The February 7, 1812, New Madrid, Missouri, earthquake (M [moment magnitude] 8) was the third and final large-magnitude event to rock the northern Mississippi Embayment during the winter of 1811–1812. Although ground shaking was so strong that it rang church bells, stopped clocks, buckled pavement, and rocked buildings up and down the eastern seaboard, little coseismic surface deformation exists today in the New Madrid area. The fault(s) that ruptured during this event have remained enigmatic. We have integrated geomorphic data documenting differential surficial deformation (supplemented by historical accounts of surficial deformation and earthquake-induced Mississippi River waterfalls and rapids) with the interpretation of existing and recently acquired seismic reflection data, to develop a tectonic model of the near-surface structures in the New Madrid, Missouri, area. This model consists of two primary components: a north-northwest–trending thrust fault and a series of northeast-trending, strike-slip, tear faults. We conclude that the Reelfoot fault is a thrust fault that is at least 30 km long. We also infer that tear faults in the near surface partitioned the hanging wall into subparallel blocks that have undergone differential displacement during episodes of faulting. The northeast-trending tear faults bound an area documented to have been uplifted at least 0.5 m during the February 7, 1812, earthquake. These faults also appear to bound changes in the surface density of epicenters that are within the modern seismicity, which is occurring in the stepover zone of the left-stepping right-lateral strike-slip fault system of the modern New Madrid seismic zone.
In light of suggestions that the Cascadia subduction margin may pose a significant seismic hazard for the highly populated Pacific Northwest region of the United States, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Research Center for Marine Geosciences (GEOMAR), and university collaborators collected and interpreted a 530-km-long wide-angle onshore-offshore seismic transect across the subduction zone and volcanic arc to study the major structures that contribute to seismogenic deformation. We observed (1) an increase in the dip of the Juan de Fuca slab from 2°–7° to 12° where it encounters a 20-km-thick block of the Siletz terrane or other accreted oceanic crust, (2) a distinct transition from Siletz crust into Cascade arc crust that coincides with the Mount St. Helens seismic zone, supporting the idea that the mafic Siletz block focuses seismic deformation at its edges, and (3) a crustal root (35–45 km deep) beneath the Cascade Range, with thinner crust (30–35 km) east of the volcanic arc beneath the Columbia Plateau flood basalt province. From the measured crustal structure and subduction geometry, we identify two zones that may concentrate future seismic activity: (1) a broad (because of the shallow dip), possibly locked part of the interplate contact that extends from ∼25 km depth beneath the coastline to perhaps as far west as the deformation front ∼120 km offshore and (2) a crustal zone at the eastern boundary between the Siletz terrane and the Cascade Range.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0199:ANVITC>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., Trehu, A., Luetgert, J., Miller, K., Kilbride, F., Wells, R., Fisher, M.A., Flueh, E., ten Brink, U., and Christensen, N., 1998, A new view into the Cascadia subduction zone and volcanic arc: Implications for earthquake hazards along the Washington margin: Geology, v. 26, no. 3, p. 199-202, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0199:ANVITC>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"202","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Cascadia","volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4bae4b0c8380cd468a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trehu, A.M.","contributorId":90754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trehu","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luetgert, J.H.","contributorId":69993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luetgert","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, K.","contributorId":104434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kilbride, F.","contributorId":56407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilbride","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wells, R.E. 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":67537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Flueh, E.","contributorId":55591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flueh","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":388671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Christensen, N.I.","contributorId":28016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"N.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70020102,"text":"70020102 - 1998 - Similar rates of decrease of persistent, hydrophobic and particle-reactive contaminants in riverine systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T09:47:55","indexId":"70020102","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Similar rates of decrease of persistent, hydrophobic and particle-reactive contaminants in riverine systems","docAbstract":"Although it is well-known that concentrations of anthropogenic radionuclides and organochlorine compounds in aquatic systems have decreased since their widespread release has stopped in the United States, the magnitude and variability of rates of decrease are not well-known. Paleolimnological studies of reservoirs provide a tool for evaluating these long-term trends in riverine systems. Rates of decrease from the 1960s to the 1990s of 137Cs, PCBs, and total DDT in dated sediment cores from 11 reservoirs in the eastern and central United States were modeled using first-order rate models. Mean half-times of 10.0 (±2.5), 9.5 (±2.2), and 13 (±5.8) yr for decay-corrected 137Cs, PCBs, and total DDT, respectively, are surprisingly similar. Similar rates of decrease in a few reservoirs are also demonstrated for chlordane and lead. Conceptual and simple mathematical models relating two soil distributions of 137Cs to trends in the cores provide insight into differences in trends between watersheds with different land uses and suggest that trends are controlled by erosion, transport, mixing, and deposition of sediments. These results, supported by similar trends reported for other settings and environmental media, could provide an estimate of the decadal response time of riverine systems to changes in the regulation of other persistent hydrophobic or particle-reactive contaminants.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es9801902","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., Wilson, J.T., Callender, E., and Fuller, C.C., 1998, Similar rates of decrease of persistent, hydrophobic and particle-reactive contaminants in riverine systems: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 32, no. 21, p. 3312-3317, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9801902.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3312","endPage":"3317","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":206048,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9801902"},{"id":228075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f51e4b08c986b318e70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Jennifer T. 0000-0003-4481-6354 jenwilso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-6354","contributorId":1782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jennifer","email":"jenwilso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Callender, Edward","contributorId":69535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020869,"text":"70020869 - 1998 - Characterizing ground water flow in the municipal well fields of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, with selected environmental tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-28T23:56:26.195608","indexId":"70020869","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing ground water flow in the municipal well fields of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, with selected environmental tracers","docAbstract":"Cedar Rapids obtains its municipal water supply from a shallow alluvial aquifer along the Cedar River in east‐central Iowa. Water samples were collected and analyzed for selected isotopes and chlorofluorocarbons to characterize the ground‐water flow system near the municipal well fields. Analyses of deuterium and oxygen‐18 indicate that water in the alluvial aquifer and in the underlying carbonate bedrock aquifer was recharged from precipitation during modern climatic conditions. Analyses of tritium indicate modern, post‐1952, water in the alluvial aquifer and older, pre‐1952, water in the bedrock aquifer. Mixing of the modern and older waters occurs in areas where (1) the confining layer between the two aquifers is discontinuous, (2) the bedrock aquifer is fractured, or (3) pumping of supply wells induces the flow of water between aquifers. Analyses of chlorofluorocarbons were used to determine the date of recharge of water samples. Water in the bedrock aquifer likely was recharged prior to the 1950s. Water in the alluvial aquifer likely was recharged from the 1960s to 1990s. Biodegradation or sorption probably affected some of the ground water analyzed for chlorofluorocarbons. These processes reduce the concentrations of CFCs, which results in older than actual calculated dates of recharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb00950.x","usgsCitation":"Boyd, R., 1998, Characterizing ground water flow in the municipal well fields of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, with selected environmental tracers: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 34, no. 3, p. 507-518, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb00950.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"507","endPage":"518","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229720,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"Cedar Rapids","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.81755065917969,\n 41.886432216946986\n ],\n [\n -91.52091979980469,\n 41.886432216946986\n ],\n [\n -91.52091979980469,\n 42.04546841166382\n ],\n [\n -91.81755065917969,\n 42.04546841166382\n ],\n [\n -91.81755065917969,\n 41.886432216946986\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4ffe4b0c8380cd4c01a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyd, Robert A.","contributorId":16491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020199,"text":"70020199 - 1998 - The central and northern Appalachian Basin-a frontier region for coalbed methane development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70020199","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The central and northern Appalachian Basin-a frontier region for coalbed methane development","docAbstract":"The Appalachian basin is the world's second largest coalbed-methane (CBM) producing basin. It has nearly 4000 wells with 1996 annual production at 147.8 billion cubic feet (Bcf). Cumulative CBM production is close to 0.9 trillion cubic feet (Tcf). The Black Warrior Basin of Alabama in the southern Appalachian basin (including a very minor amount from the Cahaba coal field) accounts for about 75% of this annual production and about 75% of the wells, and the remainder comes from the central and northern Appalachian basin. The Southwest Virginia coal field accounts for about 95% of the production from the central and northern parts of the Appalachian basin. Production data and trends imply that several of the Appalachian basin states, except for Alabama and Virginia, are in their infancy with respect to CBM development. Total in-place CBM resources in the central and northern Appalachian basin have been variously estimated at 66 to 76 trillion cubic feet (Tcf), of which an estimated 14.55 Tcf (~ 20%) is technically recoverable according to a 1995 U.S. Geological Survey assessment. For comparison in the Black Warrior basin of the 20 Tcf in-place CBM resources, 2.30 Tcf (~ 12%) is technically recoverable. Because close to 0.9 Tcf of CBM has already been produced from the Black Warrior basin and the proved reserves are about 0.8 Tcf for 1996 [Energy Information Administration (EIA), 1997]. U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, 1996 Annual Report. U.S. Department of Energy DOE/EIA-0216(96), 145 pp.], these data imply that the central and northern Appalachian basin could become increasingly important in the Appalachian basin CBM picture as CBM resources are depleted in the southern Appalachian basin (Black Warrior Basin and Cahaba Coal Field). CBM development in the Appalachian states could decrease the eastern U.S.A.'s dependence on coal for electricity. CBM is expected to provide over the next few decades a virtually untapped source of unconventional fossil fuel in the Appalachian states, where the CBM resources are large and the demand for cleaner fossil-fuel energy is high.The central and northern Appalachian basin could become increasingly important in the Appalachian basin coalbed methane (CBM) picture as CBM resources are depleted in the southern Appalachian basin. Total in-place CBM resources in the central and the northern Appalachian basin have been estimated at 66 to 76 Tcf, of which 14.55 Tcf is technically recoverable.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(98)00033-0","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Lyons, P., 1998, The central and northern Appalachian Basin-a frontier region for coalbed methane development: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 38, no. 1-2, p. 61-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(98)00033-0.","startPage":"61","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206991,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(98)00033-0"},{"id":231510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa0de4b08c986b3226ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, P.C.","contributorId":87285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020638,"text":"70020638 - 1998 - Black shale source rocks and oil generation in the Cambrian and Ordovician of the central Appalachian Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-23T16:34:04.281277","indexId":"70020638","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Black shale source rocks and oil generation in the Cambrian and Ordovician of the central Appalachian Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Nearly 600 million bbl of oil (MMBO) and 1 to 1.5 trillion ft3 (tcf) of gas have been produced from Cambrian and Ordovician reservoirs (carbonate and sandstone) in the Ohio part of the Appalachian basin and on adjoining arches in Ohio, Indiana, and Ontario, Canada. Most of the oil and gas is concentrated in the giant Lima-Indiana field on the Findlay and Kankakee arches and in small fields distributed along the Knox unconformity. Based on new geochemical analyses of oils, potential source rocks, bitumen extracts, and previously published geochemical data, we conclude that the oils in both groups of fields originated from Middle and Upper Ordovician black shale (Utica and Antes shales) in the Appalachian basin. Moreover, we suggest that approximately 300 MMBO and many trillions of cubic feet of gas in the Lower Silurian Clinton sands of eastern Ohio originated in these same source rocks.
Oils from the Cambrian and Ordovician reservoirs have similar saturated hydrocarbon compositions, biomarker distributions, and carbon isotope signatures. Regional variations in the oils are attributed to differences in thermal maturation rather than to differences in source. Total organic carbon content, genetic potential, regional extent, and bitumen extract geochemistry identify the black shale of the Utica and Antes shales as the most plausible source of the oils. Other Cambrian and Ordovician shale and carbonate units, such as the Wells Creek formation, which rests on the Knox unconformity, and the Rome Formation and Conasauga Group in the Rome trough, are considered to be only local petroleum sources. Tmax, CAI, and pyrolysis yields from drill-hole cuttings and core indicate that the Utica Shale in eastern and central Ohio is mature with respect to oil generation. Burial, thermal, and hydrocarbon-generation history models suggest that much of the oil was generated from the Utica-Antes source in the late Paleozoic during the Alleghanian orogeny. A pervasive fracture network controlled by basement tectonics aided in the distribution of oil from the source to the trap. This fracture network permitted oil to move laterally and stratigraphically downsection through eastward-dipping, impermeable carbonate sequences to carrier zones such as the Middle Ordovician Knox unconformity, and to reservoirs such as porous dolomite in the Middle Ordovician Trenton Limestone in the Lima-Indiana field. Some of the oil and gas from the Utica-Antes source escaped vertically through a partially fractured, leaky Upper Ordovician shale seal into widespread Lower Silurian sandstone reservoirs.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK, United States","doi":"10.1306/1D9BC42B-172D-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Ryder, R.T., Burruss, R.C., and Hatch, J.R., 1998, Black shale source rocks and oil generation in the Cambrian and Ordovician of the central Appalachian Basin, USA: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 82, no. 3, p. 412-441, https://doi.org/10.1306/1D9BC42B-172D-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"412","endPage":"441","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231461,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Ohio, Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.70367437441058,\n 39.161847676110966\n ],\n [\n -83.88005376673874,\n 38.74252200514232\n ],\n [\n -83.1599561441444,\n 38.64227211891057\n ],\n [\n -82.38865974012911,\n 38.849325957871486\n ],\n [\n -81.41038430121363,\n 39.297406099259746\n ],\n [\n -80.6644029448496,\n 40.032353876452305\n ],\n [\n -80.49540711272323,\n 40.80604811875986\n ],\n [\n -79.47344729293087,\n 43.772588723474485\n ],\n [\n -81.04208676537056,\n 43.337577130469754\n ],\n [\n -82.47590595449462,\n 42.754178182808545\n ],\n [\n -83.11565831279626,\n 42.2408992907873\n ],\n [\n -83.53546282050165,\n 41.65261558342917\n ],\n [\n -84.83900205079425,\n 41.678467485609616\n ],\n [\n -84.70367437441058,\n 39.161847676110966\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1dbe4b0c8380cd4ae72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, Robert T. rryder@usgs.gov","contributorId":119319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert","email":"rryder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":386967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burruss, Robert C 0000-0001-6827-804X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":119735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatch, Joseph R. 0000-0001-9257-0278 jrhatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-0278","contributorId":722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Joseph","email":"jrhatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020678,"text":"70020678 - 1998 - Late Pleistocene C4 plant dominance and summer rainfall in the southwestern United States from isotopic study of herbivore teeth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70020678","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene C4 plant dominance and summer rainfall in the southwestern United States from isotopic study of herbivore teeth","docAbstract":"Patterns of climate and C4 plant abundance in the southwestern United States during the last glaciation were evaluated from isotopic study of herbivore tooth enamel. Enamel ??13C values revealed a substantial eastward increase in C4 plant consumption for Mammuthus spp., Bison spp., Equus spp., and Camelops spp. The ??13C values were greatest in Bison spp. (-6.9 to + 1.7???) and Mammuthus spp. (-9.0 to +0.3???), and in some locales indicated C4-dominated grazing. The ??13C values of Antilocaprids were lowest among taxa (-12.5 to -7.9???) and indicated C3 feeding at all sites. On the basis of modern correlations between climate and C4 grass abundance, the enamel data imply significant summer rain in parts of southern Arizona and New Mexico throughout the last glaciation. Enamel ??18O values range from +19.0 to +31.0??? and generally increase to the east. This pattern could point to a tropical or subtropical source of summer rainfall. At a synoptic scale, the isotope data indicate that interactions of seasonal moisture, temperature, and lowered atmospheric pCO2 determined glacial-age C4 abundance patterns.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.1998.1986","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Connin, S., Betancourt, J., and Quade, J., 1998, Late Pleistocene C4 plant dominance and summer rainfall in the southwestern United States from isotopic study of herbivore teeth: Quaternary Research, v. 50, no. 2, p. 179-193, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.1986.","startPage":"179","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206849,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.1986"},{"id":230957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4506e4b0c8380cd66f89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connin, S.L.","contributorId":90497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connin","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, J.","contributorId":63768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quade, Jay","contributorId":22108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quade","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":387095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020704,"text":"70020704 - 1998 - Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology of Cambrian to Triassic miogeoclinal and eugeoclinal strata of Sonora, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T16:00:58.023596","indexId":"70020704","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology of Cambrian to Triassic miogeoclinal and eugeoclinal strata of Sonora, Mexico","docAbstract":"One hundred and eighty two individual detrital zircon grains from Cambrian through Permian miogeoclinal strata, Ordovician eugeoclinal rocks, and Triassic post-orogenic sediments in northwestern Sonora have been analyzed. During Cambrian, Devonian, Permian, and Triassic time, most zircons accumulating along this part of the Cordilleran margin were shed from 1.40–1.45 and 1.62–1.78 Ga igneous rocks that are widespread in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Zircons with ages of approximately 1.11 Ga are common in Cambrian strata and were apparently shed from granite bodies near the sample site. The sources of 225–280 Ma zircons in our Triassic sample are more problematic, as few igneous rocks of these ages are recognized in northwestern Mexico. Such sources may be present but unrecognized, or the grains could have been derived from igneous rocks of the appropriate ages to the northwest in the Mojave Desert region, to the east in Chihuahua and Coahuila, or to the south in accreted(?) arc-type terranes. Because the zircon grains in our Cambrian and Devonian to Triassic samples could have accumulated in proximity to basement rocks near their present position or in the Death Valley region of southern California, our data do not support or refute the existence of the Mojave-Sonora megashear. Ordovician strata of both miogeoclinal and eugeoclinal affinity are dominated by >1.77 Ga detrital zircons, which are considerably older than most basement rocks in the region. Zircon grains in the miogeoclinal sample were apparently derived from the Peace River arch area of northwestern Canada and transported southward by longshore currents. The eugeoclinal grains may also have come from the Peace River arch region, with southward transport by either sedimentary or tectonic processes, or they may have been shed from off-shelf slivers of continents (perhaps Antarctica?) removed from the Cordilleran margin during Neoproterozoic rifting. It is also possible that the Ordovician eugeoclinal strata are far traveled and exotic to North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB03251","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Gehrels, G.E., and Stewart, J., 1998, Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology of Cambrian to Triassic miogeoclinal and eugeoclinal strata of Sonora, Mexico: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. B2, p. 2471-2487, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB03251.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2471","endPage":"2487","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489099,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97jb03251","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231424,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-02-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fffde4b0c8380cd4f500","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gehrels, G. E.","contributorId":9660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehrels","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, John H.","contributorId":14383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020413,"text":"70020413 - 1998 - Chemistry of unsaturated zone gases sampled in open boreholes at the crest of Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Data and basic concepts of chemical and physical processes in the mountain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T10:24:08","indexId":"70020413","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry of unsaturated zone gases sampled in open boreholes at the crest of Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Data and basic concepts of chemical and physical processes in the mountain","docAbstract":"Boreholes open to the unsaturated zone at the crest of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, were variously sampled for CO2 (including 13C and 14C), CH4, N2, O2, Ar, CFC-11, CFC-12, and CFC-113 from 1986 to 1993. Air enters the mountain in outcrops, principally on the eastern slope, is enriched in CO2by mixing with soil gas, and is advected to the mountain crest, where it returns to the atmosphere. The CFC data indicate that travel times of the advecting gas in the shallow Tiva Canyon hydrogeologic unit are ≤5 years. The 14C activities are postbomb to depths of 100 m, indicating little retardation of 14CO2 in the shallow flow systems. The 14C activities from 168 to 404 m in the Topopah Spring hydrogeologic unit are 85–90 pMC at borehole USW-UZ6. The CFC data show that the drilling of USW-UZ6 in 1984 has altered the natural system by providing a conduit through the Paintbrush Nonwelded unit, allowing flow from Topopah Spring outcrops in Solitario Canyon on the west to USW-UZ6, upward in the borehole through the Paintbrush, to the shallow Tiva Canyon flow systems, and out of the mountain.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR00267","usgsCitation":"Thorstenson, D.C., Weeks, E.P., Haas, H., Busenberg, E., Plummer, N., and Peters, C.A., 1998, Chemistry of unsaturated zone gases sampled in open boreholes at the crest of Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Data and basic concepts of chemical and physical processes in the mountain: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 6, p. 1507-1529, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR00267.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1507","endPage":"1529","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98wr00267","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5aee4b0c8380cd4c371","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorstenson, Donald C.","contributorId":107323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorstenson","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weeks, Edwin P. epweeks@usgs.gov","contributorId":2576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"Edwin","email":"epweeks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":386145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haas, Herbert","contributorId":39794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haas","given":"Herbert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peters, Charles A. capeters@usgs.gov","contributorId":214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Charles","email":"capeters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":386144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70020355,"text":"70020355 - 1998 - Degradation of chloroacetanilide herbicides: The prevalence of sulfonic and oxanilic acid metabolites in Iowa groundwaters and surface waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-06T06:44:08","indexId":"70020355","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Degradation of chloroacetanilide herbicides: The prevalence of sulfonic and oxanilic acid metabolites in Iowa groundwaters and surface waters","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected from 88 municipal wells throughout Iowa during the summer and were collected monthly at 12 stream sites in eastern Iowa from March to December 1996 to study the occurrence of the sulfonic and oxanilic metabolites of acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor. The sulfonic and oxanilic metabolites were present in almost 75% of the groundwater samples and were generally present from 3 to 45 times more frequently than their parent compounds. In groundwater, the median value of the summed concentrations of acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor was less than 0.05 μg/L, and the median value of the summed concentrations of the six metabolites was 1.2 μg/L. All surface water samples contained at least one detectable metabolite compound. Individual metabolites were detected from 2 to over 100 times more frequently than the parent compounds. In surface water, the median value of the summed concentrations of the three parent compounds was 0.13 μg/L, and the median value of the summed concentrations of the six metabolites was 6.4 μg/L. These data demonstrate the importance of analyzing both parent compounds and metabolites to more fully understand the environmental fate and transport of herbicides in the hydrologic system.
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dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferrer, I.","contributorId":97260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrer","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barcelo, D.","contributorId":24107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barcelo","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020263,"text":"70020263 - 1998 - Coalbed methane resource potential and current prospects in Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70020263","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coalbed methane resource potential and current prospects in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Coalbed methane gas content analyses from exploratory coal cores and existing data indicate that gas content generally increases with increasing depth and rank. The coal beds studied are from the Main Bituminous field of Pennsylvania (which currently contains 24 coalbed methane pools) and the Northern and Southern Anthracite coal fields. They range from the Middle Pennsylvanian Allegheny Group to the Late Pennsylvanian-Early Permian Dunkard Group. Previous US Bureau of Mines studies revealed gas contents from 0.4 to 13.8 cm3/g at depths of 99 to 432 m for the bituminous coal beds of the Allegheny Group. More recent core data from the Allegheny Group yielded gas contents from 2.2 to 8.9 cm3/g at depths from 167 to 387 m. In the Anthracite region of eastern Pennsylvania, the little data that are available show that gas content is anomalously high or low. Gas yields from test holes in eastern Pennsylvania are low with or without artificial stimulation mainly due to the lack of a good cleat system. Overall estimates of coalbed methane resources indicate there may be 1.7 Tm3 (61 Tcf) of gas-in-place contained in the Northern Appalachian coal basin. The amount of technically recoverable coalbed methane resources is projected by the US Geological Survey National Oil and Gas Resource Assessment Team [US Geological Survey National Oil and Gas Resource Assessment Team, 1996. 1995 National assessment of United States oil and gas resources-results, methodology, and supporting data, US Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-30, CD-ROM, Denver, CO, 80 pp.] and Lyons [Lyons, P.C., 1997. Central-northern Appalachian coalbed methane flow grows. Oil and Gas Journal 95 (27) 76-79] at 0.3 Tm3 (11.48 Tcf). This includes portions of Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, and a small part of Maryland. Consequently, a mapping investigation was conducted to evaluate the regional geology of the bituminous coal-bearing intervals in southwestern Pennsylvania and its influence on coalbed methane potential. Phase I of this study involved the entire Pennsylvanian coal-bearing interval of southwestern Pennsylvania. Phase II focused on a stratigraphic delineation and evaluation of Allegheny Group coal beds and associated sandstones. Several prospective coal beds and associated facies relationships with channel-fill sandstones were determined. Possible non-coal scenarios for coalbed methane include erosional contacts between coal beds and overlying channel-fill sandstones and areas of stacked channel-fill sandstones. Repetitive sequences of coal accumulation are stacked, commonly with shale interburden, and are also potential coalbed methane targets. Additional Pennsylvania Geological Survey drilling/coalbed methane sampling occurred in Armstrong, Beaver, Cambria, Greene, Lawrence, Somerset, and Washington Counties. Raw coalbed methane desorption data tables/graphical displays of gas contents versus depth, thickness, and time, and average composition and heating values from coal beds of the Allegheny Group to the Dunkard Group are available at the Pennsylvania Geological Survey. Further information on cross-sections, isopleth maps, isopach maps, raw drillhole data, and ownership issues can also be obtained from the same source.A mapping of the regional geology of the bituminous coal-bearing intervals in southwestern Pennsylvania reveal several prospective coal beds and associated facies relationships with channel-fill sandstones. Possible non-coal scenarios for coalbed methane include erosional contacts between coalbeds and overlying channel-fill sandstones and areas of stacked channel-fill sandstones. Repetitive sequences of coal accumulation are stacked, commonly with shale interburden. and are also potential coalbed methane targets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(98)00036-6","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Markowski, A., 1998, Coalbed methane resource potential and current prospects in Pennsylvania: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 38, no. 1-2, p. 137-159, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(98)00036-6.","startPage":"137","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206902,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(98)00036-6"},{"id":231168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f76ee4b0c8380cd4cafb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markowski, A.K.","contributorId":31149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markowski","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020797,"text":"70020797 - 1998 - New seismic images of the cascadia subduction zone from cruise SO 108-ORWELL","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:12:59","indexId":"70020797","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New seismic images of the cascadia subduction zone from cruise SO 108-ORWELL","docAbstract":"In April and May 1996, a geophysical study of the Cascadia continental margin off Oregon and Washington was conducted aboard the German R/V Sonne. This cooperative experiment by GEOMAR and the USGS acquired wide-angle reflection and refraction seismic data, using ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) and hydrophones (OBH), and multichannel seismic reflection (MCS) data. The main goal of this experiment was to investigate the internal structure and associated earthquake hazard of the Cascadia subduction zone and to image the downgoing plate. Coincident MCS and wide-angle profiles along two tracks are presented here. The plate boundary has been imaged precisely beneath the wide accretionary wedge close to shore at c13km depth. Thus, the downgoing plate dips more shallowly than previously assumed. The dip of the plate changes from 2?? to 4?? at the eastern boundary of the wedge on the northern profile, whereas approximately 3km of sediment is entering the subduction zone. On the southern profile, where the incoming sedimentary section is about 2.2km thick, the plate dips about 0.5?? to 1.5?? near the deformation front and increases to 3.5?? further landwards. On both profiles, the deformation of the accretionary wedge has produced six ridges on the seafloor, three of which represent active faulting, as indicated by growth folding. The ridges are bordered by landward verging faults which reach as deep as the top of the oceanic basement. Thus, the entire incoming sediment package is being accreted. At least two phases of accretion are evident, and the rocks of the older accretionary phase(s) forms the backstop for the younger phase, which started around 1.5 Ma ago. This documents that the 30 to 50km wide frontal part of the accretionary wedge, which is characterized by landward vergent thrusts, is a Pleistocene feature which was formed in response to the high input of sediment building the fans during glacial periods. Velocities increase quite rapidly within the wedge, both landward and downward. At the toe of the deformation front, velocities are higher than 4.0 km/s, indicating extensive dewatering of deep, oceanic sediment. Further landward, considerable velocity variation is found, which indicates major breaks throughout the accretionary history.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00091-2","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Flueh, E., Fisher, M.A., Bialas, J., Childs, J., Klaeschen, D., Kukowski, N., Parsons, T., Scholl, D., ten Brink, U., Trehu, A., and Vidal, N., 1998, New seismic images of the cascadia subduction zone from cruise SO 108-ORWELL: Tectonophysics, v. 293, no. 1-2, p. 69-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00091-2.","productDescription":"16 p. ","startPage":"69","endPage":"84","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia subduction zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -129,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 52\n ],\n [\n -129,\n 52\n ],\n [\n -129,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"293","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6610e4b0c8380cd72cef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flueh, E.R.","contributorId":65627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flueh","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bialas, J.","contributorId":19315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bialas","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Childs, J.R.","contributorId":63011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klaeschen, D.","contributorId":88895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaeschen","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kukowski, Nina","contributorId":94056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kukowski","given":"Nina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Scholl, D.W.","contributorId":106461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Trehu, A.M.","contributorId":90754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trehu","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Vidal, N.","contributorId":43514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidal","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70021039,"text":"70021039 - 1998 - 40Ar/39Ar age of the Manson impact structure, Iowa, and correlative impact ejecta in the Crow Creek member of the Pierre Shale (Upper Cretaceous), South Dakota and Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T12:24:51.240061","indexId":"70021039","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"40Ar/39Ar age of the Manson impact structure, Iowa, and correlative impact ejecta in the Crow Creek member of the Pierre Shale (Upper Cretaceous), South Dakota and Nebraska","docAbstract":"A set of 34 laser total-fusion 40Ar/39Ar analyses of sanidine from a melt layer in crater-fill deposits of the Manson impact structure in Iowa has a weighted-mean age of 74.1 ± 0.1 Ma. This age is about 9.0 m.y. older than 40Ar/39Ar ages of shocked microcline from the Manson impact structure reported previously by others. The 74.1 Ma age of the sanidine, which is a melt product of Precambrian microcline clasts, indicates that the Manson impact structure played no part in the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) mass extinction at 64.5 Ma. Moreover, incremental-heating 40Ar/39Ar ages of the sanidine show that it is essentially free of excess 40Ar and has not been influenced by postcrystallization heating or alteration. An age spectrum of the matrix of the melt layer shows effects of 39Ar recoil, including older ages in the low-temperature increments and younger ages in the high-temperature increments. At 17 places in eastern South Dakota and Nebraska, shocked quartz and feldspar grains are concentrated in the lower part of the Crow Creek Member of the Pierre Shale (Upper Cretaceous). The grains are largest (3.2 mm) in southeastern South Dakota and decrease in size (0.45 mm) to the northwest, consistent with the idea that the Manson impact structure was their source. The ubiquitous presence of shocked grains concentrated in a thin calcarenite at the base of the Crow Creek Member suggests it is an event bed recording an instant of geologic time. Ammonites below and above the Crow Creek Member limit its age to the zone of Didymoceras nebrascense of earliest late Campanian age. Plagioclase from a bentonite bed in this zone in Colorado has a 40Ar/39Ar age of 74.1 ± 0.1 Ma commensurate with our sanidine age of 74.1 Ma for the Manson impact structure. 40Ar/39Ar ages of bentonite beds below and above the Crow Creek are consistent with our 74.1 ± 0.1 Ma age for the Manson impact structure and limit its age to the interval ±74.5 0.1 to 73.8 ± 0.1 Ma. Recently, two origins for the Crow Creek have been proposed—eastward transgression of the Late Cretaceous sea and a Manson impact-triggered tsunami. We conclude that most data are in accord with an impact origin for the Crow Creek Member and are at odds with the marine transgression hypothesis.
We examine relocated seismicity within a 30-km-wide crustal block containing San Francisco Bay and bounded by two major right-lateral strike-slip fault systems, the Hayward and San Andreas faults, to determine seismicity distribution, source character, and possible relationship to proposed faults. Well-located low-level seismicity (Md ≦ 3.0) has occurred persistently within this block throughout the recording interval (1969 to 1995), with the highest levels of activity occurring along or directly adjacent to (within ∼5 km) the bounding faults and falling off toward the long axis of the bay. The total seismic moment release within the interior of the Bay block since 1969 is equivalent to one ML 3.8 earthquake, one to two orders of magnitude lower than activity along and within 5 km of the bounding faults. Focal depths of reliably located events within the Bay block are generally less than 13 km with most seismicity in the depth range of 7 to 12 km, similar to focal depths along both the adjacent portions of the San Andreas and Hayward faults. Focal mechanisms for Md 2 to 3 events within the Bay block mimic focal mechanisms along the adjacent San Andreas fault zone and in the East Bay, suggesting that Bay block is responding to a similar regional stress field. Two potential seismic source zones have been suggested within the Bay block. Our hypocentral depths and focal mechanisms suggest that a proposed subhorizontal detachment fault 15 to 18 km beneath the Bay is not seismically active. Several large-scale linear NW-trending aeromagnetic anomalies within the Bay block were previously suggested to represent large through-going subvertical fault zones. The two largest earthquakes (both Md 3.0) in the Bay block since 1969 occur near two of these large-scale linear aeromagnetic anomalies; both have subvertical nodal planes with right-lateral slip subparallel to the magnetic anomalies, suggesting that structures related to the anomalies may be capable of brittle failure. Geodetic, focal mechanism and seismicity data all suggest the Bay block is responding elastically to the same regional stresses affecting the bounding faults; however, continuous Holocene reflectors across the proposed fault zones suggest that if the magnetic anomalies represent basement fault zones, then these faults must have recurrence times one to several orders of magnitude longer than on the bounding faults.
Many amphibians breed in water but live most of their lives in terrestrial habitats. Little is known, however, about the spatial distribution of these habitats or of the distances and directions amphibians move to reach breeding sites. The amphibian community at a small, temporary pond in northcentral Florida was monitored for 5 years. Based on captures and recaptures of more than 2500 striped newts (Notophthalmus perstriatus) and 5700 eastern narrow-mouthed toads (Gastrophryne carolinensis), we tabulated the angles of orientation that these amphibians entered and exited the pond basin. Our results showed that movements of these species between the pond and terrestrial habitats were nonrandom in orientation, but that narrow corridors did not appear to be used. Differences between the species likely reflect differences in habitat preferences, whereas intraspecific differences among years and between the sexes likely reflect variation among individuals. For terrestrial buffer zones to be effective at conserving pond-breeding amphibian communities, they need both a distance and a directional component. The determination of a directional component may be obscured if studies are carried out over a short time span. Conservation efforts for wetland-breeding amphibians that concentrate solely on the wetland likely will fail without consideration of the adjacent terrestrial habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.97183.x","issn":"08888892","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C., and Cade, B., 1998, Movement patterns and the conservation of amphibians breeding in small, temporary wetlands: Conservation Biology, v. 12, no. 2, p. 331-339, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.97183.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"339","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Putnam County","otherGeospatial":"Breezeway Pond","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.95662307562839,\n 29.696250615108752\n ],\n [\n -81.95662307562839,\n 29.693652539858803\n ],\n [\n -81.95341602191513,\n 29.693652539858803\n ],\n [\n -81.95341602191513,\n 29.696250615108752\n ],\n [\n -81.95662307562839,\n 29.696250615108752\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f2ae4b0c8380cd70de6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180696,"text":"70180696 - 1998 - Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in polar bears from eastern Russia, North America, Greenland, and Svalbard: Biomonitoring of Arctic pollution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-19T16:12:39","indexId":"70180696","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in polar bears from eastern Russia, North America, Greenland, and Svalbard: Biomonitoring of Arctic pollution","docAbstract":"Adipose tissue samples from polar bears (Ursus maritimus) were obtained by necropsy or biopsy between the spring of 1989 to the spring of 1993 from Wrangel Island in Russia, most of the range of the bear in North America, eastern Greenland, and Svalbard. Samples were divided into 16 regions corresponding as much as possible to known stocks or management zones. Concentrations of dieldrin (DIEL), 4,4'-DDE (DDE), sum of 16 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (sigma PCB), and sum of 11 chlordane-related compounds and metabolites (sigma CHL) were determined. In order to minimize the effect of age, only data for adults (320 bears age 5 years and older) was used to compare concentrations among regions. Concentrations of sigma PCB were 46% higher in adult males than females, and there was no significant trend with age. Concentrations of sigma CHL were 30% lower in adult males than females. Concentrations of sigma PCB, sigma CHL, and DDE in individual adult female bears were standardized to adult males using factors derived from the least-square means of each sex category, and geometric means of the standardized concentrations on a lipid weight basis were compared among regions. Median geometric mean standardized concentrations (lipid weight basis) and ranges among regions were as follows: sigma PCB, 5,942 (2,763-24,316) micrograms/kg; sigma CHL, 1,952 (727-4,632) micrograms/kg; DDE, 219 (52-560) micrograms/kg; DIEL, 157 (31-335) micrograms/kg. Geometric mean sigma PCB concentrations in bears from Svalbard, East Greenland, and the Arctic Ocean near Prince Patrick Island in Canada were similar (20,256-24,316 micrograms/kg) and significantly higher than most other areas. Atmospheric, oceanic, and ice transport, as well as ecological factors may contribute to these high concentrations of sigma PCB. sigma CHL was more uniformly distributed among regions than the other CHCs. Highest sigma CHL concentrations were found in southeastern Hudson Bay, which also had the highest DDE and DIEL concentrations. In general, concentrations of sigma CHL, DDE, and DIEL were higher in eastern than western regions, suggesting an influence of North American sources. Average sigma PCB concentrations in bears from the Canadian Arctic were similar to those in 1982-84, while average sigma CHL and DDE concentrations were 35-44% lower and DIEL was 90% lower. However, the significance of these temporal trends during the 1980s is not conclusive because of the problems of comparability of data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002449900387","usgsCitation":"Norstrom, R.J., Belikov, S., Born, E., Garner, G., Malone, B., Olpinski, S., Ramsay, M., Schliebe, S., Stirling, I., Sitshov, M., Taylor, M., and Wiig, Ø., 1998, Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in polar bears from eastern Russia, North America, Greenland, and Svalbard: Biomonitoring of Arctic pollution: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 35, no. 2, p. 354-367, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900387.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"354","endPage":"367","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Denmark, Norway, United States, Russia","otherGeospatial":"Arctic, Greenland, Svalbard","volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0b9e4b072a7ac129936","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norstrom, R. J.","contributorId":69936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norstrom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belikov, Stanislav","contributorId":19513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belikov","given":"Stanislav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Born, E.W.","contributorId":7508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Born","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garner, G.W.","contributorId":80218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Malone, B.","contributorId":179004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":28152,"text":"Malone Associates, Ottawa, Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olpinski, S.","contributorId":179003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olpinski","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":28153,"text":"Makivik Corporation, Kuujuaq Research Centre, Kuujuaq, Quebec","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ramsay, M.A.","contributorId":179005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramsay","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13248,"text":"University of Saskatchewan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schliebe, S.","contributorId":27818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schliebe","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stirling, I.","contributorId":103615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sitshov, M.S.","contributorId":179006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sitshov","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13276,"text":"Wrangel Island State Nature Reserve","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Taylor, M.K.","contributorId":33986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wiig, Øystein","contributorId":13469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiig","given":"Øystein","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":22061,"text":"ofr98360 - 1998 - Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Akutan Volcano, east-central Aleutian Islands, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T20:26:43.652431","indexId":"ofr98360","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-360","title":"Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Akutan Volcano, east-central Aleutian Islands, Alaska","docAbstract":"Akutan Volcano is a 1100-meter-high stratovolcano on Akutan Island in the east-central Aleutian Islands of southwestern Alaska. The volcano is located about 1238 kilometers southwest of Anchorage and about 56 kilometers east of Dutch Harbor/Unalaska. Eruptive activity has occurred at least 27 times since historical observations were recorded beginning in the late 1700's. Recent eruptions produced only small amounts of fine volcanic ash that fell primarily on the upper flanks of the volcano. Small amounts of ash fell on the Akutan Harbor area during eruptions in 1911, 1948, 1987, and 1989. Plumes of volcanic ash are the primary hazard associated with eruptions of Akutan Volcano and are a major hazard to all aircraft using the airfield at Dutch Harbor or approaching Akutan Island. Eruptions similar to historical Akutan eruptions should be anticipated in the future. Although unlikely, eruptions larger than those of historical time could generate significant amounts of volcanic ash, fallout, pyroclastic flows, and lahars that would be hazardous to life and property on all sectors of the volcano and other parts of the island, but especially in the major valleys that head on the volcano flanks. During a large eruption an ash cloud could be produced that may be hazardous to aircraft using the airfield at Cold Bay and the airspace downwind from the volcano. In the event of a large eruption, volcanic ash fallout could be relatively thick over parts of Akutan Island and volcanic bombs could strike areas more than 10 kilometers from the volcano.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98360","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., Power, J.A., Richter, D.H., and McGimsey, R.G., 1998, Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Akutan Volcano, east-central Aleutian Islands, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-360, Report: v, 36 p.; 1 Plate: 46.01 x 22.74 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98360.","productDescription":"Report: v, 36 p.; 1 Plate: 46.01 x 22.74 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410884,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0360/plate-1-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410883,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0360/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":395569,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19104.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":153019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0360/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Akutan Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.18194580078125,\n 54.02713344412541\n ],\n [\n -165.673828125,\n 54.02713344412541\n ],\n [\n -165.673828125,\n 54.220284882124005\n ],\n [\n -166.18194580078125,\n 54.220284882124005\n ],\n [\n -166.18194580078125,\n 54.02713344412541\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db658733","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":186915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richter, Donlad H.","contributorId":91891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Donlad","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014795,"text":"1014795 - 1998 - Occurrence of Loma cf salmonae brook, brown and rainbow trout from Buford Trout Hatchery, Georgia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-07T13:15:03.885048","indexId":"1014795","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of Loma cf salmonae brook, brown and rainbow trout from Buford Trout Hatchery, Georgia, USA","docAbstract":"During a 6 mo study of moribund trout from Buford hatchery, Buford, Georgia, USA, a Loma cf. salmonae microsporidian parasite was studied in the gills of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, brown trout Salmo trutta, and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. This parasite was morphologically similar to L. salmonae and L. fontinalis but differed in spore size. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that xenomas were embedded in gill filaments. Transmission electron micrographs prepared from fresh tissue showed mature spores with 12 to 15 turns of their polar tube. Spore diameters for the Georgia strain from formalin-fixed gill tissues measured 3.5 (SD ±0.1) by 1.8 (SD ±0.1) µm. Electron micrographs of formalin-fixed, deparaffinized tissues of rainbow trout from Pennsylvania and West Virginia show spores with a diameter of 3.5 (±0.2) by 1.7 (±0.1) µm and 3.4 (±0.2) by 1.8 (±0.1) µm, respectively. Transmission electron micrographs of spores from Pennsylvania and West Virginia show that mature spores from both states had 13 to 15 turns of their polar tubes. Measurements from transmission electron micrographs prepared from alcohol-fixed tissues from Virginia fish contained spores with a diameter of 3.0 (±0.3) by 1.1 (±0.3) µm and 12 to 15 turns of their polar tubes. These measurements are consistent with L. salmonae and therefore suggest that the parasite is present on the east coast of the United States. During the height of the Georgia epizootic, the percentage of fish with observed xenomas reached 62.2% (N = 87), and the highest number of xenomas counted per 10 gill filaments was 133 (N = 87). The microsporidian epizootic occurred either during the autumn months or when intake river water quality reached combined iron-manganese concentrations as high as 1.01 (mean 0.44, SD ±0.42) mg-1.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao034211","usgsCitation":"Bader, J., Shotts, E.B., Steffens, W., and Lom, J., 1998, Occurrence of Loma cf salmonae brook, brown and rainbow trout from Buford Trout Hatchery, Georgia, USA: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 34, no. 3, p. 211-216, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao034211.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489777,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao034211","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131050,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af7e4b07f02db693b6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bader, J.A.","contributorId":18704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bader","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shotts, E. B. Jr.","contributorId":102414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shotts","given":"E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steffens, W.L.","contributorId":75803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steffens","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lom, J.","contributorId":83879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lom","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":7000020,"text":"7000020 - 1998 - Glimpses of the Ice Age from I-81: Lee Ranger District","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-04T08:46:50","indexId":"7000020","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"subseriesTitle":"Geologic wonders of the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests, No. 1","title":"Glimpses of the Ice Age from I-81: Lee Ranger District","docAbstract":"Travelers on Interstate Highway 81 can see remnants of the Ice Age on the mountains between Strasburg and Harrisonburg, Virginia. Scattered along the miles of green, forested mountains are many gray patches without any forests. These treeless patches, or openings, in the steep mountain forests are block fields - geologic features that owe their origin to the Ice Age.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/7000020","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, and U.S. Forest Service, 1998, Glimpses of the Ice Age from I-81: Lee Ranger District: General Interest Publication, Pamphlet: 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000020.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300867,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/7000020.jpg"},{"id":300859,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/i81/i81.pdf","text":"report","size":"172 K","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"report"},{"id":18592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/i81/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Passage Creek, Woodstock Tower","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.30986022949217,\n 38.94125285438687\n ],\n [\n -78.30986022949217,\n 38.966382907015735\n ],\n [\n -78.28707218170166,\n 38.966382907015735\n ],\n [\n -78.28707218170166,\n 38.94125285438687\n ],\n [\n -78.30986022949217,\n 38.94125285438687\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.5059404373169,\n 38.87189044926606\n ],\n [\n -78.5059404373169,\n 38.88224734948839\n ],\n [\n -78.46392631530762,\n 38.88224734948839\n ],\n [\n -78.46392631530762,\n 38.87189044926606\n ],\n [\n -78.5059404373169,\n 38.87189044926606\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674dfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":547770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"U.S. Forest Service","contributorId":128067,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Forest Service","id":547771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020732,"text":"70020732 - 1998 - Tsivat Basin conduit system persists through two surges, Bering Piedmont Glacier, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T13:25:59.0231","indexId":"70020732","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tsivat Basin conduit system persists through two surges, Bering Piedmont Glacier, Alaska","docAbstract":"The 1993–1995 surge of Bering Glacier, Alaska, occurred in two distinct phases. Phase 1 of the surge began on the eastern sector in July, 1993 and ended in July, 1994 after a powerful outburst of subglacial meltwater into Tsivat Lake basin on the north side of Weeping Peat Island. Within days, jökulhlaup discharge built a 1.5 km2 delta of ice blocks (25–30 m) buried in outwash. By late October 1994, discharge temporarily shifted to a vent on Weeping Peat Island, where a second smaller outburst dissected the island and built two new sandar. During phase 2, which began in spring 1995 and ended within five months, continuous discharge issued from several vents along the ice front on Weeping Peat Island before returning to the Tsivat Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<0877:TBCSPT>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Fleisher, P., Cadwell, D., and Muller, E., 1998, Tsivat Basin conduit system persists through two surges, Bering Piedmont Glacier, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 110, no. 7, p. 877-887, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<0877:TBCSPT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"877","endPage":"887","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231237,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Piedmont Glacier","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147.39247492816136,\n 63.2991286669656\n ],\n [\n -147.39247492816136,\n 59.807561616451096\n ],\n [\n -140.1854436781614,\n 59.807561616451096\n ],\n [\n -140.1854436781614,\n 63.2991286669656\n ],\n [\n -147.39247492816136,\n 63.2991286669656\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8a3e4b08c986b32799e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleisher, P.J.","contributorId":70664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleisher","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cadwell, D.H.","contributorId":97552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cadwell","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muller, E. H.","contributorId":35350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"E.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2002250,"text":"2002250 - 1998 - Distribution and ecology of the big-eared bat, Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii in Californa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-30T13:22:38","indexId":"2002250","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Distribution and ecology of the big-eared bat, Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii in Californa","docAbstract":"This study had two primary objectives: to conduct roost surveys C. townsendii in two parts of California where distributional information was most limited or lacking, and to obtain information on roosting and foraging ecology in two distinctly different habitats. This project was urgently needed because 1) recent California Department of Fish and Game surveys (conducted in 1987-1991) documented significant population declines in most surveyed areas, 2) distribution was still unknown in areas with suitable roosting habitat, and 30 the impact of various land management practices (e.g. prescribed fire, timber, harvest, agriculture, and grazing) on foraging behavior was unknown.
\nA total of 95 abandoned mines, 18 caves, 11 man-made water tunnels, and 7 buildings were surveys for bats. Twenty-pne structures (twelve caves and nine mines) showed significant use by C. townsendii. Eleven are located in the western Sierra Nevada foothills, and ten in the Trinity Mountain area, Six maternity colonies, ranging in size from 48 to about 250 adult females, were identifies. Three were in caves, and three were in mines.
\nDistribution for this species is somewhat patchy, and appears to be limited by the availability of roosting habitat. Historic and recent records would suggest that populations are concentrated in areas with abundant caves (especially the large lava flows in the northeastern portion of the state and karstic regions in the Sierra Nevada and Trinity Alps) or extensive abandoned mine working (particularly in the desert regions to the east and southeast of the Sierra Nevada).
\nRadiotracking studies were conducted in two different habitats: 1) coastal forest (California bay, Douglas fir, and redwood) and grazed grassland at Pt. Reyes National Seashore, and 2) a mixture of scrub (with juniper and mountain mahogany) and ponderosa pine forest at Lava Beds National Monument. At Point Reyes they study colony resided in an abandoned ranch house, and at Lava Beds in a lava tube. In both settings the animals showed considerable loyalty to their roost sites even though the study was conducted after the nursery season had ended; females traveled greater distances than males to forage; and all the animals foraged in close association with vegetation -- in the vegetated gullies and redwood forest at Pt. Reyes, and in the vegetated lava trenches, near juniper or mountain mahogany, and with the stands of ponderosa pine at Lava Beds.
\nGenetic variation was preliminarily examined for three populations using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites -- two populations within the zone of intergradation between the two subspecies, C. t. townsendii and C. t. pallescens, and one population from the range of C. t. pallescens. These three populations were sufficiently distinct genetically to suggest that these techniques would be appropriated for addressing a wide range of questions for this species, including population differentiation, gene flow and mating systems.
\nMost maternity populations appear to be declining in numbers, and many historic colonies no longer exist. The primary threat to this species appears to be human disturbance at roost sites, particularly recreational caving, renewed mining in old mining districts, and reclamation of abandoned mines for hazard abatement.
","language":"English","publisher":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","publisherLocation":"Sacremento, CA","collaboration":"Prepared for: Department of the Interiors U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division Species at Risk Program Fiscal Year 1998","usgsCitation":"Pierson, E.D., and Fellers, G.M., 1998, Distribution and ecology of the big-eared bat, Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii in Californa, i, 90 p.","productDescription":"i, 90 p.","numberOfPages":"95","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.0,32.0 ], [ -125.0,43.0 ], [ -115.0,43.0 ], [ -115.0,32.0 ], [ -125.0,32.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a181","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierson, Elizabeth D.","contributorId":48139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53942,"text":"53942 - 1998 - Selecting habitat management strategies on refuges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T13:54:47","indexId":"53942","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"1998-0003","title":"Selecting habitat management strategies on refuges","docAbstract":"This report is a joint effort of the Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) to provide National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) managers guidance on the selection and evaluation of habitat management strategies to meet stated objectives. The FWS recently completed a handbook on writing refuge management goals and objectives (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1996a). the National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 requires that National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS) lands be managed according to approved Comprehensive Conservation Plans to guide management decisions and devise strategies for achieving refuge unit purposes and meeting the NWRS mission. It is expected that over the next several years most refuges will develop new or revised refuge goals and objectives for directing their habitat management strategies. This paper outlines the steps we recommend in selecting and evaluating habitat management strategies to meet specific refuge habitat objectives. We selected two examples to illustrate the process. Although each refuge is unique and will require specific information and solutions, these two examples can be used as guidance when selecting and evaluating habitat management strategies for other refuge resources: Example 1. Management of floodplain woods habitat for forest interior birds. The biological recourse of concern is the quality and quantity of floodplain woods habitat for eastern forest interior birds in the Cypress Creek NWR (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1996b). Example 2. Management of habitat for biodiversity: Historical landscape proportions. The biological resource of concern is the change in diversity associated with man-induced changes in the distribution and abundance of habitat types at the Minnesota Valley NWR (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1996c).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, R.L., King, W.J., and Cornely, J.E., 1998, Selecting habitat management strategies on refuges: Information and Technology Report 1998-0003, i, 16 p.","productDescription":"i, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":174510,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/53942.PNG"},{"id":320303,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/1998/0003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e486ce4b07f02db50b3be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Richard L.","contributorId":10368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Wayne J.","contributorId":88810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cornely, John E.","contributorId":10863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornely","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}