One component of the surface-water part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program is the use of continuous water-quality monitors to help characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of general water quality in relation to hydrologic conditions. During 1996-98, six continuous water-quality monitors in the South-Central Texas study unit collected water temperature, specific conductance, pH, and dissolved oxygen data. The data were compared among the six sites using boxplots of monthly mean values, summary statistics of monthly values, and hydrographs of daily mean values.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0387","usgsCitation":"Ging, P.B., and Otero, C.L., 2003, Comparison of temperature, specific conductance, pH, and dissolved oxygen at selected basic fixed sites in south-central Texas, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-87, HTML Document; Report: iii, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0387.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: iii, 18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0387.JPG"},{"id":333956,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr03087/ofr03-087.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.33 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":4602,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr03087/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.72265625,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -100.283203125,\n 30.41078179084589\n ],\n [\n -99.7998046875,\n 31.090574094954192\n ],\n [\n -99.00878906249999,\n 31.090574094954192\n ],\n [\n -97.822265625,\n 30.977609093348686\n ],\n [\n -96.6796875,\n 30.600093873550072\n ],\n [\n -96.240234375,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -95.888671875,\n 29.649868677972304\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 28.304380682962783\n ],\n [\n -97.3388671875,\n 27.488781168937997\n ],\n [\n -97.55859375,\n 27.254629577800063\n ],\n [\n -98.2177734375,\n 27.410785702577023\n ],\n [\n -98.701171875,\n 27.410785702577023\n ],\n [\n -99.36035156249999,\n 27.488781168937997\n ],\n [\n -99.97558593749999,\n 28.07198030177986\n ],\n [\n -100.5029296875,\n 28.69058765425071\n ],\n [\n -100.81054687499999,\n 29.267232865200878\n ],\n [\n -101.0302734375,\n 29.611670115197377\n ],\n [\n -100.72265625,\n 29.916852233070173\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ging, Patricia B. 0000-0001-5491-8448 pbging@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-8448","contributorId":1788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ging","given":"Patricia","email":"pbging@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otero, Cassi L.","contributorId":100469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otero","given":"Cassi","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44563,"text":"wri024218 - 2003 - Estimating water temperatures in small streams in western Oregon using neural network models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:15:55","indexId":"wri024218","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4218","title":"Estimating water temperatures in small streams in western Oregon using neural network models","docAbstract":"Artificial neural network models were developed to estimate water temperatures in small streams using data collected at 148 sites throughout western Oregon from June to September 1999. The sites were located on 1st-, 2nd-, or 3rd-order streams having undisturbed or minimally disturbed conditions. Data collected at each site for model development included continuous hourly water temperature and description of riparian habitat. Additional data pertaining to the landscape characteristics of the basins upstream of the sites were assembled using geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Hourly meteorological time series data collected at 25 locations within the study region also were assembled.\r\n\r\nClustering analysis was used to partition 142 sites into 3 groups. Separate models were developed for each group. The riparian habitat, basin characteristic, and meteorological time series data were independent variables and water temperature time series were dependent variables to the models, respectively. Approximately one-third of the data vectors were used for model training, and the remaining two-thirds were used for model testing. Critical input variables included riparian shade, site elevation, and percentage of forested area of the basin. Coefficient of determination and root mean square error for the models ranged from 0.88 to 0.99 and 0.05 to 0.59 oC, respectively. The models also were tested and validated using temperature time series, habitat, and basin landscape data from 6 sites that were separate from the 142 sites that were used to develop the models.\r\n\r\nThe models are capable of estimating water temperatures at locations along 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-order streams in western Oregon. The model user must assemble riparian habitat and basin landscape characteristics data for a site of interest. These data, in addition to meteorological data, are model inputs. Output from the models include simulated hourly water temperatures for the June to September period. Adjustments can be made to the shade input data to simulate the effects of minimum or maximum shade on water temperatures.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024218","usgsCitation":"Risley, J.C., Roehl, E.A., and Conrads, P., 2003, Estimating water temperatures in small streams in western Oregon using neural network models: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4218, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024218.","productDescription":"67 p.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3779,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024218/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc05c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roehl, Edwin A. Jr.","contributorId":108083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roehl","given":"Edwin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44574,"text":"wri024255 - 2003 - Trends in nitrogen concentration and nitrogen loads entering the South Shore Estuary Reserve from streams and ground-water discharge in Nassau and Suffolk counties, Long Island, New York, 1952–97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-26T14:39:26.659385","indexId":"wri024255","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4255","title":"Trends in nitrogen concentration and nitrogen loads entering the South Shore Estuary Reserve from streams and ground-water discharge in Nassau and Suffolk counties, Long Island, New York, 1952–97","docAbstract":"The 13 major south-shore streams in Nassau and Suffolk Counties, Long Island, New York with adequate long-term (1971-97) water-quality records, and 192 south-shore wells with sufficient water-quality data, were selected for analysis of geographic, seasonal, and long-term trends in nitrogen concentration. Annual total nitrogen loads transported to the South Shore Estuary Reserve (SSER) from 11 of these streams were calculated using long-term discharge records. Nitrogen loads from shallow and deep ground water also were calculated using simulated ground-water discharge of 1968-83 hydrologic conditions.
Long-term declines in stream discharge occurred in East Meadow Brook, Bellmore Creek and Massapequa Creek in response to extensive sewering in Nassau County. The smallest longterm annual discharge to the SSER was from the westernmost stream, Pines Brook, which is in an area in which the water table has been lowered by sewers since 1952. The three largest average annual discharges to the SSER were from the Connetquot River, Carlls River, and Carmans River in Suffolk County; the discharges from each of these streams were at least twice those of the other streams considered in this study.
Total nitrogen concentrations in streams show a geographic trend with a general eastward increase in median total nitrogen concentration in Nassau County and a decreasing trend from Massapequa Creek eastward into Suffolk County. Total nitrogen concentrations in streams generally are lowest during summer and highest in winter as a result of seasonal fluctuations in chemical reactions and biological activity. The greatest seasonal difference in median total nitrogen concentration was at Carlls River with values of 3.4 and 4.2 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as N during summer (April through September) and winter (October through March), respectively. Streams affected by the completion of sewer districts show long-term (1971-97) trends of decreasing total nitrogen concentration and streams showing an increase in total nitrogen concentration are in unsewered areas with increased urbanization.
Discharges from shallow ground water (upper glacial aquifer) and deep ground water (upper part of Magothy aquifer) were simulated from a ground-water-flow model calibrated to steadystate (1968-83) conditions. Simulated discharges from shallow-ground-water system in Nassau County were 10,700 Mgal/yr (million gallons per year) or 40,500,000 m3/yr (cubic meters per year), and those from Suffolk County were 52,300 Mgal/yr or 198,000,000 m3/yr. Discharges from deep-ground-water system in Nassau County were 4,900 Mgal/yr or 18,500,000 m3/yr, and those in Suffolk County were 12,700 Mgal/yr or 48,200,000 m3/yr.
Ground-water concentrations of nitrogen decrease with depth and from west to east. The shallow ground water median nitrogen concentration for each county was determined using 1,155 samples collected at 167 shallow wells (125 feet deep or less) within 1 mile of the shore. The deep ground water median nitrate concentration (nitrate represented almost all of the total nitrogen) for each county was determined using 112 samples collected at 25 deep wells (greater than 125 feet deep) within 1 mile of the shore. The median nitrogen concentration for the shallow and median nitrate concentration for the deep ground water in Nassau County were 3.85 and 0.15 mg/L as N, during 1952–97; the corresponding concentrations for Suffolk County were 1.74 and <0.10 (less than 0.10) mg/L as N, during 1952–97.
Nitrogen loads discharged from streams to the SSER for each year during 1972–97 were calculated as the annual total nitrogen concentration multiplied by the annual discharge. These values were calculated only for the seven streams for which sufficient data were available. The largest long-term (1972–97) average annual nitrogen load from Carlls River was 104 ton/yr or 94,300 kg/yr—about twice that of Connetquot River (54 ton/yr or 48,900 kg/yr) and over three times that of Carmans River (33 ton/yr or 29,900 kg/yr). The smallest annual mean nitrogen load was from Pines Brook, which has the lowest annual mean discharge of all streams analyzed.
The nitrogen load carried to the SSER by ground-water discharge in shallow-ground-water system in Nassau and Suffolk Counties was calculated as the simulated discharge for each county multiplied by the respective median nitrogen concentration, and loads from deep-ground-water system were calculated as the simulated discharge for each county multiplied by the respective median nitrate concentration. All discharges were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey's Long Island ground-water-flow model. The resultant nitrogen loads discharged to the SSER from shallow ground water were 172 ton/yr (156,000 kg/yr) from Nassau County and 380 ton/yr (345,000 kg/yr) from Suffolk County; equaling 552 ton/yr entering the SSER. Those from deep ground water were 3 ton/yr (2,700 kg/yr) from Nassau County and <0.5 ton/yr (480 kg/yr) from Suffolk County; equaling about 3.5 ton/yr entering the SSER.
The sum of both stream loads and groundwater loads results in the total load to the SSER. The largest calculated total nitrogen load entering the SSER from both streams and ground water occurred in 1979 with a total load of 1,260 ton/yr (1,140,000 kg/yr). The smallest calculated nitrogen load entering the SSER occurred in 1995 with a total load of 725 ton/yr (658,000 kg/yr).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024255","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of State","usgsCitation":"Monti, and Scorca, M.P., 2003, Trends in nitrogen concentration and nitrogen loads entering the South Shore Estuary Reserve from streams and ground-water discharge in Nassau and Suffolk counties, Long Island, New York, 1952–97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4255, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024255.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411008,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54607.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3694,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4255/wri20024255.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2002-4255"},{"id":168541,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4255/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County, Suffolk County","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.5,\n 41.875\n ],\n [\n -73.7625,\n 41.875\n ],\n [\n -73.7625,\n 40.5861\n ],\n [\n -72.5,\n 40.5861\n ],\n [\n -72.5,\n 41.875\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
The large-scale use of the gasoline oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and its high solubility, low soil adsorption, and low biodegradability, has resulted in its detection in ground water and surface water in many places throughout the United States. Studies by numerous researchers, as well as many State and local environmental agencies, have discovered high levels of MTBE in soils and ground water at leaking underground gasoline-storage-tank sites and frequent occurrence of low to intermediate levels of MTBE in reservoirs used for both public water supply and recreational boating.
In response to these findings, the American Water Works Association Research Foundation sponsored an investigation of MTBE and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the Nation's sources of drinking water. The goal of the investigation was to provide additional information on the frequency of occurrence, concentration, and temporal variability of MTBE and other VOCs in source water used by community water systems (CWSs). The investigation was completed in two stages: (1) reviews of available literature and (2) the collection of new data. Two surveys were associated with the collection of new data. The first, termed the Random Survey, employed a statistically stratified design for sampling source water from 954 randomly selected CWSs. The second, which is the focus of this report, is termed the Focused Survey, which included samples collected from 134 CWS source waters, including ground water, reservoirs, lakes, rivers, and streams, that were suspected or known to contain MTBE. The general intent of the Focused Survey was to compare results with the Random Survey and provide an improved understanding of the occurrence, concentration, temporal variability, and anthropogenic factors associated with frequently detected VOCs.
Each sample collected was analyzed for 66 VOCs, including MTBE and three other ether gasoline oxygenates (hereafter termed gasoline oxygenates). As part of the Focused Survey, 451 source-water samples and 744 field quality-control (QC) samples were collected from 78 ground-water, 39 reservoir and (or) lake, and 17 river and (or) stream source waters at fixed intervals for a period of 1 year.
Using a common assessment level of 0.2 μg/L (micrograms per liter) (2.0 μg/L for methyl ethyl ketone), 37 of the 66 VOCs analyzed were detected in both surveys. However, VOCs, especially MTBE and other gasoline oxygenates, were detected more frequently in the Focused Survey than in the Random Survey. MTBE was detected in 55.5 percent of the CWSs sampled in the Focused Survey and in 8.7 percent of those sampled in the Random Survey. Little difference in occurrence, however, was observed for trihalomethanes (THMs), which were detected in 16.4 and 14.8 percent of Focused Survey and Random Survey CWSs, respectively. This may indicate a pervasive occurrence of THMs in several source-water types, regardless of CWS size or geographic location.
Using data at or above the method detection limit to assess temporal variability and anthropogenic factors associated with frequent detection of select VOCs, concentrations in the Focused Survey in ground-water, reservoir, and river source waters were typically less than 1 μg/L. Also, at a 95-percent confidence interval, no statistically significant differences were observed in comparing concentrations in the first and second ground-water sample. A weak seasonal pattern was observed in samples collected from reservoirs and lakes where gasoline oxygenates and other gasoline compounds were detected more frequently during spring and summer, presumedly a result of increased use of motorized watercraft during these seasons. In contrast, seasonal patterns were not observed in samples collected from rivers and streams. The lack of seasonal differences in river and stream source waters sampled may indicate a common and continuous source of contamination.
The most frequently detected VOC (MTBE) and the two most frequently occurring subgroups of VOCs (gasoline oxygenates and THMs) detected in CWS source waters were further characterized to evaluate some anthropogenic factors that may better explain their frequent occurrence. Gasoline oxygenates were detected in 73.9 percent of all CWSs sampled. The concentration of gasoline oxygenates was slightly correlated with watercraft use on reservoirs inside MTBE high-use areas (r2=0.3783) but not outside of these areas (r2=0.0242). In general, the concentration of gasoline oxygenates increased as watercraft use increased. THMs were detected in 47.8 percent of the CWSs supplied by surface water. The frequent occurrence of THMs in reservoir source waters was determined to be an artifact of disinfection and the recycling of chlorinated water to these reservoirs. All CWSs with frequent occurrence of THMs served by a reservoir indicated that chlorine was added to waters for various reasons and that the chlorinated water was then released back to,
or upstream of, the reservoir or lake that was sampled.
Director, Dakota Water Science Center, South Dakota Office
U.S. Geological Survey
1608 Mountain View Road
Rapid City, SD 57702
The Wisconsin Department of Transportation is required to control the quality of runoff from roadways under their control as part of the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System. One way to control roadway runoff is to use street sweeping to remove pollutants before they are entrained in runoff. This may be a good option because land is often unavailable or prohibitively expensive and structural best-management practices can also be expensive. This study collected stormwater runoff samples and dirt samples from the roadway surface from a section of Interstate Highway 894 near Milwaukee, Wisconsin during periods when a street sweeping program was and was not in effect. These data may be useful in evaluating street sweeping as a stormwater best management practice but this study did not perform this evaluation. Data collection methods, concentrations of sediment and other constituents in storm- water runoff, and street dirt masses are presented in this report. Replicate and comparison sample results indicate that when evaluating the effectiveness of best-management practices on highway runoff, suspended sediment results should be used rather than suspended solids, presumably because the particle sizes in highway runoff is large compared to those found in other types of stormwater runoff.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0393","usgsCitation":"Waschbusch, R.J., 2003, Data and methods of a 1999-2000 street sweeping study on an urban freeway in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-93, v, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0393.","productDescription":"v, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178564,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0093/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":428002,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54749.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":86353,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0093/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Milwaukee County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-87.8949,43.1947],[-87.8937,43.1938],[-87.8906,43.1901],[-87.8869,43.1864],[-87.8852,43.1805],[-87.8834,43.1759],[-87.8816,43.1718],[-87.8823,43.1673],[-87.885,43.1605],[-87.8883,43.1551],[-87.8922,43.1483],[-87.8955,43.1438],[-87.8981,43.1402],[-87.9007,43.1348],[-87.9014,43.1302],[-87.9016,43.1243],[-87.8991,43.1202],[-87.8924,43.1142],[-87.8869,43.1077],[-87.8845,43.1041],[-87.8789,43.1004],[-87.874,43.0953],[-87.8716,43.0898],[-87.8688,43.0752],[-87.8639,43.0724],[-87.8652,43.0684],[-87.878,43.0585],[-87.8876,43.0495],[-87.896,43.0405],[-87.8992,43.0347],[-87.9012,43.0311],[-87.9045,43.0234],[-87.9065,43.0179],[-87.9059,43.0166],[-87.9035,43.0152],[-87.8973,43.0124],[-87.8924,43.0064],[-87.8906,43.0036],[-87.8862,43.0027],[-87.885,43.0017],[-87.8832,42.9963],[-87.866,42.9833],[-87.8598,42.9782],[-87.8537,42.9718],[-87.8513,42.969],[-87.8483,42.9654],[-87.8465,42.9612],[-87.8448,42.9535],[-87.8452,42.9376],[-87.8474,42.9244],[-87.8462,42.9189],[-87.842,42.9134],[-87.8414,42.9116],[-87.8415,42.908],[-87.8472,42.9039],[-87.8492,42.9008],[-87.8506,42.894],[-87.8483,42.8835],[-87.8466,42.8789],[-87.8454,42.8748],[-87.8436,42.8707],[-87.8388,42.8634],[-87.8376,42.8597],[-87.8347,42.8542],[-87.8298,42.8492],[-87.8268,42.8446],[-87.8355,42.8447],[-87.9524,42.8448],[-88.0699,42.8447],[-88.0675,42.9334],[-88.0692,42.9725],[-88.0682,43.0202],[-88.0664,43.1076],[-88.0639,43.194],[-87.9873,43.1945],[-87.9433,43.1949],[-87.8949,43.1947]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Milwaukee\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e411","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waschbusch, Robert J. 0000-0002-4069-0267 rjwaschb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-0267","contributorId":3447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waschbusch","given":"Robert","email":"rjwaschb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50815,"text":"ofr2003088 - 2003 - Archive of Boomer and Chirp Seismic Reflection Data Collected During USGS Cruise 01RCE02, Southern Louisiana, April and May 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:10","indexId":"ofr2003088","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-88","title":"Archive of Boomer and Chirp Seismic Reflection Data Collected During USGS Cruise 01RCE02, Southern Louisiana, April and May 2001","docAbstract":"In April and May of 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a geophysical study of the Mississippi River Delta, Atchafalaya River Delta, and Shell Island Pass in southern Louisiana. This study was part of a larger USGS River Contaminant Evaluation (RCE) Project. This disc serves as an archive of unprocessed digital seismic reflection data, trackline navigation files, shotpoint navigation maps, observers' logbooks, GIS information, and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata. In addition, a filtered and gained digital GIF-formatted image of each seismic profile is provided. For your convenience, a list of acronyms and abbreviations frequently used in this report has also been provided.\r\n\r\nThis DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) document is readable on any computing platform that has standard DVD driver software installed. Documentation on this DVD was produced using Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) utilized by the World Wide Web (WWW) and allows the user to access the information by using a web browser (i.e. Netscape or Internet Explorer). To access the information contained on this disc, open the file 'index.htm' located at the top level of the disc using your web browser. This report also contains WWW links to USGS collaborators and other agencies. These links are only accessible if access to the internet is available while viewing the DVD.\r\n\r\nThe archived boomer and chirp seismic reflection data are in standard Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) SEG-Y format (Barry et al., 1975) and may be downloaded for processing with public domain software such as Seismic Unix (SU), currently located at http://www.cwp.mines.edu/cwpcodes. Examples of SU processing scripts are provided in the boom.tar and chirp.tar files located in the SU subfolder of the SOFTWARE folder located at the top level of this DVD. In-house (USGS) DOS and Microsoft Windows compatible software for viewing SEG-Y headers - DUMPSEGY.EXE (Zilhman, 1992) - is provided in the USGS subfolder of the SOFTWARE folder. 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0352","usgsCitation":"Britton, J., 2003, Alaska resource data file: Bettles quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-52, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0352.","productDescription":"44 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4597,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178242,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0052/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":483828,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54583.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":489454,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0052/ofr0352.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bettles quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 67\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6882fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Britton, Joe","contributorId":90789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britton","given":"Joe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50805,"text":"ofr20035 - 2003 - Java Programs for Using Newmark's Method and Simplified Decoupled Analysis to Model Slope Performance During Earthquakes","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":39892,"text":"ofr02201 - 2002 - Java programs for using Newmark's method to model slope performance during earthquakes","indexId":"ofr02201","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Java programs for using Newmark's method to model slope performance during earthquakes"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":50805,"text":"ofr20035 - 2003 - Java Programs for Using Newmark's Method and Simplified Decoupled Analysis to Model Slope Performance During Earthquakes","indexId":"ofr20035","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Java Programs for Using Newmark's Method and Simplified Decoupled Analysis to Model Slope Performance During Earthquakes"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-18T12:30:20","indexId":"ofr20035","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-5","title":"Java Programs for Using Newmark's Method and Simplified Decoupled Analysis to Model Slope Performance During Earthquakes","docAbstract":"Landslides typically cause a large proportion of earthquake damage, and the ability to predict slope performance during earthquakes is important for many types of seismic-hazard analysis and for the design of engineered slopes. Newmark's method for modeling a landslide as a rigid-plastic block sliding on an inclined plane provides a useful method for predicting approximate landslide displacements. Newmark's method estimates the displacement of a potential landslide block as it is subjected to earthquake shaking from a specific strong-motion record (earthquake acceleration-time history). A modification of Newmark's method, decoupled analysis, allows modeling landslides that are not assumed to be rigid blocks.\r\n\r\nThis open-file report is available on CD-ROM and contains Java programs intended to facilitate performing both rigorous and simplified Newmark sliding-block analysis and a simplified model of decoupled analysis. For rigorous analysis, 2160 strong-motion records from 29 earthquakes are included along with a search interface for selecting records based on a wide variety of record properties. Utilities are available that allow users to add their own records to the program and use them for conducting Newmark analyses. Also included is a document containing detailed information about how to use Newmark's method to model dynamic slope performance. This program will run on any platform that supports the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) version 1.3, including Windows, Mac OSX, Linux, Solaris, etc. A minimum of 64 MB of available RAM is needed, and the fully installed program requires 400 MB of disk space.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20035","isbn":"0607891432","usgsCitation":"Jibson, R.W., and Jibson, M.W., 2003, Java Programs for Using Newmark's Method and Simplified Decoupled Analysis to Model Slope Performance During Earthquakes (Version 1.1; Supersedes Open-File Reports 01-116 and 02-201): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-5, 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20035.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368411,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0005/ofr20035.zip","text":"Disc","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"edition":"Version 1.1; Supersedes Open-File Reports 01-116 and 02-201","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623606","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jibson, Randall W. 0000-0003-3399-0875 jibson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-0875","contributorId":2985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"Randall","email":"jibson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jibson, Matthew W.","contributorId":69199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50758,"text":"cir1242 - 2003 - The plan to coordinate NEHRP post-earthquake investigations","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":50758,"text":"cir1242 - 2003 - The plan to coordinate NEHRP post-earthquake investigations","indexId":"cir1242","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"The plan to coordinate NEHRP post-earthquake investigations"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70257197,"text":"cir1542 - 2024 - Plan to coordinate post-earthquake investigations supported by the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP)","indexId":"cir1542","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"title":"Plan to coordinate post-earthquake investigations supported by the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP)"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70257197,"text":"cir1542 - 2024 - Plan to coordinate post-earthquake investigations supported by the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP)","indexId":"cir1542","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"title":"Plan to coordinate post-earthquake investigations supported by the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP)"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-26T16:21:04.810725","indexId":"cir1242","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1242","title":"The plan to coordinate NEHRP post-earthquake investigations","docAbstract":"This is the plan to coordinate domestic and foreign post-earthquake investigations supported by the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP). The plan addresses coordination of both the NEHRP agencies—Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), National Science Foundation (NSF), and U. S. Geological Survey (USGS)—and their partners. The plan is a framework for both coordinating what is going to be done and identifying responsibilities for post-earthquake investigations. It does not specify what will be done. Coordination is addressed in various time frames ranging from hours to years after an earthquake. The plan includes measures for (1) gaining rapid and general agreement on high-priority research opportunities, and (2) conducting the data gathering and fi eld studies in a coordinated manner. It deals with identifi cation, collection, processing, documentation, archiving, and dissemination of the results of post-earthquake work in a timely manner and easily accessible format.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1242","collaboration":"Prepared in Coordination with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, National Science Foundation, and National Institute of Standards and Technology","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T.L., Borcherdt, R.D., Comartin, C.D., Hanson, R.D., Scawthorn, C.R., Tierney, K., and Youd, T.L., 2003, The plan to coordinate NEHRP post-earthquake investigations: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1242, Report: iv, 20 p.; Report HTML; Diagram PDF of the plan, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1242.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 20 p.; Report HTML; Diagram PDF of the plan","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280275,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1242/pdf/c1242.pdf"},{"id":280276,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1242/html/contents.html"},{"id":285900,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1242/images/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":4186,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1242/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":280277,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1242/html/diagram.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6492fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, Thomas L. tholzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Thomas","email":"tholzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Comartin, Craig D.","contributorId":23825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comartin","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanson, Robert D.","contributorId":81004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scawthorn, Charles R.","contributorId":12537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scawthorn","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tierney, Kathleen","contributorId":69458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tierney","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Youd, T. Leslie","contributorId":107678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Youd","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":50327,"text":"fs02403 - 2003 - Bacterial contamination at Huntington Beach, California — Is it from a local offshore wastewater outfall?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T20:57:06.417441","indexId":"fs02403","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"024-03","title":"Bacterial contamination at Huntington Beach, California — Is it from a local offshore wastewater outfall?","docAbstract":"During the summers of 1999 and 2000, beaches at Huntington Beach, California, were repeatedly closed to swimming because of high bacteria levels in the surf zone. The city’s beaches are a major recreational and commercial resource, normally attracting millions of visitors each summer. One possible source of the bacterial contamination was the Orange County Sanitation District’s sewage outfall, which discharges treated wastewater 4.5 miles offshore at a depth of 200 feet. Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating organizations have been investigating whether ocean currents and waves transport the wastewater to the beaches. These studies indicate that bacteria from the outfall are not a significant source of the beach contamination.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs02403","usgsCitation":"Xu, J., Noble, M., Rosenfeld, L., Largier, J., Hamilton, P., Jones, B., Hendley, J.W., and Stauffer, P.H., 2003, Bacterial contamination at Huntington Beach, California — Is it from a local offshore wastewater outfall?: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 024-03, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs02403.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_024_03.bmp"},{"id":394719,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54504.htm"},{"id":4139,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/fs024-03/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Huntington Beach","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.0833,33.6833 ], [ -118.0833,33.533 ], [ -117.8833,33.533 ], [ -117.8833,33.6833 ], [ -118.0833,33.6833 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ac46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, Jingping jpx@usgs.gov","contributorId":2574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Jingping","email":"jpx@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noble, Marlene","contributorId":29463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Marlene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenfeld, Leslie","contributorId":98386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenfeld","given":"Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Largier, John","contributorId":85257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Largier","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hamilton, Peter","contributorId":22026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, Burt","contributorId":81976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Burt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hendley, James W. II jhendley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendley","given":"James","suffix":"II","email":"jhendley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":50799,"text":"b2184E - 2003 - Potential for deep basin-centered gas accumulation in Travis Peak (Hosston) Formation, Gulf Coast Basin, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T21:53:48.72436","indexId":"b2184E","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2184","chapter":"E","title":"Potential for deep basin-centered gas accumulation in Travis Peak (Hosston) Formation, Gulf Coast Basin, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The potential of Lower Cretaceous sandstones of the Travis Peak Formation in the northern Gulf Coast Basin to harbor a basin-centered gas accumulation was evaluated by examining (1) the depositional and diagenetic history and reservoir properties of Travis Peak sandstones, (2) the presence and quality of source rocks for generating gas, (3) the burial and thermal history of source rocks and time of gas generation and migration relative to tectonic development of Travis Peak traps, (4) gas and water recoveries from drill-stem and formation tests, (5) the distribution of abnormal pressures based on shut-in-pressure data, and (6) the presence or absence of gas-water contacts associated with gas accumulations in Travis Peak sandstones.
The Travis Peak Formation (and correlative Hosston Formation) is a basinward-thickening wedge of terrigenous clastic sedimentary rocks that underlies the northern Gulf Coast Basin from eastern Texas across northern Louisiana to southern Mississippi. Clastic influx was focused in two main fluvial-deltaic depocenters—one located in northeastern Texas and the other in southeastern Mississippi and northeastern Louisiana. Across the main hydrocarbon-productive trend in eastern Texas and northern Louisiana, the Travis Peak Formation is about 2,000 ft thick.
Most Travis Peak hydrocarbon production in eastern Texas comes from drilling depths between 6,000 and 10,000 ft. Significant decrease in porosity and permeability occurs through that depth interval. Above 8,000-ft drilling depth in eastern Texas, Travis Peak sandstone matrix permeabilities often are significantly higher than the 0.1-millidarcy (mD) cutoff that characterizes tight-gas reservoirs. Below 8,000 ft, matrix permeability of Travis Peak sandstones is low because of pervasive quartz cementation, but abundant natural fractures impart significant fracture permeability.
Although pressure data within the middle and lower Travis Peak Formation are limited in eastern Texas, overpressured reservoirs caused by thermal generation of gas, typical of basin-centered gas accumulations, are not common in the Travis Peak Formation. Significant overpressure was found in only one Travis Peak sandstone reservoir in 1 of 24 oil and gas fields examined across eastern Texas and northern Louisiana.
The presence of gas-water contacts is perhaps the most definitive criterion indicating that a gas accumulation is conventional rather than a “sweet spot” within a basin-centered gas accumulation. Hydrocarbon-water contacts within Travis Peak sandstone reservoirs were documented in 17 fields and probably occur in considerably more fields across the productive Travis Peak trend in eastern Texas and northern Louisiana. All known hydrocarbon-water contacts in Travis Peak reservoirs in eastern Texas, however, occur within sandstones in the upper 500 ft of the formation. Although no gas-water contacts have been reported within the lower three-fourths of the Travis Peak Formation in northeastern Texas, gas production from that interval is limited. The best available data suggest that most middle and lower Travis Peak sandstones are water bearing in northeastern Texas.
Insufficient hydrocarbon charge relative to permeability of Travis Peak reservoirs might be responsible for lack of overpressure and basin-centered gas within the Travis Peak Formation. Shales interbedded with Travis Peak sandstones in eastern Texas are primarily oxidized flood-plain deposits with insufficient organic-carbon content to be significant sources of oil and gas. The most likely source rocks for hydrocarbons in Travis Peak reservoirs are two stratigraphically lower units, the Jurassic-age Bossier Shale of the Cotton Valley Group, and laminated, lime mudstones of the Jurassic Smackover Formation. Hydrocarbon charge, therefore, might be sufficient for development of conventional gas accumulations, but it is insufficient for development of basin-centered gas as a result of the absence of proximal source rocks and a lack of effective migration pathways from stratigraphically or geographically distant source rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2184E","usgsCitation":"Bartberger, C.E., Dyman, T.S., and Condon, S.M., 2003, Potential for deep basin-centered gas accumulation in Travis Peak (Hosston) Formation, Gulf Coast Basin, U.S.A. (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2184, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2184E.","productDescription":"36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4593,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2184-e/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":390794,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54653.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Travis Peak (Hosston) Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.5,\n 31.5\n ],\n [\n -89.75,\n 31.5\n ],\n [\n -89.75,\n 33.25\n ],\n [\n -96.5,\n 33.25\n ],\n [\n -96.5,\n 31.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a870b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartberger, Charles E.","contributorId":92741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartberger","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dyman, Thaddeus S.","contributorId":83971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyman","given":"Thaddeus","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Condon, Steven M.","contributorId":95464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condon","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":47779,"text":"wri034016 - 2003 - Simulation of ground-water flow and land subsidence in the Antelope Valley ground-water basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:41","indexId":"wri034016","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4016","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow and land subsidence in the Antelope Valley ground-water basin, California","docAbstract":"Antelope Valley, California, is a topographically closed basin in the western part of the Mojave Desert, about 50 miles northeast of Los Angeles. The Antelope Valley ground-water basin is about 940 square miles and is separated from the northern part of Antelope Valley by faults and low-lying hills. Prior to 1972, ground water provided more than 90 percent of the total water supply in the valley; since 1972, it has provided between 50 and 90 percent. Most ground-water pumping in the valley occurs in the Antelope Valley ground-water basin, which includes the rapidly growing cities of Lancaster and Palmdale. Ground-water-level declines of more than 200 feet in some parts of the ground-water basin have resulted in an increase in pumping lifts, reduced well efficiency, and land subsidence of more than 6 feet in some areas. Future urban growth and limits on the supply of imported water may continue to increase reliance on ground water. To better understand the ground-water flow system and to develop a tool to aid in effectively managing the water resources, a numerical model of ground-water flow and land subsidence in the Antelope Valley ground-water basin was developed using old and new geohydrologic information.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe ground-water flow system consists of three aquifers: the upper, middle, and lower aquifers. The aquifers, which were identified on the basis of the hydrologic properties, age, and depth of the unconsolidated deposits, consist of gravel, sand, silt, and clay alluvial deposits and clay and silty clay lacustrine deposits. Prior to ground-water development in the valley, recharge was primarily the infiltration of runoff from the surrounding mountains. Ground water flowed from the recharge areas to discharge areas around the playas where it discharged either from the aquifer system as evapotranspiration or from springs. Partial barriers to horizontal ground-water flow, such as faults, have been identified in the ground-water basin. Water-level declines owing to ground-water development have eliminated the natural sources of discharge, and pumping for agricultural and urban uses have become the primary source of discharge from the ground-water system. Infiltration of return flows from agricultural irrigation has become an important source of recharge to the aquifer system.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe ground-water flow model of the basin was discretized horizontally into a grid of 43 rows and 60 columns of square cells 1 mile on a side, and vertically into three layers representing the upper, middle, and lower aquifers. Faults that were thought to act as horizontal-flow barriers were simulated in the model. The model was calibrated to simulate steady-state conditions, represented by 1915 water levels and transient-state conditions during 1915-95 using water-level and subsidence data. Initial estimates of the aquifer-system properties and stresses were obtained from a previously published numerical model of the Antelope Valley ground-water basin; estimates also were obtained from recently collected hydrologic data and from results of simulations of ground-water flow and land subsidence models of the Edwards Air Force Base area. Some of these initial estimates were modified during model calibration. Ground-water pumpage for agriculture was estimated on the basis of irrigated crop acreage and crop consumptive-use data. Pumpage for public supply, which is metered, was compiled and entered into a database used for this study. Estimated annual pumpage peaked at 395,000 acre-feet (acre-ft) in 1952 and then declined because of declining agricultural production. Recharge from irrigation-return flows was estimated to be 30 percent of agricultural pumpage; the irrigation-return flows were simulated as recharge to the regional water table 10 years following application at land surface. The annual quantity of natural recharge initially was based on estimates from previous studies. During model calibration, natural recharge was reduced from the initial","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034016","usgsCitation":"Leighton, D.A., and Phillips, S.P., 2003, Simulation of ground-water flow and land subsidence in the Antelope Valley ground-water basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4016, 118 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034016.","productDescription":"118 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3991,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034016","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":171789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a20d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leighton, David A.","contributorId":95493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leighton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Steven P. 0000-0002-5107-868X sphillip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-868X","contributorId":1506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Steven","email":"sphillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":47763,"text":"wri024276 - 2003 - Hydrology and water quality of an urban stream reach in the Great Basin — Little Cottonwood Creek near Salt Lake City, Utah, water years 1999–2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-25T21:08:35.529105","indexId":"wri024276","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4276","title":"Hydrology and water quality of an urban stream reach in the Great Basin — Little Cottonwood Creek near Salt Lake City, Utah, water years 1999–2000","docAbstract":"The hydrology and water quality of an urbanized reach of Little Cottonwood Creek near Salt Lake City, Utah, were examined as part of the Great Salt Lake Basins study, part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment program. Physical and chemical properties of the stream were referenced to established aquatic-life criteria as available. Two fixed sampling sites were established on Little Cottonwood Creek with the purpose of determining the influence of urbanization on the water quality of the stream. The fixed-site assessment is a component of the National Water-Quality Assessment surface-water study design used to assess the spatial and temporal distribution of selected water-quality constituents.
The occurrence and distribution of major ions, nutrients, trace elements, dissolved and suspended organic carbon, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and suspended sediment were monitored during this study. From October 1998 to September 2000, stream samples were collected at regular intervals at the two fixed sites. Additional samples were collected at these sites during periods of high flow, which included runoff from snowmelt in the headwaters and seasonal thunderstorms in the lower basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/wri024276","usgsCitation":"Gerner, S.J., and Waddell, K.M., 2003, Hydrology and water quality of an urban stream reach in the Great Basin — Little Cottonwood Creek near Salt Lake City, Utah, water years 1999–2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4276, viii, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024276.","productDescription":"viii, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"57","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394839,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54626.htm"},{"id":4089,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024276/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":334636,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri024276/pdf/WRI024276.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Salt Lake City","otherGeospatial":"Little Cottonwood Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.9451904296875,\n 40.55085246740427\n ],\n [\n -111.9451904296875,\n 40.6504293761137\n ],\n [\n -111.76391601562499,\n 40.6504293761137\n ],\n [\n -111.76391601562499,\n 40.55085246740427\n ],\n [\n -111.9451904296875,\n 40.55085246740427\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604bf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerner, Steven J. 0000-0002-5701-1304 sjgerner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-1304","contributorId":972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"Steven","email":"sjgerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddell, Kidd M.","contributorId":20720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"Kidd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":47457,"text":"wri034042 - 2003 - Determination of upstream boundary points on southeastern Washington streams and rivers under the requirements of the Shoreline Management Act of 1971","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:38","indexId":"wri034042","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4042","title":"Determination of upstream boundary points on southeastern Washington streams and rivers under the requirements of the Shoreline Management Act of 1971","docAbstract":"Regulation of the shorelines of the State of Washington, as mandated by the Shoreline Management Act of 1971, requires knowledge of the locations on streams and river reaches where specific regulatory criteria are satisfied. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a study in 1971 to determine the upstream boundary points of these reaches for many of the State's streams and rivers. Updated upstream boundary points were determined in the current study for all the streams and rivers in southeastern Washington that fall under the jurisdiction of the Shoreline Management Act of 1971. Upstream boundary point locations where the mean annual discharge equals 20 cubic feet per second were determined for 149 streams. In addition, upstream boundary point locations where the mean annual discharge equals 200 cubic feet per second or the drainage area equals 300 square miles were determined for 22 rivers. \r\n\r\nBoundary point locations were determined by application of multiple-linear-regression equations that relate mean annual discharge to drainage area and mean annual precipitation. Southeastern Washington was divided into five hydrologically distinct regions, and a separate regression equation was developed for each region. The regression equations are based on data for gaging stations with at least 10 years of record. The number of stations in the regression analysis for each of the five regions ranged from 5 to 33. The coefficient of determination, R2, of the regression equations ranged from 0.953 to 0.997. The equation for the Upper Yakima region had the lowest standard error, ranging from -7 to +9 percent for a regression estimate of 20 cubic feet per second. The equation for the Columbia Basin to Palouse region had the highest standard error, ranging from -36 to +55 percent for a regression estimate of 20 cubic feet per second. The approximate error in the location of an upstream boundary point can be calculated using the variables mean annual precipitation of the basin upstream from a boundary point and average basin width in the vicinity of the boundary point. The calculation gives only a rough estimate of the error of the boundary point location, because of the uncertainty in estimating average basin width.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034042","usgsCitation":"Higgins, J.L., 2003, Determination of upstream boundary points on southeastern Washington streams and rivers under the requirements of the Shoreline Management Act of 1971: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4042, 18 p., 1 over-size sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034042.","productDescription":"18 p., 1 over-size sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3984,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034042/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":173317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db6269ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higgins, Johnna L. jhiggins@usgs.gov","contributorId":3091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"Johnna","email":"jhiggins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":235420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47765,"text":"wri024288 - 2003 - Estimating spatial variability of recharge in southern New Jersey from unsaturated-zone measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T06:48:08","indexId":"wri024288","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4288","title":"Estimating spatial variability of recharge in southern New Jersey from unsaturated-zone measurements","docAbstract":"Spatial variability of recharge in southern New Jersey was studied by sampling the unsat-urated zone at 48 sites distributed over approximately 930 square kilometers. Samples of unsaturated-zone sediment were collected during the summer and fall of 1996. Unsaturated flow was calculated using moisture-content data and estimates of conductivity and matric potential derived from sediment-size data. Matric forces were found to be important at about 70 percent of the sites despite the expectation that unsaturated flow in a humid climate is gravity driven. Upward water movement occurred at about 17 percent of the sites. The lower sediment layer at these sites consisted of sandy loam, indicating that upward movement can occur at depth only where the sediments are relatively fine-grained. At the other extreme, calculated flow at about 17 percent of the sites exceeded 250 centimeters per year. Because of the uncertainty inherent in unsaturated-flow calculations, the method provides only a scaling of recharge variability; however, the median calculated flow of 29.1 centimeters per year compares favorably with recharge estimates from previous water-budget studies. A map developed by spatial analysis of the recharge estimates identified an agricultural part of the study area where recharge was known to be low relative to recharge in other basins.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024288","usgsCitation":"Baehr, A.L., Kauffman, L.J., Perkins, K., and Nolan, B.T., 2003, Estimating spatial variability of recharge in southern New Jersey from unsaturated-zone measurements: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4288, iv, 31 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024288.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":162489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4091,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024288/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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kperkins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kimberlie","email":"kperkins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":236188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nolan, Bernard T. 0000-0002-6945-9659 btnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9659","contributorId":2190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"Bernard","email":"btnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":69682,"text":"mf2407C - 2003 - Map showing cobalt concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-21T20:41:06.759749","indexId":"mf2407C","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2407","chapter":"C","title":"Map showing cobalt concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2407C","usgsCitation":"Yager, D.B., and Folger, H.W., 2003, Map showing cobalt concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2407, 1 Plate: 42.78 × 40.88 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2407C.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 42.78 × 40.88 inches","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6351,"rank":300,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2003/mf-2407/MF-2407-C.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":110410,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54729.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54729"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Humboldt River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120,\n 38.6939\n ],\n [\n -114.4667,\n 38.6939\n ],\n [\n -114.4667,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 38.6939\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a95e4b07f02db659e4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Folger, Helen W. 0000-0003-1376-5996 hfolger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-5996","contributorId":3219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"Helen","email":"hfolger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69674,"text":"mf2406 - 2003 - Ferricrete, manganocrete, and bog iron occurrences with selected sedge bogs and active iron bogs and springs in the upper Animas River watershed, San Juan County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-09T17:19:33","indexId":"mf2406","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2406","title":"Ferricrete, manganocrete, and bog iron occurrences with selected sedge bogs and active iron bogs and springs in the upper Animas River watershed, San Juan County, Colorado","docAbstract":"During 1996 to 2000, the Bureau of Land Management, National \r\n Park Service, Environmental Protection Agency, United States \r\n Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, and the \r\n U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed a coordinated \r\n strategy to (1) study the environmental effects of \r\n historical mining on Federal lands, and (2) remediate \r\n contaminated sites that have the greatest impact on water \r\n quality and ecosystem health. This dataset provides \r\n information that contributes to these overall objectives and \r\n is part of the USGS Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative. Data \r\n presented here represent ferricrete occurrences and selected \r\n iron bogs and springs in the upper Animas River watershed in \r\n San Juan County near Silverton, Colorado. Ferricretes \r\n (stratified iron and manganese oxyhydroxide-cemented \r\n sedimentary deposits) are one indicator of the geochemical \r\n baseline conditions as well as the effect that weathering of \r\n mineralized rocks had on water quality in the Animas River \r\n watershed prior to mining. Logs and wood fragments \r\n preserved in several ferricretes in the upper Animas River \r\n watershed, collected primarily along streams, yield \r\n radiocarbon ages of modern to 9,580 years B.P. (P.L. \r\n Verplanck, D.B. Yager, and S.E. Church, work in progress). \r\n The presence of ferricrete deposits along the current stream \r\n courses indicates that climate and physiography of the \r\n Animas River watershed have been relatively constant \r\n throughout the Holocene and that weathering processes have \r\n been ongoing for thousands of years prior to historical \r\n mining activities. Thus, by knowing where ferricrete is \r\n preserved in the watershed today, land-management agencies \r\n have an indication of (1) where metal precipitation from \r\n weathering of altered rocks has occurred in the past, and \r\n (2) where this process is ongoing and may confound \r\n remediation efforts.\r\n These data are included as two coverages-a ferricrete \r\n coverage and a bogs and springs coverage. The coverages are \r\n included in ArcInfo shapefile and ArcInfo interchange file \r\n format.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2406","usgsCitation":"Yager, D.B., Church, S.E., Verplanck, P.L., and Wirt, L., 2003, Ferricrete, manganocrete, and bog iron occurrences with selected sedge bogs and active iron bogs and springs in the upper Animas River watershed, San Juan County, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2406, HTML, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2406.","productDescription":"HTML","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6343,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2003/mf-2406/ ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110393,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54495.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54495"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"San Juan County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108,37.75 ], [ -108,38 ], [ -107.5,38 ], [ -107.5,37.75 ], [ -108,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5bfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Church, Stan E. schurch@usgs.gov","contributorId":803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Stan","email":"schurch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wirt, Laurie","contributorId":13204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirt","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":69680,"text":"mf2407A - 2003 - Map showing scandium concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-08T21:18:39.075426","indexId":"mf2407A","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2407","chapter":"A","title":"Map showing scandium concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2407A","usgsCitation":"Yager, D.B., and Folger, H.W., 2003, Map showing scandium concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2407, 1 Plate: 42.78 × 41.25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2407A.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 42.78 × 41.25 inches","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110408,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54729.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54729"},{"id":6349,"rank":300,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2003/mf-2407/MF-2407-A.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":188440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Humboldt River basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,38 ], [ -120,42 ], [ -114,42 ], [ -114,38 ], [ -120,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2d4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Folger, Helen W. 0000-0003-1376-5996 hfolger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-5996","contributorId":3219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"Helen","email":"hfolger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50081,"text":"fs10102 - 2003 - \"Hot Water\" in Lassen Volcanic National Park: Fumaroles, steaming ground, and boiling mudpots","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T20:57:47.086335","indexId":"fs10102","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"101-02","title":"\"Hot Water\" in Lassen Volcanic National Park: Fumaroles, steaming ground, and boiling mudpots","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs10102","usgsCitation":"Clynne, M.A., Janik, C.J., and Muffler, L.J., 2003, \"Hot Water\" in Lassen Volcanic National Park: Fumaroles, steaming ground, and boiling mudpots: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 101-02, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10102.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_101_02.bmp"},{"id":408294,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54608.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4264,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/fs101-02/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lassen Volcanic National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.5703,\n 40.4067\n ],\n [\n -121.3625,\n 40.4067\n ],\n [\n -121.3625,\n 40.4833\n ],\n [\n -121.5703,\n 40.4833\n ],\n [\n -121.5703,\n 40.4067\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4900e4b0b290850eecc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":240738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janik, Cathy J.","contributorId":87090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"Cathy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muffler, Leroy J. Patrick","contributorId":16409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muffler","given":"Leroy","email":"","middleInitial":"J. Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50811,"text":"ofr0375 - 2003 - Map and table of world copper smelters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:33","indexId":"ofr0375","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-75","title":"Map and table of world copper smelters","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0375","usgsCitation":"Laboy-Feliciano, C.S., and Gonzalez, E., 2003, Map and table of world copper smelters (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-75, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0375.","productDescription":"1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4600,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-075/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":176994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db6554f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laboy-Feliciano, Calix Saul","contributorId":99626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laboy-Feliciano","given":"Calix","email":"","middleInitial":"Saul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez, Elizabeth","contributorId":30683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50820,"text":"ofr03154 - 2003 - Descriptions of mineral occurrences and interpretation of mineralized rock geochemical data in the Stikine geophysical survey area, Southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:23","indexId":"ofr03154","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-154","title":"Descriptions of mineral occurrences and interpretation of mineralized rock geochemical data in the Stikine geophysical survey area, Southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"Detailed descriptions of some of the more significant mineral occurrences in the Stikine Airborne Geophysical Survey Project Area are presented based upon site-specific examinations by the U.S. Geological Survey in May of 1998. Reconnaissance geochemical data on unmineralized igneous and sedimentary host rocks, and mineralized rocks are also presented and are accompanied by a brief analysis of geochemical signatures typical of each occurrence. Consistent with the stated goal of the geophysical survey; to stimulate exploration for polymetallic massive sulfides similar to the Greens Creek deposit, the majority of the described occurrences are possible members of a belt of Late Triassic mineral deposits that are distributed along the eastern edge of the Alexander terrane in southeastern Alaska. Many of the described occurrences in the Duncan Canal-Zarembo Island area share similarities to the Greens Creek deposit. When considered as a whole, the geology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of these occurrences help to define a transitional portion of the Late Triassic mineral belt where changes in shallow to deeper water stratigraphy and arc-like to rift-related igneous rocks are accompanied by concomitant changes in the size, morphology, and metal endowments of the mineral occurrences. As a result, Late Triassic mineral occurrences in the area appear as: 1) small, discontinuous, structurally controlled stockwork veins in mafic volcanic rocks, 2) small, irregular replacements and stratabound horizons of diagenetic semi-massive sulfides in dolostones and calcareous shales, and as 3) larger, recognizably stratiform accumulations of baritic, semi-massive to massive sulfides at and near the contact between mafic volcanic rocks and overlying sedimentary rocks. Empirical exploration guidelines for Greens Creek-like polymetallic massive sulfide deposits in southeastern Alaska include: 1) a Late Triassic volcano-sedimentary host sequence exhibiting evidence of succession from tectonic activity to quiescence (such as conglomeratic and/or mafic volcaniclastics or flows overlain by platform carbonate or shale sequences), 2) presence and proximity to Late Triassic mafic-ultramafic intrusions, 3) presence of quartz-carbonate-fuchsite altered ultramafic bodies, 4) pyritic, graphitic shales, 5) presence of barite and/or iron-manganese-rich carbonates, 6) low-iron sphalerite and antimony-rich sulfosalt minerals, 7) a geochemical signature including Fe-Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag-Au-Sb-Hg-As-Cd-Ba-Mn-Mo-Tl and the ultramafic-related suite of elements Ni-Cr-Co, and 8) a geophysical signature characterized by the coincidence of a sharp resistivity contrast with evidence for buried intrusive rocks. Critical factors for the development of larger, economic orebodies are significant thickness of pyritic, graphitic shale indicating that a locally reducing sedimentary setting was established and that accumulation of an insulating shale blank occurred, and proximity to Late Triassic aged hypabyssal mafic-ultramafic intrusive rocks.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03154","usgsCitation":"Taylor, C.D., 2003, Descriptions of mineral occurrences and interpretation of mineralized rock geochemical data in the Stikine geophysical survey area, Southeastern Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-154, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03154.","productDescription":"51 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4607,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-154/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668052","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Cliff D. 0000-0001-6376-6298 ctaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-6298","contributorId":1283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Cliff","email":"ctaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50821,"text":"ofr03155 - 2003 - Four models used for numerical simulation of a borehole radar antenna","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:23","indexId":"ofr03155","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-155","title":"Four models used for numerical simulation of a borehole radar antenna","docAbstract":"In this report are four different models that represent an antenna used by personnel at the U.S. Geological Survey for crosswell investigations. The four models vary in complexity and concomitantly the accuracy with which they represent the actual antenna. These models are used in numerical simulations of the antenna to determine how it radiates radar waves.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03155","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K.J., and Wright, D.L., 2003, Four models used for numerical simulation of a borehole radar antenna (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-155, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03155.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4608,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-155/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a807d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":242391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, David L. dwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":1132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"David","email":"dwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":242392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}