Nevada","city":"Eureka","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.3177490234375,\n              39.232253141714885\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.697021484375,\n              39.232253141714885\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.697021484375,\n              39.787433886224406\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3177490234375,\n              39.787433886224406\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3177490234375,\n              39.232253141714885\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bdce4b08c986b31d121","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yigit, O.","contributorId":54383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yigit","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, E.P.","contributorId":53577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hitzman, M.W.","contributorId":107906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitzman","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025228,"text":"70025228 - 2003 - Morphological traits of Pacific Flyway Canada Geese as an aid to subspecies identification and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T13:53:51","indexId":"70025228","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphological traits of Pacific Flyway Canada Geese as an aid to subspecies identification and management","docAbstract":"<p><span>Subspecies of Canada Geese (</span><i>Branta canadensis</i><span>) exhibit wide variation in body size across their range. To monitor harvest levels in the Pacific Flyway, biologists commonly use culmen length and plumage color to differentiate among subspecies on sympatric wintering grounds. Among the four large-bodied Pacific subspecies (</span><i>B. c. parvipes</i><span>, </span><i>B. c. occidentalis</i><span>, </span><i>B. c. fulva</i><span>, and </span><i>B. c. moffitti</i><span>), overlap in culmen length and subjectivity of visually assessing color results in misclassification and inaccurate harvest estimates. We examined the morphology of Pacific large-bodied Canada Geese to characterize body size variation among subspecies and provide more discriminatory measures for harvest assessments. We found that culmen length, one of the most commonly used field measures, overlapped widely among subspecies, and it had little support for inclusion in discriminatory models. Morphological measures with greater explanatory power included bill width at nail, bill width at base, head length, and mid wing. If culmen length and plumage color continue to be used to assess winter harvest, we recommend the addition of at least one sex-specific measurement to reduce levels of misclassification among subspecies. If an additional morphological measure is included, further evaluation on the wintering grounds should be conducted as this measure's effectiveness may vary depending upon observer bias, temporal and spatial variation in subspecies abundance, and the proportion of birds accurately sexed by cloacal examination.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1648/0273-8570-74.4.357","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Pearce, J.M., and Bollinger, K.S., 2003, Morphological traits of Pacific Flyway Canada Geese as an aid to subspecies identification and management: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 74, no. 4, p. 357-369, https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-74.4.357.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"369","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Flyway","volume":"74","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e43e4b0c8380cd708f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bollinger, Karen S.","contributorId":33842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollinger","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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